saurashtra university · this thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been...

299
Saurashtra University Re – Accredited Grade ‘B’ by NAAC (CGPA 2.93) Upadhyay, Raksha H., 2009 િવાન અને ટેકનોલોિજના અધયાપન માટે કƠƜય ૂટર એઈડેડ ઇƛƨકશન (CAD) કાયમ, વકકાડ અને જૂથ અƚયાપન પƚધિતની અસરકારકતા, thesis PhD, Saurashtra University http://etheses.saurashtrauniversity.edu/id/eprint/5 Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Saurashtra University Theses Service http://etheses.saurashtrauniversity.edu [email protected] © The Author

Upload: others

Post on 18-Oct-2020

10 views

Category:

Documents


3 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

Saurashtra University Re – Accredited Grade ‘B’ by NAAC (CGPA 2.93)

Upadhyay, Raksha H., 2009 િવજ્ઞાન અને ટેકનોલોિજના અધયાપન માટે ક યટૂર એઈડેડ

ઇ ટ્રકશન (CAD) કાયર્ક્રમ, વકર્કાડર્ અને જૂથ અ યાપન પ ધિતની અસરકારકતા, thesis PhD,

Saurashtra University

http://etheses.saurashtrauniversity.edu/id/eprint/5 Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given.

Saurashtra University Theses Service http://etheses.saurashtrauniversity.edu

[email protected]

© The Author

Page 2: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

5|IMHS

Z1FF V[RP p5FwIFIZ1FF V[RP p5FwIFIZ1FF V[RP p5FwIFIZ1FF V[RP p5FwIFIZ1FF V[RP p5FwIFIV[DPV[;;LP4 EFJGUZ I]lGJl;"8L4 Z__ZV[DPV[0ŸP4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 Z__&

0MS8Z VMO lO,M;MOL slX1F6fGLp5FlW DF8[GF lGIDM VgJI[ ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8LDF\

ZH} SZJFDF\ VFJ[,

DCFlGA\WDCFlGA\WDCFlGA\WDCFlGA\WDCFlGA\WzLDTL H[P H[P S\]0l,IF U|[HI]V[8 8LR;" SM,[H4 ZFHSM8

s;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8LfZFHSM8

GJ[dAZ4 Z__)GJ[dAZ4 Z__)GJ[dAZ4 Z__)GJ[dAZ4 Z__)GJ[dAZ4 Z__)

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8ZlJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8ZlJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8ZlJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8ZlJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8ZV[.0[0 .g:8=SXG V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG (CAI)4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y

VwIF5G 5âlTGL V;ZSFZSTFVwIF5G 5âlTGL V;ZSFZSTFVwIF5G 5âlTGL V;ZSFZSTFVwIF5G 5âlTGL V;ZSFZSTFVwIF5G 5âlTGL V;ZSFZSTF

Effectiven

ess of C

om

pu

ter Aid

ed In

structio

n (C

AI), W

ork C

ard

and

Team Teach

ing

in S

cience an

d Tech

no

log

y

Raksha H

. Upadhyay

No

vemb

er, 2009P

h.D

Th

esis :

Effectiveness of Computer Aided Instruction(CAI) , Work Card and Team Teaching in

Science and Technology

Page 3: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

STATEMENT UNDER UNIVERSITYPh.D. RULES ORDI.Ph.D.7

I here by declare that

(a) The research work embodied in this thesis on """""Effectiveness ofEffectiveness ofEffectiveness ofEffectiveness ofEffectiveness of

Computer Aided Instruction (CAI), Work Card and Team Teaching inComputer Aided Instruction (CAI), Work Card and Team Teaching inComputer Aided Instruction (CAI), Work Card and Team Teaching inComputer Aided Instruction (CAI), Work Card and Team Teaching inComputer Aided Instruction (CAI), Work Card and Team Teaching in

Science and TechnologyScience and TechnologyScience and TechnologyScience and TechnologyScience and Technology""""". Submitted for Ph.D. degree has not been

submitted for any other degree of this or any other university on

any previous occasion.

(b) To the best of my knowledge no work of this type has been reported

on the above subject. Since I have discovered new relation of

facts, this work can be considered to be contributory to the

advancement of knowledge on psychology and education; and

(c) All the work presented in the thesis is original and wherever

references have been made to the work of others it has been clearly

indicated as such and the sources of information included in

the bibliography.

II

Signature of theResearch Student

Date :

Counter signed by theGuiding Teacher

Date :

Page 4: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide,

has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate

Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot. In fulfilment

of the requirements of the Degree of

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

Candidate :RAKSHA H. UPADHYAY

Title : Effectiveness of Computer Aided Instruction(CAI), Work Card and Team Teaching in

Science and Technology

Head :Dr. K. M. Donga

PrincipalSmt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate

Teachers' CollegeRajkot

Date :

CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

III

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8ZlJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8ZlJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8ZlJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8ZlJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z

V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG (CAI)4 JS"SF0" VG[4 JS"SF0" VG[4 JS"SF0" VG[4 JS"SF0" VG[4 JS"SF0" VG[

H}Y VwIF5G 5âlTGL V;ZSFZSTFH}Y VwIF5G 5âlTGL V;ZSFZSTFH}Y VwIF5G 5âlTGL V;ZSFZSTFH}Y VwIF5G 5âlTGL V;ZSFZSTFH}Y VwIF5G 5âlTGL V;ZSFZSTF

Guide :Dr. K. V. Rathod

ProfessorSmt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate

Teachers' CollegeRajkot

Date :

Page 5: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

k6 :JLSFZk6 :JLSFZk6 :JLSFZk6 :JLSFZk6 :JLSFZ

IV

;\XMWG V[ ;lCIFZ\] ;H"G K[P T[ DF+ V[S H jIlSTYL 5}6" Y. XST\] GYLP VG[S jIlSTVMGF

;FY ;CSFZYL ;\XMWG SFI" NL5L p9[ K[P U]Z]HGM4 VwIF5SU64 lJQFI lGQ6F\TM4 lJnFYL"VM4 X{1Fl6S

;\:YFVM VG[ 5|IMHSGF ;lCIFZF 5]Z]QFFY"YL ;\XMWG XSI AG[ K[P VF AWFGM ;CSFZ B}A H DCÀJGM

K[P

5|:T]T ;\XMWGDF\ VeIF;GL V[S GJL lNXF ATFJL T[ lNXFDF\ VFU/ JWJF ;TT 5|[Z6F VG[

:G[CEIF" DFU"NX"G äFZF DFZF 5|ItGG[ V[S pDNF ;\XMWG SFI" TZO ,. HGFZ DFZF DFU"NX"SzL

0F¶P S[PJLP ZF9M0GM VF ;\XMWG SFI"G[ X~VFTYL V\T ;]WL 5}6" SZJFDF\ BZM IX K[P C\] VF 5/[ T[DG[

VFNZ J\NG SZL V\ToSZ6 5}J"S k6 :JLSFZ SZTF\ WgITFGL ,FU6L VG]EJ\] K\]P

5|:T]T ;\XMWG SFI"DF\ 5MTFGF 7FGGM ,FE VF5GFZ lX1F6XF:+ EJGGF E}T5}J" VwI1F

0F¶P 0LPV[P pRF8 ;FC[A4 JT"DFG VwI1F 0F¶P V[RPVMP HMQFL ;FC[A4 0F¶P V[GPV[;P NM\UF ;FC[A4

0F¶P V[P0LP V\AF;6F VG[ 0F¶P V[DPV[;P DMl,IF ;FC[AGM VFEFZ DFG\] K\]P

5|:T]T ;\XMWG SFI"G[ D}T" :J~5 VF5JF DF8[ 5|IMUDF\ ,[JFI[,L XF/FVM zL DF;}D lJnF,IGF

VFRFI"zL X{,[QFEF. JMZF VG[ zL 5\RXL, lJnF,IGF VFRFI"zL DG;]BEF.4 A\G[ XF/FGF lX1FSM

VG[ 5|IMUDF\ ;FD[, JCF,F\ lJnFYL"VMGM 56 ;CQF" VFEFZ DFG\] K\]P ;TT p5IMUL YJFGL

EFJGFJF/F DFZF ;ìNIL lD+M 5|tI[ C\] 5|[DGL ,FU6L jIST SZ\] K\]P

5|:T]T ;\XMWG SFI"DF\ DNN~5 YGFZ TDFD TH7zLVMGM 56 VF TS[ ìNI5}J"S VFEFZ

DFG\] K\]P

DFZF ;\XMWG SFI"DF\ ;TT 5|Mt;FCG VF5GFZ DFZF DFTFvl5TF VG[ 5lZJFZGM VFEFZ DFG\]

K\]P T[DH DFZF VF ;\XMWG SFI"DF\ 0U,[G[ 5U,[ DG[ C}\O VG[ 5|Mt;FCG 5}Z\] 5F0GFZF DFZF 5lT

lCDF\X] VG[ DFZL lD+ HIzLGM SFI"GL ;O/TFDF\ OF/M ZæM K[P T[DGF 5|tI[ ìNIGL ,FU6L jIST SZ\]

K\]P VF ;\XMWG SFI"DF\ VF\S0FSLI U6TZL SZL 5'YÞZ6 VG[ VY"38GDF\ DNN~5 YGFZF DFZF lD+

lJHI 5|tI[ ìNIGL ,FU6L jIST SZ\] K\]P VF p5ZF\T Sd%I}8Z ;\A\WL SFI"G[ ;Z/ AGFJJFDF\ DNN~5

YGFZ WD["X N]WF+FGM VFEFZ DFG\] K\]P

Page 6: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

V

V\T[ H[DGF YSL VF ;\XMWG ;DI;Z VG[ :JrK ZLT[ XaNN[C[ VFSFZ 5FdI\] T[JF zL ZFH]EF.

HMQFLGM C\] VFEFZ DFG\] K\]P

H[DGF TZOYL 5|tI1F S[ 5ZM1F ;CSFZ4 pt;FC4 pD\U4 5|[Z6F D?IF K[ T[JF GFDLvVGFDL

;J["GM VFEFZ DFG\] K\]P

GJ[dAZ4 Z__) Z1FF V[RP p5FwIFIZ1FF V[RP p5FwIFIZ1FF V[RP p5FwIFIZ1FF V[RP p5FwIFIZ1FF V[RP p5FwIFI

ZFHSM8

Page 7: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

VG]ÌDl6SFVG]ÌDl6SFVG]ÌDl6SFVG]ÌDl6SFVG]ÌDl6SF

5|SZ65|SZ65|SZ65|SZ65|SZ6 lJUTlJUTlJUTlJUTlJUT 5'Q95'Q95'Q95'Q95'Q9S|DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \S S |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \S

v GFDFlEWFG 5'Q9 I

v V[SZFZ GFD\] II

v :JLS'lT 5|DF65+ III

v k6 :JLSFZ IV

v ;FZ6L ;}lR XIII

!P!P!P!P!P ;\XMWG ;D:IFGM 5lZRI;\XMWG ;D:IFGM 5lZRI;\XMWG ;D:IFGM 5lZRI;\XMWG ;D:IFGM 5lZRI;\XMWG ;D:IFGM 5lZRI !v!!!v!!!v!!!v!!!v!!

!P_ 5|:TFJGF !

!P! ;D:IFSYG !

!PZ VeIF;GF C[T]VM Z

!P# XaNMGL jIJCFZ] jIFbIFVM Z

!P$ VeIF;GL ptS<5GFVM #

!P5 VeIF;DF\ ;DFlJQ8 R,M &

!P& R,M JrR[GF ;\A\WM (

!P* ;\XMWGG\] 1F[+ (

!P( ;\XMWGGM 5|SFZ (

!P) VeIF;G\] DCÀJ )

!P!_ VeIF;GL 1F[+DIF"NFVM )

!P!! VeIF;GL SFI"~5Z[BF !_

!P!Z CJ[ 5KLGF\ 5|SZ6MG\] VFIMHG !!

ZPZPZPZPZP ;\A\lWT ;FlCtIGL ;DL1FF;\A\lWT ;FlCtIGL ;DL1FF;\A\lWT ;FlCtIGL ;DL1FF;\A\lWT ;FlCtIGL ;DL1FF;\A\lWT ;FlCtIGL ;DL1FF !Zv$(!Zv$(!Zv$(!Zv$(!Zv$(

ZP_ 5|:TFJGF !Z

ZP! ;{âF\lTS VFWFZM !Z

ZP!P! .gOD["XG 8[SŸGM,lH !Z

ZP!PZ lX1F61F[+[ Sd%I}8ZGM lJlGIMU !#

ZP!P# Sd%I}8Z VFWFlZT VwIIG !$

ZP!P$ Sd%I}8Z VFl;:8[0 .g:8=SXG q Sd%I}8Z

V[.0[0 ,lGÅU (CAI / CAL) !5

VI

Page 8: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

5|SZ65|SZ65|SZ65|SZ65|SZ6 lJUTlJUTlJUTlJUTlJUT 5'Q95'Q95'Q95'Q95'Q9S|DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \S S |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \S

ZP!P5 Sd%I}8Z D[G[H0 .g:8=SXG (CMI) !&

ZP!P& Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .J[<I]XG (CAE) VG[

Sd%I}8Z D[G[H0 .J[<I]XG (CME) !&

ZP!P* Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXGGF OFINFVM !*

ZPZ :JvVwIIG ;FlCtI !(

ZPZP! :JvVwIIG ;FlCtIG\] DCÀJ !(

ZPZPZ :JvVwIIG ;FlCtIGF 5|SFZM !(

ZPZP# JS"SF0" ;FlCtI !)

ZPZP#P! VY" !)

ZPZP#PZ ,F1Fl6STF !)

ZPZP#P# JS"SF0" ZRGFGF ;M5FGM Z_

ZPZP#P$ wIFGDF\ ZFBJFGL AFATM Z!

ZPZP#P5 JS"SF0" ;FDU|L Z!

ZPZP#P& DCÀJ Z!

ZP# H}Y VwIF5G ZZ

ZP$ jIFbIFG 5âlT Z#

ZP$P! VY" Z#

ZP$PZ wIFGDF\ ZFBJFGL AFATM Z#

ZP$P# DCÀJ Z$

ZP5 jIJCFZ] VFWFZM Z$

ZP& Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D 5Z YI[,F

5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGM ;FZF\X #(

ZP* JS"SF0" ;FlCtI 5Z YI[,F 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGM ;FZF\X $Z

ZP( H}Y VwIF5G 5Z YI[,F 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGM ;FZF\X $5

ZP) 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGL ,F1Fl6STFVMG\] lJ`,[QF6 $&

ZP)P! Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D ;\A\lWT ;\XMWGM $&

ZP)PZ JS"SF0" ;FlCtI ;\A\lWT ;\XMWGM $*

ZP)P# H}Y VwIF5G ;\A\lWT ;\XMWGM $*

ZP!_ 5|:T]T ;\XMWGGL lJX[QFTF $*

VII

Page 9: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

VIII

5|SZ65|SZ65|SZ65|SZ65|SZ6 lJUTlJUTlJUTlJUTlJUT 5'Q95'Q95'Q95'Q95'Q9S|DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \S S |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \S

#P#P#P#P#P ;\XMWG IMHGF VG[ T[GF VFWFZM;\XMWG IMHGF VG[ T[GF VFWFZM;\XMWG IMHGF VG[ T[GF VFWFZM;\XMWG IMHGF VG[ T[GF VFWFZM;\XMWG IMHGF VG[ T[GF VFWFZM $)v&)$)v&)$)v&)$)v&)$)v&)

#P_ 5|:TFJGF $)

#P! jIF5lJ`J $)

#PZ GD}GF 5;\NUL $)

#P# ;\XMWG 5âlT 5Z

#P#P! 5|FIMlUS ;\XMWGGL ,F1Fl6STFVM 5#

#P#PZ 5|IMU IMHGFGL 5|DF6E}TTF 5$

#P#P# CAI 5|tI[GF VlE5|FIM 5(

#P#P$ 5|FIMlUS ;\XMWGGL IMHGFVM 5)

#P#P5 5|:T]T VeIF;GL 5|FIMlUS IMHGF 5)

#P$ SFI"S|DGL DFJHT &!

#P5 p5SZ6 ;\ZRGF &!

#P5P! lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8L &!

#P& 5|IMUG\] VD,LSZ6 &!

#P* 5|IMU NZdIFG ,[JFI[, SF/Ò &&

#P( p5SZ6 ;\RF,G VG[ DFlCTLG\] V[S+LSZ6 &(

#P) p5SZ6 5ZGF\ 5|lTRFZMG\] U]6F\SG &(

#P!_ 5|F%T DFlCTL &(

#P!! DFlCTLGL 5'YÞZ6 5|lJlW &)

$P$P$P$P$P X{1Fl6S SFI"S|DGM lJSF; TYF JU"B\0DF\ lJlGIMUX{1Fl6S SFI"S|DGM lJSF; TYF JU"B\0DF\ lJlGIMUX{1Fl6S SFI"S|DGM lJSF; TYF JU"B\0DF\ lJlGIMUX{1Fl6S SFI"S|DGM lJSF; TYF JU"B\0DF\ lJlGIMUX{1Fl6S SFI"S|DGM lJSF; TYF JU"B\0DF\ lJlGIMU *_v)#*_v)#*_v)#*_v)#*_v)#

$P_ 5|:TFJGF *_

$P! lJQFIJ:T]GL 5;\NUL *_

$PZ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|DG\] lGDF"6 *!

$P# JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF (#

$P$ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlT DF8[G\] VFIMHG ()

$P5 jIFbIFG 5âlT DF8[GF 5F9 VFIMHG )Z

$P5P! 5F9 VFIMHGGF 38SM )Z

$P5PZ 5F9 VFIMHGG\] ;FDFgI :J~5 )#

Page 10: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

IX

5|SZ65|SZ65|SZ65|SZ65|SZ6 lJUTlJUTlJUTlJUTlJUT 5'Q95'Q95'Q95'Q95'Q9S|DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \S S |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \S

5P5P5P5P5P lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LGL ;\ZRGFlJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LGL ;\ZRGFlJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LGL ;\ZRGFlJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LGL ;\ZRGFlJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LGL ;\ZRGF

VG[ 5|DFl6SZ6VG[ 5|DFl6SZ6VG[ 5|DFl6SZ6VG[ 5|DFl6SZ6VG[ 5|DFl6SZ6 )$v!_5)$v!_5)$v!_5)$v!_5)$v!_5

5P_ 5|F:TFlJS )$

5P! l;lâ S;M8L ;\ZRGFGF ;M5FGM )$

;M5FGv! S;M8L DF8[ 5}JF"eIF; )$

;M5FGvZ5|FZ\lES S;M8LGL ZRGF )5

;M5FGv# TH7LI VlE5|FI )*

;M5FGv$ 5|FZ\lES S;M8LGL VHDFIX

VG[ S,D 5'YÞZ6 )(

;M5FGv5 S;M8LGF V\lTD :J~5GL ZRGF !_!

;M5FGv& V\lTD S;M8LGL VHDFIX !_Z

;M5FGv* S;M8LGL TSŸlGSL AFATM

sS;M8LG\] IYFYL"SZ6f !_#

5PZ l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGF\ 5|F%TF\SMGL ,F1Fl6STFVM !_$

&P&P&P&P&P DFlCTLGL ZH}VFT4 5'YÞZ6 VG[ VY"38GDFlCTLGL ZH}VFT4 5'YÞZ6 VG[ VY"38GDFlCTLGL ZH}VFT4 5'YÞZ6 VG[ VY"38GDFlCTLGL ZH}VFT4 5'YÞZ6 VG[ VY"38GDFlCTLGL ZH}VFT4 5'YÞZ6 VG[ VY"38G !_&v!Z#!_&v!Z#!_&v!Z#!_&v!Z#!_&v!Z#

&P_ 5|F:TFlJS !_&

&P! DFlCTLGL ZH}VFT !_&

&PZ DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 VG[ VY"38G !_*

&PZP! 5|IMU NZdIFG S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4

l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G

VG[ tvD}<I !_*

&PZP!P! CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[,

S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL

;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<I !_*

&PZP!PZ JS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZMGL

;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4

5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<I !_(

Page 11: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

5|SZ65|SZ65|SZ65|SZ65|SZ6 lJUTlJUTlJUTlJUTlJUT 5'Q95'Q95'Q95'Q95'Q9S|DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \S S |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \S

&PZP!P# H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[,

S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL

;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<I !_)

&PZP!P$ S]DFZMGF ;\NE"DF\ VwIF5G 5âlTVM

5|tI[GF 5|F%TF\SMG\] lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6 !!_

&PZP!P5 S]DFZMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM

CAI SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G

5|DF6[ TOFJT !!!

&PZPZ 5|IMU NZdIFG SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4

l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G

VG[ tvD}<I !!Z

&PZPZP! CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[,

SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL

;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<I !!Z

&PZPZPZ JS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL

;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4

5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<I !!#

&PZPZP# H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[,

SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL

;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<I !!$

&PZPZP$ SgIFVMGF ;\NE"DF\ VwIF5G 5âlTVM

5|tI[GF 5|F%TF\SMG\] lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6 !!5

&PZPZP5 SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM

CAI SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G

5|DF6[ TOFJT !!&

&PZP# 5|IMU NZdIFG S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4

l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G

VG[ tvD}<I !!*

X

Page 12: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

5|SZ65|SZ65|SZ65|SZ65|SZ6 lJUTlJUTlJUTlJUTlJUT 5'Q95'Q95'Q95'Q95'Q9S|DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \S S |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \S

&PZP#P! CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZM

VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL

;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<I !!*

&PZP#PZ JS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZM VG[

SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4

5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<I !!(

&PZP#P# H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZM

VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL

;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<I !!)

&PZP#P$ S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGF ;\NE"DF\ VwIF5G

5âlTVM 5|tI[GF 5|F%TF\SMG\] lJRZ6

5'YÞZ6 !Z_

&PZP#P5 S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM

5âlTVM CAI SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[

H}Y VwIF5G 5|DF6[ TOFJT !Z!

*P*P*P*P*P ;FZF\X4 TFZ6M4 Ol,TFYM" VG[ E,FD6M;FZF\X4 TFZ6M4 Ol,TFYM" VG[ E,FD6M;FZF\X4 TFZ6M4 Ol,TFYM" VG[ E,FD6M;FZF\X4 TFZ6M4 Ol,TFYM" VG[ E,FD6M;FZF\X4 TFZ6M4 Ol,TFYM" VG[ E,FD6M !Z$v!#$!Z$v!#$!Z$v!#$!Z$v!#$!Z$v!#$

*P_ 5|F:TFlJS !Z$

*P! VeIF;GM ;FZF\X !Z$

*PZ ptS<5GFGF ;\NE"DF\ VY"38G !Z$

*P# ;\XMWGGF TFZ6M !Z)

*P$ ;\XMWGGL VgI GL5HM !#Z

*P$P! Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 (CAI) SFI"S|D !#Z

*P$PZ JS"SF0" !#Z

*P$P# lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8L !#Z

*P5 5|F%T 5lZ6FDMGL RRF" !#Z

*P& ;\XMWGGF Ol,TFYM" !##

*P* EFlJ ;\XMWGM V\U[GL E,FD6M !#$

XI

Page 13: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

5|SZ65|SZ65|SZ65|SZ65|SZ6 lJUTlJUTlJUTlJUTlJUT 5'Q95'Q95'Q95'Q95'Q9S|DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \S S |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \S

;\NE";}lR;\NE";}lR;\NE";}lR;\NE";}lR;\NE";}lR !#5v!#)!#5v!#)!#5v!#)!#5v!#)!#5v!#)

5lZlXQ85lZlXQ85lZlXQ85lZlXQ85lZlXQ8 !$_vZ)Z!$_vZ)Z!$_vZ)Z!$_vZ)Z!$_vZ)Z

!P Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG (CAI) SFI"S|DGL ;LP0LP !$_

ZP JS"SF0" ;FlCtI !$!

#P :8MZL AM0" !()

$P Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG (CAI) SFI"S|DGF TH7LI

VlE5|FIM Z$_

5P :JFwIFI 5MYL Z$&

&P Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG (CAI) SFI"S|D VwIF5G

DFU"NlX"SF Z5Z

*P H}Y VwIF5G ;FlCtI Z5)

(P jIFbIFG 5âlT DF8[GF 5F9 VFIMHGM Z&$

)P lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8L Z($

!_P U]6F\SG RFJL Z(*

!!P lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8L 5Z lJnFYL"VMV[

D[/J[,F 5|F%TF\SM Z)!

XII

Page 14: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

;FZ6L ;}lR;FZ6L ;}lR;FZ6L ;}lR;FZ6L ;}lR;FZ6L ;}lR

;FZ6L;FZ6L;FZ6L;FZ6L;FZ6L XLQF "SXLQF "SXLQF "SXLQF "SXLQF "S 5'Q95'Q95'Q95'Q95'Q9S|DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \S S |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \S

ZP! Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG (CAI) SFI"S|D 5Z YI[,F 5]ZMUFDL

;\XMWGMGL ;\IMHGFtDS ;DL1FF Z5

ZPZ JS"SF0" 5Z YI[,F 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGL ;\IMHGFtDS ;DL1FF #!

ZP# H}Y VwIF5G 5Z YI[,F 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGL ;\IMHGFtDS ;DL1FF #&

#P! 5|IMU DF8[ 5;\N YI[,M GD}GM 5Z

#PZ RFZ H}Y4 IF¹lrKS 5F+M4 DF+ p¿ZS;M8L IMHGF &_

#P# S]DFZM 5Z 5|IMUGF VD,LSZ6G\] ;DI5+S &#

#P$ SgIFVM 5Z 5|IMUGF 5]GZFJT"G DF8[G\] ;DI5+S &5

$P! lJQFIJ:T] 5;\NUL DF8[GF TH7MGL IFNL *_

$PZ CAI SFI"S|D DF8[GF TH7MGL IFNL (Z

$P# JS"SF0" DF8[GF TH7MGL IFNL (&

$P$ 8LD8LlR\UGF lX1FSMGL IFNL )_

$P5 lJQFIJ:T]DF\ ;DFlJQ8 ;\S<5GFVM4 5|lS|IFVM4 ;D]NFIM T[DH

lJEFUMGL IFNL )!

5P! 5|FZ\lES lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LGL a<I]l5|g8 )&

5PZ TH7LI VlE5|FI DF8[ lGQ6F\TMGL IFNL )*

5P# S;M8L S,DMG\] ;Z/TF D}<I VG[ TFZJ6L D}<I ))

5P$ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LG\] 5}J" VFIMHG !_Z

5P5 GD}GFGL 5;\lNT XF/FGL lJUT !_#

5P& ;DU| S;M8LG\] VF\S0FSLI D}<I !_5

&P! CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ

5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<I !_*

&PZ JS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL

;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<I !_(

&P# H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ

5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<I !_)

&P$ S]DFZMGF 5|F%TF\SMG\] lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6 !!_

XIII

Page 15: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

;FZ6L;FZ6L;FZ6L;FZ6L;FZ6L XLQF "SXLQF "SXLQF "SXLQF "SXLQF "S 5'Q95'Q95'Q95'Q95'Q9S|DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \S S |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \SS |DF \S

&P5 S]DFZMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM CAI SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0"

VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5|DF6[ TOFJT !!!

&P& CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ

5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<I !!Z

&P* JS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL

;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<I !!#

&P( H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ

5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<I !!$

&P) SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMG\] lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6 !!5

&P!_ SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM CAI SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0"

VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5|DF6[ TOFJT !!&

&P!! CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4

l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<I !!*

&P!Z JS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4

l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<I !!(

&P!# H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4

l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<I !!)

&P!$ S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMG\] lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6 !Z_

&P!5 S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM CAI SFI"S|D4

JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5|DF6[ TOFJT !Z!

&P!& Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D V\U[ S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMV[

NXF"J[, VlE5|FIMGL VFJ'l¿VM VG[ χ² D}<I !ZZ

Page 16: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

1 1 1 1 15|SZ6 v !5|SZ6 v !5|SZ6 v !5|SZ6 v !5|SZ6 v !

;\XMWG ;D:IFGM 5lZRI;\XMWG ;D:IFGM 5lZRI;\XMWG ;D:IFGM 5lZRI;\XMWG ;D:IFGM 5lZRI;\XMWG ;D:IFGM 5lZRI

!P_!P_!P_!P_!P_ 5|:TFJGF5|:TFJGF5|:TFJGF5|:TFJGF5|:TFJGF

VFHGF I]UDF\ h05L J:TLJWFZM VG[ 7FGvDFlCTLGF lJ:OM8 TYF lJ7FG 8[SŸGM,lH 1F[+[

5lZJT"GMGF 5lZ6FD :J~5 VlT h05YL 5lZJT"G 5FDTF ;DFH ;FY[ SND lD,FJJF lX1F6DF\

8[SŸGM,lHGM p5IMU VtI\T VFJxIS AGL ZC[ K[P 5|FRLG ;DIYL VF56F JU"B\0MDF\ HM.V[ TM

JU"DF\ lX1FSG\] H 5|E]tJ HMJF D/[ K[P lJnFYL"VM DM8[ EFU[ lGlQS|I H ZC[ K[4 D}S zMTF AGLG[ H A[;L

ZC[ K[P lX1F6GL 5|lS|IFDF\ lJnFYL" H[8,M ;lS|I ZC[ T[8,\] VwIIG T[H:JL VG[ V;ZSFZS AG[ K[

VG[ lJnFYL"GL VF\TlZS XlST lJS;[ K[P :JvVwIIGGL H]NLvH]NL 5|I]lSTVM lJnFYL"VMDF\ ZC[,F

J{IlSTS TOFJTMG[ wIFGDF\ ZFBLG[ :JvUlTV[ VFU/ JWJFGL 5|[Z6F 5}ZL 5F0[ K[P VF p5ZF\T

5IF"JZ6GM DC¿D ,FE p9FJLG[ lX1F6SFI"DF\ J{7FlGSTF ,FJJL HM.V[P 5|UlTXL, XF/FGF lX1FS

lD+M ;FY[ D/LG[ VF DF8[ lJlJW jIJ:YFT\+ UM9JJF HM.V[ VG[ TNG]~5 lX1F6SFI" SZJ\] HM.V[P

V+[ p<,[BGLI K[ S[4 8LD 8LlR\U V[ V;ZSFZS lX1F6SFI" 5}J["GL V[S jIJ:YF K[P

5|IMHS 5|F6LXF:+GF VG]:GFTS K[P p5ZF\T H}Y VwIIG4 JS"SF0" VG[ Sd%I}8Z lJQFIS Z;

T[DH 5FIFGF SF{X<IMYL 7FT CMJFYL WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF c5|F6L5[XLVMc4

cJG:5lT JUL"SZ6c VG[ c5|F6L JUL"SZ6c V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ :JvVwIIG ;FlCtIGL 5|I]lSTVM

TZLS[ JS"SF0" VG[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF T[DH H}Y VwIF5GGL V;ZSFZSTF

X{1Fl6S l;lâGF ;\NE"DF\ RSF;JF 5|:T]T VeIF; CFY WIM" CTMP

!P!!P!!P!!P!!P! ;D:IF SYG;D:IF SYG;D:IF SYG;D:IF SYG;D:IF SYG

5|:T]T VeIF;GL ;D:IFG[ VF 5|DF6[ XaNAâ SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG slJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG slJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG slJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG slJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf4f4f4f4f4

JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlTGL V;ZSFZSTFJS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlTGL V;ZSFZSTFJS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlTGL V;ZSFZSTFJS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlTGL V;ZSFZSTFJS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlTGL V;ZSFZSTF

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF V[SD c5|F6L5[XLVMc4 cJG:5lT

JUL"SZ6c VG[ c5|F6LJUL"SZ6c 5;\N SZJFDF\ VFjIF CTFP H[GF VFWFZ[ :JvVwIIG 5|I]lST TZLS[

JS"SF0" ;FlCtI T{IFZ SZ[, VG[ CAI SFI"S|D MS-Office XP GF PowerPoint Presentation

Graphic Package DF\ T[DH H}Y VwIF5G SFI"S|D T{IFZ SZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP H[GL V;ZSFZSTF

S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL l;lâ 5Z T5F;JFDF\ VFJL CTLP

Page 17: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

2 2 2 2 2

!PZ!PZ!PZ!PZ!PZ VeIF;GF C[T]VMVeIF;GF C[T]VMVeIF;GF C[T]VMVeIF;GF C[T]VMVeIF;GF C[T]VM

5|:T]T VeIF;GF C[T]VM VF 5|DF6[GF CTFP

!P WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF\ 5;\lNT V[SDMGF\ VwIF5G DF8[ CAI SFI"S|DGL

;\ZRGF SZJLP

ZP WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF\ 5;\lNT V[SDMGF\ VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0"GL ZRGF

SZJLP

#P WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF\ 5;\lNT V[SDMGF\ VwIF5G DF8[ H}Y VwIF5G

SFI"S|DGL ZRGF SZJLP

$P WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF\ 5;\lNT V[SDMGF\ VwIF5G DF8[ U]HZFTL EFQFFDF\

5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8LGL ;\ZRGF SZJLP

5P WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF\ 5;\lNT V[SDMGL X{1Fl6S l;lâGF ;\NE"DF\ CAI4

JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlTGL V;ZSFZSTFGL T],GF SZJLP

!P#!P#!P#!P#!P# XaNGL jIJCFZ] jIFbIFVMXaNGL jIJCFZ] jIFbIFVMXaNGL jIJCFZ] jIFbIFVMXaNGL jIJCFZ] jIFbIFVMXaNGL jIJCFZ] jIFbIFVM

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ J5ZFI[,F\ S[8,FS lJlXQ8 XaNM H[ VY"DF\ 5|IMHJFDF\ VFjIF CTF T[ VF

5|DF6[ CTFP

!P!P!P!P!P Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sSd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sSd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sSd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sSd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf SFI"S|DP f SFI"S|DP f SFI"S|DP f SFI"S|DP f SFI"S|DP WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH

lJQFIGF c5|F6L5[XLVMc4 cJG:5lT JUL"SZ6c VG[ c5|F6L JUL"SZ6c V[SDMGF\ VwIF5G DF8[ VF V[SDMG\]

CAI SFI"S|DDF\ ~5F\TZ SZJFDF\ VFjI\]P VF DF8[ MS-Office GF Power-Point Presentation

Graphic Package DF\ T{IFZ SZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP VF SFI"S|DGF EFU~5[ lJnFYL"VM DF8[

VeIF;5+SM T{IFZ SZJFDF\ VFjIF CTFP VFH ZLT[ .,[S8=MlGS DLl0IF VG[ l5|g8 DLl0IF :J~5[

T{IFZ YI[, SFI"S|D Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D CTMP

ZPZPZPZPZP JS"SF0"P JS"SF0"P JS"SF0"P JS"SF0"P JS"SF0"P :JvVwIIGGL V[S 5|I]lST DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtI T{IFZ SZJFDF\ VFjI\] CT\]P

VF ;FlCtI ,[lBT :J~5G\] CT\]P lJnFYL"VM lX1FSGL DNN JUZ VF5D[/[ :JUlTV[ VwIIG SZL XS[

V[ AFATG[ wIFGDF\ ZFBL VF ;FlCtIGL ZRGF SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP VF ;FlCtIGL ZRGF SZJF DF8[

;F{ 5|YD 5;\lNT V[SDG[ GFGFvGFGF 5[8FV[SDDF\ JC[\RL N[JFDF\ VFjIM CTMP tIFZAFN 5|tI[S 5[8FV[SD

DF8[ V[S JS"SF0"GL ZRGF SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP 5|tI[S JS"SF0"GL X~VFTDF\ VeIF;GF C[T]VM

lJnFYL"VMDF\ V5[l1FT JT"Gv5lZJT"GGF :J~5[ :5Q8 SZ[,F CTFP DwIEFUDF\ 5[8FV[SDGL H~ZL

pNFCZ6 ;FY[ ;DH}TL VF5[,L CTL VG[ V\TDF\ H[vT[ 5[8FV[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ :JvD}<IF\SGGF 5|̀ GM

lJlJW :J~5[ VF5JFDF\ VFjIF CTFP lJnFYL"GL S1FFG[ wIFGDF\ ZFBL TDFD ZH}VFT ;Z/ EFQFFDF\

SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP

Page 18: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

3 3 3 3 3

#P#P#P#P#P H}Y VwIF5GP H}Y VwIF5GP H}Y VwIF5GP H}Y VwIF5GP H}Y VwIF5GP lJlJW VG[ 5}ZS XlST WZFJTL jIlSTVMGM ;DFG C[T] l;â WZJF

V\U[GM ;EFG ;\3 V[8,[ 8LDP 8LDv;\3GM VF VY" 8LD8LlR\UG[ VF ZLT[ XaNAâ SZL XS[P clJlJW

VG[ 5}ZS XlST WZFJTF XF/FGF SD"RFZLVMG\] ;DFG X{1Fl6S C[T] l;â SZJF DF8[G\] ;EFG ;\U9G

V[8,[ H}Y VwIF5GP H}Y VwIF5G V[ lJnFYL"VMGF4 lX1FSM VG[ XF/FGF\ DC¿D ;CSFZL p5IMU

;FY[GL V[S jIJ:YF K[P

!P$!P$!P$!P$!P$ VeIF;GL ptS<5GFVMVeIF;GL ptS<5GFVMVeIF;GL ptS<5GFVMVeIF;GL ptS<5GFVMVeIF;GL ptS<5GFVM

5|IMHS[ E}TSF/GF ;\XMWGM4 ;{âF\lTS TyIM VG[ ;\A\lWT ;FlCtIGF VeIF;GF VFWFZ[

;\XMWGSFI"G[ V\T[ 5|F%T YGFZF 5lZ6FDM V\U[ VUFpYL V\NFH AF\wIM CTMP H[G[ VFWFZ[ ;\XMWGGL

ptS<5GFVM ZRL CTLP 5|:T]T ;\XMWG VeIF;GL ptS<5GFVM VF 5|DF6[GL CTLP

lllll X}gI ptS<5GFX}gI ptS<5GFX}gI ptS<5GFX}gI ptS<5GFX}gI ptS<5GF

5|:T]T VeIF;GL X}gI ptS<5GFVM VF 5|DF6[ CTLP

!P 5|IMUG[ V\T[ CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}Yv!GF S]DFZMGL lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ jIFbIFG

5âlTYL VeIF; SZTF lGI\l+T H}YGF S]DFZMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T

l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIP

ZP 5|IMUG[ V\T[ JS"SF0" äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}YvZGF S]DFZMGL lJ7FG VG[

8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ jIFbIFG

5âlTYL VeIF; SZTF lGI\l+T H}YGF S]DFZMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T

l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIP

#P 5|IMUG[ V\T[ H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}Yv#GF S]DFZMGL lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ jIFbIFG

5âlTYL VeIF; SZTF lGI\l+T H}YGF S]DFZMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T

l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIP

$P 5|IMUGF\ V\T[ CAI SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5GGF VD,LSZ6 AFNGF lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGF S]DFZMGF X{1Fl6S 5|F%TF\SM JrR[

;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIP

5P 5|IMUGF\ V\T[ CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}Yv! GF S]DFZMGL lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ JS"SF0"

äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}YvZGF S]DFZMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T

l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIP

Page 19: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

4 4 4 4 4

&P 5|IMUGF\ V\T[ CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}Yv! GF S]DFZMGL lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ H}Y

VwIF5G äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}Yv#GF S]DFZMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH

lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ

CMIP

*P 5|IMUGF\ V\T[ JS"SF0" äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}YvZGF S]DFZMGL lJ7FG VG[

8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ H}Y VwIF5G

äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}Yv#GF S]DFZMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T

l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIP

(P 5|IMUG[ V\T[ CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VeIF; SZTL 5|FIMlUS H}Yv!GL SgIFVMGL lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ jIFbIFG

5âlTYL VeIF; SZTL lGI\l+T H}YGL SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL

5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIP

)P 5|IMUG[ V\T[ JS"SF0" äFZF VeIF; SZTL 5|FIMlUS H}YvZGL SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[

8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ jIFbIFG

5âlTYL VeIF; SZTL lGI\l+T H}YGL SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL

5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIP

!_P 5|IMUG[ V\T[ H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VeIF; SZTL 5|FIMlUS H}Yv#GL SgIFVMGL lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ jIFbIFG

5âlTYL VeIF; SZTL lGI\l+T H}YGF SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL

5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIP

!!P 5|IMUGF V\T[ CAI SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5GGF VD,LSZ6 AFNGF lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGF SgIFVMGF X{1Fl6S l;lâ 5|F%TF\SM

JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIP

!ZP 5|IMUGF\ V\T[ CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VeIF; SZTL 5|FIMlUS H}Yv!GL SgIFVMGL lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ JS"SF0"

äFZF VeIF; SZTL 5|FIMlUS H}YvZGL SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL

5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIP

Page 20: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

5 5 5 5 5

!#P 5|IMUGF\ V\T[ CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VeIF; SZTL 5|FIMlUS H}Yv!GL SgIFVMGL lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ H}Y

VwIF5G äFZF VeIF; SZTL 5|FIMlUS H}Yv#GL SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH

lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ

CMIP

!$P 5|IMUGF\ V\T[ JS"SF0" äFZF VeIF; SZTL 5|FIMlUS H}YvZGL SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[

8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ H}Y VwIF5G

äFZF VeIF; SZTL 5|FIMlUS H}Yv#GL SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL

5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIP

!5P 5|IMUG[ V\T[ CAI äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}Yv!GF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ jIFbIFG

5âlTYL VeIF; SZTF lGI\l+T H}YGF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH

lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ

CMIP

!&P 5|IMUG[ V\T[ JS"SF0" äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}YvZGF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ jIFbIFG

5âlTYL VeIF; SZTF lGI\l+T H}YGF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH

lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ

CMIP

!*P 5|IMUG[ V\T[ H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}Yv#GF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[

jIFbIFG 5âlTYL VeIF; SZTF lGI\l+T H}YGF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[

8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT

GCÄ CMIP

!(P 5|IMUGF V\T[ CAI SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5GGF VD,LSZ6 AFNGF lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGF X{1Fl6S

l;lâ 5|F%TF\SM JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIP

Page 21: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

6 6 6 6 6

!)P 5|IMUG[ V\T[ CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}Yv!GF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[

JS"SF0" äFZF VeIF; SZTF 5|FIMlUS H}YvZGF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[

8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT

GCÄ CMIP

Z_P 5|IMUG[ V\T[ CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}Yv!GF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[

H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VeIF; SZTF 5|FIMlUS H}Yv#GF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S

TOFJT GCÄ CMIP

Z!P 5|IMUG[ V\T[ JS"SF0" äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}YvZGF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ H}Y

VwIF5G äFZF VeIF; SZTF 5|FIMlUS H}Yv#GF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[

8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT

GCÄ CMIP

!P5!P5!P5!P5!P5 VeIF;DF\ ;DFlJQ8 R,MVeIF;DF\ ;DFlJQ8 R,MVeIF;DF\ ;DFlJQ8 R,MVeIF;DF\ ;DFlJQ8 R,MVeIF;DF\ ;DFlJQ8 R,M

5|FIMlUS S[ SFZ6 T],GFtDS VeIF;MDF\ R,MGF 5Z:5Z ;\A\W T5F;JFDF\ VFJ[ K[ V[8,[ S[

SM. V[S R,GL VgI R, 5Z XL V;Z YFI K[ T[ HF6JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P 5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ ;DFlJQ8

R,MGL lJUT VF 5|DF6[ K[P

!P!P!P!P!P :JT\+ R,P :JT\+ R,P :JT\+ R,P :JT\+ R,P :JT\+ R,P :JT\+ R, V[ V[JM R, K[ S[ H[ ,FU] 5F0JFYL S[ T[DF\ O[ZOFZ SZJFYL VgI

R, 5Z T[GL XL V;Z YFI K[ T[ HF6L XSFI K[P

S1FFVM

Page 22: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

7 7 7 7 7

5|:T]T ;\XMWG VeIF;DF\ :JT\+ R, TZLS[ VwIF5G 5âlT CTLP H[GL RFZ S1FFVM CTLP

:JT\+ R,

VwIF5G 5âlT

> CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G

>S1FFvZ

JS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G

>S1FFv#

H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G

>S1FFv$

5Z\5ZFUT 5âlT äFZF VwIF5G

S1FFVM

S1FFv!

ZPZPZPZPZP 5ZT\+ R,P 5ZT\+ R,P 5ZT\+ R,P 5ZT\+ R,P 5ZT\+ R,P :JT\+ R,GL V;Z H[ R, 5Z YFI K[ T[ R,G[ 5ZT\+ R, SC[ K[P

VwIF5G 5âlTVMGL V;Z lJnFYL"VMGL X{1Fl6S l;lâ 5Z RSF;JFGL CTLP VFYL X{1Fl6S l;lâ

5ZT\+ R, CTMP

#P#P#P#P#P V\S]lXT R,P V\S]lXT R,P V\S]lXT R,P V\S]lXT R,P V\S]lXT R,P ;\XMWG NZdIFG 5ZT\+ R, 5Z :JT\+ R, p5ZF\T VgI 5lZA/MGL

V;Z 56 YTL CMI K[P 5|IMHS VFJF R,M S[ 5lZA/M 5Z lGI\+6 ZFB[ K[P VFJF R,M V\S]lXT R,M

TZLS[ VM/BFI K[P 5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ s!f VeIF; S1FF4 sZf lJQFIJ:T]4 s#f XF/F4 s$f DFwID4

s5f 5IF"JZ64 s&f lJ:TFZ VG[ s*f VwIF5G ;DI V[ V\S]lXT R,M CTFP

$P$P$P$P$P VF\TZJTL"I R,P VF\TZJTL"I R,P VF\TZJTL"I R,P VF\TZJTL"I R,P VF\TZJTL"I R,P 5ZT\+ R, 5Z V;Z SZTF VgI R,M S[ H[G[ lGI\l+T SZJF D]xS[,

CMI VFJF R,MGL V;Z 5|tI1F HM. XSFTL GYLP 5Z\T] DF+ WFZ6F SZL XSFI K[ T[JF R,MG[ VF\TZJTL"I

R,M SC[ K[P

5|:T]T ;\XMWGDF\ VF\TZJTL"I R,M VF 5|DF6[GF CTFP

!P 5|IMU NZdIFG 5|FIMlUS VG[ lGI\l+T H}YGF\ 5F+M JrR[GL VF\TZlS|IFP

ZP VF\TZ J{IlSTS TOFJTM sH[JF S[ A]lâ S1FF4 JFRG 8[J4 VeIF;DF\ Z]lR4 8I]XG ;CFI4 S]8\]AG\]

X{1Fl6S 5IF"JZ6 JU[Z[Pf

#P VwIF5G 5âlT CAI4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5GG\] GFJLgIP

Page 23: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

8 8 8 8 8

!P&!P&!P&!P&!P& R,M JrR[GF ;\A\WMR,M JrR[GF ;\A\WMR,M JrR[GF ;\A\WMR,M JrR[GF ;\A\WMR,M JrR[GF ;\A\WM

5ZT\+ R,5ZT\+ R,5ZT\+ R,5ZT\+ R,5ZT\+ R,

X{1Fl6S l;lâ>^

:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,

VwIF5G 5âlT ^

>S1FF o !

CAI äFZF VwIF5G

>S1FF o Z

JS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G

>S1FF o #

H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G

>S1FF o $

5Z\5ZFUT 5âlT äFZF VwIF5G

l VeIF; S1FFl lJQFIJ:T]l XF/Fl DFwIDl 5IF"JZ6l lJ:TFZl VwIF5G ;DI

l H}YM JrR[GL VF\TZlS|IFl VwIF5G 5âlTG\] GFJLgIl J{IlSTS TOFJT

V\S]lXT R,MV\S]lXT R,MV\S]lXT R,MV\S]lXT R,MV\S]lXT R,M VF\TZJTL"I R,MVF\TZJTL"I R,MVF\TZJTL"I R,MVF\TZJTL"I R,MVF\TZJTL"I R,M

>

!P*!P*!P*!P*!P* ;\XMWGG\] 1F[+;\XMWGG\] 1F[+;\XMWGG\] 1F[+;\XMWGG\] 1F[+;\XMWGG\] 1F[+

5|:T]T VeIF; V\TU"T WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF\ lJQFIJ:T]GF\ VwIF5G

DF8[ Sd%I}8Z 8[SŸGM,lHGM p5IMU SZL Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5GGM

p5IMU SZ[, CTMP

5|IMU DF8[ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" ;FlCtI VG[ H}Y VwIF5G

SFI"S|D T{IFZ SZJFDF\ VFJ[, CTFP VF ¹lQ8V[ 5|:T]T VeIF; X{1Fl6S 8[SŸGM,lH VG[

VwIIGvVwIF5G 1F[+G[ :5X"TM CTMP

!P(!P(!P(!P(!P( ;\XMWGGM 5|SFZ;\XMWGGM 5|SFZ;\XMWGGM 5|SFZ;\XMWGGM 5|SFZ;\XMWGGM 5|SFZ

;\XMWGGF D]bItJ[ +6 5|SFZM 5F0JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P H[DF\ D}/UT4 jIFJCFlZS VG[ lS|IFtDS

;\XMWGGM ;DFJ[X YFI K[P 5|:T]T VeIF; ;{âF\lTS 7FGGF jIFJCFlZS p5IMU 5Z VFWFlZT K[P

VFYL VF VeIF; DF8[ ;\XMWGGM 5|SFZ jIFJCFlZS ;\XMWG U6FJL XSFIP 5|IMHS[ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0

.g:8=SXG sCAIf SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" T[DH H}Y VwIF5GGL V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JFGF ;\NE"DF\ VF

jIFJCFlZS ;\XMWG CFY WZ[, CT\]P p5ZF\T DFlCTL 5|Fl%T VG[ 5'YÞZ6GL ¹lQ8V[ ;\bIFtDS ;\XMWG

CT\]P

Page 24: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

9 9 9 9 9

!P)!P)!P)!P)!P) VeIF;G\] DCÀJVeIF;G\] DCÀJVeIF;G\] DCÀJVeIF;G\] DCÀJVeIF;G\] DCÀJ

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ 5|IMHS[ WMZ6 GJGF l\J7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF 5;\lNT V[SD 5Z

Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5GGL ZRGF SZL CTLP VF VeIF;G\]

DCÀJ VF 5|DF6[ U6FJL XSFIP

!P Sd%I}8Z 8[SŸGM,lHGM p5IMU VwIF5G NZlDIFG ;Z/TFYL VG[ V;ZSFZS XL ZLT[ YFI T[

DF8[ lX1FSMG[ DFU"NX"G D/L ZC[X[P

ZP X{1Fl6S 8[SŸGM,lHGF p5IMU äFZF ZMlH\NF lX1F6DF\ GFJLgI ,FJL XSFIP VwIIGvVwIF5G

5|lS|IF Z;5|N AGFJL XSFX[P

#P CAI SFI"S|D VG[ JS"SF0" GL VwIF5G ;FDU|L lJS;FJJF DF\UTF 5|IMHSM VG[ lX1FSMG[ 5|:T]T

VeIF; DFU"NX"G~5 AGL XSX[P

$P 5;\lNT V[SDM B}A H DFlCTL 5|WFG VG[ lJQFIJ:T]GF A\WFZ6GL ¹lQ8V[ Hl8, K[P T[G[ ;DHJF

DF8[ lJlJW lR+MGL H~Z 50[P VFJL ¹xI X{1Fl6S ;FDU|L ;Z/TFYL 5|F%I GYLP HIF\ ;]WL

lJnFYL" Z;5|N ZLT[ lGCF/[ GCÄ tIF\ ;]WL T[GL ;DH VW}ZL ZC[JFGLP DF8[ VF CAI SFI"S|D4

JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlT äFZF lX1F6SFI" SZJFYL lJnFYL"VMGL ;DH JWFZJF p5IMUL

AGL XSX[P

5P 5|:T]T ;\XMWGGF TFZ6MG[ wIFGDF\ ,. EFlJ 5|IMHSM T[ V\U[ VgI ;\XMWGM CFY WZL XSX[P

&P 5|FIMlUS ;\XMWG XL ZLT[ CFY WZL XSFI T[ V\U[ lX1FSM VG[ EFlJ 5|IMHSMG[ JFS[O SZL XSFX[P

!P!_!P!_!P!_!P!_!P!_ VeIF;GL 1F[+DIF"NFVMVeIF;GL 1F[+DIF"NFVMVeIF;GL 1F[+DIF"NFVMVeIF;GL 1F[+DIF"NFVMVeIF;GL 1F[+DIF"NFVM

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ 5|F%I ;DI4 XlST4 ;J,TM VG[ GF6F\G[ wIFGDF\ ZFBL H[vH[ AFATMG[

DIF"lNT AGFJJFDF\ VFJL CTL T[ VF 5|DF6[GL K[P

!P VeIF; DF+ ZFHSM8 XC[ZGL DFwIlDS XF/FVMGF WMZ6 GJGF lJnFYL"VM 5Z CFY WZJFDF\

VFjIM CTMP VFYL4 5|:T]T VeIF;GF\ 5lZ6FDM U|FdI lJ:TFZGF lJnFYL"VMG[ ;JFÅX[ ,FU]

5F0L XSFX[ GCÄP

ZP VeIF;DF\ VwIF5GG\] DFwID U]HZFTL EFQFF CT\]P 5|IMHS[ U]HZFTL DFwIDDF\ H p5SZ6MGL

;\ZRGF SZ[, CTLP

Page 25: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

10 10 10 10 10

#P 5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ 5|FIMlUS IMHGFGM VD, ;C[T]S XF/FVMDF\YL 5;\N SZ[,F GFGF H}YM 5Z

SZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP

$P 5|:T]T VeIF; WMZ6 GJGF lJnFYL"VMG[ H ,FU] 5F0JFDF\ VFjIM CTMP

5P VwIIGvVwIF5G ;FDU|L DF8[ RFZ DFwIDMGM H p5IMU SZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP H[ GLR[

5|DF6[ K[P

!P CAI SFI"S|D

ZP JS"SF0"

#P H}Y VwIF5G

$P jIFbIFG 5âlT

&P ;DU| ;\XMWG SFI" DF8[ WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF GLR[GF V[SDM 5;\N

SZJFDF\ VFJ[, CTFP

!P 5|F6L5[XLVM

ZP JG:5lT JUL"SZ6

#P 5|F6L JUL"SZ6

p5ZMST V[SD 5}ZT\] H VF ;\XMWG SFI" DIF"lNT K[P

!P!!!P!!!P!!!P!!!P!! VeIF;GL SFI"~5Z[BFVeIF;GL SFI"~5Z[BFVeIF;GL SFI"~5Z[BFVeIF;GL SFI"~5Z[BFVeIF;GL SFI"~5Z[BF

5|:T]T VeIF;GM C[T] Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5GGL

V;ZSFZSTF lJnFYL"VMGL X{1Fl6S l;lâGF ;\NE"DF\ RSF;JFGM CTMP VF DF8[ GLR[ D]HAGF ;M5FGM

VG];ZJFDF\ VFjIF CTFP

!P WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF V[SDMGL 5;\NULP

ZP TH7M4 lJQFI lGQ6F\T VG[ lJnFYL"VMGF ;CSFZ äFZF Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG4 JS"SF0" VG[

H}Y VwIF5G SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF SZJLP

#P 5;\lNT V[SDMGF ;\NE"GL lJQFIJ:T]G[ wIFGDF\ ZFBLG[ TF; VFIMHG T{IFZ SZJ\]P

$P X{1Fl6S l;lâGF DF5G DF8[ 5_ U]6GL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8LGL ;\ZRGF SZJLP

5P CAI SFI"S|D lJX[ lJnFYL"VMGL 5|lTlS|IF HF6JLP

&P A\G[ 5|IMUMDF\ ;DFlJQ8 RFZvRFZ H}YMGF 5F+MG\] 5ZT\+ R,GF ;\NE"DF\ U]6F\SG SZJ\]P

*P V\SXF:+LI 5|I]lST TZLS[ 8LvS;M8L VG[ SF.vJU" S;M8LGM p5IMU SZLG[ A\G[ 5|IMUGF

;\NE"DF\ 5'YÞZ6 SZJ\]P

Page 26: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

11 11 11 11 11

(P 5'YÞZ6 äFZF 5|F%T V\SXF:+LI D}<IM 5ZYL X}gI ptS<5GFGL RSF;6L SZJLP tIFZ AFN

plRT VY"38GM SZJF VG[ T[GF 5ZYL TFZ6M VG[ plRT Ol,TFYM" T{IFZ SZJFP

)P 5|IMUGF C[T]VMG[ VG]~5 XF/FVMGL 5;\NUL VG[ cRFZ H}Y IF¹lrKS 5F+M4 DF+ p¿ZS;M8L

IMHGFc V\TU"T 5|IMUMG\] VD,LSZ6 SZJ\]P

!P!Z!P!Z!P!Z!P!Z!P!Z CJ[ 5KLGF\ 5|SZ6MG\] VFIMHGCJ[ 5KLGF\ 5|SZ6MG\] VFIMHGCJ[ 5KLGF\ 5|SZ6MG\] VFIMHGCJ[ 5KLGF\ 5|SZ6MG\] VFIMHGCJ[ 5KLGF\ 5|SZ6MG\] VFIMHG

5|:T]T ;\XMWG VC[JF,G[ 5|IMHS[ S], ;FT 5|SZ6MDF\ lJEFlHT SZ[, K[P ;\A\lWT ;FlCtIGL

;DL1FF V[ VC[JF,G\] ALH\] 5|SZ6 K[P H[DF\ ;D:IFGF SFI"1F[+G[ VG]~5 ;{âF\lTS AFATM TYF 5}J["

YI[,F ;\XMWGMGL DFlCTL VF5[,L K[P 5|SZ6 +6DF\ ;DU| ;\XMWG SFI" IMHGFGL ;DH}TL VF5JFDF\

VFJ[,L K[P 5|SZ6 RFZDF\ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" ;FlCtI VG[ H}Y

VwIF5GGL lJUTM ZH} SZ[,L K[P 5|SZ6 5F\RDF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LGL ;\ZRGF VG[

5|DF6LSZ6 ZH} SZ[, K[P 5|SZ6 KõFDF\ 5|F%T DFlCTLGL ZH}VFT4 5'YÞZ6 VG[ VY"38G ZH} SZ[,F

K[P VC[JF,GF K[<,F 5|SZ6 ;FTDF\ ;DU| VeIF;GM ;FZF\X4 TFZ6M4 Ol,TFYM" VG[ EFlJ ;\XMWGM

DF8[GL E,FD6MGM ;DFJ[X SZJFDF\ VFjIM K[P

Page 27: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

12 12 12 12 125|SZ6 v Z5|SZ6 v Z5|SZ6 v Z5|SZ6 v Z5|SZ6 v Z

;\A\lWT ;FlCtIGL ;DL1FF;\A\lWT ;FlCtIGL ;DL1FF;\A\lWT ;FlCtIGL ;DL1FF;\A\lWT ;FlCtIGL ;DL1FF;\A\lWT ;FlCtIGL ;DL1FF

ZP_ZP_ZP_ZP_ZP_ 5|:TFJGF5|:TFJGF5|:TFJGF5|:TFJGF5|:TFJGF

;\XMWG X~ SZTF 5C[,F ;\XMWG ;D:IFG\] :5Q8LSZ6 D[/JJ\] ;\XMWS DF8[ H~ZL K[P VF DF8[

;\A\lWT ;FlCtIGM ê0F65}J"S VeIF; SZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP ;\NE" 5]:TSM4 ;FDlISM4 ,3]XMW lGA\WM4

DCFlGA\WM4 JU[Z[GM VeIF; SZJFYL ;\XMWS ;D:IFGF lJQFIJ:T]GL VG[ ;{âF\lTS DF/BFGL DFlCTL

5|F%T SZL XS[ K[P VFYL ;\XMWS[ 5MTFGF VeIF;GF C[T]VMG[ VG]~5 ;\A\lWT ;FlCtIGL ;DL1FF SZJL

H~ZL AG[ K[P 5|:T]T 5|SZ6DF\ VeIF;GF ;{âF\lTS VG[ jIJCFZ] VFWFZM lJUT[ ZH} SZJFDF\

VFjIF K[P

ZP!ZP!ZP!ZP!ZP! ;{âF\lTS VFWFZM;{âF\lTS VFWFZM;{âF\lTS VFWFZM;{âF\lTS VFWFZM;{âF\lTS VFWFZM

5|IMHS[ VCÄ CAI SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0"4 H}Y VwIF5G VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlTGF VwIIGvVwIF5G

SFI"S|DGL ;{âF\lTS E}lDSF lJX[ lJUT[ ZH}VFT SZL K[P

ZP!P!ZP!P!ZP!P!ZP!P!ZP!P! .gOMD["XG 8[SŸGM,lHP.gOMD["XG 8[SŸGM,lHP.gOMD["XG 8[SŸGM,lHP.gOMD["XG 8[SŸGM,lHP.gOMD["XG 8[SŸGM,lHP .gOMD["XG 8[SGM,lH V[ RMÞ; 5IF"JZ6DF\ .lrKT 5|SFZGL

DFlCTLG\] V[S+LSZ64 ;\U|C4 C:TM5IMHG4 ;\:SZ6 VG[ 5|tIFIGG]\ VFW]lGS lJ7FG K[P .gOMD["XG

8[SGM,lH V[ 5|tIFIG 8[SGM,lH VG[ Sd%I}8Z 8[SGM,lHGF ;\S,GYL 5|F%T YI[, DF.S|M .,[S8=MlGS;

VFWFlZT 8[SGM,lH K[P

;G;GJF, sZ___f .gOMD["XG 8[SGM,lHGL jIFbIF VF 5|DF6[ VF5[ K[P

"Information Technology can be defined as the use of hardware and software

for efficient management of information, that is storage, retrival processing,

communication, diffusion and sharing of information for social, economical and

cultural upliftment."

.gOMD["XG 8[SGM,lH V[ AC]lJnFSLI lJnFXFBF AGL R}SL K[P VFYL T[DF\ VeIF;M VG[ T[

VeIF;MGF\ 5lZ6FDMGF p5IMUGM jIF5 36M DM8M K[P VYF"TŸ .gOMD["XG 8[SGM,lHGF 1F[+G[ DIF"lNT

ZFBL XSFI T[D GYLP

.gOMD["XG 8[SGM,lHGF\ lX1F6DF\ SIF\ VG[ S. ZLT[ p5IMU Y. XS[ T[ DCÀJGM 5|`G K[P

lX1F6GF\ ;\NE"DF\ DFlCTL 8[SGM,lH lJnFXFBFG[ VF ZLT[ lJ`,[lQFT SZL XSFI o

Page 28: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

13 13 13 13 13

lX1F6DF\ .gOMD["XG 8[SGM,lH

5|tIFIG 8[SGM,lH Sd%I}8Z 8[SGM,lH

DFlCTLG\] 5|tIFIG JU"B\0DF\ JU"B\0DF\ EFQFFlJSF;:J~5 38SM VG[ 5|tIFIG 5|tIFIG IMHGFVM VG[ VwIIGDF\

l;âF\TM 5|lS|IF DM0<; VMO 8LRÄU 5|tIFIG

Sd%I}8Z Sd%I}8Z Sd%I}8Z Sd%I}8Z Sd%I}8Z

5lZRI SFI"5âlT G[8JS" lX1F6 VG[ D}<IF\SG ;\XMWGDF\

ZP!PZZP!PZZP!PZZP!PZZP!PZ lX1F61F[+[ Sd%I}8ZGM lJlGIMUPlX1F61F[+[ Sd%I}8ZGM lJlGIMUPlX1F61F[+[ Sd%I}8ZGM lJlGIMUPlX1F61F[+[ Sd%I}8ZGM lJlGIMUPlX1F61F[+[ Sd%I}8ZGM lJlGIMUP C[T]VM4 VwIF5G VG[ D}<IF\SG lX1F6 5|lS|IFGF\

D]bI +6 5lZDF6M K[P C[T]VMG[ wIFGDF\ ZFBL VwIF5G VG[ D}<IF\SG 5|lS|IFVM CFY WZJFDF\ VFJ[

K[P 5lüDGF\ N[XMDF\ lX1F6DF\ Sd%I}8;"GF\ p5IMUGM 5|FZ\E !)&_GF NFISFDF\ X~ YIMP HIFZ[

!)*_GF NFISFDF\ DF.S|M Sd%I}8;"GF VFUDGYL 5|FYlDS XF/FYL DF\0L I]lGJl;"8L S1FFV[ Sd%I}8;"GF

p5IMUGM jIF5 JwIMP

VwIF5GDF\ Sd%I}8;"GM p5IMU lJQFIJ:T] q DFlCTL ZH} SZJF VYJF lX1FSGL E}lDSF TZLS[

YFI K[P H[DF\ S;M8LVM äFZF VwI[TFVMGL ;DHGL RSF;6L YFI K[P Sd%I}8Z lX1FSGL E}lDSFDF\ CMI

TM T[JF 5|MU|FDDF\ D}<IF\SG T[GM V[S VUtIGM 38S AGL ZC[ K[P Sd%I}8Z 5|`G 5}K[ K[4 VwI[TF T[GM

p¿Z VF5[ K[P VF p¿ZGL TZT H RSF;6L Y. HFI K[ VG[ p¿ZGF\ BZF\vBM8F\56FGL HF6 ;FY[

IMuI 5|lT5MQF6 56 D/T\] ZC[ K[P BM8F p¿ZGF ;\NE"DF\ Sd%I}8Z SIF\4 S[JL E}, Y. K[ T[ TM NXF"J[

K[ VG[ ;FY[ ;FY[ V[GF DF8[ X\] SZJ\] T[G\] 56 ;}RG VF5[ K[P HIF\ ;]WL VwI[TF 5|E]tJ 5|F%T G SZ[ tIF\

;]WL Sd%I}8Z T[GL ;FY[ VF\TZlS|IF SZ[ K[P VFD4 p5RFZFtDS D}<IF\SG T[G\] HDF 5F;\] K[P

Sd%I}8;"GM VwIF5GDF\ p5IMU SZJFGF\ 36F ,FEM K[P

!P T[ H}YDF\ S[ jIlSTUT V[SvV[S ;FY[ VF\TZlS|IF SZ[ K[P lJnFYL"V[ VF5[,F p¿ZGF\ 5|SFZ 5|DF6[

T[ lJlJW ZLT[ 5|lTlS|IFVM VF5[ K[P

ZP VwI[TFVM 5MTFGL 1FDTF 5|DF6[ 5MTFGL h05[ VeIF;DF\ VFU/ JW[ K[P

#P Sd%I}8;" BF; SZLG[ V[JF lJQFIMGF\ VwIF5G DF8[ p5IMUL K[ S[ HIF\ ¹-LSZ6 DCÀJG\] CMI

K[P

$P VF 5|SFZGF\ p5IMUYL lX1FSGM AMH C/JM YFI K[P VFYL T[ VwI[TFVM 5Z jIlSTUT ZLT[ JW]

wIFG VF5L XS[ K[P

Page 29: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

14 14 14 14 14

5P Sd%I}8;"GM p5IMU lGNFGFtDS D}<IF\SG DF8[ z[Q9 ZLT[ Y. XS[ K[P

&P VwI[TFGL SRFXM N}Z SZJFGF\ p5FIM 56 Sd%I}8Z ATFJ[ K[P

*P Sd%I}8;"GM V[S DCÀJGM OFINM V[ K[ S[ H[VM 5MTFGF lD+M SZTF\ VeIF;DF\ WLDF K[ VG[

H[DG[ 5MTFGM p¿Z HFC[ZDF\ BM8M 50X[ V[JL X\SF K[4 T[DGF 5ZG\] DFGl;S TF6 56 Sd%I}8Z

VMK\] SZ[ K[P SFZ6 S[ Sd%I}8Z V\UT VG[ BFGUL ZLT[ VwI[TF ;FY[ VF\TZlS|IF SZ[ K[P

(P VF p5ZF\T h05L 5]GZFJT"G DF8[ Sd%I}8;" B}A H p5IMUL AG[ K[P

Sd%I}8;"GF p5IMUGL S[8,LS DIF"NFVM 56 K[P

!P lNG5|lTlNG Sd%I}8;" ;:TF YTF HFI K[P 5Z\T] T[DGM HF/J6L BR"4 ;HHTF DF8[GM BR" YM0M

JW] YFI K[P

ZP VwIF5GDF\ T[GF p5IMUYL DFGJLI VF\TZlS|IFDF\ 5F;FGL VJU6GF YFI K[P

#P ;F{YL DCÀJGL DIF"NF ;LWF H p5IMUDF\ ,. XSFI T[JF ;MOŸ8J[;"GL V5|F%ITF VG[ lJSF;

lGDF"6GL K[P

$P T{IFZ 8I]8MZLI, 5[S[H p5IMUSTF"GL AWL H X{1Fl6S DGMJ{7FlGS H~lZIFTM VG[ V5[1FFVM

EFuI[ H ;\TMQF[ K[P

5P VF 5|SFZGF ;MOŸ8J[Z lGDF"6GL 5|lS|IF 36L BRF"/4 ;DIGM EMU DF\UL ,[TL VG[ 8[SlGS,

SF{X<I VG[ 7FGGL V5[1FF ZFB[ K[P

ZP!P#ZP!P#ZP!P#ZP!P#ZP!P# Sd%I}8Z VFWFlZT VwIIG Sd%I}8Z VFWFlZT VwIIG Sd%I}8Z VFWFlZT VwIIG Sd%I}8Z VFWFlZT VwIIG Sd%I}8Z VFWFlZT VwIIG (Computer Based Instruction) (CBI)PPPPP lJXF/

HyYFDF\ DFlCTLGM ;\U|C SZJFGL4 TFlS"S U6TZLVM SZJFGL VG[ DFlCTLGL 5]Go 5|Fl%TGL 1FDTFVMG[

,LW[ Sd%I}8ZGM JU"B\0DF\ jIlSTUT ZLT[4 GFGF H}YDF\ VG[ N}ZJTL" lX1F6DF\ p5IMU SZL XSFI K[P T[

VwI[TFG[ DFlCTL 5}ZL 5F0[ K[4 XLBJF0[ K[4 5|lTRFZ DF\U[ K[4 5|lT5MQF6 VF5[ K[P 5lZ6FDGL HF6

SZ[ K[ VG[ T[GF VFU/GF VeIF;G[ H~lZIFT 5|DF6[ UM9J[ K[P

Sd%I}8Z VFWFlZT VwIF5G (CBI)4 GFGF H}Y sJU"B\0f4 jIlSTUT (individual) S[ N}ZJTL"

lX1F6 (Distance Education) DF8[ Y. XS[ K[P Sd%I}8Z VFWFlZT VwIF5G (CBI) V[8,[ V[S IF

ALHF :J~5[ Sd%I}8ZGF\ p5IMU äFZF VwIF5GGL E}lDSF lGEFJJLP

Sd%I}8Z VFWFlZT VwIF5G SFI"S|DDF\ Sd%I}8ZGL E}lDSF V,UvV,U 5|SFZGL CMI K[P

Page 30: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

15 15 15 15 15

Sd%I}8Z VFWFlZT VwIF5G (CBI) GF\ lJlJW :J~5M K[ VG[ T[VM lJlJW ZLT[ VM/BFI K[P

!P Sd%I}8Z p5IMU lX1FS TZLS[ YTM CMI T[ Sd%I}8Z VFl;:8[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf TZLS[ VM/BFI

K[ T[DH Sd%I}8Z A[.h0 8=[lG\U sCBIf TZLS[ 56 VM/BFI K[P

ZP Sd%I}8ZGM p5IMU JU"B\0DF\ X{1Fl6S ;FWG TZLS[ SZJFDF\ VFJ[ TM T[ CAI / CAL, Sd%I}8Z

V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG q ,lGÅU TZLS[ VM/BFI K[P

#P Sd%I}8ZGM p5IMU jIJ:YF5S TZLS[ SZJFDF\ VFJ[ TM T[ Sd%I}8Z D[G[H0 .g:8=SXG sCMIf

TZLS[ VM/BFI K[P Sd%I}8ZGM p5IMU D}<IF\SG SZJF VG[ 5ZL1FF ,[JF DF8[ SZJFDF\ VFJ[ TM T[

CAE / CME Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .J[<I]XG q Sd%I}8Z D[G[H0 V[ShFlDG[XG TZLS[ VM/BFI K[P

ZP!P$ZP!P$ZP!P$ZP!P$ZP!P$ Sd%I}8Z VFl;:8[0 .g:8=SXG q Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 ,lGÅU Sd%I}8Z VFl;:8[0 .g:8=SXG q Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 ,lGÅU Sd%I}8Z VFl;:8[0 .g:8=SXG q Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 ,lGÅU Sd%I}8Z VFl;:8[0 .g:8=SXG q Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 ,lGÅU Sd%I}8Z VFl;:8[0 .g:8=SXG q Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 ,lGÅU (CAI / CAL). I]PS[PDF\

Sd%I}8Z A[.h0 .g:8=SXGG[ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 ,lGÅU (CAL) TZLS[ VG[ I]PV[;PV[PDF\ T[G[ Sd%I}8Z

VFl;:8[0 .g:8=SXGYL VM/BFI K[P Sd%I}8ZGM p5IMU lJlJW ZLT[ lJlJW C[T]VM DF8[ YFI K[P

Sd%I}8Z cV[.0[0c4 cVFl;:8[0c VG[ cA[.h0c ;\S<5GF V[SALHFGF lJS<5[ J5ZFI K[P T[G[ cSd%I}8Z

D[G[H0 .g:8=SXGc YL S[ cSd%I}8Z A[.h0 8=[lG\Uc YL 56 VM/BFI K[P

5}6" :J~5[ lJS;FJ[,F CAI sSd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIF5Gf DF\ Sd%I}8Z lX1FSG\] :YFG ,[ K[P T[

VwI[TFG[ DFlCTL 5}ZL 5F0[ K[4 ¹-LSZ6 SZFJ[ K[4 DCFJZM VF5[ K[ VG[ 5]GZFJT"G 56 SZFJ[ K[P

;FYM;FY 5ZL1F6 SZL lGNFG SZ[ K[P p5RFZSFI"GL HJFANFZL 56 lGEFJ[ K[P VwIF5GG\] :J~5

VlES|lDT VwIIGG\] CMI K[P T[GM VlEUD Z{lBS S[ 5|XFBF :J~5 CM. XS[P CF,DF\ Sd%I}8Z äFZF

YTF VwIF5GGL V[S H DIF"NF K[ S[ T[DF\ 5|`GM JZ6L 5|SFZGF\ CMI K[P 5}lT" 5|SFZGF D]ST ;H"GFtDS

5|lTRFZMG[ :YFG GYLP

Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIF5G SFI"S|D q ;MOŸ8J[Z T{IFZ SZJF ;FZF 5|MU|FlD\U SF{X<IGL H~Z 50[

K[P H[ jIJ;FlIS 5|MU|FDZM 5F;[ H CMI K[P VF 5|SFZGF\ ;MOŸ8J[Z T{IFZ SZJF ;DI4 XlST VG[

GF6F\GM ;FZM V[JM BR" YFI K[P V[S jIlST VF 5|SFZGM ;MOŸ8J[Z EFuI[ H AGFJL XS[P VFJF ;MOŸ8J[Z

AGFJTF H}YDF\ 5|MU|FlD\U SF{X<I WZFJTF 5|MU|FDZ4 lJQFIJ:T] 5Z 5|E]tJ WZFJTF THŸ7 v lX1FS

VG[ VwIIG v VwIF5G4 X{1Fl6S VG[ DGMJ{7FlGS VFWFZMGL ;}h WZFJTF\ THŸ7 T[DH 5|tIFIG

SF{X<IGL HF6SFZL WZFJTF\ THŸ7GM ;DFJ[X YFI K[P VF 5|SFZGF ;MOŸ8J[Z T{IFZ SZJFGL 5|lS|IF

VlT Hl8, K[P

Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG q ;CFlIT VwIF5G SFI"S|D q ;MOŸ8J[Z T{IFZ SZJFDF\ lJQFIJ:T] q

DFlCTL ;LW[;LWL S|lDS VG[ TFlS"S ZLT[ ZH} SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P VF :J~5DF\ JU"B\0DF\ RMSvAM0" VG[

SYG SF{X<IGL DNNYL lX1FS jIFbIFG 5âlTYL H[ ZLT[ E6FJ[ K[4 ,UEU T[ H :J~5[ Sd%I}8Z äFZF

Page 31: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

16 16 16 16 16

DFlCTL ZH} SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P VwI[TFVMGL ;DH6GL RSF;6L YFI T[JM VFU|C CMTM GYLP lJQFIJ:T]GL

V;ZSFZS ZH}VFT DF8[ ;FZF 5|[hg8[XG ;MOŸ8J[ZGM p5IMU YFI K[P

;LWF :J~5DF\ ;MOŸ8J[Z T{IFZ SZJM ;Z/ K[P T[DF\ 5|MU|FlD\U SF{X<IMGL VlGJFI"TF GYLP

V[l%,S[XG 8}<;GM p5IMU SZL XSTL SM.56 jIlST VFJM ;MOŸ8J[Z T{IFZ SZL XS[ K[P T[ T{IFZ

SZJFDF\ ;DI VG[ XlST BR"JF 50[ K[P 56 VFlY"S ZLT[ VMKF BRF"/ K[ VG[ JU"B\0 VwIF5G DF8[

JW] plRT K[P H~lZIFTM 5|DF6[ lJS;FJ[,F VFJF ;MOŸ8J[ZG[ c8[.,Z D[.0 ;MOŸ8J[Zc SC[ K[P VF

5|SFZGF\ SFI"S|DDF\ Sd%I}8Z 5|tIFIGGF\ ;FWG TZLS[ J5ZFI K[P

ZP!P5ZP!P5ZP!P5ZP!P5ZP!P5 Sd%I}8Z D[G[H0 .g:8=SXG Sd%I}8Z D[G[H0 .g:8=SXG Sd%I}8Z D[G[H0 .g:8=SXG Sd%I}8Z D[G[H0 .g:8=SXG Sd%I}8Z D[G[H0 .g:8=SXG (CMI)PPPPP VF SFI"S|DDF\ Sd%I}8Z D[G[HZ S[ jIJ:YF5SGL

E}lDSF EHJ[ K[P T[ VwI[TFVMG[ ;}RGF VF5[ K[P VwI[TF 5|YD C[T]VM lGlüT SZ[ K[P tIFZ AFN

Sd%I}8ZPPPPP

!P XLBJFGF lJlJW :+MTM SIF K[ T[ ATFJ[ K[P

ZP SIF 5FGF 5ZYL SIF\ 5FGF ;]WLGM VeIF; SZJFGM K[ T[ H6FJ[ K[P

#P X\] X\] SZJFG\] K[ T[ ;}RJ[ K[P

$P VeIF;G[ V\T[ S;M8L VF5[ K[P

5P 5|lTRFZMG[ D},J[ K[P

&P 5|lT5MQF6 VF5[ K[P

Sd%I}8Z D[G[H0 .g:8=SXG V[ Sd%I}8Z VFl;:8[0 .g:8=SXG S[ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXGG[

D/T\] VFJ[ K[P VFD VwIF5GDF\ Sd%I}8ZGM lJlGIMU ,UEU V[S;ZBL ZLT[ YFI K[P

ZP!P&ZP!P&ZP!P&ZP!P&ZP!P& Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .J[<I]XG Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .J[<I]XG Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .J[<I]XG Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .J[<I]XG Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .J[<I]XG (CAE) VG[ Sd%I}8Z D[G[H0 .J[<I]XG VG[ Sd%I}8Z D[G[H0 .J[<I]XG VG[ Sd%I}8Z D[G[H0 .J[<I]XG VG[ Sd%I}8Z D[G[H0 .J[<I]XG VG[ Sd%I}8Z D[G[H0 .J[<I]XG (CME)PPPPP

Sd%I}8Z äFZF 5ZL1F6 VG[ D}<IF\SGGL 5|lS|IF CFY WZFI K[P CAE 5|SFZGM SFI"S|D +6 C[T]VM 5FZ

5F0[ K[P

!P 5|`GA[\S VG[ 5|`GMGL 5]Go5|Fl%T (Question Bank and Retrival)

ZP U]6F\SG VG[ 5|F%TF\SMG\] 5'YÞZ6 (Scoring and Analysis of Scores)

#P 7FG ;|MTG\] lGDF"6 (Creating knowledge Base)

Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 S[ D[G[H0 .J[<I]XG (CAE / CME) VwI[TFVMGF VwIF5GG\] D}<IF\SG SZ[

K[P D}<IF\SGGF lJlJW TASSFVM K[P H[DF\ VwIF5GLI C[T]VMGF lGDF"6YL X~ SZL 5lZ6FDGL HF6

;]WLGL 5|lS|IFGM ;DFJ[X YFI K[P CME GF\ ;M5FGM VF 5|DF6[ K[P

Page 32: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

17 17 17 17 17

!P lJQFIGF AWF H V[SDMGF\ C[T]VMG]\ lGWF"Z6

ZP S;M8L S,DMG\] VF,[BG

#P lJQFIGF\ lJQFIF\UM4 5|`G 5|SFZ4 U]64 ;DI4 S1FF JU[Z[ VG];FZ JUL"SZ6

$P l+5lZDFl6I ;FZ6LG\] lGDF"6

5P 5|`G5+G\] 5lZ~5 5|DF6[ lGDF"6

&P S;M8LG\] VD,LSZ6

*P 5|lTRFZMG\] U]6F\SG

(P V\SXF:+LI 5'YÞZ6 v Cut off point GSSL SZJM

)P jIlSTUT VG[ H}Y VG];FZ l;lâG\] D}<IF\SG

!_P 5lZ6FDGL HF6

Sd%I}8Z 8[SŸGM,lH ;FY[ VwIIG ;[JFVM VG[ VgI 8[SŸGM,lHGF ;\IMHGYL UD[ tIF\4 UD[

tIFZ[ prR D}<IMJF/\] ;\Sl,T VwIIG :YFG ,[ K[ H[G[ .,[S8=MlGS ,lGÅU S[ e-learning YL

VM/BFI K[P T[ lJlJW :+MTM4 VF\TZ 5|J'l¿VM4 1FDTFVMGF\ lJSF; DF8[GL ;CFI VG[ ;]VFIMlHT

VwIIG 5|J'l¿VM K[P VF V[S V[J\] 5âlTXF:+ K[ S[ H[DF\ lJlJW 8[SŸGM,lHGF\ p5IMUYL VwIIG

5|lS|IFG[ A/J¿Z AGFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P 8}\SDF\ Sd%I}8Z VFWFlZT SM.56 5|SFZGL XLBJFvXLBJJFGL

5|lS|IFGM .v,lGÅUDF\ ;DFJ[X YFI K[P

ZP!P*ZP!P*ZP!P*ZP!P*ZP!P* Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXGGF OFINFVMP Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXGGF OFINFVMP Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXGGF OFINFVMP Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXGGF OFINFVMP Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXGGF OFINFVMP VwIIGvVwIF5GGL VgI 5|I]lSTVM

SZTF\ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL lJX[QFTFVM VF D]HA J6"JL XSFIP

!P lJnFYL" :JvVwIIG :JvUlTYL SZL XS[ K[ S[ ;CSFZYL GFGF H}YDF\ XLBL XS[ K[P

ZP Sd%I}8Z äFZF VwIIGvVwIF5G NZlDIFG VwI[TFG[ ;TT 5|lTRFZ D/TM CMJFYL lX1F6SFI"

ÒJ\T AG[ K[P

#P 5MT[ VF5[,F 5|lTRFZMG[ VG]~5 5|lT5MQF6 TFtSFl,S D[/JL XS[ K[P

$P VwIIGGF TAÞFVM ;DIFG];FZ UM9JL XSFI K[P

5P lJnFYL" 5MTFGL HFT[ 5MTFGL ZLT[ VwIIG SZL XS[ K[P

&P D<8LDLl0IF 5|[hg8[XG äFZF lJlJW V5|tI1F VG]EJM 5}ZF 5F0L XSFI K[P

5|:T]T VeIF; V\TU"T Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D Microsoft Office XP GF\ MS

PowerPoint Presentation Application Tool äFZF T{IFZ SZJFDF\ VFjIM K[P VF 8[.,Z D[.0

5|MU|FDDF\ ,BF6 sTextf4 lR+M sPicturef VG[ JLl0IM lO<D sVideo Clipingsf GM p5IMU SZJFDF\

VFjIM K[P J/L lJlJW VeIF;GF lJEFUMG[ VG[ ;TT D}<IF\SG :J~5 lJnFYL"VMGL ;DH6GL

Page 33: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

18 18 18 18 18

RSF;6L SZTL S;M8LVMG\] 56 VFIMHG SZJFDF\ VFjI\] K[P lJnFYL"VMGL ;lS|ITF JWFZJF DF8[ T[VMG[

KF5[,F :JFwIFI 5+ 56 VF5JFDF\ VFjIF K[P VFD4 5|:T]T VeIF; V\TU"T Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0

.g:8=SXG VG[ Sd%I}8Z VFl;:8[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|DMG\] plRT ;\IMHG SZJFDF\ VFjI\] K[P

ZPZZPZZPZZPZZPZ :JvVwIIG ;FlCtI:JvVwIIG ;FlCtI:JvVwIIG ;FlCtI:JvVwIIG ;FlCtI:JvVwIIG ;FlCtI

:J VwIIG ;FlCtI V[8,[ "The presentation of contents is such that one can

understand without the help of teacher is called self instruction."

D[0D DMg8[;ZLGF XaNMDF\ HM.V[ TM4 "Self education is the best educational method

by which the child learns in his own way and at his own rate."

p5ZMST jIFbIFVM 5ZYL TFZJL XSFI S[ :JvVwIIG V[ lJnFYL"GL lX1FSGL U[ZCFHZLDF\

5MTFGL VG]S}/TFV[ VeIF; SZJF DF8[ T{IFZ SZ[,\] ;FlCtI K[P T[DF\ lJQFIJ:T]GL ZH}VFT GFGFvGFGF

D]¡FVMDF\4 pNFCZ6 ;FY[ VG[ ;Z/EFQFFDF\ SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P lJnFYL"VMGF J{IlSTS TOFJTMGF ;\NE["

VwIIG DF8[ VF 5âlTG\] DCÀJ VFH[ 36\] HMJF D/[ K[P

ZPZP!ZPZP!ZPZP!ZPZP!ZPZP! :J VwIIG ;FlCtIG\] DCÀJP:J VwIIG ;FlCtIG\] DCÀJP:J VwIIG ;FlCtIG\] DCÀJP:J VwIIG ;FlCtIG\] DCÀJP:J VwIIG ;FlCtIG\] DCÀJP JT"DFG ;DIDF\ VG[S XF/FVMDF\ :J VwIIG ;FlCtI

äFZF lJnFYL"VMG[ lX1F6 VF5JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P T[ T[GF VF D]HAGF DCÀJGM :JLSFZ NXF"J[ K[P

!P T[ 5|tI1F lX1F6 VG[ 5F9I5]:TS V[D A[J0L E}lDSF 5}ZL 5F0[ K[P

ZP lJnFYL"G[ VeIF; 5|tI[ VlED]B SZ[ K[P

#P lJnFYL"G[ 5MTFGL 5|UlTGM bIF, TFtSFl,S VF5[ K[P 5lZ6FD[ :J5|lT5]lQ8 5}ZL 5F0[ K[P

$P VwIIG J:T] RMSS; S|DDF\ UM9JFI[, CMJFYL AMWFtDS ;\ZRGFDF\ VwIFl5T J:T] JWFZ[

l:YZTF 5|F%T SZ[ K[P

5P VwIIG J:T]G\] VwIIG X~ SZTF\ 5C[,F\ T[G\] VwIIG S[D SZJ\] T[G\] lJnFYL"G[ X~VFTDF\ H

DFU"NX"G D/T\] CMJFYL lJnFYL" lJGF VJZMW[ VFU/ JWL XS[ K[P

&P VwI[TFG[ 5MTFGL h05[ VG[ 5MTFGL VG]S}/TFV[ VwIIG SZJFGL TS VF5[ K[P

*P T[H:JL lJnFYL"VMG[ 5MTFGL XlSTVMGM DC¿D p5IMU SZJFGL TS CMI K[P

ZPZPZZPZPZZPZPZZPZPZZPZPZ :JvVwIIG ;FlCtIGF 5|SFZMP :JvVwIIG ;FlCtIGF 5|SFZMP :JvVwIIG ;FlCtIGF 5|SFZMP :JvVwIIG ;FlCtIGF 5|SFZMP :JvVwIIG ;FlCtIGF 5|SFZMP :JvVwIIG ;FlCtIGL 36L 5|I]lSTVM K[P T[

5{SLGL S[8,LS VF 5|DF6[ K[P s!f VlES|lDT VwIIG4 sZf :JFwIFI 5âlT4 s#f JS"SF0" 5âlT4

s$f ;Z/ VwIIG 5âlT VG[ s5f DM0I],P

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF SZL T[GL VHDFIX SZJFDF\ VFJ[,L CTLP

Page 34: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

19 19 19 19 19

ZPZP#ZPZP#ZPZP#ZPZP#ZPZP# JS"SF0" ;FlCtIP JS"SF0" ;FlCtIP JS"SF0" ;FlCtIP JS"SF0" ;FlCtIP JS"SF0" ;FlCtIP :JvVwIIG ;FDU|L TZLS[ JS"SF0"GM p5IMU 5|:T]T VeIF;DF\

SZJFDF\ VFjIM K[P JS"SF0"GM VY"4 ,F1Fl6STF4 ;M5FG4 wIFGDF\ ZFBJFGL AFATM VG[ DCÀJ VF

D]HA K[P

ZPZP#P!ZPZP#P!ZPZP#P!ZPZP#P!ZPZP#P! VY"P VY"P VY"P VY"P VY"P 0G ZL8F VG[ 0G S[G[7GF DT 5|DF6[4 "A curiculum work card is a single

unit or topic initially out lined by the teacher and selected from a predetermined

course of study it is expanded or restricted for, use based on the teacher's diagnosis

of each child's academic strengths, weakness and learning style."

0[Z[S ZMJ[g8=LGF DT 5|DF6[4 "Each work card would represent the minimum amount

of material a learner might usefully tackle at a single study session. This motion

is useful both to learners in scheduling their learner sessions and to the developers

of moderials in planning their teaching."

p5ZMST jIFbIFVMG[ VFWFZ[ SCL XSFI S[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtI V[8,[ 5;\lNT V[SD DF8[ lJnFYL"GL

S1FFG[ wIFGDF\ ZFBLG[ T¡G ;Z/ EFQFFDF\ T{IFZ SZ[, ;FlCtIP VF 5|SFZGF ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF SZJF

DF8[ ;F{5|YD SM. 56 V[SDG[ GFGFvGFGF D]¡FVMDF\ JC[\RJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P tIFZAFN 5|tIS[ D]¡F DF8[

V[S V[ ZLT[ JS"SF0" T{IFZ YFI K[P 5|tI[S JS"SF0"GL X~VFTDF\ VwIIGGL GL5H ~5[ C[T]VMGL HF6

SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P tIFZ AFN H[vT[ V[SDGL pNFCZ6M ;lCT ;Z/ ;DH}TL VF5JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P V\TDF\

lJnFYL"GL 5|J'l¿ RSF;JF DF8[ :J D}<IF\SGGF 5|`GM VF5JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

JS"SF0" V[ VeIF;G\] :JI\ A\WFI[,\] DF/B\] K[ S[ H[ lJnFYL"VMG[ GLR[ D]HA :5Q8 lGN["X SZ[ K[P

!P lJnFYL"VMG[ X\] XLBJFGL H~Z K[P

ZP H[ XLBJFGL H~Z CMI T[ 5]:TSM4 ;FDlISM S[ p5SZ6M äFZF XLBL XS[ K[P

#P T[ H[GF J0[ XLbIM K[ T[GM ;H"GFtDS ZLT[ p5IMU SZL XS[ VG[ 5lZ6FD[ T[GL XlST ¹- AG[P

$P 5MT[ H[ XLbI\] K[ S[ ;H"G SIÅ] K[ T[GF lJX[ VgI jIlST ;FY[ RRF" SZL XS[P

X{1Fl6S XaNSMQF 5|DF6[ T[ V[J\] ;FlCtI K[ S[ H[DF\ ZC[,L DFlCTL V[JL ZLT[ T{IFZ SZJFDF\ VFJL

CMI K[ S[ H[YL lJnFYL" :JT\+ ZLT[ SFI" SZL XS[P

ZP#P#PZZP#P#PZZP#P#PZZP#P#PZZP#P#PZ ,F1Fl6STFP ,F1Fl6STFP ,F1Fl6STFP ,F1Fl6STFP ,F1Fl6STFP JS"SF0"GL ,F1Fl6STF VF D]HA K[P

v lJnFYL"GL S1FF 5|DF6[ ;Z/ EFQFFDF\ T{IFZ YI[,\] ;FlCtI K[P

v 5|tI[S D]¡F DF8[ V[S JS"SF0" CMI K[P

Page 35: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

20 20 20 20 20

v lJQFIJ:T]GM C[T] :5Q8 SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

v lJQFIJ:T]G[ V\T[ ;Z/ EFQFFDF\ 5|`GM VF5[,F CMI K[P

v 5|̀ GMGF HJFA 5|̀ G5+GL V\NZ 5|̀ GGL GLR[ VYJF VgI p¿Z5MYLDF\ VF5JFGF CMI K[P

v :JvVwIIG ;FlCtI CMJFYL lX1FS H~Z 50[ TM H DFU"NX"G VF5[ K[P

ZPZP#P#ZPZP#P#ZPZP#P#ZPZP#P#ZPZP#P# JS"SF0" ZRGFGF ;M5FGP JS"SF0" ZRGFGF ;M5FGP JS"SF0" ZRGFGF ;M5FGP JS"SF0" ZRGFGF ;M5FGP JS"SF0" ZRGFGF ;M5FGP JS"SF0" ZRGFGF ;M5FGM VF ZLT[ NXF"JL XSFIP

;M5FGv!;M5FGv!;M5FGv!;M5FGv!;M5FGv! lJQFIJ:T]GL 5;\NULP lJQFIJ:T]GL 5;\NULP lJQFIJ:T]GL 5;\NULP lJQFIJ:T]GL 5;\NULP lJQFIJ:T]GL 5;\NULP JS"SF0" DF8[ H[ T[ lJQFI DF8[ H[ V[SDMG\] lX1F6SFI"

SZJFG\] CMI K[ T[GF RMÞ; V[SDM 5;\N SZJF V[ VUtIGL AFAT K[P lJnFYL"VMGL S1FFG[ wIFGDF\

ZFBLG[ VF 5;\NUL SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

;M5FGvZ;M5FGvZ;M5FGvZ;M5FGvZ;M5FGvZ lJQFIJ:T]G\] 5'YÞZ6P lJQFIJ:T]G\] 5'YÞZ6P lJQFIJ:T]G\] 5'YÞZ6P lJQFIJ:T]G\] 5'YÞZ6P lJQFIJ:T]G\] 5'YÞZ6P 5;\N SZFI[,F V[SDMG[ GFGF GFGF D]¡FVMDF\ lJEFlHT

SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P lJQFIJ:T]G[ B}A H ;Z/ ZLT[ lJnFYL"VM ;DÒ XS[ T[JL EFQFFDF\ GFGF GFGF D]¡FVMDF\

JC[\RJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P H~Z H6FI tIF\ VFS'lT äFZF 56 lJQFIJ:T] JW] :5Q8 SZL XSFI K[P VFD V[SDGL

;DU| lJQFIJ:T] lJnFYL"VM ;D1F JS"SF0"DF\ ;Z/ EFQFFDF\ ZH} SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P tIFZAFN lJnFYL" VF

lJQFIJ:T] AZFAZ ;DHIM K[ S[ GCÄ T[ HF6JF DF8[ T[GL GLR[ D}<IF\SG DF8[ GFGF GFGF 5|`GM D}SJFDF\

VFJ[ K[P NZ[S 5|`GGF HJFA XLB[,L lJQFIJ:T]G[ VFWFZ[ VF5L XS[ T[JF 5|`GM CMJF HM.V[P VMKF

XaNMDF\ HJFA VF5L XS[ T[ DF8[ VGFtD,1FL VG[ ,3]HJFAL 5|̀ GMGM VFWFZ ,[JMP HJFA ,BJF

DF8[ V,U HJFA5+ VF5JFGL jIJ:YF lJRFZL ,[JLP 5|`GMGL ;\bIF V[8,L ZFBJL S[ H[YL lJQFI

J:T] 5}ZF 5|DF6DF\ VFJZL XSFIP

;M5FGv#;M5FGv#;M5FGv#;M5FGv#;M5FGv# THŸ7MGF VlE5|FIP THŸ7MGF VlE5|FIP THŸ7MGF VlE5|FIP THŸ7MGF VlE5|FIP THŸ7MGF VlE5|FIP T{IFZ YI[,\] JS"SF0" lJQFIJ:T] lX1F6GF lGQ6F\TMGF

VlE5|FI DF8[ DMS,J\]P VG]S}/TF CMI TM THŸ7MGL ~A~ D],FSFTYL 36L AFATM JW] :5Q8 Y. XS[

K[P THŸ7MDF\ VG]EJL lX1FSM4 VwIF5SM VG[ VFRFIM"GM ;DFJ[X SZJMP THŸ7 lJQFIJ:T]GM lGQ6F\T

CMI T[ H~ZL K[P THŸ7MGF VlE5|FIGF VFWFZ[ JS"SF0"G\] :J~54 T[DF\ J5ZFI[,L EFQFF4 lJQFIJ:T]G\]

5|DF6 VG[ 5|`GMGF D}<IF\SG lJEFUDF\ H~ZL O[ZOFZM SZJ VG[ GFGF ;D}CG[ 5}J"5|FYlDS VHDFIX

DF8[ VF5J\]P

;M5FGv$;M5FGv$;M5FGv$;M5FGv$;M5FGv$ 5}J"5|FYlDS VHDFIXP 5}J"5|FYlDS VHDFIXP 5}J"5|FYlDS VHDFIXP 5}J"5|FYlDS VHDFIXP 5}J"5|FYlDS VHDFIXP lJnFYL"VMGF GFGF H}YG[ VHDFIX DF8[ JS"SF0" äFZF

VwIF5G SFI" SZJ\]P S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVM A\G[GM ;DFJ[X SZJMP lJnFYL"VM JS"SF0"GM p5IMU S. ZLT[

SZ[ T[GL :5Q8 ;}RGF VF5JLP JS"SF0"GM p5IMU SZLG[ lX1F6SFI" YFI TM T[DF\ p5IMU SZTL JBT[ S.

