《華嚴經‧入法界品》「普眼」(samanta-netra 梵文本之翻譯與義 …

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《華嚴經‧入法界品》「普眼」(samanta-netra)法門:梵文本之翻譯與義理之研究 93 《華嚴經‧入法界品》「普眼」(samanta-netra)法門: 梵文本之翻譯與義理之研究 台灣大學哲學系 教授 蔡耀明 本文以《華嚴經‧入法界品》(Gaṇḍavyūha-sūtra)善財童子(sudhanaśreṣṭhi- dārakaḥ)參訪海雲比丘(sāgara-megho bhiku)的一節為依據,從梵文翻譯為 白話文,進而探討該節核心之「普眼」(samanta-netra)法門(dharma-paryāya與法界觀。該節目前存於東晉‧佛馱跋陀羅(Buddhabhadra)譯的六十卷華嚴經、 唐‧實叉難陀(Śikānanda)譯的八十卷華嚴經、以及唐‧般若(Prajña)譯的四 十卷華嚴經。為了提供學界在進入典籍可以有更完整的適用材料,本文就該節之 梵文本,進行白話翻譯與義理研究。顧慮到篇幅的限制,本文不提供梵文本逐字 的語詞分析,也不就現存的三個漢譯本與梵文本做比對之討論。透過該節梵文本 之翻譯與義理之研究,將可跨出一小步,展望後續在《華嚴經‧入法界品》梵文 本更完整的翻譯及其義理更周詳的論述。 關鍵詞:華嚴經典、法界、普眼、善財童子

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samanta-netra

drakasgara-megho bhiku
samanta-netradharma-paryya
Buddhabhadra
iksnandaPrajña


94 2021
drakasgara-megho bhiku








1



T. 294, vol. 10, pp. 851c-876a.
DivkaraT. 295, vol. 10, pp. 876b-878c.

PrajñaT. 293, vol. 10, pp. 661a-
1 dharma-dhtu-praveaP. L. Vaidya (ed.), Gaavyhastra, Darbhanga: The Mithila
Institute, pp. 20, 68, 184, 369.
samanta-netra 95
848b.
BuddhabhadraT. 278, vol. 9, pp. 676a-788b.
iksnandaT. 279, vol.
10, pp. 319a-444c.
27 2017 3
141-163: 2018
(http://mephilosophy.ccu.edu.tw/entry.php?entry_name=%E8%8F%AF%E5%9A%B4
%E5%AE%97) Luis Gómez, Selected Verses from the Gandavyuha: Text, Critical
Apparatus and Translation, PhD dissertation, Yale University, 1967, pp. xxiv-xxv.
sDong pos brgyan pa/ sDong po bkod pa’i mdo. Section 45 of
the Buddhvatasaka-nma-mah-vaipulya-stra, Sangs rgyas phal po che shes bya
ba shin tu rgyas pa chen po’i mdo. Derge 44; Peking 761, vol. 26.
Jinamitra, Surendrabodhi, Ye shes sde.
Ernst Steinkellner, Sudhana’s Miraculous Journey in the Temple of the Ta Pho: The
Inscriptional Text of the Tibetan Gaavyhastra, Roma: Istituto Italiano per il Medio
ed Estremo Oriente, 1995, p. 19; Peter Skilling, “From bKa’ bstan bcos to bKa’ ’gyur
and bsTan ’gyur’,” in Transmission of the Tibetan Canon, edited by Helmut Eimer,
Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1997, p. 100; Peter
Skilling and Saerji, “The Circulation of the Buddhvatasaka in India,” Annual Report
of the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University 16
(March 2013): 193-216.
B. H. Hodgson 1835 Royal
Asiatic Society, London.2
3 Gaavyha
Stra [915 NS], British Library, EAP676/12/3 (https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP676-
12-3). Daisetz Teitar Suzuki, Hkei Idzumi (eds.),
The Gaavyha Stra, Tokyo: Society for the Publication of Sacred Books of the
World, 1949. P. L. Vaidya (ed.), Gaavyhastra, Darbhanga: The Mithila
Institute, 1960. Vaidya Digital Sanskrit
2 See E. B. Cowell, J. Eggeling, “Catalogue of Buddhist Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Possession of the
Royal Asiatic Society (Hodgson Collection),” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 8/1 (January 1875):
1-4; 51; Douglas Osto, The Gaavyha-stra: A Study of Wealth, Gender and Power in an Indian
Buddhist Narrative, PhD dissertation, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London,
2004, pp. 34-36. 3 See Judy Jastram, Three Chapters from the Gaavyha Stra: A Critical Edition of the Sanskrit and
Tibetan Texts of the Youth Sudhana’s Visits to the Bhikus Meghar, Sgaramegha, and Supratihita,
with English Translation and Commentary, PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 1975,
pp. lxxvii-lxxxv.
Göttingen Register of Electronic Texts in Indian Languages (http://gretil.sub.uni-
goettingen.de/gretil/1_sanskr/4_rellit/buddh/bsu016_u.htm).
Ernst Waldschmidt, Sanskrithandschriften aus
den Turfanfunden, I, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1965, pp. 235-236; Shin’ichiro
Hori (), “Gaavyha-Fragmente der Turfan-Sammlung,” Journal of the
International College for Advanced Buddhist Studies 5 (March 2002): 113-132;
1
1 39 2013 3
17-33; 1
2 42 2016
3 1-9;