D]xS[,LVM 50[ K[ T[GM bIF, VFJ[ K[ VG[ NZ[S JS"SF0" NL9 S[8,M ;DI HM.V[ T[ GÞL SZL XSFI K[P

VFGF VFWFZ[ JS"SF0"G\] V\lTD :J~5 T{IFZ SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

Page 36: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

21 21 21 21 21

;M5FGv5;M5FGv5;M5FGv5;M5FGv5;M5FGv5 V\lTD :J~5GL ZRGFP V\lTD :J~5GL ZRGFP V\lTD :J~5GL ZRGFP V\lTD :J~5GL ZRGFP V\lTD :J~5GL ZRGFP THŸ7MGF VlE5|FI VG[ 5}J"5|FYlDS VHDFIXGF

VFWFZ[ JS"SF0"G\] V\lTD :J~5 T{IFZ SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P T[DF\ D]bI +6 EFU CMI K[P ;}RGF4 lJQFIJ:T]G\]

5'YÞZ6 VG[ D}<IF\SGP D}<IF\SG äFZF lJnFYL"G[ ;DU| V[SDGL lJQFIJ:T] ;DHJFDF\ SIF\ TS,LO

50[ T[ HF6L XSFI K[P X]â HM06LDF\ lJnFYL"VM DF8[ V\lTD :J~5 T{IFZ SZLG[ 5KL p5IMU DF8[

VF5L XSFI K[P J/L VFBM V[SD XLBJJF DF8[ S[8,F JS"SF0" T{IFZ SZJF 50X[ T[GM bIF, VFJ[ K[P

AGL XS[ TM JS"SF0"GL ;\bIF 5}ZTF 5|DF6DF\ ZFBJLP

ZPZP#P$ZPZP#P$ZPZP#P$ZPZP#P$ZPZP#P$ wIFGDF\ ZFBJFGL AFATMP wIFGDF\ ZFBJFGL AFATMP wIFGDF\ ZFBJFGL AFATMP wIFGDF\ ZFBJFGL AFATMP wIFGDF\ ZFBJFGL AFATMP JS"SF0" ;\ZRGFDF\ GLR[GL AFATM wIFGDF\ ZFBJLP

!P lJQFIJ:T]GF D]¡FVMGL ;\bIF 5}ZTL GÞL SZJLP

ZP lJQFIJ:T] 5F9I5]:TS VFWFlZT T{IFZ SZJ\]P

#P V[S JS"SF0" 5}Z\] SZJF DF8[ S[8,M ;DI ,FUX[ T[ GÞL SZL ,[JMP

$P JS"SF0" X~ SZTF\ 5C[,F\ ;}RGFVM :5Q8 ZLT[ ;DHFJJLP

5P lJQFI lX1FS[ 5MT[ JS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G SZJ\]P

&P EFQFFGL HM06L X]â CMJL HM.V[P

*P JS"SF0"GL EFQFF ;Z/ ZFBJL H[YL lJnFYL"VM ;C[,F.YL ;DÒ XS[P

(P JS"SF0"GL lJQFIJ:T] V\U[GF 5|`GMGL ;\bIF NZ[S lJQFIJ:T] VFJZL ,[JFI T[8,L ZFBJLP

)P HJFA S. ZLT[ VF5JFGM K[ T[GL :5Q8TF SZJLP

!_P V[S JS"SF0"G\] VwIF5G 5}Z\] YIF 5KL H ALH\] JS"SF0" JF5ZJ\]P

ZPZP#P5ZPZP#P5ZPZP#P5ZPZP#P5ZPZP#P5 JS"SF0" ;FDU|LP JS"SF0" ;FDU|LP JS"SF0" ;FDU|LP JS"SF0" ;FDU|LP JS"SF0" ;FDU|LP JS"SF0" ;FDU|L JU"B\0DF\ lJnFYL"VMG[ lX1F65}ZS AGJL HM.V[P

T[GF äFZF VwIF5G SZFJJFG\] SF{X<I lX1FSDF\ CMJ\] HM.V[P JS"SF0" ;FDU|L ;FZL ZLT[ K5FI[,L CMJL

HM.V[P lJnFYL" ;Z/ ZLT[ lJQFIJ:T] ;DÒ XS[ T[JL UM9J6 T[DF\ CMJL HM.V[P NZ[S JS"SF0"G[ V,U

V,U G\AZ VF5LG[ 5KL S|D 5|DF6[ JS"SF0" ;FDU|LGM p5IMU SZJM HM.V[P 5|`GMGF HJFA :5Q8

ZLT[ VF5L XS[ T[GL jIJ:YF SZJL HM.V[P

ZPZP#P&ZPZP#P&ZPZP#P&ZPZP#P&ZPZP#P& DCÀJP DCÀJP DCÀJP DCÀJP DCÀJP lJnFYL"G[ JS"SF0" ;FDU|L 5MTFGL D[/[ VwIIG SZJFDF\ B}A H p5IMUL YI[,L

K[P T[G\] DCÀJ NXF"JTF D]¡FVM VF 5|DF6[ VF5L XSFIP

!P lJnFYL" 5MTFGL D[/[ VwIIG SZL XS[ K[P

ZP H~Z 50[ tIFZ[ H lX1FSG\] DFU"NX"G D[/JL 5MTFGL UlTYL VFU/ JWL XS[ K[P

#P lX1FSGL VJ[ÒDF\ lJnFYL" HFT[ E6L XS[ K[P

$P O]Z;NGF ;DIDF\ 56 lJnFYL" JS"SF0" äFZF VwIIG SZL XS[ K[P

Page 37: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

22 22 22 22 22

5P 5MTFG[ 3[Z ZCLG[ 56 JS"SF0"GM p5IMU SZL XSFI K[P

&P :JD}<IF\SG äFZF lJnFYL" 5MTFGL HFT[ D}<IF\SG SZL E},M ;]WFZL XS[ K[P

*P JS"SF0"DF\ VF5[,L 5|J'l¿VM VG[ 5|IMUM lJnFYL" 5MTFGL D[/[ SZL XS[ K[P

(P 5MTFGL D[/[ SFI" SIF"GM lJnFYL"G[ VFG\N VFJ[ K[P

)P GJ\] JS"SF0" X~ SZTF\ 5C[,F SIF D]¡F GA/F ZCL UIF K[ T[GM lJnFYL"G[ bIF, VFJ[ K[P VFYL

:J;]WFZ6F Y. XS[ K[P

ZP#ZP#ZP#ZP#ZP# H}Y VwIF5GH}Y VwIF5GH}Y VwIF5GH}Y VwIF5GH}Y VwIF5G

H}Y VwIF5G V[ V[S 5|SFZG\] X{1Fl6S ;\U9G K[P T[DF\ SFI" SZTF lX1FSMGL ;\bIFv8LD lJlJW

AFATM 5Z VFWFZ ZFB[ K[P VF AFATMDF\ JU";\bIF4 lJQFIJ:T] 3lGQ9TF4 lJQFIJ:T]G[ ,UTL lGQ5lTVM4

lJQFIJ:T] :J~54 lJnFYL" H~lZIFTMPPP JU[Z[ AFATMG[ U6FJL XSFIP VFJL S[8,LS AFATMGM bIF,

ZFBLG[ T{IFZ YI[, 8LD H H}Y VwIF5GGM 5|F6 K[P H}Y VwIF5GG[ ;O/TF A1F[ K[P

H}Y VwIIG SZGFZ lX1FSM 5|IMU 5C[,F\ ;FY[ A[;LG[ X{1Fl6S SFI"G\] VFIMHG SZ[ K[ VG[ T[

5|DF6[ V;ZSFZS ;\U9G jIST YFI T[ ZLT[ 5|lS|IF SZ[ K[P

JMZJLS[ H}Y VwIF5GG[ VF ZLT[ jIFbIFlIT SZ[, K[P cc5MTFGF lJnFYL"VMGL H~lZIFTM VG[

XF/FGL ;J,TMG[ VG]~5 SM. SFI"IMHGFGF lGDF"6 DF8[ lX1FSMGF\ ¹lQ84 Z; VG[ lGQ6F\TLSZ6GM

jIlSTUT ZLT[ VD, H[DF\ YFI K[ T[JL V[S 5|SFZGL jIJ:YF V[8,[ H}Y VwIF5GPcc!

H}Y VwIF5G V[8,[ PPPPP

v X{1Fl6S ;\U9GP

v XF/FGF SD"RFZLVM slX1FSM VG[ VgIf G\] X{1Fl6S ;\U9GP

v XF/FGF SD"RFZLVMGF\ jIlSTUT ¹lQ84 Z; VG[ lGQ6F\TLSZ6 ;FY[G\] X{1Fl6S ;\U9GP

v XF/FGL p5,aW ;UJ0TFVMGM DC¿D ,FE p9FJT\] XF/FGF SD"RFZLVMGF\ jIlSTUT ¹lQ84

Z; VG[ lGQ6F\TLSZ6 ;FY[G\] X{1Fl6S ;\U9GP

v lJnFYL"VMGL H~lZIFTM ;\TMQFJF DF8[G\] lGlüT X{1Fl6S C[T] DF8[ SFI" SZT\]4 XF/FGL p5,aW

;UJ0TFVMGM DC¿D ,FE p9FJT\]4 XF/FGF SD"RFZLVMGF\ jIlSTUT ¹lQ84 Z; VG[

lGQ6F\TLSZ6 ;FY[G\] X{1Fl6S ;\U9GP

! 58[,4 NJ[4 HMQFL4 XFC4 l,lBIF4 X{1Fl6S 8[SGM,lHX{1Fl6S 8[SGM,lHX{1Fl6S 8[SGM,lHX{1Fl6S 8[SGM,lHX{1Fl6S 8[SGM,lHP ALPV[;P XFC 5|SFXG4 5'P !)5v!)*P

Page 38: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

23 23 23 23 23

EFZTDF\ H}Y VwIF5GGF 5|IMUM VMKF YIF\ K[P H}Y VwIF5GG\] VFIMHG SZGFZ H[ ZLT[

lJRFZ[v ;\U9G 5FK/GM C[T] GÞL SZ[ T[ 5|DF6[ T[G[ JUL"S'T SZL XSFIP H[DF\ PPPPP

!P lX1FSv5|lX1F6 SF{X<I S[lgãT VFIMHG

ZP lJQFIJ:T] S[lgãT VFIMHG

#P lJQFIJ:T] VG[ 5|lX1F6 SF{X<I S[lgãT VFIMHG

ZP$ZP$ZP$ZP$ZP$ jIFbIFG 5âlTjIFbIFG 5âlTjIFbIFG 5âlTjIFbIFG 5âlTjIFbIFG 5âlT

jIFbIFG 5âlTGM VY"4 wIFGDF\ ZFBJFGL AFATM VG[ DCÀJ VF D]HA K[P

ZP$P!ZP$P!ZP$P!ZP$P!ZP$P! VY"P VY"P VY"P VY"P VY"P lJQFIJ:T]G[ jIFbIFG :J~5[ ZH} SZJFGL 5âlT V[8,[ jIFbIFG 5âlTPZ VCÄ

lX1FS lJQFIJ:T]G[ DUHDF\ IFN ZFBL JU"DF\ T[GL ZH}VFT SZ[ K[P VF ;F{YL H}GL4 RL,FRF,] 5âlT K[P

T[G[ 5|JRG 5âlT S[ SYG 5âlT 56 SC[ K[P H[d;GF DT 5|DF6[ ccjIFbIFG 5âlT V[S lX1F6XF:+LI

5âlT K[P H[DF\ SF/Ò5}J"S VFIMlHT SZ[,\] EFQF6 v jIFbIFG VF{5RFlZS ZLT[ ZH} SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[Pcc

ZP$PZZP$PZZP$PZZP$PZZP$PZ wIFGDF\ ZFBJFGL AFATMP wIFGDF\ ZFBJFGL AFATMP wIFGDF\ ZFBJFGL AFATMP wIFGDF\ ZFBJFGL AFATMP wIFGDF\ ZFBJFGL AFATMP jIFbIFG 5âlTG[ V;ZSFZS AGFJJF DF8[ wIFGDF\ ZFBJL

HM.TL AFATM GLR[ 5|DF6[ K[P

!P lJQFIJ:T]GL ZH}VFT D]¡F;Z SZJLP

ZP VF 5âlT ;FY[ 5|`GM¿ZL ;DIFgTZ[ YTL ZC[ T[ HMJ\]P

#P VF 5âlTGF VD, JBT[ lJnFYL"VMG[ GM\W SZJF SC[J\]P

$P 5|JRG NZlDIFG pNFCZ6M4 5|;\UM V5FI T[DH CF:I TÀJ NFB, SZJ\]P

5P jIFbIFG ;FY[ XSI CMI TM lJQFIF\U VG]~5 X{1Fl6S ;FWGMGM p5IMU SZJMP

&P jIFbIFG ;FY[ XSI CMI TM RF8"Ÿ;4 DM0[, ZH} SZJFP

*P EFQFFX]lâ4 IMuI ZH}VFT4 ;RM84 WFZNFZ VG[ V;ZSFZS jIFbIFG ZH} YFI TM VF 5âlT

;O/ AGL ZC[P

(P 5|JRG :5Q8 VJFHDF\4 AWF lJnFYL"VM ;DÒ XS[ T[JL ;Z/ EFQFFDF\ W{I"5}J"S VF5J\]P

)P EFZ[ EESFEIF" XaNMGM p5IMU 8F/JM HM.V[P

ZP$P#ZP$P#ZP$P#ZP$P#ZP$P# DCÀJP DCÀJP DCÀJP DCÀJP DCÀJP jIFbIFG 5âlTG\] DCÀJ VF ZLT[ NXF"JL XSFIP

!P S[8,FS lJQFIF\UM :5Q8 ZLT[ ;DHFJL XSFI K[P

ZP lX1FS 5MTFGL ZLT[ SFI" SZL XS[ K[ VG[ lX1FS DF8[ 5|JRG SZJ\] ;Z/ K[P

Z VJW[X hF4 3[8LIF4 lJ7FG VlEGJ VwIF5GlJ7FG VlEGJ VwIF5GlJ7FG VlEGJ VwIF5GlJ7FG VlEGJ VwIF5GlJ7FG VlEGJ VwIF5GP lGZJ 5|SFXG4 5'P !_$v!5&P

Page 39: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

24 24 24 24 24

#P 5|JRGGL ;FY[ ;FWGMGF p5IMUYL JU"SFI" ÒJ\T AG[ K[P

$P lJQFIJ:T]GL TS"Aâ VG[ S|lDS ZH}VFT SZL XSFI K[P

5P 5|`GM¿ZLGL TS CMJFYL lJnFYL"VMG[ ;\TMQF YFI K[P

&P V[S ;FY[ DM8F JU"G[ VFJZL ,. XSFI K[P

*P 8\}SF ;DIDF\ 36\] SCL XSFI K[ T[YL ;DIGM ARFJ YFI K[P

(P lJQFIJ:T]G[ 8}\SDF\ 56 D]¡F;Z ZLT[ ZH} SZL XSFI K[P

)P lJnFYL" 51F[YL lX:TGF 5|`GM éEF YTF GYLP

!_P lGQ6FT VG[ lJäFG jIlSTVMGM V[S ;FY[ VG[S lJnFYL"VM ,FE ,. XS[ K[P

!!P lX1F6 V;ZSFZS4 Z;5|N VG[ ÒJ\T AG[ K[P

!ZP lJnFYL"VMG[ zJ6 VG]EJGL TF,LD D/[ K[P

!#P VF 5âlTYL 8}\S ;DIDF\4 VMKF zD äFZF V;ZSFZS lX1F6SFI" SZL XSFI K[P

ZP5ZP5ZP5ZP5ZP5 jIJCFZ] VFWFZMjIJCFZ] VFWFZMjIJCFZ] VFWFZMjIJCFZ] VFWFZMjIJCFZ] VFWFZM

5|:T]T ;\XMWG SFI" Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG (CAI) SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5GGL

V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JF DF8[ CFY WZJFDF\ VFjI\] CT\]P VF DF8[ ;\A\lWT ;FlCtIGF jIJCFZ] VFWFZMGL

;DL1FF DF8[ ;\XMWS[ D]bItJ[ c;J[" VMO lZ;R" .G V[HI]S[XGc GF\ 5F\RDF\ EFUGM TYF VgI ;|MTGM

VFWFZ ,LWM CTMP H[DF\YL Sd%I}8Z VFWFlZT SFI"S|DM4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5GGF\ ;\XMWGMGM VeIF;

CFY WZ[,MP VF DF8[ ;\XMWS[ 5MTFGL ;D:IF ;FY[ ;\A\lWT 5LV[RP0LP S1FFV[ T[DH V[DPV[0ŸP S1FFV[

YI[,F ;\XMWGM4 ;\NE" 5]:TSM4 ;\XMWG ;\RI4 ;FDlISM JU[Z[GM VeIF; SZL ;{âF\lTS T[DH

DF/BFSLI AFATMG\] DFU"NX"G D[/jI\] CT\]P 5}J[" YI[,F ;\XMWGMGL ;DL1FFGF lJ`,[QF6 DF8[ 5|F%T

;\XMWGMG[ +6 lJEFUMDF\ JC[\RJFDF\ VFjIF CTFP

!P Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG 5Z YI[,F ;\XMWGM

ZP JS"SF0" ;FlCtI 5Z YI[,F ;\XMWGM

#P H}Y VwIF5G 5Z YI[,F ;\XMWGM

VF +6[I lJEFUMDF\GF ;\XMWGMGL DFlCTL ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L T[DH VgI I]lGJl;"8LDF\ YI[,F

;\XMWGMDF\YL D[/JJFDF\ VFJL CTLP VF DFlCTLDF\ !))! YL Z__( ;]WLGF ;\XMWGMGM VeIF;

SZJFDF\ VFJ[,M CTMP DFlCTL TZLS[ ;\XMWSG\] GFD4 JQF"4 VeIF; S1FF4 C[T]VM4 z[6L4 lJQFI4 V[SD4

5|FIMlUS IMHGF4 GD}GM4 :JT\+ R,4 5'YÞZ6 5âlT VG[ 5lZ6FDG[ wIFGDF\ ,LWF CTFP Sd%I}8Z

;CFlIT VwIIG 5Z YI[,F ;\XMWGMGL VF 5|SFZGL DFlCTL ;FZ6L ZP! DF\ NXF"J[, K[P JS"SF0"

;FlCtI 5Z YI[,F ;\XMWGMGL DFlCTL ;FZ6L ZPZ DF\ NXF"J[, K[P HIFZ[ H}Y VwIF5G 5Z YI[,F

;\XMWGMGL DFlCTL ;FZ6L ZP# DF\ NXF"J[, K[P

Page 40: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

2

5 2

5 2

5 2

5 2

5

;FZ6L ZP!;FZ6L ZP!;FZ6L ZP!;FZ6L ZP!;FZ6L ZP!

Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG (CAI) SFI"S|D 5Z YI[,F 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGL ;\IMHGFtDS ;DL1FF SFI"S|D 5Z YI[,F 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGL ;\IMHGFtDS ;DL1FF SFI"S|D 5Z YI[,F 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGL ;\IMHGFtDS ;DL1FF SFI"S|D 5Z YI[,F 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGL ;\IMHGFtDS ;DL1FF SFI"S|D 5Z YI[,F 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGL ;\IMHGFtDS ;DL1FF

S|DS|DS|DS|DS|D

! VFZP0LP ;ÄU4V[;PALPVC]JF,LIFVG[ V[;PS[PJDF" !))!5|MH[S8 JS"

5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4

VeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FF

C[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VM z[6Lz[6Lz[6Lz[6Lz[6L lJQFIlJQFIlJQFIlJQFIlJQFI V[SDV[SDV[SDV[SDV[SD 5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUSIMHGFIMHGFIMHGFIMHGFIMHGF

GD}GMGD}GMGD}GMGD}GMGD}GM :JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R, 5'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65âlT5âlT5âlT5âlT5âlT

5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD

Ul6TGF VwIF5GDF\Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITVwIIG SFI"S|DGL5Z\5ZFUT VwIF5G5âlTGF ;\NE"DF\V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JL

prRTZDFwIlDS

S1FF

Ul6T 5;\lNTV[SDM

VFJIlJSIMHGF

ZZ_ l Sd%I}8Z;CFlITVwIIGSFI"S|D

l 5Z\5ZFUT5âlT

lJRZ65'YÞZ68LvS;M8L

l Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIGSFI"S|D äFZF SZFI[, VwIF5GJW] V;ZSFZS CT\]P

l 5|F%T l;lâ 5Z HFTLITFGLV;Z HMJF D/TL G CTLP

Z 5LP HIFD6L!))!V[DPlO,PslX1F6f

Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITVwIF5G äFZF VwIF5GSFI"DF\ VG]~565|lTDFGGL V;ZSFZSTFRSF;JL

!! EF{lTSlJ7FG

5;\lNTV[SDM

A[ H}YM5}J"S;M8Lp¿ZS;M8LIMHGF

v l Sd%I}8Z;CFlITVwIIGSFI"S|D

l 5Z\5ZFUT5âlT

8LvS;M8L l 5|FIMlUS H}YGF ;Z[ZFXF\SMlGI\l+T H}YGF ;Z[ZFXF\SMSZTF êRF CTFP

l X{1Fl6S l;lâ 5Z HFTLITFGLVG[ VwIF5G DFwIDGL;FY"S V;Z G CTLP

# V[PV[;PJLPZMh !))Z5LV[RP0LP

lGdG l;lâ WZFJTFlJnFYL"VMGF ;\NE"DF\Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITVwIIG ;MO8J[ZGLV;ZSFZSTF RSF;JL

) Ul6T 5;\lNTV[SDM

VFJIlJSIMHGF

)& l Sd%I}8Z;CFlITVwIIGSFI"S|D

l 5Z\5ZFUT5âlT

8LvS;M8LSF.JU"S;M8LläDFUL"IlJRZ65'YÞZ6

l lGdG l;lâ WZFJTF lJnFYL"VMDF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIGJW] V;ZSFZS CT\]P

l A]lâS1FF4 VeIF; 8[J VG[Ul6T 5|tI[GF J,6G[ l;lâ;FY[ CSFZFtDS ;\A\W CTMP

;FZ6L ZP! RF,] PPPPP

Page 41: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

2

6 2

6 2

6 2

6 2

6

S|DS|DS|DS|DS|D

$ V[,PV[RPSFZLVFZ__!5LV[RP0LP

5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4

VeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FF

C[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VM z[6Lz[6Lz[6Lz[6Lz[6L lJQFIlJQFIlJQFIlJQFIlJQFI V[SDV[SDV[SDV[SDV[SD 5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUSIMHGFIMHGFIMHGFIMHGFIMHGF

GD}GMGD}GMGD}GMGD}GMGD}GM :JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R, 5'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65âlT5âlT5âlT5âlT5âlT

5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD

:JVwIIG 5|I]lSTTZLS[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITVwIIGGL V;ZSFZSTFRSF;JL

( Ul6T U6 5lZRI +6 H}YIF¹lrKS5F+M DF+p¿ZS;M8LIMHGF

!_( l Sd%I}8Z;CFlITVwIIGSFI"S|D

l VlES|lDTVwIIG

l 5Z\5ZFUT5âlT

;ClJRZ65'YÞZ6

l S]DFZM DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITVwIIG VG[ 5Z\5ZFUTVwIF5G ;DFG ZLT[V;ZSFZS CTFP

l SgIFVM DF8[ 5Z\5ZFUTVwIF5G 5âlT4 Sd%I}8Z;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DSZTF JWFZ[ V;ZSFZS ZCLCTLP

5 V[P VFZPBLZJF0SZZ__!5LV[RP0LP

Z;FI6 lJ7FGGFVwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z;CFlIT VwIIGSFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTFRSF;JL

!! Z;FI6lJ7FG

+65;\lNTV[SDM

A[ H}YDF+ p¿ZS;M8LIMHGF

*_ l Sd%I}8Z;CFlITVwIIGSFI"S|D

l 5Z\5ZFUT5âlT

8LvS;M8L l X{1Fl6S l;lâGF ;\NE"DF\Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIGSFI"S|D JW] V;ZSFZS CTMP

l lX1FSM VG[ lJnFYL"VMG\]Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG5|tI[G\] J,6 CSFZFtDS CT\]P

l Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIGVwIF5G ;DI 38F0JFDF\;CFIS CT\]P

;FZ6L ZP! RF,] PPPPP

;FZ6L ZP! RF,] PPPPP

Page 42: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

2

7 2

7 2

7 2

7 2

7

S|DS|DS|DS|DS|D

& ALPÒP 0F\UZZ__#V[DPV[0ŸP

5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4

VeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FF

C[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VM z[6Lz[6Lz[6Lz[6Lz[6L lJQFIlJQFIlJQFIlJQFIlJQFI V[SDV[SDV[SDV[SDV[SD 5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUSIMHGFIMHGFIMHGFIMHGFIMHGF

GD}GMGD}GMGD}GMGD}GMGD}GM :JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R, 5'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65âlT5âlT5âlT5âlT5âlT

5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD

5|FYlDS XF/F S1FFV[V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF VwIF5GDF8[ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0.g:8=SXG SFI"S|DGLV;ZSFZSTF RSF;JL

* V\U|[Ò SassaRana

A[ H}YDF+p¿ZS;M8LIMHGF

!!Z l Sd%I}8ZV[.0[0.g:8=SXGSFI"S|D

l 5Z\5ZFUT5âlT

8LvS;M8L l 5|FYlDS S1FFV[ Sd%I}8ZV[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|DVG[ 5Z\5ZFUT 5âlT ;DFGZLT[ V;ZSFZS CTFP

l Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXGSFI"S|D 5|tI[ lJnFYL"VMGFVlE5|FIM CSFZFtDS CTFP

* lCZF6L 8LPVFZPZ__#V[DPV[0ŸP

DFwIlDS XF/F S1FFV[lJ7FG lJQFIGFVwIF5G DF8[Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0.g:8=SXG SFI"S|DGLV;ZSFZSTF RSF;JL

) lJ7FG H{lJSlS|IFVM

RFZ H}YDF+ p¿ZS;M8LIMHGF

&! l Sd%I}8ZV[.0[0.g:8=SXGSFI"S|D

l 5Z\5ZFUT5âlT

8LvS;M8LSF.JU"S;M8L

l DFwIlDS S1FFV[ Sd%I}8ZV[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|DäFZF YI[, VwIF5G5Z\5ZFUT 5âlT äFZFYI[, VwIF5G SZTF JWFZ[V;ZSFZS CT\]P

;FZ6L ZP! RF,] PPPPP

( KU V[;P 5LPZ__$V[DPV[0ŸP

5|FYlDS XF/F S1FFV[lJ7FG lJQFIGFVwIF5G DF8[Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0.g:8=SXG SFI"S|DGLV;ZSFZSTF RSF;JL

* lJ7FG 5]Q5 VG[O/

A[ H}YDF+ p¿ZS;M8LIMHGF

&_ l Sd%I}8ZV[.0[0.g:8=SXGSFI"S|D

l 5Z\5ZFUT5âlT

SF.JU"S;M8LD[GlJ8GLI]vS;M8L

l Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXGSFI"S|D 5Z\5ZFUT 5âlTSZTF JWFZ[ V;ZSFZS ZæMCTMP

;FZ6L ZP! RF,] PPPPP

Page 43: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

2

8 2

8 2

8 2

8 2

8

S|DS|DS|DS|DS|D

) V\AF;6FV[P 0LPZ__$5|MH[S8 JS"

5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4

VeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FF

C[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VM z[6Lz[6Lz[6Lz[6Lz[6L lJQFIlJQFIlJQFIlJQFIlJQFI V[SDV[SDV[SDV[SDV[SD 5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUSIMHGFIMHGFIMHGFIMHGFIMHGF

GD}GMGD}GMGD}GMGD}GMGD}GM :JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R, 5'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65âlT5âlT5âlT5âlT5âlT

5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD

WMZ6 VF9GFlJ7FG lJQFIGFVwIF5G DF8[Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0.g:8=SXG SFI"S|DGLV;ZSFZSTF RSF;JL

( lJ7FG NAF6 A[ H}YDF+p¿ZS;M8LIMHGF

&_ l Sd%I}8ZV[.0[0.g:8=SXGSFI"S|D

l 5Z\5ZFUT5âlT

D[GJL8GLI] S;M8L

l Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXGSFI"S|D VG[ 5LIZ H}YDl<8DLl0VF 5|MH[S8 ;DFGV;ZSFZS CTFP

;FZ6L ZP! RF,] PPPPP

!_ 0-Fl6IF0LPV[DPZ__$V[DPV[0ŸP

DFwIlDS XF/F S1FFV[lJ7FG lJQFIGFVwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8ZV[.0[0 .g:8=SXGSFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTFRSF;JL

( lJ7FG NAF6 A[ H}YDF+p¿ZS;M8LIMHGF

&! l Sd%I}8ZV[.0[0.g:8=SXGSFI"S|D

l 5Z\5ZFUT5âlT

SF.JU"S;M8LD[GJL8GLI] S;M8L

l Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXGSFI"S|D VG[ 5Z\5ZFUT5âlT ;DFG V;ZSFZS CTFP

!! AlNIF6LVF.PV[DPZ__5V[DPV[0ŸP

V\U|[Ò lJQFIGFVwIF5G DF8[ CALL

SFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTFRSF;JL

( V\U|[Ò lS|IF5N A[ H}YDF+p¿ZS;M8LIMHGF

!*! l Sd%I}8ZV[.0[0.g:8=SXGSFI"S|D

l 5Z\5ZFUT5âlT

V[GMJMS;M8L8SL S;M8L

l CALL äFZF SZJFDF\ VFJT\]lX1F6SFI" êR\] CT\]P

;FZ6L ZP! RF,] PPPPP

Page 44: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

2

9 2

9 2

9 2

9 2

9

S|DS|DS|DS|DS|D

!Z NJ[ 5LP;LPZ__55LV[RP0LP

5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4

VeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FF

C[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VM z[6Lz[6Lz[6Lz[6Lz[6L lJQFIlJQFIlJQFIlJQFIlJQFI V[SDV[SDV[SDV[SDV[SD 5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUSIMHGFIMHGFIMHGFIMHGFIMHGF

GD}GMGD}GMGD}GMGD}GMGD}GM :JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R, 5'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65âlT5âlT5âlT5âlT5âlT

5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD

GFDFGF\ D}/TÀJMlJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITVwIIGGL V;ZSFZSTFRSF;JL

!! GFDFGFD}/TÀJM

VFDGM\W A[ H}YDF+p¿ZS;M8LIMHGF

!Z& l Sd%I}8ZV[.0[0.g:8=SXGSFI"S|D

l 5Z\5ZFUT5âlT

l JS"SF0";FlCtI

;ClJRZ65'YÞZ6S;M8L

l S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVM DF8[Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIGSZTF\ jIFbIFG 5âlT JW]V;ZSFZS CTLP

;FZ6L ZP! RF,] PPPPP

!# jIF; V[DPJFIPZ__5V[DPV[0ŸP

lJ7FG lJQFIGFVwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z;CFlIT VwIIGGLV;ZSFZSTF RSF;JL

( lJ7FG ;}1DÒJM A[ H}YDF+p¿ZS;M8LIMHGF

5( l Sd%I}8ZV[.0[0.g:8=SXGSFI"S|D

l 5Z\5ZFUT5âlT

8L S;M8LSF.JU"S;M8L

l Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIGVG[ jIFbIFG 5âlT ;DFGV;ZSFZS CTFP

!$ UZRZV[,PVFZPZ__&V[DPV[0ŸP

;DFHlJnF lJQFIGFVwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z;CFlIT VwIIGGLV;ZSFZSTF RSF;JL

& ;DFHlJnF ;F{Z5lZJFZ

A[ H}YDF+p¿ZS;M8LIMHGF

5Z l Sd%I}8ZV[.0[0.g:8=SXGSFI"S|D

l 5Z\5ZFUT5âlT

8L S;M8L l Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIGjIFbIFG 5âlT SZTF JW]V;ZSFZS CTFP

;FZ6L ZP! RF,] PPPPP

Page 45: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

3

0 3

0 3

0 3

0 3

0

S|DS|DS|DS|DS|D

!5 ;M,\SL V[RPV[DPZ__&V[DPV[0ŸP

5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4

VeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FF

C[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VM z[6Lz[6Lz[6Lz[6Lz[6L lJQFIlJQFIlJQFIlJQFIlJQFI V[SDV[SDV[SDV[SDV[SD 5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUSIMHGFIMHGFIMHGFIMHGFIMHGF

GD}GMGD}GMGD}GMGD}GMGD}GM :JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R, 5'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65âlT5âlT5âlT5âlT5âlT

5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD

5|FYlDS XF/F S1FFV[lJ7FG lJQFIGFVwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8ZV[.0[0 .g:8=SXGSFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTFRSF;JL

* lJ7FG V[l;04A[.h VG[1FFZ

A[ H}YDF+p¿ZS;M8LIMHGF

)_ l Sd%I}8ZV[.0[0.g:8=SXGSFI"S|D

l 5Z\5ZFUT5âlT

;ClJRZ65'YÞZ6

l Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXGSFI"S|D VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlT;DFG V;ZSFZS CTFP

;FZ6L ZP! RF,] PPPPP

!& p5FwIFIVFZPV[RPZ__&V[DPV[0ŸP

DFwIlDS XF/F S1FFV[lJ7FG lJQFIGFVwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8ZV[.0[0 .g:8=SXGSFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTFRSF;JL

) lJ7FGVG[8[SGM,lH

5|F6LJUL"SZ6

A[ H}YDF+p¿ZS;M8LIMHGF

!!& l Sd%I}8ZV[.0[0.g:8=SXGSFI"S|D

l 5Z\5ZFUT5âlT

8LvS;M8LSF.JU"S;M8L

l Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXGSFI"S|D 5Z\5ZFUT 5âlTSZTF JWFZ[ V;ZSFZS ZæMCTMP

!( DC[TF V[RPZ__*V[DPV[0ŸP

V\U|[Ò lJQFIGFVwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8ZV[.0[0 .g:8=SXGSFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTFRSF;JL

) V\U|[Ò Adjec-tives

A[ H}YDF+p¿ZS;M8LIMHGF

!__ l Sd%I}8ZV[.0[0.g:8=SXGSFI"S|D

l 5Z\5ZFUT5âlT

8LvS;M8L l Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXGSFI"S|D 5Z\5ZFUT 5âlTSZTF JWFZ[ V;ZSFZS ZæMCTMP

!* RFJ0F H[PJLPZ__*V[DPV[0ŸP

V\U|[Ò lJQFIGFVwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8ZV[.0[0 .g:8=SXGSFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTFRSF;JL

) V\U|[Ò Nouns A[ H}YDF+p¿ZS;M8LIMHGF

!__ l Sd%I}8ZV[.0[0.g:8=SXGSFI"S|D

l 5Z\5ZFUT5âlT

8LvS;M8L l Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXGSFI"S|D 5Z\5ZFUT 5âlTSZTF JWFZ[ V;ZSFZS ZæMCTMP

Page 46: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

3

1 3

1 3

1 3

1 3

1

;FZ6L ZPZ;FZ6L ZPZ;FZ6L ZPZ;FZ6L ZPZ;FZ6L ZPZ

JS"SF0" ;FlCtI 5Z YI[,F 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGL ;\IMHGFtDS ;DL1FFJS"SF0" ;FlCtI 5Z YI[,F 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGL ;\IMHGFtDS ;DL1FFJS"SF0" ;FlCtI 5Z YI[,F 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGL ;\IMHGFtDS ;DL1FFJS"SF0" ;FlCtI 5Z YI[,F 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGL ;\IMHGFtDS ;DL1FFJS"SF0" ;FlCtI 5Z YI[,F 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGL ;\IMHGFtDS ;DL1FF

S|DS|DS|DS|DS|D

! EFG]EF.58[,!))#5LV[RP0LP

5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4

VeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FF

C[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VM z[6Lz[6Lz[6Lz[6Lz[6L lJQFIlJQFIlJQFIlJQFIlJQFI V[SDV[SDV[SDV[SDV[SD 5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUSIMHGFIMHGFIMHGFIMHGFIMHGF

GD}GMGD}GMGD}GMGD}GMGD}GM :JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R, 5'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65âlT5âlT5âlT5âlT5âlT

5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD

Ul6TGF VwIF5G DF8[JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGLV;ZSFZSTF RSF;JL

!! Ul6T 5;\lNTV[SDM

A[ H}YVFSl:DS5F+M4 DF+p¿Z S;M8LIMHGF

*_ l JS"SF0";FlCtI

l jIFbIFG5âlT

8LvS;M8L l JS"SF0" ;FlCtI äFZF SZFI[,VwIF5G JW] V;ZSFZSCT\]P

Z DF,F S\]0l,IF!))&V[DPV[0ŸP

lJ7FGGF VwIF5G DF8[JS"SF0" VG[ VlES|lDTVwIIGGL V;ZSFZSTFRSF;JL

!! ÒJlJ7FG

SMQFlJEFHG

A[ H}YVFSl:DS5F+M4 DF+p¿Z S;M8LIMHGF

5Z l JS"SF0";FlCtI

l VlES|lDTVwIIG5âlT

;ClJRZ65'YÞZ6

l D]bI T[DH 5}ZS VwIF5G5âlT TZLS[ S]DFZM VG[SgIFVMDF\ AgG[ 5âlT ;DFGV;ZSFZS HMJF D/[,P

# .,FS]DFZLhF,F!))*V[DPV[0ŸP

VF\S0FXF:+GF VwIF5GDF8[ JS"SF0"GL ;\ZRGFSZJL

!_ Ul6T VF\S0FvXF:+

A[ H}YVFSl:DS5F+M4 DF+p¿Z S;M8LIMHGF

!*$ l JS"SF0";FlCtI

l jIFbIFG5âlT

8LvS;M8L l JS"SF0" äFZF VG[ jIFbIFG5âlT äFZF YT\] VwIF5GS]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMDF\ ;DFGV;ZSFZS CT\]P

;FZ6L ZPZ RF,] PPPPP

Page 47: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

3

2 3

2 3

2 3

2 3

2

S|DS|DS|DS|DS|D

$ SLlT" 0[0Fl6IF!))(V[DPV[0ŸP

5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4

VeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FF

C[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VM z[6Lz[6Lz[6Lz[6Lz[6L lJQFIlJQFIlJQFIlJQFIlJQFI V[SDV[SDV[SDV[SDV[SD 5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUSIMHGFIMHGFIMHGFIMHGFIMHGF

GD}GMGD}GMGD}GMGD}GMGD}GM :JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R, 5'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65âlT5âlT5âlT5âlT5âlT

5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD

Ul6TGF VwIF5G DF8[JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGLV;ZSFZSTF RSF;JL

!_ Ul6T l+SM6vlDlT

A[ H}YVFSl:DS5F+M45}JM"¿ZS;M8LIMHGF

!)& l JS"SF0";FlCtI

l jIFbIFG5âlT

8LvS;M8L;ClJRZ65'YÞZ6

l S]DFZMDF\ JS"SF0" ;FlCtI VG[jIFbIFG 5âlT ;DFGV;ZSFZS CTLP

l SgIFVMDF\ jIFbIFG 5âlTGLT],GFDF\ JS"SF0" ;FlCtI JW]V;ZSFZS CTLP

;FZ6L ZPZ RF,] PPPPP

5 T'l%T ;]ZF6L!)))V[DPV[0ŸP

Ul6TGF VwIF5G DF8[JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGLV;ZSFZSTF RSF;JL

) Ul6T U6lS|IFVM

A[ H}YVFSl:DS5F+M4 DF+p¿Z S;M8LIMHGF

!)& l JS"SF0";FlCtI

l jIFbIFG5âlT

8LvS;M8L l S]DFZM DF8[ AgG[ 5âlTVM;DFG V;ZSFZS CTLP

l SgIFVMDF\ jIFbIFG 5âlTGLT],GFDF\ JS"SF0" ;FlCtI JW]V;ZSFZS CTLP

& ZD[X ;lBIFZ__!V[DPV[0ŸP

V\U|[Ò jIFSZ6GFVwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0";FlCtIGL V;ZSFZSTFRSF;JL

( YL !Z V\U|[Ò ActiveandPassiveVoice

A[ H}YVFSl:DS5F+M4 DF+p¿Z S;M8LIMHGF

!Z_ l JS"SF0";FlCtI

l jIFbIFG5âlT

8LvS;M8L l S]DFZMDF\ jIFbIFG 5âlTSZTF\ JS"SF0" ;FlCtI JW]V;ZSFZS CT\]P

l prR l;lâ VG[ DwID l;lâWZFJTL SgIFVMDF\ jIFbIFG5âlTGL T],GFDF\ JS"SF0";FlCtI JW] V;ZSFZS CT\]P

l lGdG l;lâ WZFJTL SgIFVMDF\AgG[ 5âlTVM ;DFGV;ZSFZS CTLP

;FZ6L ZPZ RF,] PPPPP

Page 48: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

3

3 3

3 3

3 3

3 3

3

S|DS|DS|DS|DS|D

* lJS|D 58[,Z__!V[DPV[0ŸP

5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4

VeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FF

C[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VM z[6Lz[6Lz[6Lz[6Lz[6L lJQFIlJQFIlJQFIlJQFIlJQFI V[SDV[SDV[SDV[SDV[SD 5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUSIMHGFIMHGFIMHGFIMHGFIMHGF

GD}GMGD}GMGD}GMGD}GMGD}GM :JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R, 5'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65âlT5âlT5âlT5âlT5âlT

5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD

;\:S'T jIFSZ6GFVwIF5G DF8[JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGLV;ZSFZSTF RSF;JL

) ;\:S'T ;\lW A[ H}YVFSl:DS5F+M45}JM"¿ZS;M8LIMHGF

!Z_ l JS"SF0";FlCtI

l jIFbIFG5âlT

8LvS;M8L l JS"SF0" ;FlCtI VG[ jIFbIFG5âlT äFZF YT\] lX1F6 SFI";DFG V;ZSFZS CTFP

;FZ6L ZPZ RF,] PPPPP

( V<SF 5\0IFZ__ZV[DPV[0ŸP

V\U|[Ò jIFSZ6GFVwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0";FlCtIGL V;ZSFZSTFRSF;JL

( YL !Z V\U|[Ò Direct -IndirectSpeech

A[ H}YVFSl:DS5F+M4 DF+p¿Z S;M8LIMHGF

&_ l JS"SF0";FlCtI

l jIFbIFG5âlT

8LvS;M8L l S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVM AgG[DF\jIFbIFG 5âlT VG[ JS"SF0"5âlT X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[lJQFI 5ZtJ[GF J,6GF;\NE"DF\ ;DFG V;ZSFZSCTLP

) NL5S JF-[/Z__ZV[DPV[0ŸP

;\:S'T jIFSZ6GFVwIF5G DF8[JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGLV;ZSFZSTF RSF;JL

( YL !Z ;\:S'T V,\SFZ A[ H}YVFSl:DS5F+M4 DF+p¿Z S;M8LIMHGF

&_ l JS"SF0";FlCtI

l jIFbIFG5âlT

8LvS;M8L l S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVM AgG[DF\JS"SF0" 5âlT jIFbIFG5âlT SZTF JW] V;ZSFZSCTLP

;FZ6L ZPZ RF,] PPPPP

Page 49: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

3

4 3

4 3

4 3

4 3

4

S|DS|DS|DS|DS|D 5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4

VeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FF

C[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VM z[6Lz[6Lz[6Lz[6Lz[6L lJQFIlJQFIlJQFIlJQFIlJQFI V[SDV[SDV[SDV[SDV[SD 5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUSIMHGFIMHGFIMHGFIMHGFIMHGF

GD}GMGD}GMGD}GMGD}GMGD}GM :JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R, 5'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65âlT5âlT5âlT5âlT5âlT

5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD

;FZ6L ZPZ RF,] PPPPP

;FZ6L ZPZ RF,] PPPPP

!_ ZF9M0V[;P V[;PZ__#V[DPV[0ŸP

JFl6HI Ul6TGFVwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0";FlCtIGL V;ZSFZSTFRSF;JL

!! JFl6HIUl6T

S|DRI;\RI

A[ H}YVFSl:DS5F+M4 DF+p¿Z S;M8LIMHGF

!Z& l JS"SF0";FlCtI

l jIFbIFG5âlT

8LvS;M8L l SgIFVM DF8[ JS"SF0" 5âlT VG[jIFbIFG 5âlT ;DFGV;ZSFZS CTLP

l S]DFZM DF8[ jIFbIFG 5âlTSZTF\ JS"SF0" ;FlCtI JW]V;ZSFZS CT\]P

!! VFRFI" V[DP0LPZ__55LV[RP0LP

V\U|[ÒGF VwIF5G DF8[JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGLV;ZSFZSTF RSF;JL

) V\U|[Ò v A[ H}YVFSl:DS5F+M4 DF+p¿Z S;M8LIMHGF

!$& l JS"SF0";FlCtI

l jIFbIFG5âlT

8LvS;M8LV[OvS;M8LSF.JU"S;M8L

l JS"SF0" VG[ 5Z\5ZFUT5âlT ;DFG V;ZSFZS CTF\P

!Z NJ[ 5LP;LPZ__55LV[RP0LP

GFDFGF\ D}/TÀJMGFVwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0";FlCtIGL V;ZSFZSTFRSF;JL

!! GFDFGFD}/TÀJM

VFDGM\W A[ H}YVFSl:DS5F+M4 DF+p¿Z S;M8LIMHGF

!Z& l CAIl JS"SF0"

;FlCtIl jIFbIFG

5âlT

;ClJRZ65'YÞZ6S;M8L

l S]DFZM T[DH SgIFVM DF8[JS"SF0" SZTF jIFbIFG 5âlTV;ZSFZS CTLP

!# ;lBIFVFZP ALPZ__&5LV[RP0LP

V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF VwIF5GDF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGLV;ZSFZSTF RSF;JL

) V\U|[Ò jIFSZ6 A[ H}YVFSl:DS5F+M4 DF+p¿Z S;M8LIMHGF

Z)$ l JS"SF0";FlCtI

l VlES|lDTVwIIG

l jIFbIFG5âlT

8LvS;M8L l S]DFZM DF8[ JS"SF0" 5âlTjIFbIFG 5âlT SZTF\ JW]V;ZSFZS CTLP

Page 50: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

3

5 3

5 3

5 3

5 3

5

S|DS|DS|DS|DS|D 5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4

VeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FF

C[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VM z[6Lz[6Lz[6Lz[6Lz[6L lJQFIlJQFIlJQFIlJQFIlJQFI V[SDV[SDV[SDV[SDV[SD 5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUSIMHGFIMHGFIMHGFIMHGFIMHGF

GD}GMGD}GMGD}GMGD}GMGD}GM :JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R, 5'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65âlT5âlT5âlT5âlT5âlT

5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD

;FZ6L ZPZ RF,] PPPPP

!$ ZF9M0 0LPS[PZ__&5LV[RP0LP

;\:S'T lJQFIGFVwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0";FlCtIGL V;ZSFZSTFRSF;JL

( ;\:S'T 5n A[ H}YVFSl:DS5F+M4 DF+p¿Z S;M8LIMHGF

ZZ_ l JS"SF0";FlCtI

l jIFbIFG5âlT

l lR+;FDU|L

l wJlGD]lãT;FDU|L

8LvS;M8LlJRZ65'YÞZ6

l JS"SF0" ;FlCtI äFZFVwIF5GYL SgIFVM VG[S]DFZMDF\ ;\:S'T l;lâ êRLHMJF D/L CTLP

!5 J[SZLIF V[PALPZ__&V[DPV[0ŸP

GFDFGF D}/TÀJMlJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGLV;ZSFZSTF RSF;JL

!! GFDFGF\D}/TÀJM

VGFDTVG[HMUJF.

A[ H}YVFSl:DS5F+M4 DF+p¿Z S;M8LIMHGF

!Z_ l JS"SF0";FlCtI

l jIFbIFG5âlT

l VlES|lDTVwIIG

8LvS;M8LV[OvS;M8L

l SgIFVM DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtISZTF\ jIFbIFG 5âlT JW]V;ZSFZS CTLP

l S]DFZM DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIVG[ jIFbIFG 5âlT ;DFGV;ZSFZS CTLP

Page 51: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

3

6 3

6 3

6 3

6 3

6

;FZ6L ZP#;FZ6L ZP#;FZ6L ZP#;FZ6L ZP#;FZ6L ZP#

H}Y VwIF5G 5Z YI[,F 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGL ;\IMHGFtDS ;DL1FFH}Y VwIF5G 5Z YI[,F 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGL ;\IMHGFtDS ;DL1FFH}Y VwIF5G 5Z YI[,F 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGL ;\IMHGFtDS ;DL1FFH}Y VwIF5G 5Z YI[,F 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGL ;\IMHGFtDS ;DL1FFH}Y VwIF5G 5Z YI[,F 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGL ;\IMHGFtDS ;DL1FF

S|DS|DS|DS|DS|D

! hF,F V[;PALP!))ZV[DPV[0ŸP

5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4

VeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FF

C[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VM z[6Lz[6Lz[6Lz[6Lz[6L lJQFIlJQFIlJQFIlJQFIlJQFI V[SDV[SDV[SDV[SDV[SD 5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUSIMHGFIMHGFIMHGFIMHGFIMHGF

GD}GMGD}GMGD}GMGD}GMGD}GM :JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R, 5'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65âlT5âlT5âlT5âlT5âlT

5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD

;DFHlJnF lJQFIGFVwIF5G DF8[ H}YVwIF5G 5âlTGLV;ZSFZSTF RSF;JL

) ;DFHlJnF !PDMU, I]UGLl;lâVM VG[JFZ;M

ZP B[TL4 BGLHVG[ pnMU

#P ;CSFZ5|J'l¿ VG[HFC[Z lD,ST

A[ H}YVFSl:DS5F+M4 DF+p¿Z S;M8LIMHGF

!__ l H}YVwIF5G

l jIFbIFG5âlT

8LvS;M8L l jIFbIFG 5âlT SZTF\ H}YVwIF5G äFZFlJnFYL"VMGL X{1Fl6Sl;lâ êRL HMJFD/L CTLP

;FZ6L ZP# RF,] PPPPP

Z RaheelDhattiwala2006ProjectWork

IIM graduatesteam up tode-stress students

Primaryto

HighSchool

Psycho-logy

Stress - - - - School systems needto address issuesthat deal with astudents'spsychology, apartfrom scholasticper formance.

Page 52: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

3

7 3

7 3

7 3

7 3

7

S|DS|DS|DS|DS|D

# SunilkumarMaheshwari2007ProjectWork

5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\5|IMHSG]\GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4GFD4 JQF"4

VeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FFVeIF;S1FF

C[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VM z[6Lz[6Lz[6Lz[6Lz[6L lJQFIlJQFIlJQFIlJQFIlJQFI V[SDV[SDV[SDV[SDV[SD 5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUS5|IMlUSIMHGFIMHGFIMHGFIMHGFIMHGF

GD}GMGD}GMGD}GMGD}GMGD}GM :JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R, 5'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65âlT5âlT5âlT5âlT5âlT

5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD5lZ6FD

To help facultymembers researchstaff and doctoralstudents tospeedely sharetheir researchfindings

IIM Manag-ement

- - 2000 - - Team teachingdeveloed self imageof members, priorexperiences,Informal process andmutual learning.

;FZ6L ZP# RF,] PPPPP

$ Georgetownuniversity2008Projectwork

Work with localeducators todevelop &curriculum forEnglish languageteachers inGujarati languagesschools

8, 9, 10 English - - AMA(And.Mana-gementAsso-ciation)students

- - Team TeachingMethodwas effective.

5 SwroopSampat2008ProjectWork

To teach about lifeskills with the helpof team teaching

Primary English Lifeskills

- 30 - - Team TeachingMethodwas effective.

Page 53: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

38 38 38 38 38

ZP&ZP&ZP&ZP&ZP& Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D 5Z YI[,F 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGM ;FZF\XSd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D 5Z YI[,F 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGM ;FZF\XSd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D 5Z YI[,F 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGM ;FZF\XSd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D 5Z YI[,F 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGM ;FZF\XSd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D 5Z YI[,F 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGM ;FZF\X

V[DPV[0ŸP S1FFV[ YI[, ;\A\lWT ;\XMWGMGM ;FZF\X V+[ ZH} SZ[, K[P

VFZP0LP ;ÄU4 V[;PALP VFC]JF,LIF VG[ V[;PS[P JDF" s!))!fVFZP0LP ;ÄU4 V[;PALP VFC]JF,LIF VG[ V[;PS[P JDF" s!))!fVFZP0LP ;ÄU4 V[;PALP VFC]JF,LIF VG[ V[;PS[P JDF" s!))!fVFZP0LP ;ÄU4 V[;PALP VFC]JF,LIF VG[ V[;PS[P JDF" s!))!fVFZP0LP ;ÄU4 V[;PALP VFC]JF,LIF VG[ V[;PS[P JDF" s!))!f# V[ 5|MH[S8 JS" CFY

WZ[,P VF DF8[ prRTZ DFwIlDS S1FFGF ZZ_ lJnFYL"VMG[ GD}GF TZLS[ ,[JFDF\ VFjIF CTFP p5SZ6DF\

p¿ZS;M8LGM p5IMU SZL 5|IMU CFY WZFI[, CTMP 5|F%T DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6 VG[

8LvS;M8L äFZF SZJFDF\ VFjI\] CT\]P Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D äFZF SZFI[, VwIF5G jIFbIFG

5âlT SZTF\ JW] V;ZSFZS CT\]P

5LP HIFD6L s!))!f5LP HIFD6L s!))!f5LP HIFD6L s!))!f5LP HIFD6L s!))!f5LP HIFD6L s!))!f$ V[ WMZ6 VlUIFZGF lJnFYL"VMG[ GD}GF TZLS[ p5IMU SZLG[ T[DGF

5Z 5|IMU CFY WZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP 5|F%T DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 8LvS;M8L äFZF SZJFDF\ VFjI\] CT\]P

Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIF5G jIFbIFG 5âlT SZTF\ JW] V;ZSFZS CT\]P

ZMh s!))ZfZMh s!))ZfZMh s!))ZfZMh s!))ZfZMh s!))Zf5 V[ WMZ6 GJGF Ul6T lJQFIDF\ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG ;MO8J[ZGL

V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JF )& lJnFYL"VMG[ GD}GF TZLS[ 5;\N SZ[, CTFP 5|F%T DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6

8LvS;M8L4 SF.JU" S;M8L VG[ lävDFUL"I lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6 äFZF SZJFDF\ VFJ[, CT\]P H[DF\ lGdG

l;lâ WZFJTF lJnFYL"VM DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG JW] V;ZSFZS CT\]P

SFZLVF sZ__!fSFZLVF sZ__!fSFZLVF sZ__!fSFZLVF sZ__!fSFZLVF sZ__!f& V[ Ul6T lJQFIDF\ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTF

RSF;JF !_( lJnFYL"VMG[ GD}GF TZLS[ 5;\N SZ[, CTFP VCÄ ;ClJRZ6 5'YÞZ6 5âlTGM p5IMU

SZ[, CTMP H[DF\ S]DFZM DF8[ CAI SFI"S|D VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlT ;DFG V;ZSFZS CTFP HIFZ[ SgIFVM

DF8[ jIFbIFG 5âlT JW] V;ZSFZS 5]ZJFZ Y. CTLP

# VFZP0LP ;ÄU4 VC]JF,LIF VG[ V[;PS[P JDF"4 Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIGUl6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIGUl6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIGUl6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIGUl6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIGSFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTFSFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTFSFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTFSFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTFSFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTFP 5|MH[S8 JS"4 I]lGJl;"8L4 !))!P

$ 5LP HIFD6L4 prRTZ DFwIlDS XF/FGF EF{lTS lJ7FGGF lJQFIDF\ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLprRTZ DFwIlDS XF/FGF EF{lTS lJ7FGGF lJQFIDF\ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLprRTZ DFwIlDS XF/FGF EF{lTS lJ7FGGF lJQFIDF\ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLprRTZ DFwIlDS XF/FGF EF{lTS lJ7FGGF lJQFIDF\ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLprRTZ DFwIlDS XF/FGF EF{lTS lJ7FGGF lJQFIDF\ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFP V[DPlO,P V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 I]lGJl;"8L4 !))!P

5 V[PV[;PJLP ZMh4 WMZ6 GJGF Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLWMZ6 GJGF Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLWMZ6 GJGF Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLWMZ6 GJGF Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLWMZ6 GJGF Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFP 5LV[RP0LP V5|SFlXT DCFlGA\4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM84 !))ZP

& V[,PV[RP SFZLVF4 WMZ6 VF9GF Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLWMZ6 VF9GF Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLWMZ6 VF9GF Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLWMZ6 VF9GF Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLWMZ6 VF9GF Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFP 5LV[RP0LP V5|SFlXT DCFlGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM84 Z__!P

Page 54: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

39 39 39 39 39

BLZJF0SZ sZ__!fBLZJF0SZ sZ__!fBLZJF0SZ sZ__!fBLZJF0SZ sZ__!fBLZJF0SZ sZ__!f* V[ WMZ6 VlUIFZGF Z;FI6 lJ7FGGF *_ lJnFYL"VMG[ 5;\N SZL

CAI SFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTF RSF;L CTLP H[DF\ 5|F%T DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 8LvS;M8L äFZF SZ[, CT\]P

X{1Fl6S l;lâGF ;\NE"DF\ CAI SFI"S|D JW] V;ZSFZS ZæM CTMP

0F\UZ sZ__#f0F\UZ sZ__#f0F\UZ sZ__#f0F\UZ sZ__#f0F\UZ sZ__#f( V[ WMZ6 ;FTGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIDF\ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL

V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JF !!Z lJnFYL"VMG[ GD}GF TZLS[ 5;\N SZL 5|IMU CFY WZ[, CTMP 5|F%T DFlCTLG\]

5'YÞZ6 8LvS;M8L äFZF SZJFDF\ VFJ[, CT\]P H[DF\ 5|FYlDS S1FFV[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D

VG[ 5Z\5ZFUT 5âlT ;DFG V;ZSFZS ZæF CTF\P Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D 5|tI[

lJnFYL"VMGF VlE5|FIM CSFZFtDS ZæF CTFP

lCZF6L sZ__#flCZF6L sZ__#flCZF6L sZ__#flCZF6L sZ__#flCZF6L sZ__#f) V[ WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG lJQFIDF\ ccH{lJS lS|IFVMcc V[SD 5Z Sd%I}8Z

V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF SZL V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JF &! lJnFYL"VMG[ GD}GF TZLS[ 5;\N

SZ[, CTFP 5|F%T DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 8LvS;M8L VG[ SF.JU" S;M8L äFZF YI[, CT\]P H[DF\ 5Z\5ZFUT

5âlT JW] V;ZSFZS CTLP

KU sZ__$fKU sZ__$fKU sZ__$fKU sZ__$fKU sZ__$f!_ V[ WMZ6 ;FTGF lJ7FG lJQFIGF c5]Q5 VG[ O/c V[SD DF8[ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0

.g:8=SXG SFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JF &_ lJnFYL"VMG[ GD}GF TZLS[ 5;\N SZ[, CTFP p5SZ6

TZLS[ p¿ZS;M8L 5;\N SZ[, CTLP 5|F%T DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 SF.JU" S;M8L VG[ D[GlJ8GL UvS;M8L

äFZF SZJFDF\ VFJ[, CT\]P H[DF\ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D JWFZ[ V;ZSFZS ZæM CTMP

V\AF;6F sZ__$fV\AF;6F sZ__$fV\AF;6F sZ__$fV\AF;6F sZ__$fV\AF;6F sZ__$f!! V[ WMZ6 VF9GF lJ7FG lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ :JT\+ V\UT Sd%I}8Z

äFZF VG[ 5LIZ H}Y Dl<8DLl0VF 5|MH[S8 äFZF VwIIGGL V;ZSFZSTF RSF;L CTLP VF ;\XMWGDF\

:JT\+ V\UT Sd%I}8Z VG[ 5LIZ H}Y Dl<8DLl0VF 5|MH[S8GL VwIIG 5Z ;DFG V;Z HMJF D/L

CTLP V[8,[ S[ VF A\G[ 5âlTDF\YL SM.56 5âlTGM p5IMU lX1FS VwIIGvVwIF5G SFI"DF\ SZL

XS[P

* V[PVFZP BLZJF0SZ4 prRTZ DFwIlDS XF/FGF Z;FI6 lJ7FG lJQFIGF\ VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITprRTZ DFwIlDS XF/FGF Z;FI6 lJ7FG lJQFIGF\ VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITprRTZ DFwIlDS XF/FGF Z;FI6 lJ7FG lJQFIGF\ VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITprRTZ DFwIlDS XF/FGF Z;FI6 lJ7FG lJQFIGF\ VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITprRTZ DFwIlDS XF/FGF Z;FI6 lJ7FG lJQFIGF\ VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITVwIIG SFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTFVwIIG SFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTFVwIIG SFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTFVwIIG SFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTFVwIIG SFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTFP 5LV[RP0LP DCFlGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM84 Z__!P

( ALPÒ 0F\UZ4 5|FYlDS XF/FGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL5|FYlDS XF/FGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL5|FYlDS XF/FGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL5|FYlDS XF/FGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL5|FYlDS XF/FGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFP V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM84 Z__#P

) 8LPVFZP lCZF6L4 DFwIlDS XF/FS1FFV[ lJ7FG lJQFIGF ccH{lJS lS|IFVMcc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8ZDFwIlDS XF/FS1FFV[ lJ7FG lJQFIGF ccH{lJS lS|IFVMcc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8ZDFwIlDS XF/FS1FFV[ lJ7FG lJQFIGF ccH{lJS lS|IFVMcc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8ZDFwIlDS XF/FS1FFV[ lJ7FG lJQFIGF ccH{lJS lS|IFVMcc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8ZDFwIlDS XF/FS1FFV[ lJ7FG lJQFIGF ccH{lJS lS|IFVMcc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;P V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8=I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM84 Z__#P

!_ V[;P5LP KU4 WMZ6 ;FTGF lJ7FG lJQFIGF c5]Q5 VG[ O/c V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITWMZ6 ;FTGF lJ7FG lJQFIGF c5]Q5 VG[ O/c V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITWMZ6 ;FTGF lJ7FG lJQFIGF c5]Q5 VG[ O/c V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITWMZ6 ;FTGF lJ7FG lJQFIGF c5]Q5 VG[ O/c V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITWMZ6 ;FTGF lJ7FG lJQFIGF c5]Q5 VG[ O/c V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITVwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;P V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4ZFHSM84 Z__$P

!! V[P0LP V\AF;6F4 WMZ6 VF9GF lJ7FG lJQFIGF ccNAF6cc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITWMZ6 VF9GF lJ7FG lJQFIGF ccNAF6cc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITWMZ6 VF9GF lJ7FG lJQFIGF ccNAF6cc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITWMZ6 VF9GF lJ7FG lJQFIGF ccNAF6cc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITWMZ6 VF9GF lJ7FG lJQFIGF ccNAF6cc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITVwIIG SFI"S|D VG[ 5LIZ H}Y Dl<8DLl0VF 5|MH[S8GL V;ZSFZSTFVwIIG SFI"S|D VG[ 5LIZ H}Y Dl<8DLl0VF 5|MH[S8GL V;ZSFZSTFVwIIG SFI"S|D VG[ 5LIZ H}Y Dl<8DLl0VF 5|MH[S8GL V;ZSFZSTFVwIIG SFI"S|D VG[ 5LIZ H}Y Dl<8DLl0VF 5|MH[S8GL V;ZSFZSTFVwIIG SFI"S|D VG[ 5LIZ H}Y Dl<8DLl0VF 5|MH[S8GL V;ZSFZSTFP 5|MH[S8 JS"4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 Z__$P

Page 55: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

40 40 40 40 40

0-Fl6IF sZ__$f0-Fl6IF sZ__$f0-Fl6IF sZ__$f0-Fl6IF sZ__$f0-Fl6IF sZ__$f!Z V[ WMZ6 VF9GF lJ7FG lJQFIGF cNAF6c V[SD DF8[ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0.g:8=SXG SFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JF &! lJnFYL"VMG[ GD}GF TZLS[ 5;\N SZ[, CTFP p5SZ6TZLS[ p¿ZS;M8L 5;\N SZ[, CTLP 5|F%T DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 SF.JU" S;M8L VG[ D[GlJ8GL UvS;M8LäFZF SZJFDF\ VFJ[, CT\]P H[DF\ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D VG[ 5Z\5ZFUT 5âlT ;DFGV;ZSFZS CTFP

AlNIF6L sZ__5fAlNIF6L sZ__5fAlNIF6L sZ__5fAlNIF6L sZ__5fAlNIF6L sZ__5f!# V[ WMZ6 VF9GF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF jIFSZ6 lJEFUGF cclS|IF5Ncc DF8[CALL SFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JF DF8[ !*! lJnFYL"VMG[ GD}GF TZLS[ 5;\N SZ[, CTFP 5|F%TDFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 VG]JF S;M8LG[ 8SLvS;M8L äFZF SZJFDF\ VFJ[, CT\]P H[DF\ CALL äFZF SZJFDF\VFJT\] lX1F6SFI" êR\] CT\]P

NJ[ sZ__5fNJ[ sZ__5fNJ[ sZ__5fNJ[ sZ__5fNJ[ sZ__5f!$ V[ WMZ6 VlUIFZGF GFDFGF D}/TÀJMDF\ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLV;ZSFZSTF RSF;JF DF8[ !Z& lJnFYL"VMG[ GD}GF TZLS[ 5;\N SZ[, CTFP 5|F%T DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6;ClJRZ6 5'YÞZ6 S;M8L äFZF SZJFDF\ VFJ[, CT\]P H[DF\ S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVM DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITVwIIG SFI"S|D SZTF\ jIFbIFG 5âlT JW] V;ZSFZS ZCL CTLP

jIF; sZ__5fjIF; sZ__5fjIF; sZ__5fjIF; sZ__5fjIF; sZ__5f!5 V[ WMZ6 VF9GF lJ7FG lJQFIGF c;}1DÒJMc V[SD DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITVwIIG SFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JF 5( lJnFYL"VMG[ GD}GF TZLS[ 5;\N SZ[, CTFP H[DF\ 5|F%TDFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 8LvS;M8L VG[ SF.JU" S;M8L äFZF SZJFDF\ VFJ[,\] CT\]P Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIGVG[ jIFbIFG 5âlT ;DFG V;ZSFZS CTFP

UZRZ sZ__&fUZRZ sZ__&fUZRZ sZ__&fUZRZ sZ__&fUZRZ sZ__&f!& V[ WMZ6 KGF ;DFHlJnF lJQFIGF cc;F{Z 5lZJFZcc V[SD DF8[ Sd%I}8Z;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JF AFJG lJnFYL"VMG[ GD}GF TZLS[ 5;\N SZL 5|F%TDFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 8LvS;M8L äFZF SZ[, CT\]P H[DF\ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG 5âlT jIFbIFG 5âlTSZTF\ JW] V;ZSFZS CTLP

!Z 0LPV[DP 08Fl6IF4 WMZ6 VF9GF lJ7FG lJQFIGF cNAF6c V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITWMZ6 VF9GF lJ7FG lJQFIGF cNAF6c V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITWMZ6 VF9GF lJ7FG lJQFIGF cNAF6c V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITWMZ6 VF9GF lJ7FG lJQFIGF cNAF6c V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITWMZ6 VF9GF lJ7FG lJQFIGF cNAF6c V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITVwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;P V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4ZFHSM84 Z__$P

!# VF.PV[DP AlNIF6L4 WMZ6 VF9GF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF\ VwIF5G DF8[ WMZ6 VF9GF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF\ VwIF5G DF8[ WMZ6 VF9GF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF\ VwIF5G DF8[ WMZ6 VF9GF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF\ VwIF5G DF8[ WMZ6 VF9GF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF\ VwIF5G DF8[ CALL SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;P V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM84 Z__5P

!$ 5LP;LP NJ[4 GFDFGF D}/TÀJM lJQFIGF ccVFDGM\Wcc V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ JS"SF0" GFDFGF D}/TÀJM lJQFIGF ccVFDGM\Wcc V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ JS"SF0" GFDFGF D}/TÀJM lJQFIGF ccVFDGM\Wcc V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ JS"SF0" GFDFGF D}/TÀJM lJQFIGF ccVFDGM\Wcc V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ JS"SF0" GFDFGF D}/TÀJM lJQFIGF ccVFDGM\Wcc V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ JS"SF0" (WC) VG[ Sd%I}8Z VG[ Sd%I}8Z VG[ Sd%I}8Z VG[ Sd%I}8Z VG[ Sd%I}8Z;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D (CAL) 5|I]lSTGL V;ZSFZSTF 5|I]lSTGL V;ZSFZSTF 5|I]lSTGL V;ZSFZSTF 5|I]lSTGL V;ZSFZSTF 5|I]lSTGL V;ZSFZSTFP 5LV[RP0LP V5|SFlXT DCFXMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4ZFHSM84 Z__5P

!5 V[DPJFIP jIF;4 lJ7FG lJQFIGF c;}1DÒJMc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLlJ7FG lJQFIGF c;}1DÒJMc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLlJ7FG lJQFIGF c;}1DÒJMc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLlJ7FG lJQFIGF c;}1DÒJMc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLlJ7FG lJQFIGF c;}1DÒJMc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;P V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM84Z__5P

!& V[,PVFZP UZRZ4 ;DFHlJnFGF cc;F{Z 5lZJFZcc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG;DFHlJnFGF cc;F{Z 5lZJFZcc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG;DFHlJnFGF cc;F{Z 5lZJFZcc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG;DFHlJnFGF cc;F{Z 5lZJFZcc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG;DFHlJnFGF cc;F{Z 5lZJFZcc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIGSFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFSFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFSFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFSFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFSFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFP V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM84Z__&P

Page 56: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

41 41 41 41 41

;M,\SL sZ__&f;M,\SL sZ__&f;M,\SL sZ__&f;M,\SL sZ__&f;M,\SL sZ__&f!* V[ WMZ6 ;FTGF lJ7FG lJQFIGF cV[l;04 A[.h VG[ 1FFZc V[SD DF8[

Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JF )_ lJnFYL"VMG[ GD}GF TZLS[ ,LW[,

CTFP H[DF\ 5|F%T DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 ;ClJRZ6 äFZF YI[, CT\]P H[DF\ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG

SFI"S|D VG[ 5Z\5ZFUT 5âlT ;DFG V;ZSFZS CTFP

p5FwIFI sZ__&fp5FwIFI sZ__&fp5FwIFI sZ__&fp5FwIFI sZ__&fp5FwIFI sZ__&f!( V[ WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFI DF8[ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0

.g:8=SXG SFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JF !!& lJnFYL"VMG[ GD}GF TZLS[ 5;\N SZ[, CTFP p5SZ6

TZLS[ p¿ZS;M8L 5;\N SZ[, CTLP 5|F%T DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 8LvS;M8L VG[ SF.JU" S;M8L äFZF

SZJFDF\ VFJ[, CT\]P H[DF\ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D 5Z\5ZFUT 5âlT SZTF\ JWFZ[ V;ZSFZS

ZæM CTMP

RFJ0F sZ__*fRFJ0F sZ__*fRFJ0F sZ__*fRFJ0F sZ__*fRFJ0F sZ__*f!) V[ V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|DGL

V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JF WMZ6 GJGF !__ lJnFYL"VMG[ GD}GF TZLS[ 5;\N SZ[, CTFP 5|F%T DFlCTLG\]

5'YÞZ6 8LvS;M8L äFZF SZJFDF\ VFJ[, CT\]P H[DF\ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D 5Z\5ZFUT

5âlT SZTF\ JW] V;ZSFZS ZæM CTMP

DC[TF sZ__*fDC[TF sZ__*fDC[TF sZ__*fDC[TF sZ__*fDC[TF sZ__*fZ_ V[ V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|DGL

V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JF jIFSZ6GM "Adjectives" V[SD 5;\N SZL WMZ6 GJGF !__ lJnFYL"VMG[

5;\N SZ[, CTFP 5|F%T DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 8LvS;M8L äFZF SZJFDF\ VFjI\] CT\]P H[DF\ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0

.g:8=SXG SFI"S|D jIFbIFG 5âlT SZTF\ JW] V;ZSFZS 5}ZJFZ YIM CTMP

!* V[RPV[DP ;M,\SL4 WMZ6 ;FTGF lJ7FG lJQFIGF cV[l;04 A[.h VG[ 1FFZc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[WMZ6 ;FTGF lJ7FG lJQFIGF cV[l;04 A[.h VG[ 1FFZc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[WMZ6 ;FTGF lJ7FG lJQFIGF cV[l;04 A[.h VG[ 1FFZc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[WMZ6 ;FTGF lJ7FG lJQFIGF cV[l;04 A[.h VG[ 1FFZc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[WMZ6 ;FTGF lJ7FG lJQFIGF cV[l;04 A[.h VG[ 1FFZc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFSd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFSd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFSd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFSd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFP V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8=I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM84 Z__&P

!( VFZPV[RP p5FwIFI4 WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGF c5|Fl6 JUL"SZ6c V[SDGF VwIF5GWMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGF c5|Fl6 JUL"SZ6c V[SDGF VwIF5GWMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGF c5|Fl6 JUL"SZ6c V[SDGF VwIF5GWMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGF c5|Fl6 JUL"SZ6c V[SDGF VwIF5GWMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGF c5|Fl6 JUL"SZ6c V[SDGF VwIF5GDF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D (CAI) GL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF GL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF GL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF GL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF GL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFP V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMWlGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM84 Z__&P

!) H[PJLP RFJ0F4 WMZ6 GJGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF jIFSZ6DF\ WMZ6 GJGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF jIFSZ6DF\ WMZ6 GJGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF jIFSZ6DF\ WMZ6 GJGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF jIFSZ6DF\ WMZ6 GJGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF jIFSZ6DF\ 'Nouns' GF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT GF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT GF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT GF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT GF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITVwIIG SFI"S|D VwIIG SFI"S|D VwIIG SFI"S|D VwIIG SFI"S|D VwIIG SFI"S|D (CAI) GL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF GL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF GL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF GL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF GL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFP V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4ZFHSM84 Z__*P

Z_ CQF"N DC[TF4 WMZ6 GJGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF jIFSZ6DF\ WMZ6 GJGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF jIFSZ6DF\ WMZ6 GJGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF jIFSZ6DF\ WMZ6 GJGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF jIFSZ6DF\ WMZ6 GJGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF jIFSZ6DF\ 'Adjectives' GF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITVwIIG SFI"S|D VwIIG SFI"S|D VwIIG SFI"S|D VwIIG SFI"S|D VwIIG SFI"S|D (CAI) GL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF GL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF GL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF GL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF GL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFP V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4ZFHSM84 Z__*P

Page 57: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

42 42 42 42 42

ZP*ZP*ZP*ZP*ZP* JS"SF0" ;FlCtI 5Z YI[,F\ 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGM ;FZF\XJS"SF0" ;FlCtI 5Z YI[,F\ 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGM ;FZF\XJS"SF0" ;FlCtI 5Z YI[,F\ 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGM ;FZF\XJS"SF0" ;FlCtI 5Z YI[,F\ 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGM ;FZF\XJS"SF0" ;FlCtI 5Z YI[,F\ 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGM ;FZF\X

JS"SF0" ;FlCtI 5Z YI[,F\ 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGM ;FZF\X V+[ ZH} SZ[, K[P H[DF\ ;\XMWS[ JS"SF0"

;FlCtI VFWFlZT !5 ;\XMWGMGM VeIF; SZ[, CTMP

EFG]EF. s!))#fEFG]EF. s!))#fEFG]EF. s!))#fEFG]EF. s!))#fEFG]EF. s!))#fZ! V[ Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL V;ZSFZSTF

RSF;JF WMZ6 VlUIFZGF *_ lJnFYL"VMG[ 5;\N SIF" CTFP 5|F%T DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 8LvS;M8L

äFZF SZJFDF\ VFjI\] CT\]P H[DF\ JS"SF0" ;FlCtI äFZF SZFI[, VwIF5G JW] V;ZSFZS CT\]P

S\ ]0l,IF s!))&fS\]0l,IF s!))&fS\]0l,IF s!))&fS\]0l,IF s!))&fS\]0l,IF s!))&fZZ V[ WMZ6 VlUIFZGF ÒJlJ7FG lJQFIGF cSMQF lJEFHGc V[SD DF8[

JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JF DF8[ AFJG lJnFYL"VMG[ GD}GF TZLS[ 5;\N SIF" CTFP H[DF\

5|F%T DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 ;ClJRZ6 5'YÞZ6 S;M8L äFZF SZJFDF\ VFjI\] CT\]P H[DF\ JS"SF0" ;FlCtI

VG[ 5}ZS VwIF5G 5âlT ;DFG V;ZSFZS HMJF D/[, CTFP

hF,F s!))*fhF,F s!))*fhF,F s!))*fhF,F s!))*fhF,F s!))*fZ# V[ WMZ6 N;GF Ul6T lJQFIGF cVF\S0FXF:+c V[SD DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL

V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JF DF8[ !*$ lJnFYL"VMG[ GD}GF TZLS[ ,LW[, CTFP 5|F%T DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6

8LvS;M8L äFZF SZJFDF\ VFjI\] CT\]P H[DF\ S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVM A\G[ DF8[ JS"SF0" VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlT

;DFG V;ZSFZS CTFP

0[0Fl6IF s!))(f0[0Fl6IF s!))(f0[0Fl6IF s!))(f0[0Fl6IF s!))(f0[0Fl6IF s!))(fZ$ V[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JF DF8[ WMZ6 N;GF Ul6T

lJQFIGF cl+SM6lDlTc V[SD DF8[ !)& lJnFYL"VMG[ GD}GF TZLS[ ,LW[, CTFP 5|F%T DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6

8LvS;M8L VG[ ;ClJRZ6 5'YÞZ6 S;M8L äFZF SZJFDF\ VFjI\] CT\]P H[DF\ S]DFZMDF\ JS"SF0" ;FlCtI

VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlT ;DFG V;ZSFZS CTFP HIFZ[ SgIFVMDF\ jIFbIFG 5âlTGL T],GFDF\ JS"SF0"

;FlCtI JW] V;ZSFZS CT\]P

Z! EFG]EF. 58[,4 WMZ6 VlUIFZGF Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GLWMZ6 VlUIFZGF Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GLWMZ6 VlUIFZGF Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GLWMZ6 VlUIFZGF Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GLWMZ6 VlUIFZGF Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GLV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFP 5LV[RP0LP V5|SFlXT DCFXMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM84 !))#P

ZZ DF,F S\]0l,IF4 WMZ6 VlUIFZGF ÒJlJ7FG lJQFIGF cSMQF lJEFHGc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0"WMZ6 VlUIFZGF ÒJlJ7FG lJQFIGF cSMQF lJEFHGc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0"WMZ6 VlUIFZGF ÒJlJ7FG lJQFIGF cSMQF lJEFHGc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0"WMZ6 VlUIFZGF ÒJlJ7FG lJQFIGF cSMQF lJEFHGc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0"WMZ6 VlUIFZGF ÒJlJ7FG lJQFIGF cSMQF lJEFHGc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0";FlCtI VG[ VlES|lDT VwIIGGL V;ZSFZSTF;FlCtI VG[ VlES|lDT VwIIGGL V;ZSFZSTF;FlCtI VG[ VlES|lDT VwIIGGL V;ZSFZSTF;FlCtI VG[ VlES|lDT VwIIGGL V;ZSFZSTF;FlCtI VG[ VlES|lDT VwIIGGL V;ZSFZSTFP V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM84!))&P

Z# .,FS]DFZL hF,F4 WMZ6 N;GF Ul6T lJQFIGF cVF\S0FXF:+c V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ :JVwIIG 5|I]lSTWMZ6 N;GF Ul6T lJQFIGF cVF\S0FXF:+c V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ :JVwIIG 5|I]lSTWMZ6 N;GF Ul6T lJQFIGF cVF\S0FXF:+c V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ :JVwIIG 5|I]lSTWMZ6 N;GF Ul6T lJQFIGF cVF\S0FXF:+c V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ :JVwIIG 5|I]lSTWMZ6 N;GF Ul6T lJQFIGF cVF\S0FXF:+c V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ :JVwIIG 5|I]lSTTZLS[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;TZLS[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;TZLS[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;TZLS[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;TZLS[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;P V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM84!))*P

Z$ SLlT" 0[0Fl6IF4 WMZ6 N;GF Ul6T lJQFIGF cl+SM6lDlTc V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[WMZ6 N;GF Ul6T lJQFIGF cl+SM6lDlTc V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[WMZ6 N;GF Ul6T lJQFIGF cl+SM6lDlTc V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[WMZ6 N;GF Ul6T lJQFIGF cl+SM6lDlTc V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[WMZ6 N;GF Ul6T lJQFIGF cl+SM6lDlTc V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[T[GL V;ZSFZSTFT[GL V;ZSFZSTFT[GL V;ZSFZSTFT[GL V;ZSFZSTFT[GL V;ZSFZSTFP V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM84 !))(P

Page 58: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

43 43 43 43 43

;]ZF6L s!)))f;]ZF6L s!)))f;]ZF6L s!)))f;]ZF6L s!)))f;]ZF6L s!)))fZ5 V[ WMZ6 GJGF Ul6T lJQFIGF cU6lS|IFVMc V[SD DF8[ !)& lJnFYL"VMGM

GD}GM ,. JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL V;ZSFZSTF RSF;L CTLP 5|F%T DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 8LvS;M8L äFZF

SZJFDF\ VFJ[, CT\]P H[DF\ S]DFZM DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtI VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlT ;DFG V;ZSFZS CTLP

HIFZ[ SgIFVMDF\ JS"SF0" ;FlCtI 5âlT JW] V;ZSFZS ;FlAT YI[, CTLP

;lBIF sZ__!f;lBIF sZ__!f;lBIF sZ__!f;lBIF sZ__!f;lBIF sZ__!fZ& V[ V\U|[Ò jIFSZ6GF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL V;ZSFZSTF

RSF;JF WMZ6 VF9 YL AFZGF !Z_ lJnFYL"VMG[ GD}GF TZLS[ 5;\N SZ[, CTFP 5|F%T DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6

8LvS;M8L äFZF SZJFDF\ VFJ[, CT\]P H[DF\ S]DFZMDF\ jIFbIFG 5âlT SZTF\ JS"SF0" ;FlCtI 5âlT JW]

V;ZSFZS ZCL CTLP

58[, sZ__!f58[, sZ__!f58[, sZ__!f58[, sZ__!f58[, sZ__!fZ* V[ ;\:S'T jIFSZ6GF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JF

WMZ6 ( YL !Z GF !Z_ lJnFYL"VMG[ GD}GF TZLS[ 5;\N SZ[, CTFP 5|F%T DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 8LvS;M8L

äFZF SZJFDF\ VFJ[, CT\]P H[DF\ JS"SF0" ;FlCtI VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlT äFZF YT\] lX1F6 SFI" ;DFG

V;ZSFZS CT\]P

5\0IF sZ__Zf5\0IF sZ__Zf5\0IF sZ__Zf5\0IF sZ__Zf5\0IF sZ__Zf Z( V[ V\U|[Ò jIFSZ6GF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JF

WMZ6 ( YL !ZGF &_ lJnFYL"VMG[ GD}GF TZLS[ 5;\N SZ[, CTFP 5|F%T DFlCTLGF 5'YÞZ6 DF8[

8LvS;M8LGM p5IMU SZ[, CTMP H[DF\ jIFbIFG 5âlT VG[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtI 5âlT ;DFG V;ZSFZS

ZæF CTFP

Z5 T'l%T ;]ZF6L4 WMZ6 GJGF Ul6T lJQFIGF cU6lS|IFVMc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGLWMZ6 GJGF Ul6T lJQFIGF cU6lS|IFVMc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGLWMZ6 GJGF Ul6T lJQFIGF cU6lS|IFVMc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGLWMZ6 GJGF Ul6T lJQFIGF cU6lS|IFVMc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGLWMZ6 GJGF Ul6T lJQFIGF cU6lS|IFVMc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;P V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM84!)))P

Z& ZD[X ;lBIF4 WMZ6 VF9 YL AFZGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF WMZ6 VF9 YL AFZGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF WMZ6 VF9 YL AFZGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF WMZ6 VF9 YL AFZGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF WMZ6 VF9 YL AFZGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF 'Active and Passive Voice' V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" V[SD 5Z JS"SF0";FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFP V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM84Z__!P

Z* lJS|D 58[,4 WMZ6 GJGF ;\:S'T lJQFIGF c;\lWc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[WMZ6 GJGF ;\:S'T lJQFIGF c;\lWc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[WMZ6 GJGF ;\:S'T lJQFIGF c;\lWc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[WMZ6 GJGF ;\:S'T lJQFIGF c;\lWc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[WMZ6 GJGF ;\:S'T lJQFIGF c;\lWc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[T[GL V;ZSFZSTFT[GL V;ZSFZSTFT[GL V;ZSFZSTFT[GL V;ZSFZSTFT[GL V;ZSFZSTFP V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM84 Z__!P

Z( V<SF 5\0IF4 WMZ6 VF9 YL AFZGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF WMZ6 VF9 YL AFZGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF WMZ6 VF9 YL AFZGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF WMZ6 VF9 YL AFZGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF WMZ6 VF9 YL AFZGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF 'Direct Indirect Speech' V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" V[SD 5Z JS"SF0";FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFP V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM84Z__ZP

Page 59: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

44 44 44 44 44

JF-[/ sZ__ZfJF-[/ sZ__ZfJF-[/ sZ__ZfJF-[/ sZ__ZfJF-[/ sZ__ZfZ) V[ ;\:S'T jIFSZ6GF VwIF5G DF8[ cV,\SFZc V[SD 5;\N SZL WMZ6 ( YL

!Z GF &_ lJnFYL"VMG[ GD}GF TZLS[ ,LW[, CTFP 5|F%T DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 8LvS;M8L äFZF SZJFDF\

VFJ[, CT\]P H[DF\ JS"SF0" ;FlCtI 5âlT jIFbIFG 5âlT SZTF\ JW] V;ZSFZS ZCL CTLP

ZF9M0 sZ__#fZF9M0 sZ__#fZF9M0 sZ__#fZF9M0 sZ__#fZF9M0 sZ__#f#_ V[ JFl6HI Ul6TGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL V;ZSFZSTF

RSF;JF cS|DRI ;\RIc V[SD 5;\N SZL WMZ6 VlUIFZGF !Z& lJnFYL"VMG[ GD}GF TZLS[ 5;\N

SZ[, CTFP V\SXF:+LI 5|I]lSTVM TZLS[ 8LvS;M8LGM p5IMU SZ[, CTMP H[DF\ SgIFVM DF8[ JS"SF0"

5âlT VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlT ;DFG V;ZSFZS ZCL CTLP HIFZ[ S]DFZM DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtI 5âlT JW]

V;ZSFZS ZCL CTLP

VFRFI" sZ__5fVFRFI" sZ__5fVFRFI" sZ__5fVFRFI" sZ__5fVFRFI" sZ__5f#! V[ V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JF

WMZ6 GJGF !$& lJnFYL"VMG[ GD}GF TZLS[ 5;\N SZ[, CTFP V\SXF:+LI 5|I]lSTVM TZLS[ 8LvS;M8L4

V[OvS;M8L VG[ SF.JU" S;M8LGM p5IMU YI[, CTMP H[DF\ JS"SF0" ;FlCtI VG[ 5Z\5ZFUT 5âlT

;DFG V;ZSFZS CTFP

NJ[ sZ__5fNJ[ sZ__5fNJ[ sZ__5fNJ[ sZ__5fNJ[ sZ__5f#Z V[ GFDFGF D}/TÀJMGF VwIF5G DF8[ cVFDGM\Wc V[SD 5;\N SZL WMZ6

VlUIFZGF !Z& lJnFYL"VMG[ GD}GF TZLS[ 5;\N SZ[, CTFP 5|F%T DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 ;ClJRZ6

5'YÞZ6 S;M8L äFZF YI[, CT\]P H[DF\ S]DFZM T[DH SgIFVM DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtI SZTF\ jIFbIFG 5âlT

JW] V;ZSFZS ;FlAT YI[, CTLP

;lBIF sZ__&f;lBIF sZ__&f;lBIF sZ__&f;lBIF sZ__&f;lBIF sZ__&f## V[ V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JF

WMZ6 GJGF Z)$ lJnFYL"VMG[ GD}GF TZLS[ 5;\N SZ[, CTFP 5|F%T DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 8LvS;M8L

äFZF YI[, CT\]P H[DF\ JS"SF0" 5âlT jIFbIFG 5âlT SZTF\ JW] V;ZSFZS ;FlAT YI[, CTLP

Z) NL5S JF-[/4 WMZ6 VF9 YL AFZGF ;\:S'T lJQFIGF cV,\SFZc V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[WMZ6 VF9 YL AFZGF ;\:S'T lJQFIGF cV,\SFZc V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[WMZ6 VF9 YL AFZGF ;\:S'T lJQFIGF cV,\SFZc V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[WMZ6 VF9 YL AFZGF ;\:S'T lJQFIGF cV,\SFZc V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[WMZ6 VF9 YL AFZGF ;\:S'T lJQFIGF cV,\SFZc V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[T[GL V;ZSFZSTFT[GL V;ZSFZSTFT[GL V;ZSFZSTFT[GL V;ZSFZSTFT[GL V;ZSFZSTFP V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM84 Z__ZP

#_ V[;PV[;P ZF9M04 JFl6HI Ul6TGF VwIF5G DF8[ cS|DRI ;\RIc V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGFJFl6HI Ul6TGF VwIF5G DF8[ cS|DRI ;\RIc V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGFJFl6HI Ul6TGF VwIF5G DF8[ cS|DRI ;\RIc V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGFJFl6HI Ul6TGF VwIF5G DF8[ cS|DRI ;\RIc V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGFJFl6HI Ul6TGF VwIF5G DF8[ cS|DRI ;\RIc V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGFVG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFVG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFVG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFVG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFVG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFP V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM84 Z__#P

#! V[DP0LP VFRFI"4 WMZ6 GJGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GLWMZ6 GJGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GLWMZ6 GJGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GLWMZ6 GJGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GLWMZ6 GJGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GLV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFP V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM84 Z__5P

#Z 5LP;LP NJ[4 GFDFGF D}/TÀJM lJQFIGF cVFDGM\Wc V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ JS"SF0" GFDFGF D}/TÀJM lJQFIGF cVFDGM\Wc V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ JS"SF0" GFDFGF D}/TÀJM lJQFIGF cVFDGM\Wc V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ JS"SF0" GFDFGF D}/TÀJM lJQFIGF cVFDGM\Wc V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ JS"SF0" GFDFGF D}/TÀJM lJQFIGF cVFDGM\Wc V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ JS"SF0" (WC) VG[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VG[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VG[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VG[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VG[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITVwIIG SFI"S|D VwIIG SFI"S|D VwIIG SFI"S|D VwIIG SFI"S|D VwIIG SFI"S|D (CAI) 5|I]lSTVMGL V;ZSFZSTF 5|I]lSTVMGL V;ZSFZSTF 5|I]lSTVMGL V;ZSFZSTF 5|I]lSTVMGL V;ZSFZSTF 5|I]lSTVMGL V;ZSFZSTFP 5LV[RP0LP V5|SFlXT DCFXMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4ZFHSM84 Z__5P

## VFZPALP ;lBIF4 V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF jIFSZ6GF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GLV\U|[Ò lJQFIGF jIFSZ6GF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GLV\U|[Ò lJQFIGF jIFSZ6GF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GLV\U|[Ò lJQFIGF jIFSZ6GF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GLV\U|[Ò lJQFIGF jIFSZ6GF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GLV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFP 5LV[RP0LP V5|SFlXT DCFXMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM84 Z__&P

Page 60: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

45 45 45 45 45

ZF9M0 sZ__&fZF9M0 sZ__&fZF9M0 sZ__&fZF9M0 sZ__&fZF9M0 sZ__&f#$ V[ ;\:S'T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JF

WMZ6 VF9GF ZZ_ lJnFYL"VMG[ GD}GF TZLS[ 5;\N SZ[, CTFP 5|F%T DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 SZJF DF8[

8LvS;M8L VG[ lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6 S;M8LGM p5IMU YI[, CTMP H[DF\ JS"SF0" ;FlCtI äFZF VwIF5GYL

SgIFVM VG[ S]DFZMDF\ ;\:S'T l;lâ êRL HMJF D/L CTLP

J[SlZIF sZ__&fJ[SlZIF sZ__&fJ[SlZIF sZ__&fJ[SlZIF sZ__&fJ[SlZIF sZ__&f#5 V[ GFDFGF\ D}/TÀJM lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL

V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JF WMZ6 VlUIFZGF cVGFDT VG[ HMUJF.c V[SDG[ 5;\N SZ[, CTMP H[DF\

!Z_ lJnFYL"VMG[ GD}GF TZLS[ 5;\N SZ[, CTFP 5|F%T DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 8LvS;M8L VG[ V[OvS;M8L

äFZF SZJFDF\ VFJ[, CT\]P H[DF\ SgIFVM DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtI SZTF\ jIFbIFG 5âlT JW] V;ZSFZS ZCL

CTLP HIFZ[ S]DFZM DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtI VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlT ;DFG V;ZSFZS ZæF CTFP

ZP(ZP(ZP(ZP(ZP( H}Y VwIF5G 5Z YI[,F\ 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGM ;FZF\XH}Y VwIF5G 5Z YI[,F\ 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGM ;FZF\XH}Y VwIF5G 5Z YI[,F\ 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGM ;FZF\XH}Y VwIF5G 5Z YI[,F\ 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGM ;FZF\XH}Y VwIF5G 5Z YI[,F\ 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGM ;FZF\X

hF,F s!))ZfhF,F s!))ZfhF,F s!))ZfhF,F s!))ZfhF,F s!))Zf#& V[ ;DFHlJnF lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlTGL V;ZSFZSTF

RSF;JF DF8[ WMZ6 GJGF !__ lJnFYL"VMG[ GD}GF TZLS[ 5;\N SZ[, CTFP 5|F%T DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6

SZJF DF8[ 8LvS;M8LGM p5IMU SZ[, CTMP H[DF\ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlT äFZF lJnFYL"VMGL X{1Fl6S

l;lâ êRL HMJF D/L CTLP

WZLJF, sZ__&fWZLJF, sZ__&fWZLJF, sZ__&fWZLJF, sZ__&fWZLJF, sZ__&f#* V[ H}Y VwIF5GGL V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JF 5|FYlDS XF/FYL ,.G[

CF.:S},GF lJnFYL"VMG[ GD}GF TZLS[ ,LWF CTFP AF/SMGF\ DGMlJ7FG VG[ XF/FSLI AFATMDF\ H}Y

VwIF5G 5âlT H~ZL ;FlAT YI[, CTLP

DC[`JZL sZ__*fDC[`JZL sZ__*fDC[`JZL sZ__*fDC[`JZL sZ__*fDC[`JZL sZ__*f#( V[ H}Y VwIF5GGL V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JF DF8[ IIM GF Z__ lJnFYL"VMG[

GD}GF TZLS[ 5;\N SZ[, CTFP VF ;\XMWGG[ V\T[ ;FlAT YI\] S[ H}Y VwIF5G äFZF lJnFYL"VMDF\

:JVM/B4 :JvVG]EJ T[DH VFtDlJ`JF; S[/JL XSFIM CTMP

#$ 0LPS[P ZF9M04 lR+ ;FDU|L4 UFG 5âlT VG[ JS"SF0"GL ;\:S'lT lJQFIDF\ l;lâ VG[ ;\:S'T lJQFI 5ZtJ[GFlR+ ;FDU|L4 UFG 5âlT VG[ JS"SF0"GL ;\:S'lT lJQFIDF\ l;lâ VG[ ;\:S'T lJQFI 5ZtJ[GFlR+ ;FDU|L4 UFG 5âlT VG[ JS"SF0"GL ;\:S'lT lJQFIDF\ l;lâ VG[ ;\:S'T lJQFI 5ZtJ[GFlR+ ;FDU|L4 UFG 5âlT VG[ JS"SF0"GL ;\:S'lT lJQFIDF\ l;lâ VG[ ;\:S'T lJQFI 5ZtJ[GFlR+ ;FDU|L4 UFG 5âlT VG[ JS"SF0"GL ;\:S'lT lJQFIDF\ l;lâ VG[ ;\:S'T lJQFI 5ZtJ[GFJ,6 5ZGL V;ZSFZSTFJ,6 5ZGL V;ZSFZSTFJ,6 5ZGL V;ZSFZSTFJ,6 5ZGL V;ZSFZSTFJ,6 5ZGL V;ZSFZSTFP 5LV[RP0LP V5|SFlXT DCFXMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM84 Z__&P

#5 V[PALP J[SlZIF4 GFDFGF D}/TÀJM lJQFIGF cVGFDT VG[ HMUJF.c V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0"GFDFGF D}/TÀJM lJQFIGF cVGFDT VG[ HMUJF.c V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0"GFDFGF D}/TÀJM lJQFIGF cVGFDT VG[ HMUJF.c V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0"GFDFGF D}/TÀJM lJQFIGF cVGFDT VG[ HMUJF.c V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0"GFDFGF D}/TÀJM lJQFIGF cVGFDT VG[ HMUJF.c V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0";FlCtI VG[ VlES|lDT VwIIGGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF;FlCtI VG[ VlES|lDT VwIIGGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF;FlCtI VG[ VlES|lDT VwIIGGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF;FlCtI VG[ VlES|lDT VwIIGGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF;FlCtI VG[ VlES|lDT VwIIGGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFP V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8=I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM84 Z__&P

#& V[;PALP hF,F4 WMZ6 GJGF ;DFHlJnF lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlTGL V;ZSFZSTFWMZ6 GJGF ;DFHlJnF lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlTGL V;ZSFZSTFWMZ6 GJGF ;DFHlJnF lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlTGL V;ZSFZSTFWMZ6 GJGF ;DFHlJnF lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlTGL V;ZSFZSTFWMZ6 GJGF ;DFHlJnF lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlTGL V;ZSFZSTFPV[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM84 !))ZP

#* Raheel Dhattiwala, IIM graduates team up to destress students. Times of India,Ahmedabad, 2006.

#( Sunilkumar Maheswari, Dynamics of team teaching and research in a managementschool. Project work, published research paper, Indian Institute of management, Ahmedabad,2007.

Page 61: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

46 46 46 46 46

;\5T sZ__(f;\5T sZ__(f;\5T sZ__(f;\5T sZ__(f;\5T sZ__(f#) V[ ÒJG SF{X<IM DF8[ H}Y VwIF5GGL V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JF 5|FYlDS

XF/FGF Z__ lJnFYL"VMG[ GD}GF TZLS[ 5;\N SZ[, CTFP V\SXF:+LI 5|I]lST TZLS[ 8LvS;M8L ,LW[,

CTLP H[DF\ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlT JW] V;ZSFZS ;FlAT YI[, CTLP

HIMH" 8FpG I]lGJl;"8L sZ__(fHIMH" 8FpG I]lGJl;"8L sZ__(fHIMH" 8FpG I]lGJl;"8L sZ__(fHIMH" 8FpG I]lGJl;"8L sZ__(fHIMH" 8FpG I]lGJl;"8L sZ__(f$_ V[ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlTGL V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JF

DF8[ V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF lX1F6lJNMGL 8LD AGFJL VDNFJFN D[G[HD[g8 V[;Ml;V[XG (AMA) GF

lJnFYL"VMG[ GD}GF TZLS[ 5;\N SZ[, CTFP

ZP)ZP)ZP)ZP)ZP) 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGL ,F1Fl6STFVMG\ ] lJ`,[QF65]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGL ,F1Fl6STFVMG\ ] lJ`,[QF65]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGL ,F1Fl6STFVMG\ ] lJ`,[QF65]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGL ,F1Fl6STFVMG\ ] lJ`,[QF65]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMGL ,F1Fl6STFVMG\ ] lJ`,[QF6

;\XMWS[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGF !( ;\XMWGM4 JS"SF0" ;CFlIT VwIF5G 5âlTGF

!5 ;\XMWGM VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlTGF _5 ;\XMWGM D/L S], #( ;\XMWGMGM VeIF; SIM" CTMP

H[DF\ V[DPV[0ŸP S1FFGF ZZ VG[ 5LV[RP0LP S1FFGF _) ;\XMWG T[DH _& 5|MH[S8 JS" VG[ _!

V[DPlO,PGF ;\XMWGGM ;DFJ[X YI[, CTMP VF ;\XMWGMGL ,F1Fl6STFVM VF 5|DF6[ K[P

ZP)P!ZP)P!ZP)P!ZP)P!ZP)P! Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D ;\A\lWT ;\XMWGMSd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D ;\A\lWT ;\XMWGMSd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D ;\A\lWT ;\XMWGMSd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D ;\A\lWT ;\XMWGMSd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D ;\A\lWT ;\XMWGMP 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMDF\ Sd%I}8Z

;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D JF5ZLG[ YI[,F ;\XMWGMGL ;\bIF !( CTLP H[DF\ V[DPV[0ŸP S1FFGF !!

;\XMWGM4 5LV[RP0LP S1FFGF _$ ;\XMWGM4 V[DPlO,P S1FFG\] _! ;\XMWG T[DH 5|MH[S8 JS"DF\ _Z

;\XMWG V[D S], !* ;\XMWGMGM ;DFJ[X SZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP

0F\UZ sZ__#f4 lCZF6L sZ__#f4 KU sZ__$f4 0-Fl6IF sZ__$f4 AlNIF6L sZ__5f4

jIF; sZ__5f4 UZRZ sZ__&f4 ;M,\SL sZ__&f4 p5FwIFI sZ__&f4 RFJ0F sZ__*f4

DC[TF sZ__*f GF ;\XMWGM V[DPV[0ŸP S1FFGF Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D ;\A\lWT CTFP

ZMh s!))Zf4 SFZLVF sZ__!f4 BLZJF0SZ sZ__!f4 NJ[ sZ__5f GF ;\XMWGM 5LV[RP0LP

S1FFGF Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D ;\A\lWT CTFP

;ÄU4 VFC]JFl,IF4 JDF" s!))!f4 V\AF;6F sZ__$f G\] ;\XMWG 5|MH[S8 JS"GF ;\NE"DF\

Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D ;\A\lWT CT\]P HIFZ[ HIFD6L s!))!f G\] ;\XMWG V[DPlO,P

S1FFG\] Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D ;\A\lWT CT\]P

#) Swaroop Sampat, Effectiveness of team teaching about life skills. Unique educationalprogramme, GCERT, Gandhinagar, 2008.

$_ Georgetown University, Effectiveness of team teaching about English languagefellow programme. Project work, Published research paper, Georgetown University, 2008.

Page 62: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

47 47 47 47 47

ZP)PZZP)PZZP)PZZP)PZZP)PZ JS"SF0" ;FlCtI ;\A\lWT ;\XMWGMP JS"SF0" ;FlCtI ;\A\lWT ;\XMWGMP JS"SF0" ;FlCtI ;\A\lWT ;\XMWGMP JS"SF0" ;FlCtI ;\A\lWT ;\XMWGMP JS"SF0" ;FlCtI ;\A\lWT ;\XMWGMP 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMDF\ JS"SF0" ;FlCtI JF5ZLG[

YI[,F ;\XMWGMGL ;\bIF !5 CTLP H[DF\ V[DPV[0ŸP S1FFGF !_ ;\XMWGM VG[ 5LV[RP0LP S1FFGF _5

;\XMWGM V[D S], D/LG[ !5 ;\XMWGMGM ;DFJ[X SZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP

S\]0l,IF s!))&f4 hF,F s!))*f4 0[0Fl6IF s!))Zf4 ;]ZF6L s!)))f4 ;lBIF sZ__!f4

58[, sZ__!f4 5\0IF sZ__Zf4 JF-[/ sZ__Zf4 ZF9M0 sZ__#f4 J[SZLIF sZ__&f GF ;\XMWGM

V[DPV[0ŸP S1FFGF JS"SF0" ;FlCtI ;\A\lWT CTFP

58[, s!))#f4 VFRFI" sZ__5f4 NJ[ sZ__5f4 ;lBIF sZ__&f4 ZF9M0 sZ__&f GF

;\XMWGM 5LV[RP0LP S1FFGF JS"SF0" ;FlCtI ;\A\lWT CTFP H[DF\ ;F{YL JW] 5F+MGL ;\bIF ZF9M0 sZ__&f

V[ ZZ_ GL ,LW[, CTLP HIFZ[ ;F{YL VMKF 5F+M S\]0l,IF s!))&f V[ 5Z GL ;\bIF ,LW[, CTLP

ZP)P#ZP)P#ZP)P#ZP)P#ZP)P# H}Y VwIF5G ;\A\lWT ;\XMWGMP H}Y VwIF5G ;\A\lWT ;\XMWGMP H}Y VwIF5G ;\A\lWT ;\XMWGMP H}Y VwIF5G ;\A\lWT ;\XMWGMP H}Y VwIF5G ;\A\lWT ;\XMWGMP 5]ZMUFDL ;\XMWGMDF\ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlT JF5ZLG[

YI[, ;\XMWGMGL ;\bIF _5 CTLP H[DF\ V[DPV[0ŸP S1FFG\] _! ;\XMWG CT\]P HIFZ[ _$ ;\XMWGM 5|MH[S8

JS" VFWFlZT CTFP

hF,F s!))Zf G\] ;\XMWG V[DPV[0ŸP S1FFG\] H}Y VwIF5G ;\A\lWT CT\]P H[DF\ 5'YÞZ6 5âlT

TZLS[ 8LvS;M8L ,[JFDF\ VFJL CTLP

WZLJF, sZ__&f4 DC[`JZL sZ__*f4 ;\5T sZ__(f4 HIMH" I]lGJl;"8L sZ__(f GF

;\XMWG 5|MH[S8 JS" VFWFlZT H}Y VwIF5G 5âlT D]HAGF CTFP

ZP!_ZP!_ZP!_ZP!_ZP!_ 5|:T]T ;\XMWGGL lJX[QFTF5|:T]T ;\XMWGGL lJX[QFTF5|:T]T ;\XMWGGL lJX[QFTF5|:T]T ;\XMWGGL lJX[QFTF5|:T]T ;\XMWGGL lJX[QFTF

;\XMWS[ 5MTFGL ;D:IFG[ VG]~5 S], #( H[8,F ;\XMWGM 5;\N SZL VeIF; SIM" CTMP T[DGF

;\NE[" 5|:T]T ;\XMWG GLR[GL AFATMDF\ V,U 50[ K[P

;DL1FF DF8[ 5;\N YI[, #( ;\XMWGMDF\YL ZZ ;\XMWGM V[DPV[0ŸP S1FFGF4 _) ;\XMWGM

5LV[RP0LP S1FFGF4 _& ;\XMWGM 5|MH[S8 JS" S1FFGF VG[ _! ;\XMWG V[DPlO,P S1FFG\] CT\]P H[DF\YL

_* V[DPV[0ŸP S1FFGF ;\XMWG lJ7FG lJQFI 5Z YI[, CTFP HIFZ[ _! 5LV[RP0LP S1FFG\] ;\XMWG

lJ7FG lJQFI 5Z YI[, CT\]P HIFZ[ 5|:T]T ;\XMWG lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF +6 V[SD 5;\N

SZL CFY WZFI[, CT\]P

;G[ Z__$ YL DFwIlDS XF/FGF WMZ6 GJGF\ GJF VeIF;S|DGF\ 5F9I5]:TSM VD,DF\ VFjIF\

CTF\P GJF 5F9I5]:TS 5ZG]\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIDF\ 5|:T]T ;\XMWG ALH\] K[P

Page 63: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

48 48 48 48 48

5|:T]T ;\XMWG SFI" V\TU"T WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z

V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D T{IFZ SZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP VFD4 5|:T]T ;\XMWG lJ7FG lX1F64

V[HI]S[XG, 8[SGM,lH T[DH ICT GF\ 1F[+G[ :5X[" K[P

5}J["GF VeIF;MGF JS"SF0" ;FlCtI VFWFlZT ;\XMWGMDF\ lR+M D}SJFDF\ VFJ[, G CTFP ;\XMWS[

5|:T]T ;\XMWGDF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHGF 5;\lNT V[SDMG[ VG]~5 lR+M 56 D}S[,F\ CTFP

V[DPV[0ŸP S1FFV[ DF+ V[S H ;\XMWG H}Y VwIF5G VFWFlZT YI[, CT\]P ;\XMWS[ 5|:T]T

;\XMWGDF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFI DF8[ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlTGM p5IMU SZLG[ ;\XMWG SFI" CFY

WZ[, CT\]P

Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" ;FlCtI4 H}Y VwIF5G 5âlT VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlT

V[D RFZ 5|SFZGL 5âlTVM V[S ;FY[ JF5ZJFDF\ VFJL CMI T[J\] 5}J[" V[S 56 ;\XMWG YI[, G CT\]P

5|:T]T ;\XMWG VF RFZ[I 5âlTGM p5IMU YI[, 5|YD ;\XMWG K[P

5|:T]T ;\XMWGDF\ JF5ZJFDF\ VFJ[,F\ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" ;FlCtI4 H}Y

VwIF5G SFI"S|D VG[ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGL l;lâ S;M8LGL ;\XMWS[ ZRGF SZ[, CTLP

VFD VUFpGF ;\XMWG SZTF\ 5|:T]T ;\XMWG VFUJL lJX[QFTF WZFJ[ K[P

CJ[ 5KLGF 5|SZ6DF\ ;\XMWG IMHGF VG[ T[GL VFWFZlX,FVMGL lJUT[ ZH}VFT SZJFDF\

VFJ[, K[P

Page 64: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

49 49 49 49 495|SZ6 v #5|SZ6 v #5|SZ6 v #5|SZ6 v #5|SZ6 v #

;\XMWG IMHGF VG[ T[GF VFWFZM;\XMWG IMHGF VG[ T[GF VFWFZM;\XMWG IMHGF VG[ T[GF VFWFZM;\XMWG IMHGF VG[ T[GF VFWFZM;\XMWG IMHGF VG[ T[GF VFWFZM

#P_#P_#P_#P_#P_ 5|:TFJGF5|:TFJGF5|:TFJGF5|:TFJGF5|:TFJGF

WMZ6 GJGF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGF 5;\lNT V[SDM c5|F6L5[XLVMc4 cJG:5lT JUL"SZ6c

VG[ c5|F6L JUL"SZ6c V[SDM DF8[ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG (CAI) SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y

VwIF5GGL V;ZSFZSTF 5Z\5ZFUT lX1F6 5âlTGL ;F5[1FDF\ RSF;JF DF8[ 5|:T]T VeIF; CFY

WZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP VF VeIF; ;\A\lWT DCÀJGL AFATM H[JL S[ ;DlQ84 GD}GF 5;\NUL4 VeIF;GL

SFI"~5Z[BF4 VeIF;GL ,F1Fl6STFVM VG[ IYFY"TFGL RRF" 5|:T]T 5|SZ6DF\ SZJFDF\ VFJL K[P

#P!#P!#P!#P!#P! jIF5lJ`JjIF5lJ`JjIF5lJ`JjIF5lJ`JjIF5lJ`J

5|IMU DF8[GM GD}GM H[ ;D}CDF\YL 5;\N SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ T[ D}/E}T 5F+MGF ;D}CG[ jIF5lJ`J

SC[ K[P

5|:T]T VeIF;G\] jIF5lJ`J JQF" Z__(vZ__)DF\ ZFHSM8 XC[ZGL U]HZFTL DFwIDGL

DFwIlDS XF/FVMDF\ VeIF; SZTF WMZ6 GJGF\ lJnFYL"VM 5}ZT\] ;LlDT CT\]P

#PZ#PZ#PZ#PZ#PZ GD}GF 5;\NULGD}GF 5;\NULGD}GF 5;\NULGD}GF 5;\NULGD}GF 5;\NUL

;DlQ8DF\YL 5|IMU DF8[ 5;\N SZ[,F 5F+MG\] 5|lTlGlWtJ SZT\] H}Y V[8,[ GD}GMP

GD}GF 5;\NUL ZLTGM VG[ GD}GFGF SNGM VFWFZ VeIF;GF R,4 D[/JJF WFZ[, 5lZ6FDGL

RMS;F.4 jIF5lJ`JGL lJXF/TF4 lJQFDTF4 VlGI\l+T R,MGL ;\bIF4 DFlCTL 5'YÞZ6GL 5âlT

T[DH VeIF;GL 5âlT 5Z ZC[,M K[P 5;\N SZ[,M GD}GM ;DU| jIF5lJ`JG\] 5|lTlGlWtJ SZJF p5ZF\T

5}J"U|C ZlCT CMJM HM.V[P GD}GF 5;\NULYL ;DI4 XlST VG[ zDGL ART YTF\ T[ +6[IGM JW] ;FZM

p5IMU SZL XSFI K[P 5lZ6FD[ ;FZF V\S]XM ZFBL ê0F65}J"S lJXNŸ VeIF; Y. XS[ K[P

5|FIMlUS ;\XMWGDF\ J6"GFtDS ;\XMWGGL T],GFDF\ GFGM GD}GM 5;\N SZL 5|IMU SZJFDF\

VFJ[ K[P VFYL 5|FIMlUS ;\XMWGDF\ jIF5lJ`JG\] ;\5}6" 5|lTlGlWtJ SZTM CMI T[JM GD}GM D[/JJM

D]xS[, K[P T[ H ZLT[ ;J["1F6 5|SFZGF ;\XMWGDF\ DM8M GD}GM 5|F%T YFI K[P HIFZ[ 5|FIMlUS ;\XMWGDF\

:JT\+ R,GM ,F\AF ;DI ;]WL VD, SZJFGM K[P T[YL ;\XMWS GD}GFGF\ 5F+M ;FY[ ,F\AF ;DI ;]WL

SFI" SZTM CMI ;J["1F6 S[ VgI 5|SFZGF ;\XMWGGL T],GFDF\ GD}GM GFGM 5;\N SZ[ K[P N[;F.V[ GD}GF

5;\NULGL lJlJW ZLTM VF 5|DF6[ NXF"JL K[P

Page 65: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

50 50 50 50 50

VPVPVPVPVP ;\EFjI GD}GF 5âlTVM;\EFjI GD}GF 5âlTVM;\EFjI GD}GF 5âlTVM;\EFjI GD}GF 5âlTVM;\EFjI GD}GF 5âlTVM

!P VFSl:DS GD}GM

ZP :TZLS'T GD}GM

#P IMHGFAâ GD}GM

$P h}DBF\ GD}GM

APAPAPAPAP lG6"IFtDS GD}GF 5âlTVMlG6"IFtDS GD}GF 5âlTVMlG6"IFtDS GD}GF 5âlTVMlG6"IFtDS GD}GF 5âlTVMlG6"IFtDS GD}GF 5âlTVM

5P VFG];\lUS GD}GM

&P ;C[T]S GD}GM

*P lGIT lC:;FGM GD}GM

SPSPSPSPSP GD}GF 5;\NULGL VgI 5âlTVMGD}GF 5;\NULGL VgI 5âlTVMGD}GF 5;\NULGL VgI 5âlTVMGD}GF 5;\NULGL VgI 5âlTVMGD}GF 5;\NULGL VgI 5âlTVM

(P HM0SF\ GD}GM

) A[J0M GD}GM

!_P S|DXo GD}GM

!!P AC] ;M5FGL GD}GM

5|:T]T ;\XMWGGF ;\NE"DF\ GD}GF 5;\NUL GLR[ 5|DF6[ SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP

#PZP!#PZP!#PZP!#PZP!#PZP! XF/F 5;\NULP XF/F 5;\NULP XF/F 5;\NULP XF/F 5;\NULP XF/F 5;\NULP 5|IMU SFI"DF\ VG]S}/TF ZC[ T[ DF8[ T[DH 5|IMUGF VG];\WFG[ XF/FGF

;\RF,SM4 VFRFIM"4 lX1FSM TYF lJnFYL"VMGM ;CSFZ D/L ZC[ T[ DF8[ :YFlGS V[8,[ S[ ZFHSM8 XC[ZGL

A[ DFwIlDS XF/FVM 5;\N SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP VFD ;C[T]S GD}GF 5;\NULG[ VG]~5 HIF\ JW]

;CSFZ D/L ZC[ T[JL XF/FVM 5;\N SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP VF XF/FVM GLR[ D]HA CTLP

!P zL DF;]D lJnF,I4 ZFHSM8

ZP zL 5\RXL, lJnF,I4 ZFHSM8

#PZPZ#PZPZ#PZPZ#PZPZ#PZPZ H}Y 5;\NULP H}Y 5;\NULP H}Y 5;\NULP H}Y 5;\NULP H}Y 5;\NULP 5|:T]T ;\XMWGDF\ p5ZMST XF/FVMGL 5;\NUL YIF AFN 5|IMUGM

VD, SZJF DF8[ H}YMGL 5;\NUL SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP 5|IMUv! VG[ 5|IMUvZ DF8[GF VF H}YMGL

5;\NUL GLR[ D]HA SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP

5|IMUv!GF VD,LSZ6 DF8[GM GD}GMP 5|IMUv!GF VD,LSZ6 DF8[GM GD}GMP 5|IMUv!GF VD,LSZ6 DF8[GM GD}GMP 5|IMUv!GF VD,LSZ6 DF8[GM GD}GMP 5|IMUv!GF VD,LSZ6 DF8[GM GD}GMP 5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ 5|IMUv!GF VD,LSZ6 DF8[

XF/F4 lJnFYL"VM VG[ 5|IMUGL VG]S}/TF T[DH jIJ:YF5GG[ wIFGDF\ ,. ZFHSM8 XC[ZGL XF/F

zL DF;]D lJnF,I 5;\N SZJFDF\ VFJ[,L CTLP VF XF/FDF\ WMZ6 GJGF U]HZFTL DFwIDGF S], 5F\R

JUM" CTFP T[ 5{SL lRõL AGFJL A[ JUM" 5;\N SIF" CTFP H[DF\ S]DFZMGL S], ;\bIF !__ CTLP

Page 66: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

51 51 51 51 51

AWF H lJnFYL"VMGF GFDGL lRõL AGFJL V[S DM8F JF;6DF\ ZFBJFDF\ VFJLP T[DF\YL V[S V[S

lRõL p5F0LG[ H]NF H]NF RFZ JF;6DF\ V[S 5KL V[S lRõL GFBJFDF\ VFJL CTLP VF ZLT[ NZ[S JF;6DF\

lJnFYL"VMGF GFDJF/L Z5vZ5 lRõLVM Y. CTLP VF Z5 lJnFYL"VMG\] V[S H}Y V[D RFZ H}Y

AGFJJFDF\ VFjIF CTFP RFZ[I H}YG[ S. 5âlTYL VwIIGvVwIF5G SZFJJ\] T[ GÞL SZJF DF8[

Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0"4 H}Y VwIF5G VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlT ,B[, lRõL AGFJJFDF\

VFJL CTLP VF lRõLVM p5F0L NZ[S H}YGL VwIIGvVwIF5G 5âlT GÞL SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP H[

H}YG[ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5GYL VwIIGvVwIF5G SZFJJFG\]

CT\] T[ H}YG[ cc5|FIMlUS H}Ycc VG[ H[ H}YG[ jIFbIFG 5âlTYL VwIF5G SZFJJFG\] CT\] T[ H}YG[ cclGI\l+T

H}Ycc GFD VF5JFDF\ VFjI\] CT\]P

zL 5\RXL, lJnF,IDF\ 5|IMUG\] 5]GZFJT"G SZJFDF\ VFjI\] CT\]P VF XF/FDF\ WMZ6 GJGF\ +6

JUM" CTFP H[ 5{SL lRõL AGFJL A[ JU" 5;\N SIF" CTFP H[DF\ SgIFVMGL S], ;\bIF !__ CTLP AWL

lJnFlY"GLVMGF GFDGL lRõL AGFJL V[S DM8F JF;6DF\ ZFBJFDF\ VFJLP T[DF\YL V[S V[S lRõL p5F0LG[

H]NF H]NF RFZ JF;6DF\ V[S 5KL V[S lRõL GFBJFDF\ VFJL CTLP VF ZLT[ NZ[S JF;6DF\ lJnFlY"GLVMGF

GFDJF/L Z5vZ5 lRõLVM Y. CTLP VF Z5 lJnFlY"GLVMG\] V[S H}Y V[D RFZ H}Y AGFJJFDF\

VFjIF CTFP RFZ[I H}YG[ S. 5âlTYL VwIIGvVwIF5G SZFJJ\] T[ GÞL SZJF DF8[ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0

.g:8=SXG SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0"4 H}Y VwIF5G VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlT ,B[, lRõL AGFJJFDF\ VFJL CTLP

VF lRõLVM p5F0L NZ[S H}YGL VwIIGvVwIF5G 5âlT GÞL SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP H[ H}YG[ Sd%I}8Z

V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5GYL VwIIGvVwIF5G SZFJJFG\] CT\] T[ H}YG[

cc5|FIMlUS H}Ycc VG[ H[ H}YG[ jIFbIFG 5âlTYL VwIF5G SZFJJFG\] CT\] T[ H}YG[ cclGI\l+T H}Ycc

GFD VF5JFDF\ VFjI\] CT\]P

Page 67: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

52 52 52 52 52

;FZ6L #P!;FZ6L #P!;FZ6L #P!;FZ6L #P!;FZ6L #P!

5|IMU DF8[ 5;\N YI[,M GD}GM5|IMU DF8[ 5;\N YI[,M GD}GM5|IMU DF8[ 5;\N YI[,M GD}GM5|IMU DF8[ 5;\N YI[,M GD}GM5|IMU DF8[ 5;\N YI[,M GD}GM

S|DS|DS|DS|DS|D XF/FG\] GFDXF/FG\] GFDXF/FG\] GFDXF/FG\] GFDXF/FG\] GFD HFTLITFHFTLITFHFTLITFHFTLITFHFTLITF H}YH}YH}YH}YH}Y lJnFYL"GLlJnFYL"GLlJnFYL"GLlJnFYL"GLlJnFYL"GL;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF

! zL DF;]D lJnF,I4 ZFHSM8 S]DFZ !P 5|FIMlUS H}Y l CAI SFI"S|D Z5

l JS"SF0" Z5

l H}Y VwIF5G Z5

ZP lGI\l+T H}Y l jIFbIFG 5âlT Z5

!__

Z zL 5\RXL, lJnF,I4 ZFHSM8 SgIF !P 5|FIMlUS H}Y l CAI SFI"S|D Z5

l JS"SF0" Z5

l H}Y VwIF5G Z5

ZP lGI\l+T H}Y l jIFbIFG 5âlT Z5

!__

;FZ6L #P!DF\ NXF"jIF 5|DF6[ 5|:T]T ;\XMWGDF\ ;\bIF VG]S|D[ !__ VG[ !__ CTLP ;C[T]S

XF/F 5;\NUL VG[ IF¹lrKS 5F+ 5;\NUL 5âlTGM p5IMU SZL GD}GM 5;\N SZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP

#P##P##P##P##P# ;\XMWG 5âlT;\XMWG 5âlT;\XMWG 5âlT;\XMWG 5âlT;\XMWG 5âlT

;\XMWG 5âlT V[ ;\XMWG 5|lS|IFGM V[S VFJxIS EFU K[P ;\XMWG 5âlTGL DNNYL ;\XMWG

SFI"DF\ ;Z/TF ZC[ K[P

0LPV[P pRF8 sZ___f! GF DT[ ;\XMWG ;D:IFG\\] RMÞ;F.5}J"S :5Q8LSZ6 Y. UIF AFN

;\XMWS VeIF;GF C[T]VMG[ VG]~5 DFlCTL D[/JJFGF ;\NE[" lJlXQ8 SFIM" SZ[ K[P T[G[ ;\XMWG 5âlT

SC[JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ CAI SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5GGL V;ZSFZSTF jIFbIFG 5âlTGL

;F5[1FDF\ T5F;JFDF\ VFJL CTLP VF RSF;6L lJnFYL"VMGL X{1Fl6S l;lâGF ;\NE"DF\ SZJFDF\ VFJL

CTLP VFD4 5|:T]T ;\XMWGGL ;\XMWG 5âlT 5|FIMlUS ;\XMWG 5âlT CTLP

5|FIMlUS ;\XMWG 5âlTV[ RMÞ; DF/B] WZFJTL TFlS"S VG[ 5âlT;ZGL 5|lS|IF K[P H[DF\

;\XMWS BF; 5lZl:YlT ZR[ K[P H[ C[9/ lGWF"lZT ;DI ;]WL lGI\l+T VG[ lGIlDT ZLT[ SM. :5Q8

SFI"S|D S[ DFJHT ,FU] 50[ K[P SFI"S|DGF VD, AFN T[GL V;Z T5F;[ K[P

! 0LPV[P pRF84 ;\XMWGGL lJlXQ8 5âlTVM;\XMWGGL lJlXQ8 5âlTVM;\XMWGGL lJlXQ8 5âlTVM;\XMWGGL lJlXQ8 5âlTVM;\XMWGGL lJlXQ8 5âlTVMP ZFHSM8 o cXF\Tc4 #v8FUMZ GUZ4 VDLG DFU" 5F;[4 Z___45'P!_P

Page 68: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

53 53 53 53 53

5|FIMlUS ;\XMWGDF\ :JT\+ R,GM VD, YTM CMI tIFZ[ VgI R,GL V;Z 5ZT\+ R, 5Z G

YFI T[GL SF/Ò ,[JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P :JT\+ R,GF VD, JBT[ V\S]lXT R,M p5Z lGI\+6 ZFBLG[

5ZT\+ R,G\] DF5G SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

#P#P!#P#P!#P#P!#P#P!#P#P! 5|FIMlUS ;\XMWGGL ,F1Fl6STFVMP 5|FIMlUS ;\XMWGGL ,F1Fl6STFVMP 5|FIMlUS ;\XMWGGL ,F1Fl6STFVMP 5|FIMlUS ;\XMWGGL ,F1Fl6STFVMP 5|FIMlUS ;\XMWGGL ,F1Fl6STFVMP 5|FIMlUS ;\XMWG IMHGFDF\ :JT\+ R,GF

VD, NZlDIFG 5ZT\+ R, 5Z :JT\+ R, l;JFIGF VgI R,MGL V;Z G YFI T[ DF8[ BF; 5|SFZGL

SF/Ò ZFBJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P VF SF/Ò V[ 5|FIMlUS ;\XMWGGL ,F1Fl6STFVM K[P 5|:T]T VeIF;DF\

5|FIMlUS IMHGFGL ,F1Fl6STFVM VF D]HA K[P

!P R,MG\] lGI\+6 q VgI R,M 5Z V\S]X

ZP :JT\+ R,GM VD,

#P 5ZT\+ R,G\] DF5G

$P 5|IMUG\] 5]GZFJT"G

!P!P!P!P!P VgI R,M 5Z V\S]XP VgI R,M 5Z V\S]XP VgI R,M 5Z V\S]XP VgI R,M 5Z V\S]XP VgI R,M 5Z V\S]XP 5|IMU NZlDIFG 5ZT\+ R, 5Z :JT\+ R, l;JFIGF VgI

R,MGL V;Z YFI K[P H[YL VeIF;GF\ 5lZ6FDM N}lQFT YJFGM EI ZC[ K[P T[YL 5ZT\+ R, 5Z V;Z

SZTF\ VgI R,MG[ VM/BL ;\XMWS T[GF 5Z lJlJW 5âlTVM äFZF V\S]X D[/JJFGM 5|ItG SZ[ K[P

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ :JT\+ R,GL V;ZGF DF5G DF8[ 5ZT\+ R, 5Z V;Z SZTF\ R,MDF\YL

VCÄ NXF"J[, R,MG[ V\S]lXT SZJFDF\ VFjIF CTFP

s!f lJQFI4 sZf V[SD4 s#f z[6L4 s$f DFwID4 s5f TF;GM ;DI VG[ s&f 5|IMUSFI"GM

;DIUF/MP

ZPZPZPZPZP :JT\+ R,GM VD,P :JT\+ R,GM VD,P :JT\+ R,GM VD,P :JT\+ R,GM VD,P :JT\+ R,GM VD,P 5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ VwIF5G 5âlT V[ :JT\+ R, CTMP :JT\+

R,GM VD, V[8,[ GD}GFGF 5F+M 5Z :JT\+ R,GL lEgG S1FFVM ,FU] 5F0JLP

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ :JT\+ R,GL S1FFVM TZLS[ RFZ VwIF5G 5âlTVMGM VD, SZJFDF\ VFjIM

CTMP

!P CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G

:JT\+ R,ZP JS"SF0" ;FlCtI äFZF VwIF5G

#P H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G

$P jIFbIFG 5âlT äFZF VwIF5G

Page 69: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

54 54 54 54 54

#P#P#P#P#P 5ZT\+ R,G\] DF5GP 5ZT\+ R,G\] DF5GP 5ZT\+ R,G\] DF5GP 5ZT\+ R,G\] DF5GP 5ZT\+ R,G\] DF5GP 5|FIMlUS ;\XMWGDF\ :JT\+ R,GL V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JF :JT\+

R,GF VD, SIF" AFN 5ZT\+ R,G\] DF5G SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ VwIF5G 5âlTVMGM V,U V,U H}Y 5Z VD, SZL T[GL lJ7FG VG[

8[SGM,lH lJQFIGL l;lâ 5Z YI[, V;Z DF5JFGL CTLP X{1Fl6S l;lâGL DFlCTL D[/JJF DF8[ 5|tI[S

H}YG[ 5|IMUG[ V\T[ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH l;lâ S;M8L VF5JFDF\ VFJL CTLP VF l;lâ 5_ U]6GL

CTLP VFD4 VeIF;DF\ 5ZT\+ R, V[ lJnFYL"VMV[ l;lâ S;M8L 5Z D[/J[,F\ 5|F%TF\SM CTFP

$P$P$P$P$P 5|IMUG\] 5]GZFJT"GP 5|IMUG\] 5]GZFJT"GP 5|IMUG\] 5]GZFJT"GP 5|IMUG\] 5]GZFJT"GP 5|IMUG\] 5]GZFJT"GP ;\XMWS 5|IMU CFY WZ[ K[ tIFZ[ S[8,LS JFZ T[ T[GF V[S 5|IMUG[

VFWFZ[ VFBZL 5lZ6FD TFZJ[ K[P 5Z\T] VF VG]DFGGL IYFY"TF X\SF:5N AG[ K[P VFYL D/[,F

5lZ6FDMGL ;RM8TF slJ`J;GLITFf JW[ V[ DF8[ 5|IMUG\] 5]GZFJT"G SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ 5|IMHS[ S]DFZM 5Z SZ[, 5|IMUGF :J~5 H[J\] H 5|IMUG\] 5]GZFJT"G SgIFVM

5Z CFY WZ[, CT\]P 5|IMUGF 5]GZFJT"G NZlDIFG VD,4 VJ,MSG VG[ jIJ:YF5G H[JL AFATM

wIFGDF\ ZFBJFDF\ VFJ[,P

#P#PZ#P#PZ#P#PZ#P#PZ#P#PZ 5|IMU IMHGFGL 5|DF6E}TTFP 5|IMU IMHGFGL 5|DF6E}TTFP 5|IMU IMHGFGL 5|DF6E}TTFP 5|IMU IMHGFGL 5|DF6E}TTFP 5|IMU IMHGFGL 5|DF6E}TTFP 5|IMUGF 5|F%T 5lZ6FDMG[ T[GL 5|DF6E}TTF äFZF

RSF;JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P S[d5[A, VG[ :8[G,L s!)&5f V[ 5|FIMlUS IMHGFGL A[ 5|SFZGL 5|DF6E}TTF

;}RJL K[P

s!f VF\TlZS 5|DF6E}TTF sZf AFæ 5|DF6E}TTFP

;\XMWS[ 5MTFGF VeIF;GL 5|DF6E}TTF VF D]HAGF D]¡FVMGF ;\NE"DF\ RSF;L CTLP

!P!P!P!P!P VF\TlZS 5|DF6E}TTFVF\TlZS 5|DF6E}TTFVF\TlZS 5|DF6E}TTFVF\TlZS 5|DF6E}TTFVF\TlZS 5|DF6E}TTF ZPZPZPZPZP AFæ 5|DF6E}TTFAFæ 5|DF6E}TTFAFæ 5|DF6E}TTFAFæ 5|DF6E}TTFAFæ 5|DF6E}TTF

(a) ;DSF,LG AGFJM S[ .lTCF; (a) 5}J"S;M8L VG[ :JT\+ R, JrR[GL

(b) 5lZJ5SJG VF\TZlS|IF

(c) 5}J"S;M8L (b) 5F+ 5;\NUL VG[ :JT\+ R, JrR[GL

(d) DF5G ;FWGMGL D\NTF VF\TZlS|IF

(e) V\SXF:+LI 5ZFUTL (c) 5|IMUlJlWVMGL 5FZ:5lZS 5|lTlS|IFVM

(f) 5F+ 5;\NULDF\ TOFJT (d) 5|IMUlJlWVMGM VJZMW

(g) 5|IMU5F+DF\ 38F0M

(h) R,MGL 5FZ:5lZS VF\TZlS|IF

(i) l:YZTF

Page 70: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

55 55 55 55 55

!P!P!P!P!P VF\TlZS 5|DF6E}TTFP VF\TlZS 5|DF6E}TTFP VF\TlZS 5|DF6E}TTFP VF\TlZS 5|DF6E}TTFP VF\TlZS 5|DF6E}TTFP 5|FIMlUS ;\XMWG äFZF D/TF 5lZ6FDM BZ[BZ :JT\+ R,GL

V;ZG[ SFZ6[ pNEjIF GYL T[GL RSF;6L SZJL V[8,[ VF\TlZS 5|DF6E}TTFP ;\XMWS[ 5|:T]T VeIF;GL

VF\TlZS 5|DF6E}TTF GLR[GL AFATMGF ;\NE"DF\ RSF;L CTLP

VPVPVPVPVP ;DSF,LG AGFJM S[ .lTCF;P ;DSF,LG AGFJM S[ .lTCF;P ;DSF,LG AGFJM S[ .lTCF;P ;DSF,LG AGFJM S[ .lTCF;P ;DSF,LG AGFJM S[ .lTCF;P 5|IMU RF,TM CMI T[ NZlDIFG :JT\+ R,GL ;FY[

;FY[ SM. lJlXQ8 AGFJM H[JF S[ kT] O[ZOFZ4 I]âGF ;DFRFZ4 S]NZTL VFOTM4 C0TF,M JU[Z[ pNŸEJ[ TM

T[ 5ZT\+ R, 5Z V;Z SZTF\ CMI K[P

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ 5|IMU DF8[ ;\XMWS äFZF RFZ H}YMGM p5IMU YI[,M CTMP 5|IMUGM VD,

RFZ H}Y 5Z V[S H ;DI[ SZ[,M CTMP T[YL H}YM 5Z ;DSF,LG 38GFVMGL V;Z ;DFG Y. CX[P

APAPAPAPAP 5lZ5SJGP 5lZ5SJGP 5lZ5SJGP 5lZ5SJGP 5lZ5SJGP 5|IMUGM ;DIUF/M HM ,F\AM CMI TM T[ NZlDIFG 5|IMUTF+MGL ëDZDF\

JWFZM YFI K[ VG[ T[DG[ JW] VG]EJM D/JFYL T[DGL 5lZ5SJTF JW[ K[P VFYL A]lâ4 J,6M4

VlEIMuITFVM4 Z;M VG[ jIlSTtJGF S[8,FS V\XM ,F\AF ;DIUF/FDF\ 5lZJT"G 5FD[ K[P

5lZ5SJGDF\ YTF O[ZOFZGL V;Z 5ZT\+ R, 5Z YFI K[P

5|:T]T VeIF;GM ;DIUF/M 5\NZ lNJ;GM CTMP ;FDFgI ZLT[ 8}\SFUF/FDF\ VF 5|SFZGF O[ZOFZ

HMJF D/[ GCÄP T[DH RFZ[I H}YGF 5F+M ;DG JIS1FFGF CMJFYL 5lZ5SJGGL V;Z NZ[S H}YG[

;DFG YFIP

SPSPSPSPSP 5}J"S;M8LP 5}J"S;M8LP 5}J"S;M8LP 5}J"S;M8LP 5}J"S;M8LP HM 5|IMUGF VD, 5}J[' 5}J"S;M8L VF5JFDF\ VFJ[ TM 5}J"S;M8LGL 5|lS|IF

VG[ T[G\] lJQFIJ:T] A\G[ 5|IMU5F+G[ p¿ZS;M8L VF5JFGM VG]EJ 5}ZM 5F0[ K[P T[YL 5}J"S;M8LGF

VG]EJGL V;Z p¿ZS;M8LGF 5|F%TF\SM 5Z YFI K[P

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ 5}J"S;M8L TZLS[ WMZ6 VF9GF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGF l5|,LlDGZL

5ZL1FFGF\ U]6G[ wIFGDF\ ,LWF CTFP T[YL 5}J"S;M8LGL VlGrKGLI V;Z N}Z SZL XSFI CTLP

0P0P0P0P0P DF5G ;FWGMDF\ D\NTFP DF5G ;FWGMDF\ D\NTFP DF5G ;FWGMDF\ D\NTFP DF5G ;FWGMDF\ D\NTFP DF5G ;FWGMDF\ D\NTFP 5|IMU NZlDIFG DF5G ;FWGMDF\ S[ VJ,MSG 5âlTDF\

pNŸEJTF O[ZOFZGL V;Z 5lZ6FD 5Z YTL CMI K[P DGMJ{7FlGS VJ,MSGMDF\ VJ,MSGSFZGM

VG]EJ H[D JW[ T[D T[G\] SFD ;]WZ[ K[4 5Z\T] ;FY[ T[G[ S\8F/M VFJ[ T[D T[G\] SFD pTZTL S1FFG\] YFI K[P

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ 5|IMU5F+MGL X{1Fl6S l;lâG\] DF5G DF+ 5|IMUG[ V\T[ ,[JFDF\ VFJ[,

lX1FS lGlD"T p¿ZS;M8L äFZF H SZJFDF\ VFJ[,\] CT\]P T[YL VF 5lZA/ 5Z lGI\+6 ,FJL XSFI\] CT\]P

Page 71: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

56 56 56 56 56

.P.P.P.P.P V\SXF:+LI 5ZFUlTP V\SXF:+LI 5ZFUlTP V\SXF:+LI 5ZFUlTP V\SXF:+LI 5ZFUlTP V\SXF:+LI 5ZFUlTP VeIF; DF8[GF H}YMG[ SM. R,GF ;\NE"DF\ K[0F 5ZGF 5|F%TF\SMG[

VFWFZ[ 5;\N SZJFDF\ VFJ[ tIFZ[ 5|YD JBTGF K[0F 5ZGF 5|F%TF\SMGL ALÒ JBTGF DF5G ;DI[

;FDFgI ;ZF;ZL TZO -/JFGL J'l¿G[ V\SXF:+LI 5ZFUlT SC[ K[P H[ 5lZ6FDG[ N}lQF6 SZ[ K[P

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ H}YMG[ H[DGF T[D ,LW[,F CTFP T[YL V\SXF:+LI 5ZFUlTGL V;Z YJFGM

;\EJ G CTMP

OPOPOPOPOP 5F+M 5;\NULDF\ TOFJTP 5F+M 5;\NULDF\ TOFJTP 5F+M 5;\NULDF\ TOFJTP 5F+M 5;\NULDF\ TOFJTP 5F+M 5;\NULDF\ TOFJTP 5|FIMlUS H}Y VG[ lGI\l+T H}Y HM X~VFTYL H 5ZT\+

R, TYF 5ZT\+ R, ;FY[ ;\A\lWT VUtIGF R,MGF ;\NE"DF\ ;FY"S ZLT[ H]NF 50TF CMI TM T[GL

V;Z 5ZT\+ R, 5Z YFI K[P H[YL V\lTD S;M8LDF\ E[N VFJ[P

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ RFZ[I H}YM IF¹lrKSZ6YL 5F0JFDF\ VFjIF\ CTF\ VG[ l5|l,lDGZL 5ZL1FFGF

U]6F\SGGF VFWFZ[ H}YM ;DFG AGFJJFDF\ VFjIF\ CTF\P

ÒPÒPÒPÒPÒP 5|IMU 5F+DF\ 38F0MP 5|IMU 5F+DF\ 38F0MP 5|IMU 5F+DF\ 38F0MP 5|IMU 5F+DF\ 38F0MP 5|IMU 5F+DF\ 38F0MP 5|IMU NZlDIFG 5|FIMlUS H}Y S[ lGI\l+T H}YDF\YL 5F+MDF\

38F0M YFI tIFZ[ T[ 5lZ6FDM 5Z V;Z SZ[ K[P 5|FIMlUS H}YDF\YL ;F{YL VMKF U]6 ,FJGFZ 5F+M

JrR[YL N}Z YFI TM 5lZ6FD VF5D[/[ ;]WZ[ K[P VG[ lJlXQ8 5|SFZGF 5F+M 38[ tIFZ[ :JT\+ R,G[

AN,[ VF 38GFG[ SFZ6[ 5lZ6FDDF\ O[Z 50[ K[P

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ S]DFZM 5ZGF 5|IMU NZlDIFG RFZ[I H}YM 5{SL NZ[S H}YDF\ 5F+MGL ;\bIF

;DU| 5|IMU VG[ p¿ZS;M8L NZ[S ;DI[ VR/ H/JFI ZCL CTLP HIFZ[ SgIFVM 5ZGF 5|IMU

NZlDIFG 56 RFZ[I H]YM 5{SL NZ[S H}YDF\ 5F+MGL ;\bIF ;DU| 5|IMU VG[ p¿ZS;M8L NZ[S ;DI[

VR/ H/JFI ZCL CTLP

V[RPV[RPV[RPV[RPV[RP R,MGL 5FZ:5lZS VF\TZlS|IFP R,MGL 5FZ:5lZS VF\TZlS|IFP R,MGL 5FZ:5lZS VF\TZlS|IFP R,MGL 5FZ:5lZS VF\TZlS|IFP R,MGL 5FZ:5lZS VF\TZlS|IFP 5|FIMlUS H}Y VG[ lGI\l+T H}YGF 5F+M 5ZT\+

R,GF ;\NE"DF\ ;DFG CMI 5Z\T] 5F+MDF\ VgI R,MGF ;\NE"DF\ TOFJTM CMI TM R,MGL VF\TZlS|IFGL

V;Z p¿ZS;M8LGF 5|F%TF\SM 5Z YFI K[P

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ RFZ[I H}YM IF¹lrKS ZLT[ 5;\N SZ[,F CTFP T[YL VF 5lZA/ 5Z lGI\+6

,FJL XSFI\] CT\]P

VF.PVF.PVF.PVF.PVF.P l:YZTFP l:YZTFP l:YZTFP l:YZTFP l:YZTFP 5|YD 5|IMUG\] 5lZ6FD S[8,\] lJ`J;GLI K[ T[ SC[J\] D]xS[, CMI K[P V[8,[ S[

5|F%T 5lZ6FD VFJJFGL XSITF V[SJFZ CMI 5Z\T] ALÒJFZ T[J\] 5lZ6FD G 56 VFJ[P VF AFAT

VF\TlZS 5|DF6E}TTF HMBDFJ[ K[P

;\XMWS[ 5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ S]DFZM 5Z SZ[,F 5|IMU H[JF H :J~5G\] 5]GZFJT"G SgIFVM 5Z SZL

5lZ6FDG[ JW] lJ`J;GLI AGFJJFGM 5|ItG SZ[,M CTMP

Page 72: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

57 57 57 57 57

ZPZPZPZPZP AFæ 5|DF6E}TTFP AFæ 5|DF6E}TTFP AFæ 5|DF6E}TTFP AFæ 5|DF6E}TTFP AFæ 5|DF6E}TTFP :JT\+ R,GL V;Z GD}GF p5ZF\T jIF5lJ`JG[ S[8,F 5|DF6DF\

,FU] 5F0L XSFI m SIF R,G[ VG],1FLG[ ,FU] 5F0L XSFI m SIF ;\HMUMDF\ ,FU] 5F0L XSFI m T[

RSF;J\] T[G[ AFæ 5|DF6E}TTF SC[ K[P

VPVPVPVPVP 5}J"S;M8L VG[ :JT\+ R, JrR[GL VF\TZlS|IFP 5}J"S;M8L VG[ :JT\+ R, JrR[GL VF\TZlS|IFP 5}J"S;M8L VG[ :JT\+ R, JrR[GL VF\TZlS|IFP 5}J"S;M8L VG[ :JT\+ R, JrR[GL VF\TZlS|IFP 5}J"S;M8L VG[ :JT\+ R, JrR[GL VF\TZlS|IFP 5}J"S;M8L VF5JFGM VG]EJ

36LJFZ 5|IMU5F+MG[ ,UF0JFDF\ VFJTL DFJHT 5|tI[ ;HFU AGFJ[ K[P VFYL VF 5|SFZGF 5|IMUG[

V\T[ 5|F%T YTF\ 5lZ6FDM 5}J"S;M8L ,LWL G CMI T[JF 5F+MG[ ,FU] G 5F0L XSFIP

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ 5}J"S;M8L TZLS[ 5|IMU 5F+MV[ WMZ6 VF9GL l5|l,lDGZL 5ZL1FFGF D[/J[,

S], U]6 ,LWF CTFP H[YL 5}J"S;M8L VG[ :JT\+ R, JrR[GL VF\TZlS|IFGM 5|`G pNŸEJ[, G CTMP

APAPAPAPAP 5F+ 5;\NUL VG[ :JT\+ R, JrR[ VF\TZlS|IFP 5F+ 5;\NUL VG[ :JT\+ R, JrR[ VF\TZlS|IFP 5F+ 5;\NUL VG[ :JT\+ R, JrR[ VF\TZlS|IFP 5F+ 5;\NUL VG[ :JT\+ R, JrR[ VF\TZlS|IFP 5F+ 5;\NUL VG[ :JT\+ R, JrR[ VF\TZlS|IFP VeIF; DF8[ 5;\N YI[,F 5F+M

HM jIF5lJ`JG\] 5|lTlGlWtJ WZFJTF G CMI TM 5|IMUG[ V\T[ D/TF 5lZ6FDM ;DU| jIF5lJ`JG[ ,FU]

G 5F0L XSFIP

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ ;\XMWS[ H}YM IF¹lrKS ZLT[ 5;\N SZ[,F CTFP 5Z\T] XF/F ;C[T]S 5;\N SZFI[,L

CTLP T[8,F 5|DF6DF\ DIF"NF ZC[,L CTLP

SPSPSPSPSP 5|IMUlJlWVMGL 5FZ:5lZS 5|lTlS|IFVMP 5|IMUlJlWVMGL 5FZ:5lZS 5|lTlS|IFVMP 5|IMUlJlWVMGL 5FZ:5lZS 5|lTlS|IFVMP 5|IMUlJlWVMGL 5FZ:5lZS 5|lTlS|IFVMP 5|IMUlJlWVMGL 5FZ:5lZS 5|lTlS|IFVMP S[8,LS 5|IMU IMHGFVM ;FDFgI SZTF

H]NL CMI K[P T[GF H]NF56FG[ SFZ6[ 5F+M T[GF TZO ;lJX[QF wIFG VF5[ K[P VFYL 5lZ6FDMGL jIF5STF

DIF"lNT AG[ K[P

5|:T]T ;\XMWGDF\ jIFbIFG 5âlTYL lEgG V[JL Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0"

;FlCtI VG[ H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5âlTGM VD, YIM CTMP T[YL lEgGTFG[ SFZ6[ lJnFYL"VMG[

T[DGF TZO JW] wIFG VF5[, CT\]P VFYL 5|IMUlJlWVM 5Z 5}ZM V\S]X D[/JL XSFIM CTMP

0P0P0P0P0P 5|IMUlJlWVMGM VJZMWP 5|IMUlJlWVMGM VJZMWP 5|IMUlJlWVMGM VJZMWP 5|IMUlJlWVMGM VJZMWP 5|IMUlJlWVMGM VJZMWP HIFZ[ V[SGF V[S 5F+M 5Z JFZFOZTL DFJHTM (X1, X

2,

X3) ,UF0JFDF\ VFJ[ tIFZ[ 5|YD DFJHT (X

1) GL V;Z ALÒ DFJHT (X

2) 5Z YTL CMI K[P

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ RFZ lEgG VwIF5G 5âlTVM J0[ VeIF; SZFJJFGM CTMP RFZ lEgG

VWIF5G 5âlTVM Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG4 JS"SF0" ;FlCtI äFZF :JvVwIIG4 H}Y VwIF5G

VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlT DF8[ RFZ lEgG H}YMGL ZRGF SZ[,LP VF DF8[ RFZ H}Y Z5vZ5GL ;\bIFDF\

ZRJFDF\ VFjIF\ CTF\P T[YL 5|IMUlJlWVMGM VJZMW YIM G CTMP

Page 73: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

58 58 58 58 58

GFD o WMZ6 o

XF/F o TFZLB o

TDG[ lJlXQ8 5âlT äFZF XLBJJFDF\ VFjI\]P XLBJF0JFGL VF GJL 5âlT lJX[ TD[ DGDF\

S[8,FS VlE5|FIM AF\wIF CX[P TD[ TDFZF VF VlE5|FIM GLR[ NXF"J[,F\ lJWFGM äFZF VF5L XSXMP

NZ[S lJWFGGL ;FD[ +6 lJS<5M v ;\DT4 S\. SCL XS\] GCÄ4 VG[ V;\DT VF5[,F K[P 5|tI[S lJWFG

JF\RLG[ TDFZM VlE5|FI T[ lJWFG ;FD[GF IMuI BFGFDF\ 3 GL lGXFGL SZL NXF"JMP

S\. SCLS\. SCLS\. SCLS\. SCLS\. SCLXS\] GCÄXS\] GCÄXS\] GCÄXS\] GCÄXS\] GCÄ

S |DS |DS |DS |DS |D lJUTlJUTlJUTlJUTlJUT ;\DT;\DT;\DT;\DT;\DT V;\DTV;\DTV;\DTV;\DTV;\DT

! ALHM lJQFI 56 VF 5âlTYL XLBJM UD[P

Z VF 5âlTYL lJQFI ;DHJM V3ZM 50[ K[P

# VF 5âlTYL XLB[,\] IFN ZFBJ\] D]xS[, K[P

$ VF 5âlTYL XLBJFDF\ S\8F/M VFJ[ K[P

5 VF 5âlTYL XLBJFDF\ V[SFU|TF JW[ K[P

& XLBJFGL VF 5âlT ;FDFgI lX1F6 5âlT

SZTF\ JW] Z;5|N K[P

* VF 5âlTYL XLBTL JBT[ U\ELZTF H/JFTL GYLP

( VF 5âlTYL XLBTL JBT[ TF6 q AMH ZC[ K[P

) VF 5âlTYL HFT[ V[S,F 56 XLBL XSFIP

!_ SIFZ[S SIFZ[S VF 5âlTYL XLBJ\] UD[P

VlE5|FIFJl,GM GD}GMVlE5|FIFJl,GM GD}GMVlE5|FIFJl,GM GD}GMVlE5|FIFJl,GM GD}GMVlE5|FIFJl,GM GD}GM

5FJZ5M.g8 5|[hg8[XG VFWFlZT Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG5FJZ5M.g8 5|[hg8[XG VFWFlZT Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG5FJZ5M.g8 5|[hg8[XG VFWFlZT Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG5FJZ5M.g8 5|[hg8[XG VFWFlZT Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG5FJZ5M.g8 5|[hg8[XG VFWFlZT Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG

(CAI) SFI"S|DGL VlE5|FIFJl, SFI"S|DGL VlE5|FIFJl, SFI"S|DGL VlE5|FIFJl, SFI"S|DGL VlE5|FIFJl, SFI"S|DGL VlE5|FIFJl,

#P#P##P#P##P#P##P#P##P#P# CAI 5|tI[GF VlE5|FIMP 5|tI[GF VlE5|FIMP 5|tI[GF VlE5|FIMP 5|tI[GF VlE5|FIMP 5|tI[GF VlE5|FIMP Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG (CAI) SFI"S|D 5|tI[ lJnFYL"VMGL

5|lTlS|IFVM HF6JF T[VMGF VlE5|FIM ,[JFGF CTFP VF DF8[ V\AF;6F sZ__Zf V[ lJS;FJ[,L

VlE5|FIFJl,GM p5IMU SZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP H[GM GD}GM GLR[ D]HA CTMP

Page 74: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

59 59 59 59 59

#P#P$#P#P$#P#P$#P#P$#P#P$ 5|FIMlUS ;\XMWGGL IMHGFVMP 5|FIMlUS ;\XMWGGL IMHGFVMP 5|FIMlUS ;\XMWGGL IMHGFVMP 5|FIMlUS ;\XMWGGL IMHGFVMP 5|FIMlUS ;\XMWGGL IMHGFVMP 5|FIMlUS ;\XMWGDF\ 5|IMU IMHGF V[ VUtIG\]

5F;\] K[P VG[S 5|SFZGL 5|IMU IMHGFVM Vl:TtJ WZFJ[ K[P 5|FIMlUS ;\XMWGDF\ 5|IMUGL X~VFTDF\

H 5|IMU IMHGF GÞL SZL ,[JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P ;\XMWS 5MTFGF VeIF;G[ VG]~5 plRT 5|IMU IMHGF

5;\N SZ[ K[P 5|IMU IMHGFG[ VFWFZ[ ;\XMWSG[ ;\XMWGSFI" DF8[ DFU"NX"G D/[ K[P H[D S[ SFI"GM

;DI4 ZLT4 IYFY"TF VG[ SFI"~5Z[BF lJX[GL DFlCTL D/[ K[P SIF 5|SFZGL 5|FIMlUS IMHGF V5GFJJL

T[GM VFWFZ 5|IMUGF C[T]VM 5Z K[P 5|FIMlUS IMHGFGF D]bI +6 5|SFZM VG[ T[GL C[9/ VFJTL

5|FIMlUS IMHGFVM GLR[ D]HA K[P

5|FIMlUS IMHGF

5}6" 5|FIMlUS IMHGF

!P A[ H}Y4 VFSl:DS 5F+M4

DF+ p¿ZS;M8L IMHGF

ZP VFSl:DS A[ H}Y4 HM0SF\

5F+M DF+ p¿ZS;M8L

IMHGF

#P ;M,MDG VFSl:DS'T RFZ H}Y

IMHGF

$P O[S8MlZI, IMHGF

5P VFSl:DS H}YM4 5}J"S;M8L

p¿ZS;M8L IMHGF

5}J" 5|FIMlUS IMHGF

!P V[S H}Y4 DF+ p¿ZS;M8L

IMHGF

ZP V[S H}Y4 5}J"S;M8L

p¿ZS;M8L IMHGF

#P A[ l:YZ H}Y IMHGF

V\XTo 5|FIMlUS IMHGF

!P lAG VFSl:DSZ6 lGIDG

H}Y4 p¿ZS;M8L IMHGF

ZP ;DT]l,T H}YMGL IMHGF

#P V[S ;DI z[l6S IMHGF

$P lGIDG H}Y ;DI z[l6S

IMHGF

^^ ^

^ ^ ^

#P#P5#P#P5#P#P5#P#P5#P#P5 5|:T]T VeIF;GL 5|FIMlUS IMHGFP 5|:T]T VeIF;GL 5|FIMlUS IMHGFP 5|:T]T VeIF;GL 5|FIMlUS IMHGFP 5|:T]T VeIF;GL 5|FIMlUS IMHGFP 5|:T]T VeIF;GL 5|FIMlUS IMHGFP 5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ X]â 5|FIMlUS IMHGFGM

p5IMU SZJFDF\ VFjiM CTMP VF IMHGFDF\ 5|IMUGL VF\TlZS 5|DF6E}TTFG[ V;Z SZTF\ 5lZA/MG[

V\S]XDF\ ZFBJFGM 5|ItG SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P IMHGFGL H~lZIFT 5|DF6[ RMS;F.GM VFU|C ZFBJFDF\

VFJ[ K[P SM.56 5|SFZG\] ;DFWFG :JLSFZFT\] GYLP IMHGFGF AWF 5|SFZMDF\ VF IMHGF p¿D K[P

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ 5|IMUGL IYFY"TF HF/JJF DF8[ 5ZT\+ R, 5Z V;Z SZTF\ :JT\+ R,

l;JFIGF VgI R,M 5Z V\S]X D[/JJM B}A H H~ZL CTMP :JT\+ R,GL H]NLvH]NL S1FFVMGL

V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JF V[GL 5ZT\+ R, 5Z YTL V;Z ;ZBFJJFGL CTLP VFYL 5}6" 5|FIMlUS IMHGFGM

VD, SZJFDF\ VFJ[,M CTMP

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ 5}6" 5|FIMlUS IMHGFGL RFZ H}Y IF¹lrKS 5F+M DF+ p¿ZS;M8L IMHGF

5;\N SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP VF IMHGFDF\ V[S H ;DI[ 5ZT\+ R, 5Z A[ S[ T[YL JW] :JT\+ R,GL

V,UvV,U V;ZMGM VeIF; Y. XS[ K[P

Page 75: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

60 60 60 60 60

5|:T]T ;\XMWG IMHGFG\] :J~5 ;FZ6L #PZDF\ NXF"jIF D]HAG\] CT\]P

;FZ6L #PZ;FZ6L #PZ;FZ6L #PZ;FZ6L #PZ;FZ6L #PZ

RFZ H}Y4 IF¹lrKS 5F+M4 DF+ p¿Z S;M8L IMHGFRFZ H}Y4 IF¹lrKS 5F+M4 DF+ p¿Z S;M8L IMHGFRFZ H}Y4 IF¹lrKS 5F+M4 DF+ p¿Z S;M8L IMHGFRFZ H}Y4 IF¹lrKS 5F+M4 DF+ p¿Z S;M8L IMHGFRFZ H}Y4 IF¹lrKS 5F+M4 DF+ p¿Z S;M8L IMHGF

H }YH }YH }YH }YH }Y 5}J"S;M8L5}J "S;M8L5}J "S;M8L5}J "S;M8L5}J "S;M8L :JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,:JT\+ R,

5|FIMlUS H}Yv! ER1

- x1

T2E1

5|FIMlUS H}YvZ ER2

- x2

T2E2

5|FIMlUS H}Yv# ER3

- x3

T2E3

5|FIMlUS H}Yv$ CR

- x4

T2E4

p¿Z S;M8Lp¿Z S;M8Lp¿Z S;M8Lp¿Z S;M8Lp¿Z S;M8L

HIF\4

ER1

= Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, 5|FIMlUS H}Y

ER2

= JS"SF0" ;FlCtI 5âlT äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, 5|FIMlUS H}Y

ER3

= H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, 5|FIMlUS H}Y

CR

= jIFbIFG 5âlT äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, lGI\l+T H}Y

x1

= Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G

x2

= JS"SF0" ;FlCtI äFZF VwIF5G

x3

= H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G

x4

= jIFbIFG 5âlT äFZF VwIF5G

T2

= lX1FS lGlD"T p¿ZS;M8L

;FZ6L #PZDF\ NXF"jIF 5|DF6[ 5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ RFZ H}Y sIF¹lrKS 5F+f DF+ p¿ZS;M8L

IMHGFGL 5;\NUL YI[, CTLP H[DF\ +6 5|IMlUS H}Y VG[ V[S lGI\l+T H}YGM ;DFJ[X YI[, CTMP

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ 5|IMU NZdIFG !__ S]DFZMDF\ IF¹lrKS ZLT[ H}Y 5F0JFDF\ VFjIF CTFP

NZ[S H}YDF\ Z5GL ;\bIF CTLP T[DF\ V[S H}YG[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D äFZF4 ALHF H}YG[

JS"SF0" ;FlCtI äFZF4 +LHF H}YG[ H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VG[ RMYF H}YG[ jIFbIFG 5âlT äFZF

VwIIGvVwIF5G SZFJJFDF\ VFjI\] CT\]P 5|IMU AFN ;\XMWS äFZF ZlRT X{1Fl6S l;lâ S;M8LGL

VHDFIX SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP T[GF 5Z lJnFYL"VMV[ D[/J[,F 5|F%TF\SM 5ZYL F S;M8LG[ VFWFZ[ l;lâ

5|F%TF\SM JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT K[ S[ GCÄ T[GL RSF;6L SZJFDF\ VFJL CTL VG[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG

SFI"S|D lJX[GF lJnFYL"VMGF VlE5|FIM VlE5|FIFJl,G[ VFWFZ[ D[/J[,F CTFP

5|IMUGF 5]GZFJT"G DF8[ RFZ H}Y sIF¹lrKS 5F+f DF+ p¿ZS;M8L IMHGFGM VD, SgIFVMGF

H}Y 5Z SZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP SgIFVMGL S], ;\bIF !__ CTLP NZ[S H}YDF\ Z5GL ;\bIF CTLP

Page 76: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

61 61 61 61 61

#P$#P$#P$#P$#P$ SFI"S|DGL DFJHTSFI"S|DGL DFJHTSFI"S|DGL DFJHTSFI"S|DGL DFJHTSFI"S|DGL DFJHT

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ :JT\+ R, VwIIGvVwIF5G 5âlT CTLP H[GL RFZ S1FFVM CTLP

s!f Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D4 sZf JS"SF0" ;FlCtI4 s#f H}Y VwIF5G VG[ s$f jIFbIFG

5âlTP

VF DF8[ VwIIGvVwIF5G ;FDU|L T{IFZ SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP H[GL lJ:T'T lJUT CJ[ 5KLGF

5|SZ6DF\ VF5JFDF\ VFJ[,L K[P Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL CD 5lZlXQ8v! DF\ T[DH

JS"SF0" ;FlCtI 5lZlXQ8vZ DF\ VF5[,F K[P H}Y VwIF5G VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlT äFZF VwIF5G DF8[GF

5F9 VFIMHGM CJ[ 5KLGF 5|SZ6DF\ ZH} SZ[,F K[P

#P5#P5#P5#P5#P5 p5SZ6 ;\ZRGFp5SZ6 ;\ZRGFp5SZ6 ;\ZRGFp5SZ6 ;\ZRGFp5SZ6 ;\ZRGF

5|:T]T VeIF;GM C[T] Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D äFZF4 JS"SF0" ;FlCtI 5âlT äFZF4

H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlT äFZF VwIF5GGL V;ZSFZSTF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHGL

X{1Fl6S l;lâGF ;\NE"DF\ RSF;JFGM CTMP

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHGL X{1FL6S l;lâG\] DF5G SZJF DF8[ ;\XMWS[ WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[

8[SGM,lH lJQFIGF cc5|F6L 5[XLVMcc4 ccJG:5lT JUL"SZ6cc VG[ cc5|F6L JUL"SZ6cc V[SD DF8[ lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGL l;lâ S;M8LGL ZRGF SZ[,L CTLP p5ZF\T 5|FIMlUS H}Yv!GF lJnFYL"VMGF

Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D 5|tIGL 5|lTlS|IF VlE5|FIM :J~5[ 56 HF6JFGL CTLP VF DF8[

V\AF;6F ZlRT VlE5|FIFJl,GM p5IMU SZ[, CTMP

#P5P!#P5P!#P5P!#P5P!#P5P! lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LP lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LP lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LP lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LP lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LP lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGL l;lâ S;M8LGL

;\ZRGF 5|IMHS äFZF SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP H[GL lJUT[ ZH}VFT 5|SZ6v5F\RDF\ SZJFDF\ VFJL K[P

#P&#P&#P&#P&#P& 5|IMUG\ ] VD,LSZ65|IMUG\ ] VD,LSZ65|IMUG\ ] VD,LSZ65|IMUG\ ] VD,LSZ65|IMUG\ ] VD,LSZ6

5|IMUGL ;O/TFGM VFWFZ T[GF jIJl:YT VD, 5Z CMI T[ :JFEFlJS K[P VFYL 5|:T]T

VeIF;DF\ 5|IMUSFI" JBT[ S[8,LS SF/Ò ,[JFDF\ VFJL CTLP

5|:T]T ;\XMWGDF\ :JT\+ R,GL 5ZT\+ R, 5Z YTL V;Z DF5JF DF8[ S], A[ 5|IMUM CFY

WZJFDF\ VFjIF CTFP H[DF\ S]DFZM 5Z 5|IMUv! VG[ SgIFVM 5Z 5|IMUvZ CFY WZ[,F CTFP

!P GD}GFDF\ 5;\N YI[, A[ DFwIlDS XF/FVMDF\ VeIF;GF C[T]VM VG];FZ S|DXo 5|IMU CFY

WZJFDF\ VFjIF CTFP A\G[ 5|IMUDF\ +6 5|FIMlUS H}Y VG[ V[S lGI\l+T H}Y V[D RFZ H}YMGL

ZRGF SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP RFZ[I H}YM AWL AFATDF\ ;DFG YFI T[ DF8[ IF¹lrKSZ6GM p5IMU

SZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP H[DF\ AWF H lJnFYL"VMGF GFD ,B[, lRõLVM V[S DM8F JF;6DF\ ,[JFDF\

Page 77: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

62 62 62 62 62

VFJLP VF lRõLVMG[ B}A C,FJLG[ 5KL JFZFOZTL V[SvV[S lRõL p5F0L H]NF\vH]NF\ RFZ

JF;6DF\ GFBJFDF\ VFJLP VF RFZ[I JF;6GL lRõLVMG[ VFWFZ[ RFZ H}Y 5F0JFDF\ VFjIF

CTFP VF RFZ H}YMDF\YL 5|FIMlUS TYF lGI\l+T H}Y SZJF DF8[ lRõLVM B[\RLG[ 5|FIMlUS H}Y

VG[ lGI\l+T H}Y GÞL SIF" CTFP

ZP 5|FIMlUS H}YM 5Z Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" ;FlCtI VG[ H}Y VwIF5G äFZF

TYF lGI\l+T H}Y 5Z jIFbIFG 5âlT äFZF VwIIGvVwIF5G SZJFDF\ VFjI\] CT\]P

#P ;DIGL V;Z 8F/JF DF8[ RFZ[I H}YDF\ XF/FGF ALHF TF;DF\ H VwIF5G SFI" SZFJJFDF\

VFjI\] CT\]P

$P VwI[TF TF;DF\ CFHZL VF5[ T[ DF8[ VFU|C ZFBJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP

5P VwIF5G SFI" NZdIFG lJnFYL"G[ V5FTF U'CSFI"GL RSF;6L SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP

&P X{1Fl6S l;lâ DF5G DF8[ lX1FS lGlD"T l;lâ S;M8L 5|IMU 5}6" YIF AFN ALHF lNJ;[ ,[JFDF\

VFJL CTLP T[DH Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D 5|tI[GL 5|lTlS|IF VlE5|FIM :J~5[

VlE5|FIFJl, äFZF ,[JFDF\ VFJ[, CTLP

*P S;M8L NZdIFG SM. VwI[TF U[ZZLlT G VFRZ[ T[DF8[GL jIJ:YF SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ 5|YD 5|IMU S]DFZM p5Z VG[ ALHM 5|IMU SgIFVM p5Z CFY WZJFDF\

VFJ[, CTMP S]DFZM 5ZGF 5|IMUG\] ;DI 5+S ;FZ6L #P#DF\ NXF"J[, K[P

Page 78: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

63 63 63 63 63

;FZ6L #P#;FZ6L #P#;FZ6L #P#;FZ6L #P#;FZ6L #P#

S]DFZM 5Z 5|IMUGF VD,LSZ6G\] ;DI5+SS]DFZM 5Z 5|IMUGF VD,LSZ6G\] ;DI5+SS]DFZM 5Z 5|IMUGF VD,LSZ6G\] ;DI5+SS]DFZM 5Z 5|IMUGF VD,LSZ6G\] ;DI5+SS]DFZM 5Z 5|IMUGF VD,LSZ6G\] ;DI5+S

S|DS|DS|DS|DS|D TFZLBTFZLBTFZLBTFZLBTFZLBJFZJFZJFZJFZJFZ

H}YvVH}YvVH}YvVH}YvVH}YvVCAI SFI"S|D SFI"S|D SFI"S|D SFI"S|D SFI"S|D

H}YvAH}YvAH}YvAH}YvAH}YvAJS"SF0"JS"SF0"JS"SF0"JS"SF0"JS"SF0"

H}YvSH}YvSH}YvSH}YvSH}YvSH}Y VwIF5GH}Y VwIF5GH}Y VwIF5GH}Y VwIF5GH}Y VwIF5G

H}Yv0H}Yv0H}Yv0H}Yv0H}Yv0jIFbIFG 5âlTjIFbIFG 5âlTjIFbIFG 5âlTjIFbIFG 5âlTjIFbIFG 5âlT

! _$v_(v_(;MDJFZ

lJEFUv! v 5|F6L 5[XLG\]JUL"SZ6

v 5|F6L 5[XLG\]JUL"SZ6

v 5|F6L 5[XLG\]JUL"SZ6

Z _5v_(v_(D\U/JFZ

lJEFUv! v lJlJW 5[XLGF,1F6M VG[ :YFG

v lJlJW 5[XLGF,1F6M VG[ :YFG

v lJlJW 5[XLGF,1F6M VG[ :YFG

# _&v_(v_(A]WJFZ

lJEFUv! v :T'T VlWrKNv VlWrKN 5[XLGF

SFIM"

v :T'T VlWrKNv VlWrKN 5[XLGF

SFIM"

v :T'T VlWrKNv VlWrKN 5[XLGF

SFIM"

$ _*v_(v_(U]Z]JFZ

lJEFUv! v ;\IMHS 5[XL VG[T[GF 5|SFZM

v ;\IMHS 5[XL VG[T[GF 5|SFZM

v ;\IMHS 5[XL VG[T[GF 5|SFZM

5 _(v_(v_(X]S|JFZ

lJEFUv! v Z[lBT :GFI]v VZ[lBT :GFI]v ìN :GFI]

v Z[lBT :GFI]v VZ[lBT :GFI]v ìN :GFI]

v Z[lBT :GFI]v VZ[lBT :GFI]v ìN :GFI]

& _)v_(v_(XlGJFZ

lJEFUvZ v JUL"SZ6 VG[ T[G\]DCÀJ

v GFDSZ6

v JUL"SZ6 VG[ T[G\]DCÀJ

v GFDSZ6

v JUL"SZ6 VG[ T[G\]DCÀJ

v GFDSZ6

* !!v_(v_(;MDJFZ

lJEFUvZ v lJEFU o V[SF\UL v lJEFU o V[SF\UL v lJEFU o V[SF\UL

( !Zv_(v_(D\U/JFZ

lJEFUvZ v ;D]NFI o ,L,v ;D]NFI o O}U

v ;D]NFI o ,L,v ;D]NFI o O}U

v ;D]NFI o ,L,v ;D]NFI o O}U

) !#v_(v_(A]WJFZ

lJEFUvZ v lJEFU o läV\ULVGFJ'¿ALHWFZL

v lJEFU o läV\ULVGFJ'¿ALHWFZL

v lJEFU o läV\ULVGFJ'¿ALHWFZL

!_ !$v_(v_(U]Z]JFZ

lJEFUvZ v lJEFU o VFJ'¿ALHWFZLJU" o V[SN/Lv läN/L

v lJEFU o VFJ'¿ALHWFZLJU" o V[SN/Lv läN/L

v lJEFU o VFJ'¿ALHWFZLJU" o V[SN/Lv läN/L

!! !(v_(v_(;MDJFZ

lJEFUv# v ;'lQ8 o 5|M8L:8F;D]NFI o 5|ÒJ

v ;'lQ8 o 5|M8L:8F;D]NFI o 5|ÒJ

v ;'lQ8 o 5|M8L:8F;D]NFI o 5|ÒJ

!Z Z_v_(v_(A]WJFZ

lJEFUv# v 5|F6L;'lQ8G\]JUL"SZ6

v ;'lQ8 o D[8Fh]VF

v 5|F6L;'lQ8G\]JUL"SZ6

v ;'lQ8 o D[8Fh]VF

v 5|F6L;'lQ8G\]JUL"SZ6

v ;'lQ8 o D[8Fh]VF

!# Z!v_(v_(U]Z]JFZ

lJEFUv# v ;D]NFI o ;lKãv ;D]NFI o SMQ9F\l+

v ;D]NFI o ;lKãv ;D]NFI o SMQ9F\l+

v ;D]NFI o ;lKãv ;D]NFI o SMQ9F\l+

;FZ6L #P# RF,]PPPPP

Page 79: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

64 64 64 64 64

S|DS|DS|DS|DS|D TFZLBTFZLBTFZLBTFZLBTFZLBJFZJFZJFZJFZJFZ

H}YvVH}YvVH}YvVH}YvVH}YvVCAI SFI"S|D SFI"S|D SFI"S|D SFI"S|D SFI"S|D

H}YvAH}YvAH}YvAH}YvAH}YvAJS"SF0"JS"SF0"JS"SF0"JS"SF0"JS"SF0"

H}YvSH}YvSH}YvSH}YvSH}YvSH}Y VwIF5GH}Y VwIF5GH}Y VwIF5GH}Y VwIF5GH}Y VwIF5G

H}Yv0H}Yv0H}Yv0H}Yv0H}Yv0jIFbIFG 5âlTjIFbIFG 5âlTjIFbIFG 5âlTjIFbIFG 5âlTjIFbIFG 5âlT

!$ ZZv_(v_(X]S|JFZ

lJEFUv# v ;D]NFI o 5'Y]S'lDv ;D]NFI o ;}+S'lD

v ;D]NFI o 5'Y]S'lDv ;D]NFI o ;}+S'lD

v ;D]NFI o 5'Y]S'lDv ;D]NFI o ;}+S'lD

;FZ6L #P# RF,]PPPPP

!5 Z#v_(v_(XlGJFZ

lJEFUv# v ;D]NFI o G]5}ZSv ;D]NFI o ;\lW5FN

v ;D]NFI o G]5}ZSv ;D]NFI o ;\lW5FN

v ;D]NFI o G]5}ZSv ;D]NFI o ;\lW5FN

!& Z5v_(v_(;MDJFZ

lJEFUv# v ;D]NFI o D'N]SFIv ;D]NFI o X}/tJRL

v ;D]NFI o D'N]SFIv ;D]NFI o X}/tJRL

v ;D]NFI o D'N]SFIv ;D]NFI o X}/tJRL

!* Z&v_(v_(D\U/

lJEFUv# v ;D]NFI o D[Z]N\0Lv ;D]NFI o 5'Q9J\XL

v ;D]NFI o D[Z]N\0Lv ;D]NFI o 5'Q9J\XL

v ;D]NFI o D[Z]N\0Lv ;D]NFI o 5'Q9J\XL

!( Z*v_(v_(A]WJFZ

lJEFUv# v JU" o R}QFD]BF45|JU" o Dt:I

v JU" o SFl:Y Dt:IVG[ Vl:Y Dt:I

v JU" o R}QFD]BF45|JU" o Dt:I

v JU" o SFl:Y Dt:IVG[ Vl:Y Dt:I

v JU" o R}QFD]BF45|JU" o Dt:I

v JU" o SFl:Y Dt:IVG[ Vl:Y Dt:I

!) Z(v_(v_(U]Z]JFZ

lJEFUv# v 5|JU" o RT]Q5FNJU" o éEIÒJL

v 5|JU" o RT]Q5FNJU" o éEIÒJL

v 5|JU" o RT]Q5FNJU" o éEIÒJL

Z_ Z)v_(v_(X]S|JFZ

lJEFUv# v JU" o ;ZL;'54lJCU4 ;:TG

v JU" o ;ZL;'54lJCU4 ;:TG

v JU" o ;ZL;'54lJCU4 ;:TG

;FZ6L #P#DF\ NXF"jIF 5|DF6[ 5|IMUG\] VD,LSZ6 zL DF;]D lJnF,I v ZFHSM8GF S]DFZM

5Z SZJFDF\ VFjI\] CT\]P H[GM ;DIUF/M Z* lNJ;GM CTMP H[DF\ _& lNJ; ZHFGF AFN SZTF\ 5|IMUGM

;DIUF/M Z! lNJ;GM U6L XSFIP

5|YD lNJ;[ A\G[ JUM"GF lJnFYL"VMG[ S], RFZ H}YDF\ JC[\RL GFBJFDF\ VFjIF CTF VG[ ALHF

lNJ;YL RFZ[I H}YGF AWF H lJnFYL"VM DF8[ H[ T[ H}YDF\ GÞL SZ[, VwIIGvVwIF5G 5âlT äFZF

lX1F6SFI" CFY WZ[, CT\]P HIFZ[ K[<,F lNJ;[ RFZ[I H}YGF lJnFYL"VMG[ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHGL

5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L VF5JFDF\ VFJL CTLP T[DH Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D 5|tI[GL 5|lTlS|IF

VlE5|FIM :J~5[ VlE5|FIFJl, äFZF 56 D[/JJFDF\ VFJL CTLP

ALHM 5|IMU SgIFVM 5Z SZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP H[ ;FZ6L #P$DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[P

Z! #_v_(v_(XlGJFZ

l;lâ S;M8L l;lâ S;M8L l;lâ S;M8L l;lâ S;M8L

Page 80: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

65 65 65 65 65

;FZ6L #P$;FZ6L #P$;FZ6L #P$;FZ6L #P$;FZ6L #P$

SgIFVM 5Z 5|IMUGF 5]GZFJT"G DF8[G\] ;DI5+SSgIFVM 5Z 5|IMUGF 5]GZFJT"G DF8[G\] ;DI5+SSgIFVM 5Z 5|IMUGF 5]GZFJT"G DF8[G\] ;DI5+SSgIFVM 5Z 5|IMUGF 5]GZFJT"G DF8[G\] ;DI5+SSgIFVM 5Z 5|IMUGF 5]GZFJT"G DF8[G\] ;DI5+S

S|DS|DS|DS|DS|D TFZLBTFZLBTFZLBTFZLBTFZLBJFZJFZJFZJFZJFZ

H}YvVH}YvVH}YvVH}YvVH}YvVCAI SFI"S|D SFI"S|D SFI"S|D SFI"S|D SFI"S|D

H}YvAH}YvAH}YvAH}YvAH}YvAJS"SF0"JS"SF0"JS"SF0"JS"SF0"JS"SF0"

H}YvSH}YvSH}YvSH}YvSH}YvSH}Y VwIF5GH}Y VwIF5GH}Y VwIF5GH}Y VwIF5GH}Y VwIF5G

H}Yv0H}Yv0H}Yv0H}Yv0H}Yv0jIFbIFG 5âlTjIFbIFG 5âlTjIFbIFG 5âlTjIFbIFG 5âlTjIFbIFG 5âlT

! _$v_)v_(U]Z]JFZ

lJEFUv! v 5|F6L 5[XLG\]JUL"SZ6

v 5|F6L 5[XLG\]JUL"SZ6

v 5|F6L 5[XLG\]JUL"SZ6

Z _5v_)v_(X]S|JFZ

lJEFUv! v lJlJW 5[XLGF,1F6M VG[ :YFG

v lJlJW 5[XLGF,1F6M VG[ :YFG

v lJlJW 5[XLGF,1F6M VG[ :YFG

# _&v_)v_(XlGJFZ

lJEFUv! v :T'T VlWrKNv VlWrKN 5[XLGF

SFIM"

v :T'T VlWrKNv VlWrKN 5[XLGF

SFIM"

v :T'T VlWrKNv VlWrKN 5[XLGF

SFIM"

$ _(v_)v_(;MDJFZ

lJEFUv! v ;\IMHS 5[XL VG[T[GF 5|SFZM

v ;\IMHS 5[XL VG[T[GF 5|SFZM

v ;\IMHS 5[XL VG[T[GF 5|SFZM

5 _)v_)v_(D\U/JFZ

lJEFUv! v Z[lBT :GFI]v VZ[lBT :GFI]v ìN :GFI]

v Z[lBT :GFI]v VZ[lBT :GFI]v ìN :GFI]

v Z[lBT :GFI]v VZ[lBT :GFI]v ìN :GFI]

& !_v_)v_(A]WJFZ

lJEFUvZ v JUL"SZ6 VG[ T[G\]DCÀJ

v GFDSZ6

v JUL"SZ6 VG[ T[G\]DCÀJ

v GFDSZ6

v JUL"SZ6 VG[ T[G\]DCÀJ

v GFDSZ6

* !!v_)v_(U]Z]JFZ

lJEFUvZ v lJEFU o V[SF\UL v lJEFU o V[SF\UL v lJEFU o V[SF\UL

( !Zv_)v_(X]S|JFZ

lJEFUvZ v ;D]NFI o ,L,v ;D]NFI o O}U

v ;D]NFI o ,L,v ;D]NFI o O}U

v ;D]NFI o ,L,v ;D]NFI o O}U

) !#v_)v_(XlGJFZ

lJEFUvZ v lJEFU o läV\ULVGFJ'¿ALHWFZL

v lJEFU o läV\ULVGFJ'¿ALHWFZL

v lJEFU o läV\ULVGFJ'¿ALHWFZL

!_ !5v_)v_(;MDJFZ

lJEFUvZ v lJEFU o VFJ'¿ALHWFZLJU" o V[SN/Lv läN/L

v lJEFU o VFJ'¿ALHWFZLJU" o V[SN/Lv läN/L

v lJEFU o VFJ'¿ALHWFZLJU" o V[SN/Lv läN/L

!! !&v_)v_(D\U/JFZ

lJEFUv# v ;'lQ8 o 5|M8L:8F;D]NFI o 5|ÒJ

v ;'lQ8 o 5|M8L:8F;D]NFI o 5|ÒJ

v ;'lQ8 o 5|M8L:8F;D]NFI o 5|ÒJ

!Z !*v_)v_(A]WJFZ

lJEFUv# v 5|F6L;'lQ8G\]JUL"SZ6

v ;'lQ8 o D[8Fh]VF

v 5|F6L;'lQ8G\]JUL"SZ6

v ;'lQ8 o D[8Fh]VF

v 5|F6L;'lQ8G\]JUL"SZ6

v ;'lQ8 o D[8Fh]VF

!# !(v_)v_(U]Z]JFZ

lJEFUv# v ;D]NFI o ;lKãv ;D]NFI o SMQ9F\l+

v ;D]NFI o ;lKãv ;D]NFI o SMQ9F\l+

v ;D]NFI o ;lKãv ;D]NFI o SMQ9F\l+

;FZ6L #P# RF,]PPPPP

Page 81: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

66 66 66 66 66

S|DS|DS|DS|DS|D TFZLBTFZLBTFZLBTFZLBTFZLBJFZJFZJFZJFZJFZ

H}YvVH}YvVH}YvVH}YvVH}YvVCAI SFI"S|D SFI"S|D SFI"S|D SFI"S|D SFI"S|D

H}YvAH}YvAH}YvAH}YvAH}YvAJS"SF0"JS"SF0"JS"SF0"JS"SF0"JS"SF0"

H}YvSH}YvSH}YvSH}YvSH}YvSH}Y VwIF5GH}Y VwIF5GH}Y VwIF5GH}Y VwIF5GH}Y VwIF5G

H}Yv0H}Yv0H}Yv0H}Yv0H}Yv0jIFbIFG 5âlTjIFbIFG 5âlTjIFbIFG 5âlTjIFbIFG 5âlTjIFbIFG 5âlT

!$ !)v_)v_(X]S|JFZ

lJEFUv# v ;D]NFI o 5'Y]S'lDv ;D]NFI o ;}+S'lD

v ;D]NFI o 5'Y]S'lDv ;D]NFI o ;}+S'lD

v ;D]NFI o 5'Y]S'lDv ;D]NFI o ;}+S'lD

;FZ6L #P$ RF,]PPPPP

!5 Z_v_)v_(XlGJFZ

lJEFUv# v ;D]NFI o G]5}ZSv ;D]NFI o ;\lW5FN

v ;D]NFI o G]5}ZSv ;D]NFI o ;\lW5FN

v ;D]NFI o G]5}ZSv ;D]NFI o ;\lW5FN

!& ZZv_)v_(;MDJFZ

lJEFUv# v ;D]NFI o D'N]SFIv ;D]NFI o X}/tJRL

v ;D]NFI o D'N]SFIv ;D]NFI o X}/tJRL

v ;D]NFI o D'N]SFIv ;D]NFI o X}/tJRL

!* Z#v_)v_(D\U/JFZ

lJEFUv# v ;D]NFI o D[Z]N\0Lv ;D]NFI o 5'Q9J\XL

v ;D]NFI o D[Z]N\0Lv ;D]NFI o 5'Q9J\XL

v ;D]NFI o D[Z]N\0Lv ;D]NFI o 5'Q9J\XL

!( Z$v_)v_(A]WJFZ

lJEFUv# v JU" o R}QFD]BF45|JU" o Dt:I

v JU" o SFl:Y Dt:IVG[ Vl:Y Dt:I

v JU" o R}QFD]BF45|JU" o Dt:I

v JU" o SFl:Y Dt:IVG[ Vl:Y Dt:I

v JU" o R}QFD]BF45|JU" o Dt:I

v JU" o SFl:Y Dt:IVG[ Vl:Y Dt:I

!) Z5v_)v_(U]Z]JFZ

lJEFUv# v 5|JU" o RT]Q5FNJU" o éEIÒJL

v 5|JU" o RT]Q5FNJU" o éEIÒJL

v 5|JU" o RT]Q5FNJU" o éEIÒJL

Z_ Z&v_)v_(X]S|JFZ

lJEFUv# v JU" o ;ZL;'54lJCU4 ;:TG

v JU" o ;ZL;'54lJCU4 ;:TG

v JU" o ;ZL;'54lJCU4 ;:TG

Z! Z*v_)v_(XlGJFZ

l;lâ S;M8L l;lâ S;M8L l;lâ S;M8L l;lâ S;M8L

;FZ6L #P$DF\ NXF"jIF D]HA RFZ[I H}Y 5ZGF 5|IMUGF 5]GZFJT"GG\] VD,LSZ6 zL 5\RXL,

lJnF,IvZFHSM8GL SgIFVM 5Z SZJFDF\ VFjI\] CT\]P H[GM ;DIUF/M Z$ lNJ;GM CTMP H[DF\ _#

lNJ; ZHFGF AFN SZTF\ 5|IMUGF 5]GZFJT"GGM ;DIUF/M Z! lNJ;GM U6L XSFIP

5|YD lNJ;[ A\G[ JUM"GL lJnFlY"GLVMG[ S], RFZ H}YDF\ JC[\RL GFBJFDF\ VFJ[, CTLP VG[

ALHF lNJ;YL RFZ[I H}YGL AWL H lJnFlY"GLVM DF8[ H[ T[ H}YDF\ GÞL SZ[, VwIIGvVwIF5G

5âlT äFZF lX1F6SFI" CFY WZ[, CT\]P HIFZ[ K[<,F lNJ;[ RFZ[I H}YGL lJnFlY"GLVMG[ lJ7FG VG[

8[SŸGM,lHGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L VF5JFDF\ VFJL CTLP T[DH Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D

5|tI[GL 5|lTlS|IF VlE5|FIM :J~5[ VlE5|FIFJl, äFZF 56 D[/JJFDF\ VFJL CTLP

#P*#P*#P*#P*#P* 5|IMU NZdIFG ,[JFI[, SF/Ò5|IMU NZdIFG ,[JFI[, SF/Ò5|IMU NZdIFG ,[JFI[, SF/Ò5|IMU NZdIFG ,[JFI[, SF/Ò5|IMU NZdIFG ,[JFI[, SF/Ò

5|IMU NZdIFG S[8,LS SF/Ò ,[JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P VF V\U[GL lJUT V+[ NXF"JL K[P

!P 5|IMU X~ SZTF\ 5C[,F\ 5|FIMlUS H}YGF lJnFYL"VMG[ 5|IMU lJX[ HF6SFZL VF5JFDF\ VFJL

CTLP

ZP 5|IMU 5F+M ;FY[ IMuI ;FI]ßI :YF5JFDF\ VFjI]\ CT\]P

Page 82: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

67 67 67 67 67

#P TDFD 5|IMU 5F+MG[ T[DGL 5|IMU NZdIFGGL CFHZL V\U[ ;TS" SZJFDF\ VFjIF CTFP T[VM

SM.56 ;\HMUMDF\ U[ZCFHZ G ZC[ T[D ;}RJJFDF\ VFjI\] CT\]P

$P lJlXQ8 ;\HMUMDF\ V5JFN~5 SM. lJnFYL" U[ZCFHZ CMI TM T[G[ T[GL U[ZCFHZLGF V[ lNJ;GL

DFJHT V\TU"TGL DFlCTL V,U A[;F0LG[ jIJl:YT ZLT[ ;DHFJJFDF\ VFJL CTLP

5P 5|IMU H}YGF 5F+M VG[ lGI\l+T H}YGF 5F+M JrR[ SM. VF\TZlS|IF G YFI T[ DF8[ A\G[ 5|SFZGF

H}YMGL SF/Ò ,[JFDF\ VFJL CTLP

&P VwIF5G NZdIFG lJnFYL"VMG[ XSI T[8,F ;lS|I ZFBJFGM 5|ItG SZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP

*P lJnFYL"VMG[ ;DH}TL VF5TL JBT[ 50TL D]xS[,LVMG[ lGJFZJF 5|ItG SIM" CTMP lJnFYL"VMG[

JrR[ 5|`GM 5}KJFGL K}8 V5FI[, CTLP

(P NZ[S lJnFYL"G[ D]ST 5|lTEFJ VF5JFGL K}8 V5FI[, CTLP

)P lJnFYL"GF p¿ZGL GM\W ,[JF. CTLP

!_P JU"DF\ RRF"G[ 5}ZT\] :YFG V5FI\] CT\]P

!!P lJnFYL"GL ZH}VFTGL SM. 8LSF G SZ[ T[ V\U[ wIFG V5FI\] CT\]P

!ZP lJnFYL"VMG[ 5}ZT\] p¿[HG VG[ 5|Mt;FCG V5FIF CTF\P

!#P H}YDF\ SFI" SZTL JBT[ 56 lJnFYL"G[ :JT\+ VlE5|FI ZH} SZL XSJFGL K}8 V5FI[, CTLP

!$P H}Y SFI" JBT[ lJnFYL"VMG[ ;CSFZ VG[ ;CIMUYL SFI" SZJF DF8[ C}\OF/\] JFTFJZ6 5}Z\] 5F0JFDF\

VFjI\] CT\]P

!5P lJnFYL"VMGL DF{l,S ZH}VFT 56 pt;FC5}J"S :JLSFZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP

!&P lJnFYL"VMGF BM8F 5|lTEFJM 56 :J:YTF5}J"S :JLSFZL T[DG[ D9FZJFDF\ VFjIF CTFP

!*P VwIIG J:T] 5|T :J~5[ CMI tIFZ[ NZ[S lJnFYL"G[ D/L ZC[ T[JL jIJ:YF SZFI[, CTLP

!(P VwIIG J:T]GL JU"DF\ ;FD}lCS ZH}VFT SZTL JBT[ NZ[S lJnFYL" jIJl:YT ZLT[ lJUT HM.