:
Vaidya 56 1. nidna-parivarta
()/ 2. samanta-bhadra ()/ 3. mañju-r ()/ 4.
megha-r ()/ 5. sgara-megha ()/ 6. supratishita (
)/ 7. megha ()/ 8. muktaka ()/ 9. sra-dhvaja (
)/ 10. ()/ 11. bhsmôttara-nirghosa (
)/ 12. jayôsmâyatana ()/ 13.
maitrya ()/ 14. sudarana ()/ 15.
indriyêvara ()/ 16. prabht ()/ 17.
vidvn ()/ 18. ratna-ca ()/ 19. samanta-netra ()/
20. anala ()/ 21. mah-prabha ()/ 22. acal ()/ 23. sarva-gm (
)/ 24. utpala-bhti ()/ 25. vaira (
)/ 26. jayôttama ()/ 27. siha-vijmbhit (
)/ 28. vasu-mitr ()/ 29. veshila (
)/ 30. avalokitêvara ()/ 31. an-anya-gm ()/ 32.
mah-deva ()/ 33. sthvar ()/ 34. vsant ()/ 35.
samanta-gambhra-r-vimala-prabh ( )/ 36. pramudita-
)/ 40. sarva-vksa-praphullana-sukha-savs ()/
41. sarva-jagad-raks-praidhna-vrya-prabh ()/ 42.
sutejo-maala-rati-r ()/ 43. go-p ()/
44. my ()/ 45. surêndrâbh ()/ 46. viv-mitra ()/ 47.
samanta-netra 97
ilpâbhijña ()/ 48. bhadrôttam ()/ 49. mukt-sra (
)/ 50. su-candra ()/ 51. ajita-sena ()/ 52. ivarâgra (
)/ 53. r-sabhava rmati ca ()/
54. maitreya ()/ 55. mañju-r ()/ 56.
samanta-bhadra-cary-praidhnam ().



Luis Gómez (Selected Verses from the Gandavyuha: Text, Critical Apparatus
and Translation, PhD dissertation, Yale University, 1967)
Judy Jastram (Three Chapters from the Gaavyha Stra: A Critical Edition of the
Sanskrit and Tibetan Texts of the Youth Sudhana’s Visits to the Bhikus Meghar,
Sgaramegha, and Supratihita, with English Translation and Commentary, PhD
dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 1975)
Hodgson 1835
Mark Ehman (The Gaavyha: Search for Enlightenment, PhD
dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1977, pp. 7-20)
Douglas Osto (The Gaavyha-stra: A Study of Wealth, Gender and
Power in an Indian Buddhist Narrative, PhD dissertation, School of Oriental and
African Studies, University of London, 2004, pp. 36-51)
Osto 2009 Power Wealth and
Women in Indian Mahyna Buddhism: The Gaavyha-stra (New York:
Routledge).




dharma-dhtu
4 ""
13 2000 3 213-236.
98 2021
3 61-105


sgaramegha
[ 0690b26]
[ 0680c8]
bodhisattva-samdhi-nayam anu-mrjan,

abhi-mukham adhi-mucyamna, ta buddha-darana-diam abhi-lasan, ta buddha-
samudram anu-vi-cintayan, t buddha-para-parm anu-smaran, ta buddha-
nayânu-gamam anu-gacchan, ta buddha-gaganam anu-vi-lokayan,
samanta-netra 99
[]


megho bhiksus, tenôpa-sa-kram-ya, sgara-meghasya bhikso pdau irasâbhi-vand-ya,
[]

sgara-meghasya bhikso purata prâñjali sthitv, etad avocat –
[]
tara jñna-sgaram ava-tartu-kma/ na ca jne katha bodhisattv vi-vartante loka-
vat/ -vartante tathgata-vae/
100 2021
calanti bla-pthag-jana-bhm/ sa-padyante tathgata-kule/ vi-vartante sasra-
srotasa/ pra-vartante bodhisattva-cary-srotasi, ni-vartante sasra-sgara-gati-
[]
[] []
[]
[] pithanti sarvâksaâpya-dur-gati-vi-ni-pta-dvri/ vi-vcanti svarga-
nirva-dvram, vi-nir-bhindanti trai-dhtuka-nagara-kapam/ vi-vvanti sarva-
jñat-pura-dvra-kapam/ vi-jahanti sarvôpa-karaa-tsm/ ut-pdayanti sarva-jagat-
avocat - sdhu sdhu kula-putra, yat tvay an-ut-tary samyak-sa-bodhau cittam
ut-pditam/ na hi kula-putra an-ava-ropita-kuala-mln sattvn bodhya cittam
ut-padyate/


[ 0690c19]

[] mah-maitr-cittam sarva-jagat-sama-yogatyai,

dik-praty-ud-dee vi-harmi.
[]