XS[ T[JL jIJ:YF SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP

Page 83: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

68 68 68 68 68

!)P SM. lJUT V:5Q8 G ZC[ T[G\] wIFG ZBFI\] CT\]P V[S lJEFU S[ D]¡FGL 5}ZTL ;DH VF%IF AFN

lJnFYL"VMGL 1FDTF VG[ Tt5ZTFGF VFWFZ[ tIFZ5KL DF{lBS D}<IF\SG SZJFDF\ VFjI\] CT\]P

Z_P ;DU| SFI"S|D NZdIFG AWF H lJnFYL"VMG[ IMuI ZLT[ DFJHT D/[ T[G\] wIFG ZBFI\] CT\]P lGI\l+T

H}YGF lJnFYL"VMG[ VFJL SM. BF; DFJHT G D/[ T[ V\U[GL 56 ;\XMWS[ ;TS"TF 5}J"S GM\W

,LWL CTLP

#P(#P(#P(#P(#P( p5SZ6 ;\RF,G VG[ DFlCTLG\] V[S+LSZ6p5SZ6 ;\RF,G VG[ DFlCTLG\] V[S+LSZ6p5SZ6 ;\RF,G VG[ DFlCTLG\] V[S+LSZ6p5SZ6 ;\RF,G VG[ DFlCTLG\] V[S+LSZ6p5SZ6 ;\RF,G VG[ DFlCTLG\] V[S+LSZ6

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0"4 H}Y VwIF5G VG[ jIFbIFG

5âlT äFZF VwIF5G SZFJJFDF\ VFJ[, CT\]P Z! TF;GF 5|FIMlUS SFI"G[ V\T[ +6[I V[SDMGL X{1Fl6S

l;lâGF DF5G DF8[ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L VF5JFDF\ VFJL CTLP VF S;M8L

S], 5_ U]6GL CTLP S;M8LGM ;DI $5 lDlG8GM CTMP RFZ[I H}YG[ V[S H ;DI S;M8L VF5L

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL l;lâG\] DF5G SZJFDF\ VFjI\] CT\] TYF CAI SFI"S|D V\U[ lJnFYL"VMGF

VlE5|FIM V\AF;6F ZlRT VlE5|FIFJl, äFZF D[/JJFDF\ VFjIF\ CTF\P

#P)#P)#P)#P)#P) p5SZ6 5ZGF\ 5|lTRFZMG\ ] U]6F\SGp5SZ6 5ZGF\ 5|lTRFZMG\ ] U]6F\SGp5SZ6 5ZGF\ 5|lTRFZMG\ ] U]6F\SGp5SZ6 5ZGF\ 5|lTRFZMG\ ] U]6F\SGp5SZ6 5ZGF\ 5|lTRFZMG\ ] U]6F\SG

5|IMHS DFlCTL V[S+ SZJF DF8[ lX1FS lGlD"T p5SZ6G\] 5F+M 5Z ;\RF,G SZ[ K[ tIFZAFN

5F+MGF p5SZ6 5Z D/[,F 5|lTRFZMG\] U]6F\SG SZL ;\bIFtDS :J~5 VF5JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P tIFZ[

5'YÞZ6 DF8[ p5IMUDF\ ,[JF IMuI DFlCTL 5|F%T YFI K[P

5|IMHS[ 5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ 5_ U]6GL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8LGL ZRGF

SZL CTLP VGFtD,1FL ZLT[ 5|lTRFZMG\] U]6F\SG SZL p¿Z5+MGL RSF;6L SZL CTLP V[S ;FRF p¿Z

DF8[ V[S U]6 VG[ BM8F p¿Z DF8[ X}gI U]6 VF5JF V[J\] GÞL SZJFDF\ VFjI\] CT\]P VF S;M8LDF\ JW]DF\

JW] 5_ U]6 VG[ VMKFDF\ VMKF X}gI U]6 D/L XS[P

#P!_#P!_#P!_#P!_#P!_ 5|F%T DFlCTL5|F%T DFlCTL5|F%T DFlCTL5|F%T DFlCTL5|F%T DFlCTL

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ 5|IMHSGM C[T] VwIF5G 5âlTVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGL l;lâ

5ZGL V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JFGL CTLP VF DF8[ 5|IMHS[ A[ 5|IMUM CFY WZ[,FP

5|IMUv! S]DFZM 5Z VG[ 5|IMUvZ SgIFVM 5Z CFY WZ[,P VF A\G[ 5|IMUG[ V\T[ GLR[ D]HAGL

DFlCTL 5|F%T YI[,L CTLP

!P Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0"4 H}Y VwIF5G VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlT äFZF VwIIGGL

V;ZSFZSTFGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5Z RFZ[I H}YGF S]DFZM VG[

SgIFVMV[ D[/J[, lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGF l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMP

Page 84: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

69 69 69 69 69

#P!!#P!!#P!!#P!!#P!! DFlCTLGL 5'YÞZ6 5|lJlWDFlCTLGL 5'YÞZ6 5|lJlWDFlCTLGL 5'YÞZ6 5|lJlWDFlCTLGL 5'YÞZ6 5|lJlWDFlCTLGL 5'YÞZ6 5|lJlW

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ jIFbIFG 5âlTGL T],GFDF\ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[

H}Y VwIF5GGL V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JFDF\ VFJL CTLP VF DF8[ A[ 5|IMUM CFY WIF" CTFP T[DF\ NZ[SDF\

V[S lGI\l+T H}Y VG[ +6 5|FIMlUS H}Y CTF\P lGI\l+T H}YG[ jIFbIFG 5âlT äFZF VG[ 5|FIMlUS

H}YG[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" ;FlCtI VG[ H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G SZFJ[,

CT\]P

5|IMUGF V\T[ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGL l;lâ DF5JF DF8[ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHGL

5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L VF5JFDF\ VFJL CTLP

5|F%T DFlCTL V\TZF, DF5 5âlTDF\ CTLP VeIF;GF C[T]VM VG[ 5|FIMlUS IMHGF VG];FZ

5|F%T DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 tvS;M8L4 FvS;M8L VG[ SF.vJU" S;M8L äFZF SZJFDF\ VFjI\] CT\]P VF DF8[

SPSS Sd%I}8Z 5|MU|FDGM p5IMU SZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP 5|F%T DFlCTL VG[ T[G\] V\SXF:+LI 5'YÞZ6

V\U[GL lJUT[ ZH}VFT 5|SZ6 ;FTDF\ SZJFDF\ VFJL K[P

CJ[ 5KLGF 5|SZ6DF\ X{1Fl6S SFI"S|DGM lJSF; TYF JU"B\0DF\ lJlGIMUGL lJUT[ RRF" SZJFDF\

VFJL K[P

Page 85: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

70 70 70 70 705|SZ6 v $5|SZ6 v $5|SZ6 v $5|SZ6 v $5|SZ6 v $

X{1Fl6S SFI"S|DGM lJSF; TYF JU"B\0DF\ lJlGIMUX{1Fl6S SFI"S|DGM lJSF; TYF JU"B\0DF\ lJlGIMUX{1Fl6S SFI"S|DGM lJSF; TYF JU"B\0DF\ lJlGIMUX{1Fl6S SFI"S|DGM lJSF; TYF JU"B\0DF\ lJlGIMUX{1Fl6S SFI"S|DGM lJSF; TYF JU"B\0DF\ lJlGIMU

$P_$P_$P_$P_$P_ 5|:TFJGF5|:TFJGF5|:TFJGF5|:TFJGF5|:TFJGF

5|:T]T ;\XMWG :JT\+ R,GL 5ZT\+ R, 5Z YTL V;Z DF5JF V\U[G\] CT\]P VF ;\XMWGDF\

:JT\+ R,GL S1FFVM s!f Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D4 sZf JS"SF0"4 s#f H}Y VwIF5G VG[

s$f jIFbIFG 5âlT GÞL SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP 5ZT\+ R, TZLS[ s!f lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL

X{1Fl6S l;lâ GÞL SZ[, CTLP

VF 5|SZ6DF\ WMZ6 GJGF 5;\lNT V[SDM 5Z Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0"4 H}Y

VwIF5G SFI"S|DG\] lGDF"6 TYF JU"B\0DF\ lJlGIMU SZJFGL AFATM NXF"JJFDF\ VFJL K[P

$P!$P!$P!$P!$P! lJQFIJ:T]GL 5;\NULlJQFIJ:T]GL 5;\NULlJQFIJ:T]GL 5;\NULlJQFIJ:T]GL 5;\NULlJQFIJ:T]GL 5;\NUL

5|:T]T VeIF; V\TU"T Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5GGL

V;ZSFZSTF jIFbIFG 5âlT ;FY[ RSF;JFGL CTLP VF DF8[ lJQFIJ:T]GL 5;\NUL SZJFGL CTLP

5|IMHS 5|F6LXF:+ lJQFI ;FY[ VG]:GFTS CMI TYF 5MTFGF VG]EJ VG[ DFU"NX"SzL ;FY[GL RRF"G[

V\T[ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF 5;\lNT V[SDM 5Z SFI" SZJFG\] GÞL SIÅ]P lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH

lJQFIGF V[JF V[SDM 5Z SFI" SZJFG\] CT\] H[ V[SDM DF8[ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0"

VG[ H}Y VwIF5GGL ;\ZRGF SZL XSFIP V[SDMGL 5;\NUL SZJF DF8[ 5|IMHS[ DFU"NX"SzL VG[

TH7MGL ;FY[ A[;LG[ RRF" SZL CTLP VF TH7MGL IFNL ;FZ6L $P! DF\ NXF"J[, K[P

;FZ6L $P!;FZ6L $P!;FZ6L $P!;FZ6L $P!;FZ6L $P!

lJQFIJ:T] 5;\NUL DF8[GF THŸ7MGL IFNLlJQFIJ:T] 5;\NUL DF8[GF THŸ7MGL IFNLlJQFIJ:T] 5;\NUL DF8[GF THŸ7MGL IFNLlJQFIJ:T] 5;\NUL DF8[GF THŸ7MGL IFNLlJQFIJ:T] 5;\NUL DF8[GF THŸ7MGL IFNL

S |DS |DS |DS |DS |D THŸ7G\] GFDTHŸ7G\] GFDTHŸ7G\] GFDTHŸ7G\] GFDTHŸ7G\] GFD CM¡M VG[ ;\:YFG\] GFDCM¡M VG[ ;\:YFG\] GFDCM¡M VG[ ;\:YFG\] GFDCM¡M VG[ ;\:YFG\] GFDCM¡M VG[ ;\:YFG\] GFD

! 0F¶P ;\HIEF. HFGL 5|FwIF5S4 8LPV[GP ZFJ SM,[H sV[DPV[0ŸP lJEFUf4 ZFHSM8

Z zL X{,[QFEF. JMZF VFRFI"4 DF;}D lJnF,I4 ZFHSM8

# 0F¶P AL5LGEF. ;FJ,LIF lX1FSzL4 ;ZNFZ 58[, lJnF,I4 ZFHSM8

$ zL ALPV[,P ,]6FUZLIF lX1FSzL4 DF;}D lJnF,I4 ZFHSM8

5 zL lJHI 3F8,LIF 5|FwIF5S4 VwIF5G D\lNZ4 XF5]Z

;FZ6L $P! G\] VJ,MSG SZTF\ H6FI\] K[ S[4 V[S TH7 ALPV[0ŸP SM,[HGF 5|FwIF5S4 V[S

VwIF5G D\lNZGF 5|FwIF5S4 V[S VFRFI"zL VG[ A[ lJ7FG lX1FSMGM lJQFIJ:T]GL 5;\NULGF TH7MDF\

;DFJ[X YI[, CTMP

Page 86: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

71 71 71 71 71

VF TH7MGF ;}RjIF 5|DF6[ WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF V[SD 5|F6L5[XLVM45|F6L5[XLVM45|F6L5[XLVM45|F6L5[XLVM45|F6L5[XLVM4

JG:5lT JUL"SZ6 JG:5lT JUL"SZ6 JG:5lT JUL"SZ6 JG:5lT JUL"SZ6 JG:5lT JUL"SZ6 VG[ 5|F6L JUL"SZ6 5|F6L JUL"SZ6 5|F6L JUL"SZ6 5|F6L JUL"SZ6 5|F6L JUL"SZ6 5Z SFI" SZJFG\] GÞL SIÅ] CT\]P

$PZ$PZ$PZ$PZ$PZ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|DG\] lGDF"6Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|DG\] lGDF"6Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|DG\] lGDF"6Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|DG\] lGDF"6Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|DG\] lGDF"6

5|:T]T VeIF; V\TU"T Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP VF

DF8[ MS-Office GF\ Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation Package GM p5IMU SZL

D<8LDLl0IF 5|[hg8[XG :,F.0 XM T{IFZ SZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP

V\AF;6F sZ__Zf V[ ;}RJ[,F :,F.0 XM SFI"S|D ;\ZRGFGF\ ;M5FGMG[ DCNV\X[ VG];ZJFDF\

VFjIF\ CTF\P H[ VF 5|DF6[GF\ CTF\P

VPVPVPVPVP TAÞM 5C[,M o VwIF5G SFI"S|DG\] VFIMHGTAÞM 5C[,M o VwIF5G SFI"S|DG\] VFIMHGTAÞM 5C[,M o VwIF5G SFI"S|DG\] VFIMHGTAÞM 5C[,M o VwIF5G SFI"S|DG\] VFIMHGTAÞM 5C[,M o VwIF5G SFI"S|DG\] VFIMHG

!P!P!P!P!P lJQFI VG[ V[SDGL 5;\NULP lJQFI VG[ V[SDGL 5;\NULP lJQFI VG[ V[SDGL 5;\NULP lJQFI VG[ V[SDGL 5;\NULP lJQFI VG[ V[SDGL 5;\NULP VF ;M5FG C[9/ VwIF5G DF8[GF lJQFIGL T[DH

V[SDMGL 5;\NUL SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P VF,[lBTMG[ :YFG CMI T[J\] lJQFIJ:T] 5;\N SZJ\]

HM.V[P VF p5ZF\T VCÄ VeIF; z[6L VG[ VwIF5GGF DFwIDG[ wIFGDF\ ,[JFI K[P

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ WMZ6vGJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF V[SDM

c5|F6L5[XLVMc4 cJG:5lT JUL"SZ6c VG[ c5|F6LJUL"SZ6c 5;\N SZJFDF\ VFjIF CTFP

H[DF\ ;FZF 5|DF6DF\ VF,[lBTMG[ :YFG CT\]P VwIF5GG\] DFwID U]HZFTL EFQFF CT\]P

ZPZPZPZPZP VwIF5GLI C[T]VMG\] lGWF"Z6P VwIF5GLI C[T]VMG\] lGWF"Z6P VwIF5GLI C[T]VMG\] lGWF"Z6P VwIF5GLI C[T]VMG\] lGWF"Z6P VwIF5GLI C[T]VMG\] lGWF"Z6P lJQFI VG[ V[SDM GÞL SIF" AFN V[ V[SDMGF VwIF5G

DF8[GF VwIF5GLI C[T]VM GÞL SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P C[T]VM :5Q8 VG[ ;Z/ EFQFFDF\

,BJF HM.V[P C[T]VM V5[l1FT 5lZJT"GGF ;\NE"DF\ ,BFI T[ DCÀJG]\ K[P

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ c5|F6L5[XLVM4 cJG:5lT JUL"SZ6c VG[ c5|F6LJUL"SZ6c

V[SDMGF VwIF5G DF8[GF C[T]VM lGWF"lZT SZJFDF\ VFjIF CTFP VF DF8[ WMZ6vGJGF

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF VeIF;S|D VG[ 5F9I5]:TSGM ;CFZM ,[JFDF\ VFjIMP

GÞL SZ[,F C[T]VM VF 5|DF6[ CTFP

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P VlWrKNLI 5[XL lJX[ HF6L XS[P

ZP ;Z/ VlWrKN lJX[ HF6L XS[P

#P 3GFSFZ VlWrKN lJX[ HF6L XS[P

$P ,FNL;D VlWrKN lJX[ HF6L XS[P

5P 51D, VlWrKN lJX[ ;DH D[/JL XS[P

Page 87: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

72 72 72 72 72

&P :T'T VlWrKN VM/BL XS[P

*P ;\IMHS 5[XL lJX[ ;DÒ XS[P

(P S\SF, ;\IMHS 5[XL lJX[ ;DH D[/JL XS[P

)P 5|JFCL ;\IMHS 5[XL lJX[ ;DÒ XS[P

!_P :GFI]5[XL lJX[ HF6L XS[P

!!P S\SF, :GFI] VM/BL XS[P

!ZP VZ[lBT :GFI] VM/BL XS[P

!#P ìN :GFI] lJX[ HF6L XS[P

!$P R[TF5[XLGL ZRGF ;DÒ XS[P

!5P JUL"SZ6G\] DCÀJ HF6L XS[P

!&P GFDSZ6GL ;\S<5GF ;DÒ XS[P

!*P JG:5lT JUL"SZ6 HF6L XS[P

!(P ;D]NFI o ;F.hMOFI8FGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

!)P ;D]NFI o ,L,GF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

Z_P ;D]NFI o O}UGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

Z!P ;D]NFI o ,F.S[GGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

ZZP ;D]NFI o ,F.S[GGF pNFCZ6M VF5L XS[P

Z#P lJEFU o läV\UL lJX[ ;DH D[/JL XS[P

Z$P lJEFU o l+V\UL lJX[ ;DH D[/JL XS[P

Z5P lJEFU o l+V\ULG\] pNFCZ6 VF5L XS[P

Z&P p5;'lQ8 o ;5]Q5LGF 5|SFZM HF6L XS[P

Z*P lJEFU o VGFJ'¿ ALHWFZL lJX[ ;DH D[/JL XS[P

Z(P lJEFU o VGFJ'¿ ALHWFZLGF pNFCZ6M VF5L XS[P

Z)P lJEFU o VFJ'¿ ALHWFZLGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

#_P JU" o läN/LG[ VM/BL XS[P

#!P JU" o V[SN/LG[ VM/BL XS[P

#ZP JU" o läN/L VG[ V[SN/L JrR[GM E[N 5FZBL XS[P

##P JUL"SZ6lJnFGL ;\S<5GF ;DH[P

#$P JUL"SZ6G\] DCÀJ HF6[P

#5P GFDSZ6 5âlT ;DH[P

#&P 5|F6LJUL"SZ6GL ;\S<5GF ;DH[P

#*P 5|F6LJUL"SZ6GF lJlJW ;D]NFIM HF6[P

#(P 5|ÒJ ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LVMG[ VM/B[P

Page 88: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

73 73 73 73 73

#)P 5|ÒJ ;D]NFIGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

$_P ;lKã ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LVMG[ VM/BL XS[P

$!P ;lKã ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LVMGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

$ZP ;lKãGL N[CZRGF ;DÒ XS[P

$#P SMQ9F\l+ ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LVMG[ VM/BL XS[P

$$P SMQ9F\l+ ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LVMGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

$5P 5'Y]S'lD ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LVMG[ VM/BL XS[P

$&P 5'Y]S'lD ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LVMGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

$*P ;}+S'lD ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LVMG[ VM/BL XS[P

$(P ;}+S'lD ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LVMGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

$)P G]5}ZS ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LVMG[ VM/BL XS[P

5_P G]5}ZS ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LVMGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

5!P ;\lW5FN ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LVMG[ VM/BL XS[P

5ZP ;\lW5FN ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LVMGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

5#P ;\lW5FN ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LVMGF :YFG V\U[ HF6L XS[P

5$P D'N]SFI ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LVMG[ VM/BL XS[P

55P D'N]SFI ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LVMGF ,1F6MG[ HF6L XS[P

5&P X}/tJRL ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LVMG[ VM/BL XS[P

5*P X}/tJRL ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LVMGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

5(P D[Z]N\0L ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LVMG[ VM/BL XS[P

5)P D[Z]N\0GL ;\S<5GF ;DÒ XS[P

&_P D[Z]N\0L VG[ VD[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVMGM TOFJT ;DÒ XS[P

&!P 5'Q9J\XLGL ;\S<5GF ;DÒ XS[P

&ZP 5'Q9J\XL VG[ V5'Q9J\XL 5|F6LVMGM TOFJT ;DÒ XS[P

&ZP JU" R}QFD]BFGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

&#P JU" SFl:YDt:IGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

&$P JU" Vl:YDt:IGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

&5P 5|JU" RT]Q5FNGF 5|F6LVMG[ VM/BL XS[P

&&P JU" éEIÒJLGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

&*P JU" ;lZ;'5GF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

&(P JU" lJCUGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

&)P JU" ;:TGGF 5|F6LVMG[ VM/BL XS[P

*_P JU" ;:TGGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

Page 89: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

74 74 74 74 74

#P#P#P#P#P :8MZL AM0"G\ ] ;H"GP :8MZL AM0"G\ ] ;H"GP :8MZL AM0"G\ ] ;H"GP :8MZL AM0"G\ ] ;H"GP :8MZL AM0"G\ ] ;H"GP VwIF5G DF8[GF 5|`GM S[ C[T]VMG[ VFWFZ[ lJQFIJ:T] lGlüT

SZJ\] HM.V[P lJQFIJ:T] 5;\NUL SZTL JBT[ VwIF5GLI C[T]VM4 VwI[TFG\] X{1Fl6S

:TZ T[DH V5[l1FT 5}J"7FGG[ wIFGDF\ ,[JF HM.V[P lJQFIJ:T]G\] 5'YÞZ6 VG[ VFIMHG

NZlDIFG lJQFIJ:T]GL ZH}VFTGL ZLT VG[ :J~5 GÞL SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ T[ ,BF6 S[

lR+M v VF,[lBTMGF :J~5[ S[ A\G[GF ;DgJI :J~5[ CMI XS[P lJQFIJ:T]GL ZH}VFT

CSLSTM (Facts)4 lGIDM (Rules)4 l;âF\TM (Principles) S[ ;\S<5GFVM (Concepts)

:J~5[ CMI XS[P VF DF8[ DFlCTL S[ pNFCZ6M 5}ZF 5F0JF 50[P T[DH 5|J'l¿VM ;}RJL

XSFIP

8}\SDF\ VwIF5G DF8[GF ;DFlJQ8 lJQFIJ:T]GL D]bI D]¡FVMGL ZH}VFTGM S|D

VG[ VFIMHGG\] :J~54 XFlaNS T[DH VXFlaNS :J~5[ s:S[R :J~5[f UM9JJFGL lS|IF

V[8,[ :8MZL AM0"P

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ VF :8MZL AM0"GF\ lGDF"6 SZTF\ 5C[,F\ DFlCTLGL ZH}VFTGM

lRTFZ D[/JJF DF8[ O,MRF8"GL ZRGF SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP H[GF VFWFZ[ :8MZLAM0"G\] lGDF"6

SZJFDF\ VFjI\] CT\]P VF O,MRF8" GLR[ NXF"jIF D]HAGM CTMP

XLQF"S

2 v :T'T VlWrKNv VlWrKN 5[XLGF

SFIM"v ;\IMHS 5[XLv ;\IMHS 5[XLGF

5|SFZM

:JFwIFI

3 v SFl:Yv Vl:Yv 5|JFCL ;\IMHS

5[XLv :GFI]5[XL VG[

T[GF 5|SFZM

:JFwIFI

;DF%T

VeIF;GF lJEFUM

^

^^ ^ ^ ^

5|F6L5[XLVM

1 VlWrKNLI 5[XL VG[T[GF 5|SFZM

:JFwIFI

Page 90: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

75 75 75 75 75

XLQF"S

VeIF;GF lJEFUM

v JUL"SZ6G\] DCtJv GFDSZ6v JG:5lT

1 JUL"SZ6v lJEFU o V[SF\ULv ;D]NFI o

;F.hMOFI8F

:JFwIFI

v lJEFU o läV\ULv lJEFU o l+V\UL

3 v p5;'lQ8 o ;5]Q5Lv lJEFU o VGFJ'¿

ALHWFZL

:JFwIFI

< <

< <

XLQF"S

VeIF;GF lJEFUM

;DF%T

2;D]NFI o 5|ÒJ;D]NFI o ;lKã

1v JUL"SZ6G\] DCtJv GFDSZ6

4;D]NFI o ;\lW5FN4D'N]SFI4 X}/tJRL

;D]NFI o SMQ9F\l+

3;D]NFI o 5'Y]S'lD;D]NFI o ;}+S'lD;D]NFI o G]5}ZS

v p5;D]NFI o 5|D[Z]N\0L4

65'Q9J\XL

v 5'Q9J\XL4 V5'Q9J\XLGLT],GF

5;D]NFI o D[Z]N\0Lv D[Z]N\0LvVD[Z]N\0LGL

T],GF

8JU" o ;lZ;'54 lJCU4;:TG

75|JU" o Dt:I4 RT]Q5FNJU" o éEIÒJL

<

<

<

<

<

<

<

<

< <

^

:JFwIFI

:JFwIFI

:JFwIFI

:JFwIFI

:JFwIFI

:JFwIFI

:JFwIFI

:JFwIFI

;D]NFI o ,L,2 ;D]NFI o O}U

;D]NFI o ,F.S[G

:JFwIFI

v lJEFU o VFJ'¿ALHWFZL

v VFJ'¿ ALHWFZL VG[4 VGFJ'¿ ALHWFZL

JrR[GM TOFJTv JU" o läN/Lv JU" o V[SN/L

:JFwIFI

<

;DF%T

^<

JG:5lT JUL"SZ6

5|F6L JUL"SZ6

Page 91: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

76 76 76 76 76

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ :8MZL AM0"G\] SFR\] :J~5 T{IFZ SZJFDF\ VFjI\]\ CT\]P T[GL IMuITFGL

RSF;6L DF8[ TH7M ;FY[ RRF" SZL DFU"NX"G D[/jI\\] CT\]P TH7MGF\ ;}RGMGM VD,

SZL :8MZL AM0"DF\ ;]WFZF JWFZF SZL ;\5FNG SZL T[G[ VFBZL :J~5 VF5JFDF\ VFjI\]

CT\]P

VF :8MZL AM0"GF\ lGDF"6 NZdIFG lJQFIJ:T] 5'YÞZ6 VG[ S|lDS ZH}VFTGF\

;\NE"DF\ 5|IMHSM ;J" ,]6FUZLIF ;FC[A4 zL lJHIEF. 3F8,LIF4 zL AL5LGEF.

;FJ,LIF4 zL ;\HIEF. HFGL4 zL lCT[QFEF. ;M,\SLGL ;[JFVM ,LWL CTLP H[GL IMuITFGL

RSF;6L DFU"NX"S ;FY[ T[DH Sd%I}8Z VG[ lJ7FG lJQFIGF TH7zL Sd%I}8Z ;FIg;

EJGGF zL S\]EFZ6F VG[ zL WD["XEF. N]WF+F sZlJ .gOM8[S4 ZFHSM8f ;FY[ RRF" SZL

DFU"NX"G D[/JJFDF\ VFjI\] CT\]P T[ VG];FZ :8MZLAM0"DF\ O[ZOFZMv;]WFZFVM SZL T[G\]

VFBZL :J~5 ZRJFDF\ VFjI\] CT\]P

VFBZL :J~5G\] :8MZL AM0" 5lZlXQ8 v# DF\ VF5[,\] K[P

APAPAPAPAP TAÞM ALHM oTAÞM ALHM oTAÞM ALHM oTAÞM ALHM oTAÞM ALHM o U|FlOS; U|FlOS; U|FlOS; U|FlOS; U|FlOS; (Graphics) DF8[GL OF.,G\] lGDF"6 DF8[GL OF.,G\] lGDF"6 DF8[GL OF.,G\] lGDF"6 DF8[GL OF.,G\] lGDF"6 DF8[GL OF.,G\] lGDF"6

VwIF5G NZdIFG lJQFIJ:T]GL ZH}VFT SZTL JBT[ XFlaNS DFlCTLGL ;FY[ VXFlaNS DFlCTL

56 ZH} SZJFGL YTL CMI K[P VF VXFlaNS DFlCTL lR+M4 VF,[BM4 VFS'l¿VM4 SF8"]g;4 ;\S[TM S[

OM8MU|FO; SM.56 :J~5[ CMI XS[P VF VXFlaNS DFlCTL H[G[ U|FlOS; S[ VF,[lBTM SC[ T[ D[/JL

,[JF 50[P VF DF8[ 5F9I5]:TSM4 ;\NE"U|\YM4 N:TFJ[HM4 VBAFZM4 VF<AD4 5M:8;"4 D[U[hLGM H[JF

KF5[,F ;FlCtIGM p5IMU SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P CJ[ VFJL DFlCTL l0lH8, :J~5[ CD 5Z 56 5|F%I K[P

V[8,\] H GCÄ .g8ZG[8 5ZYL 56 VFJL DFlCTL D[/JL XSFIP

SM.56 5|SFZ[ D[/J[,L VXFlaNS DFlCTLvU|FlOS;GL S,FtDS U]6J¿F TM êRL CMJL H HM.V[

V[8,\] H GCÄ4 T[GL IYFY"TFv;tITF 56 V[8,L H DCÀJGL K[P XSI CMI TM 5|tI[S lJQFIJ:T]GF

D]¡FVM DF8[ V[S SZTF\ JW] U|FlOS; D[/JJF VG[ D},JJF tIFZAFN :S[GZGL DNNYL :S[lG\U SZJFP

:S[G SZ[,F VFJF U|FlOS;G\] ;\5FNG 56 SZJ\] 50[P T[DF\ H~ZL O[ZOFZM H[D S[ V\U|[Ò GFDSZ6 S[

GFDlGN["XG SZ[,F CMI TM T[G\] U]HZFTLDF\ ~5F\TZ SZJ\] 50[P SIFZ[S S[8,FS EFU pD[ZJF S[ N}Z SZJF

50[P VF DF8[ Sd%I}8ZGF\ SM. OM8M V[l08Z S[ U|FlOS 8],GM p5IMU SZL XSFIP MS-PAINT,

MICROSOFT PHOTOSHOP, COREL DRAW JU[Z[ V[l08ÄU DF8[GF\ p5IMUL 8}<; K[P

S[8,LSJFZ T{IFZ U|FlOS; p5,aW G CMI tIFZ[ 5|IMHS[ HFT[ S[ SM. S,FSFZGL DNNYL U|FlOS;

T{IFZ SZJF 50[P VFJF U|FlOS; Sd%I}8Z 5Z ;LWF H AGFJL XSFI VYJF SFU/ 5Z T{IFZ SIF" AFN

:S[GÄU SZL XSFIP

Page 92: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

77 77 77 77 77

U|FlOS;GL IMuI 5;\NUL S[ ;H"G 5KL T[G[ OF., :J~5[ SM. OM<0ZDF\ Save SZJF HM.V[P

OF., Save SZTL JBT[ U|FlOS; S[8,L HuIF ZMS[ K[ V[8,[ S[ T[G\] SN S[8,\] K[ T[ 56 T5F;L ,[J\]P

Bitmap :J~5[ Save SZ[,L OF., JWFZ[ HuIF ZMS[ K[P HIFZ[ JPG S[ JPEG :J~5[ Save SZ[,L

U|FlOS; OF., VMKL HuIF ZMS[ K[P

5|F6L5[XLVM4 JG:5lT JUL"SZ6 VG[ 5|F6LJUL"SZ6GF ;D]NFIMGF 5|F6LVMGF JF:TlJS

OM8MU|FO; TYF VDLAF VG[ 5[ZFD[lXIDGL ÒJ\T lJ0LVM S,Ll5\U D[/JJFDF\ VFjIF CTFP VF DF8[

5|IMHS[ .g8ZG[8Z 5Z www.google.com 5Z H. ;R" SZL 5|YD A|Fplh\U SZ[,\]P T[DF\YL

VeIF;GF C[T]VMG[ wIFGDF\ ,. lR+M 0FpG ,M0 SZ[,F\P S], !## U|FlOS; q OM8MU|FO;GM p5IMU

SIM" CTM H[DG[ .JPG :J~5[ Save SIF" CTFP HIFZ[ lJ0LVM S,L5ÄU .MPG :J~5[ CTLP H[G\] SN

#P_)MB CT\]P

SPSPSPSPSP TAÞM +LHM oTAÞM +LHM oTAÞM +LHM oTAÞM +LHM oTAÞM +LHM o :,F.0 XM lGDF"6:,F.0 XM lGDF"6:,F.0 XM lGDF"6:,F.0 XM lGDF"6:,F.0 XM lGDF"6

D<8L lDl0IF 5|[hg8[XG DF8[GM :,F.0 XM MS-OFFICE GF\ MS-POWERPOINT 5|[hg8[XG

U|FlOS 5[S[H äFZF T{IFZ SZL XSFI K[P VF DF8[ :8MZL AM0" VG[ U|FlOS OF.,MGL H~Z 50[P

GLR[ ;}RJ[,F\ S|lDS ;M5FGM VG];ZL :,F.0 XMG\] lGDF"6 SZL XSFIP

;M5FG v ! o;M5FG v ! o;M5FG v ! o;M5FG v ! o;M5FG v ! o 5FJZ 5M.g8 X~ SZJ\]5FJZ 5M.g8 X~ SZJ\]5FJZ 5M.g8 X~ SZJ\]5FJZ 5M.g8 X~ SZJ\]5FJZ 5M.g8 X~ SZJ\]

lllll :8F8" q 5|MU|FDq DF.S|M;MO8 5FJZ 5M.g8 lS,S SZMP

lllll a,[gS 5|[hg8[XG lS,S SZMP

lllll :,F.0 ,[vVFp8DF\YL 8F.8, :,F.0 5;\N SZL lS,S SZMP :S|LG 5Z GMD", jI]DF\

a,[gS 8F.8, :,F.0 HMJF D/X[P

;M5FG v Z o;M5FG v Z o;M5FG v Z o;M5FG v Z o;M5FG v Z o 8],AFZ v D[G]AFZ UM9JJF8],AFZ v D[G]AFZ UM9JJF8],AFZ v D[G]AFZ UM9JJF8],AFZ v D[G]AFZ UM9JJF8],AFZ v D[G]AFZ UM9JJF

lllll jI] D[G]GF\ 8],AFZ 5;\N SZL T[GF :8Fg00" VG[ OMD["l8\U lJS<5MDF\ VF5[,F Check BoxDF\

lS,S SZMP

;M5FG v # o;M5FG v # o;M5FG v # o;M5FG v # o;M5FG v # o VFp8 ,F.G q ~5Z[BFG\] lGDF"6VFp8 ,F.G q ~5Z[BFG\] lGDF"6VFp8 ,F.G q ~5Z[BFG\] lGDF"6VFp8 ,F.G q ~5Z[BFG\] lGDF"6VFp8 ,F.G q ~5Z[BFG\] lGDF"6

lllll lS,S 8] V[0 8F.8, AMS;DF\ lS,S SZM VG[ VwIF5G DF8[GF V[SDG\] XLQF"S q GFD

8F.5 SZMP 5|:T]T VeIF; DF8[ c5|F6L5[XLVMc4 cJG:5lT JUL"SZ6c VG[ c5|F6L JUL"SZ6c

XLQF"S 8F.5 SZJFDF\ VFjI\] CT\]P VF DF8[ U]HZFTL EFQFFGF 8[ZFOMg8 .gãGM p5IMU

SZ[,MP H[GL OMg8 ;F.h &_ CTLP

Page 93: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

78 78 78 78 78

lllll lS,S 8] V[0 ;A8F.8, AMS;DF\ 5|IMHS VG[ DFU"NX"SG\] GFD 8F.5 SZJFDF\ VFjI\]

CT\] H[GL OMg8 ;F.h &_ CTLP

lllll TDFZF lJQFIJ:T]G[ S|lDS ZLT[ GJL :,F.0DF\ 8F.5 SZJF DF8[ D[G]AFZGF .g;8"vgI]

:,F.0G[ lS,S SZM VYJF Ctrl + N SLh NAFJM VYJF V[g8Z VF5MP VFYL GJL :,F.0

:S|LG 5Z VFJX[P

lllll lJQFIJ:T]GL UM9J6L DF8[ ,[vVFp8 8[d5,[8GM p5IMU SZMP H[ lJQFIJ:T]GL UM9J6

DF8[ lJlJW lJS<5M ;}RJX[P IMuI ,[vVFp8 5;\N SZL lS,S SZMPVG[ tIFZ AFN T[DF\

8[S;8 8F.5 SZMP V[g8Z SL NAFJJFYL GJM D]¡M A],[8 VF.8DYL X~ SZMP

lllll 5|[hg8[XG 5|YD JBT ;[J SZJF OF.,vG[DDF\ ;[J V[h SDFg0 5Z lS,S SZMP B]<,F

0FI,MU AMS;DF\ 5;\lNT 0=F.J 5Z4 .lrKT GFDG\] OM<0Z AGFJL4 OF., G[.D 8F.5

SZL ;[J 5Z lS,S SZMP

5|IMHS[ D:\Students\Tissues, D:\Students\Plants VG[

D:\Students\Vargikaran YL OF., ;[J SZL CTLP

lllll ,BF6GF V1FZM q OMg8;GL ;F.h VG[ S,Z AN,FJJF CMI S[ V1FZM 3F8F4 +F\;F S[

Z[BF\lST SZJF CMI T[ lJS<5 5;\N SZMP ZF.84 ,[O84 ;[g8Z S[ H:8LOF.04 V[,F.gD[g8

DF8[ OMD["8ÄU 8],AFZGF\ IMuI A8GMGM p5IMU SZMP

lllll HM AWL H :,F.0GF OMg8 VG[ S,ZDF\ O[ZOFZ SZJM CMI VG[ V[S;ZB\] ZFBJ\] CMI TM

DF:8Z :,F.0GF OMg8 VG[ S,Z AN,MP DF:8Z :,F.0DF\YL ACFZ VFJJF DF8[ S,Mh

A8G 5Z lS,S SZMP 5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ 8[ZFOMg8 .gãGM GMD", VG[ AM<0 A\G[ OMg8GM

p5IMU SZJFDF\ VFJ[, CTMP OMg8 ;F.h H]NLvH]NL S[8[UZLGF 8F.8, D]HA ZFBJFDF\

VFJL CTLP H[DF\ 8F.8, DF8[ $$GL OMg8 ;F.h ZFBJFDF\ VFJL CTLP

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ ,BF6 DF8[ OMg8GM S,Z a,[S VG[ I,M CTM T[DH :,F.0

8F.8,GM Z\U a,[S T[DH ,F, ZFBJFDF\ VFjIM CTM HIFZ[ :,F.0GM A[SU|Fpg0GM Z\U

jCF.8 T[DH a,[S ZFbIM CTMP ,BF6G[ S:8D V[GLD[XGDF\YL .O[S8 V5LIZ VF5JFYL

,BF6 dim YT\] CT\]P H[GM Z\U VFKM ,L,M VG[ U|[ CTMP V[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVM DF8[GF

lJEFU o ! DF\ !$ :,F.0M CTLP lJEFU o Z DF\ !Z :,F.0M CTLP lJEFU o # DF\ Z_

:,F.0M CTLP VCÄ NZ[S lJEFUDF\ lJnFYL"VM DF8[ D}<IF\SG S;M8LVM D}SJFDF\ VFJL

CTLP p5ZF\T ;DF5GGL S], _! :,F.0 AGFJJFDF\ VFJL CTLP S], 5$ :,F.0MGM

Page 94: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

79 79 79 79 79

;DFJ[X SZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP V[SD o JG:5lT JUL"SZ6 DF8[GF lJEFU o ! DF\ !$

:,F.0M CTLP lJEFU o ZDF\ !_ :,F.0M CTLP lJEFU o # DF\ 56 !_ :,F.0M CTLP

lJEFU o $ DF\ _* :,F.0M CTLP VCÄ NZ[S lJEFUDF\ lJnFYL"VM DF8[ D}<IF\SG S;M8LVM

D]SJFDF\ VFJL CTLP p5ZF\T ;DF5GGL _! :,F.0 AGFJJFDF\ VFJL CTLP S], &!

:,F.0MGM ;DFJ[X SZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6GF lJEFU o! sJUL"SZ6G\]

DCÀJ VG[ GFDSZ6f DF8[ #! :,F.0M CTLP lJEFU o Z s;D]NFI o 5|ÒJ4 ;lKãf

DF8[ !5 :,F.0M4 lJEFU o # s;D]NFI o SMQ9F\l+4 5'Y]S'lD4 ;}+S'lD4 G]5}ZSf DF8[ !&

:,F.0M4 lJEFU o $ s;D]NFIo ;\lW5FN4 X}/tJRLf DF8[ !5 :,F.0M4 lJEFU o 5

s;D]NFI o D[Z]N\0L4 D[Z]N\0vVD[Z]N\0LGL T],GFf DF8[ ( :,F.0M4 lJEFU o & sp5;D]NFI

o 5|D[Z]N\0L4 5'Q9J\XL4 5'Q9J\XLv V5'Q9J\XLGL T],GFf DF8[ !! :,F.0M4 lJEFU o *

s5|JU" o Dt:I4 RT]Q5FN4 JU" o pEIÒJLf DF8[ !& :,F.0M4 lJEFU o ( sJU" o

;ZL;'54 lJCU4 Dt:If DF8[ !( :,F.0M p5ZF\T ;DF5GGL _! :,F.0 AGFJJFDF\

VFJL CTLP VCÄ NZ[S lJEFUDF\ lJnFYL"VM DF8[ D}<IF\SG S;M8LVM D}SJFDF\ VFJL CTLP

S], !#$ :,F.0MGM ;DFJ[X SZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP VFD4 5|F6L5[XLVM4 JG:5lT

JUL"SZ6 VG[ 5|F6L JUL"SZ6GL VG]S|D[ 5$4 &! VG[ !#$ :,F.0M D/LG[ S], Z$)

:,F.0MGM Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D T{IFZ SZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP

;M5FG v $ o;M5FG v $ o;M5FG v $ o;M5FG v $ o;M5FG v $ o U|FlOS; pD[ZJF\U|FlOS; pD[ZJF\U|FlOS; pD[ZJF\U|FlOS; pD[ZJF\U|FlOS; pD[ZJF\

lllll .g;8" D[G]GF 5LSRZ VM%;G 5Z lS,S SZM VG[ H[ :,F.0DF\ U|FlOS; D}SJ\] CMI tIF\

0A, lS,S SZMP

lllll .lrKT lR+ 5;\N SZL lS,S SZMP :S|LG 5Z VFJTF D[G]GF ;F{YL p5ZGF A8G .g;8"

.D[H 5Z lS,S SZMP

lllll .g8ZG[8 5ZGL ;F.8 www.google.com ;R" V[lgHGGL DNNYL H~ZL OM8MU|FO; q

lR+M D[/JL XSFI K[P

lllll VF OM8MU|FO; q lR+MGF TDFZF 5|[hg8[XG VG];FZ Z\UDF\ O[ZOFZ SZL XSFI K[ T[DH

T[DF\ H~Z 5|DF6[ GFDlGN["X 56 SZL XSFI K[P 5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ lS,5 VF8"GF T{IFZ

U|FlOS;GM p5IMU SZ[, G CTMP

lllll VCÄ U|FlOS; pD[ZJF DF8[ U|FlOSGL SM5L SZJF 8],AFZGF SM5L A8G 5Z lS,S SZM

VYJF Ctrl + C SLh ;FY[ NAFJMP H[ :,F.0DF\ U|FlOS D}SJ\] CMI T[ :,F.0 :S|LG 5Z

,FJMP 5[:8 A8G lS,S SZMP VYJF Ctrl + V SLh ;FY[ NAFJMP U|FlOS 5[:8 Y. HX[P

Page 95: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

80 80 80 80 80

lllll VF U|FlOSGF B}6FGF SF/F RMZ;GL DNNYL T[GL ;F.h DFp;YL GFGFvDM8L SZL XSFIP

lllll 5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ 5|IMHS[ OM8MU|FO VG[ VFS'lTVMGF VF,[lBTMGM p5IMU SZ[,MP T[GF\

SN GFGF\vDM8F\ SZ[,F\ VF DF8[ MS-Paint 5|MU|FD JF5Z[,MP

;M5FG v 5 o;M5FG v 5 o;M5FG v 5 o;M5FG v 5 o;M5FG v 5 o 5| [hg8[XGG[ V;ZSFZS AGFJJ\ ]5| [hg8[XGG[ V;ZSFZS AGFJJ\ ]5| [hg8[XGG[ V;ZSFZS AGFJJ\ ]5| [hg8[XGG[ V;ZSFZS AGFJJ\ ]5| [hg8[XGG[ V;ZSFZS AGFJJ\ ]

5|[hg8[XGG[ V[l084 0[J,5 VG[ OMD["8 SIF" AFN T[G[ V;ZSFZS VG[ 5|EFJXF/L AGFJL

XSFI K[P V[lGD[XG pD[ZJF V[lGD[XG .O[S8YL TD[ ,BF6 (text)4 VJFHM (sounds)4

VF,[lBTM (graphics)4 lO<D (movies) S[ VgI J:T]VMG[ V[lGD[8 SZL XSM KMP H[GF\ SFZ6[

D]bI D]¡FVM TZO 5|[1FSMG\] wIFG ;FZL ZLT[ VFSlQF"T YFI K[4 VG[ S[lgãT YFI K[P V[lGD[XGYL

5|[hg8[XG Z]lRSZ AGFJL XSFI K[P

5|IMHS[ V[lGD[XGDF\YL .O[S8 V5LIZGL DNNYL ,BF6G[ JW] V;ZSFZS AGFjI\] CT\]P

H[YL V[S D]NŸF 5KL GJM D]NŸM VFJ[ tIFZ[ VUFpGF D]NŸFG\] ,BF6 Dim YT\] CT\]P H[YL ,BF6 JW]

VFSQF"S ,FUT\] CT\]P VF p5ZF\T 5|ÒJ ;D]NFIGF VDLAF VG[ 5[ZFlDlXID 5|F6LVMGF ÒJ\T

lJ0LVM S,Ll5\U q Movie 56 D}SJFDF\ VFjIF CTFP H[GM ;DIUF/M !( ;[Sg0GM CTMP

;M5FG v & o;M5FG v & o;M5FG v & o;M5FG v & o;M5FG v & o :,F.0 XMGL ZH}VFT:,F.0 XMGL ZH}VFT:,F.0 XMGL ZH}VFT:,F.0 XMGL ZH}VFT:,F.0 XMGL ZH}VFT

lllll 5|[hg8[XG DF8[GL :,F.0;GM S|D q VM0"Z UM9JL XSFI K[P jI] D[G]GF\ :,F.0 XM8"ZG[

lS,S SZMP S|D AN,JM CMI T[ :,F.0 5;\N SZL DFp;YL IMuI HuIFV[ 0=[U SZM VG[

KM0L NMP

lllll AN,FTL A[ :,F.0; JrR[ 8=FghLXG .O[S8 56 VF5L XSFIP VFD SZJF DF8[ Slide

Show D[G]DF\ H.G[ Slide Transition 5Z lS,S SZMP

lllll Slide Transition 0FI,MU AMS;DF\ :,F.0 XM S. ZLT[ VFU/ JWX[ T[ 56 l;,[S8

SZL XSM V[8,[ S[ :,F.0 XM DFp; lS,S äFZF VYJF VD]S ;DIGF V\TZ[ VF5MVF5

VFU/ JW[P VF A[DF\YL UD[ T[ V[S VM%XG 5;\N SZMP

lllll :,F.0 XM ;TT R,FJJM CMI sV[8,[ S[ K[<,L :,F.0 5KL OZL 5FKL ;F{YL 5C[,L

:,F.0 N[BFIP HIF\ ;]WL Escape SL NAFJL GYLPf TM Slide Show D[G]DF\ H.G[ Set

up Show l;,[S8 SZL 'Loop Continuously Until Escape' VM%XG 5;\N SZMP

VCÄ VFBM 5|MU|FD 64.8 MB GM CTMP

Page 96: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

81 81 81 81 81

;M5FG v * o;M5FG v * o;M5FG v * o;M5FG v * o;M5FG v * o S:8D V[lGD[XGS:8D V[lGD[XGS:8D V[lGD[XGS:8D V[lGD[XGS:8D V[lGD[XG

lllll H[ :,F.0DF\ V[lGD[XG .O[S8 NFB, SZJL CMI T[ :S|LG 5Z ZFBMP

lllll H[ ,BF6 S[ J:T] sVF,[lBTMf G[ V[lGD[8 SZJ\] CMI T[GL AFH]G\] R[SAMS; 5;\N SZMP

V[8,[ S[ R[S 8] V[lGD[8 :,F.0 SZMP VYJF :,F.0 XM D[G] 5Z H. S:8D V[lGD[XG

5Z lS,S SZMP tIFZ AFN .O[S8 A8G lS,S SZMP lJlJW V[lGD[XG .O[S8DF\YL IMuI

.O[S8 5;\N SZL l5|jI] lGCF/M .O[S8 IMuI G ,FU[ TM AN,MP

lllll 5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ lR+MGL ZH}VFT DF8[ V[GLD[XGGM Box Out DM0GM p5IMU SZ[,M

CTM4 VG[ ,BF6 (Text) DF8[ appear effect JF5Z[,LP

;M5FG v ( o;M5FG v ( o;M5FG v ( o;M5FG v ( o;M5FG v ( o Z[SM0" G[Z[XGZ[SM0" G[Z[XGZ[SM0" G[Z[XGZ[SM0" G[Z[XGZ[SM0" G[Z[XG

lllll TDFZF :,F.0 XM NZdIFG ZH} YTL lJUTMG\] SYGvJ6"G 5|[hg8[XGDF\ pD[ZL XSFI K[P

VF DF8[ Sd%I}8ZDF\ ;Fpg0 SF0" VG[ DF.S|MOMG CMJF HM.V[P :,F.0 XM D[G]GF Z[SM0"

G[Z[XGG[ lS,S SZMP VJFHGL GM\W6L VG[ DF.S 8[:8ÄU DF8[GL H~ZL 8[:8 R[S SZMP

:,F.0 XM RF,] SZL T[G[ VG]~5 TDFZ\] J6"G q G[Z[XG DF.S|MOMG äFZF GM\WTF HFVMP

lllll 5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ 5|IMHS[ SYGvJ6"GGM (Narration) p5IMU SIM" G CTMP VwIF5G

NZdIFG lX1FS 5MTFGF lJnFYL"VMG[ S1FF VG];FZ ;DH}TL VF5L XS[ T[ C[T]G[ wIFGDF\

ZFBL4 SYGvJ6"G SIÅ] G CT\]P

;M5FG v ) o;M5FG v ) o;M5FG v ) o;M5FG v ) o;M5FG v ) o ZLC;", 8F.lD\UZLC;", 8F.lD\UZLC;", 8F.lD\UZLC;", 8F.lD\UZLC;", 8F.lD\U

lllll :,F.0; DF8[ 8F.lD\U ;[8 SZJF :,F.0 XMGF\ ZLC;", 8F.lD\UG[ lS,S SZMP V[SvV[S

:,F.0G[ 5|[hg8 SZMP IMuI ;DI[ G[S:8 lS,S SZMP H[YL ALÒ :,F.0 5Z H. XSXMP

:,F.0 XM8"ZDF\ NZ[S :,F.0 DF8[GM ;DI GM\WFI[,M HM. XSFI K[P

lllll 5|:T]T VeIF; DFp; lS,S äFZF VFU/ JWTM CTMP H[G\] ;DU| lGI\+6 lX1FSGF CFYDF\

CT\]P VFYL ZLC;", 8F.lD\U ;J,TGM p5IMU SIM" G CTMP

0P0P0P0P0P TAÞM RMYM oTAÞM RMYM oTAÞM RMYM oTAÞM RMYM oTAÞM RMYM o :,F.0 XMGL 5|FYlDS VHDFIX:,F.0 XMGL 5|FYlDS VHDFIX:,F.0 XMGL 5|FYlDS VHDFIX:,F.0 XMGL 5|FYlDS VHDFIX:,F.0 XMGL 5|FYlDS VHDFIX

SM.56 5|[hg8[XG :,F.0vXM T{IFZ SIF" AFN T[GM X{1Fl6S ZLT[ p5IMU SZTF 5C[,F\ T[GL

5|FYlDS VHDFIX SZL ,[JL HM.V[P H[GF VFWFZ[ H~ZL GFGF DM8F O[ZOFZM SZL XSFIP 5|FYlDS

VHDFIXDF\ TH7M T[DH lX1FSMGF VlE5|FIM VG[ lJnFYL"VMGF 5|lTRFZM D[/JJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

Page 97: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

82 82 82 82 82

!P!P!P!P!P TH7MGF VlE5|FIMPTH7MGF VlE5|FIMPTH7MGF VlE5|FIMPTH7MGF VlE5|FIMPTH7MGF VlE5|FIMP 5|[hg8[XG ;MO8J[ZGF TH7MGF VlE5|FIM ,[JF HM.V[P BF;

SZLG[ :,F.0 OMD["84 OMg8;4 VMaH[S84 :,F.0GF S,Z4 l0hF.G4 V[lGD[XG4 :,F.0

8=FlghXG4 ;Fpg0 JU[Z[GL IMuITFGF ;\A\WDF\ VlE5|FIM D[/JJF HM.V[P T[GF VFWFZ[

IMuI O[ZOFZM SZL XSFIP

ZPZPZPZPZP lX1FSMGF VlE5|FIMPlX1FSMGF VlE5|FIMPlX1FSMGF VlE5|FIMPlX1FSMGF VlE5|FIMPlX1FSMGF VlE5|FIMP :,F.0 XM H[ lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ T{IFZ SZ[,M CMI T[ lJQFIG\]

VwIF5G SZFJTF\ lX1FSMGF 56 lJQFIJ:T]G\] 5'YÞZ64 S|lDS ZH}VFT VG[ lJQFIJ:T]GF

VFJZ6 ;\A\lWT VlE5|FIM ,[JF HM.V[P p5IMUDF\ ,LW[,F VF,[lBTMGL 5;\NULGL

IMuITF V\U[ 56 DFlCTL D[/JL XSFIP VF p5ZF\T lJQFIJ:T]GL IYFY"TFGL RSF;6L

B}A DCÀJGL K[P

#P#P#P#P#P 5}J[ "1F6P5}J[ "1F6P5}J[ "1F6P5}J[ "1F6P5}J[ "1F6P lJnFYL"VM 5Z 5}J["1F6 SZJ\] HM.V[P T[GF 5|lTRFZM BF; SZLG[ lJQFIJ:T]

;DHJFGL ;Z/TF4 VwIIGGL V[SFU|TF4 lJQFIJ:T]GF ,BF6GL DF+F4 V1FZMG\] SN4

Z\U4 X{,L T[DH VF,[lBTMGL ZH}VFT V\U[ lJnFYL"VMGF 5|lTRFZM D[/JJF HM.V[P

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ 5|[hg8[XG lGDF"6 NZdIFG VG[ SFI"S|D T{IFZ Y. UIF 5KL 5|IMHS[

zL WD["XEF. N]WF+F sZlJ .gOM8[S4 ZFHSM8f4 Sd%I}8Z ;FIg; EJGGF 5|FwIF5S S\]EFZ6F ;FC[A

T[DH lH<,F lX1F6 VG[ TF,LD EJGvHFDGUZGF lCDF\X]EF. 58[,GF TH7LI VlE5|FIM

D[/jIF CTFP CAI V\U[GF D}<IF\SG DF8[ V\AF;6F sZ__5f ZlRT Computer Aided Instruction

Package DF8[GF Evalution Tool GM p5IMU SZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP H[GL GS, 5lZlXQ8v$DF\

;FD[, K[P

:8MZL AM0"GF lGDF"6 NZdIFG lJQFIJ:T] 5'YÞZ6 VG[ S|lDS ZH}VFTGF ;\NE"DF\ 5|IMHS[

zL ,]6FUZLIF ;FC[A4 zL lJHIEF. 3F8,LIF4 zL AL5LGLEF. ;FJ,LIF4 zL ;\HIEF. HFGL VG[

zL lCT[QFEF. ;M,\SLGL ;[JFVM ,LWL CTLP

;FZ6L $PZ;FZ6L $PZ;FZ6L $PZ;FZ6L $PZ;FZ6L $PZ

CAI SFI"S|D DF8[GF THŸ7MGL IFNL SFI"S|D DF8[GF THŸ7MGL IFNL SFI"S|D DF8[GF THŸ7MGL IFNL SFI"S|D DF8[GF THŸ7MGL IFNL SFI"S|D DF8[GF THŸ7MGL IFNL

S |DS |DS |DS |DS |D THŸ7G\] GFDTHŸ7G\] GFDTHŸ7G\] GFDTHŸ7G\] GFDTHŸ7G\] GFD CM¡M VG[ ;\:YFG\] GFDCM¡M VG[ ;\:YFG\] GFDCM¡M VG[ ;\:YFG\] GFDCM¡M VG[ ;\:YFG\] GFDCM¡M VG[ ;\:YFG\] GFD

! 0F¶P ;LPS[P S\]EFZ6F C[04 V[DP;LPV[P EJG4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8

Z zL lCDF\X] 58[, l;lGIZ ,[SRZZ4 lH<,F lX1F6 VG[ TF,LD EJG4 HFDGUZ

# zL WD["X N]WF+F ZlJ .gOM8[S4 Sd%I}8Z O[S<8L4 ZFHSM8

Page 98: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

83 83 83 83 83

;FZ6L $PZG\] VJ,MSG SZTF\ H6FI]\ K[ S[4 V[S TH7 V[DP;LPV[P EJGGF C[04 V[S TH7

l;lGIZ ,[SRZZ VG[ V[S TH7 Sd%I}8Z O[S<8LGF HF6SFZGL 5;\NUL CAI SFI"S|D DF8[GF TH7MDF\

;DFJ[X YI[, CTMP

.P.P.P.P.P TAÞM 5F\RDM oTAÞM 5F\RDM oTAÞM 5F\RDM oTAÞM 5F\RDM oTAÞM 5F\RDM o :,F.0 v XMG\] VFBZL :J~5:,F.0 v XMG\] VFBZL :J~5:,F.0 v XMG\] VFBZL :J~5:,F.0 v XMG\] VFBZL :J~5:,F.0 v XMG\] VFBZL :J~5

Sd%I}8Z ;MOŸ8J[ZGF lGDF"6GF TH7M VG[ lX1FSMGF VlE5|FIM äFZF 5|F%T DFlCTLG[ VFWFZ[

H~ZL O[ZOFZM SZJF HM.V[P VF DF8[ H~Z 50[ TM :,F.0GL ;\bIF JWFZJL S[ 38F0JL 56 50[P 8}\SDF\

:,F.0vXMG\] V[l08ÄU SIF" AFN VFBZL :J~5 T{IFZ SZL ;[J SZL ,[J\] HM.V[P

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF c5|F6L5[XLVMc4 cJG:5lT

JUL"SZ6c VG[ c5|F6LJUL"SZ6c V[SDMGF VwIF5G DF8[GM Z$) :,F.0GM 5FJZ 5M.g8 5|[hg8[XG

;MOŸ8J[Z T{IFZ SZJFDF\ VFjIMP T[GL CD ROM T{IFZ SZJFDF\ VFJL H[DF\ H~ZL U]HZFTL OMg8; 56

pD[Z[,FP

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF c5|F6L5[XLVMc4 cJG:5lT

JUL"SZ6c VG[ c5|F6LJUL"SZ6c V[SDMGF VwIF5GGF V\T[ lJnFYL"VM :JvVwIIG SZL XS[ T[ C[T]YL

5|IMHS[ :JFwIFI5MYL T{IFZ SZL CTLP H[ 5lZlXQ8v5 DF\ ;FD[, K[P

:,F.0vXMGM C[T] XM K[ m T[ DF8[ SIF\ SIF\ ;FWGMGL H~Z 50[ m T[GM VwIF5GDF\ XL ZLT[

p5IMU SZL XSFI m JU[Z[ H[JL AFATMGM ;DFJ[X SZL I]hZ D[gI]V, 56 T{IFZ SZJ\] HM.V[P

5|IMHS[ p5IMUSTF"VM DF8[ VwIF5G DFU"NlX"SF 56 T{IFZ SZL CTLP VwIF5G DFU"NlX"SF

5lZlXQ8v&DF\ ;FD[, K[P c5|F6L5[XLVMc4 cJG:5lT JUL"SZ6c VG[ c5|F6LJUL"SZ6cGL CD ROM

5lZlXQ8v!DF\ ;FD[, K[P

$P#$P#$P#$P#$P# JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGFJS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGFJS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGFJS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGFJS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ 5|IMHS[ WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF +6 V[SDM 5;\N SIF"

CTFP VF V[SDM 5Z 5|IMHS[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF SZL CTLP JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF DF8[

5|IMHS VCÄ NXF"J[, ;M5FGMG[ VG];IF" CTFP

;M5FGv! JS"SF0" ;FlCtIG\] VFIMHG

;M5FGvZ V[SDMGM UCG VeIF;

;M5FGv# 5[8F V[SDMG\] ,[BG VG[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGF 5|FYlDS :J~5GL ;\ZRGF

;M5FGv$ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGF 5|FYlDS :J~5GL ;DL1FF VG[ läTLI :J~5GL ;\ZRGF

;M5FGv5 JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGF läTLI :J~5G\] 5}J["1F6 VG[ V\lTD :J~5GL ;\ZRGF

Page 99: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

84 84 84 84 84

;M5FGv!;M5FGv!;M5FGv!;M5FGv!;M5FGv! JS"SF0" ;FlCtIG\] VFIMHGP JS"SF0" ;FlCtIG\] VFIMHGP JS"SF0" ;FlCtIG\] VFIMHGP JS"SF0" ;FlCtIG\] VFIMHGP JS"SF0" ;FlCtIG\] VFIMHGP 5|IMHS[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGF VFIMHGDF\ A[ AFATM

wIFGDF\ ZFBL CTL s!f V[SD 5;\NUL VG[ sZf V[SDGF lJQFIJ:T]G\] lJ`,[QF6P VF A\G[ AFATM

JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGF VFIMHGDF\ DCÀJGL K[P V[SDGL 5;\NUL DF8[ 5|IMHS[ WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[

8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF +6 V[SDM 5;\N SIF" CTFP 5|IMHS VF V[SDMG\] H~ZL 7FG WZFJTF CTF T[DH

VF +6[I V[SDM Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D VG[ H}Y VwIF5G DF8[ 56 VG]S}/ CTFP DF8[

Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5GGL ZRGF SZL XSFI T[JF V[SDMGL

5|IMHS[ 5;\NUL SZL CTLP VFD 5|IMHS[ +6[I V[SDM 5;\N SZLG[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ZRGF SZL CTLP

5|IMHS[ V[SDGF lJQFIJ:T]GF lJ`,[QF6 DF8[ 5;\N SZ[, V[SDG\] 5'YÞZ6 SZL T[G[ 5[8F V[SDMDF\

lJEFlHT SZ[, CTFP VF 5[8F V[SDMDF\ 5;\lNT +6 V[SDMGF Z# JS"SF0" CTFP H[DF\ lJQFIJ:T]G\]

5'YÞZ6 SZLG[ JS"SF0"G\] ;FlCtI T{IFZ SIÅ] CT\]P

;M5FGvZ;M5FGvZ;M5FGvZ;M5FGvZ;M5FGvZ V[SDGM UCG VeIF;P V[SDGM UCG VeIF;P V[SDGM UCG VeIF;P V[SDGM UCG VeIF;P V[SDGM UCG VeIF;P 5|IMHS[ lJnFYL"GL S1FFG[ VG]~5 lJQFIJ:T]GL ;Z/

ZH}VFT SZJF DF8[ V[SDGM UCG VeIF; SZJM H~ZL CTMP VF VeIF; DF8[ ;\XMWS[ A[ AFATM

wIFGDF\ ZFBL CTL o s!f JFRG VG[ sZf VwIF5G SFI"P

!P!P!P!P!P JFRGP JFRGP JFRGP JFRGP JFRGP 5;\lNT V[SDGF lJQFIJ:T]GL HF6SFZL D[/JJF4 JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF

SZJF T[DH ;DU| VeIF;G[ wIFGDF\ ZFBLG[ 5|IMHS[ 5]:TSMG\] T[DH 5}J[" YI[,F ;\XMWGMG\]

JFRG SIÅ] CT\]P H[ GLR[ D]HA K[P

VPVPVPVPVP 5]:TSMG\ ] JFRGP 5]:TSMG\ ] JFRGP 5]:TSMG\ ] JFRGP 5]:TSMG\ ] JFRGP 5]:TSMG\ ] JFRGP 5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF

5;\lNT V[SDM DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ZRGF SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP JS"SF0" ;FlCtI V[

:JvVwIIGGL V[S 5|I]lST CM. :JvVwIIG ;FlCtIG[ ,UTF T[DH lJQFIJ:T]G[

,UTF GLR[ D]HAGF 5]:TSMGM 5|IMHS[ VeIF; SIM" CTMP

v WMZ6 GJG\] lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHG\] 5F9I5]:TS sU]HZFT ZFHI 5F9I5]:TS

D\0/4 UF\WLGUZ

v X{1Fl6S 8[SGM,lH4 ,[BS o 0F¶P U]6J\T XFC4 ALPV[;P XFC 5|SFXG4 VDNFJFN

v VwIF5G DGMlJ7FG4 ,[BS o 0F¶P V[GPV[;P NM\UF4 lGlßHG ;FISM ;[g8Z4 ZFHSM8

v X{1Fl6S 5|F{nMlUSL4 ,[BS o NLl5SF XFC4 I]lGJl;"8L U|\YlGDF"6 AM0"4 VDNFJFN

v Programmed Learning Education Technology, Author : K.L.

Kumar, New Age International (P) Limited, New Delhi.

Page 100: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

85 85 85 85 85

APAPAPAPAP 5}J[" YI[,F ;\XMWGMG\] JFRGP 5}J[" YI[,F ;\XMWGMG\] JFRGP 5}J[" YI[,F ;\XMWGMG\] JFRGP 5}J[" YI[,F ;\XMWGMG\] JFRGP 5}J[" YI[,F ;\XMWGMG\] JFRGP 5|:T]T ;\XMWG SFI"GL ~5Z[BF TYF JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL

;\ZRGF DF8[G\] DFU"NX"G D[/JJF DF8[ 5}J[" YI[,F ;\A\lWT ;\XMWGM 5{SL VF D]HAGF

;\XMWGMG\] 5|IMHS[ JFRG SZ[, CT\]P

l WMZ6 N;GF Ul6T lJQFIGF cVF\S0FXF:+c V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ :JvVwIIG 5|I]lST

TZLS[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL V;ZSFZSTF o .,FS]DFZL ;LP hF,F s!))*f4 V[DPV[0ŸP

V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

l GFDFGF\ D}/TÀJM lJQFIGF ccVFDGM\Wcc V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ JS"SF0" (WC) VG[

Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG (CAL) 5|I]lSTVMGL V;ZSFZSTF o 5F~, ;LP NJ[

sZ__5f4 5LV[RP0LP V5|SFlXT DCFXMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

l lR+ ;FDU|L4 UFG 5âlT VG[ JS"SF0"GL ;\:S'T lJQFIDF\ l;lâ VG[ ;\:S'T lJQFI

5ZtJ[GF J,6 5ZGL V;ZSFZSTF o l0d5, S[P ZF9M0 sZ__&f4 5LV[RP0LP

V5|SFlXT DCFXMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

ZPZPZPZPZP VwIF5G SFI"P VwIF5G SFI"P VwIF5G SFI"P VwIF5G SFI"P VwIF5G SFI"P V[SDGF lJQFIJ:T]DF\ 5|E]tJ D[/JJF DF8[ 5|IMHS[ DF;}D lJnF,IGF

WMZ6 GJDF\ VeIF; SZTF lJnFYL"VMG[ 5;\lNT V[SDMG\] VwIF5G SFI" SZFjI\] CT\]P T[G[

5lZ6FD[ 5|IMHSG[ V[SDMGF lJQFIJ:T]G[ ,UTL Sl9G AFATM H[ lJnFYL"VMG[ VJZMWS

,FUTL CTL T[ HF6JF D/L CTLP

;M5FGv#;M5FGv#;M5FGv#;M5FGv#;M5FGv# 5[8F V[SDMG\ ] ,[BG VG[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGF 5|FYlDS :J~5GL ;\ZRGFP5[8F V[SDMG\ ] ,[BG VG[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGF 5|FYlDS :J~5GL ;\ZRGFP5[8F V[SDMG\ ] ,[BG VG[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGF 5|FYlDS :J~5GL ;\ZRGFP5[8F V[SDMG\ ] ,[BG VG[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGF 5|FYlDS :J~5GL ;\ZRGFP5[8F V[SDMG\ ] ,[BG VG[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGF 5|FYlDS :J~5GL ;\ZRGFP

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ 5|IMHS[ WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF 5;\lNT V[SDM DF8[ JS"SF0"

;FlCtIG\] ,[BG SIÅ] CT\]P JS"SF0"G\] ,[BGSFI" SZTF\ 5C[,F 5|IMHS[ VFU/ NXF"jIF D]HA lJlJW ;\NE"

;FlCtIGM VeIF; SIM" CTMP JS"SF0" ;FlCtIG\] ,[BG SZTL JBT[ DFU"NX"SzLGL ;}RGFVM T[DH VF

5|SFZGL S[8,LS AFATM wIFGDF\ ZFBL CTLP

v D]bI V[SDG\] 5[8F V[SDMDF\ lJEFHG

v 5[8F V[SDMGL ;FTtI5}6" S|lDS UM9J6L

v NZ[S 5[8F V[SD DF8[ V,U JS"SF0"GL ZRGF

v lJQFIJ:T]GL ;Z/ EFQFFDF\ ZH}VFT

v lAGH~ZL lJQFIJ:T]G[ :YFG G VF5J\]

v lJQFIJ:T]DF\ ZC[,F D]bI D]¡FG[ AMS;DF\ D}SJF

v NZ[S JS"SF0"GF V\TDF\ :JvD}<IF\SGGF 5|`GM D}SJFP

v D}<IF\SGGF 5|`GM H[ T[ JS"SF0"GF lJQFIJ:T]DF\YL H VF5JFP

v :JvD}<IF\SGGF 5|`GMGF :J~5DF\ lJlJWTF ,FJJLP

Page 101: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

86 86 86 86 86

5|IMHS[ VF ZLT[ WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF 5;\lNT V[SDM DF8[ JS"SF0"

;FlCtIGL ZRGF SZL CTLP VF DF8[ ;DU| 5;\lNT V[SDMG[ Z# 5[8F V[SDMDF\ JC[\RLG[ T[ NZ[S DF8[

V,UvV,U JS"SF0" T{IFZ SZ[, CTF\P VF ZLT[ S], Z# JS"SF0" WZFJTF ;FlCtIGF 5|FYlDS :J~5GL

;\ZRGF SZ[,L CTLP

;M5FGv$;M5FGv$;M5FGv$;M5FGv$;M5FGv$ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGF 5|FYlDS :J~5GL ;DL1FF VG[ läTLI :J~5GL ;\ZRGFPJS"SF0" ;FlCtIGF 5|FYlDS :J~5GL ;DL1FF VG[ läTLI :J~5GL ;\ZRGFPJS"SF0" ;FlCtIGF 5|FYlDS :J~5GL ;DL1FF VG[ läTLI :J~5GL ;\ZRGFPJS"SF0" ;FlCtIGF 5|FYlDS :J~5GL ;DL1FF VG[ läTLI :J~5GL ;\ZRGFPJS"SF0" ;FlCtIGF 5|FYlDS :J~5GL ;DL1FF VG[ läTLI :J~5GL ;\ZRGFP

5|IMHS[ NZ[S 5[8F V[SD DF8[ V,UvV,U JS"SF0" T{IFZ YFI V[ ZLT[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGF 5|FYlDS

:J~5GL ;\ZRGF SZL CTLP T{IFZ YI[, JS"SF0" ;FlCtI lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF lGQ6F\TM VG[

5âlTXF:+GF TH7MG[ RSF;JF VF%IF\ CTF\P VF TH7MGL IFNL ;FZ6L $P# DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[P

;FZ6L $P#;FZ6L $P#;FZ6L $P#;FZ6L $P#;FZ6L $P#

JS"SF0" DF8[GF THŸ7MGL IFNLJS"SF0" DF8[GF THŸ7MGL IFNLJS"SF0" DF8[GF THŸ7MGL IFNLJS"SF0" DF8[GF THŸ7MGL IFNLJS"SF0" DF8[GF THŸ7MGL IFNL

S |DS |DS |DS |DS |D THŸ7G\] GFDTHŸ7G\] GFDTHŸ7G\] GFDTHŸ7G\] GFDTHŸ7G\] GFD CM¡M VG[ ;\:YFG\] GFDCM¡M VG[ ;\:YFG\] GFDCM¡M VG[ ;\:YFG\] GFDCM¡M VG[ ;\:YFG\] GFDCM¡M VG[ ;\:YFG\] GFD

! 0F¶P V[DPV[;P DMl,IF VFl;P 5|MO[;Z4 lX1F6XF:+ EJG4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8

Z 0F¶P ;\HIEF. HFGL 5|FwIF5S4 8LPV[GP ZFJ SM,[H sV[DPV[0ŸP lJEFUf4 ZFHSM8

# 0F¶P 5F~, ;LP NJ[ 5|FwIF5S4 H[PH[P S\]0l,IF 8LR;" SM,[H4 ZFHSM8

$ 0F¶P l0d5, S[P ZF9M0 lX1FSzL4 SM8S SgIF lJnF D\lNZ4 ZFHSM8

5 zL VlG, J[SlZIF 5|FwIF5S4 zL ;ZNFZ 58[, DlC,F ALPV[0ŸP SM,[H4 H[T5]Z

& zL DF,FA[G S\]0l,IF VFRFI"zL4 SM8S SgIF lJnF D\lNZ4 ZFHSM8

;FZ6L $P# G\] VJ,MSG SZTF\ H6FI K[ S[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtI K TH7MG[ RSF;JF VF%IF\ CTFP

T[DF\YL V[S lX1F6XF:+ EJGGF 5|MO[;Z4 +6 5|FwIF5SM4 V[S VFRFI" VG[ V[S lX1FS CTFP VF

TH7MV[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGF 5|FYlDS :J~5GL ;DL1FF SZ[, CTLP TH7MV[ VF5[,F ;}RGM VF

5|DF6[ K[P

!P JS"SF0"GL X~VFTDF\ C[T]VM V5[l1F6 JT"Gv5lZJT"G :J~5[ NXF"JJFP

ZP 5|tI[S lJWFG GJL ,L8LDF\ NXF"JJ\]P

#P ;DH}TL DF8[GF pNFCZ6MGL ;\bIF JWFZJLP

$P EFQFF ;FNL4 ;Z/ VG[ 8}\SF JFSIM JF/L ZFBJLP

5P lX1FSGF lJS<5[ ,BF6 pD[ZJ\]P

&P DCÀJGF D]¡F4 jIFbIFG[ BFGFDF\ D}SJFP

*P VD]S JS"SF0"DF\ ZH}VFTGL X{,L SMQ8S :J~5[ SZJLP

(P 5|̀ GMGL ;}RGF :5Q8 CMJL HM.V[P

)P J{lJwI 5}6" 5|`GM ;FD[, SZJFP

!_P :JvD}<IF\SGGF 5|`GMGL ;\bIF JWFZJLP

Page 102: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

87 87 87 87 87

VF ZLT[ lJQFI lGQ6F\TM VG[ DFU"NX"SzL 5F;[YL D/[, ;}RGFG[ wIFGDF\ ,. JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGF

5|FYlDS :J~5DF\ H~ZL O[ZOFZM SZJFDF\ VFjIF CTF VG[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGF läTLI :J~5GL ;\ZRGF

SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP

;M5FGv5;M5FGv5;M5FGv5;M5FGv5;M5FGv5 JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGF läTLI :J~5G\] 5}J[ "1F6 VG[ V\lTD :J~5GL ;\ZRGFPJS"SF0" ;FlCtIGF läTLI :J~5G\] 5}J[ "1F6 VG[ V\lTD :J~5GL ;\ZRGFPJS"SF0" ;FlCtIGF läTLI :J~5G\] 5}J[ "1F6 VG[ V\lTD :J~5GL ;\ZRGFPJS"SF0" ;FlCtIGF läTLI :J~5G\] 5}J[ "1F6 VG[ V\lTD :J~5GL ;\ZRGFPJS"SF0" ;FlCtIGF läTLI :J~5G\] 5}J[ "1F6 VG[ V\lTD :J~5GL ;\ZRGFP

JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGF läTLI :J~5GL ZRGF SIF" AFN 5}J["1F6 DF8[ WMZ6 GJGF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVM

D/LG[ S], ;M/ lJnFYL"VMG[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtI äFZF VeIF; SZFJJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP T[GF VFWFZ[

lJnFYL"VMG[ JS"SF0" ;DHJFDF\ S. D]xS[,LVM 50[ VG[ SIM V[SD ;DHJFDF\ Sl9G ,FU[ K[ T[GL GM\W

,[JFDF\ VFJL CTLP J/L 5|`GMGF HJFA VgI p¿Z5+DF\ EZJF DF8[ HM.TF ;DIGL 56 GM\W ,[JFDF\

VFJLP

5}J["1F6 VG[ DFU"NX"SzLGF ;}RGMG[ wIFGDF\ ZFBL 5|IMHS äFZF JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGF V\lTD

:J~5GL ;\ZRGF SZJFDF\ VFJLP T[DF\ S], Z# JS"SF0"GM ;DFJ[X SZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP T{IFZ YI[,

JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGM VeIF; SZTL JBT[ wIFGDF\ ZFBJFGL AFATM NXF"JT\] V[S V,U SF0" T{IFZ SZJFDF\

VFjI\] CT\]P 5|YD VF SF0" äFZF ;DH}TL VF5L S|DXo JS"SF0" VF5JFG\] VFIMHG SZ[, CT\]P

JS"SF0" ;FlCtIG\] :J~5 VG[ 5lZRIP JS"SF0" ;FlCtIG\] :J~5 VG[ 5lZRIP JS"SF0" ;FlCtIG\] :J~5 VG[ 5lZRIP JS"SF0" ;FlCtIG\] :J~5 VG[ 5lZRIP JS"SF0" ;FlCtIG\] :J~5 VG[ 5lZRIP 5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ 5|IMHS[ WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF +6 V[SDM 5Z JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF SZL CTLP H[DF\ 5|IMHS[ S], Z#

JS"SF0" ZrIF\ CTF\P VF JS"SF0"GM GD}GM VF 5|DF6[ CTMP

JS"SF0" S|D vJS"SF0" S|D vJS"SF0" S|D vJS"SF0" S|D vJS"SF0" S|D vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvWMZ6 oWMZ6 oWMZ6 oWMZ6 oWMZ6 o lJQFI olJQFI olJQFI olJQFI olJQFI ovvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv V[SD oV[SD oV[SD oV[SD oV[SD ovvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv

JS"SF0"GM GD}GMJS"SF0"GM GD}GMJS"SF0"GM GD}GMJS"SF0"GM GD}GMJS"SF0"GM GD}GM

;\A\lWT 5[8F V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ VwIIGGL GL5H ~5[ X{1Fl6S C[T]VMP

5[8F V[SDGF D]¡FVMGF lJQFIJ:T]GL ZH}VFT

v

v

v

5[8F V[SDGF lJQFIJ:T]G[ VG]~5 5|`GM

Page 103: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

88 88 88 88 88

JS"SF0"DF\ DYF/[ ;FDFgI DFlCTL VF5L CTLP H[DF\ JS"SF0" S|D4 WMZ64 lJQFI4 V[SD H[JL AFATM

CTLP tIFZ 5KLGF lJEFUDF\ ;\A\lWT 5[8F V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ VwIIG GL5H ~5[ X{1Fl6S C[T]VM

VF5[,F CTFP +LHF lJEFUDF\ H[ T[ 5[8F V[SDGF D]¡FVMGF lJQFIJ:T]GL pNFCZ6 ;FY[ ;Z/ ZH}VFT

SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP V\lTD lJEFUDF\ 5[8F V[SDGF lJQFIJ:T]G[ VG]~5 :JvD}<IF\SG DF8[GF 5|`GM

VF5JFDF\ VFjIF CTFP H[GF p¿ZM lJnFYL"VMV[ V,U p¿Z5+DF\ GM\WJFGF CTFP

5|:T]T VeIF; DF8[ ZRFI[, JS"SF0" ;FlCtI 5lZlXQ8vZ DF\ NXF"J[, K[P

JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGF p5IMU V\U[ DFU"NX"S ;}RGMP JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGF p5IMU V\U[ DFU"NX"S ;}RGMP JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGF p5IMU V\U[ DFU"NX"S ;}RGMP JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGF p5IMU V\U[ DFU"NX"S ;}RGMP JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGF p5IMU V\U[ DFU"NX"S ;}RGMP 5|:T]T VeIF;G[ V\T[ T{IFZ YI[,

JS"SF0" ;FlCtI lJnFYL"4 lX1FS VG[ VFRFI"G[ p5IMUL K[P

l WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF 5;\lNT V[SDM DF8[ HIFZ[ lX1FS S[ VFRFI" JS"SF0"

;FlCtI äFZF VwIF5G SZFJJF DF\UTF CMI tIFZ[ VF JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGM p5IMU S[JL ZLT[ SZJM

T[ V\U[GF H~ZL DFU"NX"S ;}RGM VCÄ VF5JFDF\ VFjIF\ K[P

l JS"SF0" ;FlCtI V[ :JvVwIIGGL V[S 5âlT K[P H[DF\ lJnFYL" 5MTFGL D[/[4 lX1FSGL DNN

JUZ4 :Jh05[ VG[ :J5|ItG[ VwIIG SZ[ K[P

l JS"SF0" ;FlCtI äFZF VeIF; X~ SZFJTF\ 5C[,F\ lJnFYL"VMG[ ;}RGFVMG\] SF0" VF5J\] VG[ T[GM

wIFG5}J"S VeIF; SZJF H6FJJ\]P

l 5|tI[S TF;DF\ lJnFYL"G[ V[S JS"SF0" VF5J\]P

l 5|tI[S JS"SF0"GF\ V\lTD EFUDF\ 5|`GM D}SJFDF\ VFjIF\ K[P VCÄ lJnFYL"VMV[ AFAT BF;

wIFGDF\ ZFB[ S[ VF 5|`GM T[VMGL S;M8L GYL 5Z\T] JS"SF0"DF\ ZH} SZ[, lJUT T[VM ;DßIF K[

S[ GCÄ T[GL RSF;6L DF8[ K[P

l JS"SF0"GF V\T[ :JvD}<IF\SGGF 5|`GMGF HJFA VF5JFGF K[P HJFA ;FRM K[ S[ BM8M T[ lJnFYL"

JS"SF0" 5ZYL VYJF lX1FSG[ 5}KL HF6L XS[ K[P

l lJnFYL"G[ SM. D]¡FGM HJFA VF5JFDF\ D]xS[,L H6FI TM OZLJFZ XF\lTYL T[GM VeIF; SZJM

VG[ H~Z H6FI TM lX1FSGL DNN ,. XSFIP

l lX1FS[ NZ[S TF;DF\ VwIIG DF8[ VF5[, JS"SF0" ;FlCtI TF;G[ V\T[ 5ZT ,. ,[J\] HM.V[P

ALH[ lNJ;[ TF;GL X~VFTDF\ OZL VwIIG DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtI VF5J\] VG[ TF;G[ V\T[ 5ZT

D[/JL ,[J\]P

Page 104: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

89 89 89 89 89

l JS"SF0" ;FlCtI äFZF VwIIG SZTF\ lJnFYL"VMG[ VwIIG NZlDIFG H~Z H6FI tIF\ lX1FS[

DFU"NX"G VF5J\]P

VFD4 lJnFYL"VM :JvVwIIG DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGM p5IMU SZL XS[ K[P

$P$$P$$P$$P$$P$ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlT DF8[G\ ] VFIMHGH}Y VwIF5G 5âlT DF8[G\ ] VFIMHGH}Y VwIF5G 5âlT DF8[G\ ] VFIMHGH}Y VwIF5G 5âlT DF8[G\ ] VFIMHGH}Y VwIF5G 5âlT DF8[G\ ] VFIMHG

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ 5|IMHS[ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlTG[ 56 :YFG VF5[, K[P H}Y VwIF5G 5âlT

äFZF +6 ZLT[ 5|IMUM CFY SZL XSFI K[P

!P lX1FSv5|lX1F6 SF{X<I S[lgãT VFIMHG

ZP lJQFIJ:T] S[lgãT VFIMHG

#P lJQFIJ:T] VG[ 5|lX1F6 SF{X<I S[lgãT VFIMHG

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ 5|IMHS[ lJQFIJ:T] S[lgãT VFIMHG SZL lJQFIJ:T]G\] lJEFHG SZ[, CT\]P

H[DF\ 8LDGF AWF H ;eIM ;DFG S1FFV[ lJQFIJ:T]GF lGQ6F\T TZLS[ SFI" SZL H}YDF\ GÞL SZ[,F

VFIMHG D]HA lX1F6 SFI" CFY WZ[, CT\]P VCÄ 8LD 8LlR\UG\] ;\RF,G ;Dz[l6S ;\U9GDF\ SZ[,\]

CT\]P

;Dz[l6S ;\U9G! DF\ +6 S[ 5F\R lX1FSMGL 8LD AG[ VG[ 5MTFGF lJQFIG\] SFD JC[\RL ,[P VCÄ

lJQFIJ:T]G\] lJEFHG YFI K[ VG[ 5|tI[S D]¡FG[ gIFI VF5GFZ ;DFG S1FFGL lJQFIJ:T] ;D'â jIlSTVM

8LDDF\ CMI K[P 8LDDF\ ZC[,\] RMÞ; AFATMG[ ,UT\] ;DFG56\] VCÄ 5|D]B TÀJ K[P VF 5|SFZGF

;\RF,GG[ ;Dz[l6S SC[JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

! 58[,4 NJ[4 HMQFL4 XFC4 l,lBIF4 X{1Fl6S 8[SGM,lHX{1Fl6S 8[SGM,lHX{1Fl6S 8[SGM,lHX{1Fl6S 8[SGM,lHX{1Fl6S 8[SGM,lHP ALPV[;P XFC 5|SFXG4 VDNFJFNP

o o olX1FS

lX1FSlX1FS

8LD 8LlR\U

o olX1FS lX1FS

Page 105: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

90 90 90 90 90

8LD 8LlR\UDF\ H[ lX1FS lD+MGM 8LDGF ;eIM TZLS[ ;DFJ[X SZ[, CTM T[ ;eIMGL IFNL VF

D]HA K[P

S |DS |DS |DS |DS |D lX1FSzLG\ ] GFDlX1FSzLG\ ] GFDlX1FSzLG\ ] GFDlX1FSzLG\ ] GFDlX1FSzLG\ ] GFD CM¡M VG[ ;\:YFG\] GFDCM¡M VG[ ;\:YFG\] GFDCM¡M VG[ ;\:YFG\] GFDCM¡M VG[ ;\:YFG\] GFDCM¡M VG[ ;\:YFG\] GFD

! zL V[DPV[GP SFÒ lJ7FG lX1FS4 DF;}D lJnF,I4 ZFHSM8

Z zL ÒP ÒP SF,ZLIF lJ7FG lX1FS4 DF;}D lJnF,I4 ZFHSM8

# zL ALP V[,P ,]6FUZLIF lJ7FG lX1FS4 DF;}D lJnF,I4 ZFHSM8

$ zL D[C],EF. AF5MNZF lJ7FG lX1FS4 ;Z:JTL .g:8L8I]84 ZFHSM8

5 zL VlDTEF. 50;\]ALIF lJ7FG lX1FS4 ;Z:JTL .g:8L8I]84 ZFHSM8

;FZ6L $P$ 8LD 8LlR\UGF lX1FSMGL IFNL;FZ6L $P$ 8LD 8LlR\UGF lX1FSMGL IFNL;FZ6L $P$ 8LD 8LlR\UGF lX1FSMGL IFNL;FZ6L $P$ 8LD 8LlR\UGF lX1FSMGL IFNL;FZ6L $P$ 8LD 8LlR\UGF lX1FSMGL IFNL

8LD 8LlR\UG\] VFIMHG8LD 8LlR\UG\] VFIMHG8LD 8LlR\UG\] VFIMHG8LD 8LlR\UG\] VFIMHG8LD 8LlR\UG\] VFIMHG

XF/FGF 5|tI[S SFI"DF\ ;CSFZ VFJxIS CMI K[P VF DF8[ XF/FGF lX1FSM lD+MGL ;FY[ A[;LG[

lJQFIJ:T]GF ;\NE"DF\ 8LD 8LlR\U IMHJF DF8[ H~ZL RRF" SZL GLR[GL XZTMG[ wIFGDF\ ,LWL CTLP

H[GF VFWFZ[ 8LD 8LlR\U SFI"S|D CFY WZ[,M CTMP

XZTv! 5;\lNT lJQFIJ:T]G\] 5'YÞZ6

XZTvZ JU"DF\ 8LD 8LlR\U NZdIFGGL 5|J'l¿VM

XZTv# jIlSTUT VeIF; SFI"

XZTv$ 8LD 8LlR\U AFN VG]SFI"

XZTv5 ¹xIvzFjI ;FWGMGM p5IMU

XZTv!XZTv!XZTv!XZTv!XZTv! 5;\lNT lJQFIJ:T]G\ ] 5'YÞZ6P 5;\lNT lJQFIJ:T]G\ ] 5'YÞZ6P 5;\lNT lJQFIJ:T]G\ ] 5'YÞZ6P 5;\lNT lJQFIJ:T]G\ ] 5'YÞZ6P 5;\lNT lJQFIJ:T]G\ ] 5'YÞZ6P 5|IMHS[ lJQFIJ:T]DF\ ;DFlJQ8 AWL H

;\S<5GFVM4 5|lS|IFVM4 ;D]NFIM T[DH lJEFUMGL IFNL AGFJL CTLP H[GF VFWFZ[ VeIF;S|DGF

5|tI[S D]¡FGL X{1Fl6S H~lZIFT :5Q8 AGL CTLP

Page 106: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

91 91 91 91 91

;\S<5GFVM;\S<5GFVM;\S<5GFVM;\S<5GFVM;\S<5GFVM 5|lS|IFVM5|lS|IFVM5|lS|IFVM5|lS|IFVM5|lS|IFVM ;D]NFIM;D]NFIM;D]NFIM;D]NFIM;D]NFIM lJEFUMlJEFUMlJEFUMlJEFUMlJEFUM JU"v5|JU"JU"v5|JU"JU"v5|JU"JU"v5|JU"JU"v5|JU"

5[XL

;\IMHS 5[XL

:GFI]

R[TM5FUD

JUL"SZ6

,F.S[G

JUL"SZ6GL

5|lS|IF

GFDSZ6GL

5|lS|IF

5|F6L JUL"SZ6GL

5|lS|IF

;F.hMOFI8F

,L,

O}U

,F.S[G

5|ÒJ

SMQ9F\l+

5'Y]S'lD

;}+S'lD

G]5}ZS

;\lW5FN

D'N]SFI

X}/tJRL

D[Z]N\0L

VD[Z]N\0L

5|D[Z]N\0L

5'Q9J\XL

V5'Q9J\XL

V5]Q5L

;5]Q5L

V[SF\UL

låV\UL

l+V\UL

VGFJ'¿

ALHWFZL

VFJ'¿ ALHWFZL

5[ZFh]VF

I]D[8Fh]VF

läN/L

V[SN/L

R}QFD]BF

Dt:I

SFl:Y Dt:I

Vl:Y Dt:I

RT]Q5FN

éEIÒJL

;lZ;'5

lJCU

;:TG

XZTvZXZTvZXZTvZXZTvZXZTvZ JU"DF\ 8LD 8LlR\U NZdIFGGL 5|J'l¿VMP JU"DF\ 8LD 8LlR\U NZdIFGGL 5|J'l¿VMP JU"DF\ 8LD 8LlR\U NZdIFGGL 5|J'l¿VMP JU"DF\ 8LD 8LlR\U NZdIFGGL 5|J'l¿VMP JU"DF\ 8LD 8LlR\U NZdIFGGL 5|J'l¿VMP 5|IMHS[ lJQFIJ:T]G[ VG]~5 8LDGF

;eIMGL ;FY[ ZCLG[ GLR[GF H[JL 5|J'l¿VMGL IFNL AGFJL CTL VG[ JU"SFI" NZdIFG lJnFYL"VM 5F;[YL

V5[l1FT 5|J'l¿VM 56 SZFJ[, CTLP H[DF\4

5|J'l¿v! lJQFIJ:T]DF\ ;DFlJQ8 RF8"4 lR+MG\] lGNX"G

5|J'l¿vZ lJlJW 5[XLVMGF OM8MU|FO; ATFJJF

5|J'l¿v# lJlJW JG:5lTVMGF GD}GF ATFJJF

5|J'l¿v$ lJlJW 5|F6LVMGF GD}GF ATFJJF

5|J'l¿v5 lJlJW 5[XLVM4 JG:5lTVM VG[ 5|F6LVMGL lJnFYL"VM äFZF VM/B VG[ JUL"SZ6

SZJ\]

JU[Z[ H[JL 5|J'l¿VM CFY WZFI[, CTLP

;FZ6L $P5;FZ6L $P5;FZ6L $P5;FZ6L $P5;FZ6L $P5

lJQFIJ:T]DF\ ;DFlJQ8 ;\S<5GFVM4 5|lS|IFVM4 ;D]NFIM T[DH lJEFUMGL IFNLlJQFIJ:T]DF\ ;DFlJQ8 ;\S<5GFVM4 5|lS|IFVM4 ;D]NFIM T[DH lJEFUMGL IFNLlJQFIJ:T]DF\ ;DFlJQ8 ;\S<5GFVM4 5|lS|IFVM4 ;D]NFIM T[DH lJEFUMGL IFNLlJQFIJ:T]DF\ ;DFlJQ8 ;\S<5GFVM4 5|lS|IFVM4 ;D]NFIM T[DH lJEFUMGL IFNLlJQFIJ:T]DF\ ;DFlJQ8 ;\S<5GFVM4 5|lS|IFVM4 ;D]NFIM T[DH lJEFUMGL IFNL

Page 107: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

92 92 92 92 92

XZTv#XZTv#XZTv#XZTv#XZTv# jIlSTUT VeIF; SFI"P jIlSTUT VeIF; SFI"P jIlSTUT VeIF; SFI"P jIlSTUT VeIF; SFI"P jIlSTUT VeIF; SFI"P 5|IMHS[ VF XZTG[ wIFGDF\ ZFBLG[ JU"GF NZ[S lJnFYL"

TZO jIlSTUT wIFG VF5L XSFI T[ C[T]YL 8LDGF NZ[S ;eIMV[ S], 5RL; lJnFYL"VMG[ H}YDF\ JC[\RL

NLWF CTFP H[DF\ V[S H}YDF\ 5F\R lJnFYL"VMGM ;DFJ[X YTM CTMP NZ[S H}YGF lJnFYL"VMG[ JFZFOZTL

V,UvV,U 5|J'l¿VM VF5JFDF\ VFJL CTLP

8LDGF ;eIMV[ lJQFIJ:T]G[ wIFGDF\ ZFBL 5|J'l¿VMG\] VFIMHG SZL T[ D]HAG\] lX1F6 SFI"

CFY WZ[, CT\]P

XZTv$XZTv$XZTv$XZTv$XZTv$ 8LD 8LlR\U AFN VG]SFI"P 8LD 8LlR\U AFN VG]SFI"P 8LD 8LlR\U AFN VG]SFI"P 8LD 8LlR\U AFN VG]SFI"P 8LD 8LlR\U AFN VG]SFI"P 5|IMHS[ 8LD 8LlR\U AFN lJnFYL"VMV[ 5|F%T SZ[,

7FGGL RSF;6L DF8[ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8LGM p5IMU SIM" CTMP VF

ZLT[ 8LD 8LlR\UGF SFI"G\] D}<IF\SG YI\] CT\]P

XZTv5XZTv5XZTv5XZTv5XZTv5 ¹xIvzFjI ;FWGMGM p5IMUP ¹xIvzFjI ;FWGMGM p5IMUP ¹xIvzFjI ;FWGMGM p5IMUP ¹xIvzFjI ;FWGMGM p5IMUP ¹xIvzFjI ;FWGMGM p5IMUP 5|IMHS[ 8LD 8LlR\U NZdIFG GLR[GF H[JF

¹xIvzFjI ;FWGMGM p5IMU SIM" CTMP H[DF\4 DF.S|M:SM54 5[XLVMGL :,F.0;4 5[XLVMGF OM8MU|FO;4

JG:5lTGF OM8MU|FO;4 JUL"SZ6GF RF8"; JU[Z[ H[JF ;FWGMGM p5IMU YIM CTMP 5|:T]T VeIF;

DF8[ ZRFI[, H}Y VwIF5G ;FlCtI 5lZlXQ8v* DF\ NXF"J[, K[P

$P5$P5$P5$P5$P5 jIFbIFG 5âlT DF8[GF 5F9 VFIMHGMjIFbIFG 5âlT DF8[GF 5F9 VFIMHGMjIFbIFG 5âlT DF8[GF 5F9 VFIMHGMjIFbIFG 5âlT DF8[GF 5F9 VFIMHGMjIFbIFG 5âlT DF8[GF 5F9 VFIMHGM

5|:T]T ;\XMWGDF\ 5|IMHS[ 5MTFGF ;\XMWG NZlDIFG RFZ VwIIGvVwIF5G 5âlTGM p5IMU

SIM" CTMP T[ 5{SL V[S jIFbIFG 5âlT CTLP 5|IMUGF VD, NZlDIFG jIFbIFG 5âlTYL VwIF5G

SFI" SZFJJF DF8[ ALHF lX1FSMGL DNN ,[JFGL CTLP 5|IMU VG[ 5|IMUGF 5]GZFJT"GDF\ V[S H ;ZBL

ZLT[ VwIF5G YFI T[ 56 H~ZL CMJFYL 5F9 VFIMHG VlGJFI" CTFP

$P5P!$P5P!$P5P!$P5P!$P5P! 5F9 VFIMHGGF 38SMP 5F9 VFIMHGGF 38SMP 5F9 VFIMHGGF 38SMP 5F9 VFIMHGGF 38SMP 5F9 VFIMHGGF 38SMP 5F9 VFIMHG SZTL JBT[ 5|IMHS[ GLR[GL AFATM wIFGDF\

,LWL CTLP

!P VwIF5G SFI" 5}J["G\] VFIMHG

ZP VwIF5G SFI" NZlDIFGG\] VFIMHG

#P VwIF5G SFI" AFNG\] VFIMHG

VF +6[I TAÞFVMDF\ RMÞ; lS|IFVM SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP

Page 108: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

93 93 93 93 93

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

VwIF5G SFI" 5}J[ "G\ ] VFIMHGVwIF5G SFI" 5}J[ "G\ ] VFIMHGVwIF5G SFI" 5}J[ "G\ ] VFIMHGVwIF5G SFI" 5}J[ "G\ ] VFIMHGVwIF5G SFI" 5}J[ "G\ ] VFIMHG

V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ C[T]VM lGWF"lZT SZJFP

DFlCTL4 :JFwIFI4 X{1Fl6S 5|J'l¿VM T[DH D}<IF\SG V\U[GF DF/BFGL ZRGF SZJLP

VwIF5G SFI" 5}J[" H~ZL V[JF X{1Fl6S ;FWGMGL IFNL AGFJL V[S+ SZJFP

VwIF5G SFI" NZlDIFGG\] VFIMHGVwIF5G SFI" NZlDIFGG\] VFIMHGVwIF5G SFI" NZlDIFGG\] VFIMHGVwIF5G SFI" NZlDIFGG\] VFIMHGVwIF5G SFI" NZlDIFGG\] VFIMHG

VwI[TFGL 5F`J"E}lDSFDF\ ZC[,F ;\A\lWT 7FG VG[ VG]EJG[ p¿[HG VF5J\]P

lJQFIJ:T]GL S|lDS ZH}VFT SZJLP

VF5[,F 7FG V\U[GL RSF;6L SZL H~ZL 5|lT5MQF6 5}ZF\ 5F0JF\P

lJnFYL"VMGF 5|lTRFZMG[ VG],1FLG[ 5F9 VFIMHGDF\ H~ZL O[ZOFZM SZJFP

VwIF5G SFI" AFNG\] VFIMHGVwIF5G SFI" AFNG\] VFIMHGVwIF5G SFI" AFNG\] VFIMHGVwIF5G SFI" AFNG\] VFIMHGVwIF5G SFI" AFNG\] VFIMHG

SZFJ[, VwIF5G SFI"GL RSF;6L SZL 5|lT5MQF6 5}ZF\ 5F0JFP

$P5PZ$P5PZ$P5PZ$P5PZ$P5PZ 5F9 VFIMHGG\] ;FDFgI :J~5P 5F9 VFIMHGG\] ;FDFgI :J~5P 5F9 VFIMHGG\] ;FDFgI :J~5P 5F9 VFIMHGG\] ;FDFgI :J~5P 5F9 VFIMHGG\] ;FDFgI :J~5P 5F9 VFIMHGDF\ 38SMG[ wIFGDF\ ,. 5F9 VFIMHGG\]

DF/B\] T{IFZ SZJF\ VFjI\] CT\]P DF/B\] DFU"NX"SzL ;FY[ RRF" SIF" AFN T{IFZ SZ[,\] CT\]P H[ VF D]HAG\]

CT\]P

TF; S|D o

lJQFI o lJQFIF\U o

C[T]VM o

lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿ o

lJnFYL"GL 5|J'lT o

VeIF; C[9/GF\ V[SDMGF 5F9 VFIMHGM 5lZlXQ8v( DF\ ;FD[, K[P

CJ[ 5KLGF 5|SZ6DF\ l;lâ S;M8LGL ;\ZRGF VG[ 5|DF6LSZ6GL lJUT[ ZH}VFT SZJFDF\ VFJL

K[P

Page 109: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

94 94 94 94 945|SZ6 v 55|SZ6 v 55|SZ6 v 55|SZ6 v 55|SZ6 v 5

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LGL ;\ZRGF VG[ 5|DF6LSZ6lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LGL ;\ZRGF VG[ 5|DF6LSZ6lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LGL ;\ZRGF VG[ 5|DF6LSZ6lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LGL ;\ZRGF VG[ 5|DF6LSZ6lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LGL ;\ZRGF VG[ 5|DF6LSZ6

5P_5P_5P_5P_5P_ 5|F:TFlJS5|F:TFlJS5|F:TFlJS5|F:TFlJS5|F:TFlJS

lX1F6GL ;DU| 5|lS|IFDF\ +6 V\UMGM ;DFJ[X YFI K[P H[DF\ s!f VFIMHG4 sZf 5|lS|IF VG[

s#f D}<IF\SGP T[DF\YL D}<IF\SG V[ B}A H VUtIG\] V\U K[P D}<IF\SG JUZ lX1F6SFI" XSI GYLP

XF/F S1FFV[ lX1FS lGlD"T S;M8L l;lâ S;M8L U6FIP HM lX1FS VF S;M8LDF\ 5|DF6LSZ6GF ;M5FGM

VG];Z[ TM T[ 5|DFl6T S;M8L T{IFZ YFI K[P 5|:T]T ;\XMWGDF\ 5|IMHS[ WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[

8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF 5;\lNT V[SDM DF8[GL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8LGL ZRGF SZL CTLP

5P!5P!5P!5P!5P! l;lâ S;M8L ;\ZRGFGF ;M5FGMl;lâ S;M8L ;\ZRGFGF ;M5FGMl;lâ S;M8L ;\ZRGFGF ;M5FGMl;lâ S;M8L ;\ZRGFGF ;M5FGMl;lâ S;M8L ;\ZRGFGF ;M5FGM

5|IMHS[ GLR[GF ;M5FGM S[gãDF\ ZFBLG[ 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8LGL ZRGF SZL CTLP

;M5FGv! S;M8L DF8[ 5}JF"eIF;

;M5FGvZ 5|FZ\lES S;M8LGL ZRGF

;M5FGv# THŸ7LI VlE5|FI

;M5FGv$ 5|FZ\lES S;M8LGL VHDFIX VG[ S,D 5'YÞZ6

;M5FGv5 S;M8LGF V\lTD :J~5GL ZRGF

;M5FGv& V\lTD S;M8LGL VHDFIX

;M5FGv* S;M8LGL TSŸlGSL AFATM sS;M8LG\] IYFYL"SZ6f

;M5FGv!;M5FGv!;M5FGv!;M5FGv!;M5FGv! S;M8L DF8[ 5}JF"eIF;P S;M8L DF8[ 5}JF"eIF;P S;M8L DF8[ 5}JF"eIF;P S;M8L DF8[ 5}JF"eIF;P S;M8L DF8[ 5}JF"eIF;P 5|IMHS[ WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF

5;\lNT V[SDM DF8[ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LGL ZRGF DF8[ C[T]VMGL ;DH D[/JL CTLP

T[DF\YL 7FG4 ;DH4 p5IMHG VG[ SF{X<IGF C[T]VMGF ;\NE"DF\ S;M8LGL ZRGF SZL CTL VG[ C[T]VMGF

JT"G 5lZJT"GGF ;\NE"DF\ JUL"SZ6 SIÅ] CT\]P

!P!P!P!P!P 7FG7FG7FG7FG7FG

!P! lJnFYL"VM lJQFIJ:T] ;\A\lWT VY" HF6[P

!PZ lJnFYL"VM jIFbIFVM IFN SZLG[ ,B[P

!P# lJnFYL"VM lJQFIJ:T]G[ VG]~5 pNFCZ6 HF6[P

Page 110: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

95 95 95 95 95

ZPZPZPZPZP ;DH;DH;DH;DH;DH

ZP! lJnFYL"VM lJUTG[ ;\A\lWT E[N 5FZB[P

ZPZ lJnFYL"VM lJQFIJ:T] lJUTG\] JUL"SZ6 SZ[P

ZP# lJnFYL"VM lJUTG[ ;\A\lWT T]],GF SZ[P

#P#P#P#P#P p5IMHGp5IMHGp5IMHGp5IMHGp5IMHG

#P! lJnFYL"VM D[/J[, 7FGGM p5IMU SZ[P

$P$P$P$P$P SF {X<ISF {X<ISF {X<ISF {X<ISF {X<I

$P! lJnFYL"VM lJQFIJ:T]G[ VG]~5 GD}GF VM/B[P

$PZ lJnFYL"VM lJQFIJ:T]G[ VG]~5 VFS'lT NMZ[P

;M5FGvZ;M5FGvZ;M5FGvZ;M5FGvZ;M5FGvZ 5|FZ\lES S;M8LGL ZRGFP 5|FZ\lES S;M8LGL ZRGFP 5|FZ\lES S;M8LGL ZRGFP 5|FZ\lES S;M8LGL ZRGFP 5|FZ\lES S;M8LGL ZRGFP WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF 5;\lNT

V[SDMGL lJQFIJ:T]G[ VFWFZ[ S;M8LGL S,DMGL ZRGF SZJFDF\ VFJLP C[T] VG[ lJQFIJ:T]GL a<I}

l5|g8 ;FZ6L 5P! DF\ NXF"J[, K[P

Page 111: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

9

6 9

6 9

6 9

6 9

6

C[T ] C [T ] C [T ] C [T ] C [T ] →→→→→ 7FG7FG7FG7FG7FG ;DH;DH;DH;DH;DH p5IMHGp5IMHGp5IMHGp5IMHGp5IMHG SF{X<ISF {X<ISF {X<ISF {X<ISF {X<I

! 5|F6L5[XLVM v v !! v !& v v v v _5 v v #Z

Z JG:5lT JUL"SZ6 v v _) v !Z v v v v v v v Z!

# 5|F6L JUL"SZ6 v v _( v !$ v v v v v v v ZZ

S], v v Z( v $Z v v v v _5 v v *5

E S O E S O E S O E S OlJQFIJ:T] q V[SDM lJQFIJ:T] q V[SDM lJQFIJ:T] q V[SDM lJQFIJ:T] q V[SDM lJQFIJ:T] q V[SDM ↓↓↓↓↓ S],S ],S ],S ],S ],S |DS |DS |DS |DS |D

;FZ6L 5P!;FZ6L 5P!;FZ6L 5P!;FZ6L 5P!;FZ6L 5P!5|FZ\lES lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,MlH l;lâ S;M8LGL a<I} l5|g85|FZ\lES lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,MlH l;lâ S;M8LGL a<I} l5|g85|FZ\lES lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,MlH l;lâ S;M8LGL a<I} l5|g85|FZ\lES lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,MlH l;lâ S;M8LGL a<I} l5|g85|FZ\lES lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,MlH l;lâ S;M8LGL a<I} l5|g8

Page 112: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

97 97 97 97 97

;FZ6L 5P! 5ZYL HF6L XSFI K[ S[4 5|FZ\lES S;M8LDF\ S], &# S,DM VG[ T[GF S], *5 U]6

CTFP V[SD V[S4 A[ VG[ V[SD +6DF\YL VG]S|D[ #Z4 Z! VG[ ZZ U]6GF 5|̀ G D}SJFDF\ VFjIF CTFP

C[T]VMGL ¹lQ8V[ HM.V[ TM 7FG4 ;DH VG[ SF{X<IGF VG]S|D[ Z(4 $Z VG[ _5 U]6GF 5|̀ GM CTFP

;M5FGv#;M5FGv#;M5FGv#;M5FGv#;M5FGv# THŸ7LI VlE5|FIP THŸ7LI VlE5|FIP THŸ7LI VlE5|FIP THŸ7LI VlE5|FIP THŸ7LI VlE5|FIP 5|FZ\lES lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LGL ZRGF SIF"

AFN THŸ7LI VlE5|FI VY[" H]NFvH]NF lGQ6F\TMG[ DMS,JFDF\ VFJLP VF lGQ6F\TMDF\YL RFZ lGQ6F\TMGL

~A~ D],FSFT ,. T[GL ;FY[ RRF" SZL CTLP VF lGQ6F\TMGL IFNL ;FZ6L 5PZDF\ ZH} SZJFDF\ VFJL K[P

;FZ6L 5PZ;FZ6L 5PZ;FZ6L 5PZ;FZ6L 5PZ;FZ6L 5PZ

THŸ7LI VlE5|FI DF8[ lGQ6F\TMGL IFNLTHŸ7LI VlE5|FI DF8[ lGQ6F\TMGL IFNLTHŸ7LI VlE5|FI DF8[ lGQ6F\TMGL IFNLTHŸ7LI VlE5|FI DF8[ lGQ6F\TMGL IFNLTHŸ7LI VlE5|FI DF8[ lGQ6F\TMGL IFNL

S |DS |DS |DS |DS |D THŸ7G\] GFDTHŸ7G\] GFDTHŸ7G\] GFDTHŸ7G\] GFDTHŸ7G\] GFD CM¡M VG[ ;\:YFG\] GFDCM¡M VG[ ;\:YFG\] GFDCM¡M VG[ ;\:YFG\] GFDCM¡M VG[ ;\:YFG\] GFDCM¡M VG[ ;\:YFG\] GFD

! 0F¶P AL5LG ;FJl,IF ;]5ZJF.hZ slJ7FG lX1FSf4 zL ;ZNFZ 58[, lJnF,I4

ZFHSM8

Z zL S[TG UMC[, 5|FwIF5S4 zL ;LPV[RP XFC D{+L lJnF5L94 DlC,F SM,[H

V[HI]S[XG DFGJ D\lNZ4 ;]Z[gãGUZ

# zL lCDF\X] 58[, l;lGIZ ,[SRZZ4 lH<,F lX1F6 VG[ TF,LD EJG4

HFDGUZ

$ zL HIzL HF\A];LIF 5|FwIF5S4 zL JLP 8LP RMS;L ALPV[0ŸP SM,[H4 ;]ZT

5 zL C[T, jIF; lJ7FG lXl1FSF4 ÒPV[DP 58[, U<;" CF.:S},4 W|M,

;FZ6L 5PZG\] VJ,MSG SZTF\ H6FI K[ S[ 5F\R lGQ6FTMDF\YL V[S XF/FGF ;]5ZJF.hZ slJ7FG

lX1FSzLf4 A[ ALPV[0ŸP SM,[HGF 5|FwIF5SM VG[ V[S lH<,F lX1F6 VG[ TF,LD EJGGF l;lGIZ

,[SRZZ VG[ V[S lJ7FG lX1FSGM ;DFJ[X YTM CTMP

THŸ7LI VlE5|FIG[ VFWFZ[ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LGF H]NFvH]NF 5|̀ GMGL S,DMDF\

SZJFDF\ VFJ[,F O[ZOFZ GLR[ 5|DF6[ K[P

5|`Gv! SF{\;DF\ VF5[,F XaNMDF\YL IMuI XaN 5;\N SZL BF,L HuIF 5}ZMP

VF 5|`GDF\ S], Z( S,DM CTLP T[DF\YL GLR[GL !_ S,DMG[ ZN SZJFDF\ VFJLP

S,D G\P $4 54 *4 )4 !_4 !Z4 !$4 !54 !* VG[ !)

5|`GvZ GLR[GF\ lJWFGM BZF\ K[ S[ BM8F\ T[ H6FJMP

VF 5|̀ GDF\ S], !_ S,DM CTLPT[DF\YL V[S S,D ZN SZJFDF\ VFJLP

S,D G\P &

Page 113: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

98 98 98 98 98

5|`Gv# GLR[GF NZ[S 5|̀ GMGF V[SvA[ JFSIDF\ HJFA ,BMP

VF 5|`GDF\ S], !Z S,DM CTLP T[DF\YL A[ S,DM ZN SZJFDF\ VFJLP

S,D G\P * VG[ )

5|`Gv$ GLR[ VF5[, lJEFUvV DF\GL JG:5lT VG[ 5|F6LVMG[ lJEFUvA DF\ VF5[, ;D]NFI

;FY[ IMuI ZLT[ HM0MP

VF 5|̀ GDF\ S], ( S,DM CTLP T[DF\YL V[S 56 S,D ZN SZJFDF\ VFJL G CTLP

5|`Gv5 GLR[ VF5[, R[TFSMQFGL VFS'lTDF\ GFDlGN["XG SZMP

VF 5|̀ GDF\ S], 5 S,DM CTLP T[DF\YL V[S56 S,D ZN SZJFDF\ VFJL G CTLP

VFD TH7LI VlE5|FIMGL DFU"NX"SzL ;FY[ RRF" SZLG[ 5|FZ\lES S;M8LG\] :J~5 T{IFZ SZJFDF\

VFjI\]P T[DF\ S], 5_ S,DM VG[ &_ U]6JF/L S;M8L ZRJFDF\ VFJLP

;M5FGv$;M5FGv$;M5FGv$;M5FGv$;M5FGv$ 5|FZ\lES S;M8LGL VHDFIX VG[ S,D 5'YÞZ6P 5|FZ\lES S;M8LGL VHDFIX VG[ S,D 5'YÞZ6P 5|FZ\lES S;M8LGL VHDFIX VG[ S,D 5'YÞZ6P 5|FZ\lES S;M8LGL VHDFIX VG[ S,D 5'YÞZ6P 5|FZ\lES S;M8LGL VHDFIX VG[ S,D 5'YÞZ6P 5|IMHS[ l;lâ S;M8LGL

ZRGF AFN ZFHSM8 XC[ZGL A[ XF/FVM V[S S]DFZ XF/F VG[ V[S SgIF XF/FGF !Z_ lJnFYL"VMG[

S;M8L VF5LP T[GL 5|FZ\lES VHDFIX SZLP 5|FZ\lES VHDFIXGF C[T]VM VF 5|DF6[ CTFP

!P S;M8LGL GA/L VYJF 1FlTI]ST lJUT XMWJLP

ZP VtI\T ;C[,L S[ VtI\T V3ZL lJUT XMWJLP

#P S;M8L 5|̀ GMG\] ;Z/TF D}<I GÞL SZJ\]P

$P S;M8L 5|`GMG\] TFZJ6L D}<I GÞL SZJ\]P

5P S;M8LGF DF/BFGL V;ZSFZSTF T5F;JLP

&P S;M8LGL ;DI DIF"NFGM SIF; SF-JMP

S;M8LGL 5|FZ\lES VHDFIX DF8[ p5,F H}Y VG[ GLR,F H}YGF #_v#_ 5F+M 5;\N SIF"P

VF DF8[ 5|tI[S S,D DF8[ p5,F H}Y VG[ GLR,F H}YDF\ ;FRF p¿Z VF5GFZGL ;\bIF D[/JJFDF\

VFJL VG[ T[GF VFWFZ[ D/[, ;Z/TF D}<I VG[ TFZJ6L D}<IGL lJUT ;FZ6L 5P# DF\ NXF"J[, K[P

Page 114: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

99 99 99 99 99

;FZ6L 5P#;FZ6L 5P#;FZ6L 5P#;FZ6L 5P#;FZ6L 5P#

S;M8L S,DMG\] ;Z/TF D}<I VG[ TFZJ6L D}<IS;M8L S,DMG\] ;Z/TF D}<I VG[ TFZJ6L D}<IS;M8L S,DMG\] ;Z/TF D}<I VG[ TFZJ6L D}<IS;M8L S,DMG\] ;Z/TF D}<I VG[ TFZJ6L D}<IS;M8L S,DMG\] ;Z/TF D}<I VG[ TFZJ6L D}<I

;FZ6L 5P# RF,]PPPPP

S,DS,DS,DS,DS,DG\AZG\AZG\AZG\AZG\AZ

p5,F H}YDF\ ;FRFp5,F H}YDF\ ;FRFp5,F H}YDF\ ;FRFp5,F H}YDF\ ;FRFp5,F H}YDF\ ;FRFp¿Z VF5GFZGLp¿Z VF5GFZGLp¿Z VF5GFZGLp¿Z VF5GFZGLp¿Z VF5GFZGL

;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF

GLR,F H}YDF\ ;FRFGLR,F H}YDF\ ;FRFGLR,F H}YDF\ ;FRFGLR,F H}YDF\ ;FRFGLR,F H}YDF\ ;FRFp¿Z VF5GFZGLp¿Z VF5GFZGLp¿Z VF5GFZGLp¿Z VF5GFZGLp¿Z VF5GFZGL

;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF

;Z/TF D}<I;Z/TF D}<I;Z/TF D}<I;Z/TF D}<I;Z/TF D}<I TFZJ6L D}<ITFZJ6L D}<ITFZJ6L D}<ITFZJ6L D}<ITFZJ6L D}<I

! Z5 !_ 5(P__ _P5_Z #_ !5 *5P__ _P5_

# Z( !5 *!P&& _P$#

$ #_ !$ *#P## _P5#

5 Z$ _) 55P__ _P5_

& Z$ !_ 5&P&& _P$&

* Z& _) 5(P## _P5&( Z( !# &(P## _P5_

) #_ !# *!P&& _P5&

!_ #_ !& *&P__ _P$&

!! Z) !5 *#P## _P$&

!Z Z( !( *&P__ _P##

!# Z) !$ *!P&& _P5_!$ #_ _) &5P_ _P*_

!5 #_ !_ &&P&& _P&&

!& #_ !! &(P## _P&#

!* Z) _& 5(P__ _P*&

!( Z( !& *#P## _P$_

!) #_ !! &(P## _P&#Z_ ZZ _& $&P&& _P5#

Z! #_ !5 *5P__ _P5_

ZZ Z) !5 *5P__ _P5_

Z# Z) !& *5P__ _P$#

Z$ #_ !$ *#P## _P5#

Z5 Z( !# &(P## _P5_Z& #_ !( (_P__ _P$_

Z* #_ !5 *5P__ _P5_

Z( #_ !5 *5P__ _P5_

Z) Z( !5 *!P&& _P$#

#_ #_ !# *!P&& _P5&

Page 115: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

100 100 100 100 100

S,DS,DS,DS,DS,DG\AZG\AZG\AZG\AZG\AZ

p5,F H}YDF\ ;FRFp5,F H}YDF\ ;FRFp5,F H}YDF\ ;FRFp5,F H}YDF\ ;FRFp5,F H}YDF\ ;FRFp¿Z VF5GFZGLp¿Z VF5GFZGLp¿Z VF5GFZGLp¿Z VF5GFZGLp¿Z VF5GFZGL

;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF

GLR,F H}YDF\ ;FRFGLR,F H}YDF\ ;FRFGLR,F H}YDF\ ;FRFGLR,F H}YDF\ ;FRFGLR,F H}YDF\ ;FRFp¿Z VF5GFZGLp¿Z VF5GFZGLp¿Z VF5GFZGLp¿Z VF5GFZGLp¿Z VF5GFZGL

;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF

;Z/TF D}<I;Z/TF D}<I;Z/TF D}<I;Z/TF D}<I;Z/TF D}<I TFZJ6L D}<ITFZJ6L D}<ITFZJ6L D}<ITFZJ6L D}<ITFZJ6L D}<I

#! #_ !$ *#P## _P5##Z Z) !& *5P__ _P$### #_ !# *!P&& _P5&#$ Z( !_ &#P## _P*_#5 #_ !* *(P__ _P$##& #_ !$ *#P## _P5##* Z) _& 5(P__ _P*&#( Z( !( *&P&& _P###) #_ !* *(P__ _P$#$_ #_ !! &(P## _P&#$! ZZ _* $(P## _P5&$Z Z) !& *5P__ _P$#$# Z) !# *_P__ _P5#$$ Z( !# &(P## _P5_$5 Z) !5 *#P## _P$&$& #_ !5 *5P__ _P5_$* #_ !5 *5P__ _P5_$( Z$ _) 55P__ _P5_$) Z$ _) 55P__ _P5_5_ #_ !$ *#P## _P5#

;FZ6L 5P# RF,]PPPPP

S,DMGL 5;\NUL DF8[GF DF5N\0 o!P ;Z/TF D}<I Z5 YL *5ZP TFZJ6L D}<I _PZ_ YL _P*5

Page 116: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

101 101 101 101 101

;FZ6L 5P#G\] VJ,MSG SZTF\ H6FI K[ S[ S,D G\AZ !_4 !Z4 Z&4 #54 #( VG[ #)G\]

;Z/TF D}<I *5 SZTF\ JW] K[P T[DH S,D G\AZ !* VG[ #* G\] TFZJ6L D}<I _P*5 YL JW] K[P T[YL

VF VF9 S,DM !_4 !Z4 Z&4 #54 #(4 #)4 !*4 VG[ #* ZN SZJFDF\ VFJL K[P AFSLGL $Z

S,DMG\] 5'YÞZ6 SZTF\ ;Z/TF D}<I Z5 YL *5 VG[ TFZJ6L D}<I _PZ_ YL _P*5GL JrR[ K[P T[YL

VF $Z S,DM lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8L DF8[ :JLSFI" AG[ K[P VF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH

l;lâ S;M8L DF8[ ;DI DIF"NF $5 lDGL8GL ZFBJFG\] GÞL SZJFDF\ VFjI\]P

;M5FGv5;M5FGv5;M5FGv5;M5FGv5;M5FGv5 S;M8LGF V\lTD :J~5GL ZRGFP S;M8LGF V\lTD :J~5GL ZRGFP S;M8LGF V\lTD :J~5GL ZRGFP S;M8LGF V\lTD :J~5GL ZRGFP S;M8LGF V\lTD :J~5GL ZRGFP lJ7FG l;lâ S;M8L ;\ZRGFGL NZ[S

5|lS|IFDF\YL 5;FZ YIF AFN T[G\] VFBZL :J~5 T{IFZ SZJFDF\ VFjI\] CT\]P

5|:T]T S;M8L S], +6 V[SDM VFWFlZT ZRJFDF\ VFJL CTLP

V[SDv!V[SDv!V[SDv!V[SDv!V[SDv! 5|F6L5[XLVMP 5|F6L5[XLVMP 5|F6L5[XLVMP 5|F6L5[XLVMP 5|F6L5[XLVMP VF V[SDDF\YL !$ 5|`GM 5}KJFDF\ VFjIF K[P VF !$ 5|`GMGF

VFWFZ[ S], !( S,DMGF S], U]6 Z! ZFBJFDF\ VFjIF K[P

V[SDvZV[SDvZV[SDvZV[SDvZV[SDvZ JG:5lT JUL"SZ6P JG:5lT JUL"SZ6P JG:5lT JUL"SZ6P JG:5lT JUL"SZ6P JG:5lT JUL"SZ6P VF V[SDDF\YL !Z 5|`GM 5}KJFDF\ VFjIF K[P T[DF\YL !Z

S,DMGF S], U]6 !$ ZFBJFDF\ VFjIF K[P

V[SDv#V[SDv#V[SDv#V[SDv#V[SDv# 5|F6L JUL"SZ6P 5|F6L JUL"SZ6P 5|F6L JUL"SZ6P 5|F6L JUL"SZ6P 5|F6L JUL"SZ6P VF V[SDDF\YL !Z 5|`GM 5}KJFDF\ VFjIF K[P T[DF\YL !Z

S,DMGF S], U]6 !5 ZFBJFDF\ VFjIF K[P 5|:T]T S;M8LDF\ VF 5|DF6[ S], 5F\R 5|`GM 5}KJFDF\

VFjIF K[P

5|`Gv! SF{\;DF\YL IMuI XaN 5;\N SZL BF,L HuIF 5}ZMP VF DF8[ S], !5 BF,L HuIF VF5JFDF\

VFJL K[P NZ[SGM V[S U]6 K[P

5|`GvZ GLR[GF lJWFGM BZF\ K[ S[ BM8F\ T[ lJWFGGL AFH]DF\ VF5[,F\ BFGFDF\ c3c S[ c8c GL lGXFGL

SZL NXF"JMP HM lJWFG BM8\] CMI TM Z[BF\lST XaN AN,L BM8F lJWFGGL GLR[ ;FR\] lJWFG

,BMP T[GF S], ( U]6 K[P

5|`Gv# GLR[GF NZ[S 5|`GGF V[SvA[ JFSIDF\ HJFA VF5MP VF XLQF"S GLR[ S], ( 5|`GM 5}KJFDF\

VFJ[, K[P T[GF S], !& U]6 K[P

5|`Gv$ GLR[ VF5[, lJEFUvV DF\GL JG:5lT VG[ 5|F6LVMG[ lJEFUvA DF\ VF5[, ;D]NFI

;FY[ IMuI ZLT[ HM0MP VF DF8[ S], & HM0SF\ 5}KJFDF\ VFjIF\ K[P NZ[SGM V[S U]6 K[P

5|`Gv5 GLR[ VF5[, R[TFSMQFGL ZRGFDF\ GFD lGN["XG SZMP VF XLQF"S GLR[ S], 5F\R GFDM 5}K[,F

K[P NZ[SGM V[S U]6 K[P

Page 117: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

102 102 102 102 102

;DU| lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LGF NZ[S 5|̀ GMGF HJFA VF5JF DF8[ V,U p¿Z5+M

G VF5TF\ HJFA DF8[ 5}ZTL HuIF S;M8LDF\ H VF5JFDF\ VFJ[,L K[P

VFD4 S;M8LGL S], S,DM $Z K[P H[GF U]6 5_ ZFBJFDF\ VFjIF K[P VF V\lTD S;M8L

5lZlXQ8v) DF\ NXF"J[, K[P VG[ T[GL U]6F\SG RFJL 5lZlXQ8v!_ DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[P VF S;M8LGL a<I}

l5|g8 ;FZ6L 5P$ DF\ VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, K[P

S|DS|DS|DS|DS|D C[T ]C [T ]C [T ]C [T ]C [T ] 5|`G5|`G5|`G5|`G5|`GS|DS|DS|DS|DS|D

V[SDv!V[SDv!V[SDv!V[SDv!V[SDv!5|F6L5[XLVM5|F6L5[XLVM5|F6L5[XLVM5|F6L5[XLVM5|F6L5[XLVM

V[SDvZV[SDvZV[SDvZV[SDvZV[SDvZJG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6

V[SDv#V[SDv#V[SDv#V[SDv#V[SDv#5|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ6

S],S],S],S],S],S,DMGLS,DMGLS,DMGLS,DMGLS,DMGL;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF

S],S],S],S],S],U]6U]6U]6U]6U]6

! 7FG ! !4 Z4 #4 $4 54 & *4 (4 )4 !_4 !! !Z4 !#4 !$4 !5 !5 !5

Z v v v v v

# !4 Z4 # $ &4 * _& !Z

$ v v v v v

5 v v v v v

Z ;DH ! v v v v v

Z !4 Z4 #4 $ 54 & *4 ( _( _(

# v 5 ( _Z _$

$ v !4 Z4 # $4 54 & _& _&

5 v v v v v

# SF{X<I ! v v v v v

Z v v v v v

# v v v v v

$ v v v v v

5 !4 Z4 #4 $4 5 v v _5 _5

S],S],S],S],S], !(!(!(!(!( !Z!Z!Z!Z!Z !Z!Z!Z!Z!Z $Z$Z$Z$Z$Z 5_5_5_5_5_

;FZ6L 5P$;FZ6L 5P$;FZ6L 5P$;FZ6L 5P$;FZ6L 5P$

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LG\] 5}J" VFIMHGlJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LG\] 5}J" VFIMHGlJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LG\] 5}J" VFIMHGlJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LG\] 5}J" VFIMHGlJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LG\] 5}J" VFIMHG

;FZ6L 5P$ 5ZYL HM. XSFI K[ S[ l;lâ S;M8LG\] RFZ C[T]VM VFWFlZT 5}J" VFIMHG SZJFDF\

VFjI\] CT\]P 7FG4 ;DH VG[ SF{X<I DF8[ Z!4 !& VG[ _5 S,DM D/LG[ S], $Z S,DM 5;\N

SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP VF S,DMGF 5|̀ G S|D p5ZMST ;FZ6L 5ZYL HM. XSFI K[P

;M5FGv&;M5FGv&;M5FGv&;M5FGv&;M5FGv& V\lTD S;M8LGL VHDFIXP V\lTD S;M8LGL VHDFIXP V\lTD S;M8LGL VHDFIXP V\lTD S;M8LGL VHDFIXP V\lTD S;M8LGL VHDFIXP 5|IMHS[ S;M8LGL 5|YD VHDFIX AFN S,D

5'YÞZ6 SZL V\lTD :J~5GL S;M8L DF8[ S,DM 5;\N SZL 5F9I S|DGF S|DDF\ UM9JL S;M8LGL

;\ZRGF SZL CTLP

Page 118: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

103 103 103 103 103

S;M8LGF 5|DF6LSZ6 DF8[ 5|IMHS[ ZFHSM8 XC[ZGL +6 XF/FVM 5;\N SZL CTLP H[ 5|:T]T

;\XMWGG\] jIF5lJ`J CT\]P jIF5lJ`JGF 5F+MDF\YL $__ 5F+MG[ IF¹lrKS GD}GF 5;\NULGL 5âlTYL

5;\N SZJFDF\ VFjIF CTFP VFD4 V\lTD lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHGL l;lâ S;M8L +6 XF/FGF $__

5F+MG[ VF5JFDF\ VFJL CTLP jIF5lJ`JDF\YL 5;\N YI[, GD}GFGL 5;\lNT XF/FGL lJUT ;FZ6L

5P5DF\ NXF"JJFDF\ VFJL K[P

;FZ6L 5P5;FZ6L 5P5;FZ6L 5P5;FZ6L 5P5;FZ6L 5P5

GD}GFGL 5;\lNT XF/FGL lJUTGD}GFGL 5;\lNT XF/FGL lJUTGD}GFGL 5;\lNT XF/FGL lJUTGD}GFGL 5;\lNT XF/FGL lJUTGD}GFGL 5;\lNT XF/FGL lJUT

S|DS |DS |DS |DS |D XF/FG\ ] GFDXF/FG\ ] GFDXF/FG\ ] GFDXF/FG\ ] GFDXF/FG\ ] GFD S]DFZS]DFZS]DFZS]DFZS]DFZ SgIFSgIFSgIFSgIFSgIF S ],S ],S ],S ],S ],

! DF;}D lJnF,I !__ v !__

Z zL ;ZNFZ 58[, lJnF,I !#_ v !#_

# zL SM8S SgIF lJGI D\lNZ v !*_ !*_

S],S ],S ],S ],S ], Z#_Z#_Z#_Z#_Z#_ !*_!*_!*_!*_!*_ $__$__$__$__$__

;FZ6L 5P5 DF\ NXF"jIF D]HA +6 XF/FVMGF 5F+M !__4 !#_ VG[ !*_ D/LG[ S], $__

5F+M CTF\P H[DF\ SgIFVMGL S], ;\bIF !*_ CTL VG[ S]DFZMGL S], ;\bIF Z#_ CTLP

5|IMHS[ T{IFZ SZ[, V\lTD lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LDF\ $Z S,DM CTLP S;M8LDF\ H

lJnFYL"VMV[ p¿Z VF5JFGF CTFP S;M8L 5F+MG[ VF5JF DF8[ H[ T[ XF/FGF VFRFI"zLGL D\H}ZL ,LWL

CTLP S;M8LGF 5|DF6LSZ6 DF8[ 5;\N YI[, $__ 5F+MG[ S;M8L VF5L NZ[S 5F+MGF p¿Z5+MG\]

U]6F\SG SZJFDF\ VFjI\] CT\]P U]6F\SG RFJL 5lZlXQ8v!_ DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[P

;M5FGv*;M5FGv*;M5FGv*;M5FGv*;M5FGv* S;M8LGL TSŸlGSL AFATMP S;M8LGL TSŸlGSL AFATMP S;M8LGL TSŸlGSL AFATMP S;M8LGL TSŸlGSL AFATMP S;M8LGL TSŸlGSL AFATMP S;M8L ZRGFGM V\lTD VG[ ;F{YL VUtIGM TAÞM

V[ S;M8LGL lJ`J;lGITF VG[ 5|DF6E}TTF GÞL SZJFGM K[P

!P!P!P!P!P S;M8L lJ`J;lGITFP S;M8L lJ`J;lGITFP S;M8L lJ`J;lGITFP S;M8L lJ`J;lGITFP S;M8L lJ`J;lGITFP S;M8L V[S H GD}GFGF 5F+M 5Z V[S SZTF\ JW] JFZ VF5JFDF\

VFJ[ VG[ ;DFG 5lZ6FD 5|F%T YFI T[G[ S;M8LGL lJ`J;lGITF SC[JFIP

SI]0ZvlZRF0";G ;}+ 5âlTYL S;M8LGL lJ`J;lGITFP SI]0ZvlZRF0";G ;}+ 5âlTYL S;M8LGL lJ`J;lGITFP SI]0ZvlZRF0";G ;}+ 5âlTYL S;M8LGL lJ`J;lGITFP SI]0ZvlZRF0";G ;}+ 5âlTYL S;M8LGL lJ`J;lGITFP SI]0ZvlZRF0";G ;}+ 5âlTYL S;M8LGL lJ`J;lGITFP 5|IMHS[ SI]0ZvlZRF0";G

5âlTYL lJ`J;lGITF GLR[GF ;}+GL DNNYL XMWL CTLP

lJ`J;lGITF = K

. [1 - m (K - m)]

K - 1 KS

K = S,DMGL ;\bIF

m = ;DU| GD}GFGL ;ZF;ZL

S = ;DU| GD}GFG\] 5|DF6lJR,G

Page 119: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

104 104 104 104 104

5|:T]T S;M8LGL lJ`J;lGITF _P)* HMJF D/L CTLP H[ êRL SC[JFIP

VW"lJrK[NG 5âlTYL S;M8LGL lJ`J;lGITFP VW"lJrK[NG 5âlTYL S;M8LGL lJ`J;lGITFP VW"lJrK[NG 5âlTYL S;M8LGL lJ`J;lGITFP VW"lJrK[NG 5âlTYL S;M8LGL lJ`J;lGITFP VW"lJrK[NG 5âlTYL S;M8LGL lJ`J;lGITFP VF 5âlTYL lJ`J;lGITF XMWJF

DF8[ 5|IMHS[ &_ 5F+MGF p¿Z5+MDF\YL V[SL S,DM VG[ A[SL S,DM 5|tI[SGF U]6EFZ

GÞL SZJFDF\ VFjIF CTFP VFD4 S;M8LGF A[ V0lWIF JrR[GM ;C;\A\W XMWJFDF\ VFjIM

CTMP H[ _P)5 D?IM CTMP VF ;C;\A\W B}A H ;FZM GM\W5F+ ;\A\W SC[JFIP

ZPZPZPZPZP S;M8LGL 5|DF6E}TTFP S;M8LGL 5|DF6E}TTFP S;M8LGL 5|DF6E}TTFP S;M8LGL 5|DF6E}TTFP S;M8LGL 5|DF6E}TTFP S;M8L H[ C[T]G[ wIFGDF\ ZFBLG[ T{IFZ SZJFDF\ VFJL K[4 T[

C[T]G[ S[8,[ V\X[ gIFI VF5L XS[ K[ T[ S;M8LGL 5|DF6E}TTF äFZF HF6L XSFIP

lJQFIJ:T] 5|DF6E}TTFP lJQFIJ:T] 5|DF6E}TTFP lJQFIJ:T] 5|DF6E}TTFP lJQFIJ:T] 5|DF6E}TTFP lJQFIJ:T] 5|DF6E}TTFP 5F9IS|DGL lJQFIJ:T] VG[ C[T]GL ¹lQ8V[ S;M8LG\] 5'YÞZ6

VFWFZE}T CMI TM T[G[ lJQFIJ:T] 5|DF6E}TTF SC[JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH

lJQFIGF V[SDMDF\YL 5;\lNT V[SDMGF lJQFIJ:T]G[ JT"G 5lZJT"GGF C[T]VMGF ;\NE"DF\

VFJZL ,LW[,P T[ 5|DF6[ C[T]VM 7FG4 ;DH4 p5IMHG VG[ SF{X<IG[ wIFGDF\ ZFBLG[

VGFtD,1FL S;M8L 5|̀ GMGL ZRGF SZJFDF\ VFJ[,LP VF ZLT[ ZR[,L lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH

l;lâ S;M8LDF\ H]NF H]NF lJQFI lGQ6F\TMGF VlE5|FIM D[/JL H~ZL O[ZOFZM SZ[,FP p5ZF\T

l;lâ S;M8LGL a<I} l5|g8 AGFJ[,LP lJQFIJ:T]GF U]6EFZ VG[ C[T] 5|DF6[ U]6EFZG[

wIFGDF\ ZFBLG[ S;M8L ZRGF SZJFDF\ VFJ[,LP VFD4 lJQFIJ:T] 5|DF6E}TTF HF/JL

CTLP

DFGN\0 5|DF6E}TTFP DFGN\0 5|DF6E}TTFP DFGN\0 5|DF6E}TTFP DFGN\0 5|DF6E}TTFP DFGN\0 5|DF6E}TTFP lJnFYL"V[ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIDF\ ;+F\T 5ZL1FFDF\

D[/J[, U]6GL ;FY[ S;M8LDF\ D[/J[, 5|F%TF\SM S[JM ;C;\A\W WZFJ[ K[ T[ T5F;JF DF8[ zL

DF;}D lJnF,I4 ZFHSM8GF WMZ6GF GJGF JU"GF lJnFYL"VMV[ ;+F\T 5ZL1FFDF\ lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIDF\ D[/J[, U]6GF VFWFZ[ l5I;"GGL 5lZA/ U]6FSFZ 5âlTYL

;C;\A\W XMWJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP H[ _P)& D?IM CTMP VF B}AH ;FZM ;C;\A\W U6FIP

T[YL S;M8L IYFY" K[ T[D SC[JFIP

5PZ5PZ5PZ5PZ5PZ l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGF 5|F%TF\SMGL ,F1Fl6STFVMl;lâ S;M8L 5ZGF 5|F%TF\SMGL ,F1Fl6STFVMl;lâ S;M8L 5ZGF 5|F%TF\SMGL ,F1Fl6STFVMl;lâ S;M8L 5ZGF 5|F%TF\SMGL ,F1Fl6STFVMl;lâ S;M8L 5ZGF 5|F%TF\SMGL ,F1Fl6STFVM

;DU| S;M8LG\] VF\S0FXF:+LI D}<I ;FZ6L 5P&DF\ NXF"J[, K[P

Page 120: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

105 105 105 105 105

;FZ6L 5P&;FZ6L 5P&;FZ6L 5P&;FZ6L 5P&;FZ6L 5P&

;DU| S;M8LG\] VF\S0FSLI D}<I;DU| S;M8LG\] VF\S0FSLI D}<I;DU| S;M8LG\] VF\S0FSLI D}<I;DU| S;M8LG\] VF\S0FSLI D}<I;DU| S;M8LG\] VF\S0FSLI D}<I

S|DS |DS |DS |DS |D lJUTlJUTlJUTlJUTlJUT VF\S0FSLI D}<IVF\S0FSLI D}<IVF\S0FSLI D}<IVF\S0FSLI D}<IVF\S0FSLI D}<I

! ;\bIF $__

Z ,3]TD 5|F%TF\S _(

# DC¿D 5|F%TF\S 5_

$ ;ZF;ZL Z*P##

5 DwI:Y Z(

& AC],S #!

* 5|DF6lJR,G !_P_*5

( 5FN:Yv! Z!

) 5FN:Yv# #5

!_ XTF\X:Yv!_ !Z

!! XTF\X:Yv)_ $_

!Z lJ~5TF v_P!))

!# SS}NTF _P(_5

;FZ6L 5P& 5ZYL VJ,MSG SZTF H6FI K[ S[ 5F+MGL S], ;\bIF $__ K[P ,3]TD 5|F%TF\S

_( VG[ DC¿D 5|F%TF\S 5_ K[P ;ZF;ZL Z*P##4 5|DF6lJR,G !_P_*54 lJ~5TF v_P!))

VG[ SS}NTF _P(_5 K[P

CJ[ 5KLGF 5|SZ6DF\ 5|IMU äFZF D/[, DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 VG[ VY"38G SZJFDF\ VFJ[, K[P

Page 121: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

106 106 106 106 1065|SZ6 v &5|SZ6 v &5|SZ6 v &5|SZ6 v &5|SZ6 v &

DFlCTLGL ZH}VFT4 5'YÞZ6 VG[ VY"38GDFlCTLGL ZH}VFT4 5'YÞZ6 VG[ VY"38GDFlCTLGL ZH}VFT4 5'YÞZ6 VG[ VY"38GDFlCTLGL ZH}VFT4 5'YÞZ6 VG[ VY"38GDFlCTLGL ZH}VFT4 5'YÞZ6 VG[ VY"38G

&P_&P_&P_&P_&P_ 5|F:TFlJS5|F:TFlJS5|F:TFlJS5|F:TFlJS5|F:TFlJS

SM.56 ;\XMWG SFI"DF\ T[GF GÞL SZ[,F C[T]VM 5lZ5}6" YFI K[ S[ S[D T[ HF6JF DF8[ 5|F%T

DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 VG[ VY"38G SZJ\] H~ZL K[P VY"38G äFZF ;\XMWGDF\ GÞZ TFZ6M D[/JL

XSFI K[P

5|:T]T ;\XMWG V[ 5|FIMlUS ;\XMWG K[P 5|IMUGL X~VFTDF\ VeIF;GF C[T]VMG[ VG]~5

ptS<5GFVMGL ZRGF SZL CTLP VF ptS<5GFVMGL RSF;6L SZJF DF8[ 5|F%T DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 SZL

VY"38G SZJFDF\ VFjI\] CT\] H[ V+[ ZH} SZ[, K[P

&P!&P!&P!&P!&P! DFlCTLGL ZH}VFTDFlCTLGL ZH}VFTDFlCTLGL ZH}VFTDFlCTLGL ZH}VFTDFlCTLGL ZH}VFT

5|:T]T VeIF; lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL l;lâ 5Z H]NLvH]NL 5âlTVMGL V;ZSFZSTF

RSF;JFGM CTMP VF DF8[ 5|IMUv! S]DFZM 5Z VG[ 5|IMUvZ SgIFVM 5Z CFY WZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP

T[GF DF8[ ZFHSM8 XC[ZGL A[ XF/FVM 5;\N SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP VF XF/FVM VG]S|D[ zL DF;}D

lJnF,I VG[ zL 5\RXL, lJnF,I CTLP A\G[ 5|IMUDF\ RFZ H}YM 5F0JFDF\ VFjIF\ CTF\P NZ[S H}YG[

V,UvV,U ZLT[ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0"4 H}Y VwIF5G VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlT

äFZF VwIF5G SFI" SZFJ[,P 5|IMUGF V\T[ 5|DF6E}T l;lâ S;M8L äFZF NZ[S H}YGF lJnFYL"VMGL

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIDF\ l;lâ RSF;[, CTLP H[GF VFWFZ[ D/[,F\ lJnFYL"VMGF l;lâ S;M8L

5ZGF 5|F%TF\SM 5lZlXQ8v!! DF\ NXF"J[, K[P

D/[, DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 SZJF DF8[ VG[S V\SXF:+LI 5|I]lSTVM 5|F%I K[P 5Z\T] DFlCTLG\]

:J~5 VG[ 5|SFZG[ VG]~5 IMuI 5|I]lST 5;\N SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

H]NLvH]NL 5âlTVMGL V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JF DF8[ V[OvD}<I VG[ 8LvD}<I XMWL ;FY"STF

RSF;[, CTLP

5|:T]T ;\XMWGDF\ p5IMUDF\ ,[JFI[,F lJlJW p5SZ6M 5Z 5|F%T DFlCTL V\TZF, DF5G S1FFDF\

CTLP

Page 122: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

107 107 107 107 107

&PZ&PZ&PZ&PZ&PZ DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 VG[ VY"38GDFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 VG[ VY"38GDFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 VG[ VY"38GDFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 VG[ VY"38GDFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 VG[ VY"38G

5|IMHS[ ZR[,F C[T]VMG[ VG]~5 D[/J[, DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 ptS<5GFVMGL RSF;6LGF :J~5DF\

VG[ S|DXo GLR[ 5|DF6[ ZH} SZ[, K[P

&PZP!&PZP!&PZP!&PZP!&PZP! 5|IMU NZdIFG S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[5|IMU NZdIFG S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[5|IMU NZdIFG S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[5|IMU NZdIFG S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[5|IMU NZdIFG S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[

tvD}<IPvD}<IPvD}<IPvD}<IPvD}<IP

;FZ6L &P!;FZ6L &P!;FZ6L &P!;FZ6L &P!;FZ6L &P!CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ

5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<I

H }YH }YH }YH }YH }Y ;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF ;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL 5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G tvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<I

5|FIMlUS Z5 ##P*& #P5&Z

sCAIf!!P#5)··

lGI\l+T Z5 !)P_$ 5P$!Z

sjIFbIFG 5âlTf

··_P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S

&PZP!P!&PZP!P!&PZP!P!&PZP!P!&PZP!P! CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4

5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P! DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P! DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P! DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P! DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P! DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[P

;FZ6L &P! G\] VJ,MSG SZTF\ H6FI K[ S[4 5|IMU NZdIFG 5|FIMlUS H}Y sCAIf GF Z5

S]DFZMGL l;lâ S;M8LGF 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL ##P*& VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G #P5&Z CTF\ HIFZ[ lGI\l+T

H}Y sjIFbIFG 5âlTf GF Z5 S]DFZMGL l;lâ S;M8LGF 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL !)P_$ VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G

5P$!Z CTFP ;ZF;ZL 5|F%TF\SM JrR[GF TOFJTMG\] 8LvD}<I !!P#5) CT\]P H[ ZP5( SZTF\ JW] CT\]P

VFD4 8LvD}<I _P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S CT\]P

VFYL VeIF;GL X}gI ptS<5GFv! cc5|IMUG[ V\T[ CAI SFI"S|D âFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS

H}Yv!GF S]DFZMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S

l;lâ VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlTYL VeIF; SZTF\ lGI\l+T H}YGF S]DFZMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL

5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIcc GM V:JLSFZ YIM

CTMP V[8,[ S[ 5|FIMlUS H}Y VG[ lGI\l+T H}YGF\ ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ 5|F%TF\SM JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT

CTMP H[ 5|FIMlUS H}YGL TZO[6DF\ CTMP VFYL SCL XSFI S[ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf SFI"S|D

VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlTDF\YL Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf SFI"S|D V;ZSFZS CTMP

Page 123: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

108 108 108 108 108

&PZP!PZ&PZP!PZ&PZP!PZ&PZP!PZ&PZP!PZ JS"SF0 " äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S ]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF \SMGL ;ZF;ZL4JS"SF0 " äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S ]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF \SMGL ;ZF;ZL4JS"SF0 " äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S ]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF \SMGL ;ZF;ZL4JS"SF0 " äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S ]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF \SMGL ;ZF;ZL4JS"SF0 " äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S ]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF \SMGL ;ZF;ZL4

5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &PZ DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &PZ DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &PZ DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &PZ DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &PZ DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[P

;FZ6L &PZ;FZ6L &PZ;FZ6L &PZ;FZ6L &PZ;FZ6L &PZJS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâJS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâJS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâJS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâJS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ

5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<I

H }YH }YH }YH }YH }Y ;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF ;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL 5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G tvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<I

5|FIMlUS Z5 Z)P&( $P&*_

sJS"SF0"f*P$$··

lGI\l+T Z5 !)P_$ 5P$!Z

sjIFbIFG 5âlTf

··_P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S

;FZ6L &PZ G\] VJ,MSG SZTF\ H6FI K[ S[4 5|IMU NZdIFG 5|FIMlUS H}Y sJS"SF0"f GF Z5

S]DFZMGL l;lâ S;M8LGF 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL Z)P&( VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G $P&*_ CTF\ HIFZ[ lGI\l+T

H}Y sjIFbIFG 5âlTf GF Z5 S]DFZMGL l;lâ S;M8LGF 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL !)P_$ VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G

5P$!Z CTFP ;ZF;ZL 5|F%TF\SM JrR[GF TOFJTMG\] 8LvD}<I *P$$ CT\]P H[ ZP5( SZTF\ JW] CT\]P VFD4

8LvD}<I _P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S CT\]P

VFYL VeIF;GL X}gI ptS<5GFvZ cc5|IMUG[ V\T[ JS"SF0" âFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS

H}YvZGF S]DFZMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S

l;lâ VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlTYL VeIF; SZTF\ lGI\l+T H}YGF S]DFZMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL

5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIcc GM V:JLSFZ YIM

CTMP V[8,[ S[ 5|FIMlUS H}Y VG[ lGI\l+T H}YGF\ ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ 5|F%TF\SM JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT

CTMP H[ 5|FIMlUS H}YGL TZO[6DF\ CTMP VFYL SCL XSFI S[ JS"SF0" VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlTDF\YL JS"SF0"

5âlT V;ZSFZS CTLP

Page 124: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

109 109 109 109 109

&PZP!P#&PZP!P#&PZP!P#&PZP!P#&PZP!P# H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4

5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P# DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P# DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P# DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P# DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P# DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[P

;FZ6L &P#;FZ6L &P#;FZ6L &P#;FZ6L &P#;FZ6L &P#H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâH}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâH}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâH}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâH}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ

5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<I

H }YH }YH }YH }YH }Y ;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF ;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL 5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G tvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<I

5|FIMlUS Z5 Z*P#Z (P_!)

sH}Y VwIF5Gf$PZ*)··

lGI\l+T Z5 !)P_$ 5P$!Z

sjIFbIFG 5âlTf

··_P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S

;FZ6L &P# G\] VJ,MSG SZTF\ H6FI K[ S[4 5|IMU NZdIFG 5|FIMlUS H}Y sH}Y VwIF5Gf GF

Z5 S]DFZMGL l;lâ S;M8LGF 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL Z*P#Z VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G (P_!) CTF\ HIFZ[

lGI\l+T H}Y sjIFbIFG 5âlTf GF Z5 S]DFZMGL l;lâ S;M8LGF 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL !)P_$ VG[

5|DF6lJR,G 5P$!Z CTFP ;ZF;ZL 5|F%TF\SM JrR[GF TOFJTMG]\ 8LvD}<I $PZ*) CT\]P H[ ZP5(

SZTF\ JW] CT\]P VFD4 8LvD}<I _P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S CT\]P

VFYL VeIF;GL X}gI ptS<5GFv# cc5|IMUG[ V\T[ H}Y VwIF5G âFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS

H}Yv#GF S]DFZMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S

l;lâ VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlTYL VeIF; SZTF\ lGI\l+T H}YGF S]DFZMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL

5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIcc GM V:JLSFZ YIM

CTMP V[8,[ S[ 5|FIMlUS H}Y VG[ lGI\l+T H}YGF\ ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ 5|F%TF\SM JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT

CTMP H[ 5|FIMlUS H}YGL TZO[6DF\ CTMP VFYL SCL XSFI S[ H}Y VwIF5G VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlTDF\YL

H}Y VwIF5G 5âlT V;ZSFZS CTLP

Page 125: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

110 110 110 110 110

;FZ6L &P$;FZ6L &P$;FZ6L &P$;FZ6L &P$;FZ6L &P$

S]DFZMGF 5|F%TF\SMG\] lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6S]DFZMGF 5|F%TF\SMG\] lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6S]DFZMGF 5|F%TF\SMG\] lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6S]DFZMGF 5|F%TF\SMG\] lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6S]DFZMGF 5|F%TF\SMG\] lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6

! 5âlTVM SSMs Z 5#_P*$* Z&5P#*#

Z H}Y V\TU"T SSWg *Z Z#*!P$$_ #ZP)#* (P_5*··

# S], SST *$ Z)_ZP!(* v

S|DS |DS |DS |DS |D R,GM pNŸEJR,GM pNŸEJR,GM pNŸEJR,GM pNŸEJR,GM pNŸEJ df JUM"GF ;ZJF/F JUM"GF ;ZJF/F JUM"GF ;ZJF/F JUM"GF ;ZJF/F JUM"GF ;ZJF/F SS lJRZ6lJRZ6lJRZ6lJRZ6lJRZ6 F

··_P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S

&PZP!P$&PZP!P$&PZP!P$&PZP!P$&PZP!P$ S]DFZMGF ;\NE"DF\ VwIF5G 5âlTVM 5|tI[GF 5|F%TF\SMG\ ] lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6S]DFZMGF ;\NE"DF\ VwIF5G 5âlTVM 5|tI[GF 5|F%TF\SMG\ ] lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6S]DFZMGF ;\NE"DF\ VwIF5G 5âlTVM 5|tI[GF 5|F%TF\SMG\ ] lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6S]DFZMGF ;\NE"DF\ VwIF5G 5âlTVM 5|tI[GF 5|F%TF\SMG\ ] lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6S]DFZMGF ;\NE"DF\ VwIF5G 5âlTVM 5|tI[GF 5|F%TF\SMG\ ] lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6

;FZ6L &P$ ;}RJ[ K[ S[ H]NLvH]NL 5âlTVM SSMs DF8[ df = K - ! = # v ! = Z HIF\ K =

H}YGL ;\bIF TYF H}Y V\TU"T SSWg DF8[ df = N - K = *5 v # = *Z YFIP S], JUM"GM

;ZJF/M SST = Z)_ZP!(* T[GF DF8[G\] df = *$ YFI K[P ;ZF;ZLVM JrR[GM JUM"GM ;ZJF/M

SSMs = 5#_P*$* YIMP T[YL V\TU"T H}YGM ;ZJF/M SSWg = SST - SSMs = Z#*!P$$_

YFIP H]NLvH]NL 5âlTVM JrR[G\] lJRZ6 Z&5P#*# TYF H}Y V\TU"T lJRZ6 #ZP)#* K[ T[DH F

U]6M¿ZG\] D}<I (P_5* K[P

;FZ6L &P$ 5ZYL SCL XSFI S[ F U]6M¿ZG\] D}<I (P_5* K[P H[ $P(( SZTF\ JW] CMJFYL

_P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S K[P VFYL VeIF;GL X}gI ptS<5GFv$ cc5|IMUGF\ V\T[ CAI SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0"

VG[ H}Y VwIF5GGF VD,LSZ6 AFNGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGF

S]DFZMGF X{1Fl6S 5|F%TF\SM JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIcc V[8,[ S[ +6[I 5âlTVMGL ;ZF;ZLVM

JrR[GM TOFJT ;FY"S K[P tIFZ AFN S. S. 5âlTVMGL ;ZF;ZLVM JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT K[ T[ HF6JF

DF8[ 8LvU]6M¿Z J0[ RSF;6L H~ZL CTLP VF DF8[ ;ZF;ZLGF TOFJTGL 5|DF6E}, XMWJF DF8[ GLR[GF

;}+GM p5IMU SZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP

SED = SDW 1

+ 1

N1 N2

SDW = VWg

= #ZP)#*

= 5P*$

VCÄ4

SED = 5P*$ !

+ !

Z5 Z5

SED = s5P*$f s_PZ(#f

SED = !P&Z

HIF\

SED = ;ZF;ZLGF TOFJTGL 5|DF6E},

SDW = V\TU"T H}Y 5|DF6lJR,G

N1, N2 = A\G[ H}YGF lGNX"GL ;\bIF

Page 126: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

111 111 111 111 111

;FZ6L &P5;FZ6L &P5;FZ6L &P5;FZ6L &P5;FZ6L &P5

S]DFZMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM S]DFZMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM S]DFZMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM S]DFZMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM S]DFZMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM CAI SFI"S|D4 SFI"S|D4 SFI"S|D4 SFI"S|D4 SFI"S|D4

JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5|DF6[ TOFJTJS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5|DF6[ TOFJTJS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5|DF6[ TOFJTJS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5|DF6[ TOFJTJS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5|DF6[ TOFJT

5âlT5âlT5âlT5âlT5âlT CAI SFI"S|D SFI"S|D SFI"S|D SFI"S|D SFI"S|D JS"SF0 "JS"SF0 "JS"SF0 "JS"SF0 "JS"SF0 " H}Y VwIF5GH}Y VwIF5GH}Y VwIF5GH}Y VwIF5GH}Y VwIF5G

JS"SF0" ZP5Z· v v

H}Y VwIF5G #P)(· !P$& v

·_P_5 S1FFV[ ;FY"S

V\TU"T H}Y DF8[ df = *Z K[P ;FZ6LvC DF\ df = *Z DF8[

_P_5 = ZP__ X SED = #PZ$

_P_! = ZP&5 X SED = $PZ)

VFD _P_5 S1FFV[ ;FY"S YJF DF8[ DwISGM TOFJT #PZ$ TYF _P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S YJF DF8[

DwISGM TOFJT $PZ) CMJM VFJxIS K[P

;FZ6L &P5 5ZYL SCL XSFI S[ S]DFZMGF CAI SFI"S|D VG[ JS"SF0"GF DwISM JrR[GM TOFJT

ZP5Z K[P H[ #PZ$ SZTF\ VMKM CMJFYL SCL XSFI S[ A\G[ DwISM JrR[GM TOFJT ;FY"S GYLP VFYL

SCL XSFI S[ X}gI ptS<5GFv5 cc5|IMUGF\ V\T[ CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}Yv!

GF S]DFZMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[

JS"SF0" äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}YvZGF S]DFZMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T

l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIcc GM :JLSFZ YIM CTMP VYF"T

S]DFZM 5Z CAI SFI"S|D VG[ JS"SF0" äFZF VwIIG SZJFDF\ l;lâ JrR[ TOFJT G H6FIMP

;FZ6L &P5 5ZYL SCL XSFI S[ S]DFZMGF CAI SFI"S|D VG[ H}Y VwIF5GGF DwISM JrR[GM

TOFJT #P)( K[P H[ #PZ$ SZTF\ JW] CMJFYL _P_5 S1FFV[ ;FY"S K[P VFYL X}gI ptS<5GFv&

cc5|IMUGF\ V\T[ CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}Yv! GF S]DFZMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH

lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VeIF; SZTF\

5|FIMlUS H}Yv#GF S]DFZMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX

X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIcc GM V:JLSFZ YIM CTMP VYF"T S]DFZM 5Z H}Y VwIF5G

SZTF\ CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G SZJFDF\ JWFZ[ l;lâ 5|F%T Y. CTLP

&PZP!P5&PZP!P5&PZP!P5&PZP!P5&PZP!P5 S]DFZMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM S]DFZMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM S]DFZMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM S]DFZMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM S]DFZMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM CAI SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G

5|DF6[ TOFJTP5|DF6[ TOFJTP5|DF6[ TOFJTP5|DF6[ TOFJTP5|DF6[ TOFJTP 5âlTVM 5|DF6[ S]DFZMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISG[ VFWFZ[ V,UvV,U 5âlTVMGF

DwISGM TOFJT XMWJFDF\ VFjIMP H[GL ZH}VFT ;FZ6L &P5 DF\ NXF"JJFDF\ VFJ[,L K[P

Page 127: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

112 112 112 112 112

;FZ6L &P&;FZ6L &P&;FZ6L &P&;FZ6L &P&;FZ6L &P&CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ

5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<I

H }YH }YH }YH }YH }Y ;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF ;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL 5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G tvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<I

5|FIMlUS Z5 #5P$( ZP$5

sCAIf!$P_!Z··

lGI\l+T Z5 !(P(_ 5P$Z$

sjIFbIFG 5âlTf

··_P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S

;FZ6L &P& G\] VJ,MSG SZTF\ H6FI K[ S[4 5|IMU NZdIFG 5|FIMlUS H}Y sCAIf GL Z5

SgIFVMGL l;lâ S;M8LGF 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL #5P$( VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G ZP$5 CTF\ HIFZ[ lGI\l+T

H}Y sjIFbIFG 5âlTf GL Z5 SgIFVMGL l;lâ S;M8LGF 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL !(P(_ VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G

5P$Z$ CTFP ;ZF;ZL 5|F%TF\SM JrR[GF TOFJTMG\] 8LvD}<I !$P_!Z CT\]P H[ ZP5( SZTF\ JW] CT\]P

VFD4 8LvD}<I _P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S CT\]P

VFYL VeIF;GL X}gI ptS<5GFv( cc5|IMUG[ V\T[ CAI SFI"S|D âFZF VeIF; SZTL 5|FIMlUS

H}Yv!GL SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S

l;lâ VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlTYL VeIF; SZTL lGI\l+T H}YGL SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL

5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIcc GM V:JLSFZ YIM

;FZ6L &P5 5ZYL SCL XSFI S[ S]DFZMGF JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5GGF DwISM JrR[GM TOFJT

!P$& K[P H[ #PZ$ SZTF\ VMKM CMJFYL SCL XSFI S[ A\G[ DwISM JrR[GM TOFJT ;FY"S GYLP VFYL

SCL XSFI S[ X}gI ptS<5GFv* cc5|IMUGF\ V\T[ JS"SF0" äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}YvZGF S]DFZMGL

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ H}Y VwIF5G

äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}Yv#GF S]DFZMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ

S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIcc GM :JLSFZ YIM CTMP VYF"T S]DFZM

5Z JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G SZJFDF\ l;lâ JrR[ TOFJT G H6FIMP

&PZPZ&PZPZ&PZPZ&PZPZ&PZPZ 5|IMU NZdIFG SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF \SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G5|IMU NZdIFG SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF \SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G5|IMU NZdIFG SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF \SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G5|IMU NZdIFG SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF \SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G5|IMU NZdIFG SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF \SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G

VG[ VG[ VG[ VG[ VG[ tvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<I

&PZPZP!&PZPZP!&PZPZP!&PZPZP!&PZPZP! CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4

5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P& DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P& DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P& DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P& DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P& DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[P

Page 128: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

113 113 113 113 113

CTMP V[8,[ S[ 5|FIMlUS H}Y VG[ lGI\l+T H}YGF\ ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ 5|F%TF\SM JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT

CTMP H[ 5|FIMlUS H}YGL TZO[6DF\ CTMP VFYL SCL XSFI S[ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf SFI"S|D

VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlTDF\YL Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf SFI"S|D V;ZSFZS CTMP

&PZPZPZ&PZPZPZ&PZPZPZ&PZPZPZ&PZPZPZ JS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF \SMGL ;ZF;ZL4JS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF \SMGL ;ZF;ZL4JS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF \SMGL ;ZF;ZL4JS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF \SMGL ;ZF;ZL4JS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF \SMGL ;ZF;ZL4

5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P* DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P* DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P* DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P* DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P* DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[P

;FZ6L &P* G\] VJ,MSG SZTF\ H6FI K[ S[4 5|IMU NZdIFG 5|FIMlUS H}Y sJS"SF0"f GL Z5

SgIFVMGL l;lâ S;M8LGF 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL #_P)Z VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G *P_!! CTF\ HIFZ[ lGI\l+T

H}Y sjIFbIFG 5âlTf GL Z5 SgIFVMGL l;lâ S;M8LGF 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL !(P(_ VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G

5P$Z$ CTFP ;ZF;ZL 5|F%TF\SM JrR[GF TOFJTMG\] 8LvD}<I &P(#& CT\]P H[ ZP5( SZTF\ JW] CT\]P

VFD4 8LvD}<I _P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S CT\]P

VFYL VeIF;GL X}gI ptS<5GFv) cc5|IMUG[ V\T[ JS"SF0" âFZF VeIF; SZTL 5|FIMlUS

H}YvZGL SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S

l;lâ VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlTYL VeIF; SZTL lGI\l+T H}YGL SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL

5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIcc GM V:JLSFZ YIM

CTMP V[8,[ S[ 5|FIMlUS H}Y VG[ lGI\l+T H}YGF\ ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ 5|F%TF\SM JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT

CTMP H[ 5|FIMlUS H}YGL TZO[6DF\ CTMP VFYL SCL XSFI S[ JS"SF0" VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlTDF\YL JS"SF0"

5âlT V;ZSFZS CTLP

;FZ6L &P*;FZ6L &P*;FZ6L &P*;FZ6L &P*;FZ6L &P*JS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâJS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâJS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâJS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâJS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ

5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<I

H }YH }YH }YH }YH }Y ;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF ;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL 5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G tvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<I

5|FIMlUS Z5 #_P)Z *P_!!

sJS"SF0"f&P(#&··

lGI\l+T Z5 !(P(_ 5P$Z$

sjIFbIFG 5âlTf

··_P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S

Page 129: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

114 114 114 114 114

&PZPZP#&PZPZP#&PZPZP#&PZPZP#&PZPZP# H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4

5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P( DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P( DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P( DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P( DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P( DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[P

;FZ6L &P(;FZ6L &P(;FZ6L &P(;FZ6L &P(;FZ6L &P(H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâH}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâH}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâH}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâH}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ

5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<I

H }YH }YH }YH }YH }Y ;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF ;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL 5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G tvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<I

5|FIMlUS Z5 Z$P&_ *P(Z!

sH}Y VwIF5Gf#P_$*··

lGI\l+T Z5 !(P(_ 5P$Z$

sjIFbIFG 5âlTf

··_P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S

;FZ6L &P( G\] VJ,MSG SZTF\ H6FI K[ S[4 5|IMU NZdIFG 5|FIMlUS H}Y sH}Y VwIF5GfGL

Z5 SgIFVMGL l;lâ S;M8LGF 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL Z$P&_ VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G *P(Z! CTF\ HIFZ[

lGI\l+T H}Y sjIFbIFG 5âlTf GL Z5 SgIFVMGL l;lâ S;M8LGF 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL !(P(_ VG[

5|DF6lJR,G 5P$Z$ CTFP ;ZF;ZL 5|F%TF\SM JrR[GF TOFJTMG\] 8LvD}<I #P_$* CT\]P H[ ZP5(

SZTF\ JW] CT\]P VFD4 8LvD}<I _P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S CT\]P

VFYL VeIF;GL X}gI ptS<5GFv!_ cc5|IMUG[ V\T[ H}Y VwIF5G âFZF VeIF; SZTL

5|FIMlUS H}Yv#GL SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX

X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlTYL VeIF; SZTL lGI\l+T H}YGL SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH

lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIcc GM V:JLSFZ

YIM CTMP V[8,[ S[ 5|FIMlUS H}Y VG[ lGI\l+T H}YGF\ ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ 5|F%TF\SM JrR[ ;FY"S

TOFJT CTMP H[ 5|FIMlUS H}YGL TZO[6DF\ CTMP VFYL SCL XSFI S[ H}Y VwIF5G VG[ jIFbIFG

5âlTDF\YL H}Y VwIF5G 5âlT V;ZSFZS CTLP

Page 130: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

115 115 115 115 115

;FZ6L &P);FZ6L &P);FZ6L &P);FZ6L &P);FZ6L &P)

SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMG\] lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMG\] lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMG\] lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMG\] lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMG\] lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6

! 5âlTVM SSMs Z !$)ZP5(* *$&PZ)#

Z H}Y V\TU"T SSWg *Z Z*)ZP_(_ #(P**) !)PZ$5··

# S], SST *$ $Z($P&&*

S|DS |DS |DS |DS |D R,GM pNŸEJR,GM pNŸEJR,GM pNŸEJR,GM pNŸEJR,GM pNŸEJ df JUM"GF ;ZJF/F JUM"GF ;ZJF/F JUM"GF ;ZJF/F JUM"GF ;ZJF/F JUM"GF ;ZJF/F SS lJRZ6lJRZ6lJRZ6lJRZ6lJRZ6 F

··_P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S

;FZ6L &P) ;}RJ[ K[ S[ H]NLvH]NL 5âlTVM SSMs DF8[ df = K - ! = # v ! = Z HIF\ K =

H}YGL ;\bIF TYF H}Y V\TU"T SSWg DF8[ df = N - K = *5 v # = *Z YFIP S], JUM"GM

;ZJF/M SST = $Z($P&&* T[GF DF8[G\] df = *$ YFI K[P ;ZF;ZLVM JrR[GM JUM"GM ;ZJF/M

SSMs = !$)ZP5(* YIMP T[YL V\TU"T H}YGM ;ZJF/M SSWg = SST - SSMs = Z*)ZP_(

YFIP H]NLvH]NL 5âlTVM JrR[G\] lJRZ6 *$&PZ)# TYF H}Y V\TU"T lJRZ6 #(P**) K[ T[DH

F U]6M¿ZG\] D}<I !)PZ$5 K[P

;FZ6L &P) 5ZYL SCL XSFI S[ F U]6M¿ZG\] D}<I !)PZ$5 K[P H[ $P(( SZTF\ JW] CMJFYL

_P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S K[P VFYL VeIF;GL X}gI ptS<5GFv!! cc5|IMUGF V\T[ CAI SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0"

VG[ H}Y VwIF5GGF VD,LSZ6 AFNGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGF

SgIFVMGF X{1Fl6S l;lâ 5|F%TF\SM JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIcc V[8,[ S[ +6[I 5âlTVMGL ;ZF;ZLVM

JrR[GM TOFJT ;FY"S K[P tIFZ AFN S. S. 5âlTVMGL ;ZF;ZLVM JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT K[ T[ HF6JF

DF8[ 8LvU]6M¿Z J0[ RSF;6L H~ZL CTLP VF DF8[ ;ZF;ZLGF TOFJTGL 5|DF6E}, XMWJF DF8[ GLR[GF

;}+GM p5IMU SZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP

SED = SDW 1

+ 1

N1 N2

SDW = VWg

= #(P**)

= &PZ#

VCÄ4

SED = &PZ# !

+ !

Z5 Z5

SED = s&PZ#f s_PZ(#f

SED = !P*&

&PZPZP$&PZPZP$&PZPZP$&PZPZP$&PZPZP$ SgIFVMGF ;\NE"DF\ VwIF5G 5âlTVM 5|tI[GF 5|F%TF\SMG\ ] lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6SgIFVMGF ;\NE"DF\ VwIF5G 5âlTVM 5|tI[GF 5|F%TF\SMG\ ] lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6SgIFVMGF ;\NE"DF\ VwIF5G 5âlTVM 5|tI[GF 5|F%TF\SMG\ ] lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6SgIFVMGF ;\NE"DF\ VwIF5G 5âlTVM 5|tI[GF 5|F%TF\SMG\ ] lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6SgIFVMGF ;\NE"DF\ VwIF5G 5âlTVM 5|tI[GF 5|F%TF\SMG\ ] lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6

HIF\

SED = ;ZF;ZLGF TOFJTGL 5|DF6E},

SDW = V\TU"T H}Y 5|DF6lJR,G

N1, N2 = A\G[ H}YGF lGNX"GL ;\bIF

Page 131: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

116 116 116 116 116

&PZPZP5&PZPZP5&PZPZP5&PZPZP5&PZPZP5 SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM CAI SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G

5|DF6[ TOFJTP5|DF6[ TOFJTP5|DF6[ TOFJTP5|DF6[ TOFJTP5|DF6[ TOFJTP 5âlTVM 5|DF6[ SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISG[ VFWFZ[ V,UvV,U 5âlTVMGF

DwISGM TOFJT XMWJFDF\ VFjIMP H[GL ZH}VFT ;FZ6L &P!_ DF\ NXF"JJFDF\ VFJ[,L K[P

;FZ6L &P!_;FZ6L &P!_;FZ6L &P!_;FZ6L &P!_;FZ6L &P!_

SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM CAI SFI"S|D4 SFI"S|D4 SFI"S|D4 SFI"S|D4 SFI"S|D4

JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5|DF6[ TOFJTJS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5|DF6[ TOFJTJS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5|DF6[ TOFJTJS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5|DF6[ TOFJTJS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5|DF6[ TOFJT

5âlT5âlT5âlT5âlT5âlT CAI SFI"S|D SFI"S|D SFI"S|D SFI"S|D SFI"S|D JS"SF0 "JS"SF0 "JS"SF0 "JS"SF0 "JS"SF0 " H}Y VwIF5GH}Y VwIF5GH}Y VwIF5GH}Y VwIF5GH}Y VwIF5G

JS"SF0" ZP5)·· v v

H}Y VwIF5G &P!(·· #P5)· v

··_P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S·_P_5 S1FFV[ ;FY"S

V\TU"T H}Y DF8[ df = *Z K[P ;FZ6LvC DF\ df = *Z DF8[

_P_5 = ZP__ X SED = #P5Z

_P_! = ZP&5 X SED = $P&&

VFD _P_5 S1FFV[ ;FY"S YJF DF8[ DwISGM TOFJT #P5Z TYF _P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S YJF DF8[

DwISGM TOFJT $P&& CMJM VFJxIS K[P

;FZ6L &P!_ 5ZYL SCL XSFI S[ SgIFVMGF CAI SFI"S|D VG[ JS"SF0"GF DwISM JrR[GM TOFJT

ZP5) K[P H[ #P5Z SZTF\ VMKM CMJFYL SCL XSFI S[ A\G[ DwISM JrR[GM TOFJT ;FY"S GYLP VFYL

SCL XSFI S[ X}gI ptS<5GFv!Z cc5|IMUGF\ V\T[ CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VeIF; SZTL 5|FIMlUS H}Yv!GL

SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[

JS"SF0" äFZF VeIF; SZTL 5|FIMlUS H}YvZGL SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T

l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIcc GM :JLSFZ YIM CTMP VYF"T

SgIFVM 5Z CAI SFI"S|D VG[ JS"SF0" äFZF VwIIG SZJFDF\ l;lâ JrR[ TOFJT G H6FIMP

;FZ6L &P!_ 5ZYL SCL XSFI S[ SgIFVMGF CAI SFI"S|D VG[ H}Y VwIF5GGF DwISM JrR[GM

TOFJT &P!( K[P H[ $P&& SZTF\ JW] CMJFYL _P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S K[P VFYL X}gI ptS<5GFv!#

cc5|IMUGF\ V\T[ CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VeIF; SZTL 5|FIMlUS H}Yv!GL SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH

lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VeIF; SZTL

5|FIMlUS H}Yv#GL SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX

X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIcc GM V:JLSFZ YIM CTMP VYF"T SgIFVM 5Z H}Y VwIF5G

SZTF\ CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G SZJFDF\ JWFZ[ l;lâ 5|F%T Y. CTLP

Page 132: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

117 117 117 117 117

&PZP#&PZP#&PZP#&PZP#&PZP# 5|IMU NZdIFG S ]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF \SMGL ;ZF;ZL45|IMU NZdIFG S ]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF \SMGL ;ZF;ZL45|IMU NZdIFG S ]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF \SMGL ;ZF;ZL45|IMU NZdIFG S ]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF \SMGL ;ZF;ZL45|IMU NZdIFG S ]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF \SMGL ;ZF;ZL4

5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<I

&PZP#P!&PZP#P!&PZP#P!&PZP#P!&PZP#P! CAI SFI "S |D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S ]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ; \bIF4 l;lâSFI "S |D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S ]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ; \bIF4 l;lâSFI "S |D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S ]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ; \bIF4 l;lâSFI "S |D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S ]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ; \bIF4 l;lâSFI "S |D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S ]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ; \bIF4 l;lâ

5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P!! DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P!! DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P!! DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P!! DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P!! DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[P

;FZ6L &P!_ 5ZYL SCL XSFI S[ SgIFVMGF JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5GGF DwISM JrR[GM

TOFJT #P5) K[P H[ #P5Z SZTF\ JW] CMJFYL _P_5 S1FFV[ ;FY"S K[P VFYL SCL XSFI S[ X}gI

ptS<5GFv!$ cc5|IMUGF\ V\T[ JS"SF0" äFZF VeIF; SZTL 5|FIMlUS H}YvZGL SgIFVMGL lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ H}Y VwIF5G äFZF

VeIF; SZTL 5|FIMlUS H}Yv#GL SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L

5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIcc GM V:JLSFZ YIM CTMP VYF"T SgIFVM

5Z H}Y VwIF5G SZTF\ JS"SF0" 5âlT äFZF VwIIG SZJFDF\ JWFZ[ l;lâ 5|F%T Y. CTLP

;FZ6L &P!!;FZ6L &P!!;FZ6L &P!!;FZ6L &P!!;FZ6L &P!!CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4

l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<I

H }YH }YH }YH }YH }Y ;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF ;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL 5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G tvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<I

5|FIMlUS 5_ #$P&Z #P!5

sCAIf!*P($)··

lGI\l+T 5_ !(P)Z 5P#&

sjIFbIFG 5âlTf

··_P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S

;FZ6L &P!! G\] VJ,MSG SZTF\ H6FI K[ S[4 5|IMU NZdIFG 5|FIMlUS H}Y sCAIf GF 5_

S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL l;lâ S;M8LGF 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL #$P&Z VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G #P!5 CTF\

HIFZ[ lGI\l+T H}Y sjIFbIFG 5âlTf GF 5_ S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL l;lâ S;M8LGF 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL

!(P)Z VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G 5P#& CTFP ;ZF;ZL 5|F%TF\SM JrR[GF TOFJTMG\] 8LvD}<I !*P($)

CT\]P H[ ZP5( SZTF\ JW] CT\]P VFD4 8LvD}<I _P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S CT\]P

VFYL VeIF;GL X}gI ptS<5GFv!5 cc5|IMUG[ V\T[ CAI SFI"S|D âFZF VeIF; SZTF 5|FIMlUS

H}Yv!GF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX

X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlTYL VeIF; SZTF\ lGI\l+T H}YGF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ

Page 133: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

118 118 118 118 118

CMIcc GM V:JLSFZ YIM CTMP V[8,[ S[ 5|FIMlUS H}Y VG[ lGI\l+T H}YGF\ ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ

5|F%TF\SM JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT CTMP H[ 5|FIMlUS H}YGL TZO[6DF\ CTMP VFYL SCL XSFI S[ Sd%I}8Z

V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf SFI"S|D VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlTDF\YL Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf

SFI"S|D V;ZSFZS CTMP

&PZP#PZ&PZP#PZ&PZP#PZ&PZP#PZ&PZP#PZ JS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGLJS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGLJS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGLJS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGLJS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL

;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P!Z DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P!Z DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P!Z DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P!Z DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P!Z DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[P

;FZ6L &P!Z;FZ6L &P!Z;FZ6L &P!Z;FZ6L &P!Z;FZ6L &P!ZJS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4JS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4JS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4JS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4JS"SF0" äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4

l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<I

H }YH }YH }YH }YH }Y ;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF ;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL 5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G tvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<I

5|FIMlUS 5_ #_P#_ 5P)Z)

sJS"SF0"f!_P_&5··

lGI\l+T 5_ !(P)Z 5P#&$

sjIFbIFG 5âlTf

··_P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S

;FZ6L &P!Z G\] VJ,MSG SZTF\ H6FI K[ S[4 5|IMU NZdIFG 5|FIMlUS H}Y sJS"SF0"f GF 5_

S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL l;lâ S;M8LGF 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL #_P#_ VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G 5P)Z) CTF\

HIFZ[ lGI\l+T H}Y sjIFbIFG 5âlTf GF 5_ S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL l;lâ S;M8LGF 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL

!(P)Z VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G 5P#&$ CTFP ;ZF;ZL 5|F%TF\SM JrR[GF TOFJTMG\] 8LvD}<I !_P_&5

CT\]P H[ ZP5( SZTF\ JW] CT\]P VFD4 8LvD}<I _P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S CT\]P

VFYL VeIF;GL X}gI ptS<5GFv!& cc5|IMUG[ V\T[ JS"SF0" âFZF VeIF; SZTF 5|FIMlUS

H}YvZGF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX

X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlTYL VeIF; SZTF\ lGI\l+T H}YGF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ

CMIcc GM V:JLSFZ YIM CTMP V[8,[ S[ 5|FIMlUS H}Y VG[ lGI\l+T H}YGF\ ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ

5|F%TF\SM JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT CTMP H[ 5|FIMlUS H}YGL TZO[6DF\ CTMP VFYL SCL XSFI S[ JS"SF0" VG[

jIFbIFG 5âlTDF\YL JS"SF0" 5âlT V;ZSFZS CTLP

Page 134: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

119 119 119 119 119

;FZ6L &P!#;FZ6L &P!#;FZ6L &P!#;FZ6L &P!#;FZ6L &P!#H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4

l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ l;lâ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<I

H }YH }YH }YH }YH }Y ;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF;\bIF ;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL;ZF;ZL 5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G5|DF6lJR,G tvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<IvD}<I

5|FIMlUS 5_ Z5P)& *P)5)

sH}Y VwIF5Gf5P!(*··

lGI\l+T 5_ !(P)Z 5P#&$

sjIFbIFG 5âlTf

··_P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S

&PZP#P#&PZP#P#&PZP#P#&PZP#P#&PZP#P# H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S ]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâH}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S ]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâH}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S ]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâH}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S ]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâH}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[, S ]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL ;\bIF4 l;lâ

5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL4 5|DF6lJR,G VG[ tvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P!# DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P!# DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P!# DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P!# DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[PvD}<IGL U6TZL ;FZ6L &P!# DF\ ZH} SZ[, K[P

;FZ6L &P!# G\] VJ,MSG SZTF\ H6FI K[ S[4 5|IMU NZdIFG 5|FIMlUS H}Y sH}Y VwIF5GfGF

5_ S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL l;lâ S;M8LGF 5|F%TF\SMGL ;ZF;ZL Z5P)& VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G *P)5)

CTF\ HIFZ[ lGI\l+T H}Y sjIFbIFG 5âlTf GF 5_ S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL l;lâ S;M8LGF 5|F%TF\SMGL

;ZF;ZL !(P)Z VG[ 5|DF6lJR,G 5P#&$ CTFP ;ZF;ZL 5|F%TF\SM JrR[GF TOFJTMG\] 8LvD}<I

5P!(* CT\]P H[ ZP5( SZTF\ JW] CT\]P VFD4 8LvD}<I _P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S CT\]P

VFYL VeIF;GL X}gI ptS<5GFv!* cc5|IMUG[ V\T[ H}Y VwIF5G âFZF VeIF; SZTF\

5|FIMlUS H}Yv#GF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L

5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlTYL VeIF; SZTF\ lGI\l+T H}YGF S]DFZM VG[

SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[

;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIcc GM V:JLSFZ YIM CTMP V[8,[ S[ 5|FIMlUS H}Y VG[ lGI\l+T H}YGF\ ;Z[ZFX

X{1Fl6S l;lâ 5|F%TF\SM JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT CTMP H[ 5|FIMlUS H}YGL TZO[6DF\ CTMP VFYL SCL XSFI S[

H}Y VwIF5G VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlTDF\YL H}Y VwIF5G 5âlT V;ZSFZS CTLP

Page 135: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

120 120 120 120 120

;FZ6L &P!$;FZ6L &P!$;FZ6L &P!$;FZ6L &P!$;FZ6L &P!$

S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMG\] lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMG\] lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMG\] lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMG\] lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMG\] lJRZ6 5'YÞZ6

! 5âlTVM SSMs Z !(*$P()# )##P$$*

Z H}Y V\TU"T SSWg !$* 5#!ZPZ__ #&P!#* Z5P)$!··

# S], SST !$) *!(*P_)#

S|DS |DS |DS |DS |D R,GM pNŸEJR,GM pNŸEJR,GM pNŸEJR,GM pNŸEJR,GM pNŸEJ df JUM"GF ;ZJF/F JUM"GF ;ZJF/F JUM"GF ;ZJF/F JUM"GF ;ZJF/F JUM"GF ;ZJF/F SS lJRZ6lJRZ6lJRZ6lJRZ6lJRZ6 F

··_P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S

;FZ6L &P!$ ;}RJ[ K[ S[ H]NLvH]NL 5âlTVM SSMs DF8[ df = K - ! = # v ! = Z HIF\ K

= H}YGL ;\bIF TYF H}Y V\TU"T SSWg DF8[ df = N - K = !5_ v # = !$* YFIP S], JUM"GM

;ZJF/M SST = *!(*P_)# T[GF DF8[G\] df = !$) YFI K[P ;ZF;ZLVM JrR[GM JUM"GM ;ZJF/M

SSMs = !(*$P()# YIMP T[YL V\TU"T H}YGM ;ZJF/M SSWg = SST - SSMs = 5#!ZPZ

YFIP H]NLvH]NL 5âlTVM JrR[G\] lJRZ6 )##P$$* TYF H}Y V\TU"T lJRZ6 #&P!#* K[ T[DH

F U]6M¿ZG\] D}<I Z5P)$! K[P

;FZ6L &P!$ 5ZYL SCL XSFI S[ F U]6M¿ZG\] D}<I Z5P)$! K[P H[ $P(( SZTF\ JW] CMJFYL

_P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S K[P VFYL VeIF;GL X}gI ptS<5GFv!( cc5|IMUGF V\T[ CAI SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0"

VG[ H}Y VwIF5GGF VD,LSZ6 AFNGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGF

S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGF X{1Fl6S l;lâ 5|F%TF\SM JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIcc V[8,[ S[ +6[I 5âlTVMGL

;ZF;ZLVM JrR[GM TOFJT ;FY"S K[P tIFZ AFN S. S. 5âlTVMGL ;ZF;ZLVM JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT K[

T[ HF6JF DF8[ 8LvU]6M¿Z J0[ RSF;6L H~ZL CTLP VF DF8[ ;ZF;ZLGF TOFJTGL 5|DF6E}, XMWJF

DF8[ GLR[GF ;}+GM p5IMU SZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP

SED = SDW 1

+ 1

N1 N2

SDW = VWg

= #&P!#* = &P_!VCÄ4

SED = &P_! !