[]
anuprva-nimna-su-sthit ca, an-eka-ratnâkara-vi-citrat ca,

cchannat ca, antar-purat ca anu-vi-cintayan/
[]
[
]

[] tasya mama kula-putra eva bhavati - asti na punar anya ka-cid iha
loke yo ’smn man-sgard vipula-tara ca vistra-tara ca aprama-tara ca
gambhra-tara ca vi-citra-tara ca/


mah-sgarasyâdhastn mah-padma prdur a-bh-t/
[]

[] mah-vairya-mai-ratnâvatasaka,
[] klânusri-candana-kalik-vyham,

[] daa-brahmêndra-ata-sahasra-mrdha-praatôpa-cra,
[]
[ ] daa-uddhâvsa-kyik-devat-ata-sahasra-ktâñjali-
[ ] daa-cakra-pari-varta-manu-jêndra-ata-sahasra-sapta-
[] daa-rucira-mai-ratna-ata-sahasra-vi-vidha-varôpa-
[]
[] bodhisattvâaya sa-pra-sthita,
kra-gua-sa-sthna-vara-vyha-paryanto ’dhi-gantum/

----------
pari-pra paymi/
paymi/
[]
buddha-vsabhitm, a-cintya buddha-vi-kurvitam, a-cinty tathgata-vara-
viuddhim, a-cintym ava-lokita-mrdhitm, a-cinty prabhta-jihvat paymi/
[]



uddhim, a-cintya pratisavid-balâbhinirhram anu-gacchmi/
][][]

darana-vijñapty-raya-vyha omi/
cintya sattvârtha-kya-pari-prâpti paymi//
[] sa ca me tathgato daksia pi pra-sr-ya, irasa pari-
mrj-ya,
visaya,
[] bodhisattva-cary-pra-bhvana,
[] sarva-mra-kali-pra-mardana,


sa-dhraymi pra-vartaymi pua ni-dhyymi eva-rpeôdgrahea.
[]

masi, su-meru-parvata-rja-mtra-kalama-sa-caya ksaya vrajet;
ekaikasmd dharma-dvr[d e]kaikasmd dharma-nayd ekaikasmd dharma-yone
ekaikasmd dharma-pada-pra-bhedt ksaya upa-labhyate, na natva v pary-dna
v pary-ava-sthna v pary-anta-nish v//
[]


samanta-netra dharma-paryyam ud-ghtavn/
[]
vartn pary-avâpnomi rutôdgahaa-dhray-lokâva-bhsena/
lokâva-bhsena/
dhray-lokâva-bhsena/
[ 0691b27]
bhmy-ava-craânu-gama-dhray-lokâva-bhsena/
lokâva-bhsena/
dhray-lokâva-bhsena/
dhray-lokâva-bhsena/

dhray-lokâva-bhsena/
dhray-lokâva-bhsena/
garbha-dhray-lokâva-bhsena/
[] ye ca me ke-cit sattv upa-sa-krmanti, prvasy dii
dev v deva-indr v ng v ngêndr v yaks v yaksêndr v asur v
asurêndr v garu v garuêndr v mahorag v mahoragêndr v manusy
v manusyêndr v brahma v brahmêndr v,
[]


[ ] tn sarvn atraiva samanta-netre tathgata-bodhisattva-
caryâva-bhse dharma-paryye prati-shpaymi ni-veaymi/
straymi uttn-karomi vi-varmi pra-muñcmi ava-bhsaymi/
samanta-netra 119
[]

[] yath purvasy dii, eva daksiy pacimy uttary
uttara-prvy purva-daksiy daksia-pacimy pacimôttary adha urdhvy
ca dia

[]
[]
120 2021
vaktu.
vartanatyai,


[ ] sarva-buddha-sgarâva-trn tathgata-pjôpa-sthna-
vasati/

mahsattvena bodhisattva-cary pari-odhayitavy//
bhikso pdau irasâbhi-vand-ya,
daksi-k-tya, ava-lok-ya, sgara-meghasya bhiksor antikt pra-krnta//
[]




paryya









“sam () + anta ()”universal
samanta-netra 123
on all sides; in all directionsall; entire5
“netra”√n netra
“samanta-netra”



ava-travipulaa-pra-
matan-antapuratadhi-vsanat
prati-cchannatgarbhasarva-dharma-
sgaraindriya-sgarajagat-citta-
sgarat-sgarasasra-sgara
jagan-mantra-sgarabodhisattva-sgara
bodhisattva-cary-samudragua-sgara
praidhna-sgarabuddha-samudrasarva-
jña-jñna-sgaraan-ut-taro jñna-sgara
ketra-sgara
sarva-dharma-dhtu-spharaat

bh-tmah-padma tathgata-


2011 255.
124 2021


6

pra-kayatisamanta-netra
nma dharma-paryyam
sarva-tathgata-viayabodhisattva-
cary-pra-bhvana

tn sarvn
hpaymi ni-veaymi
sarva-jagat-sa-grahasarva-sattva-pari-tra
sarva-jagat-sama-yogatsarva-



dharmat-sam-ud--craan-abhi-saskra-dharma-naya-
mudritaa-saga-dharma-nayânu-gata