+ !

5_ 5_SED = s&P_!f s_PZfSED = !PZ_

&PZP#P$&PZP#P$&PZP#P$&PZP#P$&PZP#P$ S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGF ;\NE"DF\ VwIF5G 5âlTVM 5|tI[GF 5|F%TF\SMG\ ] lJRZ6S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGF ;\NE"DF\ VwIF5G 5âlTVM 5|tI[GF 5|F%TF\SMG\ ] lJRZ6S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGF ;\NE"DF\ VwIF5G 5âlTVM 5|tI[GF 5|F%TF\SMG\ ] lJRZ6S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGF ;\NE"DF\ VwIF5G 5âlTVM 5|tI[GF 5|F%TF\SMG\ ] lJRZ6S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGF ;\NE"DF\ VwIF5G 5âlTVM 5|tI[GF 5|F%TF\SMG\ ] lJRZ6

5'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ65'YÞZ6

HIF\

SED = ;ZF;ZLGF TOFJTGL 5|DF6E},

SDW = V\TU"T H}Y 5|DF6lJR,G

N1, N2 = A\G[ H}YGF lGNX"GL ;\bIF

Page 136: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

121 121 121 121 121

&PZP#P5&PZP#P5&PZP#P5&PZP#P5&PZP#P5 S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM CAI SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[

H}Y VwIF5G 5|DF6[ TOFJTP H}Y VwIF5G 5|DF6[ TOFJTP H}Y VwIF5G 5|DF6[ TOFJTP H}Y VwIF5G 5|DF6[ TOFJTP H}Y VwIF5G 5|DF6[ TOFJTP 5âlTVM 5|DF6[ S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISG[ VFWFZ[

V,UvV,U 5âlTVMGF DwISGM TOFJT XMWJFDF\ VFjIMP H[GL ZH}VFT ;FZ6L &P!5 DF\

NXF"JJFDF\ VFJ[,L K[P

;FZ6L &P!5;FZ6L &P!5;FZ6L &P!5;FZ6L &P!5;FZ6L &P!5

S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGF 5|F%TF\SMGF DwISGM 5âlTVM CAI

SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5|DF6[ TOFJTSFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5|DF6[ TOFJTSFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5|DF6[ TOFJTSFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5|DF6[ TOFJTSFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5|DF6[ TOFJT

5âlT5âlT5âlT5âlT5âlT CAI SFI"S|D SFI"S|D SFI"S|D SFI"S|D SFI"S|D JS"SF0 "JS"SF0 "JS"SF0 "JS"SF0 "JS"SF0 " H}Y VwIF5GH}Y VwIF5GH}Y VwIF5GH}Y VwIF5GH}Y VwIF5G

JS"SF0" #P&_·· v v

H}Y VwIF5G *PZZ·· #P&Z·· v

··_P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S

V\TU"T H}Y DF8[ df = !$* K[P ;FZ6LvC DF\ df = !$* DF8[

_P_5 = !P)( X SED = !P)( X !PZ_ = ZP#(

_P_! = ZP&5 X SED = ZP&5 X !PZ_ = #P!(

VFD _P_5 S1FFV[ ;FY"S YJF DF8[ DwISGM TOFJT ZP#( TYF _P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S YJF DF8[

DwISGM TOFJT #P!( CMJM VFJxIS K[P

;FZ6L &P!5 5ZYL SCL XSFI S[ CAI SFI"S|D VG[ JS"SF0"GF DwISM JrR[GM TOFJT #P&_

K[P H[ #P!( SZTF\ JW] CMJFYL _P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S K[P VFYL X}gI ptS<5GFv!) cc5|IMUG[ V\T[

CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}Yv!GF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH

lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ JS"SF0" äFZF VeIF; SZTF 5|FIMlUS

H}YvZGF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX

X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIcc GM V:JLSFZ YIM CTMP VYF"T S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVM 5Z

JS"SF0" SZTF\ CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VwIIG SZJFDF\ JWFZ[ l;lâ 5|F%T Y. CTLP

;FZ6L &P!5 5ZYL SCL XSFI S[ S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGF CAI SFI"S|D VG[ H}Y VwIF5GGF

DwISM JrR[GM TOFJT *PZZ K[ H[ #P!( SZTF\ JW] CMJFYL _P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S K[P VFYL X}gI

ptS<5GFvZ_ cc5|IMUG[ V\T[ CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}Yv!GF S]DFZM VG[

SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[

H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VeIF; SZTF 5|FIMlUS H}Yv#GF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH

lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIcc GM V:JLSFZ

YIM CTMP VYF"T S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVM 5Z H}Y VwIF5G SZTF\ CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G SZJFDF\

JWFZ[ l;lâ 5|F%T Y. CTLP

Page 137: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

122 122 122 122 122

S\. SCLS\. SCLS\. SCLS\. SCLS\. SCLXS\] GCÄXS\] GCÄXS\] GCÄXS\] GCÄXS\] GCÄ

S |DS |DS |DS |DS |D lJUTlJUTlJUTlJUTlJUT ;\DT;\DT;\DT;\DT;\DT V;\DTV;\DTV;\DTV;\DTV;\DT

;FZ6L &P!&;FZ6L &P!&;FZ6L &P!&;FZ6L &P!&;FZ6L &P!&

Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D V\U[ S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMV[Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D V\U[ S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMV[Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D V\U[ S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMV[Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D V\U[ S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMV[Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D V\U[ S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMV[

NXF"J[, VlE5|FIMGL VFJ'l¿VM VG[ NXF"J[, VlE5|FIMGL VFJ'l¿VM VG[ NXF"J[, VlE5|FIMGL VFJ'l¿VM VG[ NXF"J[, VlE5|FIMGL VFJ'l¿VM VG[ NXF"J[, VlE5|FIMGL VFJ'l¿VM VG[ χχχχχ² D}<I D}<I D}<I D}<I D}<I

χχχχχ²

! ALHM lJQFI 56 VF 5âlTYL XLBJM UD[P $$ _5 _! &*P&(··

Z VF 5âlTYL lJQFI ;DHJM V3ZM 50[ K[P __ !_ $_ 5!P))··

# VF 5âlTYL XLB[,\] IFN ZFBJ\] D]xS[, K[P _# _5 $Z 5*P(&··

$ VF 5âlTYL XLBJFDF\ S\8F/M VFJ[ K[P _# _5 $Z 5*P(&··

5 VF 5âlTYL XLBJFDF\ V[SFU|TF JW[ K[P $& _$ __ **P)_··

& XLBJFGL VF 5âlT ;FDFgI lX1F6 5âlT

SZTF\ JW] Z;5|N K[P $# _* __ &#P(&··

* VF 5âlTYL XLBTL JBT[ U\ELZTF H/JFTL GYLP _$ _( #( $!P$#··

( VF 5âlTYL XLBTL JBT[ TF6 q AMH ZC[ K[P _) !_ #! !(P5!··

) VF 5âlTYL HFT[ V[S,F 56 XLBL XSFIP $_ _# _* $)P$*··

!_ SIFZ[S SIFZ[S VF 5âlTYL XLBJ\] UD[P #5 $( _* #_PZ*··

··_P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S V5[l1FT VFJ'l¿ fe = !&P&* df = Z

;FZ6L &P!5 5ZYL SCL XSFI S[ S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGF JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5GGF DwISM

JrR[GM TOFJT #P&Z K[4 H[ #P!( SZTF\ JW] CMJFYL _P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S K[P VFYL SCL XSFI S[ X}gI

ptS<5GFvZ! cc5|IMUG[ V\T[ JS"SF0" äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}YvZGF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ H}Y VwIF5G

äFZF VeIF; SZTF 5|FIMlUS H}Yv#GF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T

l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIcc GM V:JLSFZ YIM CTMP

VYF"T S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVM 5Z H}Y VwIF5G SZTF\ JS"SF0" SFI"S|D äFZF VwIIG SZJFDF\ JWFZ[ l;lâ

5|F%T Y. CTLP

;FZ6L &P!& G\] VJ,MSG SZTF\ H6FI K[ S[ AWF H lJWFGMGF SF.JU" D}<IM _P_! S1FFV[

;FY"S YJF DF8[GF\ ;FZ6L D}<IM !!P#5 SZTF\ êRF CTF\P V[8,[ S[ VF lJWFGMGF\ SF.JU" D}<IM _P_!

S1FFV[ ;FY"S CTFP

Page 138: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

123 123 123 123 123

VFD4 lJWFGMGL HMJF D/[,L VFJ'l¿G[ VFWFZ[ SCL XSFI S[ lJnFYL"VMG[ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0

.g:8=SXG SFI"S|DYLPPPPP

!P ALHF lJQFIM 56 XLBJF UD[ K[P

ZP lJQFI ;DHJM V3ZM 50TM GYLP

#P XLB[,\] IFN ZFBJ\] D]xS[, GYLP

$P XLBJFDF\ S\8F/M VFJTM GYLP

5P XLBJFDF\ V[SFU|TF JW[ H K[P

&P XLBJFGL ;FDFgI 5âlT SZTF\ VF 5âlT JW] Z;5|N K[P

*P XLBTL JBT[ U\ELZTF H/JFI K[P

(P XLBTL JBT[ TF6 S[ AMH ZC[TM GYLP

)P VF 5âlTYL HFT[ V[S,F 56 XLBL XSFIP

!_P SIFZ[S SIFZ[S VF 5âlTYL XLBJ\] UD[P

CJ[ 5KLGF 5|SZ6DF\ ;FZF\X4 TFZ6M4 Ol,TFYM" VG[ E,FD6M ZH} SZ[, K[P

Page 139: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

124 124 124 124 1245|SZ6 v *5|SZ6 v *5|SZ6 v *5|SZ6 v *5|SZ6 v *

;FZF\X4 TFZ6M4 Ol,TFYM" VG[ E,FD6M;FZF\X4 TFZ6M4 Ol,TFYM" VG[ E,FD6M;FZF\X4 TFZ6M4 Ol,TFYM" VG[ E,FD6M;FZF\X4 TFZ6M4 Ol,TFYM" VG[ E,FD6M;FZF\X4 TFZ6M4 Ol,TFYM" VG[ E,FD6M

*P_*P_*P_*P_*P_ 5|F:TFlJS5|F:TFlJS5|F:TFlJS5|F:TFlJS5|F:TFlJS

5|:T]T 5|SZ6DF\ ;DU| VeIF; SFI"GM ;FZF\X4 ptS<5GFGF ;\NE"DF\ VY"38GM4 DFlCTLG\]

5'YÞZ6 SZLG[ D[/J[, 5lZ6FDM 5ZYL TFZJ[, TFZ6M4 VeIF;GL GL5HM4 X{1Fl6S Ol,TFYM" VG[

EFlJ ;\XMWGM V\U[GL E,FD6MGL ZH}VFT SZJFDF\ VFJL K[P

*P!*P!*P!*P!*P! VeIF;GM ;FZF\XVeIF;GM ;FZF\XVeIF;GM ;FZF\XVeIF;GM ;FZF\XVeIF;GM ;FZF\X

5|IMHS[ 5|:T]T ;\XMWGDF\ XLQF"SG[ VF 5|DF6[ XaNAâ SZ[,P

cclJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y

VwIF5G 5âlTGL V;ZSFZSTFccP

5|:T]T VeIF;GM C[T] Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D sCAIf4 JS"SF0"4 H}Y VwIF5G VG[

jIFbIFG 5âlT äFZF VwIF5G SFI" SZL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIDF\ X{1Fl6S l;lâ 5Z T[GL

V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JFGM CTMP

VF C[T] l;â SZJF DF8[ VeIF;DF\ ZFHSM8 XC[ZGL zL DF;}D lJnF,I VG[ zL 5\RXL,

lJnF,I XF/FVMDF\ WMZ6 GJDF\ VeIF; SZTF\ lJnFYL"VMG[ 5;\N SZJFDF\ VFjIF\ CTF\P VF A\G[

XF/F ;C[T]S 5;\N SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP VeIF; DF8[ H}YMGL 5;\NUL VG[ T[ H}YM DF8[ 5âlTVMGL

5;\NUL IF¹lrKSZ6YL SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL l;lâGF DF5G DF8[ 5|IMU AFN lJ7FG VG[

8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L VF5JFDF\ VFJL CTLP p5SZ6M 5ZYL 5|F%T DFlCTL V\TZF,

DF5 5âlTDF\ CTLP RFZ H}YM IF¹lrKS 5F+M DF+ p¿Z S;M8L 5|IMU IMHGFGM VD, SZJFDF\

VFjIM CTMP 5|F%T YI[, DFlCTLG\] 5'YÞZ6 8LvS;M8L VG[ V[OvS;M8L äFZF SZ[, CT\]P T[G[ VFWFZ[

ptS<5GFGL RSF;6L SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP

*PZ*PZ*PZ*PZ*PZ ptS<5GFGF ;\NE"DF\ VY"38GptS<5GFGF ;\NE"DF\ VY"38GptS<5GFGF ;\NE"DF\ VY"38GptS<5GFGF ;\NE"DF\ VY"38GptS<5GFGF ;\NE"DF\ VY"38G

5|:T]T ;\XMWGDF\ VeIF;GL X~VFTDF\ ZRJFDF\ VFJ[, V[SJL; X}gI ptS<5GFVMGL 5|IMUGF

;\NE"DF\ RSF;6L SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP

Page 140: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

125 125 125 125 125

ptS<5GFv! cc5|IMUG[ V\T[ CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}Yv!GF S]DFZMGL

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ jIFbIFG

5âlTYL VeIF; SZTF\ lGI\l+T H}YGF S]DFZMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ

S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIPcc VF ptS<5GFGL RSF;6L DF8[

D/[, 8LvD}<I !!P#5) CT\]P H[ _P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S CT\]P T[YL X}gI ptS<5GFGM V:JLSFZ YIM

CTMP VF 5ZYL Ol,T YFI K[ S[ A\G[ H}YMGF S]DFZMGL l;lâ 5Z ;DFG V;Z G CTLP

ptS<5GFvZ cc5|IMUG[ V\T[ JS"SF0" äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}YvZGF S]DFZMGL lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlTYL

VeIF; SZTF\ lGI\l+T H}YGF S]DFZMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL

;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIPcc VF ptS<5GFGL RSF;6L DF8[ D/[, 8LvD}<I

*P$$ CT\] H[ _P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S CT\]P T[YL X}gI ptS<5GFGM V:JLSFZ YIM CTMP VF 5ZYL Ol,T

YFI K[ S[ A\G[ H}YMGF S]DFZMGL l;lâ 5Z ;DFG V;Z G CTLP

ptS<5GFv# cc5|IMUG[ V\T[ H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}Yv#GF S]DFZMGL

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ jIFbIFG

5âlTYL VeIF; SZTF\ lGI\l+T H}YGF S]DFZMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ

S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIPcc VF ptS<5GFGL RSF;6L DF8[

D/[, 8LvD}<I $PZ*) CT\] H[ _P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S CT\]P T[YL X}gI ptS<5GFGM V:JLSFZ YIM CTMP

VF 5ZYL Ol,T YFI K[ S[ A\G[ H}YMGF S]DFZMGL l;lâ 5Z ;DFG V;Z G CTLP

ptS<5GFv$ cc5|IMUGF V\T[ CAI SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5GGF VD,LSZ6 AFNGF

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGF S]DFZMGF X{1Fl6S l;lâ 5|F%TF\SM JrR[

;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIPcc VF ptS<5GFGL RSF;6L DF8[ D/[, V[O D}<I (P_5* CT\]P H[ D}<I

_P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S CT\]P T[YL VF ptS<5GFGM V:JLSFZ YIM CTMP VF 5ZYL Ol,T YFI K[ S[ +6[I

H}YMGF S]DFZMGL l;lâ 5Z ;DFG V;Z G CTLP

ptS<5GFv5 cc5|IMUGF\ V\T[ CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}Yv! GF S]DFZMGL

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ JS"SF0" äFZF

VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}YvZGF S]DFZMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L

5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIPcc VF ptS<5GFGL RSF;6L DF8[ D/[,

DwISGM TOFJT ZP5Z CTMP H[ D}<I _P_5 S1FFV[ ;FY"S G CT\]P T[YL VF ptS<5GFGM :JLSFZ YIM

CTMP VF 5ZYL Ol,T YFI K[ S[ A\G[ H}YMGF S]DFZMGL l;lâ 5Z ;DFG V;Z CTLP

Page 141: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

126 126 126 126 126

ptS<5GFv& cc5|IMUGF\ V\T[ CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}Yv! GF S]DFZMGL

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ H}Y VwIF5G

äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}Yv#GF S]DFZMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ

S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIPcc VF ptS<5GFGL RSF;6L DF8[

D/[, DwISGM TOFJT #P)( CTMP H[ D}<I _P_5 S1FFV[ ;FY"S CT\]P T[YL VF ptS<5GFGM V:JLSFZ

YIM CTMP VF 5ZYL Ol,T YFI K[ S[ A\G[ H}YMGF S]DFZMGL l;lâ 5Z ;DFG V;Z G CTLP

ptS<5GFv* cc5|IMUGF\ V\T[ JS"SF0" äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}YvZ GF S]DFZMGL lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ H}Y VwIF5G äFZF

VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}Yv#GF S]DFZMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L

5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIPcc VF ptS<5GFGL RSF;6L DF8[ D/[,

DwISGM TOFJT !P$& CTMP H[ _P_5 S1FFV[ ;FY"S G CT\]P T[YL VF ptS<5GFGM :JLSFZ YIM CTMP

VF 5ZYL Ol,T YFI K[ S[ A\G[ H}YMGF S]DFZMGL l;lâ 5Z ;DFG V;Z CTLP

ptS<5GFv( cc5|IMUG[ V\T[ CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VeIF; SZTL 5|FIMlUS H}Yv!GL SgIFVMGL

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ jIFbIFG

5âlTYL VeIF; SZTL lGI\l+T H}YGL SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ

S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIPcc VF ptS<5GFGL RSF;6L DF8[

D/[, 8LvD}<I !$P_!Z CT\]P H[ _P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S CT\]P T[YL VF ptS<5GFGM V:JLSFZ YIM CTMP

VF 5ZYL Ol,T YFI K[ S[ A\G[ H}YMGL SgIFVMGL l;lâ 5Z ;DFG V;Z G CTLP

ptS<5GFv) cc5|IMUG[ V\T[ JS"SF0" äFZF VeIF; SZTL 5|FIMlUS H}YvZGL SgIFVMGL lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlTYL

VeIF; SZTL lGI\l+T H}YGL SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL

;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIPcc VF ptS<5GFGL RSF;6L DF8[ D/[, 8LvD}<I

&P(#& CT\]P H[ _P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S CT\]P T[YL VF ptS<5GFGM V:JLSFZ YIM CTMP VF 5ZYL Ol,T

YFI K[ S[ A\G[ H}YMGL SgIFVMGL l;lâ 5Z ;DFG V;Z G CTLP

ptS<5GFv!_ cc5|IMUG[ V\T[ H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VeIF; SZTL 5|FIMlUS H}Yv#GL SgIFVMGL

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ jIFbIFG

5âlTYL VeIF; SZTL lGI\l+T H}YGL SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ

S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIPcc VF ptS<5GFGL RSF;6L DF8[

D/[, 8LvD}<I #P_$* CT\]P H[ D}<I _P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S CT\]P T[YL VF ptS<5GFGM V:JLSFZ YIM

CTMP VF 5ZYL Ol,T YFI K[ S[ A\G[ H}YMGL SgIFVMGL l;lâ 5Z ;DFG V;Z G CTLP

Page 142: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

127 127 127 127 127

ptS<5GFv!! cc5|IMUGF V\T[ CAI SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5GGF VD,LSZ6 AFNGF

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGF SgIFVMGF X{1Fl6S l;lâ 5|F%TF\SM JrR[

;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIPcc VF ptS<5GFGL RSF;6L DF8[ D/[, V[O D}<I !)PZ$5 CT\]P H[ D}<I

_P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S CT\]P T[YL VF ptS<5GFGM V:JLSFZ YIM CTMP VF 5ZYL Ol,T YFI K[ S[ +6[I

H}YMGL SgIFVMGL l;lâ 5Z ;DFG V;Z G CTLP

ptS<5GFv!Z cc5|IMUGF\ V\T[ CAI äFZF VeIF; SZTL 5|FIMlUS H}Yv! GL SgIFVMGL lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ JS"SF0" äFZF VeIF;

SZTL 5|FIMlUS H}YvZGL SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL

;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIPcc VF ptS<5GFGL RSF;6L DF8[ D/[, DwISGM

TOFJT ZP5) CTMP H[ D}<I _P_5 S1FFV[ ;FY"S G CT\]P T[YL VF ptS<5GFGM :JLSFZ YIM CTMP VF

5ZYL Ol,T YFI K[ S[ A\G[ H}YMGL SgIFVMGL l;lâ 5Z ;DFG V;Z CTLP

ptS<5GFv!# cc5|IMUGF\ V\T[ CAI äFZF VeIF; SZTL 5|FIMlUS H}Yv! GL SgIFVMGL lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ H}Y VwIF5G äFZF

VeIF; SZTL 5|FIMlUS H}Yv#GL SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L

5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIPcc VF ptS<5GFGL RSF;6L DF8[ D/[,

8LvD}<I &P!( CT\]P H[ _P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S CT\]P T[YL X}gI ptS<5GFGM V:JLSFZ YIM CTMP VF

5ZYL Ol,T YFI K[ S[ A\G[ H}YMGL SgIFVMGL l;lâ 5Z ;DFG V;Z G CTLP

ptS<5GFv!$ cc5|IMUGF\ V\T[ JS"SF0" äFZF VeIF; SZTL 5|FIMlUS H}YvZ GL SgIFVMGL

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[ H}Y VwIF5G

äFZF VeIF; SZTL 5|FIMlUS H}Yv#GL SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ

S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIPcc VF ptS<5GFGL RSF;6L DF8[

D/[, 8LvD}<I #P5) CT\]P H[ _P_5 S1FFV[ ;FY"S CT\]P T[YL X}gI ptS<5GFGM V:JLSFZ YIM CTMP

VF 5ZYL Ol,T YFI K[ S[ A\G[ H}YMGL SgIFVMGL l;lâ 5Z ;DFG V;Z G CTLP

ptS<5GFv!5 cc5|IMUG[ V\T[ CAI äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}Yv!GF S]DFZM VG[

SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[

jIFbIFG 5âlTYL VeIF; SZTF lGI\l+T H}YGF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL

5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIPcc VF ptS<5GFGL

RSF;6L DF8[ D/[, 8LvD}<I !*P($) CT\]P H[ _P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S CT\]P T[YL X}gI ptS<5GFGM

V:JLSFZ YIM CTMP VF 5ZYL Ol,T YFI K[ S[ A\G[ H}YMGF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL l;lâ 5Z ;DFG

V;Z G CTLP

Page 143: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

128 128 128 128 128

ptS<5GFv!& cc5|IMUG[ V\T[ JS"SF0" äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}YvZGF S]DFZM VG[

SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[

jIFbIFG 5âlTYL VeIF; SZTF lGI\l+T H}YGF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL

5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIPcc VF ptS<5GFGL

RSF;6L DF8[ D/[, 8LvD}<I !_P_&5 CT\]P H[ D}<I _P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S CT\]P T[YL X}gI ptS<5GFGM

V:JLSFZ YIM CTMP VF 5ZYL Ol,T YFI K[ S[ A\G[ H}YMGF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL l;lâ 5Z ;DFG

V;Z G CTLP

ptS<5GFv!* cc5|IMUG[ V\T[ H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}Yv#GF S]DFZM

VG[ SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ

VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlTYL VeIF; SZTF lGI\l+T H}YGF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH

lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIPcc VF

ptS<5GFGL RSF;6L DF8[ D/[, 8LvD}<I 5P!(* CT\]P H[ D}<I _P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S CT\]P T[YL X}gI

ptS<5GFGM V:JLSFZ YIM CTMP VF 5ZYL Ol,T YFI K[ S[ A\G[ H}YMGF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL l;lâ

5Z ;DFG V;Z G CTLP

ptS<5GFv!( cc5|IMUGF V\T[ CAI SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5GGF VD,LSZ6 AFNGF

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGF X{1Fl6S l;lâ

5|F%TF\SM JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIPcc VF ptS<5GFGL RSF;6L DF8[ D/[, V[O D}<I Z5P)$!

CT\]P H[ D}<I _P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S CT\]P T[YL X}gI ptS<5GFGM V:JLSFZ YIM CTMP VF 5ZYL Ol,T

YFI K[ S[ +6[I H}YMGF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL l;lâ 5Z ;DFG V;Z G CTLP

ptS<5GFv!) cc5|IMUG[ V\T[ CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}Yv!GF S]DFZM

VG[ SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ

VG[ JS"SF0" äFZF VeIF; SZTF 5|FIMlUS H}YvZGF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH

lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIPcc VF

ptS<5GFGL RSF;6L DF8[ D/[, 8LvD}<I #P&_ CT\]P H[ D}<I _P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S CT\]P T[YL X}gI

ptS<5GFGM V:JLSFZ YIM CTMP VF 5ZYL Ol,T YFI K[ S[ A\G[ H}YMGF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL l;lâ

5Z ;DFG V;Z G CTLP

ptS<5GFvZ_ cc5|IMUG[ V\T[ CAI SFI"S|D äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}Yv!GF S]DFZM

VG[ SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ

VG[ H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VeIF; SZTF 5|FIMlUS H}Yv#GF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[

Page 144: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

129 129 129 129 129

8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIPcc

VF ptS<5GFGL RSF;6L DF8[ D/[, 8LvD}<I *PZZ CT\]P H[ D}<I _P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S CT\]P T[YL X}gI

ptS<5GFGM V:JLSFZ YIM CTMP VF 5ZYL Ol,T YFI K[ S[ A\G[ H}YMGF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL l;lâ

5Z ;DFG V;Z G CTLP

ptS<5GFvZ! cc5|IMUG[ V\T[ JS"SF0" äFZF VeIF; SZTF\ 5|FIMlUS H}YvZGF S]DFZM VG[

SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ VG[

H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VeIF; SZTF 5|FIMlUS H}Yv#GF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH

lJQFIGL 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L 5ZGL ;Z[ZFX X{1Fl6S l;lâ JrR[ ;FY"S TOFJT GCÄ CMIPcc VF

ptS<5GFGL RSF;6L DF8[ D/[, 8LvD}<I #P&Z CT\]P H[ D}<I _P_! S1FFV[ ;FY"S CT\]P T[YL X}gI

ptS<5GFGM V:JLSFZ YIM CTMP VF 5ZYL Ol,T YFI K[ S[ A\G[ H}YMGF S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL l;lâ

5Z ;DFG V;Z G CTLP

*P#*P#*P#*P#*P# ;\XMWGGF TFZ6M;\XMWGGF TFZ6M;\XMWGGF TFZ6M;\XMWGGF TFZ6M;\XMWGGF TFZ6M

5|:T]T ;\XMWGDF\ 5|IMUGF ;\NE"DF\ X}gI ptS<5GFGL RSF;6L S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMGL lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâGF DF5G DF8[ SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP T[GF 5ZYL VF 5|DF6[GF TFZ6M 5|F%T

YIF CTFP

!P Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf SFI"S|D VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlT äFZF VwIF5G S]DFZMDF\ lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâDF\ ;DFG V;ZSFZS G CT\]P jIFbIFG 5âlT SZTF\ CAI SFI"S|D äFZF

YI[, VwIF5GDF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ êRL HMJF D/L CTLP

ZP JS"SF0" VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlT äFZF VwIF5G S]DFZMDF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâDF\ ;DFG

V;ZSFZS G CT\]P jIFbIFG 5âlT SZTF\ JS"SF0" äFZF YI[, VwIF5GDF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH

l;lâ êRL HMJF D/L CTLP

#P H}Y VwIF5G VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlT äFZF VwIF5G S]DFZMDF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâDF\

;DFG ZLT[ V;ZSFZS G CT\]P jIFbIFG 5âlT SZTF\ H}Y VwIF5G äFZF YI[, VwIF5GDF\

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ êRL HMJF D/L CTLP

$P Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G S]DFZMDF\

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâDF\ ;DFG ZLT[ V;ZSFZS G CT\]P V[8,[ S[ +6[I 5âlTVMGL

V;ZSFZSTF ;DFG G CTLP

Page 145: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

130 130 130 130 130

5P Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf SFI"S|D VG[ JS"SF0" 5âlT äFZF VwIF5G S]DFZMDF\ lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâDF\ ;DFG ZLT[ V;ZSFZS CT\]P JS"SF0" 5âlT VG[ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG

sCAIf SFI"S|D äFZF YI[, VwIF5GDF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ ;DFG HMJF D/L CTLP

&P Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf SFI"S|D VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlT äFZF VwIF5G S]DFZMDF\

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâDF\ ;DFG ZLT[ V;ZSFZS G CT\]P H}Y VwIF5G 5âlT SZTF\ Sd%I}8Z

V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf SFI"S|D äFZF YI[, VwIF5GDF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ êRL

HMJF D/L CTLP

*P JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlT äFZF VwIF5G S]DFZMDF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâDF\

;DFG ZLT[ V;ZSFZS CT\]P JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlT äFZF YI[, VwIF5GDF\ lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ ;DFG HMJF D/L CTLP

(P Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf SFI"S|D VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlT äFZF VwIF5G SgIFVMDF\

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâDF\ ;DFG V;ZSFZS G CT\]P jIFbIFG 5âlT SZTF\ CAI SFI"S|D

äFZF YI[, VwIF5GDF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ êRL HMJF D/L CTLP

)P JS"SF0" VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlT äFZF VwIF5G SgIFVMDF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâDF\ ;DFG

V;ZSFZS G CT\]P jIFbIFG 5âlT SZTF\ JS"SF0" äFZF YI[, VwIF5GDF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH

l;lâ êRL HMJF D/L CTLP

!_P H}Y VwIF5G VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlT äFZF VwIF5G SgIFVMDF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâDF\

;DFG ZLT[ V;ZSFZS G CT\]P jIFbIFG 5âlT SZTF\ H}Y VwIF5G äFZF YI[, VwIF5GDF\

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ êRL HMJF D/L CTLP

!!P Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G SgIFVMDF\

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâDF\ ;DFG ZLT[ V;ZSFZS G CT\]P V[8,[ S[ +6[I 5âlTVMGL

V;ZSFZSTF ;DFG G CTLP

!ZP Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf SFI"S|D VG[ JS"SF0" 5âlT äFZF VwIF5G SgIFVMDF\ lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâDF\ ;DFG ZLT[ V;ZSFZS CT\]P JS"SF0" 5âlT VG[ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG

sCAIf SFI"S|D äFZF YI[, VwIF5GDF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ ;DFG HMJF D/L CTLP

!#P Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf SFI"S|D VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlT äFZF VwIF5G SgIFVMDF\

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâDF\ ;DFG ZLT[ V;ZSFZS G CT\]P H}Y VwIF5G 5âlT SZTF\ Sd%I}8Z

V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf SFI"S|D äFZF YI[, VwIF5GDF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ êRL

HMJF D/L CTLP

Page 146: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

131 131 131 131 131

!$P JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlT äFZF VwIF5G SgIFVMDF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâDF\

;DFG ZLT[ V;ZSFZS G CT\]P H}Y VwIF5G 5âlT SZTF\ JS"SF0" äFZF YI[, VwIF5GDF\ lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ êRL HMJF D/L CTLP

!5P Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf SFI"S|D VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlT äFZF VwIF5G S]DFZM VG[

SgIFVMDF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâDF\ ;DFG V;ZSFZS G CT\]P jIFbIFG 5âlT SZTF\

CAI SFI"S|D äFZF YI[, VwIF5GDF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ êRL HMJF D/L CTLP

!&P JS"SF0" VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlT äFZF VwIF5G S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMDF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH

l;lâDF\ ;DFG V;ZSFZS G CT\]P jIFbIFG 5âlT SZTF\ JS"SF0" äFZF YI[, VwIF5GDF\ lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ êRL HMJF D/L CTLP

!*P H}Y VwIF5G VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlT äFZF VwIF5G S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMDF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH

l;lâDF\ ;DFG ZLT[ V;ZSFZS G CT\]P jIFbIFG 5âlT SZTF\ H}Y VwIF5G äFZF YI[,

VwIF5GDF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ êRL HMJF D/L CTLP

!(P Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG (CAI) SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G 5FD[,

S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMDF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâDF\ ;DFG ZLT[ V;ZSFZS G CT\]P V[8,[ S[

+6[I 5âlTVMGL V;ZSFZSTF ;DFG G CTLP

!)P Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf SFI"S|D VG[ JS"SF0" 5âlT äFZF VwIF5G S]DFZM VG[

SgIFVMDF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâDF\ ;DFG ZLT[ V;ZSFZS G CT\]P JS"SF0" 5âlT SZTF\

Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf SFI"S|D äFZF YI[, VwIF5GDF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH

l;lâ êRL HMJF D/L CTLP

Z_P Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf SFI"S|D VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlT äFZF VwIF5G S]DFZM

VG[ SgIFVMDF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâDF\ ;DFG ZLT[ V;ZSFZS G CT\]P H}Y VwIF5G

5âlT SZTF\ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf SFI"S|D äFZF YI[, VwIF5GDF\ lJ7FG VG[

8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ êRL HMJF D/L CTLP

Z!P JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlT äFZF VwIF5G S]DFZM VG[ SgIFVMDF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH

l;lâDF\ ;DFG ZLT[ V;ZSFZS G CT\]P H}Y VwIF5G 5âlT SZTF\ JS"SF0" äFZF YI[, VwIF5GDF\

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ êRL HMJF D/L CTLP

Page 147: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

132 132 132 132 132

*P$*P$*P$*P$*P$ ;\XMWGGL VgI GL5HM;\XMWGGL VgI GL5HM;\XMWGGL VgI GL5HM;\XMWGGL VgI GL5HM;\XMWGGL VgI GL5HM

5|:T]T VeIF; NZdIFG VeIF;GF C[T]VMG[ VG],1FLG[ VwIIGvVwIF5G ;FDU|L q ;FlCtI

T[DH S;M8LG\] lGDF"6 SZJFDF\ VFjI\] CT\]P H[ 5|:T]T VeIF;GL VUtIGL GL5H K[P

*P$P!*P$P!*P$P!*P$P!*P$P! Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sSd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sSd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sSd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sSd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf SFI"S|DP f SFI"S|DP f SFI"S|DP f SFI"S|DP f SFI"S|DP 5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ 5|IMHS[ 5|IMUGF

VD,LSZ6 SZJFGF C[T]YL CAI SFI"S|DGL ZRGF SZ[, CTLP VF ;FDU|L WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[

8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF 5;\lNT V[SDM DF8[ ZR[, CTLP VF SFI"S|DDF\ S], !## U|FlOS;GM VG[ V[S

lJ0LVM lS,5GM ;DFJ[X YIM CTMP

*P$PZ*P$PZ*P$PZ*P$PZ*P$PZ JS"SF0"P JS"SF0"P JS"SF0"P JS"SF0"P JS"SF0"P VeIF;GF V[S C[T] TZLS[ 5|IMHS JS"SF0" ;FlCtI ZR[, CT\]P VF ;FlCtI

WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF 5;\lNT V[SDM DF8[ ZR[, CT\]P VF ;FlCtIDF\ S], Z#

JS"SF0"GM ;DFJ[X SZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP

*P$P#*P$P#*P$P#*P$P#*P$P# lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LP lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LP lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LP lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LP lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LP 5|IMUGF V\T[ DFlCTL V[Sl+T SZJF DF8[

5|IMHS[ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH 5|DFl6T l;lâ S;M8L ZRL CTLP VF S;M8L äFZF WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG

VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF 5;\lNT V[SDM DF8[ lJnFYL"VMGL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGL l;lâ DF5L

XSFIP VF S;M8L 5_ U]6GL ZRJFDF\ VFJL CTLP T[DF\ C[T],1FL VG[ 8}\S HJFAL 5|SFZGF 5|`GM CTFP

H[ VeIF;GL V[S GL5H SCL XSFIP

*P5*P5*P5*P5*P5 5|F%T 5lZ6FDMGL RRF"5|F%T 5lZ6FDMGL RRF"5|F%T 5lZ6FDMGL RRF"5|F%T 5lZ6FDMGL RRF"5|F%T 5lZ6FDMGL RRF"

5}J["GF ;\XMWGMDF\ ;ÄU4 VFC]JF,LIF VG[ JDF" s!))!f4 HIFD6L s!))!f4 ZMh s!))Zf4

SFZLVF sZ__!f4 BLZJF0SZ sZ__!f4 0F\UZ sZ__#f4 lCZF6L sZ__#f4 KU sZ__$f4

V\AF;6F sZ__$f4 N-F6LIF sZ__$f4 AlNIF6L sZ__5f4 NJ[ sZ__5f4 jIF; sZ__5f4 UZRZ

sZ__&f4 ;M,\SL sZ__&f4 p5FwIFI sZ__&f4 RFJ0F sZ__*f4 DC[TF sZ__*f GF ;\XMWGM

Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf SFI"S|D ;\A\lWT CTF\P H[DF\ ;ÄU4 VFC]JF,LIF VG[ JDF" s!))!f4

HIFD6L s!))!f4 ZMh s!))Zf4 SFZLVF sZ__!f4 BLZJF0SZ sZ__!f4 lCZF6L sZ__#f4

KU sZ__$f4 AlNIF6L sZ__5f4 UZRZ sZ__&f4 p5FwIFI sZ__&f4 RFJ0F sZ__*f VG[

DC[TF sZ__*f GF ;\XMWGMGF 5lZ6FDMDF\ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf SFI"S|D äFZF YT\]

VwIF5G V;ZSFZS HMJF D?I\] CT\]P

JS"SF0" ;\A\lWT ;\XMWGMDF\ 58[, s!))#f4 S\]0l,IF s!))&f4 hF,F s!))*f4 0[0Fl6IF

s!))(f4 ;]ZF6L s!)))f4 ;lBIF sZ__!f4 58[, sZ__!f4 5\0IF sZ__Zf4 JF-[/ sZ__Zf4

ZF9M0 sZ__#f4 VFRFI" sZ__5f4 NJ[ sZ__5f4 ;lBIF sZ__&f4 ZF9M0 sZ__&f4 J[SlZIF

sZ__&f CTF\P VF 5{SLGF 58[, s!))#f4 0[0Fl6IF s!))(f4 ;]ZF6L s!)))f4 ;lBIF sZ__!f4

ZF9M0 sZ__#f4 ;lBIF sZ__&f VG[ ZF9M0 sZ__&f GF ;\XMWGMGF 5lZ6FDMDF\ JS"SF0" äFZF YT\]

VwIF5G VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlT äFZF YTF VwIF5GYL D/[,F\ 5lZ6FDM ;DFG V;ZSFZS G CTF\P

Page 148: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

133 133 133 133 133

H}Y VwIF5G ;\A\lWT ;\XMWGMDF\ hF,F s!))Zf4 W¿LJF,F sZ__&f4 DC[̀ JZL sZ__*f4

HIMH" 8FpG I]lGJl;"8L sZ__(f4 ;\58 sZ__(f CTF\P VF 5{SLGF hF,F s!))Zf4 DC[`JZL

sZ__*f4 HIMH" 8FpG I]lGJl;"8L sZ__(f4 ;\58 sZ__(f GF ;\XMWGMGF 5lZ6FDMDF\ H}Y

VwIF5G äFZF YT\] VwIF5G V;ZSFZS HMJF D?I\] CT\]P

5}J["GF ;\XMWGMDF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIDF\ H}Y VwIF5G äFZF V;ZSFZSTF RSF;JFDF\

VFJ[, G CTLP

5|:T]T ;\XMWGDF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF 5;\lNT V[SDMGF VFWFZ[ H}Y VwIF5G äFZF

VwIF5G SZ[,\] CT\]P VF äFZF D/[,F\ 5lZ6FDM jIFbIFG 5âlT SZTF\ JW] V;ZSFZS HMJF D/[,F\ CTF\P

lJnFYL"VMGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFI 5ZtJ[GL X{1Fl6S l;lâDF\ jIFbIFG 5âlT SZTF\

VgI +6 5âlT äFZF VwIF5G SFI" SZFJJFYL JWFZM HMJF D/[, CTMP

*P&*P&*P&*P&*P& ;\XMWGGF Ol,TFYM";\XMWGGF Ol,TFYM";\XMWGGF Ol,TFYM";\XMWGGF Ol,TFYM";\XMWGGF Ol,TFYM"

5|:T]T VeIF;DF\ CFY WZFI[,F A\G[ 5|IMUMG[ V\T[ D/[,F TFZ6MG[ VFWFZ[ SCL XSFI S[ WMZ6

GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF 5;\lNT V[SDMGF VwIF5GDF\ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG

sCAIf SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0"4 H}Y VwIF5G VG[ jIFbIFG 5âlT ;DFG V;ZSFZS G CTLP 5|:T]T

VeIF;GF D/[,F\ TFZ6MG[ VWFZ[ lJnFYL"4 lX1FS4 XF/F VG[ ;ZSFZzLG[ p5IMUL V[JF X{1Fl6S

Ol,TFYM" VF 5|DF6[ K[P

lJnFYL"VMP lJnFYL"VMP lJnFYL"VMP lJnFYL"VMP lJnFYL"VMP lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH H[JF\ lJQFIDF\ H]NL H]NL 5âlTVM äFZF VwIF5G SZFJJFYL

lJnFYL"VMDF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFI 5|tI[ Z; VG[ Z]lR S[/JL XSFI K[P J/L lJnFYL"VM CAI

SFI"S|D VG[ JS"SF0" H[JL :JvVwIIG 5âlT äFZF VeIF; SZ[ K[ tIFZ[ 56 T[DGFDF\ lJ7FG VG[

8[SŸGM,lH lJQFI 5|tI[GM Z; JW[ K[P

lX1FSMP lX1FSMP lX1FSMP lX1FSMP lX1FSMP jIFbIFG 5âlT äFZF VwIF5G SFI" SZFJJFG[ AN,[ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG

sCAIf SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0"4 H}Y VwIF5G äFZF VwIF5G JW] ;Z/TFYL Y. XS[ K[P lX1FSMGL VJ[ÒDF\

CAI SFI"S|D VG[ JS"SF0" H[J\] :JvVwIIG ;FlCtI V;ZSFZS 5}ZJFZ YFI K[P p5ZF\T lX1FSMG[

X{1Fl6S ;FWGMGF p5IMUGL TF,LD D/[ K[P

XF/FP XF/FP XF/FP XF/FP XF/FP XF/FVMDF\ H]NL H]NL 5âlT äFZF VwIF5GGF VlEUDM V5GFJJF HM.V[ VG[ :Jv

VwIIG ;FlCtI XF/F äFZF T{IFZ SZFJJ\] HM.V[P VFJ\] S[8,\]S ;FlCtI ;\:YFVMV[ J;FJJ\] HM.V[P

;ZSFZP ;ZSFZP ;ZSFZP ;ZSFZP ;ZSFZP ;ZSFZ äFZF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH H[JF lJQFI DF8[ G}TG VwIF5G 5âlTVMGM

lJSF; YFI VG[ lJnFYL"VM ;Z/TFYL lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFI XLBL XS[ VG[ T[DF\ Z; NFBJ[

T[JF 5|ItGM YJF HM.V[P

Page 149: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

134 134 134 134 134

*P**P**P**P**P* EFlJ ;\XMWGM V\U[GL E,FD6MEFlJ ;\XMWGM V\U[GL E,FD6MEFlJ ;\XMWGM V\U[GL E,FD6MEFlJ ;\XMWGM V\U[GL E,FD6MEFlJ ;\XMWGM V\U[GL E,FD6M

5|:T]T ;\XMWGGF V\T[ ;\XMWGGF 5lZ6FDMG[ wIFGDF\ ZFBLG[ 5|IMHS[ EFlJ ;\XMWGM DF8[ GLR[

5|DF6[GL E,FD6M SZL K[P

!P lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF 5;\lNT V[SDM l;JFIGF SM.56 V[SD DF8[ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0

.g:8=SXG sCAIf SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5GGL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF; SZL XSFIP

ZP lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFI l;JFIGF lJQFIM DF8[ 56 Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf

SFI"S|D äFZF VeIF;GL V;ZSFZSTF RSF;L XSFIP

#P lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFI l;JFIGF lJQFIMDF\ 56 H]NL H]NL 5âlTVM äFZF VeIF;GL

V;ZSFZSTF RSF;L XSFIP

$P lJnFYL"VMGL H]NF H]NF lJQFIMDF\ X{1Fl6S l;lâ 5Z Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf SFI"S|D

VG[ JS"SF0" 5Z VwIF5GGL V;ZSFZSTF RSF;L XSFIP

5P lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFI l;JFIGF VgI lJQFIMGF lX1F6 DF8[ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlTGL

V;ZSFZSTF RSF;L XSFIP

&P Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG sCAIf SFI"S|D4 JS"SF0" VG[ H}Y VwIF5G l;JFIGL VwIF5G

5|I]lSTVM H[JL S[ lJ0LVM ,[XG4 AC]DFwID ;\5]84 VlES|lDT VwIIG4 8[5 :,F.0 SFI"S|D

JU[Z[ ;FY[ jIFbIFG 5âlTGL V;ZSFZSTFGL T],GF SZL XSFIP

*P 5|:T]T VeIF; U]HZFTL DFwIDGL XF/FGF lJnFYL"VM 5Z IMH[, CTMP V\U|[Ò DFwIDGL

XF/FGF lJnFYL"VM 5Z ;\XMWG CFY WZL XSFIP

(P 5|:T]T ;\XMWG WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFI DF8[GM K[P VFJM H VeIF; VgI

WMZ6MDF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFI DF8[ T[DH VgI lJQFI DF8[ 56 CFY WZL XSFIP

)P SM.56 V[S lJQFIGF AWF V[SDM DF8[ 5|DF6E}T l;lâ S;M8LGL ZRGF SZL VFJM VeIF; CFY

WZL XSFIP

!_P Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D V\TU"T p5RFZFtDS lX1F6GF EFU~5[ Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0

.g:8=SXG SFI"S|DGM p5IMU SZL lGNFGvp5RFZ SFI"S|D 5|IMÒ XSFIP

Page 150: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

;\NE";}lR;\NE";}lR;\NE";}lR;\NE";}lR;\NE";}lR

Page 151: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

135 135 135 135 135

;\NE" ;}lR;\NE" ;}lR;\NE" ;}lR;\NE" ;}lR;\NE" ;}lR

5|SFlXT ;FlCtI5|SFlXT ;FlCtI5|SFlXT ;FlCtI5|SFlXT ;FlCtI5|SFlXT ;FlCtI

Aggarwal, J.C. (1996). Educational Research : An Introduction. New Delhi : Arya BookDepot.

Ambasana, A.D. (Ed.) (1998). Computer in Research and Education. Rajkot : SaurashtraUniversity.

-------, (2002). Multimedia Presentation Slide Show (Guj.). Rajkot : Dr. Anil Ambasana.

Aliken, L.R. (1982). Pshychological Testing and Assessment (4th ed.). Bostan : Allyn andBacon Inc.

Best, J.W. (1966). Research in Educaton (5th ed.). New Delhi : Prentice Hall of India Pvt.Ltd.

Kinnaman, D.E. "What's the Research Telling Us ?" Classroom Computer Learning 10/6(1990) : 31-35; 38-39.

Kothari, C.R. (1997). Research Methodology : Methods & Techniques (14th ed.). NewDelhi : Wishwa Prakashan.

Kumar, K.L. (1996). Education Technology. New Delhi : New Age International Publishers.

Mauly, G.J. (1964). The Science of Education Research. New Delhi : Eurasia PublishingHouse (Pvt.) Ltd.

Modi, D.J., Bhal, J.D., Rathod N.S.,Reya H.Z. & Bhogayata, C.A. (eds.) (1991). SansodhanoniMadhukari (Guj.). Bhavanagar : Bhavanagar University.

Mukhopadhyay, M., Khanna K. & Parhar M. (eds.) (1989). Educational Technology :Year Book 1988. New Delhi : All India Association for Educational Technology.

Palaniappan, V.P. (1990). Effectiveness of Assisted Instruction in Learning Triangle. Mediaand Technology for Human Resource Development.

Sampath, K., Panneerselvam A., & Santhanan S. (1984). Introduction to EducationalTechnology (2nd ed.). New Delhi : Sterling Publishers.

Sansanwal, D.N. (2000). November 13th, Information Technology and Higher Education.University News, New Delhi : AIU.

Shah, B. (1989). Computer in Education : Teachers' role and Teachers' TrainingProgramme. Media and Technology for Human Resource Development, 2(1), 13-21.

Sharma, A.K. (Ed.) (1997). Fifth Survey of Research in Education. New Delhi : NCERT.

Sukhia, S.P. Melhotra, P.V. & Melhotra R.N. (1966). Elements of Educational Research(2nd ed.). New Delhi : Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

V\AF;6F4 V[P0LP s!)))fP DF5G lJ`J;GLITF VG[ IYFY"TFDF5G lJ`J;GLITF VG[ IYFY"TFDF5G lJ`J;GLITF VG[ IYFY"TFDF5G lJ`J;GLITF VG[ IYFY"TFDF5G lJ`J;GLITF VG[ IYFY"TFP ZFHSM8 o lX1F6XF:+ EJG4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8LP

HMQFL4 V[RP VMP4 s!)(5fP ;\XMWG VC[JF,GL ,[BG E},M;\XMWG VC[JF,GL ,[BG E},M;\XMWG VC[JF,GL ,[BG E},M;\XMWG VC[JF,GL ,[BG E},M;\XMWG VC[JF,GL ,[BG E},MP ZFHSM8 o VFX]TMQF 5|SFXGP

Page 152: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

136 136 136 136 136

NZÒ4 0LP s!)(5fP X{1Fl6S DF5G VG[ D}<IF\SGGL 5|lJlWVMX{1Fl6S DF5G VG[ D}<IF\SGGL 5|lJlWVMX{1Fl6S DF5G VG[ D}<IF\SGGL 5|lJlWVMX{1Fl6S DF5G VG[ D}<IF\SGGL 5|lJlWVMX{1Fl6S DF5G VG[ D}<IF\SGGL 5|lJlWVMP VDNFJFN o I]lGJl;"8L U|\YlGDF"6 AM0"4 U]HZFTZFHIP

N[;F.4 CPU]P VG[ VgIM s!))ZfP ;\XMWG 5âlTVM VG[ 5|lJlWVM s5DL VFPf;\XMWG 5âlTVM VG[ 5|lJlWVM s5DL VFPf;\XMWG 5âlTVM VG[ 5|lJlWVM s5DL VFPf;\XMWG 5âlTVM VG[ 5|lJlWVM s5DL VFPf;\XMWG 5âlTVM VG[ 5|lJlWVM s5DL VFPfP VDNFJFN o I]lGJl;"8L U|\YlGDF"6AM0"4 U]HZFT ZFHIP

lGIFDSzL4 U]HZFT ZFHI sZ__)fP WMZ6 GJG\] lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHG\] 5F9ŸI5]:TSWMZ6 GJG\] lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHG\] 5F9ŸI5]:TSWMZ6 GJG\] lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHG\] 5F9ŸI5]:TSWMZ6 GJG\] lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHG\] 5F9ŸI5]:TSWMZ6 GJG\] lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHG\] 5F9ŸI5]:TSP UF\WLGUZ 5F9I5]:TSD\0/P

EMUFITF4 ;LP s!))!fP lX1F6DF\ Sd%I}8ZGL ;O/TFlX1F6DF\ Sd%I}8ZGL ;O/TFlX1F6DF\ Sd%I}8ZGL ;O/TFlX1F6DF\ Sd%I}8ZGL ;O/TFlX1F6DF\ Sd%I}8ZGL ;O/TFP UlTXL, lX1F6P !(s(f4 $v*P

ZFHIU]Z]4 V[DP VG[ VgIM s!))*fP X{1Fl6S ;\XMWGDF\ p5IMU S[8,FS Sd%I}8Z 5|MU|FDGM 5lZRIX{1Fl6S ;\XMWGDF\ p5IMU S[8,FS Sd%I}8Z 5|MU|FDGM 5lZRIX{1Fl6S ;\XMWGDF\ p5IMU S[8,FS Sd%I}8Z 5|MU|FDGM 5lZRIX{1Fl6S ;\XMWGDF\ p5IMU S[8,FS Sd%I}8Z 5|MU|FDGM 5lZRIX{1Fl6S ;\XMWGDF\ p5IMU S[8,FS Sd%I}8Z 5|MU|FDGM 5lZRIP UlTXL,lX1F6P Z$s!f4 (v!!P

XFC4 0LPALP s!))#fP X{1Fl6S 5|F{nMlUSLX{1Fl6S 5|F{nMlUSLX{1Fl6S 5|F{nMlUSLX{1Fl6S 5|F{nMlUSLX{1Fl6S 5|F{nMlUSLP VDNFJFN o I]lGJl;"8L U|\YlGDF"6 AM0"4 U]HZFT ZFHIP

vvvvvvv4 lJ7FG VwIF5G 5lZXL,GlJ7FG VwIF5G 5lZXL,GlJ7FG VwIF5G 5lZXL,GlJ7FG VwIF5G 5lZXL,GlJ7FG VwIF5G 5lZXL,GP VDNFJFN o I]lGJl;"8L U|\YlGDF"6 AM0"4 U]HZFT ZFHIP

ZF9M04 V[GP VG[ ZFHIU]Z] V[DP s!))*fP X{1Fl6S ;\XMWGDF\ Sd%I}8ZGM p5IMUX{1Fl6S ;\XMWGDF\ Sd%I}8ZGM p5IMUX{1Fl6S ;\XMWGDF\ Sd%I}8ZGM p5IMUX{1Fl6S ;\XMWGDF\ Sd%I}8ZGM p5IMUX{1Fl6S ;\XMWGDF\ Sd%I}8ZGM p5IMUP UlTXL, lX1F6P Z$s(f4ZZvZ$P

l+J[NL4 V[DP0LP VG[ ALPI]P 5FZ[B s!)()fP lX1F6DF\ VF\S0FXF:+lX1F6DF\ VF\S0FXF:+lX1F6DF\ VF\S0FXF:+lX1F6DF\ VF\S0FXF:+lX1F6DF\ VF\S0FXF:+P VDNFJFN o I]lGJl;"8L U|\YlGDF"6 AM0"4P

pRF84 0LPV[P s!)((fP ;\XMWGGF 5|FZ\E[;\XMWGGF 5|FZ\E[;\XMWGGF 5|FZ\E[;\XMWGGF 5|FZ\E[;\XMWGGF 5|FZ\E[P ZFHSM8 o lX1F6XF:+ EJG4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8LP

vvvvvvv4 s!))ZfP ;Z/ VwIIG ;FDU|LGL ZRGF VG[ VHDFIX;Z/ VwIIG ;FDU|LGL ZRGF VG[ VHDFIX;Z/ VwIIG ;FDU|LGL ZRGF VG[ VHDFIX;Z/ VwIIG ;FDU|LGL ZRGF VG[ VHDFIX;Z/ VwIIG ;FDU|LGL ZRGF VG[ VHDFIXP UF\WLGUZ o DFwIlDS lX1F6 VG[ 5|lX1F64U]HZFT DFwIlDS lX1F6 AM0"4 V\Sv!!P

vvvvvvv4 s!))*fP ;\XMWG ;D:IF 5;\NULGF ;{âF\lTS VG[ jIJCFZ] VFWFZM;\XMWG ;D:IF 5;\NULGF ;{âF\lTS VG[ jIJCFZ] VFWFZM;\XMWG ;D:IF 5;\NULGF ;{âF\lTS VG[ jIJCFZ] VFWFZM;\XMWG ;D:IF 5;\NULGF ;{âF\lTS VG[ jIJCFZ] VFWFZM;\XMWG ;D:IF 5;\NULGF ;{âF\lTS VG[ jIJCFZ] VFWFZMP ZFHSM8 o 5FZ; 5|SFXGP

pRF84 0LPV[P VG[ VgIM s!)((fP ;\XMWGG\] ;\NMCG;\XMWGG\] ;\NMCG;\XMWGG\] ;\NMCG;\XMWGG\] ;\NMCG;\XMWGG\] ;\NMCGP ZFHSM8 o lX1F6XF:+ EJG4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8LP

vvvvvvv4 s!))*fP VwIF5GDF\ 5|IMUMVwIF5GDF\ 5|IMUMVwIF5GDF\ 5|IMUMVwIF5GDF\ 5|IMUMVwIF5GDF\ 5|IMUMP ZFHSM8 o lX1F6XF:+ EJG4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8LP

vvvvvvv4 sZ___fP ;\XMWGGL lJlXQ8 5âlTVM;\XMWGGL lJlXQ8 5âlTVM;\XMWGGL lJlXQ8 5âlTVM;\XMWGGL lJlXQ8 5âlTVM;\XMWGGL lJlXQ8 5âlTVMP ZFHSM8 o 0F¶P 0LPV[P pRF84 lX1F6XF:+ EJG4 ;F{ZFQ8=I]lGJl;"8LP

vvvvvvv4 s!))(fP ;\XMWG VC[JF,G\] ,[BG XL ZLT[ SZXM m;\XMWG VC[JF,G\] ,[BG XL ZLT[ SZXM m;\XMWG VC[JF,G\] ,[BG XL ZLT[ SZXM m;\XMWG VC[JF,G\] ,[BG XL ZLT[ SZXM m;\XMWG VC[JF,G\] ,[BG XL ZLT[ SZXM m ZFHSM8 o lGlHHG ;FISM ;[g8ZP

V5|SFlXT ;FlCtIV5|SFlXT ;FlCtIV5|SFlXT ;FlCtIV5|SFlXT ;FlCtIV5|SFlXT ;FlCtI

;ÄU4 VFZP0LP4 VC]JF,LIF VG[ JDF"4 V[;PS[P s!))!fP Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIGUl6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIGUl6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIGUl6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIGUl6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIGSFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTFSFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTFSFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTFSFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTFSFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTFP 5|MH[S8 JS"4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

HIFD6L4 5LP s!))!fP prRTZ DFwIlDS XF/FGF EF{lTS lJ7FGGF lJQFIDF\ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLprRTZ DFwIlDS XF/FGF EF{lTS lJ7FGGF lJQFIDF\ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLprRTZ DFwIlDS XF/FGF EF{lTS lJ7FGGF lJQFIDF\ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLprRTZ DFwIlDS XF/FGF EF{lTS lJ7FGGF lJQFIDF\ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLprRTZ DFwIlDS XF/FGF EF{lTS lJ7FGGF lJQFIDF\ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFP V[DPlO,P V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

ZMh4 V[PV[;PJLP s!))ZfP WMZ6 GJGF Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLWMZ6 GJGF Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLWMZ6 GJGF Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLWMZ6 GJGF Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLWMZ6 GJGF Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFP 5LV[RP0LP V5|SFlXT DCFlGA\4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

Page 153: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

137 137 137 137 137

SFZLVF4 V[,PV[RP sZ__!fP WMZ6 VF9GF Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLWMZ6 VF9GF Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLWMZ6 VF9GF Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLWMZ6 VF9GF Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLWMZ6 VF9GF Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFP 5LV[RP0LP V5|SFlXT DCFlGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

BLZJF0SZ4 V[PVFZP sZ__!fP prRTZ DFwIlDS XF/FGF Z;FI6 lJ7FG lJQFIGF\ VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8ZprRTZ DFwIlDS XF/FGF Z;FI6 lJ7FG lJQFIGF\ VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8ZprRTZ DFwIlDS XF/FGF Z;FI6 lJ7FG lJQFIGF\ VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8ZprRTZ DFwIlDS XF/FGF Z;FI6 lJ7FG lJQFIGF\ VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8ZprRTZ DFwIlDS XF/FGF Z;FI6 lJ7FG lJQFIGF\ VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTF;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTF;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTF;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTF;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL V;ZSFZSTFP 5LV[RP0LP DCFlGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

0F\UZ4 ALPÒ sZ__#fP 5|FYlDS XF/FGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL5|FYlDS XF/FGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL5|FYlDS XF/FGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL5|FYlDS XF/FGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL5|FYlDS XF/FGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGLV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFP V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

lCZF6L4 8LPVFZP sZ__#fP DFwIlDS XF/FS1FFV[ lJ7FG lJQFIGF ccH{lJS lS|IFVMcc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[DFwIlDS XF/FS1FFV[ lJ7FG lJQFIGF ccH{lJS lS|IFVMcc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[DFwIlDS XF/FS1FFV[ lJ7FG lJQFIGF ccH{lJS lS|IFVMcc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[DFwIlDS XF/FS1FFV[ lJ7FG lJQFIGF ccH{lJS lS|IFVMcc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[DFwIlDS XF/FS1FFV[ lJ7FG lJQFIGF ccH{lJS lS|IFVMcc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;P V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT,3]lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

KU4 V[;P5LP sZ__$fP WMZ6 ;FTGF lJ7FG lJQFIGF c5]Q5 VG[ O/c V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITWMZ6 ;FTGF lJ7FG lJQFIGF c5]Q5 VG[ O/c V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITWMZ6 ;FTGF lJ7FG lJQFIGF c5]Q5 VG[ O/c V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITWMZ6 ;FTGF lJ7FG lJQFIGF c5]Q5 VG[ O/c V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITWMZ6 ;FTGF lJ7FG lJQFIGF c5]Q5 VG[ O/c V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITVwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;P V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8=I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

V\AF;6F4 V[P0LP sZ__$fP WMZ6 VF9GF lJ7FG lJQFIGF ccNAF6cc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITWMZ6 VF9GF lJ7FG lJQFIGF ccNAF6cc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITWMZ6 VF9GF lJ7FG lJQFIGF ccNAF6cc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITWMZ6 VF9GF lJ7FG lJQFIGF ccNAF6cc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITWMZ6 VF9GF lJ7FG lJQFIGF ccNAF6cc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITVwIIG SFI"S|D VG[ 5LIZ H}Y Dl<8DLl0VF 5|MH[S8GL V;ZSFZSTFVwIIG SFI"S|D VG[ 5LIZ H}Y Dl<8DLl0VF 5|MH[S8GL V;ZSFZSTFVwIIG SFI"S|D VG[ 5LIZ H}Y Dl<8DLl0VF 5|MH[S8GL V;ZSFZSTFVwIIG SFI"S|D VG[ 5LIZ H}Y Dl<8DLl0VF 5|MH[S8GL V;ZSFZSTFVwIIG SFI"S|D VG[ 5LIZ H}Y Dl<8DLl0VF 5|MH[S8GL V;ZSFZSTFP 5|MH[S8 JS"4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4ZFHSM8P

0-Fl6IF4 0LPV[DP sZ__$fP WMZ6 VF9GF lJ7FG lJQFIGF cNAF6c V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITWMZ6 VF9GF lJ7FG lJQFIGF cNAF6c V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITWMZ6 VF9GF lJ7FG lJQFIGF cNAF6c V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITWMZ6 VF9GF lJ7FG lJQFIGF cNAF6c V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITWMZ6 VF9GF lJ7FG lJQFIGF cNAF6c V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITVwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;P V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8=I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

AlNIF6L4 VF.PV[DP sZ__5fP WMZ6 VF9GF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF\ VwIF5G DF8[ WMZ6 VF9GF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF\ VwIF5G DF8[ WMZ6 VF9GF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF\ VwIF5G DF8[ WMZ6 VF9GF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF\ VwIF5G DF8[ WMZ6 VF9GF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF\ VwIF5G DF8[ CALL SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;P V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

NJ[4 5LP;LP sZ__5fP GFDFGF D}/TÀJM lJQFIGF ccVFDGM\Wcc V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ JS"SF0" GFDFGF D}/TÀJM lJQFIGF ccVFDGM\Wcc V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ JS"SF0" GFDFGF D}/TÀJM lJQFIGF ccVFDGM\Wcc V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ JS"SF0" GFDFGF D}/TÀJM lJQFIGF ccVFDGM\Wcc V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ JS"SF0" GFDFGF D}/TÀJM lJQFIGF ccVFDGM\Wcc V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ JS"SF0" (WC) VG[ Sd%I}8Z VG[ Sd%I}8Z VG[ Sd%I}8Z VG[ Sd%I}8Z VG[ Sd%I}8Z;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D (CAL) 5|I]lSTGL V;ZSFZSTF 5|I]lSTGL V;ZSFZSTF 5|I]lSTGL V;ZSFZSTF 5|I]lSTGL V;ZSFZSTF 5|I]lSTGL V;ZSFZSTFP 5LV[RP0LP V5|SFlXT DCFXMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8=I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

jIF;4 V[DPJFIP sZ__5fP lJ7FG lJQFIGF c;}1DÒJMc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIGlJ7FG lJQFIGF c;}1DÒJMc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIGlJ7FG lJQFIGF c;}1DÒJMc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIGlJ7FG lJQFIGF c;}1DÒJMc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIGlJ7FG lJQFIGF c;}1DÒJMc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIGSFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;P V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8=I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

UZRZ4 V[,PVFZP sZ__&fP ;DFHlJnFGF cc;F{Z 5lZJFZcc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG;DFHlJnFGF cc;F{Z 5lZJFZcc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG;DFHlJnFGF cc;F{Z 5lZJFZcc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG;DFHlJnFGF cc;F{Z 5lZJFZcc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG;DFHlJnFGF cc;F{Z 5lZJFZcc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIGSFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFSFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFSFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFSFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFSFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFP V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

;M,\SL4 V[RPV[DP sZ__&fP WMZ6 ;FTGF lJ7FG lJQFIGF cV[l;04 A[.h VG[ 1FFZc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[WMZ6 ;FTGF lJ7FG lJQFIGF cV[l;04 A[.h VG[ 1FFZc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[WMZ6 ;FTGF lJ7FG lJQFIGF cV[l;04 A[.h VG[ 1FFZc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[WMZ6 ;FTGF lJ7FG lJQFIGF cV[l;04 A[.h VG[ 1FFZc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[WMZ6 ;FTGF lJ7FG lJQFIGF cV[l;04 A[.h VG[ 1FFZc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFSd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFSd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFSd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFSd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|DGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFP V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

p5FwIFI4 VFZPV[RP sZ__&fP WMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGF c5|Fl6 JUL"SZ6c V[SDGF VwIF5GWMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGF c5|Fl6 JUL"SZ6c V[SDGF VwIF5GWMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGF c5|Fl6 JUL"SZ6c V[SDGF VwIF5GWMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGF c5|Fl6 JUL"SZ6c V[SDGF VwIF5GWMZ6 GJGF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGF c5|Fl6 JUL"SZ6c V[SDGF VwIF5GDF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D (CAI) GL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF GL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF GL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF GL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF GL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFP V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

RFJ0F4 H[PJLP sZ__*fP WMZ6 GJGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF jIFSZ6DF\ WMZ6 GJGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF jIFSZ6DF\ WMZ6 GJGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF jIFSZ6DF\ WMZ6 GJGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF jIFSZ6DF\ WMZ6 GJGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF jIFSZ6DF\ 'Nouns' GF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT GF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT GF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT GF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlIT GF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z ;CFlITVwIIG SFI"S|D VwIIG SFI"S|D VwIIG SFI"S|D VwIIG SFI"S|D VwIIG SFI"S|D (CAI) GL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF GL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF GL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF GL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF GL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFP V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8=I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

Page 154: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

138 138 138 138 138

DC[TF4 CQF"N sZ__*fP WMZ6 GJGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF jIFSZ6DF\ WMZ6 GJGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF jIFSZ6DF\ WMZ6 GJGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF jIFSZ6DF\ WMZ6 GJGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF jIFSZ6DF\ WMZ6 GJGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF jIFSZ6DF\ 'Adjectives' GF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8ZGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8ZGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8ZGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8ZGF VwIF5G DF8[ Sd%I}8Z;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D (CAI) GL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF GL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF GL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF GL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF GL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFP V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

58[,4 EFG]EF. s!))#fP WMZ6 VlUIFZGF Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[WMZ6 VlUIFZGF Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[WMZ6 VlUIFZGF Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[WMZ6 VlUIFZGF Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[WMZ6 VlUIFZGF Ul6T lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[T[GL V;ZSFZSTFT[GL V;ZSFZSTFT[GL V;ZSFZSTFT[GL V;ZSFZSTFT[GL V;ZSFZSTFP 5LV[RP0LP V5|SFlXT DCFXMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

S\]0l,IF4 DF,F s!))&fP WMZ6 VlUIFZGF ÒJlJ7FG lJQFIGF cSMQF lJEFHGc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0"WMZ6 VlUIFZGF ÒJlJ7FG lJQFIGF cSMQF lJEFHGc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0"WMZ6 VlUIFZGF ÒJlJ7FG lJQFIGF cSMQF lJEFHGc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0"WMZ6 VlUIFZGF ÒJlJ7FG lJQFIGF cSMQF lJEFHGc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0"WMZ6 VlUIFZGF ÒJlJ7FG lJQFIGF cSMQF lJEFHGc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0";FlCtI VG[ VlES|lDT VwIIGGL V;ZSFZSTF;FlCtI VG[ VlES|lDT VwIIGGL V;ZSFZSTF;FlCtI VG[ VlES|lDT VwIIGGL V;ZSFZSTF;FlCtI VG[ VlES|lDT VwIIGGL V;ZSFZSTF;FlCtI VG[ VlES|lDT VwIIGGL V;ZSFZSTFP V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4ZFHSM8P

hF,F4 .,FS]DFZL s!))*fP WMZ6 N;GF Ul6T lJQFIGF cVF\S0FXF:+c V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ :JVwIIG 5|I]lSTWMZ6 N;GF Ul6T lJQFIGF cVF\S0FXF:+c V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ :JVwIIG 5|I]lSTWMZ6 N;GF Ul6T lJQFIGF cVF\S0FXF:+c V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ :JVwIIG 5|I]lSTWMZ6 N;GF Ul6T lJQFIGF cVF\S0FXF:+c V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ :JVwIIG 5|I]lSTWMZ6 N;GF Ul6T lJQFIGF cVF\S0FXF:+c V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ :JVwIIG 5|I]lSTTZLS[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;TZLS[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;TZLS[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;TZLS[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;TZLS[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;P V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4ZFHSM8P

0[0Fl6IF4 SLlT" s!))(fP WMZ6 N;GF Ul6T lJQFIGF cl+SM6lDlTc V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[WMZ6 N;GF Ul6T lJQFIGF cl+SM6lDlTc V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[WMZ6 N;GF Ul6T lJQFIGF cl+SM6lDlTc V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[WMZ6 N;GF Ul6T lJQFIGF cl+SM6lDlTc V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[WMZ6 N;GF Ul6T lJQFIGF cl+SM6lDlTc V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[T[GL V;ZSFZSTFT[GL V;ZSFZSTFT[GL V;ZSFZSTFT[GL V;ZSFZSTFT[GL V;ZSFZSTFP V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

;]ZF6L4 T'l%T s!)))fP WMZ6 GJGF Ul6T lJQFIGF cU6lS|IFVMc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGLWMZ6 GJGF Ul6T lJQFIGF cU6lS|IFVMc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGLWMZ6 GJGF Ul6T lJQFIGF cU6lS|IFVMc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGLWMZ6 GJGF Ul6T lJQFIGF cU6lS|IFVMc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGLWMZ6 GJGF Ul6T lJQFIGF cU6lS|IFVMc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFGM VeIF;P V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

;lBIF4 ZD[X sZ__!fP WMZ6 VF9 YL AFZGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF WMZ6 VF9 YL AFZGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF WMZ6 VF9 YL AFZGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF WMZ6 VF9 YL AFZGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF WMZ6 VF9 YL AFZGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF 'Active and Passive Voice' V[SD 5Z V[SD 5Z V[SD 5Z V[SD 5Z V[SD 5ZJS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFJS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFJS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFJS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFJS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFP V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4ZFHSM8P

58[,4 lJS|D sZ__!fP WMZ6 GJGF ;\:S'T lJQFIGF c;\lWc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGFWMZ6 GJGF ;\:S'T lJQFIGF c;\lWc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGFWMZ6 GJGF ;\:S'T lJQFIGF c;\lWc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGFWMZ6 GJGF ;\:S'T lJQFIGF c;\lWc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGFWMZ6 GJGF ;\:S'T lJQFIGF c;\lWc V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGFVG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFVG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFVG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFVG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFVG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFP V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

5\0IF4 V<SF sZ__ZfP WMZ6 VF9 YL AFZGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF WMZ6 VF9 YL AFZGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF WMZ6 VF9 YL AFZGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF WMZ6 VF9 YL AFZGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF WMZ6 VF9 YL AFZGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF 'Direct Indirect Speech' V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" V[SD 5Z JS"SF0";FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFP V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

JF-[/4 NL5S sZ__ZfP WMZ6 VF9 YL AFZGF ;\:S'T lJQFIGF cV,\SFZc V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGFWMZ6 VF9 YL AFZGF ;\:S'T lJQFIGF cV,\SFZc V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGFWMZ6 VF9 YL AFZGF ;\:S'T lJQFIGF cV,\SFZc V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGFWMZ6 VF9 YL AFZGF ;\:S'T lJQFIGF cV,\SFZc V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGFWMZ6 VF9 YL AFZGF ;\:S'T lJQFIGF cV,\SFZc V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGFVG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFVG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFVG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFVG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFVG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFP V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

ZF9M04 V[;PV[;P sZ__#fP JFl6HI Ul6TGF VwIF5G DF8[ cS|DRI ;\RIc V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGFJFl6HI Ul6TGF VwIF5G DF8[ cS|DRI ;\RIc V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGFJFl6HI Ul6TGF VwIF5G DF8[ cS|DRI ;\RIc V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGFJFl6HI Ul6TGF VwIF5G DF8[ cS|DRI ;\RIc V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGFJFl6HI Ul6TGF VwIF5G DF8[ cS|DRI ;\RIc V[SD 5Z JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGFVG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFVG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFVG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFVG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFVG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFP V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

VFRFI"4 V[DP0LP sZ__5fP WMZ6 GJGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GLWMZ6 GJGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GLWMZ6 GJGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GLWMZ6 GJGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GLWMZ6 GJGF V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GLV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFP V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

NJ[4 5LP;LP sZ__5fP GFDFGF D}/TÀJM lJQFIGF cVFDGM\Wc V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ JS"SF0" GFDFGF D}/TÀJM lJQFIGF cVFDGM\Wc V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ JS"SF0" GFDFGF D}/TÀJM lJQFIGF cVFDGM\Wc V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ JS"SF0" GFDFGF D}/TÀJM lJQFIGF cVFDGM\Wc V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ JS"SF0" GFDFGF D}/TÀJM lJQFIGF cVFDGM\Wc V[SDGF ;\NE"DF\ JS"SF0" (WC) VG[ Sd%I}8Z VG[ Sd%I}8Z VG[ Sd%I}8Z VG[ Sd%I}8Z VG[ Sd%I}8Z;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D ;CFlIT VwIIG SFI"S|D (CAI) 5|I]lSTVMGL V;ZSFZSTF 5|I]lSTVMGL V;ZSFZSTF 5|I]lSTVMGL V;ZSFZSTF 5|I]lSTVMGL V;ZSFZSTF 5|I]lSTVMGL V;ZSFZSTFP 5LV[RP0LP V5|SFlXT DCFXMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8=I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

;lBIF4 VFZPALP sZ__&fP V\U|[Ò lJQFIGF jIFSZ6GF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GLV\U|[Ò lJQFIGF jIFSZ6GF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GLV\U|[Ò lJQFIGF jIFSZ6GF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GLV\U|[Ò lJQFIGF jIFSZ6GF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GLV\U|[Ò lJQFIGF jIFSZ6GF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0" ;FlCtIGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GLV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFV;ZSFZSTFP 5LV[RP0LP V5|SFlXT DCFXMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

ZF9M04 0LPS[P sZ__&fP lR+ ;FDU|L4 UFG 5âlT VG[ JS"SF0"GL ;\:S'lT lJQFIDF\ l;lâ VG[ ;\:S'T lJQFIlR+ ;FDU|L4 UFG 5âlT VG[ JS"SF0"GL ;\:S'lT lJQFIDF\ l;lâ VG[ ;\:S'T lJQFIlR+ ;FDU|L4 UFG 5âlT VG[ JS"SF0"GL ;\:S'lT lJQFIDF\ l;lâ VG[ ;\:S'T lJQFIlR+ ;FDU|L4 UFG 5âlT VG[ JS"SF0"GL ;\:S'lT lJQFIDF\ l;lâ VG[ ;\:S'T lJQFIlR+ ;FDU|L4 UFG 5âlT VG[ JS"SF0"GL ;\:S'lT lJQFIDF\ l;lâ VG[ ;\:S'T lJQFI5ZtJ[GF J,6 5ZGL V;ZSFZSTF5ZtJ[GF J,6 5ZGL V;ZSFZSTF5ZtJ[GF J,6 5ZGL V;ZSFZSTF5ZtJ[GF J,6 5ZGL V;ZSFZSTF5ZtJ[GF J,6 5ZGL V;ZSFZSTFP 5LV[RP0LP V5|SFlXT DCFXMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

Page 155: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

139 139 139 139 139

J[SlZIF4 V[PALP sZ__&fP GFDFGF D}/TÀJM lJQFIGF cVGFDT VG[ HMUJF.c V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0"GFDFGF D}/TÀJM lJQFIGF cVGFDT VG[ HMUJF.c V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0"GFDFGF D}/TÀJM lJQFIGF cVGFDT VG[ HMUJF.c V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0"GFDFGF D}/TÀJM lJQFIGF cVGFDT VG[ HMUJF.c V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0"GFDFGF D}/TÀJM lJQFIGF cVGFDT VG[ HMUJF.c V[SDGF VwIF5G DF8[ JS"SF0";FlCtI VG[ VlES|lDT VwIIGGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF;FlCtI VG[ VlES|lDT VwIIGGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF;FlCtI VG[ VlES|lDT VwIIGGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF;FlCtI VG[ VlES|lDT VwIIGGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTF;FlCtI VG[ VlES|lDT VwIIGGL ;\ZRGF VG[ T[GL V;ZSFZSTFP V[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

hF,F4 V[;PALP s!))ZfP WMZ6 GJGF ;DFHlJnF lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlTGL V;ZSFZSTFWMZ6 GJGF ;DFHlJnF lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlTGL V;ZSFZSTFWMZ6 GJGF ;DFHlJnF lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlTGL V;ZSFZSTFWMZ6 GJGF ;DFHlJnF lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlTGL V;ZSFZSTFWMZ6 GJGF ;DFHlJnF lJQFIGF VwIF5G DF8[ H}Y VwIF5G 5âlTGL V;ZSFZSTFPV[DPV[0ŸP V5|SFlXT ,3]XMW lGA\W4 ;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8L4 ZFHSM8P

Dhattiwala, Raheel (2006). IIM graduates team up to destress students. Times of India,Ahmedabad.

Maheswari, Sunilkumar (2007). Dynamics of team teaching and research in a managementschool. Project work, published research paper, Indian Institute of management,Ahmedabad.

Sampat, Swaroop (2008). Effectiveness of team teaching about life skills. Unique educationalprogramme, GCERT, Gandhinagar.

Georgetown University (2008). Effectiveness of team teaching about English languagefellow programme. Project work, Published research paper, Georgetown University,2008.

Electronic Media

Browser

http:/www.google.com & yahoo.com

Animations

http:/www.animationfactory.com

http:/www.animationlibrary.com

http:/www.gifanimations.com

http:/www.bestanimations.com

http://www.geocities.com/animations

http:/www.all-creatures.org

CALL Package

http:/www.rapidintellect.com

Dewies, G., Hewer, S. (2001). Introduction to New Technologies and How They canContribute to Language Learning and Teaching. ICT42T Project. Retrieved October16, 2001 from http:/www.ict4llt.org/en/en.mod 1-1.htm

Warschauer, M. (1999). CALL vs. Electronic Literacy : Reconceiving Technology in theLanguage Classrrom CILT Research Forum. Retrived October 23, 2001 from http:/www.linguanet.org.uk/research/restor2/warsun 1.htm

Page 156: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

5lZlXQ8v!5lZlXQ8v!5lZlXQ8v!5lZlXQ8v!5lZlXQ8v!Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG (CAI) SFI"S|DGL ;LP0LP SFI"S|DGL ;LP0LP SFI"S|DGL ;LP0LP SFI"S|DGL ;LP0LP SFI"S|DGL ;LP0LP

140140140140140

Page 157: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

5lZlXQ8vZ5lZlXQ8vZ5lZlXQ8vZ5lZlXQ8vZ5lZlXQ8vZ

JS"SF0"JS"SF0"JS"SF0"JS"SF0"JS"SF0"

slJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHGF 5;\lNT V[SDMfslJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHGF 5;\lNT V[SDMfslJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHGF 5;\lNT V[SDMfslJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHGF 5;\lNT V[SDMfslJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHGF 5;\lNT V[SDMf

zLDTL H[P H[P S\]0l,IF U|[HI]V[8 8LR;" SM,[H

s;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8Lf

ZFHSM8

DFU"NX"SDFU"NX"SDFU"NX"SDFU"NX"SDFU"NX"S

0F¶P S[PJLP ZF9M00F¶P S[PJLP ZF9M00F¶P S[PJLP ZF9M00F¶P S[PJLP ZF9M00F¶P S[PJLP ZF9M0ALPV[;;LP4 V[DPV[0ŸP4 5LV[RP0LP

WMZ6v)WMZ6v)WMZ6v)WMZ6v)WMZ6v)lJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH

5|IMHS5|IMHS5|IMHS5|IMHS5|IMHS

Z1FF V[RP p5FwIFIZ1FF V[RP p5FwIFIZ1FF V[RP p5FwIFIZ1FF V[RP p5FwIFIZ1FF V[RP p5FwIFIV[DPV[;;LP4 V[DPV[0ŸP

141141141141141

Page 158: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

JS"SF0" ;FlCtIJS"SF0" ;FlCtIJS"SF0" ;FlCtIJS"SF0" ;FlCtIJS"SF0" ;FlCtI

WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o ) lJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH V[SD oV[SD oV[SD oV[SD oV[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVM5|F6L5[XLVM5|F6L5[XLVM5|F6L5[XLVM5|F6L5[XLVM

JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6

5|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ6

DFU"NX"SDFU"NX"SDFU"NX"SDFU"NX"SDFU"NX"S0F¶P S[PJLP ZF9M00F¶P S[PJLP ZF9M00F¶P S[PJLP ZF9M00F¶P S[PJLP ZF9M00F¶P S[PJLP ZF9M0

5|IMHS5|IMHS5|IMHS5|IMHS5|IMHSZ1FF V[RP p5FwIFIZ1FF V[RP p5FwIFIZ1FF V[RP p5FwIFIZ1FF V[RP p5FwIFIZ1FF V[RP p5FwIFI

zLDTL H[P H[P S\]0l,IF U|[HI]V[8 8LR;" SM,[H4 s;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8Lf4 ZFHSM8

l5|I lJnFYL" lD+4

TD[ VtIFZ ;]WL H]NLvH]NL 5âlTVM äFZF VwIF5G SIÅ] K[P T[DF\ TD[ H]NLvH]NL HFTGF\ X{1Fl6S

;FlCtIGM p5IMU YTM HMIM K[P VCÄ TD[ JS"SF0" äFZF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIGF 5;\lNT

V[SDMGM VeIF; SZXMP T[ DF8[ TDFZ[ S. ZLT[ VFU/ JWJFG\] K[ T[ VF56[ ;DÒ ,.V[P

!P WMZ6 ) DF\ TDFZ[ E6JFGF YTF\ AWF V[SDMDF\YL S], +6 V[SDMGL 5;\NUL SZJFDF\ VFJ[,L

K[P VF NZ[S V[SDGM VeIF; SZJF DF8[ S], Z# JS"SF0" T{IFZ SZJFDF\ VFJ[,F\ K[P TDFZ[

NZZMH V[S S[ A[ lJQFIF\UGM VeIF; SZJFGM K[P NZ[S GJF TF;DF\ TDG[ VgI lJQFIF\UG\] JS"SF0"

VF5JFDF\ VFJX[P

ZP NZ[S JS"SF0"DF\ lJlJW 5[XLVM VG[ ;D]NFIMGL RRF" SZJFDF\ VFJL K[P T[ 5[XLVM VG[ ;D]NFIMGL

;DH}TL VF5JFDF\ VFJL K[P ;DH}TL VF%IF AFN T[GL GLR[ :JvD}<IF\SG DF8[ S[8,FS 5|`GM

VF5JFDF\ VFjIF K[P VF 5|̀ GMGF HJFA TDFZ[ V,U p¿Z5+DF\ ,BLG[ VF5JFGF K[P

#P NZ[S JS"SF0" XF\lTYL SF/Ò5}J"S JF\RLG[ NZ[S lJQFIF\UG[ AZFAZ ;DHJFGM K[P NZ[S lJQFIF\U

AZFAZ ;DHFI HFI tIFZ AFN H VFU/ JWJFG\] K[P

$P NZ[S 5|`GGM HJFA TDFZ[ lJRFZLG[ VF5JFGM K[P V[S56 5|`G KM0JFGM GYLP SM. 5|`GGM

HJFA VF5JFDF\ TS,LO 50[ TM OZLJFZ JS"SF0"GM VeIF; SZJFYL TDG[ 5|`GGM HJFA :5Q8

Y. HX[P

5P H[ H[ 5|`GMGF HJFA VF5JFDF\ D]xS[,L 50[ T[ V\U[GF D]¡F V,U GM\WMP OZLYL VwIIG SZMP

H~Z H6FI TM TDFZF lX1FS lD+GL DNN ,. XSM KMP

RF,M4 CJ[ JS"SF0" JF\RM VG[ VFU/ JWMPPPPP

142142142142142

Page 159: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

143 143 143 143 143

WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o ) lJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH V[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVMV[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVMV[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVMV[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVMV[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVM

lJnFYL"lD+4 VF JS"SF0"GM RLJ85}J"S VeIF; SZJFYL TD[4

!P! 5|F6L5[XLVMG\] JUL"SZ6 HF6L XSXMP!PZ VlWrKNLI 5[XLG\] :YFG VG[ ,1F6M HF6L XSXMP!P# VlWrKNLI 5[XLGF 5|SFZMGL DFlCTL D[/JL XSXMP!P$ VlWrKNLI 5[XLG[ ,UTF 5|̀ GMGF HJFA VF5L XSXMP

!P!!P!!P!!P!!P! 5|F6L5[XLVMG\ ] JUL"SZ65|F6L5[XLVMG\ ] JUL"SZ65|F6L5[XLVMG\ ] JUL"SZ65|F6L5[XLVMG\ ] JUL"SZ65|F6L5[XLVMG\ ] JUL"SZ6v AC]SMQFL 5|F6LVMDF\ 5[XLZRGF HMJF D/[ K[Pv 5[XLVMGF ;DgJIYL 5[XLT\+M TYF V\UMGL ZRGF YFI K[Pv prR S1FFGF 5|F6LXZLZGL 5[XLVMG\] D]bI RFZ 5|SFZDF\ JUL"SZ6 SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

s!f VlWrKNLI 5[XL sZf ;\IMHS 5[XLs#f :GFI]5[XL s$f R[TF5[XL

JS"SF0" o !JS"SF0" o !JS"SF0" o !JS"SF0" o !JS"SF0" o !

5[XL5[XL5[XL5[XL5[XL :YFG:YFG:YFG:YFG:YFG ,1F6M,1F6M,1F6M,1F6M,1F6M SFI"SFI"SFI"SFI"SFI" 5[8Fv5|SFZM5[8Fv5|SFZM5[8Fv5|SFZM5[8Fv5|SFZM5[8Fv5|SFZM

VlWrKNLI l XZLZGL VG[ T[DF\VFJ[,F V\UMGL ACFZ

l V\NZGL ;5F8L 5Z

l SMQFM DM8L ;\bIFDF\ CMIPl SMQFM V[SND GÒSv GÒS

VG[ V[SALHFGF ;\5S"DF\CMI K[P

l VF\TZSMQFLI VJSFXWZFJTF GYLP

l VF\TZSMQFLI ¹jI GlCJTPl 5[XLGF SMQFM VFWFZS,F

5Z RM\8LG[ ZC[ K[Pl VFWFZS,F VSMQFL :TZ K[P

VlWrKNG\] SFI" sVf ;Z/ VlWrKN!P ,FNL;DZP 3GFSFZ#P :T\ELI$P 51D,

sAf :T'T VlWrKN

Page 160: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

144 144 144 144 144

v TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M v

5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P! GLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MP

!P 5|F6L5[XLVMG\] JUL"SZ6 SIF RFZ 5|SFZDF\ SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ m

ZP VlWrKNLI 5[XLGF\ D]bI ,1F6M H6FJMP

#P VlWrKNLI 5[XLG\] :YFG H6FJMP

5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ GLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMP

!P VlWrKNLI 5[XL PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP G\] SFI" SZ[ K[P

ZP VlWrKNLI 5[XLGF D]bI PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP 5|SFZ K[P

#P ;Z/ VlWrKNGF D]bI PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP 5|SFZ K[P

$P AC]SMQFL 5|F6LVMDF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP GL ZRGF HMJF D/[ K[P

5P VlWrKNLI 5[XLGL ZRGFDF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP DM8L ;\bIFDF\ CMI K[P

&P VlWrKNLI 5[XLGF SMQFM JrR[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP CMTM GYLP

*P VlWrKNLI 5[XLDF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP VSMQFL :TZ K[P

(P 51D, VlWrKN PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP 5[XL K[P

)P VlWrKNLI 5[XLGF SMQFM PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP 5Z RM\8LG[ ZC[ K[P

Page 161: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

145 145 145 145 145

lJnFYL"lD+4 VF JS"SF0"GM RLJ85}J"S VeIF; SZJFYL TD[4

ZP! ,FNL;D VlWrKNGF ,1F6M VG[ :YFG lJX[ HF6L XSXMPZPZ 3GFSFZ VlWrKNGF ,1F6M VG[ :YFGGL DFlCTL D[/JL XSXMPZP# :T\ELI VlWrKNGF ,1F6M VG[ :YFGGL DFlCTL D[/JL XSXMPZP$ 51D, VlWrKNGF ,1F6M VG[ :YFGGL DFlCTL D[/JL XSXMPZP5 SFI"G[ VG],1FLG[ VlWrKN 5[XLGF 5|SFZMGM bIF, D[/JL XSXMP

ZP!ZP!ZP!ZP!ZP! ,FNL;D VlWrKNGF ,1F6M,FNL;D VlWrKNGF ,1F6M,FNL;D VlWrKNGF ,1F6M,FNL;D VlWrKNGF ,1F6M,FNL;D VlWrKNGF ,1F6Ml ,FNL;D VlWrKNGF SMQFM ,FNL H[JF R58F VG[ 5FT/F CMI K[Pl SMQFMGF DwIEFUDF\ SMQFS[gã CMI K[Pl SMQFM V[SALHF ;FY[ l;D[g8 ãjIYL HM0FI[,F CMI K[Pl SMQFM ,UEU QF8ŸSM6FSFZ CMI K[P

û :YFG o:YFG o:YFG o:YFG o:YFG o tJRFGL AFæ ;5F8L 5Z4 SMQ9FJZ6DF\ VG[ Z]lWZJFlCGLVMGL ACFZGL VG[ V\NZGL ;5F8L5ZP

ZPZZPZZPZZPZZPZ 3GFSFZ VlWrKNGF ,1F6M3GFSFZ VlWrKNGF ,1F6M3GFSFZ VlWrKNGF ,1F6M3GFSFZ VlWrKNGF ,1F6M3GFSFZ VlWrKNGF ,1F6Ml VF VlWrKNGF SMQFM 3G VFSFZGF CMI K[Pl SMQFMDF\ DwI:Y :5Q8 SMQFS[gã CMI K[Pl ;5F8L 5ZYL VF 5[XLGF SMQFM AC]SM6LI N[BFI K[P

û :YFG o:YFG o:YFG o:YFG o:YFG o YF.ZM.0 U|\lY4 5|:J[N U\|lY4 IS'TGl,SF4 D}+JFlCGLDF\PZP#ZP#ZP#ZP#ZP# :T\ELI VlWrKNGF ,1F6M:T\ELI VlWrKNGF ,1F6M:T\ELI VlWrKNGF ,1F6M:T\ELI VlWrKNGF ,1F6M:T\ELI VlWrKNGF ,1F6M

l VF 5[XLGF SMQFM 5CM/F. SZTF\ JWFZ[ êRF. WZFJ[ K[4T[YL :T\EFSFZ H6FI K[P

l SMQFMGF VFWFZS,F TZOGF K[0F ;F\S0F CMI K[Pl SMQFMDF\ ,\AUM/FSFZ SMQFS[gã CMI K[P T[ SMQFGF ;F\S0F K[0FDF\ CMI K[P

û :YFG o:YFG o:YFG o:YFG o:YFG o 5FRGDFU"GF V\NZGF V:TZDF\4 l5¿FXIG/LDF\4 HGGF\UMDF\4 ,F/U|\lYGL Gl,SFGF :TZDF\PZP$ZP$ZP$ZP$ZP$ 51D, VlWrKN51D, VlWrKN51D, VlWrKN51D, VlWrKN51D, VlWrKN

l VF 5[XLGF SMQFM UM/FSFZ4 3GFSFZ4 :T\EFSFZ S[ X\S] VFSFZGFCMI K[P

l SMQFMGF D]ST K[0[ 51DM CMI K[Pl 51DMGF C,GR,GG[ ,LW[ 5|JFC ;HF"I K[Pl ãjIMGF JCG DF8[ 5|JFC ;CFIS AG[ K[P

û :YFG o:YFG o:YFG o:YFG o:YFG o V\0JFlCGL4 `JF;G/L4 S\9G/L 5|N[X4 D}+l5\0Gl,SFPZP5ZP5ZP5ZP5ZP5 SFI"G[ VG],1FLG[ VlWrK 5[XLGF 5|SFZMSFI"G[ VG],1FLG[ VlWrK 5[XLGF 5|SFZMSFI"G[ VG],1FLG[ VlWrK 5[XLGF 5|SFZMSFI"G[ VG],1FLG[ VlWrK 5[XLGF 5|SFZMSFI"G[ VG],1FLG[ VlWrK 5[XLGF 5|SFZM

!P U|\lYI VlWrKN v :+FJ ;\A\lW VlWrKNZP ;\J[NL VlWrKN v ;\J[NGF VG]EJ[#P HGG VlWrKN v HGG SMQFMG\] lGDF"6 SZ[P$P VlEXMQFL VlWrKN v XMQF6 SZ[P

WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o ) lJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH V[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVMV[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVMV[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVMV[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVMV[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVM

JS"SF0" o ZJS"SF0" o ZJS"SF0" o ZJS"SF0" o ZJS"SF0" o Z

Page 162: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

146 146 146 146 146

5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P! GLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MP

!P ,FNL;D VlWrKNGF A[ ,1F6M H6FJMP

ZP 3GFSFZ VlWrKNGF :YFG H6FJMP

#P :T\ELI VlWrKNGF A[ ,1F6M H6FJMP

$P 51D, VlWrKNG\] :YFG H6FJMP

5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ GLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMP

!P 3GFSFZ VlWrKNGF SMQFM PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP VFSFZGF CMI K[P

ZP 51D, VlWrKNDF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP GF ;TT C,GR,GG[ ,LW[ 5|JFC ;HF"I K[P

#P ,FNL;D VlWrKN tJRFGL PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP ;5F8L 5Z HMJF D/[ K[P

$P VlEXMQFL VlWrKN PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP G\] SFI" SZ[ K[P

5 | P#5 | P#5 | P#5 | P#5 | P# lJEFUvV DF\ VF5[, 5[XLVMG[ lJEFUvA DF\ VF5[, SMQFM ;FY[ HM0MPlJEFUvV DF\ VF5[, 5[XLVMG[ lJEFUvA DF\ VF5[, SMQFM ;FY[ HM0MPlJEFUvV DF\ VF5[, 5[XLVMG[ lJEFUvA DF\ VF5[, SMQFM ;FY[ HM0MPlJEFUvV DF\ VF5[, 5[XLVMG[ lJEFUvA DF\ VF5[, SMQFM ;FY[ HM0MPlJEFUvV DF\ VF5[, 5[XLVMG[ lJEFUvA DF\ VF5[, SMQFM ;FY[ HM0MP

lJEFUvVlJEFUvVlJEFUvVlJEFUvVlJEFUvV lJEFUvAlJEFUvAlJEFUvAlJEFUvAlJEFUvA

!P 51D, VlWrKN !P QF8ŸSM6FSFZ SMQFM

ZP 3GFSFZ VlWrKN ZP :T\EFSFZ SMQFM

#P ,FNL;D VlWrKN #P R58F SMQFM

$P :T\ELI VlWrKN $P G/FSFZ SMQFM

5P 3GFSFZ SMQFM

&P 51DMG\] C,GR,G

v TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M v

Page 163: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

147 147 147 147 147

lJnFYL"lD+4 VF JS"SF0"GM RLJ85}J"S VeIF; SZJFYL TD[4

#P! :T'T VlWrKNGF ,1F6M VG[ :YFG HF6L XSXMP

#PZ VlWrKN 5[XLGF\ D]bI SFIM" HF6L XSXMP

#P!#P!#P!#P!#P! :T'T VlWrKNGF ,1F6M:T'T VlWrKNGF ,1F6M:T'T VlWrKNGF ,1F6M:T'T VlWrKNGF ,1F6M:T'T VlWrKNGF ,1F6M

l VF 5[XLDF\ SMQFMGF VG[S :TZ VFJ[,F CMI K[P

l VF 5[XLDF\ ;F{YL V\NZGL AFH] VFJ[,F :TZGF SMQFM

VFWFZS,F 5Z UM9JFIF CMI K[P

l VF SMQFM ÒJ\T VG[ lJEFHGXL, CMI K[P T[G[

V\S]Z6LI :TZ VYJF DFl<5l3IG :TZ SC[JFI K[P

l SMQFM UM/ S[ 3GFSFZ CMI K[P

l DFl<5l3IG :TZGF SMQFMGF ;TT lJEFHGYL ACFZGL TZO GJF SMQFM pD[ZFTF HFI K[P

ACFZGL TZO WS[,FTF HTF SMQFM R58F AG[ K[ VG[ SMQFZ; U]DFJLG[ lGÒ"J AG[ K[P

l :T'T VlWrKNGL ACFZGL ;5F8L 5Z ,FNL;D VlWrKN CMI K[P

û :YFG o:YFG o:YFG o:YFG o:YFG o JW] 3;FZM VG]EJFTM CMI T[JF EFUM H[JF S[4 tJRFG\ ] VlWRD"4 D/DFU"GF

V:TZDF\P

#PZ#PZ#PZ#PZ#PZ VlWrKN 5[XLGF\ D]bI SFIM"VlWrKN 5[XLGF\ D]bI SFIM"VlWrKN 5[XLGF\ D]bI SFIM"VlWrKN 5[XLGF\ D]bI SFIM"VlWrKN 5[XLGF\ D]bI SFIM"

l XZLZGL RFD0LGL ;5F8L 5Z VlWrKNLI 5[XL T[GL V\NZGF SMQFMG[ X]QSTF4 .HF4

ZMUHgI ÒJF6]VM VG[ Z;FI6MGL V;ZM ;FD[ Z1F6 5}Z\] 5F0[ K[P

l XZLZGL V\NZ D]BU]CFGL ;5F8L VG[ 5FRGDFU"GF ;F{YL V\NZGF :TZGL ZRGF SZL T[G\]

Z1F6 SZ[ K[P

l VF 5[XL 5F6L VG[ VgI 5MQFS ãjIGF XMQF6G\] SFI" SZ[ K[P

l VF 5[XL GSFDF4 CFlGSFZS 5NFYM" N}Z SZJFG\] SFI" SZ[ K[P

l S[8,LS VlWrKNLI 5[XL BF; ZRGF WZFJ[ K[ VG[ VUtIGF\ ãjIMGF\ ;|FJG\] SFI" SZ[ K[P

WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o ) lJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH V[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVMV[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVMV[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVMV[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVMV[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVM

JS"SF0" o #JS"SF0" o #JS"SF0" o #JS"SF0" o #JS"SF0" o #

Page 164: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

148 148 148 148 148

5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P! GLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MP

!P DFl<5l3IG :TZ V[8,[ X\] m

ZP :T'T VlWrKNG\] :YFG H6FJMP

#P :T'T VlWrKNGF SMQFMGM VFSFZ S[JM CMI K[ m

$P VlWrKN 5[XLGF\ D]bI SFIM" H6FJMP

5P :T'T VlWrKNGL ACFZGL ;5F8L 5Z X\] CMI K[ m

&P VlWrKN 5[XLDF\ ;F{YL V\NZGL AFH] VFJ[,F :TZGF SMQFM SIF UM9JFIF CMI K[ m

*P DFl<5l3IG :TZGF SMQFM SIFZ[ lGÒ"J AG[ K[ m

v TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M v

Page 165: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

149 149 149 149 149

WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o ) lJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH V[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVMV[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVMV[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVMV[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVMV[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVM

lJnFYL"lD+4 VF JS"SF0"GM RLJ85}J"S VeIF; SZJFYL TD[4

$P! ;\IMHS 5[XLGF\ ,1F6M HF6L XSXMP

$PZ ;\IMHS 5[XLGF\ 5|SFZMGL ;DH D[/JL XSXMP

$P# ;\IMHS 5[XLG\] JUL"SZ6 SZL XSXMP

$P$ lJX[QF ;\IMHS 5[XL V\U[GM bIF, D[/JL XSXMP

$P5 T\T]38S 5[XLGF :YFG VG[ ,1F6MYL DFlCTUFZ Y. XSXMP

$P& S\SF, ;\IMHS 5[XL V\U[GL DFlCTL D[/JL XSXMP

JS"SF0" o $JS"SF0" o $JS"SF0" o $JS"SF0" o $JS"SF0" o $

$P!$P!$P!$P!$P! ;\IMHS 5[XLGF\ ,1F6M;\IMHS 5[XLGF\ ,1F6M;\IMHS 5[XLGF\ ,1F6M;\IMHS 5[XLGF\ ,1F6M;\IMHS 5[XLGF\ ,1F6M;\IMHS 5[XL A[ 5[XLVM S[ V\UM JrR[ 5}ZTL SZTL S[ HM0F6 ;FWTL VG[ VFWFZ VF5TL

5[XL K[Pl ;\IMHS 5[XLGF\ ,1F6M GLR[ D]HA K[ ol VF 5[XLGF\ A[ 38SMDF\ (i) VF\TZSMQFLI ãjI (ii) SMQFMGM ;DFJ[X YFI K[P SMQFMGL ;\bIF

VMKL CMI K[Pl VF\TZSMQFLI ãjI lJX[QF 5|DF6DF\ CMI K[P VF ãjI 5[XLGF\ SMQFM J0[ ;HF"I K[Pl 5[XLGF SMQFM SMQFlJEFHG 5FDL GJF SMQFM ;H[" K[Pl VF\TZSMQFLI ãjIDF\ SMQFM K}8FKJFIF 5YZFI[,F S[ TZTF ZC[ K[Pl VF\TZSMQFLI ãjI 3Î Z;4 T\T]VM :J~5[ S[ 5|JFCL :J~5[ CMI K[P

$PZ$PZ$PZ$PZ$PZ ;\IMHS 5[XLGF 5|SFZM;\IMHS 5[XLGF 5|SFZM;\IMHS 5[XLGF 5|SFZM;\IMHS 5[XLGF 5|SFZM;\IMHS 5[XLGF 5|SFZMVF56F XZLZDF\ D]bI +6 5|SFZGL ;\IMHS 5[XLVM VFJ[,L CMI K[P

(i) lJX[QF ;\IMHS 5[XL (ii) S\SF, ;\IMHS 5[XL (iii) 5|JFCL ;\IMHS 5[XL

;\IMHS 5[XL

lJX[QF ;\IMHS 5[XL S\SF, ;\IMHS 5[XL 5|JFCL ;\IMHS 5[XL

SFl:Y Vl:Y Z]lWZ ,l;SF

$P$$P$$P$$P$$P$ lJX[QF ;\IMHS 5[XLlJX[QF ;\IMHS 5[XLlJX[QF ;\IMHS 5[XLlJX[QF ;\IMHS 5[XLlJX[QF ;\IMHS 5[XLv ,F1Fl6S ;\IMHS 5[XL K[Pv T[GM D]bI 5|SFZ T\T]38S 5[XL K[Pv lJX[QF ;\IMHS 5[XLDF\ D[N5}6"5[XL4 `J[TT\T]5[XL4 Vl:YA\W VG[ :GFI]A\WGM ;DFJ[X

YFI K[P

Page 166: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

150 150 150 150 150

$P5$P5$P5$P5$P5 T\T]38S 5[XLGF ,1F6MT\T]38S 5[XLGF ,1F6MT\T]38S 5[XLGF ,1F6MT\T]38S 5[XLGF ,1F6MT\T]38S 5[XLGF ,1F6Ml 5[XLG\] VF\TZSMQFLI ãjI ;DZ;4 3Î VG[ l:YTL:YF5S CMI K[Pl VF\TZSMQFLI ãjIDF\ 5L/F T\T]VM VG[ `J[T T\T]VM CMI K[Pl VF 5[XLDF\ +6 5|SFZGF SMQFM CMI K[ o

(i) T\T]SMQFM (ii) E1FS SMQFM (iii) DF:8 SMQFMû :YFG o:YFG o:YFG o:YFG o:YFG o VF 5[XL SMQ9FJZ64 VF\+A\W4 RFD0L VG[ :GFI]VMGL

JrR[4 VG[ V\UMGL OZT[ HMJF D/[ K[PT\T]38S 5[XL lJlEgG V\UMG[ T[DGF :YFG[ HF/JL ZFB[ K[P

$P&$P&$P&$P&$P& S\SF, ;\IMHS 5[XLS\SF, ;\IMHS 5[XLS\SF, ;\IMHS 5[XLS\SF, ;\IMHS 5[XLS\SF, ;\IMHS 5[XLl S\SF, ;\IMHS 5[XL 5'Q9J\XL 5|F6LVMDF\ V\ToS\SF,GL ZRGF

SZ[ K[Pl S\SF,5[XL :GFI]VMG[ HM0F6 5}Z\] 5F0JFG\]4 GFH]S V\UMG[ Z1F6

VF5JFG\]4 ;F\WFVM ZRJFG\]VG[ XZLZGM VFSFZ VG[ N[BFJ HF/JJFG\] SFI" SZ[ K[P

l S\SF, ;\IMHS 5[XL SFl:Y VG[ Vl:Y V[D A[ 5|SFZGL K[P

5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P! GLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMP

!P A[ 5[XLVM S[ V\UM JrR[ 5}Z6 SZTL S[ HM0F6 ;FWTL VG[ VFWFZ VF5TL 5[XLG[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

5[XL SC[ K[P

ZP ;\IMHS 5[XLGF\ A[ 38SMDF\ VF\TZSMQFLI ãjI VG[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP GM ;DFJ[X YFI K[P

#P ;\IMHS 5[XLGF D]bI PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP 5|SFZM K[P

$P SFl:Y VG[ Vl:Y PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP ;\IMHS 5[XLGF 5|SFZM K[P

5P Z]lWZ VG[ ,l;SF PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP ;\IMHS 5[XLGF 5|SFZM K[P

&P lJX[QF ;\IMHS 5[XLGM D]bI 5|SFZ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP K[P

*P T\T]38S 5[XLDF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP 5|SFZGF SMQFM CMI K[P

(P lJlEgG V\UMG[ T[DGF :YFG[ HF/JL ZFBJFG\] SFI" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP 5[XL SZ[ K[P

)P S\SF, ;\IMHS 5[XL 5'Q9J\XL 5|F6LVMDF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP GL ZRGF SZ[ K[P

5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ GLR[ VF5[F, lJWFG BZ] K[ S[ BM8\] T[ AFH]DF\ VF5[, BFGFDF\ NXF"JMP HM lJWFG BZ]GLR[ VF5[F, lJWFG BZ] K[ S[ BM8\] T[ AFH]DF\ VF5[, BFGFDF\ NXF"JMP HM lJWFG BZ]GLR[ VF5[F, lJWFG BZ] K[ S[ BM8\] T[ AFH]DF\ VF5[, BFGFDF\ NXF"JMP HM lJWFG BZ]GLR[ VF5[F, lJWFG BZ] K[ S[ BM8\] T[ AFH]DF\ VF5[, BFGFDF\ NXF"JMP HM lJWFG BZ]GLR[ VF5[F, lJWFG BZ] K[ S[ BM8\] T[ AFH]DF\ VF5[, BFGFDF\ NXF"JMP HM lJWFG BZ]

CMI TM cCMI TM cCMI TM cCMI TM cCMI TM c3c GL lGXFGL VG[ BM8\] CMI TM cc GL lGXFGL VG[ BM8\] CMI TM cc GL lGXFGL VG[ BM8\] CMI TM cc GL lGXFGL VG[ BM8\] CMI TM cc GL lGXFGL VG[ BM8\] CMI TM c7c GL lGXFGL SZJLPc GL lGXFGL SZJLPc GL lGXFGL SZJLPc GL lGXFGL SZJLPc GL lGXFGL SZJLP

!P ;\IMHS 5[XLDF\ VF\TZSMQFLI ãjI CMT\] GYLP

ZP T\T]38S 5[XL V[ lJX[QF ;\IMHS 5[XLGM D]bI 5|SFZ K[P

#P E1FS SMQFMV[ T\T]38S 5[XLDF\ HMJF D/[ K[P

$P SFl:Y VG[ Vl:Y 5|JFCL ;\IMHS 5[XLGF 5|SFZM K[P

5P T\T]38S 5[XL SMQ9FJZ6DF\ HMJF D/[ K[P

v TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M v

Page 167: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

151 151 151 151 151

WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o ) lJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH V[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVMV[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVMV[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVMV[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVMV[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVM

lJnFYL"lD+4 VF JS"SF0"GM RLJ85}J"S VeIF; SZJFYL TD[4

5P! lJlJW S\SF, ;\IMHS 5[XL JrR[GM E[N 5FZBL XSXMP

5P!P! S\SF, ;\IMHS 5[XLGF 5|SFZM lJX[ HF6L XSXMP

5PZ 5|JFCL ;\IMHS 5[XL lJX[ HF6L XSXMP

5P# :GFI]5[XLGL DFlCTL D[/JL XSXMP

5P!5P!5P!5P!5P! S\SF, ;\IMHS 5[XLGF 5|SFZMS\SF, ;\IMHS 5[XLGF 5|SFZMS\SF, ;\IMHS 5[XLGF 5|SFZMS\SF, ;\IMHS 5[XLGF 5|SFZMS\SF, ;\IMHS 5[XLGF 5|SFZMl A[ 5|SFZM o (i) SFl:Y (ii) Vl:Y(i) SFl:YSFl:YSFl:YSFl:YSFl:Y

v SFl:Y VF56F XZLZGF AC] VMKF EFUDF\ HMJF D/[ K[Pv GFSG\] 8[ZJ\] VG[ S6"5<,J SFl:YGF\ pNFCZ6 K[Pv SF:YGM V[S 5|SFZ SFRJTŸ SFl:Y K[P

û SFRJTŸ SFl:YGF\ ,1F6MSFRJTŸ SFl:YGF\ ,1F6MSFRJTŸ SFl:YGF\ ,1F6MSFRJTŸ SFl:YGF\ ,1F6MSFRJTŸ SFl:YGF\ ,1F6Mv VF\TZSMQFLI ãjI ;DZ;4 3Î4 5FZNX"S4 SFR H[J\ ]4 R/ST\] VG[ l:YTL:YF5S

CMI K[P T[DF\ T\T]VM HM. XSFTF GYLPv SFl:Y SMQFM DM8F SNGF4 SMQFS[gãI]ST CMI K[P T[VM 5|JFCLYL EZ[,F SMQF:YFGMDF\

A[ YL RFZGF ;D]CDF\ ZC[,F CMI K[Pû :YFG o:YFG o:YFG o:YFG o:YFG o SFRJTŸ SFl:Y Vl:YvlXZ 5Z VFJ[,\] CMI K[P

(ii) Vl:YVl:YVl:YVl:YVl:Yv Vl:Y 56 S\SF, ;\IMHS 5[XL K[Pv T[ ;BT4 3G4 AZ0 VG[ Vl:YTL:YF5S K[Pv T[GF VF\TZSMQFLI ãjIDF\ VM;LG VG[ lJlEgG 1FFZM CMI K[Pv T[DF\ S[l<XIDGF 1FFZM lJX[QF 5|DF6DF\ CMI K[Pv T[GF SMQFMG[ Vl:YSMQFM SC[ K[Pv Vl:YGL ZRGF H8L, CMI K[P

5PZ5PZ5PZ5PZ5PZ 5|JFCL ;\IMHS 5[XL5|JFCL ;\IMHS 5[XL5|JFCL ;\IMHS 5[XL5|JFCL ;\IMHS 5[XL5|JFCL ;\IMHS 5[XLl VF 5|SFZGL ;\IMHS 5[XLDF\ VF\TZSMQFLI ãjI 5|JFCL :J~5DF\ CMI K[Pl VF\TZSMQFLI ãjI B]A JWFZ[ 5|DF6DF\ CMI K[ VG[ SMQFM VMKL ;\bIFDF\ CMI K[Pl VF 5[XLDF\ Z]lWZ VG[ ,l;SFGM ;DFJ[X YFI K[P

û Z]lWZZ]lWZZ]lWZZ]lWZZ]lWZZ]lWZ 5|JFCL ;\IMHS 5[XL K[P T[GF VF\TZSMQFLI ãjIG[ Z]lWZZ;SC[ K[P T[DF\ Z]lWZSMQFM CMI K[P

û Z]lWZGF ,1F6MZ]lWZGF ,1F6MZ]lWZGF ,1F6MZ]lWZGF ,1F6MZ]lWZGF ,1F6Ml Z]lWZ 5|JFCL :J~5[ VG[ T\T]lJCLG CMI K[Pl N[0SFGF Z]lWZDF\ Z]lWZZ; 80% H[8,\] VG[ Z]lWZSMQFM 20% CMI K[Pl DFGJLGF Z]lWZDF\ Z]lWZZ; 55% VG[ Z]lWZSMQFM 45% CMI K[P

JS"SF0" o 5JS"SF0" o 5JS"SF0" o 5JS"SF0" o 5JS"SF0" o 5

Page 168: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

152 152 152 152 152

l Z]lWZSMQFM Z]lWZZ;DF\ D]ST TZTF CMI K[Pl Z]lWZSMQFMDF\ +6 5|SFZGF SMQFM CMI K[P

(i) ZSTS6M s,F, Z\UGFf(ii) `J[TS6M sZ\UlJCLGf(iii) +FSS6M sB}A H GFGFf

l Z]lWZ JCL HJFGM U]6 WZFJ[ K[Pl Z]lWZ XZLZGF NZ[S EFUMDF\ 5lZJCG 5FDLG[ T[VMG[ ;F\S/JFG\] SFI" SZ[ K[P p5ZF\T

5MQFS ãjIM4 pt;[RSM4 V\To;|FJM4 O2 VG[ CO

2 GF JCGG\] SFI" SZ[ K[P

5P#5P#5P#5P#5P# :GFI]5[XL:GFI]5[XL:GFI]5[XL:GFI]5[XL:GFI]5[XLl XZLZGF TYF V\UMGF C,GR,G ;FY[ ;\S/FI[,L 5[XL K[Pl :GFI]SMQFM ,F\AF4 +FSFSFZ S[ G/FSFZ CMI K[ T[YL T[G[ :GFI]T\T]VM SC[ K[Pl XZLZGF\ V\UM VG[ p5F\UMDF\ C,GR,G :GFI]T\T]VMGF ;\SMRG VG[ lXlY,GG[ 5lZ6FD[

YFI K[PVF 5[XLGF SMQFMDF\ ;\SMRGXL, 5|M8LG CMI K[P:GFI]5[XLGF A\WFZ64 :YFG VG[ SFI"G[ VFWFZ[ +6 5|SFZM 50[ K[ o(i) S\SF, :GFI] q Z[lBT :GFI](ii) SMQ9F\TZ :GFI] q ;Z[lBT :GFI](iii) ìN :GFI]

5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P! GLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MP!P 5|JFCL ;\IMHS 5[XLGF GFD VF5MPZP Z]lWZGF VF\TZSMQFLI ãjIG[ X\] SC[ K[ m#P Z]lWZG\] SFI" H6FJMP$P :GFI]5[XLGF 5|SFZM H6FJMP

5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P! GLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMP!P SFl:Y VG[ Vl:Y V[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP 5[XLGF 5|SFZM K[PZP GFSG\] 8[ZJ\] VG[ S6"5<,J PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP GF pNFCZ6 K[P#P SFRJTŸ SFl:Y PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP 5Z VFJ[,\] CMI K[P$P Vl:YGF VF\TZSMQFLI ãjIDF\ lJlEgG 1FFZM VG[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP CMI K[P5P Vl:YGF VF\TZSMQFLI ãjIDF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP GF 1FFZM lJX[QF 5|DF6DF\ CMI K[P&P Z]lWZSMQFM PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP DF\ D]ST TZTF ZC[ K[P*P N[0SFGF\ Z]lWZDF\ Z]lWZZ;G\] 5|DF6 ,UEU PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP CMI K[P(P DFGJLGF Z]lWZDF\ Z]lWZSMQFM PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP 5|DF6DF\ CMI K[P)P XZLZGF V\UMGF C,GR,G ;FY[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP 5[XL ;\S/FI[,L K[P

v TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M v

Page 169: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

153 153 153 153 153

WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o ) lJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH V[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVMV[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVMV[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVMV[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVMV[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVM

lJnFYL"lD+4 VF JS"SF0"GM RLJ85}J"S VeIF; SZJFYL TD[4

&P! S\SF, :GFI] q Z[lBT :GFI] lJX[ HF6L XSXMP&PZ SMQ9F\TZ :GFI] q VZ[lBT :GFI] lJX[ HF6L XSXMP&P# ìN :GFI] V\U[GL DFlCTL D[/JL XSXMP&P$ R[TF5[XL V\U[GL ;DH D[/JL XSXMP&P5 R[TFSMQFMGL ZRGF NMZL XSXMP

&P!&P!&P!&P!&P! S\SF, :GFI] q Z[lBT :GFI]S\SF, :GFI] q Z[lBT :GFI]S\SF, :GFI] q Z[lBT :GFI]S\SF, :GFI] q Z[lBT :GFI]S\SF, :GFI] q Z[lBT :GFI]

l VF 5[XL :GFI]A\W J0[ S\SF, ;FY[ HM0FI[,L CMI K[P

l XZLZGF C,GR,G DF8[ HJFANFZ K[P

l VF 5[XLG\] ;\SMRG 5|F6LGL .rKFXlST D]HA YFI K[P T[YL T[G[ V{lrKS :GFI] SC[ K[P

SMQFM ,F\AF4 G/FSFZ4 VXFlBT CMI K[P

l :GFI]T\T]VM AC]SMQFS[gãL CMI K[P

l :GFI]SMQFZ;DF\ :GFI]T\T]SM CMI K[P T[GL UM9J6L :GFI]T\T]GL ,\AF.G[ VG]~5 CMI K[P

l :GFI]T\T]VMDF\ V[SFgTlZT ZLT[ UM9JFI[,L 3[ZL VG[ VFKL 5ÎLVM CMI K[P

l Z[lBT :GFI]T\T]VMG\] ;\SMRG h05YL YFI K[4 T[YL T[ YFSL HFI K[P

&PZ&PZ&PZ&PZ&PZ SMQ9F\TZ :GFI] q VZ[lBT :GFI]SMQ9F\TZ :GFI] q VZ[lBT :GFI]SMQ9F\TZ :GFI] q VZ[lBT :GFI]SMQ9F\TZ :GFI] q VZ[lBT :GFI]SMQ9F\TZ :GFI] q VZ[lBT :GFI]

û :YFG o:YFG o:YFG o:YFG o:YFG o VF 5[XL H9Z4 VF\TZ0F\4 O[O;F\4 D}+FXI4 Z]lWZJFlCGLVM JU[Z[

VG{lrKS V\UMDF\ HMJF D/[ K[P

û ,1F6M o,1F6M o,1F6M o,1F6M o,1F6M o

l VF 5[XLGL ZRGF ;Z/ CMI K[P

l :GFI]T\T]VM ,F\AF4 A\G[ K[0[YL V6LNFZ4 +FSFSFZ K[P

l NZ[S :GFI]T\T]GF DwIDF\ OST V[S DM8\] SMQFS[gã CMI K[P

l :GFI]T\T]DF\ V[SF\TZ[ 3[ZL VG[ VFKL 5ÎLVM CMTL GYLP

l T[VMG\] ;\SMRG 5|F6LGL .rKFXlST D]HA YT] GYL4 T[YL T[G[ VG{lrKS :GFI] SC[ K[P

l T[VMG\] ;\SMRG WLD\] YT\] CMJFYL YFSL HTF GYLP

&P#&P#&P#&P#&P# ìN :GFI]ìN :GFI]ìN :GFI]ìN :GFI]ìN :GFI]

û :YFG o:YFG o:YFG o:YFG o:YFG o ìNIGL NLJF,GL ZRGFDF\ VFJ[,L lJlXQ8 :GFI]5[XL K[P

û ,1F6M o,1F6M o,1F6M o,1F6M o,1F6M o

l :GFI]T\T]VM 8}\SF4 G/FSFZ VG[ V[SD[SG[ ;DF\TZ UM9JFI[,F CMI K[P :GFI]T\T]VM XFlBT K[P

l :GFI]T\T]DF\ ê0[ S[gãDF\ UM9JFI[,F\ V[S S[ A[ SMQFS[gã CMI K[P

JS"SF0" o &JS"SF0" o &JS"SF0" o &JS"SF0" o &JS"SF0" o &

Page 170: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

154 154 154 154 154

l ìNI :GFI]G\] ;\SMRG VG[ lXlY,G ;DUlTS4 TF,Aâ VG[ ÒJG5IÅT YFSIF JUZ

V[SWFZ\] YFI K[P T[ T[GL VFUJL lJlXQ8TF K[P

l ìNI :GFI]T\T]VM ;[T] äFZF V[SALHF ;FY[ HM0FI[,F ZC[ K[P

&P$&P$&P$&P$&P$ R[TF5[XLR[TF5[XLR[TF5[XLR[TF5[XLR[TF5[XL

l VF 5[XLGF SMQFM ;\J[NGXL, CMI K[ T[YL élD"J[UG\] JCG SZLG[

VF56G[ VF56L ;\J[NGFYL 5lZlRT SZ[ K[P

l DUH4 SZM0ZHH] VG[ R[TFVM R[TF5[XLYL AG[,L CMI K[P

l VF 5[XLGL ZRGF R[TFSMQFM VG[ VFWFZSMQFM V[D A[ 5|SFZGF SMQFM J0[ YFI K[P

l R[TFSMQFM R[TF5[XLGF A\WFZ6LI V[SD K[P

l VFWFZSMQFM 8}\SF 5|JWM" WZFJ[ K[ VG[ R[TFWFZ ZR[ K[4 H[ R[TFSMQFMG[ VFWFZ VF5[ K[P

&P5&P5&P5&P5&P5 R[TFSMQFMGL ZRGFR[TFSMQFMGL ZRGFR[TFSMQFMGL ZRGFR[TFSMQFMGL ZRGFR[TFSMQFMGL ZRGF

l R[TFSMQFMGL ZRGFDF\

(i) SMQFSFI v H[DF\ SMQFZ; VG[ SMQFS[gã CMI K[P

(ii) 5|JWM" v V[S 5|JW" AlCJF"CL CMI T[G[ V1FT\T] SC[ K[P

AFSLGF 5|JWM" lXBFT\T] SC[JFI K[4 H[ V\TJF"CL CMI K[P

l R[TFSMQFM V[SALHFGL ;FY[ ;LWF EF{lTS ;\5S"DF\ CMTF GYLP

l V[S R[TFSMQFMGF V1FT\T]GM K[0M VG[ VgI R[TFSMQFGF lXBFT\T]GF K[0F JrR[ ;]1D VJSFX

CMI K[4 H[G[ R[TM5FUD SC[ K[P

l R[TFSMQFM V[S9F D/LG[ R[TFS\NGL ZRGF SZ[ K[P

l VJFCS 50YL JÄ8/FI[,F V1FT\T] S[ lXBFT\T]G[ R[TFT\T] SC[ K[P

l R[TFT\T]VM ;D}CDF\ UM9JF.G[ R[TFGL ZRGF SZ[ K[P

Page 171: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

155 155 155 155 155

5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P! GLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MP

!P V{lrKS :GFI] SMG[ SC[JFI m

ZP VZ[lBT :GFI]G\] :YFG H6FJMP

#P VZ[lBT :GFI]G[ ALHF SIF GFD[ VM/BJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ m

$P ìN :GFI] SIF\ VFJ[,F CMI K[ m

5P ìN :GFI]GL VFUJL lJlXQ8TF S. K[ m

&P R[TF5[XLDF\ SIF A[ 5|SFZGF SMQFM CMI K[ m

*P R[TFSMQFGL ZRGFGF D]bI A[ EFUM H6FJMP

(P R[TM5FUD V[8,[ X\] m

)P VJFCS 50YL JÄ8/FI[,F V1FT\T]G[ X\] SC[JFI K[ m

!_P R[TFT\T]VM ;D}CDF\ UM9JF.G[ XFGL ZRGF SZ[ K[ m

!!P R[TFSMQFMGL ZRGF VFS'lT ;C J6"JMP

5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ GLR[ VF5[, lJWFG DF8[ IMuI lJS<5 5;\N SZL ;FRM lJS<5 AFH]GF BFGFDF\ D}SMPGLR[ VF5[, lJWFG DF8[ IMuI lJS<5 5;\N SZL ;FRM lJS<5 AFH]GF BFGFDF\ D}SMPGLR[ VF5[, lJWFG DF8[ IMuI lJS<5 5;\N SZL ;FRM lJS<5 AFH]GF BFGFDF\ D}SMPGLR[ VF5[, lJWFG DF8[ IMuI lJS<5 5;\N SZL ;FRM lJS<5 AFH]GF BFGFDF\ D}SMPGLR[ VF5[, lJWFG DF8[ IMuI lJS<5 5;\N SZL ;FRM lJS<5 AFH]GF BFGFDF\ D}SMP

!P XZLZGF C,GR,G DF8[ HJFANFZ :GFI] H6FJMP

sVf S\SF, :GFI] sAf VZ[lBT :GFI]

sSf ìN :GFI] s0f R[TF5[XL

ZP ìN :GFI] SIF\ HMJF D/[ K[ m

sVf DUHDF\ sAf ìNIGL lNJF,DF\

sSf VF\TZ0F\DF\ s0f O[O;FDF\

#P S. 5[XLGF SMQFM ;\J[NGXL, CMI K[ m

sVf ìN :GFI]5[XL sAf SMQ9F\TZ 5[XL

sSf R[TF5[XL s0f Z[lBT :GFI]5[XL

$P R[TF5[XLGM A\WFZ6LI V[SD H6FJMP

sVf SMQFSFI sAf 5|JW"

sSf lXBFT\T] s0f R[TFSMQF

v TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M v

Page 172: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

156 156 156 156 156

WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o ) lJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH V[SD o JG:5lT JUL"SZ6V[SD o JG:5lT JUL"SZ6V[SD o JG:5lT JUL"SZ6V[SD o JG:5lT JUL"SZ6V[SD o JG:5lT JUL"SZ6

lJnFYL"lD+4 VF JS"SF0"GM RLJ85}J"S VeIF; SZJFYL TD[4

!P! JUL"SZ6 lJX[ HF6L XSXMP!PZ JUL"SZ6G\] DCÀJ HF6L XSXMP!P# GFDSZ6 lJX[ HF6L XSXMP!P$ JG:5lT JUL"SZ6 lJX[ HF6L XSXMP!P5 JUL"SZ6G[ ,UTF 5|̀ GMGF HJFA VF5L XSXMP

!P!!P!!P!!P!!P! JUL "SZ6JUL "SZ6JUL "SZ6JUL "SZ6JUL "SZ6v N]lGIFGF V,UvV,U 5|N[XMDF\ H]NLvH]NL HFlTGF ;ÒJM VFJ[,F CMI K[Pv ;ÒJMDF\ ZRGF4 SFI"4 JT"G 5IF"JZ6 ;FY[GL VG]S}/TFGL ¹lQ8V[ 36L lJlJWTF CMI

K[P V[8,[ S[ ;ÒJ ;'lQ8DF\ VDIF"lNT J{lJwI K[Pv ;ÒJMGF VeIF; VG[ VM/B DF8[ T[DG[ lJlJW A\WFZ6LI S1FFVMGM VFWFZ ,.G[

lGIDFG];FZ jIJl:YT H}YDF\ JC[\RJF H~ZL AG[ K[Pv JUL"SZ6 V[8,[ JC[\RJ\]P

;ÒJMGL lJlJW A\WFZ6LI S1FFVMGM VFWFZ ,.G[ T[VMGL JrR[GL ;FdITF VG[;ÒJMGL lJlJW A\WFZ6LI S1FFVMGM VFWFZ ,.G[ T[VMGL JrR[GL ;FdITF VG[;ÒJMGL lJlJW A\WFZ6LI S1FFVMGM VFWFZ ,.G[ T[VMGL JrR[GL ;FdITF VG[;ÒJMGL lJlJW A\WFZ6LI S1FFVMGM VFWFZ ,.G[ T[VMGL JrR[GL ;FdITF VG[;ÒJMGL lJlJW A\WFZ6LI S1FFVMGM VFWFZ ,.G[ T[VMGL JrR[GL ;FdITF VG[lEgGTFGF VFWFZ[4 T[DG[ GFGF\DM8F\ H}YDF\ JC[ \RJFGL J{7FlGS 5âlTG[ JUL"SZ6 SC[ K[PlEgGTFGF VFWFZ[4 T[DG[ GFGF\DM8F\ H}YDF\ JC[ \RJFGL J{7FlGS 5âlTG[ JUL"SZ6 SC[ K[PlEgGTFGF VFWFZ[4 T[DG[ GFGF\DM8F\ H}YDF\ JC[ \RJFGL J{7FlGS 5âlTG[ JUL"SZ6 SC[ K[PlEgGTFGF VFWFZ[4 T[DG[ GFGF\DM8F\ H}YDF\ JC[ \RJFGL J{7FlGS 5âlTG[ JUL"SZ6 SC[ K[PlEgGTFGF VFWFZ[4 T[DG[ GFGF\DM8F\ H}YDF\ JC[ \RJFGL J{7FlGS 5âlTG[ JUL"SZ6 SC[ K[P

JUL"SZ6GF VeIF; DF8[GL lJ7FGGL XFBFG[ JUL"SZ6lJnF JUL"SZ6GF VeIF; DF8[GL lJ7FGGL XFBFG[ JUL"SZ6lJnF JUL"SZ6GF VeIF; DF8[GL lJ7FGGL XFBFG[ JUL"SZ6lJnF JUL"SZ6GF VeIF; DF8[GL lJ7FGGL XFBFG[ JUL"SZ6lJnF JUL"SZ6GF VeIF; DF8[GL lJ7FGGL XFBFG[ JUL"SZ6lJnF (Taxonomy) SC[ K[P SC[ K[P SC[ K[P SC[ K[P SC[ K[P

!PZ!PZ!PZ!PZ!PZ JUL"SZ6G\] DCÀJJUL"SZ6G\] DCÀJJUL"SZ6G\] DCÀJJUL"SZ6G\] DCÀJJUL"SZ6G\] DCÀJJUL"SZ6 lJnF ÒJlJ7FGGL V[S VUtIGL XFBF K[P

v JUL"SZ6YL lJlJW 5|SFZGF ;ÒJMGM VeIF; ;Z/TFYL Y. XS[ K[Pv JUL"SZ6GL DNNYL ;ÒJMGF 5FZ:5lZS ;\A\WM V\U[GL HF6SFZL 5|F%T YFI K[Pv ÒJlJ7FGGL VgI XFBFVM H[JL S[ 5lZl:YlTlJnF4 H{JE}UM/ VG[ H{JJT"GXF:+GF

lJSF; DF8[ JUL"SZ6 5FIFGL DFlCTL 5}ZL 5F0[ K[Pv 5|FIMlHT ÒJlJ7FG (Applied Biology) GF\ S[8,F\S 1F[+M H[JF S[ S'lQFlJnF4 ;FDFlHS

VFZMuI JU[Z[ 1F[+M JUL"SZ6GL DFlCTL 5Z VFWFlZT CMI K[P!P#!P#!P#!P#!P# GFDSZ6GFDSZ6GFDSZ6GFDSZ6GFDSZ6

v GFDSZ6 V[8,[ GFD VF5J\]P q VM/B VF5JLPv ;ÒJMG[ V[SALHFYL V,U VM/BJF GFD VF5J\] H~ZL K[Pv ;ÒJG\] :YFlGS ;FDFgI GFD SM. V[S 5|N[X VG[ ;D]NFIGF ,MSM DF8[ 5}ZT\] K[P 5Z\T]

N]lGIFGF VgI 5|N[XMDF\ TM GFD p5IMUL GYLP VFYL ;ÒJG\] V[S J{7FlGS GFD CMJ\]H~ZL K[4 H[ ;J"U|FCL CMIP

v ;ÒJMG[ GFD VF5JFGL J{7FlGS 5âlTG[ läGFDL GFDSZ6 5âlT SC[ K[Pv NZ[S ;ÒJGF GFDDF\ A[ GFDGM ;DFJ[X YFI K[P 5|YD GFD 5|HFlTG\] VG[ ALH\] GFD

HFlTG\] ,BJFDF\ VFJ[ K[PNFPTP s!f DFGJG\] J{7FlGS GFD CMDM ;[l5Ig;CMDM ;[l5Ig;CMDM ;[l5Ig;CMDM ;[l5Ig;CMDM ;[l5Ig; K[P H[DF\ CMDM 5|HFlTG\] GFD VG[;[l5Ig; HFlTG\] GFD K[PT[ H 5|DF6[4 sZf DSF.G\] J{7FlGS GFD hLIF D[.hhLIF D[.hhLIF D[.hhLIF D[.hhLIF D[.h K[P

JS"SF0" o *JS"SF0" o *JS"SF0" o *JS"SF0" o *JS"SF0" o *

Page 173: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

157 157 157 157 157

v läGFDL GFDSZ6 5âlT l,lGI;l,lGI;l,lGI;l,lGI;l,lGI; GFDGF J{7FlGS[ VF5L K[Pv ;ÒJGF\ J{7FlGS GFD VHM0 CMI K[ VG[ N]lGIFEZDF\ T[ H GFDGM p5IMU SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[Pv ;ÒJG\] GFDSZ6 SZTL JBT[ GFDSZ6GL VF\TZFQ8=LI VFRFZ;\lCTFGF lGlN"Q8 lGIDMG\]

5F,G SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P!P$!P$!P$!P$!P$ JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6

JG:5lT JUL"SZ6 lJlJW 5âlTVM äFZF YFI K[Pv JG:5lTGF JUL"SZ6GL JW] 5|Rl,T 5âlT D]HA JG:5lT JUL"SZ6GM VeIF; SZLV[P

H[DF\4 JG:5lT ;'lQ8G[ D]bI A[ p5;'lQ8DF\ JUL"S'T SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ o(i) V5]Q5L (ii) ;5]Q5L

JG:5lT JUL"SZ6;'lQ8 o JG:5lT

p5;'lQ8 o V5]Q5L ;5]Q5L

lJEFU o V[SF\UL läV\UL l+V\UL VGFJ'¿ ALHWFZL VFJ'¿ ALHWFZLpNFP pNFP pNFPlZlS;VF C\;ZFH ;FIS;DM; 5FIG;DFS["lgIF

JU" o läN/L V[SN/LpNFP ;}I"D]BL pNFP DSF.

;D]NFI o

;L.hMOFI8F ,L, O}U ,F.S[GpNFP A[S8[lZIF pNFP :5FIZMUFIZF pNFP IL:8 pNFP pl:GIF

;UF";G dI]SZ l,IFA[8=MSM:5D"D lA,F0LGM 8M5

v TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M v

5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P! GLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MP!P ;ÒJMDF\ S.vS. AFATMDF\ lJlJWTF CMI K[ mZP JUL"SZ6 V[8,[ X\] m#P JUL"SZ6G\] DCÀJ H6FJMP5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ GLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMP!P ;ÒJMG[ GFD VF5JFGL J{7FlGS 5âlTG[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP 5âlT SC[ K[PZP DFGJLG\] J{7FlGS GFD PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP K[P#P hLIF D[.hV[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP G\] J{7FlGS GFD K[P$P p5;'lQ8 v V5]Q5LG[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP lJEFUMDF\ JC[\RJFDF\ VFJ[, K[P5P lJEFU v VFJ'T ALHWFZLDF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP JU"GM ;DFJ[X YFI K[P&P A[S8[lZIFGM ;DFJ[X PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP ;D]NFIDF\ YFI K[P

Page 174: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

158 158 158 158 158

lJnFYL"lD+4 VF JS"SF0"GM RLJ85}J"S VeIF; SZJFYL TD[4

ZP! V5]Q5L VG[ ;5]Q5L JG:5lT lJX[ HF6L XSXMP

ZPZ p5;'lQ8 v V5]Q5LGF lJEFU V[SF\UL lJX[ HF6L XSXMP

ZP# lJEFU v V[SF\ULGF ;D]NFI ;F.hMOFI8F lJX[ HF6L XSXMP

ZP!ZP!ZP!ZP!ZP! V5]Q5L VG[ ;5]Q5L JG:5lTV5]Q5L VG[ ;5]Q5L JG:5lTV5]Q5L VG[ ;5]Q5L JG:5lTV5]Q5L VG[ ;5]Q5L JG:5lTV5]Q5L VG[ ;5]Q5L JG:5lTv V5]Q5L JG:5lT 5]Q5 S[ ALH WZFJTL GYLPv ;5]Q5L JG:5lTGF ÒJGSF/ NZdIFG 5]Q5 VG[ ALH ;HF"I K[Pv ALHWFZ6 SZTL VFJL ;5]Q5L JG:5lTG[ ALHWFZL JG:5lT 56 SC[ K[Pv V5]Q5L JG:5lTG[ 5[XLA\WFZ6 VG[ V\UZRGFG[ VFWFZ[ +6 lJEFUDF\ JC[\RJFDF\ VFJ[

K[ o V[SF\UL4 läV\UL VG[ l+V\ULPv V[SF\UL V[8,[ V[S V\U K[ T[JL JG:5lTPv läV\UL V[8,[ A[ V\U K[ T[JL JG:5lTPv l+V\UL V[8,[ +6 V\U K[ T[JL JG:5lTP

ZPZZPZZPZZPZZPZ lJEFU o V[SF\ULlJEFU o V[SF\ULlJEFU o V[SF\ULlJEFU o V[SF\ULlJEFU o V[SF\ULv VF lJEFUGL JG:5lT V[SSMQFL VYJF AC]SMQFL J;FCTL VG[ 5[XLZRGFlJCLG CMI K[P

T[DF\ D}/4 5|SF\0 VG[ 56" H[JF\ V\UM CMTF\ GYLPv D}/4 5|SF\0 VG[ 56" H[JF\ V\UM G WZFJTF JG:5lTN[CG[ c;]SFIc SC[ K[Pv T[DGF\ 5|HGG V\UM V[SSMQFL CMI K[P O,G AFN Ol,TF\0 E| }6 S[ UE" E| }6 S[ UE" E| }6 S[ UE" E| }6 S[ UE" E| }6 S[ UE" AGFJTF GYL4

T[YL T[G[ E|}6lJlCG JG:5lTE|}6lJlCG JG:5lTE|}6lJlCG JG:5lTE|}6lJlCG JG:5lTE|}6lJlCG JG:5lT 56 SC[ K[PV[SF \UL lJEFUGL JG:5lTG[ RFZ p5lJEFU s;D]NFIfDF\ JUL"S 'T SZJFDF\ VFJ[K[ o ;F.hMOFI8F4 ,L,4 O}U4 ,F.S[GP

ZP#ZP#ZP#ZP#ZP# ;F.hMOFI8F;F.hMOFI8F;F.hMOFI8F;F.hMOFI8F;F.hMOFI8Fv A[S8[lZIF S[ ÒJF6] TZLS[ VM/BFTF\ V[SSMQFL ;}1D VFlNSMQFS[gãL ;ÒJMGM ;DFJ[X

;F.hMOFI8FDF\ YFI K[Pv T[VMGF SMQF lJlJW VFSFZGF CMI K[ H[JF S[ UM,F6]4 N\0F6]4 ;5F"6] VG[ JS|F6]Pv 5MQF6GL AFATDF\ T[VM D'TM5ÒJL S[ 5ZM5ÒJL K[P S[8,FS :JM5ÒJL 56 K[Pv 5|HGG D]bItJ[ Vl,\UL släEFHG S[ ALHF6];H"Gf S[ 5|FYlDS S1FFGL l,\UL 5âlT

s;\I]uDGf YL YFI K[P pNFP A[S8[lZIFv D'TM5ÒJL V[8,[ D'T 5|F6LVM 5Z GEGFZFPv 5ZM5ÒJL V[8,[ VgI 5|F6LVMGF XZLZDF\ ZCL 5MQF6 D[/JGFZFPv :JM5ÒJL V[8,[ 5MTFGL HFT[ 5MTFGM BMZFS T{IFZ SZL ÒJGFZFP

JS"SF0" o (JS"SF0" o (JS"SF0" o (JS"SF0" o (JS"SF0" o (

WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o ) lJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH V[SD o JG:5lT JUL"SZ6V[SD o JG:5lT JUL"SZ6V[SD o JG:5lT JUL"SZ6V[SD o JG:5lT JUL"SZ6V[SD o JG:5lT JUL"SZ6

Page 175: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

159 159 159 159 159

5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P! GLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MP

!P ;5]Q5L JG:5lTG[ ALHWFZL JG:5lT 56 SC[ K[P XF DF8[ m

ZP V5]Q5L JG:5lTG[ SIF +6 lJEFUDF\ JC[\RJFDF\ VFJL K[ m

#P ;]SFI SMG[ SC[ K[ m

$P ;D]NFI ;F.hMOFI8FGF SMQFMGF VFSFZ H6FJMP

5P ;D]NFI ;F.hMOFI8FGF ;ÒJMDF\ 5|HGG S. ZLT[ YFI K[ m

5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ GLR[GF lJWFGM DF8[ XaN ;D}C DF8[ V[S XaN VF5MPGLR[GF lJWFGM DF8[ XaN ;D}C DF8[ V[S XaN VF5MPGLR[GF lJWFGM DF8[ XaN ;D}C DF8[ V[S XaN VF5MPGLR[GF lJWFGM DF8[ XaN ;D}C DF8[ V[S XaN VF5MPGLR[GF lJWFGM DF8[ XaN ;D}C DF8[ V[S XaN VF5MP

!P 5]Q5 G WZFJTL JG:5lT X\] SC[JFI K[ m PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

ZP ALHWFZ6 SZTL JG:5lTG[ X\] SC[ K[ m PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

#P E|}6 S[ UE" G WZFJTL JG:5lTG[ SIF GFD[ VM/BLV[ KLV[ m PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

$P H[ SMQFMGF VFSFZ UM/ CMI T[G[ S[JF SMQFM SC[JFI m PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

5P D}/4 5|SF\0 VG[ 56" H[JF V\UM G CMI T[JF JG:5lT N[CG[ X\] SC[ K[ m PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

v TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M v

Page 176: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

160 160 160 160 160

WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o ) lJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH V[SD o JG:5lT JUL"SZ6V[SD o JG:5lT JUL"SZ6V[SD o JG:5lT JUL"SZ6V[SD o JG:5lT JUL"SZ6V[SD o JG:5lT JUL"SZ6

lJnFYL"lD+4 VF JS"SF0"GM RLJ85}J"S VeIF; SZJFYL TD[4

#P! ;D]NFI o ,L, lJX[ HF6L XSXMP#PZ ;D]NFI o ,L,GF pNFCZ6M HF6L XSXMP#P# ;D]NFI o O}U lJX[ HF6L XSXMP#P$ ;D]NFI o O}UGF pNFCZ6M HF6L XSXMP#P5 ;D]NFI o ,F.S[G lJX[ HF6L XSXMP#P& ;D]NFI o ,F.S[GGF pNFCZ6M HF6L XSXMP

#P!#P!#P!#P!#P! ;D]NFI o ,L,;D]NFI o ,L,;D]NFI o ,L,;D]NFI o ,L,;D]NFI o ,L,

v JG:5lTN[C V[SSMQFL S[ AC]SMQFL4 5[XLZRGFlJCLG VG[ J;FCTL CMI K[P

v ,L,GF ;]SFI T\T]DI4 5ÎLDI S[ UM/FSFZ :J~5 NXF"J[ K[P

v SMQFMDF\ :5Q8 ;]IMlHT SMQFS[gã CMI K[P

v T[ 5F6LDF\ VG[ E[HJF/L ;5F8L 5Z J;[ K[P

v ClZTãjI WZFJ[ K[P 5|SFX;\`,[QF6 SZL BMZFS T{IFZ SZ[ K[P T[YL T[ :JM5ÒJL 5MQF6

WZFJ[ K[P

v S[8,LS ,L,DF\ ClZTãjI p5ZF\T VgI Z\HSãjIMGL CFHZL 56 CMI K[P T[GF VFWFZ[

T[DGF 5|SFZM 50[ K[P NFPTP ZFTL ,L,4 ANFDL ,L, JU[Z[P

v T[VMDF\ 5|HGG Vl,\UL 5âlT ALHF6] äFZF4 läEFHGYL VG[ l,\UL 5|HGG ;\I]uDG

5âlTYL YFI K[P

#PZ#PZ#PZ#PZ#PZ ;D]NFI o ,L,GF pNFCZ6M;D]NFI o ,L,GF pNFCZ6M;D]NFI o ,L,GF pNFCZ6M;D]NFI o ,L,GF pNFCZ6M;D]NFI o ,L,GF pNFCZ6M

v :5FIZMUFIZF

v ;UF";D sANFDL ,L,f

v A[8=[SM:5D"D sZFTL ,L,f

#P##P##P##P##P# ;D]NFI o O}U;D]NFI o O}U;D]NFI o O}U;D]NFI o O}U;D]NFI o O}U

v V[SSMQFL S[ AC]SMQFL ;]SFI 5|SFZGL N[CZRGF WZFJ[ K[P

v T[GF ;]SFIG[ SJSHF/ SC[ K[P T[ SJS;}+MG\] AG[,\] CMI K[P SJS;}+ V[SSMQFL S[ AC]SMQFL

CMI K[P

v NZ[S SMQFDF\ V[S S[ JW] ;]IMlHT SMQFS[gã CMI K[P SMQFlNJF, SF.l8GGL S[ ;[<I],MhGL

VG[ SM.l8G lDlzT CMI K[P

v T[VMDF\ ClZTãjI CMT\] GYLP ClZTãjIGF VEFJ[ T[VM 5ZM5ÒJL S[ D'TM5ÒJL 5MQF6

NXF"J[ K[P

v T[VMDF\ u,FISMHG VG[ T{,lA\N] :J~5[ BMZFSGM ;\U|C YFI K[P

JS"SF0" o )JS"SF0" o )JS"SF0" o )JS"SF0" o )JS"SF0" o )

Page 177: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

161 161 161 161 161

v 5|HGG Vl,\UL 5âlT H[JL S[ läEFHG4 VJB\0G4 Sl,SF;H"G S[ ALHF6];H"GYL VG[

l,\UL 5|HGG ;\I]uDG 5|SFZ[ YFI K[P

#P$#P$#P$#P$#P$ ;D]NFI o O}UGF pNFCZ6;D]NFI o O}UGF pNFCZ6;D]NFI o O}UGF pNFCZ6;D]NFI o O}UGF pNFCZ6;D]NFI o O}UGF pNFCZ6

v IL:8

v dI]SZ

v DX~D

#P5#P5#P5#P5#P5 ;D]NFI o ,F.S[G;D]NFI o ,F.S[G;D]NFI o ,F.S[G;D]NFI o ,F.S[G;D]NFI o ,F.S[G

v ,L, VG[ O}UGF V[SALHFG[ ,FENFIL ;CÒJGYL ;HF"TF ÒJ5|SFZG[ ,F.S[G SC[,L, VG[ O}UGF V[SALHFG[ ,FENFIL ;CÒJGYL ;HF"TF ÒJ5|SFZG[ ,F.S[G SC[,L, VG[ O}UGF V[SALHFG[ ,FENFIL ;CÒJGYL ;HF"TF ÒJ5|SFZG[ ,F.S[G SC[,L, VG[ O}UGF V[SALHFG[ ,FENFIL ;CÒJGYL ;HF"TF ÒJ5|SFZG[ ,F.S[G SC[,L, VG[ O}UGF V[SALHFG[ ,FENFIL ;CÒJGYL ;HF"TF ÒJ5|SFZG[ ,F.S[G SC[

K[PK[PK[PK[PK[P

v T[DF\ ,L, BMZFS AGFJ[ K[P O}U JFTFJZ6DF\YL E[H 5}ZM 5F0[ K[ VG[ TF5DFG T[DH TLJ|

5|SFX ;FD[ Z1F6 SZ[ K[P

v B0SM 5Z J'1FMGL KF, 5Z4 E[HJF/L HDLG 5Z J;[ K[P 5|HGG D]bItJ[ Vl,\UL 5âlTYL

YFI K[P

#P&#P&#P&#P&#P& ;D]NFI o ,F.S[GGF pNFCZ6;D]NFI o ,F.S[GGF pNFCZ6;D]NFI o ,F.S[GGF pNFCZ6;D]NFI o ,F.S[GGF pNFCZ6;D]NFI o ,F.S[GGF pNFCZ6

v 5FD["l,IF

v pl:GIF

5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P! GLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[, BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[, BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[, BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[, BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[, BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMP

!P ,L,GF SMQFMDF\ :5Q8 ;]IMlHT PPPPPPPPPPPPPP CMI K[P

ZP ,L, PPPPPPPPPPPPPP ;5F8L 5Z J;[ K[P

#P ,L, PPPPPPPPPPPPPP 5MQF6 NXF"J[ K[P

$P ,L,GF 5|SFZM ClZTãjI p5ZF\T PPPPPPPPPPPPPP G[ VFWFZ[ 56 50[ K[P

5P ,L,DF\ l,\UL 5|HGG PPPPPPPPPPPPPP 5âlTYL YFI K[P

&P ;UF";DG[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPP GF GFD[ 56 VM/BFI K[P

*P O}UGF ;]SFIG[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPP SC[ K[P

(P O}UDF\ BMZFSGM ;\U|C T{,lA\N] VG[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPP :J~5[ YFI K[P

)P O}UDF\ l,\UL 5|HGG PPPPPPPPPPPPPP 5|SFZ[ YFI K[P

!_P ,L, VG[ O}UGF V[SALHFG[ ,FENFIL ;CÒJGYL ;HF"TF ÒJ5|SFZG[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPP SC[ K[P

!!P 5FD["l,IF V[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPP G\] pNFCZ6 K[P

v TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M v

Page 178: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

162 162 162 162 162

WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o ) lJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH V[SD o JG:5lT JUL"SZ6V[SD o JG:5lT JUL"SZ6V[SD o JG:5lT JUL"SZ6V[SD o JG:5lT JUL"SZ6V[SD o JG:5lT JUL"SZ6

lJnFYL"lD+4 VF JS"SF0"GM RLJ85}J"S VeIF; SZJFYL TD[4

$P! lJEFU o läV\UL lJX[ HF6L XSXMP$PZ lJEFU o l+V\UL lJX[ HF6L XSXMP$P# p5;'lQ8 o ;5]Q5L lJX[ HF6L XSXMP$P$ lJEFU o VGFJ'T ALHWFZL lJX[ HF6L XSXMP

$P!$P!$P!$P!$P! lJEFU o läV\ULlJEFU o läV\ULlJEFU o läV\ULlJEFU o läV\ULlJEFU o läV\UL

v HDLG 5Z YTL JG:5lTDF\ ;F{YL ;FNL4 ;Z/ N[CZRGF WZFJ[ K[P

v JG:5lTN[C R58F ;]SFI 5|SFZGM CMI K[ VYJF T[GM N[C 5|SF\0 VG[ 56" H[JF V\UM WZFJ[ K[P

T[DF\ D}/ CMTF\ GYLP T[VMGF JG:5lTN[CDF\ D},F\U CMI K[P T[ D}/ H[J\] SFI" SZ[ K[P

v läV\UL JG:5lTDF\ lJlXQ8 JFCS 5[XLVMGM VEFJ CMI K[P

v 5|HGGV\UM AC]SMQFL VG[ J\wISMQFMGF VFJZ6I]ST CMI K[P

v O,GG[ 5lZ6FD[ ;HF"TF Ol,TF\0DF\YL UE" ;HF"I K[P

v ÒJGSF/DF\ ;\TlTVMG\] V[SF\TZ6 HMJF D/[ K[4 H[DF\ D]bI VJ:YF l,\UL 5|HGG SZTL

HgI]HGS VJ:YF K[P

v pNFP DM;

$PZ$PZ$PZ$PZ$PZ lJEFU o l+V\ULlJEFU o l+V\ULlJEFU o l+V\ULlJEFU o l+V\ULlJEFU o l+V\UL

v JG:5lTN[C D}/4 5|SF\0 VG[ 56" V[D +6 V\UMYL AG[,M CMI K[P 5]Q5 S[ ALH ;HF"TF GYLP

v T[VM JCGGF SFI" DF8[ lJlXQ8 JFCS5[XLVM H[JL S[ H,JFCS 5[XL VG[ VgGJFCS 5[XL WZFJ[

K[P T[YL T[DG[ JFCS5[XLWFZL JG:5lT 56 SC[ K[P

v ÒJGSF/ ;\TlTVMG\] V[SF\TZ6 HMJF D/[ K[4 H[DF\ ALHF6]HGS VJ:YF D]bI VG[

HgI]HGS VJ:YF UF{6 CMI K[P

v ALHF6]VM pt5gG SZTL ALHF6]WFGLVM WFZ6 SZTF\ 56" ALHF6] 56" SC[JFI K[P

v 5CF0L 5|N[XDF\ KFIFJF/L HDLG VG[ J'1FM 5Z J;[ K[P

v pNFP C\;ZFH

JS"SF0" o !_JS"SF0" o !_JS"SF0" o !_JS"SF0" o !_JS"SF0" o !_

Page 179: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

163 163 163 163 163

$P#$P#$P#$P#$P# p5;'lQ8 o ;5]Q5Lp5;'lQ8 o ;5]Q5Lp5;'lQ8 o ;5]Q5Lp5;'lQ8 o ;5]Q5Lp5;'lQ8 o ;5]Q5L

v VF 5|SFZGL JG:5lTDF\ ÒJGSF/ NZlDIFG 5]Q5 VG[ ALHG\] ;H"G YFI K[P T[GF A[

lJEFU K[ o (i) VGFJ'T ALHWFZL (ii) VFJ'T ALHWFZL

$P$$P$$P$$P$$P$ lJEFU o VGFJ'T ALHWFZLlJEFU o VGFJ'T ALHWFZLlJEFU o VGFJ'T ALHWFZLlJEFU o VGFJ'T ALHWFZLlJEFU o VGFJ'T ALHWFZL

v VF lJEFUGL JG:5lT l+V\UL VG[ VFJ'T ALHFWFZL JG:5lTGL JrR[G\] :YFG WZFJ[ K[P

v JG:5lTN[CDF\ D}/4 5|SF\0 VG[ 56" CMI K[P 5|FYlDS S1FFGF\ V[Sl,\UL 5]Q5M WZFJ[ K[P T[VM

ALH WZFJ[ K[P

v T[VMDF\ JFCS 5[XLVMG\] A\WFZ6 l+V\UL JG:5lTDF\ CMI K[ T[J\] HMJF D/[ K[P

v T[VM ;\TlTVMG\] V[SF\TZ6 NXF"J[ K[P D]bI VJ:YF ALHF6]HGS K[P HgI]HGS VJ:YF UF{6

CMI K[P

v ALHF6]HGS VJ:YF A[ 5|SFZGF\ ALHF6] NXF"J[ K[P

û GFGF SNGF ,3]ALHF6] V[ ,3]ALHF6]WFGLDF\ ,3]ALHF6]56" 5Z ;HF"I K[P

,3]ALHF6]56"G[ 5\]S[;Z ;FY[ ;ZBFJL XSFIP

û DCFALHF6] V[ DCFALHF6]56M" 5Z WFZ6 YFI K[P DCFALHF6]56" 5Z B]<,F V\0S

UM9JFI K[P V\0SG[ VFJZ6I]ST DCFALHF6]WFGL U6FJL XSFIP V\0SDF\ DFNFHgI]HGS

;DFlJQ8 CMI K[P DCFALHF6]56"G[ :+LS[;Z ;FY[ ;ZBFJL XSFI K[P

v AHF6]56M" V[S9F \ D/LG[ X\S ]VM ZR[ K[P GZX\S] ,3]ALHF6]56M"YL VG[ DFNFX\S]

DCFALHF6]56M"YL ZRFI K[P

v 5ZFUGIG ÒJG äFZF YFI K[P 5ZFUGl,SF lJSF; 5FD[ K[P

v O,G AFN V\0S ALHDF\ O[ZJFI K[P O/ ;HF"T] GYLP ALH B]<,F\ ZC[ K[4 T[YL VGFJ'T ALHWFZL

SC[JFI K[P

v pNFP ;FIS;4 5FIG;

Page 180: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

164 164 164 164 164

5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P! GLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MP!P läV\UL JG:5lT S[JL N[CZRGF WZFJ[ K[ mZP läV\UL JG:5lTGF 5|HGGV\UM S[JF CMI K[ m#P läV\UL JG:5lTG\] V[S pNFCZ6 VF5MP$P l+V\UL JG:5lTGL N[CZRGF H6FJMP5P l+V\UL JG:5lTG[ JFCS5[XLWFZL JG:5lT XF DF8[ SC[ K[ m&P l+V\UL JG:5lT S[JL HuIFV[ HMJF D/[ K[ m*P l+V\UL JG:5lTG\] pNFCZ6 VF5MP5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ GLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[, BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[, BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[, BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[, BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[, BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMP!P ;5]Q5L JG:5lTG[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPP lJEFUDF\ JUL"S'T SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[PZP VGFJ'T ALHWFZL JG:5lT PPPPPPPPPPPPPP 5]Q5M WZFJ[ K[P#P VGFJ'T ALHWFZL JG:5lTDF\ JFCS5[XLG\] A\WFZ6 PPPPPPPPPP JG:5lTDF\ CMI T[J\] HMJF D/[ K[P$P VGFJ'T ALHWFZLDF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPP VJ:YF D]bI K[P5P VGFJ'T ALHWFZLDF\ ALHF6]HGS VJ:YF PPPPPPPPPPPPPP 5|SFZGF ALHF6] WZFJ[ K[P&P DCFALHF6] PPPPPPPPPPPPPP 5Z WFZ6 YFI K[P*P VGFJ'T ALHWFZLDF\ 5ZFUGIG PPPPPPPPPPPPPP äFZF YFI K[P(P VGFJ'T ALHWFZLDF\ O,G AFN V\0SG\] ~5F\TZ PPPPPPPPPPPPPP DF\ YFI K[P)P VGFJ'T ALHWFZL JG:5lTDF\ ;FIS; VG[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPP GM ;DFJ[X YFI K[P

v TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M v

Page 181: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

165 165 165 165 165

WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o ) lJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH V[SD o JG:5lT JUL"SZ6V[SD o JG:5lT JUL"SZ6V[SD o JG:5lT JUL"SZ6V[SD o JG:5lT JUL"SZ6V[SD o JG:5lT JUL"SZ6

lJnFYL"lD+4 VF JS"SF0"GM RLJ85}J"S VeIF; SZJFYL TD[4

5P! VFJ'T ALHWFZL lJX[ HF6L XSXMP

5PZ VFJ'T ALHWFZL VG[ VGFJ'T ALHWFZLGF TOFJT lJX[ HF6L XSXMP

5P!5P!5P!5P!5P! VFJ'T ALHWFZLVFJ'T ALHWFZLVFJ'T ALHWFZLVFJ'T ALHWFZLVFJ'T ALHWFZLv prR S1FFGL ;5]Q5L JG:5lTGM ;DFJ[X VFJ'T ALHWFZLDF\ SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[Pv JG:5lT N[CZRGFDF\ D}/4 5|SF\04 56"4 5]Q54 O/ T[DH ALH H[JF\ V\UM ZRFI K[Pv JCGGF\ SFI" DF8[ ;]IMlHT JFCS5[XL H[JL S[ H,JFCS 5[XL VG[ VgGJFCS 5[XL CMI K[Pv ,F1Fl6S4 ;]lJSl;T V[Sl,\UL S[ éEIl,\UL 5]Q5M WFZ6 SZ[ K[P 5]Q5DF\ J«RS| VG[ N,RS|

H[JF 5]Q5RS|M lJS;[ K[Pv V\0S V\0FXIGF 5M,F6DF\ HZFI] 5Z UM9JFI K[P O,G AFN V\0S ALHDF\ VG[ ALHFXI

O/DF\ ~5F\TZ 5FD[ K[P ALH O/GF VFJZ6YL -\SFI[,F\ CM. VFJ'T ALHWFZL JG:5lT SC[ K[Pv 5ZFUGIG 5JG4 5F6L4 SL8SM TYF 51FLVM äFZF YFI K[Pv VFJ'T ALHWFZL JG:5lTG[ ALHDF\ ZC[,F ALH5+G[ VG],1FLG[ läN/L VG[ V[SN/LDF\ JC[\RJFDF\

VFJ[ K[P5PZ5PZ5PZ5PZ5PZ VGFJ'T ALHWFZL VG[ VFJ'T ALHWFZLGF TOFJTVGFJ'T ALHWFZL VG[ VFJ'T ALHWFZLGF TOFJTVGFJ'T ALHWFZL VG[ VFJ'T ALHWFZLGF TOFJTVGFJ'T ALHWFZL VG[ VFJ'T ALHWFZLGF TOFJTVGFJ'T ALHWFZL VG[ VFJ'T ALHWFZLGF TOFJT

VGFJ'T ALHWFZLVGFJ'T ALHWFZLVGFJ'T ALHWFZLVGFJ'T ALHWFZLVGFJ'T ALHWFZL VFJ'T ALHWFZLVFJ'T ALHWFZLVFJ'T ALHWFZLVFJ'T ALHWFZLVFJ'T ALHWFZL!P O/ ZRFTF\ GYL4 T[YL ALH !P O/ ;HF"I K[P T[YL ALH O,FJZ6YL

O,FJZ6YL -\SFI[,F\ CMTF\ GYLP -\SFI[,F\ ZC[ K[PZP JFCS5[XL lGdG S1FFGL H,JFlCGLSL ZP JFCS 5[XL ;]IMlHT4 AWF H 38SM ;lCT

VG[ RF,GLSMQF :J~5[ CMI K[P CMI K[P#P 5]Q5M 5|FYlDS S1FFGF\ CMI K[P T[G[ #P ;]lJSl;T ,F1Fl6S 5]Q5M ;HF"I K[P

ALHF6] 56M" SC[ K[P ;CFIS RS|M ;CFIS RS|M sJ« VG[ N,5\]0f WZFJ[ K[PsJ« VG[ N,5\]0f lJCLG K[P $P 5ZFUGIG 5JG4 SL8SM TYF 51FLVM

$P 5ZFUGIG OST 5JG äFZF YFI K[P äFZF YFI K[P

JS"SF0" o !!JS"SF0" o !!JS"SF0" o !!JS"SF0" o !!JS"SF0" o !!

5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P! GLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MP!P VFJ'T ALHWFZLGL N[CZRGFDF\ SIF V\UM CMI K[ mZP VFJ'T ALHWFZLDF\ JCG DF8[ S.vS. 5[XLVM CMI K[ m#P VFJ'T ALHWFZLGF\ 5]Q5MDF\ S[JF 5]Q5RS|M lJS;[ K[ m$P VFJ'T ALHWFZLDF\ 5ZFUGIG SMGF äFZF YFI K[ m5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ!P ,F1Fl6S 5]Q5M o VFJ'T ALHWFZL o 5|FYlDS 5]Q5M o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPZP 5JG äFZF 5ZFUGIG o lS8SM4 51FLVM4 5JG äFZF 5ZFUGIG o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

v TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M v

Page 182: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

166 166 166 166 166

WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o ) lJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH V[SD o JG:5lT JUL"SZ6V[SD o JG:5lT JUL"SZ6V[SD o JG:5lT JUL"SZ6V[SD o JG:5lT JUL"SZ6V[SD o JG:5lT JUL"SZ6

lJnFYL"lD+4 VF JS"SF0"GM RLJ85}J"S VeIF; SZJFYL TD[4

&P! JU" o läN/L lJX[ HF6L XSXMP

&PZ JU" o V[SN/L lJX[ HF6L XSXMP

&P# läN/L VG[ V[SN/LGM TOFJT HF6L XSXMP

&P!&P!&P!&P!&P! JU" o läN/LJU" o läN/LJU" o läN/LJU" o läN/LJU" o läN/L

v JG:5lTGF ALHDF\ A[ ALH5+M CMI K[P

v ;FDFgI ZLT[ D}/T\+ :YFlGS ;M8LD}/T\+ 5|SFZG\] CMI K[P

v 5|SF\0 XFBF 5|A\lWT CMI K[P

v 56M" HF,FSFZ lXZFlHgIF; NXF"J[ K[P

v 5]Q5M RT]ZFJIJL S[ 5\RFJIJL CMI K[P

v pNFP ;}I"D]BL

&PZ&PZ&PZ&PZ&PZ JU" o V[SN/LJU" o V[SN/LJU" o V[SN/LJU" o V[SN/LJU" o V[SN/L

v JG:5lTGF ALHDF\ V[S ALH5+ CMI K[P

v V:YFlGS4 T\T]DI4 D}/T\+ CMI K[P

v 5|SF\0 ;FDFgI ZLT[ VXFlBT CMI K[P SIFZ[S V<5XFlBT CMIP

v 56M"DF\ ;DF\TZ lXZFlJgIF; CMI K[P

v 5]Q5M l+vVJIJL CMI K[P

v pNFP DSF.

&P#&P#&P#&P#&P# läN/L VG[ V[SN/LGM TOFJTläN/L VG[ V[SN/LGM TOFJTläN/L VG[ V[SN/LGM TOFJTläN/L VG[ V[SN/LGM TOFJTläN/L VG[ V[SN/LGM TOFJT

läN/LläN/LläN/LläN/LläN/L V[SN/LV[SN/LV[SN/LV[SN/LV[SN/L

!P ALHDF\ A[ ALH5+ CMI K[P !P ALHDF\ V[S ALH5+ CMI K[P

ZP ;M8LD}/T\+ 5|SFZG\] D}/T\+ WZFJ[ K[P ZP V:YFlGS4 T\T]DI D}/T\+ WZFJ[ K[P

#P 5|SF\0DF\ JW"DFG 5|SFZGF JFCL5],M #P 5|SF\0DF\ VJW"DFG 5|SFZGF JFCL5],M

V[S S[ A[ J,IDF\ UM9JFI K[P J[ZlJB[Z UM9J6L NXF"J[ K[P

$P 56M" HF,FSFZ lXZFlJgIF; WZFJ[ K[P $P 56M" ;DF\TZ lXZFlJgIF; WZFJ[ K[P

5P 5]Q5M RT]ZFJIJL S[ 5\RFJIJL CMI K[P 5P 5]Q5M l+vVJIJL CMI K[P

&P pNFP ;}I"D]BL &P pNFP DSF.

JS"SF0" o !ZJS"SF0" o !ZJS"SF0" o !ZJS"SF0" o !ZJS"SF0" o !Z

Page 183: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

167 167 167 167 167

5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P! GLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MP

!P läN/L JG:5lTGF ALHDF\ S[8,F\ ALH5+M CMI K[ m

ZP läN/L JG:5lTG] D}/T\+ S[J\] CMI K[ m

#P läN/L JG:5lTGF 56M" S[JF CMI K[ m

$P V[SN/L JG:5lTGF ALHDF\ S[8,F ALH5+M CMI K[ m

5P V[SN/L JG:5lTG\] 5|SF\0 S[J\] CMI K[ m

&P V[SN/L JG:5lTGF 5]Q5M S[JF HMJF D/[ K[ m

*P V[S/NL VG[ läN/L JG:5lTG\] V[SvV[S pNFCZ6 VF5MP

5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ

!P V[SN/L o DSF. o läN/L o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

ZP A[ ALH5+ o läN/L o V[S ALH5+ o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

#P HF,FSFZ lXZFlJgIF; o ;DF\TZ lXZFlJgIF; o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

v TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M v

Page 184: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

168 168 168 168 168

WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o ) lJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6

lJnFYL"lD+4 VF JS"SF0"GM RLJ85}J"S VeIF; SZJFYL TD[4

!P! ;'lQ8 o 5|Ml8:8F lJX[ HF6L XSXMP

!P!P! ;'lQ8 o 5|Ml8:8FGF ,1F6M ;DÒ XSXMP

!P!PZ ;'lQ8 o 5|Ml8:8FGF ;ÒJM VM/BL XSXMP

JS"SF0" o !#JS"SF0" o !#JS"SF0" o !#JS"SF0" o !#JS"SF0" o !#

!P!!P!!P!!P!!P! ;'lQ8 o 5|Ml8:8F;'lQ8 o 5|Ml8:8F;'lQ8 o 5|Ml8:8F;'lQ8 o 5|Ml8:8F;'lQ8 o 5|Ml8:8FVF ;'lQ8GF ;ÒJM V[SSMQFL S[ AC]SMQFL VG[ 5[XLDI A\WFZ6 WZFJTF GYLP T[DFGF\ 5|F6L;D

;ÒJM 5|ÒJ ;D]NFIDF\ ;DFJFIF K[P

û ;D]NFI o 5|ÒJ s5|M8L:8FGF\ ,1F6Mf;D]NFI o 5|ÒJ s5|M8L:8FGF\ ,1F6Mf;D]NFI o 5|ÒJ s5|M8L:8FGF\ ,1F6Mf;D]NFI o 5|ÒJ s5|M8L:8FGF\ ,1F6Mf;D]NFI o 5|ÒJ s5|M8L:8FGF\ ,1F6Mfl V[SSMQFL ;}1D CMI K[P GZL VF\B[ HM. XSFTF GYLPl DL9F 5F6LDF\4 ;D]ãDF\ D]STÒJL VYJF VgI 5|F6LVMGF XZLZDF\ V\To5ZM5ÒJL TZLS[

J;[ K[Pl 5|F6LGF V[SSMQFDF\ lJlJW SFIM" DF8[ VF\lUSFVM CMI K[P V[S S[ JW] SMQFS[gã CMI K[Pl 5|F6LVMDF\ 5|R,G DF8[ BM8F 5U4 SXF S[ 51DM CMI K[Pl BMZFSG\] 5FRG VgGWFGLDF\ YFI K[Pl `J;G JFI]VMGF ;FDFgI 5|;Z6 äFZF YFI K[Pl pt;H"G V[S S[ A[ VFS\]RSVFS\]RSVFS\]RSVFS\]RSVFS\]RS Z;WFGL äFZF YFI K[P T[ H,lGIDGH,lGIDGH,lGIDGH,lGIDGH,lGIDGDF\ p5IMUL K[Pl 5|HGG Vl,\UL läEFHG S[ AC]EFHG 5âlTYL VG[ ;\I]uDG;\I]uDG;\I]uDG;\I]uDG;\I]uDG (conjugation) äFZF 5|FYlDS

l,\UL 5älTYL YFI K[P

û pNFP opNFP opNFP opNFP opNFP o VDLAF4 5[ZFlDlXID4 %,FhDMl0IDVFS\]RS V[8,[ ;\S]lRTH,lGIDG V[8,[ 5F6LG\] JCGP

5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P! GLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MP!P 5|ÒJ 5|F6LVMDF\ 5|R,G DF8[ XFGL ZRGF CMI K[ mZP 5|ÒJDF\ VgGWFGLG\] SFI" H6FJMP#P 5|ÒJ ;D]NFIDF\ SIF 5|F6LVMGM ;DFJ[X YFI K[ m

v TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M v

Page 185: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

169 169 169 169 169

WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o ) lJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6

lJnFYL"lD+4 VF JS"SF0"GM RLJ85}J"S VeIF; SZJFYL TD[4

ZP! 5|F6L;'lQ8G\] JUL"SZ6 ;DÒ XSXMP

ZP!P! ;ÒJMG\] JUL"SZ6 SZL XSXMP

JS"SF0" o !$JS"SF0" o !$JS"SF0" o !$JS"SF0" o !$JS"SF0" o !$

5|F6L;'lQ8G\ ] JUL"SZ65|F6L;'lQ8G\ ] JUL"SZ65|F6L;'lQ8G\ ] JUL"SZ65|F6L;'lQ8G\ ] JUL"SZ65|F6L;'lQ8G\ ] JUL"SZ6;'lQ8 o I]S[lZIM8F

p5;'lQ8 o 5|Ml8:8F D[8Fh]VF

;D]NFI o 5|ÒJ lJEFU o 5[ZFh]VF I]D[8Fh]VFpNFP VDLAF5[ZFlDlXID%,FhDMl0ID ;D]NFI o ;lKã

pNFP JFN/L

;D]NFI o SMQ9F\l+ 5'Y]S'lD ;}+S'lD G}5]ZS ;\lW5FN D'N]SFI X}/tJRL D[Z]N\0LpNFP pNFP pNFP pNFP pNFP pNFP pNFPCF.0=F IS'TS'lD SZlDI\] V/l;I\] SFGBH}ZM UMS/UFI TFZFDt:I5|JF/ 5ÎLS'lD JF/M H/M EZJF0 KL5 AZ0TFZFH[l,lOX %,[G[lZIF Z[TLSL0M DFBL X\B ;FUZUM8F

DrKZ SM0LJ\NM5T\lUI\]lh\UFSZR,MSZMl/IMJÄKL

ZP!ZP!ZP!ZP!ZP! 5|F6L;'lQ8G\ ] JUL"SZ65|F6L;'lQ8G\ ] JUL"SZ65|F6L;'lQ8G\ ] JUL"SZ65|F6L;'lQ8G\ ] JUL"SZ65|F6L;'lQ8G\ ] JUL"SZ6

Page 186: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

170 170 170 170 170

;D]NFI o D[Z]N\0L;D]NFI o D[Z]N\0L;D]NFI o D[Z]N\0L;D]NFI o D[Z]N\0L;D]NFI o D[Z]N\0L

p5;D]NFI o 5|D[Z]N\0L 5'Q9J\XLNFPTP V[ldOVMS;;

VG];D]NFI o CG]lJCLG CG]WFZLpNFP ,[d5|L4 C[U lOX

p5ZLJU" o Dt:I RT]Q5FN

JU" o SFl:YDt:I Vl:YDt:I éEIÒJL ;lZ;'5 lJC\U ;:TGpNFP XFS" pNFP AFA"; pNFP N[0SM pNFP SFRÄ0M pNFP RS,L pNFP RFDFRLl0I\]

ZMC] ;[,FD¶g0Z UZM/L SA}TZ ;;,];F5 DMZ ëNZSFRAM XFCD'U DFGJLDUZ lSJL JC[,

.D]

5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P! lJEFU ccVcc DF \ VF5[, ;D]NFIG[ lJEFU ccAcc DF \ VF5[, 5|F6LVM ;FY[ IMuIlJEFU ccVcc DF \ VF5[, ;D]NFIG[ lJEFU ccAcc DF \ VF5[, 5|F6LVM ;FY[ IMuIlJEFU ccVcc DF \ VF5[, ;D]NFIG[ lJEFU ccAcc DF \ VF5[, 5|F6LVM ;FY[ IMuIlJEFU ccVcc DF \ VF5[, ;D]NFIG[ lJEFU ccAcc DF \ VF5[, 5|F6LVM ;FY[ IMuIlJEFU ccVcc DF \ VF5[, ;D]NFIG[ lJEFU ccAcc DF \ VF5[, 5|F6LVM ;FY[ IMuI

ZLT[ HM0MPZLT[ HM0MPZLT[ HM0MPZLT[ HM0MPZLT[ HM0MP

ccVccccVccccVccccVccccVcc ccAccccAccccAccccAccccAcc

!P ;lKã !P 5T\lUI\]

ZP ;\lW5FN ZP 5ÎLS'lD

#P G}5]ZS #P CF.0=F

$P ;}+S'lD $P V/l;I\]

5P 5'Y]S'lD 5P ;F5

&P SMQ9F\l+ &P VDLAF

*P D'N]SFI *P ;FUZUM8F

(P X}/tJRL (P KL5

)P JFN/L

!_P JF/M

v TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M v

Page 187: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

171 171 171 171 171

WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o ) lJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6

lJnFYL"lD+4 VF JS"SF0"GM RLJ85}J"S VeIF; SZJFYL TD[4

#P! ;'lQ8 o D[8Fh]VF lJX[ HF6L XSXMP

#P!P! lJEFU 5[ZFh]VFDF\ ;DFlJQ8 ;D]NFI V\U[GL DFlCTL D[/JL XSXMP

#PZ ;D]NFI o ;lKãGF ,1F6M HF6L XSXMP

#PZP! ;D]NFI o ;lKãGF 5|F6LVMG[ VM/BL XSXMP

#P# lJEFU o I]D[8Fh]VF lJX[ HF6L XSXMP

#P$ ;D]NFI o SMQ9F\l+ lJX[ HF6L XSXMP

JS"SF0" o !5JS"SF0" o !5JS"SF0" o !5JS"SF0" o !5JS"SF0" o !5

#P!#P!#P!#P!#P! ;'lQ8 o D[8Fh]VF;'lQ8 o D[8Fh]VF;'lQ8 o D[8Fh]VF;'lQ8 o D[8Fh]VF;'lQ8 o D[8Fh]VFl ZRGFtDS AC]SMQFL 5|F6LVMGM ;DFJ[X D[8Fh]VF ;'lQ8DF\ YFI K[P D[8Fh]VF ;'lQ8G[ 5[ZFh]VF VG[

I]D[8Fh]VF V[D A[ lJEFUDF\ JUL"S'T SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[PlJEFU o 5[ZFh]VFlJEFU o 5[ZFh]VFlJEFU o 5[ZFh]VFlJEFU o 5[ZFh]VFlJEFU o 5[ZFh]VF

H[ AC]SMQFL 5|F6LVMDF\ zDlJEFHG sSFI"GL JC[\R6Lf S[ 5[XLVFIMHG G HMJF D/[ T[JF\5|F6LVMGM ;DFJ[X lJEFU 5[ZFh]VFDF\ SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P VFJF\ 5|F6LVMGF\ XZLZDF\ V\UMG\] ;H"GYT\] GYLP VF lJEFUDF\ ;lKã ;D]NFIGF\ 5|F6LVMGM ;DFJ[X YFI K[P

#PZ#PZ#PZ#PZ#PZ ;D]NFI o ;lKãGF\ ,1F6M;D]NFI o ;lKãGF\ ,1F6M;D]NFI o ;lKãGF\ ,1F6M;D]NFI o ;lKãGF\ ,1F6M;D]NFI o ;lKãGF\ ,1F6Ml 5|F6LVMGF\ XZLZ lKãMI]ST CMI K[P T[YL T[VM ;lKã S[ lKãSFI 5|F6LVM SC[JFI K[Pl 5|F6LVM ;FDFgI ZLT[ ;D]ãJF;L K[P S[8,F\S DL9F 5F6LDF\ J;[ K[Pl VF ;D]NFIGF\ 5|F6LVM ;F{YL ;Z/ AC]SMQFL 5|F6LVM K[Pl T[DGM N[C AC]SMQFL4 5[XLlJCLG CMI K[P zDlJEFHGGM VEFJ CMI K[Pl 5|F6LXZLZDF\ V[S 5M,F6 CMI4 T[G[ lKlãQ8 U]CF SC[ K[Pl 5|F6LN[C lä:TZLI4 AFæ :TZGF SMQF ;FNF K[P V\NZGL AFH] SXFI]ST SM,ZSMQFM CMI K[P T[ 5F6LGM

5|JFC ;H[" K[Pl `J;G JFI]VMGF 5|;Z6 äFZF YFI K[Pl pt;U" ãjIMGM lGSF, 5F6LGF 5|JFC ;FY[ YFI K[Pl 5|F6LVM B0S ;FY[ RM\8LG[ :YFIL ÒJG U]HFZ[ K[Pl Vl,\UL 5|HGG Sl,SF;H"GYL YFI K[Pl l,\UL 5|HGG SMQFM äFZF YFI K[P 5|HGG V\UMGM VEFJ CMI K[P

û pNFP o pNFP o pNFP o pNFP o pNFP o JFN/L#P##P##P##P##P# lJEFU o I]D[8Fh]VFlJEFU o I]D[8Fh]VFlJEFU o I]D[8Fh]VFlJEFU o I]D[8Fh]VFlJEFU o I]D[8Fh]VFl 5[ZFh]VF l;JFIGF\ AWF\ H AC]SMQFL 5|F6LVMGM ;DFJ[X I]D[8Fh]VF lJEFUDF\ SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P AC]SMQFL

XZLZDF\ zDlJEFHG (Division of Labour) VG[ 5[XLvVFIMHGG[ 5lZ6FD[ 5[XLT\+4 V\UM VG[V\UT\+M ;]WLGM lJSF; HMJF D/[ K[P

Page 188: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

172 172 172 172 172

#P$#P$#P$#P$#P$ ;D]NFI o SMQ9F\l+;D]NFI o SMQ9F\l+;D]NFI o SMQ9F\l+;D]NFI o SMQ9F\l+;D]NFI o SMQ9F\l+

AC]SMQFL 5|F6LVM zDlJEFHG NXF"J[ K[P 5|F6LVMGF\ XZLZDF\ A[ UE":TZ CMI K[P AFæUE":TZ

VG[ V\ToUE":TZ JrR[ VSMQFL DwI`,[QF (Mesoglea) CMI K[P

l DL9F 5F6LDF\ S[ ;D]ãJF;L 5|F6LVM4 V[SFSL S[ J;FCTL CMI K[P

l 5|F6LVM D]STÒJL S[ B0SM ;FY[ RM\8L ZCL :YFIL ÒJG U]HFZ[ K[P S[8,F\S 5|F6LVMDF\ R}GFG\] AlCSÅSF,

CMI K[P

l 5|F6LXZLZ G/FSFZ (Polyp) VG[ K+FSFZ (Medusa) :J~5[ CMI K[P 5|F6LXZLZ l+HIF ;DZRGF

NXF"J[ K[P

l XZLZDF\ V[S 5M,F6 CMI K[P T[ VgGDFU" VG[ SMQ9 V[D A[ ZLT[ JT"T\] CM. T[G[ SMQ9F\+ (Coelenteron)

SC[ K[P VFYL 5|F6LVM SMQ9F\l+ SC[JFI K[P

l SMQ9F\+ 5M,F6 V[S H K[0[ B},[ K[P T[GL OZT[ 0\BSMQFM WZFJTF\ ;}+F\UM CMI K[P ;}+F\UM 5|R,G4

BMZFSU|C6 VG[ Z1F6G\] SFI" SZ[ K[P

l `J;G JFI]VMGF 5|;Z6 äFZF YFI K[P

l SMQ9F\+ 5FRGDFU" TZLS[ SFI" SZ[ K[P

l R[TFT\+ 5|FYlDS S1FFG\] R[TFHFl,SF 5|SFZG\] CMI K[P

l 5|HGG v Sl,SF äFZF Vl,\UL 5|HGG YFI K[ VG[ l,\UL 5|HGG NXF"J[ K[P

pNFP CF.0=F4 5ZJF/F4 H[,LlOX

5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P! GLR[GL BF,LHuIFVM IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZM oGLR[GL BF,LHuIFVM IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZM oGLR[GL BF,LHuIFVM IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZM oGLR[GL BF,LHuIFVM IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZM oGLR[GL BF,LHuIFVM IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZM o!P ;lKã 5|F6LVMGF\ XZLZ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP CMI K[PZP ;lKã 5|F6LVMDF\ Vl,\UL 5|HGG PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP YL YFI K[P#P ;lKã 5|F6LVM ;FDFgI ZLT[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP DF\ HMJF D/[ K[P$P SMQ9F\l+ 5|F6LVMGL XZLZ ZRGFDF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP UE":TZ CMI K[P5P SMQ9F\l+ 5|F6LVMDF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP AlCSÅSF, CMI K[P&P SMQ9F\l+ 5|F6LVMDF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP V[ 5|R,G4 BMZFSU|C6 VG[ Z1F6G\] SFI" SZ[ K[P*P SMQ9F\l+ 5|F6LVMDF\ SMQ9F\+ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP TZLS[ SFI" SZ[ K[P(P JFN/L V[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP ;D]NFIG\] 5|F6L K[P)P H[,LlOX V[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP ;D]NFIG\] 5|F6L K[P!_P ;lKãDF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP GM lGSF, 5F6LGF 5|JFC ;FY[ YFI K[P5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ GLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA 8\}SDF\ VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA 8\}SDF\ VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA 8\}SDF\ VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA 8\}SDF\ VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA 8\}SDF\ VF5MP!P ;lKã ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LVMGF A[ ,1F6M H6FJMP !PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP ZPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPZP ;lKã ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LVMGF A[ pNFCZ6M VF5MP !PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP ZPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP#P SMQ9F\l+ ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LVMGF A[ ,1F6M H6FJMP !PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP ZPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP$P SMQ9F\l+ ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LVMGF A[ pNFCZ6M VF5MP !PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP ZPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

v TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M v

Page 189: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

173 173 173 173 173

WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o ) lJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6

lJnFYL"lD+4 VF JS"SF0"GM RLJ85}J"S VeIF; SZJFYL TD[4

$P! ;D]NFI 5'Y]S'lDGF ,1F6M HF6L XSXMP

$P!P! ;D]NFI 5'YS'lDGF 5|F6LVMGF pNFCZ6 VF5L XSXMP

$PZ ;D]NFI ;}+S'lDGF ,1F6M HF6L XSXMP

$PZP! ;D]NFI ;}+S'lDGF 5|F6LVM VM/BL XSXMP

JS"SF0" o !&JS"SF0" o !&JS"SF0" o !&JS"SF0" o !&JS"SF0" o !&

$P!$P!$P!$P!$P! ;D]NFI o 5'Y]S'lD;D]NFI o 5'Y]S'lD;D]NFI o 5'Y]S'lD;D]NFI o 5'Y]S'lD;D]NFI o 5'Y]S'lDVF ;D]NFIGF\ 5|F6LVMGF\ XZLZ 5'Q9J1F R58F\ CMI K[P T[YL R58FS'lD TZLS[ VM/VF ;D]NFIGF\ 5|F6LVMGF\ XZLZ 5'Q9J1F R58F\ CMI K[P T[YL R58FS'lD TZLS[ VM/VF ;D]NFIGF\ 5|F6LVMGF\ XZLZ 5'Q9J1F R58F\ CMI K[P T[YL R58FS'lD TZLS[ VM/VF ;D]NFIGF\ 5|F6LVMGF\ XZLZ 5'Q9J1F R58F\ CMI K[P T[YL R58FS'lD TZLS[ VM/VF ;D]NFIGF\ 5|F6LVMGF\ XZLZ 5'Q9J1F R58F\ CMI K[P T[YL R58FS'lD TZLS[ VM/

BFI K[P 5|F6LVM l+UE":TZL CMI K[PBFI K[P 5|F6LVM l+UE":TZL CMI K[PBFI K[P 5|F6LVM l+UE":TZL CMI K[PBFI K[P 5|F6LVM l+UE":TZL CMI K[PBFI K[P 5|F6LVM l+UE":TZL CMI K[P

,1F6M,1F6M,1F6M,1F6M,1F6Ml 5|F6LVM V\To5ZM5ÒJL S[ D]STÒJL CMI K[Pl 5|F6LGF\ XZLZ VN[CSMQ9L4 lä5F`J" ;DZRGF WZFJ[ K[Pl VFzINFTF ;FY[ RM\8L ZC[JF DF8[ R}QFSM (Suckers) S[ V\S]XM (Hooks) CMI K[P 5ZM5ÒJL 5|F6LVMGF

XZLZG[ OZT[ SI]l8S,G\] VFJZ6 CMI K[Pl VF\+DFU" XFlBT S[ VXFlBT CMI K[P S[8,F\SDF\ 5FRGDFU"GM VEFJ CMI K[Pl DM8F EFUGF pt;H"GGF SFI" DF8[ HIMTSMQF (Flame cell) CMI K[P 5|F6LVM VHFZS `J;G

NXF"J[ K[Pl R[TFT\+ R[TFS\NM4 R[TF;}+M VG[ R[TFVMYL AG[,\] CMI K[P T[ J1FAFH]V[ CMI K[Pl 5|F6LVM éEIl,\UL K[P :JO,G NXF"J[ K[P

pNFP IS'TS'lD4 5lÎS'lD4 %,[G[lZIF

$PZ$PZ$PZ$PZ$PZ ;D]NFI o ;}+S'lD;D]NFI o ;}+S'lD;D]NFI o ;}+S'lD;D]NFI o ;}+S'lD;D]NFI o ;}+S'lDl ;}+S'lD ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LGF\ XZLZ ;}+ H[JF\ CMI K[P T[YL ;}+S'lD SC[JFI K[P;}+S'lD ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LGF\ XZLZ ;}+ H[JF\ CMI K[P T[YL ;}+S'lD SC[JFI K[P;}+S'lD ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LGF\ XZLZ ;}+ H[JF\ CMI K[P T[YL ;}+S'lD SC[JFI K[P;}+S'lD ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LGF\ XZLZ ;}+ H[JF\ CMI K[P T[YL ;}+S'lD SC[JFI K[P;}+S'lD ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LGF\ XZLZ ;}+ H[JF\ CMI K[P T[YL ;}+S'lD SC[JFI K[P J/L 5|F6LXZLZ

,F\AF4 G/FSFZ CMI K[ VG[ VF0F K[NDF\ UM/FSFZ N[BFI K[ T[YL UM/S'lD 56 SC[ K[P XZLZ A\G[ K[0[V6LNFZ CMI K[P

l 5|F6LVM D]STÒJL TZLS[ DL9F\ VG[ BFZF\ 5F6LDF\ TYF ELGL HDLGDF\ J;[ K[ VYJF 5ZM5ÒJLCMI K[P

l 5|F6LVM l+UE":TZL4 VN[CSMQ9L VG[ lä5F`J" ;DZRGF NXF"J[ K[P XZLZ B\0lJCLG CMI K[P XZLZ5Z SI]l8S,G\] VFJZ6 CMI K[P

l VF\+DFU" A\G[ K[0[YL B}<,M CMJFYL c;\5}6"c SC[JFI K[Pl `J;GlS|IF JFI]VMGF 5|;Z6 äFZF YFI K[Pl R[TFT\+ R[TFS0L VG[ R[TF;}+MYL AG[,\] VG[ XZLZGL J1FAFH]V[ CMI K[Pl 5|F6LVM V[Sl,\UL CMI K[P DFNF 5|F6L GZ SZTF\ DM8F SNGF\ CMI K[P

pNFP SZlDI\]4 JF/M

Page 190: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

174 174 174 174 174

5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P! GLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA 8\}SDF\ VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA 8\}SDF\ VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA 8\}SDF\ VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA 8\}SDF\ VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA 8\}SDF\ VF5MP

!P 5'Y]S'lD 5|F6LVMG[ ALHF SIF GFD[ VM/BJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ m XF DF8[ m

ZP 5'Y]S'lD 5|F6LVMGF XZLZG[ OZT[ XFG\] VFJZ6 CMI K[ m

#P 5'Y]S'lD 5|F6LVMG\] R[TFT\+ XFG\] AG[,\] CMI K[ m

$P 5'Y]S'lD 5|F6LVMDF\ pt;H"G DF8[ SIF SMQFM CMI K[ m

5P ;}+S'lD ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LGF\ XZLZ S[JF CMI K[ m

&P ;}+S'lD 5|F6LVMDF\ S[8,F UE":TZ CMI K[ m

*P ;}+S'lD 5|F6LVMDF\ VF\+DFU" S[JM CMI K[ m

(P ;}+S'lD 5|F6LGF R[TFT\+ lJX[ H6FJMP

5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ

!P 5'Y]S'lD o R58FS'lD o ;}+S'lD o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

ZP %,[G[lZIF o JF/M o 5'Y]S'lD o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

#P 5'Y]S'lD o éEIl,\UL o ;}+S'lD o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

v TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M v

Page 191: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

175 175 175 175 175

WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o ) lJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6

lJnFYL"lD+4 VF JS"SF0"GM RLJ85}J"S VeIF; SZJFYL TD[4

5P! ;D]NFI o G]5}ZSGF ,1F6M HF6L XSXM

5P!P! ;D]NFI o G]5}ZSGF 5|F6LVMGL XZLZZRGF ;DÒ XSXMP

5P!PZ ;D]NFI o G]5}ZSGF pNFCZ6M VF5L XSXMP

5PZ ;D]NFI o ;\lW5FNGF ,1F6M HF6L XSXMP

5PZP! ;D]NFI o ;\lW5FNGF pNFCZ6 VF5L XSXMP

5PZPZ ;D]NFI o ;\lW5FNGF ;ÒJMG[ VM/BL XSXMP

JS"SF0" o !*JS"SF0" o !*JS"SF0" o !*JS"SF0" o !*JS"SF0" o !*

5P!5P!5P!5P!5P! ;D]NFI o G]5}ZS;D]NFI o G]5}ZS;D]NFI o G]5}ZS;D]NFI o G]5}ZS;D]NFI o G]5}ZS

5|F6LVMGF\ XZLZ ,UEU ;ZBL ZRGF WZFJTF\ B\0MDF\ lJEFlHT YI[,F\ CMI K[P5|F6LVMGF\ XZLZ ,UEU ;ZBL ZRGF WZFJTF\ B\0MDF\ lJEFlHT YI[,F\ CMI K[P5|F6LVMGF\ XZLZ ,UEU ;ZBL ZRGF WZFJTF\ B\0MDF\ lJEFlHT YI[,F\ CMI K[P5|F6LVMGF\ XZLZ ,UEU ;ZBL ZRGF WZFJTF\ B\0MDF\ lJEFlHT YI[,F\ CMI K[P5|F6LVMGF\ XZLZ ,UEU ;ZBL ZRGF WZFJTF\ B\0MDF\ lJEFlHT YI[,F\ CMI K[P

XZLZ VG[S S0L H[JF B\0MG\] AG[,\] CMI K[P T[YL G]5}ZS SC[JFI K[PXZLZ VG[S S0L H[JF B\0MG\] AG[,\] CMI K[P T[YL G]5}ZS SC[JFI K[PXZLZ VG[S S0L H[JF B\0MG\] AG[,\] CMI K[P T[YL G]5}ZS SC[JFI K[PXZLZ VG[S S0L H[JF B\0MG\] AG[,\] CMI K[P T[YL G]5}ZS SC[JFI K[PXZLZ VG[S S0L H[JF B\0MG\] AG[,\] CMI K[P T[YL G]5}ZS SC[JFI K[P

l 5|F6LVM ELGL 5MRL HDLGDF\4 DL9F 5F6LDF\ S[ ;D]ãDF\4 D]STÒJL S[ AFæ 5ZM5ÒJL TZLS[ J;[ K[P

l 5|F6LXZLZ ,F\A\]4 G/FSFZ VG[ B\0MDF\ JC[\RFI[,\] CMI K[P

l l+UE":TZL4 N[CSMQ9L4 5|F6LVM lä5F`J";DZRGF WZFJ[ K[P

l VgGDFU"4 ;\5}6" ;]lJSl;T CMI K[P

l ELGL4 SI]l8S,I]ST tJRF äFZF `J;G YFI K[P

l ;F{5|YD JBT Z]lWZFlE;Z6 T\+ HMJF D/[ K[P

l pt;H"G ;]lJSl;T4 U}\R/FNFZ pt;lU"SFVM äFZF YFI K[P

l R[TFT\+ R[TFS0L4 R[TFS\NM VG[ R[TF;}+MYL AG[,\]4 GÞZ CMI K[P

l 5|F6LGF 5|R,G DF8[ J«S[XM (Setae) XZLZNLJF,4 VlERZ6M (Parapodia) VG[ XMQFSM äFZF

YFI K[P

l 5|F6LVM éEIl,\UL S[ V[Sl,\UL CMI K[P l,\UL 5|HGG 5ZO,GYL YFI K[P

pNFP V/l;I\]4 Z[TLSL0M4 H/M

5PZ5PZ5PZ5PZ5PZ ;D]NFI o ;\lW5FN;D]NFI o ;\lW5FN;D]NFI o ;\lW5FN;D]NFI o ;\lW5FN;D]NFI o ;\lW5FN

;\bIF VG[ lJlEgGTFGL ¹lQ8V[ ;F{YL DM8M ;D]NFI K[P T[ c;F\WFJF/F p5F\UMc (Jointed

Appendages) WZFJTF\ 5|F6LVMGM AG[,M CMI K[P

l 5|F6LVM ;J"jIF5L J;JF8 NXF"J[ K[P HDLG4 CJF4 5F6L V[D NZ[S DFwIDDF\ J;[ K[P 5|F6LVM D]STÒJL

S[ AFæ 5ZM5ÒJL CMI K[P

l l+UE":TZL4 N[CSMQ9L4 lä5F`J" ;DZRGF NXF"J[ K[P

l p5F\UMGL XZLZ XLQF"4 pZ; VG[ pNZ V[D +6 EFUDF\ JC[\RFI[,\]4 AFæ ZLT[ B\0LI CMI K[P VF\TlZS

ZLT[ N[C ;/\U CMI K[P

Page 192: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

176 176 176 176 176

l NZ[S B\0DF\ p5F\UMGL V[S HM0 CMI K[P p5F\UM ;F\WFJF/F CMI K[P p5F\UM D]BF\UM4 :5X"SM4 %,JG5FN

S[ R,G5FN :J~5[ ~5FgTZ 5FD[,F CMI K[P

l XZLZ 5Z SF.l8GG\] AFæSJRAFæSJRAFæSJRAFæSJRAFæSJR CMI K[P JBTMJBT lGDM"RG YIF AFN T[G\] GJ;H"G YFI K[P

l 5FRGT\+ ;]lJSl;T CMI K[P D]BG[ OZT[ D]BF\UM CMI K[P

l R[TFT\+ R[TFS0L4 R[TFS\NDI R[TF;}+MYL AG[,\] CMI K[P

l `J;G DF8[ ;}1D `J;GGl,SFVM4 hF,Z4 hF,Z5[XL4 O[O;F\5[XL JU[Z[ V\UM CMI K[P

l pt;H"G DFl<5l3IG Gl,SFVM TYF ClZTl5\0 äFZF YFI K[P

l V[Sl,\UL 5|F6LVM AFæ l,\UE[N NXF"J[ K[P V\ToO,G HMJF D/[ K[P lJSF; NZlDIFG c~5FgTZ6c

NXF"J[ K[P

pNFP EZJF04 SFGBH}ZM4 SZR,M4 lh\UF4 5\TlUI\]4 J\NM4 DFBL4 DrKZ4 SZMl/IF4 JÄKL

5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P! GLR[GL BF,LHuIFVM IMuI XaNM J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GL BF,LHuIFVM IMuI XaNM J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GL BF,LHuIFVM IMuI XaNM J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GL BF,LHuIFVM IMuI XaNM J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GL BF,LHuIFVM IMuI XaNM J0[ 5}ZMP

!P G]5}ZS 5|F6LDF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP T\+ ;F{5|YD JBT HMJF D/[ K[P

ZP G]5}ZS 5|F6LDF\ l,\UL 5|HGG PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP YL YFI K[P

#P G]5}ZS 5|F6LDF\ pt;H"G ;]lJSl;T VG[ U\]R/FNFZ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP äFZF YFI K[P

$P G]5}ZS 5|F6LDF\ ELGL PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP I]ST tJRF äFZF `J;G YFI K[P

5P ;\bIF VG[ lJlEgGTFGL ¹lQ8V[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP ;D]NFI ;F{YL DM8M K[P

&P ;\lW5FN 5|F6LVMDF\ D]BG[ OZT[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP CMI K[P

*P ;\lW5FN 5|F6LVMGF\ p5F\UM PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP CMI K[P

5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ VCÄ lJWFGGL ;FD[ VF5[,F BFGFDF\ cVCÄ lJWFGGL ;FD[ VF5[,F BFGFDF\ cVCÄ lJWFGGL ;FD[ VF5[,F BFGFDF\ cVCÄ lJWFGGL ;FD[ VF5[,F BFGFDF\ cVCÄ lJWFGGL ;FD[ VF5[,F BFGFDF\ c3c S[ cc S[ cc S[ cc S[ cc S[ c7c GL lGXFGL SZMPc GL lGXFGL SZMPc GL lGXFGL SZMPc GL lGXFGL SZMPc GL lGXFGL SZMP

!P G]5}ZS 5|F6LVM lä5F`J";DZRGF WZFJ[ K[P sPPPPPPPPPPf

ZP G]5}ZS 5|F6LVM BFZF 5F6LDF\ J;[ K[P sPPPPPPPPPPf

#P ;\lW5FN 5|F6LVMGF XZLZ 5Z SF.l8GG\] AFæSJR CMI K[P sPPPPPPPPPPf

$P G]5}ZS 5|F6LVM lJSF; NZdIFG c~5F\TZ6c NXF"J[ K[P sPPPPPPPPPPf

5P EZJF0 V[ ;\lW5FN ;D]NFIG\] 5|F6L K[P sPPPPPPPPPPf

v TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M v

Page 193: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

177 177 177 177 177

WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o ) lJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6

lJnFYL"lD+4 VF JS"SF0"GM RLJ85}J"S VeIF; SZJFYL TD[4

&P! ;D]NFI o D'N]SFI lJX[ HF6L XSXMP

&P!P! ;D]NFI o D'N]SFIGF 5|F6LVM VM/BL XSXMP

&PZ ;D]NFI o X}/tJRLGF ,1F6MGL DFlCTL D[/JL XSXMP

&PZP! ;D]NFI o X}/tJRLGF 5|F6LVM VM/BL XSXMP

JS"SF0" o !(JS"SF0" o !(JS"SF0" o !(JS"SF0" o !(JS"SF0" o !(

&P!&P!&P!&P!&P! ;D]NFI o D'N]SFI;D]NFI o D'N]SFI;D]NFI o D'N]SFI;D]NFI o D'N]SFI;D]NFI o D'N]SFI

VF 5|F6LVMGF\ XZLZ SMD/ CMJFYL T[G[ D'N]SFI SC[ K[P

l 5|F6LVM DL9F 5F6LDF\4 ;D]ãDF\ TYF HDLG 5Z J;JF8 SZ[ K[P 5|F6LVM D]ST S[ :YFIL CMI K[P

l T[ l+UE":TZL4 N[CSMQ9L lä5F`J";DZRGF S[ V;DZRGF NXF"J[ K[P

l XZLZG[ OZT\] 5|FJFZ (Mantle) GFDG\] 50 CMI K[P T[ AFæ SJRGL ZRGF K[P AFæ SJR R}GFG\] TYF

SMlgRGYL AG[,\] CMI K[P

l 5|R,G DF8[ V[S D'N]5U CMI K[P S[8,FSDF\ T[ XMQFSMJF/F\ D]BC:TDF\ ~5FgTZ 5FD[ K[P

l `J;G 5|FJFZU]CFDF\ VFJ[,L cS\SThF,Zc äFZF YFI K[P

l pt;H"G DF8[ D}+l5\0 SMY/LVM CMI K[P

l 5|F6LVM V[Sl,\UL S[ éEIl,\UL CMI K[P T[DF\ ~5FgTZ6 HMJF D/[ K[P

pNFP UMS/UFI4 KL54 X\B4 SM0L4 VMS8M5;

&PZ&PZ&PZ&PZ&PZ ;D]NFI o X}/tJRL;D]NFI o X}/tJRL;D]NFI o X}/tJRL;D]NFI o X}/tJRL;D]NFI o X}/tJRL

VF 5|F6LVMGF\ XZLZ 5Z R}GFGL X}/MYL ZRFI[,\] AFæS\SF, CMI K[P T[YL T[ X}/tJRL

SC[JFI K[P

l VF ;D]NFIGF\ AWF\ H 5|F6LVM ;D]ãJF;L K[P

l l+UE":TZL4 N[CSMQ9L l+HIF;DZRGF NXF"JTF VG[ ;FDFgIo 5\Rl+HIF;D ;\ZRGF NXF"JTF

5|F6LVM K[P

l XZLZDF\ tJRFDF\YL ACFZ GLS/TL R}GFDI X}/MG\] AG[,\] AFæS\SF, CMI K[P

l 5FRGT\+ ;Z/ CMI K[P

l 5|F6LXZLZDF\ 5F6LG\] 5lZJCG SZT\] GF,L5UM WZFJT\] cH,JCG T\+c (Water vascular system)

CMI K[P VF T\+ 5|R,G VG[ BMZFSU|C6G\] SFI" SZ[ K[P p5ZF\T `J;G VG[ pt;H"G ;FY[

;\S/FI[, K[P

l 5|F6LVM V[Sl,\UL CMI K[P AFæO,G NXF"J[ K[P ~5FgTZ6 HMJF D/[ K[P

pNFP ;D]ãTFZF4 AZ0TFZF4 ;FUZUM8F

Page 194: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

178 178 178 178 178

5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P! GLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MP

!P D'N]SFI 5|F6LVM SMG[ SC[JFI m

ZP D'N]SFI 5|F6LVM 5|R,G S[JL ZLT[ SZ[ K[ m

#P D'N]SFI 5|F6LVM `J;G S. ZLT[ SZ[ K[ m

$P D'N]SFI 5|F6LVMDF\ AFæ SJR XFG\] AG[,\] CMI K[ m

5P X}/tJRL 5|F6LVMGF\ +6 pNFCZ6M VF5MP

&P X}/tJRL 5|F6LVM SIF\ J;JF8 SZ[ K[ m

*P X}/tJRL 5|F6LGF H,JCGT\+G\] SFI" H6FJMP

(P X}/tJRL 5|F6LVM SIF\ J;JF8 SZ[ K[ m

5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ

!P SMD/ XZLZ o X}/MYL ZRFI[,\] XZLZ o D'N]SFI o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

ZP D'N]SFI o UMS/UFI o X}/tJRL o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

#P ;\lW5FN o SF.l8G o D'N]SFI o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

v TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M v

Page 195: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

179 179 179 179 179

WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o ) lJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6

lJnFYL"lD+4 VF JS"SF0"GM RLJ85}J"S VeIF; SZJFYL TD[4

*P! ;D]NFI o D[Z]N\0L lJX[ HF6L XSXMP

*PZ VD[Z]N\0L VG[ D[Z]N\0L JrR[GM TOFJT 5FZBL XSXMP

JS"SF0" o !)JS"SF0" o !)JS"SF0" o !)JS"SF0" o !)JS"SF0" o !)

*P!*P!*P!*P!*P! ;D]NFI o D[Z]N\0L;D]NFI o D[Z]N\0L;D]NFI o D[Z]N\0L;D]NFI o D[Z]N\0L;D]NFI o D[Z]N\0L

VF ;D]NFIGF\ 5|F6LVMDF\ UE"lJSF; NZlDIFG D[Z]N\0 ;HF"I K[P VF l;JFIGF\ AWF\VF ;D]NFIGF\ 5|F6LVMDF\ UE"lJSF; NZlDIFG D[Z]N\0 ;HF"I K[P VF l;JFIGF\ AWF\VF ;D]NFIGF\ 5|F6LVMDF\ UE"lJSF; NZlDIFG D[Z]N\0 ;HF"I K[P VF l;JFIGF\ AWF\VF ;D]NFIGF\ 5|F6LVMDF\ UE"lJSF; NZlDIFG D[Z]N\0 ;HF"I K[P VF l;JFIGF\ AWF\VF ;D]NFIGF\ 5|F6LVMDF\ UE"lJSF; NZlDIFG D[Z]N\0 ;HF"I K[P VF l;JFIGF\ AWF\

H 5|F6LVMDF\ D[Z]N\0 ;HF"TM GYLP T[G[ VD[Z]N\0L SC[ K[PH 5|F6LVMDF\ D[Z]N\0 ;HF"TM GYLP T[G[ VD[Z]N\0L SC[ K[PH 5|F6LVMDF\ D[Z]N\0 ;HF"TM GYLP T[G[ VD[Z]N\0L SC[ K[PH 5|F6LVMDF\ D[Z]N\0 ;HF"TM GYLP T[G[ VD[Z]N\0L SC[ K[PH 5|F6LVMDF\ D[Z]N\0 ;HF"TM GYLP T[G[ VD[Z]N\0L SC[ K[P

l AWF\ H D[Z]N\0L 5|F6L l+UE":TZL4 N[CSMQ9L CMI K[P T[VM lä5F`J";DZRGF NXF"J[ K[P D[Z]N\0

VgGDFU"GL 5'Q9AFH]V[ CMI K[P

l VF ;D]NFIGF GLR,L S1FFGF\ 5|F6LVM ;D]ãJF;L K[P HIFZ[ prR S1FFGF\ 5|F6LVM 5F6LDF\4

HDLG 5Z VG[ S[8,F\S CJFDF\ D]ST56[ lJRZ[ K[P

l 5FRGT\+ ;]lJSl;T CMI K[P ;CFIS 5FRSU|\lY CMI K[P

l `J;G DF8[ hF,Z4 tJRF S[ O[O;F\ CMI K[P

l Z]lWZFlE;Z6 T\+ CMI K[P ìNI VgGDFU"GL J1F AFH]V[ UM9JFI K[P Z]lWZGF ZSTS6MDF\

lCDMu,MlAG `J;GZ\HS CMI K[P

l pt;H"G DF8[ V[S HM0 D}+l5\0 CMI K[P

l 5|F6LVMDF\ 5M,\]4 G/FSFZ R[TFT\+ CMI K[4 H[ VgGDFU"GL 5'Q9 AFH]V[ ZC[ K[P

l V[Sl,\UL 5|F6LVM CMI K[P l,\UL 5|HGG NXF"J[ K[P

l UE"lJSF; NZlDIFG VYJF VFÒJG S\9GF,LI hF,Z OF8M WZFJ[ K[P

l S[8,F\S D[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVMDF\ D[Z]N\0 VFÒJG ZC[ K[ T[DG[ 5|D[Z]N\0L SC[ K[P D/äFZ 5KL

5}\K0L CMI K[P

*PZ*PZ*PZ*PZ*PZ VD[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVM VG[ D[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVMGL T],GFVD[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVM VG[ D[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVMGL T],GFVD[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVM VG[ D[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVMGL T],GFVD[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVM VG[ D[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVMGL T],GFVD[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVM VG[ D[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVMGL T],GF

VD[Z]N\0LVD[Z]N \0LVD[Z]N \0LVD[Z]N \0LVD[Z]N \0L D[Z]N \0LD[Z]N \0LD[Z]N \0LD[Z]N \0LD[Z]N \0L

!P D[Z]N\0GM lJSF; YTM GYLP !P D[Z]N\0 ;HF"I K[P

ZP R[TFT\+ VgGDFU"GL J1FAFH]4 GÞZ4 ZP R[TFT\+ VgGDFU"GL VFH]AFH] 5M,\]4

A[J0F R[TF;}+ VG[ R[TFS\NMYL AG[,\] G/FSFZ VG[ V[SJ0\] CMI K[P

CMI K[P #P UE"lJSF; NZlDIFG S\9GF,LI hF,Z

#P S\9GF,LI hF,Z OF8M CMTL GYLP OF8M ;HF"I K[P

$P ìNI CMI TM VgGDFU"GL 5'Q9 AFH]V[ $P ìNI VgGDFU"GL J1F AFH]V[ CMI K[P

CMI K[P 5P D/äFZ 5KL 5}\K0L CMI K[P

5P D/äFZ 5KL 5}\K0L CMTL GYLP &P V\ToS\SF, SFl:Y S[ Vl:YG\] AG[,\] CMI K[P

&P V\ToS\SF,GM S[8,FSDF\ VEFJ CMI K[P

Page 196: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

180 180 180 180 180

5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P! GLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MP

!P D[Z]N\0L ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LVM SIF\ J;JF8 SZ[ K[ m

ZP D[Z]N\0L ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LVMGF Z]lWZGF ZSTS6MDF\ SI\] `J;GZ\HS CMI K[ m

#P 5|D[Z]N\0L SMG[ SC[ K[ m

$P D[Z]N\0LDF\ `J;G DF8[ SIF\ V\UM CMI K[ m

5P D[Z]N\0L 5|F6LGL XZLZZRGF S[JL CMI K[ m

5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ TOFJTGF RFZvRFZ D]¡F ,BMPTOFJTGF RFZvRFZ D]¡F ,BMPTOFJTGF RFZvRFZ D]¡F ,BMPTOFJTGF RFZvRFZ D]¡F ,BMPTOFJTGF RFZvRFZ D]¡F ,BMP

!P VD[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVM v D[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVM

5|P#5|P#5|P#5|P#5|P#

!P VD[Z]N\0LDF\ XFGM lJSF; YTM GYLP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

ZP D[Z]N\0LDF\ ìNI VgGDFU"GL S. AFH]V[ UM9JFI K[ m PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

#P D[Z]N\0L ;D]NFIGF GLR,L S1FFGF 5|F6LVM SIF\ J;[ K[ m PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

$P D[Z]N\0LDF\ pt;H"G DF8[ SI\] V\U CMI K[ m PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

5P S[8,F\S D[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVMGF\

v TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M v

Page 197: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

181 181 181 181 181

WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o ) lJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6

lJnFYL"lD+4 VF JS"SF0"GM RLJ85}J"S VeIF; SZJFYL TD[4

(P! p5;D]NFI o 5|D[Z]N\0LGF ,1F6M HF6L XSXMP

(P!P! 5|D[Z]N\0LG\] pNFCZ6 VF5L XSXMP

(PZ p5;D]NFI o 5'Q9J\XLGF ,1F6M HF6L XSXMP

(P# V5'Q9J\XL VG[ 5'Q9J\XL 5|F6LVMGL T],GF SZL XSXMP

JS"SF0" o Z_JS"SF0" o Z_JS"SF0" o Z_JS"SF0" o Z_JS"SF0" o Z_

(P!(P!(P!(P!(P! p5;D]NFI o 5|D[Z]N\0Lp5;D]NFI o 5|D[Z]N\0Lp5;D]NFI o 5|D[Z]N\0Lp5;D]NFI o 5|D[Z]N\0Lp5;D]NFI o 5|D[Z]N\0L

l VF p5;D]NFIGF\ 5|F6LVM ;D]ãJF;L CMI K[P

l T[VMDF\ D[Z]N\0 VFÒJG H/JFI K[P

l 5|F6LVMDF\ H0AF\4 BM5ZL VG[ I]uI p5F\UMGM VEFJ CMI K[P

l 5]bT 5|F6LVM S\9G/LDF\ VG[S hF,ZOF8M WZFJ[ K[P

pNFP V[ldOVMS;;

(PZ(PZ(PZ(PZ(PZ p5;D]NFI o 5'Q9J\XLp5;D]NFI o 5'Q9J\XLp5;D]NFI o 5'Q9J\XLp5;D]NFI o 5'Q9J\XLp5;D]NFI o 5'Q9J\XL

S[8,F\S D[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVMDF\ UEF"J:YFDF\GF D[Z]N\0G\] 5]bT 5|F6LVMDF\ SX[Z]SFGF AG[,F

SZM0:T\EDF\ ~5F\TZ YFI K[P T[ 5'Q9 AFH]V[ ZC[ K[P T[YL 5'Q9J\XL SC[JFI K[P T[VMGF XZLZDF\ VU|EFU[

D:TS ZRFI K[P VFJF\ 5|F6LVMG[ D:TSWFZL (Craniata) SC[ K[P

l 5'Q9J\XL 5|F6LVMDF\ XLQF" 5|N[XDF\ DUH CMI K[P T[ D:TSYL Z1FFI[, CMI K[P

l 5|R,G DF8[ I]uD p5F\UM CMI K[P

l SFl:Y S[ Vl:YG\] AG[,\] V\ToS\SF, CMI K[P

(P#(P#(P#(P#(P# V5'Q9J\XL VG[ 5'Q9J\XL 5|F6LVMGL T],GFV5'Q9J\XL VG[ 5'Q9J\XL 5|F6LVMGL T],GFV5'Q9J\XL VG[ 5'Q9J\XL 5|F6LVMGL T],GFV5'Q9J\XL VG[ 5'Q9J\XL 5|F6LVMGL T],GFV5'Q9J\XL VG[ 5'Q9J\XL 5|F6LVMGL T],GF

V5'Q9J\XLV5'Q9J\XLV5'Q9J\XLV5'Q9J\XLV5'Q9J\XL 5'Q9J\XL5'Q9J\XL5'Q9J\XL5'Q9J\XL5'Q9J\XL

!P D[Z]N\0 ;HF"TM GYLP HM D[Z]N\0 ;HF"I TM !P UEF"J:YFDF\ D[Z]N\0 ;HF"I K[ T[

VFÒJG ZC[ K[P SZM0:T\E ZRFTM GYLP 5]bTFJ:YFDF\ SZM0:T\EDF\ ~5F\TZ YFI K[P

ZP XLZQFDF\ D:TSGM VEFJ CMI K[P ZP XLQF"5|N[XDF\ D:TS CMI K[P

#P R[TFT\+ A[J0F4 GÞZ4 R[TFS\NI]ST #P R[TFT\+ V[SJ0\]4 5M,\]4 DUH VG[

R[TF;}+YL AG[,\] CMI K[P SZM0ZßH]YL AG[,\] CMI K[P

$P ìNI 5FRGDFU"YL 5'Q9 AFH]V[ CMI K[P $P ìNI 5FRGDFU"GL J1F AFH]V[ CMI K[P

Page 198: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

182 182 182 182 182

5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P! GLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[, BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[, BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[, BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[, BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[, BF,LHuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMP

!P 5|D[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVM PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP DF\ J;[ K[P

ZP 5|D[Z]N\0L 5|F6LDF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP VFÒJG H/JFI K[P

#P 5]bT 5|D[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVM S\9G/LDF\ VG[S PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP WZFJ[ K[P

$P 5'Q9J\XLG[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP 56 SC[ K[P

5P 5'Q9J\XL 5|F6LVMDF\ XLQF" 5|N[XDF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP CMI K[P

&P 5'Q9J\XL 5|F6LVMDF\ 5|R,G DF8[ I]uD PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP CMI K[P

*P 5'Q9J\XLDF\ SFl:Y S[ Vl:YG\] AG[,\] PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP CMI K[P

(P V[ldOVMS;; V[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP G\] pNFCZ6 K[P

)P 5'Q9J\XL 5|F6LVMDF\ ìNI 5FRGDFU"GL PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP AFH]V[ CMI K[P

5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ TOFJTGF RFZvRFZ D]¡F ,BMPTOFJTGF RFZvRFZ D]¡F ,BMPTOFJTGF RFZvRFZ D]¡F ,BMPTOFJTGF RFZvRFZ D]¡F ,BMPTOFJTGF RFZvRFZ D]¡F ,BMP

V5'Q9J\XL v 5'Q9J\XL

v TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M v

Page 199: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

183 183 183 183 183

WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o ) lJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6

lJnFYL"lD+4 VF JS"SF0"GM RLJ85}J"S VeIF; SZJFYL TD[4

)P! JU" o R};D]BF lJX[ HF6L XSXMP

)PZ 5|JU" o Dt:I lJX[ HF6L XSXMP

)P# JU" o SFl:Y Dt:IGF ,1F6MGL DFlCTL D[/JL XSXMP

)P$ JU" o Vl:Y Dt:IGF ,1F6MGL DFlCTL D[/JL XSXMP

JS"SF0" o Z!JS"SF0" o Z!JS"SF0" o Z!JS"SF0" o Z!JS"SF0" o Z!

û p5;]NFI 5'Q9J\XLG[ A[ H}YDF\ JC[\RJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ o CG]lJCLG VG[ CG]WFZLP CG]lJCLG 5|F6LVMDF\

D]BGL VF;5F; H0AF\ CMTF\ GYLP CF,DF\ OST V[S 5|SFZGF\ CG]lJCLG Vl:TtJDF\ K[ T[ JU" R}QFD]BFDF\

;DFJFI K[P

)P!)P!)P!)P!)P! JU" o R}QFD]BFJU" o R}QFD]BFJU" o R}QFD]BFJU" o R}QFD]BFJU" o R}QFD]BF

l ;D]ãJF;L 5|F6LVM K[P

l VU| K[0[4 J1F AFH] UM/FSFZ VG[ R}QFS 5|SFZG\] D]B CMI K[P

l D]BDF\ H0AF\GM VEFJ CMI K[P

l V\ToS\SF, SFl:YG\] AG[,\] CMI K[P

l ìNI läB\0L CMI K[P

l D}+l5\0 VG[ HGGl5\0 V[SvV[S CMI K[P

l hF,Z OF8 äFZF `J;G SZ[ K[P

pNFP ,[d5|L4 C[UlOX

û CG]WFZLGF A[ 5|JU" 50[ K[ o Dt:I VG[ RT]Q5FN

)PZ)PZ)PZ)PZ)PZ 5|JU" o Dt:I5|JU" o Dt:I5|JU" o Dt:I5|JU" o Dt:I5|JU" o Dt:I

l H,H 5|F6LVM ;FDFgI ZLT[ DFK,LVM TZLS[ VM/BFI K[P

l XZLZ 5F6LDF\ TZJF DF8[ VG]S}/ +FSFSFZ CMI K[P

l 5F6LDF\ TZJF DF8[ DLG51F (Fins) CMI K[P

l XZLZ EÄU0F\YL VFJlZT CMI K[P

l ìNI A[ B\0MG\] AG[,\] CMI K[P

l `J;G DF8[ S\9GF,LI hF,ZM CMI K[P

l l,\UL 5|HGG4 AFæO,G S[ V\ToO,G NXF"J[ K[P

Page 200: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

184 184 184 184 184

)P#)P#)P#)P#)P# JU" o SFl:YDt:IJU" o SFl:YDt:IJU" o SFl:YDt:IJU" o SFl:YDt:IJU" o SFl:YDt:I

l V\ToS\SF, SFl:YG\] AG[,\] CMI K[P

l hF,Z OF8M B]<,L CMI K[P hF,Z -F\S6 CMT\] GYLP

l D]B XZLZGL VU|vJ1F AFH]V[ CMI K[P

l 5]rK DLG51F V;DFG CMI K[P

pNFP XFS"

)P$)P$)P$)P$)P$ JU" o Vl:YDt:IJU" o Vl:YDt:IJU" o Vl:YDt:IJU" o Vl:YDt:IJU" o Vl:YDt:I

l V\ToS\SF, Vl:YG\] AG[,\] CMI K[P

l hF,Z OF8M hF,Z-F\S6 J0[ -\SFI[,L CMI K[P

l D]B XZLZGF VU| K[0[ CMI K[P

l 5]rKDLG51F ;DFG CMI K[P

pNFP AFA";4 ZMC]

5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P! GLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MP

!P p5;D]NFI o 5'Q9J\XLG[ SIF A[ H}YDF\ JC[\RJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ m

ZP JU" o R}QFD]BFGF 5|F6LVM SIF\ J;[ K[ m

#P JU" o R}QFD]BFDF\ S[JF 5|SFZG\] D]B CMI K[ m

$P JU" o R}QFD]BFDF\ V\ToS\SF, XFG\] AG[,\] CMI K[ m

5P JU" o R}QFD]BFDF\ ìNI S[8,F B\0L CMI K[ m

&P JU" o R}QFD]BFDF\ pt;H"G DF8[ SI\] V\U CMI K[ m

*P JU" o R}QFD]BF XFGF äFZF `J;G SZ[ K[ m

(P CG]WFZLGF SIF A[ 5|JU" 50[ K[ m

)P H,H 5|F6LVM SIF GFD[ VM/BFI K[ m

!_P 5|JU" o Dt:IGL XZLZZRGF H6FJMP

!!P 5|JU" o Dt:IDF\ XZLZ OZT[ XFG\] VFJZ6 CMI K[ m

!ZP 5|JU" o Dt:IDF\ `J;G DF8[ SI\] V\U CMI K[ m

!#P 5|JU" o Dt:IGF SIF A[ JU" K[ m

!$P JU" o SFl:YDt:IDF\ V\ToS\SF, XFG\] AG[,\] CMI K[ m

!5P JU" o SFl:YDt:IDF\ SIF 5|F6LGM ;DFJ[X YFI K[ m

!&P JU" o Vl:YDt:IGL XZLZZRGF lJX[ ,BMP

!*P JU" o Vl:YDt:IGF\ A[ pNFCZ6M VF5MP

v TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M v

Page 201: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

185 185 185 185 185

WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o ) lJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6

lJnFYL"lD+4 VF JS"SF0"GM RLJ85}J"S VeIF; SZJFYL TD[4

!_P! 5|JU" o RT]Q5FN lJX[ HF6L XSXMP

!_PZ JU" o éEIÒJLGF ,1F6M ;DÒ XSXMP

!_P# JU" o ;lZ;'5 V\U[ DFlCTL D[/JL XSXMP

JS"SF0" o ZZJS"SF0" o ZZJS"SF0" o ZZJS"SF0" o ZZJS"SF0" o ZZ

!_P!!_P!!_P!!_P!!_P! 5|JU" o RT]Q5FN5|JU" o RT]Q5FN5|JU" o RT]Q5FN5|JU" o RT]Q5FN5|JU" o RT]Q5FNl 5|F6LXZLZDF\ A[ HM0 p5F\UM VFJ[,F\ CMI K[P NZ[S p5F\UDF\ 5F\R VF\U/LVM CMI K[Pl S\SF,T\+ Vl:YG\] AG[,\] CMI K[Pl `J;G ;FDFgI ZLT[ O[O;F\ äFZF YFI K[Pl RT]Q5FN 5|JU"DF\ v éEIÒJL4 ;lZ;'54 lJCU VG[ ;:TG JU"GM ;DFJ[X YFI K[P!_PZ!_PZ!_PZ!_PZ!_PZ JU" o éEIÒJLJU" o éEIÒJLJU" o éEIÒJLJU" o éEIÒJLJU" o éEIÒJL

VF JU"GF\ 5|F6LVMGF ÒJGGF A[ TAÞF K[P UEF"J:YFDF\ H,H ÒJGG[ VG]S}/ VG[ 5]bT5|F6L :Y/H T[DH H,H ÒJGG[ VG]S}/ ,1F6M NXF"J[ K[P VFYL T[VM éEIÒJL SC[JFI K[P

l 5|F6LVM HDLG 5Z VG[ 5F6LDF\ J;JF8 SZ[ K[Pl RFD0LGM D]bI `J;GF\U TZLS[ p5IMU CMJFYL AFæS\SF,GM VEFJ CMI K[Pl VU| p5F\UDF\ RFZ VG[ 5F`J" p5F\UDF\ 5F\R VF\U/LVM CMI K[Pl 5|F6LDF\ AFæS6"GM VEFJ CMI K[Pl ìNI l+B\0L CMI K[P A[ S6"S VG[ V[S SMQFSPl 5FRGDFU"GF K[0[ VJ;FZ6L CMI K[ H[DF\ VgGDFU"4

pt;U"DFU" VG[ 5|HGGDFU" B},[ K[Pl V[Sl,\UL 5|F6LVM ~5FgTZ6 NXF"J[ K[P

pNFP N[0SM4 ;[,FD¶g0Z)P#)P#)P#)P#)P# JU" o ;lZ;'5JU" o ;lZ;'5JU" o ;lZ;'5JU" o ;lZ;'5JU" o ;lZ;'5

5|F6LVM 5[8[ ;ZSLG[ RF,TF\ CMJFYL ;lZ;'5 SC[JFI K[Pl HDLG 5Z s:Y/RZf VG[ 5F6LDF\ sH/RZf ZC[TF\ 5|F6LVM K[P S[8,F\S 5|F6LVM NZJF;L CMI K[Pl RFD0L ;}SL CMI K[P XZLZ 5Z EÄU0F\ CMIK[Pl p5F\UM 8}\SF CMI K[P NZ[S p5F\UDF\ GCMZI]ST 5F\R VF\U/LVM CMI K[P ;F5DF\ p5F\UMGM VEFJ

CMI K[Pl VF\BGL 5FK/ RFD0LGL ;5F8L 5Z S6"G\] lKã CMI K[Pl ìNI A[ S6"S VG[ V[S 1F[5S V[D l+B\0L CMI K[P

1F[5S V5}6" lJEFlHT CMI K[Pl l,\UL 5|HGG NXF"JTF\ V[Sl,\UL 5|F6LVM K[Pl V\ToO,G VG[ XZLZGL ACFZ è0FDF\ UE"lJSF; NXF"J[ K[Pl V;DTF5L 5|F6LVM K[P

pNFP UZM/L4 ;F54 DUZ4 SFRÄ0M4 SFRAM

Page 202: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

186 186 186 186 186

5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P! GLR[GL BF,LHuIFVM IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GL BF,LHuIFVM IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GL BF,LHuIFVM IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GL BF,LHuIFVM IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GL BF,LHuIFVM IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMP

!P RT]Q5FN 5|F6LGF NZ[S p5F\UDF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP VF\U/LVM CMI K[P

ZP RT]Q5FN 5|F6LG\] S\SF,T\+ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP G\] AG[,\] CMI K[P

#P RT]Q5FN 5|F6LDF\ `J;G PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP äFZF YFI K[P

$P éEIÒJL 5|F6LVMGF ÒJGGF PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP TAÞF CMI K[P

5P éEIÒJL 5|F6LVMDF\ RFD0LGM D]bI p5IMU PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP TZLS[ YFI K[P

&P éEIÒJLDF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPGM VEFJ CMI K[P

*P éEIÒJLDF\ ìNI PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP B\0 WZFJ[ K[P

(P 5[8[ ;ZSLG[ RF,TF 5|F6LVMG[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP SC[ K[P

)P ;lZ;'5DF\ VF\BGL 5FK/ RFD0LGL ;5F8L 5Z PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP G\] KLã HMJF D/[ K[P

!_P SFRAM V[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP JU"G\] 5|F6L K[P

5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ GLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MP

!P 5|JU" RT]Q5FNGF A[ ,1F6M H6FJMP !PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP ZPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

ZP éEIÒJL 5|F6LVMGF A[ pNFCZ6M VF5MP !PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP ZPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

#P ;lZ;'5 5|F6LVMGF\ A[ ,1F6M H6FJMP !PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP ZPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

v TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M v

Page 203: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

187 187 187 187 187

WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o ) lJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6V[SD o 5|F6L JUL"SZ6

lJnFYL"lD+4 VF JS"SF0"GM RLJ85}J"S VeIF; SZJFYL TD[4

!!P! JU" o lJCU V\U[GL DFlCTL D[/JL XSXMP

!!P!P! JU" o lJCUGF pNFCZ6 VF5L XSXMP

!!PZ JU" o ;:TG lJX[ HF6L XSXMP

!!PZP! JU" ;:TGGF ;ÒJMGL lJX[QFTFVM HF6L XSXMP

JS"SF0" o Z#JS"SF0" o Z#JS"SF0" o Z#JS"SF0" o Z#JS"SF0" o Z#

!!P!!!P!!!P!!!P!!!P! lJCUlJCUlJCUlJCUlJCU

VF JU"GF\ 5|F6LVM 51FL TZLS[ VM/BFI K[P XZLZ 5Z 5ÄKF\ WZFJ[ K[P T[ CJFDF\VF JU"GF\ 5|F6LVM 51FL TZLS[ VM/BFI K[P XZLZ 5Z 5ÄKF\ WZFJ[ K[P T[ CJFDF\VF JU"GF\ 5|F6LVM 51FL TZLS[ VM/BFI K[P XZLZ 5Z 5ÄKF\ WZFJ[ K[P T[ CJFDF\VF JU"GF\ 5|F6LVM 51FL TZLS[ VM/BFI K[P XZLZ 5Z 5ÄKF\ WZFJ[ K[P T[ CJFDF\VF JU"GF\ 5|F6LVM 51FL TZLS[ VM/BFI K[P XZLZ 5Z 5ÄKF\ WZFJ[ K[P T[ CJFDF\

D]ST ZLT[ OZL XS[ K[PD]ST ZLT[ OZL XS[ K[PD]ST ZLT[ OZL XS[ K[PD]ST ZLT[ OZL XS[ K[PD]ST ZLT[ OZL XS[ K[P

l XZLZDF\ AFæS\SF, TZLS[ 5ÄKF\4 EÄU0F\4 RF\R4 GCMZ CMI K[P

l VU| p5F\U 5F\BDF\ ~5FgTlZT YFI K[P 5ü p5F\UM RF,JF4 NM0JF S[ TZJFDF\ p5IMUL K[P

l V\ToS\SF, lKlãQ9 CF0SF\G\] AG[,\] CMI K[P T[DF\ CJF EZ[,L CMI K[P

l KFTLG\] CF0S\] 5FT/\] VG[ CM0L VFSFZG\] CMI K[P

l H0AF\ RF\RDF\ ~5F\TZ 5FD[ K[P T[DF\ NF\T CMTF GYLP

l XZLZDF\ O[O;F\GF 5M,F6 ;FY[ HM0FI[,F\ 5FT/L NLJF,JF/L CJFGL SMY/LVM (Air Sacs) CMI K[P

l D}+FXIGM VEFJ CMI K[P VW"3G ;F\gã D}+VW"3G ;F\gã D}+VW"3G ;F\gã D}+VW"3G ;F\gã D}+VW"3G ;F\gã D}+GM tIFU D/ ;FY[ SZ[ K[P

l ìNI RFZ B\0M WZFJ[ K[P

l ;DTF5L 5|F6LVM K[P

l V[Sl,\UL 5|F6L4 V\ToO,GV\ToO,GV\ToO,GV\ToO,GV\ToO,G NXF"J[ K[P UE"lJSF; XZLZGL ACFZ è0FGF SMR,FDF\ YFI K[P

l 5|F6LVM DF/M AF\W[ K[P T[DF\ è0F D}SLG[ T[G\] ;[JG SZ[ K[P è0F VG[ ArRF\GL ;\EF/ ,[ K[ v l5T'5F,G

J'l¿ CMI K[P

pNFP RS,L4 SA}TZ4 DMZ

Page 204: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

188 188 188 188 188

!!PZ!!PZ!!PZ!!PZ!!PZ JU" o ;:TGJU" o ;:TGJU" o ;:TGJU" o ;:TGJU" o ;:TG

;:TG JU"GF\ 5|F6LVM ;F{YL prR S1FFGF\ 5|F6LVM K[P T[VM :TGU|\lYVM WZFJ[ K[P T[YL T[VMG[

;:TG SC[ K[P

l 5'yJL 5Z ;F{YL 5|EFJL VG[ ;O/ 5|F6LVM K[P

l H]NF H]NF 5|SFZGF J;JF8MDF\ J;TF\ 5|F6LVM K[P

l XZLZ 5Z JF/G\] AlCSÅSF, CMI K[P

l RFD0LDF\ T{,U|\lYVM VG[ 5|:J[NU|\lYVM CMI K[P

l NZ[S p5F\UDF\ 5F\R VF\U/LVM CMI4 T[G[ K[0[ GB S[ GCMZ CMI K[P S[8,F\SDF\ VF\U/LVMG[ AN,[ BZL

CMI K[P

l DM-FDF\ H0AF\GF BF0FDF\ A\WA[;TF lJlJW 5|SFZGF\ NF\T CMI K[P

l ìNI RFZ B\0MI]ST CMI K[P

l Z]lWZGF ZSTS6MDF\ SMQFS[gãGM VEFJ CMI K[P

l AFæS6"GL ZRGFDF\ XZLZGL ;5F8L 5Z l:YlT:YF5S S6"5<,J CMI K[P

l DUHGM lJSF; prR S1FFGM K[P

l GZDF\ X]S|l5\0 XZLZGL ACFZ J'QF6SMY/LDF\ CMI K[P

l V\ToO,G4 V\ToUE"lJSF; YFI K[P lXX]G[ HgD VF5[ K[P

l ;DTF5L 5|F6LVM K[P

l D/äFZ VG[ HGGäFZ H]NF\ CMI K[P

l l5T'5F,G J'l¿GM lJSF; B}A ;FZF 5|DF6DF\ HMJF D/[ K[P

pNFP ëNZ4 ;;,\]4 RFDFRLl0I\]4 JC[,4 DFGJL4 lRd5FghL

5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P!5|P! GLR[GL BF,LHuIFVM IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GL BF,LHuIFVM IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GL BF,LHuIFVM IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GL BF,LHuIFVM IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GL BF,LHuIFVM IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMP

!P lJCU JU"DF\ H0AFG\] ~5F\TZ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP YI[, CMI K[P

ZP lJCU JU"DF\ ìNI PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP B\0M WZFJ[ K[P

#P lJCU JU"DF\ XZLZ ZRGF PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP VFSFZGL CMI K[P

$P lJCU JU"DF\ CF0SF PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP CMI K[P

5P 5'yJL 5Z ;F{YL 5|EFJL VG[ ;O/ 5|F6LVM PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP K[P

&P ;:TG JU"DF\ AFæS\SF, TZLS[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP CMI K[P

*P ;:TG JU"DF\ Z]lWZGF ZSTS6MDF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP GM VEFJ CMI K[P

5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ5|PZ GLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA 8}\SDF\ VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA 8}\SDF\ VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA 8}\SDF\ VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA 8}\SDF\ VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA 8}\SDF\ VF5MP

!P lJCU JU"GF A[ lJlXQ8 ,1F6M H6FJMP

ZP ;:TG JU"GF 5|F6LVMGL lJX[QFTFVM H6FJMP

v TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M TDFZ\] 7FG RSF;M v

Page 205: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

5lZlXQ8v#5lZlXQ8v#5lZlXQ8v#5lZlXQ8v#5lZlXQ8v#

:8MZL AM0":8MZL AM0":8MZL AM0":8MZL AM0":8MZL AM0"

DFU"NX"SDFU"NX"SDFU"NX"SDFU"NX"SDFU"NX"S0F¶P S[P JLP ZF9M0

B.Sc., M.Ed., Ph.D.

5|IMHS5|IMHS5|IMHS5|IMHS5|IMHSZ1FF V[RP p5FwIFI

M.Sc., M.Ed.

zLDTL H[P H[P S\]0l,IF U|[HI]V[8 8LR;" SM,[H

s;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8Lf

ZFHSM8

189189189189189

Page 206: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

R.H. Upadhyay 1

R.H. Upadhyay 2

(Epithelial Tissues)

R.H. Upadhyay 3

(Epithelial Tissues)

R.H. Upadhyay 4

(Epithelial Tissues)

R.H. Upadhyay 5

R.H. Upadhyay 6

Page 207: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

R.H. Upadhyay 7

(Simple Epithelium)

R.H. Upadhyay 8

(Squarious Epithelium)

R.H. Upadhyay 9

(Cuboidal Epithelium)

R.H. Upadhyay 10

(Culumanan Epithelium)

R.H. Upadhyay 11

(Ciliated Epithelium)

R.H. Upadhyay 12

Page 208: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

R.H. Upadhyay 13

R.H. Upadhyay 14

Page 209: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

R.H. Upadhyay 1

(Stratified Epithelium)

(Germinative Stratum)

(Milpighian Layer)

R.H. Upadhyay 2

(Stratified Epithelium)

R.H. Upadhyay 3

R.H. Upadhyay 4

(Connective Tissue)

(i) (ii)

R.H. Upadhyay 5

(Connective Tissue)

R.H. Upadhyay 6

Page 210: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

R.H. Upadhyay 7

R.H. Upadhyay 8

(i) (ii)(iii)

R.H. Upadhyay 9

R.H. Upadhyay 10

(Skeletal ConnectiveTissue)

R.H. Upadhyay 11

R.H. Upadhyay 12

Page 211: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

R.H. Upadhyay 1

(Cartilage)

R.H. Upadhyay 2

(Cartilage)

R.H. Upadhyay 3

(Bone )

(Ossein)

R.H. Upadhyay 4

(Liquid Connective Tissue)

R.H. Upadhyay 5

(Blood)

8020

R.H. Upadhyay 6

(Blood)

55% 45 %

(i)(ii) (iii)

O2 CO2

Page 212: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

R.H. Upadhyay 7

(Muscle Tissue)

R.H. Upadhyay 8

(Muscle Tissue)

(i)(Skeletal Muscle / Striated Muscle)(ii)

(Visceral Muscle / Smooth Muscle)(iii) (Cardiac Muscle)

R.H. Upadhyay 9

R.H. Upadhyay 10

80%

45%

R.H. Upadhyay 11

(Skeletal Muscle)

(Tendon)

(Voluntary Muscle)

R.H. Upadhyay 12

(Skeletal Muscle)

(Myofibrils)

Page 213: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

R.H. Upadhyay 13

(Visceral Muscle/SmoothMuscle)

R.H. Upadhyay 14

Cardiac Muscle

R.H. Upadhyay 15

Cardiac Muscle

R.H. Upadhyay 16

Nervous Tissue

R.H. Upadhyay 17

Nervous Tissue

R.H. Upadhyay 18

Nervous Tissue

Page 214: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

R.H. Upadhyay 19

R.H. Upadhyay 20

Page 215: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

R.H. Upadhyay 1 R.H. Upadhyay 2

Applied Biology

R.H. Upadhyay 3 R.H. Upadhyay 4

R.H. Upadhyay 5 R.H. Upadhyay 6

Page 216: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

R.H. Upadhyay 7 R.H. Upadhyay 8

R.H. Upadhyay 9 R.H. Upadhyay 10

R.H. Upadhyay 11 R.H. Upadhyay 12

Page 217: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

R.H. Upadhyay 13

Page 218: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

R.H. Upadhyay 1 R.H. Upadhyay 2

R.H. Upadhyay 3 R.H. Upadhyay 4

R.H. Upadhyay 5

-

R.H. Upadhyay 6

Page 219: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

R.H. Upadhyay 7 R.H. Upadhyay 8

R.H. Upadhyay 9

R.H. Upadhyay 10

Page 220: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

R.H. Upadhyay 1

R.H. Upadhyay 2

R.H. Upadhyay 3

R.H. Upadhyay 4

R.H. Upadhyay 5

R.H. Upadhyay 6

Page 221: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

R.H. Upadhyay 7

R.H. Upadhyay 8

R.H. Upadhyay 9

R.H. Upadhyay 10

Page 222: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

R.H. Upadhyay 1

R.H. Upadhyay 2

R.H. Upadhyay 3

R.H. Upadhyay 4

R.H. Upadhyay 5

R.H. Upadhyay 6

Page 223: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

R.H. Upadhyay 7

Page 224: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

1

(uniqueness)

2

3 4

5 6

Page 225: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

7 8

9 10

11 12

Page 226: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

13 14

15 16

17 18

Page 227: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

19 20

21 22

23 24

Page 228: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

25 26

(Taxonomy)

27

(Ecology) (Biogeography)

(Applied biology)

28(Nomenclature)

(Binomial Nomenclature)

29

(Nomenclature)

30

Page 229: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

31

Page 230: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

1

2

3(Protista)

4

5

(Conjugation)

6

Page 231: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

7 8(Metazoa)

9 10

11(Porifera)

12(Porifera)

Page 232: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

13

15

Page 233: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

1(Eumetaozoa )

( Division of Labour )

2(Coelenterate)

(Mesoglea)

3(Coelenterate)

(Polyp) (Medusa)

(Coelenteron)

4(Coelenterate)

5 6

(Suckers) (Hooks)

Page 234: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

7

(Flame cell)

8

9

10

11 12(Annelida)

Page 235: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

13(Annelida)

(Setae) (Parapodia)

14

15

16

Page 236: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

1(Arthropoda)

(Jointe appendages)

2(Arthropoda)

3(Arthropoda)

4(Arthropoda)

5 6

Page 237: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

7(Mollusea)

(Mantle)

8(Mollusea)

9 10(Echinodermata)

11(Echinodermata)

(Water vascule system)

12

Page 238: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

13

14

15

Page 239: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

1

2

3

4(Eumetaozoa )

5 6

Page 240: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

7

Page 241: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

1

2

3(Vertebrate)

(Cramiata)

4(Vertebrate)

5 6

Page 242: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

1 2(Pisces)

(Fins)

3(Pisces)

4

5(Chondreichthyes)

6

Page 243: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

7(Osteichthyes)

8

9

10

11

12

Page 244: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

13

15 16

Page 245: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

7

8(Cyclostomata)

9 10

11

Page 246: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

1 2(Pisces)

(Fins)

3(Pisces)

4

5(Chondreichthyes)

6

Page 247: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

7(Osteichthyes)

8

9

10

11

12

Page 248: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

13

15 16

Page 249: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

1(Reptilia)

2(Reptilia)

3 4(Aves)

5(Aves)

6(Aves)

(Air )

Page 250: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

7(Aves)

8

9(Mammalla)

10(Mammalla)

11(Mammalla)

12(Mammals)

Page 251: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

13 14

15 16

Page 252: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

1 2

M.Sc., M.Ed.

3

B.Sc.,M.Ed.,Ph.D.

4

5

Page 253: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

246 246 246 246 246

zLDTL H[P H[P S\]0l,IF U|[HI]V[8 8LR;" SM,[H

s;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8Lf

ZFHSM8

DFU"NX"SDFU"NX"SDFU"NX"SDFU"NX"SDFU"NX"S

0F¶P S[PJLP ZF9M00F¶P S[PJLP ZF9M00F¶P S[PJLP ZF9M00F¶P S[PJLP ZF9M00F¶P S[PJLP ZF9M0ALPV[;;LP4 V[DPV[0ŸP4 5LV[RP0LP

WMZ6v)WMZ6v)WMZ6v)WMZ6v)WMZ6v)lJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH

5|IMHS5|IMHS5|IMHS5|IMHS5|IMHS

Z1FF V[RP p5FwIFIZ1FF V[RP p5FwIFIZ1FF V[RP p5FwIFIZ1FF V[RP p5FwIFIZ1FF V[RP p5FwIFIV[DPV[;;LP4 V[DPV[0ŸP

5lZlXQ8v55lZlXQ8v55lZlXQ8v55lZlXQ8v55lZlXQ8v55|F6L5[XLVM4 JG:5lT JUL"SZ64 5|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L5[XLVM4 JG:5lT JUL"SZ64 5|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L5[XLVM4 JG:5lT JUL"SZ64 5|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L5[XLVM4 JG:5lT JUL"SZ64 5|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L5[XLVM4 JG:5lT JUL"SZ64 5|F6L JUL"SZ6

s:JFwIFI 5MYLfs:JFwIFI 5MYLfs:JFwIFI 5MYLfs:JFwIFI 5MYLfs:JFwIFI 5MYLf

Page 254: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

247 247 247 247 247

:JFwIFIv!:JFwIFIv!:JFwIFIv!:JFwIFIv!:JFwIFIv!

5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv! GLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}6" SZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}6" SZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}6" SZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}6" SZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}6" SZMP

!P VlWrKNLI 5[XLGL ZRGFDF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP DM8L ;\bIFDF\ CMI K[P

ZP VlWrKNLI 5[XLDF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP VSMQFL :TZ K[P

#P VlWrKNLI 5[XL PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP G\] SFI" SZ[ K[P

$P VlWrKNLI 5[XLGF D]bI PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP 5|SFZ K[P

5P VlWrKNLI 5[XLGF SMQFM JrR[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP CMTM GYLP

:JFwIFIvZ:JFwIFIvZ:JFwIFIvZ:JFwIFIvZ:JFwIFIvZ

5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv! GLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA DF+ V[S XaN S[ XaN;D}CDF\ VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA DF+ V[S XaN S[ XaN;D}CDF\ VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA DF+ V[S XaN S[ XaN;D}CDF\ VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA DF+ V[S XaN S[ XaN;D}CDF\ VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA DF+ V[S XaN S[ XaN;D}CDF\ VF5MP

!P 3GFSFZ VlWrKNGF SMQFM S[JF VFSFZGF CMI K[ m PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

ZP ,FNL;D VlWrKN SIF V\UMDF\ HMJF D/[ K[ m PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

#P :T\ELI VlWrKNGF SMQFM S[JF VFSFZGF CMI K[ m PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

$P 51D, VlWrKN SIF V\UMDF\ HMJF D/[ K[ m PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

5P 51D, VlWrKNDF\ XFGF ;TT C,GR,GG[ ,LW[ 5|JFC ;HF"I K[ m PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

:JFwIFIv#:JFwIFIv#:JFwIFIv#:JFwIFIv#:JFwIFIv#

5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv! GLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MP

!P DFl<5l3IG :TZGL jIFbIF VF5MP

ZP :T'T VlWrKNG\] :YFG H6FJMP

#P VlWrKN 5[XLGF A[ SFIM" H6FJMP

:JFwIFIv$:JFwIFIv$:JFwIFIv$:JFwIFIv$:JFwIFIv$

5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv! GLR[GF 5|`GMGF V[SvA[ JFSIDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF V[SvA[ JFSIDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF V[SvA[ JFSIDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF V[SvA[ JFSIDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF V[SvA[ JFSIDF\ HJFA VF5MP

!P ;\IMHS 5[XLG\] SFI" H6FJMP

ZP ;\IMHS 5[XLDF\ ;DFlJQ8 A[ 38SMGF GFD VF5MP

#P ;\IMHS 5[XLDF\ VF\TZSMQFLI ãjI S[J\] CMI K[ m

$P T\T]38S 5[XLDF\ SIF +6 5|SFZGF SMQFM HMJF D/[ K[ m

5P T\T]38S 5[XLG\] :YFG H6FJMP

&P SFl:YGF A[ pNFCZ6M VF5MP

*P Vl:Y VG[ SFl:Y JrR[GF TOFJTGM V[SvV[S D]¡M ,BMP

(P N[0SFGF XZLZDF\ Z]lWZDF\ Z]lWZZ; S[8,F 8SF CMI K[ m

)P Z]lWZGM V[S U]6 H6FJMP

!_P Z]lWZDF\ +6 5|SFZGF SMQFM HMJF D/[ K[ m

Page 255: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

248 248 248 248 248

:JFwIFIv5:JFwIFIv5:JFwIFIv5:JFwIFIv5:JFwIFIv5

5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv! GLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMP

!P XZLZGF V\UMGF C,GR,G ;FY[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP 5[XL ;\S/FI[,L K[P

ZP H9Z4 VF\TZ0F\DF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP :GFI] HMJF D/[ K[P

#P ìNIGL NLJF,GL ZRGFDF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP :GFI] HMJF D/[ K[P

$P R[TF5[XLGM A\WFZ6LI V[SD PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP K[P

5P R[TFSMQFM V[S9F Y.G[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP GL ZRGF SZ[ K[P

:JFwIFIv&:JFwIFIv&:JFwIFIv&:JFwIFIv&:JFwIFIv&

5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv! GLR[GF 5|`GMGF VlT 8}\SDF\ p¿Z VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF VlT 8}\SDF\ p¿Z VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF VlT 8}\SDF\ p¿Z VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF VlT 8}\SDF\ p¿Z VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF VlT 8}\SDF\ p¿Z VF5MP

!P ;ÒJM S.vS. ZLT[ V[SALHFYL H]NF\ 50[ K[ m

ZP JUL"SZ6G\] DCÀJ NXF"JTF\ A[ JFSIM ,BMP

#P DFGJL VG[ DSF.G\] J{7FlGS GFD H6FJMP

:JFwIFIv*:JFwIFIv*:JFwIFIv*:JFwIFIv*:JFwIFIv*

5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv! GLR[GF 5|`GMGF VlT 8}\SDF\ p¿Z VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF VlT 8}\SDF\ p¿Z VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF VlT 8}\SDF\ p¿Z VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF VlT 8}\SDF\ p¿Z VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF VlT 8}\SDF\ p¿Z VF5MP

!P 5]Q5 G WZFJTL CMI T[JL JG:5lTG[ X\] SC[ K[ m

ZP ;F.hMOFI8FDF\ HMJF D/TF\ lJlJW SMQFMGF DF+ GFD VF5MP

#P D}/4 5|SF\0 VG[ 56" H[JF V\UM G CMI T[JF JG:5lT N[CG[ X\] SC[ K[ m

:JFwIFIv(:JFwIFIv(:JFwIFIv(:JFwIFIv(:JFwIFIv(

5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv! GLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[, BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[, BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[, BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[, BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[, BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMP

!P ,L,DF\ ClZTãjI p5ZF\T PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP GL CFHZL 56 CMI K[P

ZP ,L,DF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP T\T]DI4 5ÎLDI S[ UM/FSFZ :J~5 NXF"J[ K[P

#P :5FIUFIZF V[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP G\] pNFCZ6 K[P

$P O}UGF ;]SFIG[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP SC[ K[P

5P DX~D V[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP G\] pNFCZ6 K[P

&P ,L, VG[ O}UGF V[SALHFG[ ,FENFIL ;CÒJGYL ;HF"TF ÒJ5|SFZG[ PPPPPPPPPPP SC[ K[P

*P 5FD["l,IF V[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP G\] pNFCZ6 K[P

:JFwIFIv):JFwIFIv):JFwIFIv):JFwIFIv):JFwIFIv)

5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv! GLR[GF 5|`GMGF V[SvA[ JFSIDF\ p¿Z VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF V[SvA[ JFSIDF\ p¿Z VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF V[SvA[ JFSIDF\ p¿Z VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF V[SvA[ JFSIDF\ p¿Z VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF V[SvA[ JFSIDF\ p¿Z VF5MP

!P läV\UL JG:5lTGL N[C ZRGF S[JL CMI K[ m

ZP l+V\UL JG:5lTGL N[CZRGF H6FJMP

Page 256: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

249 249 249 249 249

#P l+V\UL JG:5lTG\] V[S pNFCZ6 VF5MP

$P DCFALHF6] SIF\ WFZ6 YFI K[ m

5P VGFJ'¿ ALHWFZLDF\ 5ZFUGIG SMGF äFZF YFI K[ m

&P VGFJ'¿ ALHWFZL S[JF 5]Q5M WZFJ[ K[ m

*P VGFJ'¿ ALHWFZL JG:5lTGF A[ pNFCZ6M VF5MP

:JFwIFIv!_:JFwIFIv!_:JFwIFIv!_:JFwIFIv!_:JFwIFIv!_

5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv! GLR[GF 5|`GMGF VlT 8}\SDF\ p¿Z VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF VlT 8}\SDF\ p¿Z VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF VlT 8}\SDF\ p¿Z VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF VlT 8}\SDF\ p¿Z VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF VlT 8}\SDF\ p¿Z VF5MP

!P prR S1FFGL ;5]Q5L JG:5lTGM ;DFJ[X XFDF\ YFI K[ m

ZP VFJ'¿ ALHWFZLGL N[CZRGF S[JL CMI K[ m

#P VFJ'¿ ALHWFZLDF\ 5ZFUGIG SMGF äFZF YFI K[ m

$P JU" o läN/LDF\ 56M" S[JF lXZFlJgIF; WZFJ[ K[ m

5P läN/L JG:5lTGF\ ALHDF\ S[8,F ALH5+M CMI K[ m

5|`GvZ5|`GvZ5|`GvZ5|`GvZ5|`GvZ GLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMP

!P VFJ'¿ ALHWFZLDF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP 5]Q5M ;HF"I K[P

ZP läN/L JG:5lTDF\ D}/T\+ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP 5|SFZG\] CMI K[P

#P ;}I"D]BLV[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP G\] pNFCZ6 K[P

$P V[SN/LGF 5]Q5M PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP VJIJL CMI K[P

5P V[SN/LGF ALHDF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP ALH5+ CMI K[P

&P V[SN/L JG:5lTGF 56M" PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP lXZFlJgIF; WZFJ[ K[P

*P DSF. V[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP G\] pNFCZ6 K[P

:JFwIFIv!!:JFwIFIv!!:JFwIFIv!!:JFwIFIv!!:JFwIFIv!!

5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv! GLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[,L BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMP

!P 5|ÒJ 5|F6LVMDF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP DF8[ BM8F 5U S[ 51DM CMI K[P

ZP VDLAF V[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP G\] pNFCZ6 K[P

#P 5|ÒJDF\ BMZFSG\] 5FRG PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP DF\ YT\] CMI K[P

:JFwIFIv!Z:JFwIFIv!Z:JFwIFIv!Z:JFwIFIv!Z:JFwIFIv!Z

5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv! GLR[ NXF"J[, 5|F6LVMG\] ;D]NFI D]HA JUL"SZ6 SZMPGLR[ NXF"J[, 5|F6LVMG\] ;D]NFI D]HA JUL"SZ6 SZMPGLR[ NXF"J[, 5|F6LVMG\] ;D]NFI D]HA JUL"SZ6 SZMPGLR[ NXF"J[, 5|F6LVMG\] ;D]NFI D]HA JUL"SZ6 SZMPGLR[ NXF"J[, 5|F6LVMG\] ;D]NFI D]HA JUL"SZ6 SZMP

5[ZFlDlXID4 H[l,lOX4 JF/M4 ;FUZUM8F4 RFDFRLl0I\]4 RS,L4 JC[,4 KL54

DFBL4 CF.0=F

Page 257: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

250 250 250 250 250

:JFwIFIv!#:JFwIFIv!#:JFwIFIv!#:JFwIFIv!#:JFwIFIv!#

5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv! GLR[GF 5|`GMGF VlT 8}\SDF\ p¿Z VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF VlT 8}\SDF\ p¿Z VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF VlT 8}\SDF\ p¿Z VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF VlT 8}\SDF\ p¿Z VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF VlT 8}\SDF\ p¿Z VF5MP

!P ;lKã 5|F6LVMGF XZLZ S[JL ZRGF WZFJ[ K[ m

ZP SMQ9F\l+ 5|F6LVMDF\ 5|R,G4 BMZFS U|C6 VG[ Z1F6G\] SFI" SM6 SZ[ K[ m

#P ;lKã ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LVMGF\ A[ pNFCZ6M VF5MP

$P SMQ9F\l+ ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LVMGF\ A[ pNFCZ6M VF5MP

5P SMQ9F\l+ 5|F6LG\] R[TFT\+ S[J\] CMI K[ m

:JFwIFIv!$:JFwIFIv!$:JFwIFIv!$:JFwIFIv!$:JFwIFIv!$

5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv! GLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA DF+ V[S XaN S[ XaN;D}CDF\ VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA DF+ V[S XaN S[ XaN;D}CDF\ VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA DF+ V[S XaN S[ XaN;D}CDF\ VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA DF+ V[S XaN S[ XaN;D}CDF\ VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA DF+ V[S XaN S[ XaN;D}CDF\ VF5MP

!P 5'Y]S'lD 5|F6LVMG[ ALHF SIF GFD[ VM/BFI K[ m PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

ZP 5'Y]S'lDDF\ pt;H"GGF SFI" DF8[ S[JF SMQFM CMI K[ m PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

#P ;}+ H[JL XZLZ ZRGF WZFJTF\ 5|F6LVMG[ X\] SC[ K[ m PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

$P ;}+S'lDGF XZLZ 5Z XFG\] VFJZ6 CMI K[ m PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

5P ;}+S'lDGF A[ pNFCZ6M VF5MP !P PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP ZP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

:JFwIFIv!5:JFwIFIv!5:JFwIFIv!5:JFwIFIv!5:JFwIFIv!5

5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv! GLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA DF+ V[S XaN ;D}CDF\ VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA DF+ V[S XaN ;D}CDF\ VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA DF+ V[S XaN ;D}CDF\ VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA DF+ V[S XaN ;D}CDF\ VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA DF+ V[S XaN ;D}CDF\ VF5MP

!P G]5}ZS 5|F6LVMDF\ SI\] T\+ ;F{ 5|YD JBT HMJF D/[ K[ m PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

ZP G]5}ZS 5|F6LDF\ S[JL tJRF äFZF `J;G SFI" YFI K[ m PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

#P ;\bIF VG[ lJlEgGTFGL ¹lQ8V[ ;F{YL DM8M ;D]NFI SIM K[ m PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

$P ;\lW5FN 5|F6LVMGF p5F\UM S[JF CMI K[ m PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

5P JÄKL V[ SIF ;D]NFIG\] 5|F6L K[ m PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

:JFwIFIv!&:JFwIFIv!&:JFwIFIv!&:JFwIFIv!&:JFwIFIv!&

5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv! VCÄ lJWFGGL ;FD[ VF5[,F\ BFGFDF\ cVCÄ lJWFGGL ;FD[ VF5[,F\ BFGFDF\ cVCÄ lJWFGGL ;FD[ VF5[,F\ BFGFDF\ cVCÄ lJWFGGL ;FD[ VF5[,F\ BFGFDF\ cVCÄ lJWFGGL ;FD[ VF5[,F\ BFGFDF\ c3c S[ cc S[ cc S[ cc S[ cc S[ c7c GL lGXFGL SZMPc GL lGXFGL SZMPc GL lGXFGL SZMPc GL lGXFGL SZMPc GL lGXFGL SZMP

!P H[ 5|F6LVMGF XZLZ SMD/ CMI T[G[ D'N]SFI SC[ K[P

ZP X}/tJRL 5|F6LVMGF XZLZ OZT[ 5|FJFZ GFDG\] 50 CMI K[P

#P UMS/UFI V[ D'N]SFI ;D]NFIG\] 5|F6L K[P

$P X}/tJRL ;D]NFIGF 5|F6LVM ;D]ãJF;L CMI K[P

5P D'N]SFI 5|F6LVMDF\ GF,L5UM WZFJT\] H,JCG T\+ CMI K[P

Page 258: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

251 251 251 251 251

:JFwIFIv!*:JFwIFIv!*:JFwIFIv!*:JFwIFIv!*:JFwIFIv!*

5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv! GLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF 8} \SDF\ HJFA VF5MP

!P D[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVM SIF\ J;JF8 SZTF\ CMI K[ m

ZP D[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVMGF\ `J;G DF8[ SIF\ V\UM CMI K[ m

#P VD[Z]N\0L VG[ D[Z]N\0L JrR[GF TOFJTGM V[S D]¡M ,BMP

:JFwIFIv!(:JFwIFIv!(:JFwIFIv!(:JFwIFIv!(:JFwIFIv!(

5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv! GLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[, BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[, BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[, BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[, BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMPGLR[GF lJWFGMDF\ ZC[, BF,L HuIF IMuI XaN J0[ 5}ZMP

!P 5|D[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVM PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP DF\ J;JF8 SZ[ K[P

ZP 5|D[Z]N\0L 5|F6LDF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP VFÒJG CMI K[P

#P 5'Q9J\XL 5|F6LG[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP TZLS[ 56 VM/BFI K[P

$P V[ldOVMS;; V[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP G\] pNFCZ6 K[P

5P 5'Q9J\XLDF\ SFl:Y VG[ Vl:YG\] AG[,\] PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP CMI K[P

:JFwIFIv!):JFwIFIv!):JFwIFIv!):JFwIFIv!):JFwIFIv!)

5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv! VCÄ lJWFGGL ;FD[ VF5[,F\ BFGFDF\ cVCÄ lJWFGGL ;FD[ VF5[,F\ BFGFDF\ cVCÄ lJWFGGL ;FD[ VF5[,F\ BFGFDF\ cVCÄ lJWFGGL ;FD[ VF5[,F\ BFGFDF\ cVCÄ lJWFGGL ;FD[ VF5[,F\ BFGFDF\ c3c S[ cc S[ cc S[ cc S[ cc S[ c7c GL lGXFGL SZMPc GL lGXFGL SZMPc GL lGXFGL SZMPc GL lGXFGL SZMPc GL lGXFGL SZMP

!P R}QFD]BF 5|F6LVM ;D]ãJF;L CMI K[P

ZP R}QFD]BF 5|F6LVMDF\ V\ToS\SF, Vl:YG\] CMI K[P

#P CG]WFZLGF +6 5|JU" 50[ K[P

$P H,H 5|F6LVM DFK,L TZLS[ VM/BFI K[P

5P Dt:IG\] XZLZ EÄU0F\YL VFJlZT CMI K[P

&P XFS" V[ Vl:YDt:IG\] pNFCZ6 K[P

*P Vl:YDt:IDF\ 5]rK DLG51F ;DFG CMI K[P

:JFwIFIvZ_:JFwIFIvZ_:JFwIFIvZ_:JFwIFIvZ_:JFwIFIvZ_

5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv! GLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA DF+ V[S XaN S[ XaN ;D}CDF\ VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA DF+ V[S XaN S[ XaN ;D}CDF\ VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA DF+ V[S XaN S[ XaN ;D}CDF\ VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA DF+ V[S XaN S[ XaN ;D}CDF\ VF5MPGLR[GF 5|`GMGF HJFA DF+ V[S XaN S[ XaN ;D}CDF\ VF5MP

!P RT]Q5FN 5|F6LGF NZ[S p5F\UDF\ S[8,L VF\U/LVM CMI K[ m PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

ZP RT]Q5FN 5|F6LVMG\] S\SF, T\+ XFG\] AG[,\] CMI K[ m PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

#P éEIÒJL 5|F6LVMDF\ ìNI S[8,F B\0G\] CMI K[ m PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

$P 5[8[ ;ZSLG[ RF,TF 5|F6LVMG[ X\] SC[ K[ m PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

5P SFRAM V[ SIF\ JU"G\] 5|F6L K[ m PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

&P lJCUGF XZLZ 5Z XFG\] VFJZ6 CMI K[ m PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

*P 5'yJL 5Z ;F{YL 5|EFJL VG[ ;O/ 5|F6LVM SIF\ K[ m PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

(P JC[, V[ SIF JU"G\] 5|F6L K[ m PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

Page 259: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

252 252 252 252 252

zLDTL H[P H[P S\]0l,IF U|[HI]V[8 8LR;" SM,[H

s;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8Lf

ZFHSM8

DFU"NX"SDFU"NX"SDFU"NX"SDFU"NX"SDFU"NX"S0F¶P S[P JLP ZF9M0

B.Sc., M.Ed., Ph.D.

Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|DSd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|DSd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|DSd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|DSd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D

VwIF5G DFU"NlX"SFVwIF5G DFU"NlX"SFVwIF5G DFU"NlX"SFVwIF5G DFU"NlX"SFVwIF5G DFU"NlX"SF

lJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH

WMZ6 v )WMZ6 v )WMZ6 v )WMZ6 v )WMZ6 v ) V[SD oV[SD oV[SD oV[SD oV[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVM5|F6L5[XLVM5|F6L5[XLVM5|F6L5[XLVM5|F6L5[XLVMJG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ6

5|IMHS5|IMHS5|IMHS5|IMHS5|IMHSZ1FF V[RP p5FwIFI

M.Sc., M.Ed.

5lZlXQ8v&5lZlXQ8v&5lZlXQ8v&5lZlXQ8v&5lZlXQ8v&

Page 260: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

253 253 253 253 253

!P!P!P!P!P 5|:TFJGF5|:TFJGF5|:TFJGF5|:TFJGF5|:TFJGF

5|:T]T Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D U]HZFTL DFwIDDF\ WMZ6v) GF lJ7FG VG[

8[SGM,lH lJQFIGF cc5|F6L5[XLVMcc4 JG:5lT JUL"SZ6 VG[ cc5|F6L JUL"SZ6cc V[SDMGF VwIF5G

DF8[ T{IFZ SZJFDF\ VFjIM K[P VF SFI"S|DGF V;ZSFZS p5IMU DF8[ cVwIF5G DFU"NlX"SFc T{IFZ

SZJFDF\ VFJL K[P 5|:T]T SFI"S|DGF p5IMU 5C[,F\ VF DFU"NlX"SF lX1FS[ AZFAZ JF\RL VG[ ;DÒ

,[JL VG[ 5KL VG];ZJFYL SFI"S|D JW] O/NFIL GLJ0X[P

ZPZPZPZPZP Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|DGM C[T]Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|DGM C[T]Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|DGM C[T]Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|DGM C[T]Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|DGM C[T]

Sd%I}8Z 8[SGM,lHGF p5IMU äFZF WMZ6v) GF U]HZFTL DFwIDGF lJnFYL"VMG[ lJ7FG VG[

8[SGM,lH lJQFIGF cc5|F6L5[XLVMcc4 JG:5lT JUL"SZ6 VG[ cc5|F6L JUL"SZ6cc V[SDMG\] VwIF5G

SZFJJ\]P

#P#P#P#P#P Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG DF8[ H~ZL ;FWG ;FDU|LSd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG DF8[ H~ZL ;FWG ;FDU|LSd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG DF8[ H~ZL ;FWG ;FDU|LSd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG DF8[ H~ZL ;FWG ;FDU|LSd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG DF8[ H~ZL ;FWG ;FDU|L

Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5GSFI" SZTF\ 5C[,F\ VF D]HAGL ;FWGv;FDU|L

T{IFZ SZJLP

!P D<8LlD0LIF Sd%I}8Z ;L:8D

ZP D<8LlD0LIF 5|MH[S8Z

#P 5|MH[S8Z DF8[GM 50NM

$P H~ZL .,[S8=LS, HM0F64 V[S;8[GXG AM0"

5PP cc5|F6L5[XLVMcc4 ccJG:5lT JUL"SZ6cc VG[ cc5|F6LJUL"SZ6cc GL CD-ROM

&P 5}ZTL ;\bIFDF\ :JFwIFI 5+SM

*P 5}ZTL ;\bIFDF\ V[SD l;lâ S;M8L

(P V[SD l;lâ S;M8LGL U]6F\SG RFJL

$P$P$P$P$P jIJ:YF5G s:Y/ 5;\NUL4 A[9S jIJ:YF4 ;FWGMGL UM9J6LfjIJ:YF5G s:Y/ 5;\NUL4 A[9S jIJ:YF4 ;FWGMGL UM9J6LfjIJ:YF5G s:Y/ 5;\NUL4 A[9S jIJ:YF4 ;FWGMGL UM9J6LfjIJ:YF5G s:Y/ 5;\NUL4 A[9S jIJ:YF4 ;FWGMGL UM9J6LfjIJ:YF5G s:Y/ 5;\NUL4 A[9S jIJ:YF4 ;FWGMGL UM9J6Lf

VwIF5G A[ 5|SFZ[ Y. XS[ o s!f ;FDFgI DMGL8Z äFZF VG[ sZf D<8LlD0LIF 5|MH[S8Z äFZF

50NF 5Z DM8\] 5|MH[S8XG SZLG[P

Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D äFZF DMGL8Z äFZF V;ZSFZS VwIF5G DF8[ 5|[1FS

lJnFYL"VMGL ;\bIF Z_ YL Z5 CMJL HM.V[P HIFZ[ 50NF 5Z 5|MH[SXG SZL VwIF5G SZFJTL JBT[

5_ YL &_ lJnFYL"VMG\] H}Y RF,L XS[P

Page 261: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

254 254 254 254 254

5|[1FS lJnFYL"VMGL ;D1F{lTH ¹lQ8Z[BFGL ;F5[1F[ DMGL8Z q 50NM IMuI êRF.V[ UM9JJF\4

H[YL JU"GF TDFD lJnFYL"VM DMGL8Z q 50NF\ 5ZGF\ ¹xIM VFZFDYL HM. XS[P VF DF8[ lJnFYL"VMGL

A[9S jIJ:YF VFNX" ZLT[ GLR[GL VFS'lTVMDF\ NXF"jIF 5|DF6[GL ZFBJLP

8LPJLP HMJFDF8[ p¿D 1F[+

← 5 O}8

VFS'lT v ! VFS'lT v ZVFS'lT v !

DMGL8Z q 50NM DMGL8Z q 50NM

← lJnFYL"VM

DMGL8Z q 50NM HMJF DF8[GF p¿D 1F[+DF\ H lJnFYL"VMG[ A[;F0JF TYF V[S lJnFYL"GL 5FK/

ALHF lJnFYL"G[ A[;F0JF SZTF\ VFU/GL ,F.GGF A[ lJnFYL"GL JrR[YL HM. XSFI T[D ALÒ ,F.GGF

lJnFYL"VMG[ A[;F0JFP lJnFYL"VMG[ T[GL ëRF. 5|DF6[ A[;F0JFP lJnFYL"VMGL A[ ,F.G JrR[ IMuI

HuIF ZFBJLP T[DH 3M\3F8 VG[ ,MSMGL VJZvHJZYL D]ST CMI T[JM VMZ0M 5;\N SZJMP SFI"S|DGM

p5IMU SZTF\ 5C[,F\ lX1FS[ ;\5}6" SFI"S|D V[S JBT HM. ,[JM HM.V[P

5P5P5P5P5P Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D V\U[ VlED]BTFSd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D V\U[ VlED]BTFSd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D V\U[ VlED]BTFSd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D V\U[ VlED]BTFSd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D V\U[ VlED]BTF

Sd%I}8Z äFZF VwIF5G SFI" DF8[ lJnFYL"VMG[ 5|[lZT SZJFP SFI"S|D XFGM K[ m SFI"S|DDF\ X\] X\]4

XL ZLT[ ZH} YX[P lJnFYL"VMV[ SIFZ[ SIFZ[4 X\]4 X\] SZJFG\] K[P VF DGMZ\H SFI"S|D GYLP X{1Fl6S

SFI"S|D K[P H[GF äFZF VeIF; SZJFGM K[P H[GL GFGLvGFGL lJUTMYL lJnFYL"VMG[ DFlCTUFZ SZJFP

&P&P&P&P&P Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5|lS|IFGM VD,Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5|lS|IFGM VD,Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5|lS|IFGM VD,Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5|lS|IFGM VD,Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G 5|lS|IFGM VD,

5|:T]T SFI"S|DDF\ WMZ6v) GF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,lH lJQFIGF cc5|F6L5[XLVMcc4 ccJG:5lT

JUL"SZ6cc VG[ cc5|F6LJUL"SZ6cc V[SDMGL VwIF5G 1FDTFGF lJSF; DF8[G\] lJQFIJ:T] ;DFlJQ8 K[P

VF SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G SZFJJF DF8[ ;FDFgI ZLT[ Z_ lNJ;GL H~Z 50[ K[P SFI"GF VFIMHGGL

~5Z[BF VF D]HA K[P

Page 262: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

2

55

2

55

2

55

2

55

2

55

Sd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G SFI"GF VFIMHGGL ~5Z[BFSd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G SFI"GF VFIMHGGL ~5Z[BFSd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G SFI"GF VFIMHGGL ~5Z[BFSd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G SFI"GF VFIMHGGL ~5Z[BFSd%I}8Z V[.0[0 .g:8=SXG SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G SFI"GF VFIMHGGL ~5Z[BF

S |DS |DS |DS |DS |D lNJ;lNJ;lNJ;lNJ;lNJ; lJUTlJUTlJUTlJUTlJUT ;DI;DI;DI;DI;DI

! t 5|:TFJGFv lJnFYL"VMG[ SFI"S|DGM 5lZRI VF5L

SFI"S|D äFZF VwIF5G V\U[ VlED]BSZJFP

t SFI"S|DGM VD,v CAI SFI"S|DDF\ ;DFlJQ8 5|SZ6 o !*

s5|F6L5[XLVMf GF lJEFU oG\] VwIF5G SZFJJ\]P VG[ VF lJEFUGM:JFwIFI VF5JMP

t ;FZF\Xv lJQFIG\] VwIF5G SZFjIF AFN lX1FS[

AWFG\] OZL V[S ;FY[ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"Gs;\S,Gf SZL ;DHFJJ\]P

$5 lDlG8V[S TF;

5|YD

Z 5|YD lNJ;[ ZH} SZ[,F lJQFIJ:T]G\] lX1FSäFZF 8}\SDF\ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"G SZL GJFlJQFIJ:T] ;FY[GF HM0F6GL E}lDSF SZJLP

$5 lDlG8V[S TF;

ALHM CAI SFI"S|D DF\ ;DFlJQ8 lJEFU oG\] VwIF5G SZFJJ\] VG[ VF lJEFUGM:JFwIFI VF5JMP

t ;FZF\Xv lJQFIG\] VwIF5G SZFjIF AFN lX1FS[

AWFG\] OZL V[S ;FY[ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"Gs;\S,Gf SZL ;DHFJJ\]P

# ALHF lNJ;[ ZH} SZ[,F lJQFIJ:T]G\] lX1FSäFZF 8}\SDF\ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"G SZL GJFlJQFIJ:T] ;FY[GF HM0F6GL E}lDSF SZJLP

$5 lDlG8V[S TF;

+LHM CAI SFI"S|D DF\ ;DFlJQ8 lJEFU oG\] VwIF5G SZFJJ\] VG[ VF lJEFUGM:JFwIFI VF5JMP

t ;FZF\Xv lJQFIG\] VwIF5G SZFjIF AFN lX1FS[

AWFG\] OZL V[S ;FY[ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"Gs;\S,Gf SZL ;DHFJJ\]P

$ +LHF lNJ;[ ZH} SZ[,F lJQFIJ:T]G\] lX1FSäFZF 8}\SDF\ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"G SZL GJFlJQFIJ:T] ;FY[GF HM0F6GL E}lDSF SZJLP

$5 lDlG8V[S TF;

RMYM CAI SFI"S|D DF\ ;DFlJQ8 lJEFU oG\] VwIF5G SZFJJ\] VG[ VF lJEFUGM:JFwIFI VF5JMP

t ;FZF\Xv lJQFIG\] VwIF5G SZFjIF AFN lX1FS[

AWFG\] OZL V[S ;FY[ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"Gs;\S,Gf SZL ;DHFJJ\]P

5 RMYF lNJ;[ ZH} SZ[,F lJQFIJ:T]G\] lX1FSäFZF 8}\SDF\ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"G SZL GJFlJQFIJ:T] ;FY[GF HM0F6GL E}lDSF SZJLP

$5 lDlG8V[S TF;

5F\RDM CAI SFI"S|D DF\ ;DFlJQ8 lJEFU oG\] VwIF5G SZFJJ\] VG[ VF lJEFUGM:JFwIFI VF5JMP

t ;FZF\Xv lJQFIG\] VwIF5G SZFjIF AFN lX1FS[

AWFG\] OZL V[S ;FY[ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"Gs;\S,Gf SZL ;DHFJJ\]P

~5Z[BF RF,]PPPPP

Page 263: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

2

56

2

56

2

56

2

56

2

56

S|DS |DS |DS |DS |D lNJ;lNJ;lNJ;lNJ;lNJ; lJUTlJUTlJUTlJUTlJUT ;DI;DI;DI;DI;DI

& 5F\RDF lNJ;[ ZH} SZ[,F lJQFIJ:T]G\] lX1FSäFZF 8}\SDF\ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"G SZL GJFlJQFIJ:T] ;FY[GF HM0F6GL E}lDSF SZJLP

CAI SFI"S|D DF\ ;DFlJQ8 lJEFU oG\] VwIF5G SZFJJ\] VG[ VF lJEFUGM:JFwIFI VF5JMP

t ;FZF\Xv lJQFIG\] VwIF5G SZFjIF AFN lX1FS[

AWFG\] OZL V[S ;FY[ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"Gs;\S,Gf SZL ;DHFJJ\]P

$5 lDlG8V[S TF;

KõM

~5Z[BF RF,]PPPPP

~5Z[BF RF,]PPPPP

* KõF lNJ;[ ZH} SZ[,F lJQFIJ:T]G\] lX1FSäFZF 8}\SDF\ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"G SZL GJFlJQFIJ:T] ;FY[GF HM0F6GL E}lDSF SZJLP

CAI SFI"S|D DF\ ;DFlJQ8 lJEFU oG\] VwIF5G SZFJJ\] VG[ VF lJEFUGM:JFwIFI VF5JMP

t ;FZF\Xv lJQFIG\] VwIF5G SZFjIF AFN lX1FS[

AWFG\] OZL V[S ;FY[ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"Gs;\S,Gf SZL ;DHFJJ\]P

$5 lDlG8V[S TF;

;FTDM

( ;FTDF lNJ;[ ZH} SZ[,F lJQFIJ:T]G\] lX1FSäFZF 8}\SDF\ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"G SZL GJFlJQFIJ:T] ;FY[GF HM0F6GL E}lDSF SZJLP

CAI SFI"S|D DF\ ;DFlJQ8 lJEFU oG\] VwIF5G SZFJJ\] VG[ VF lJEFUGM:JFwIFI VF5JMP

t ;FZF\Xv lJQFIG\] VwIF5G SZFjIF AFN lX1FS[

AWFG\] OZL V[S ;FY[ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"Gs;\S,Gf SZL ;DHFJJ\]P

$5 lDlG8V[S TF;

VF9DM

) VF9DF lNJ;[ ZH} SZ[,F lJQFIJ:T]G\] lX1FSäFZF 8}\SDF\ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"G SZL GJFlJQFIJ:T] ;FY[GF HM0F6GL E}lDSF SZJLP

CAI SFI"S|D DF\ ;DFlJQ8 lJEFU oG\] VwIF5G SZFJJ\] VG[ VF lJEFUGM:JFwIFI VF5JMP

t ;FZF\Xv lJQFIG\] VwIF5G SZFjIF AFN lX1FS[

AWFG\] OZL V[S ;FY[ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"Gs;\S,Gf SZL ;DHFJJ\]P

$5 lDlG8V[S TF;

GJDM

!_ GJDF lNJ;[ ZH} SZ[,F lJQFIJ:T]G\] lX1FSäFZF 8}\SDF\ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"G SZL GJFlJQFIJ:T] ;FY[GF HM0F6GL E}lDSF SZJLP

CAI SFI"S|D DF\ ;DFlJQ8 lJEFU oG\] VwIF5G SZFJJ\] VG[ VF lJEFUGM:JFwIFI VF5JMP

t ;FZF\Xv lJQFIG\] VwIF5G SZFjIF AFN lX1FS[

AWFG\] OZL V[S ;FY[ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"Gs;\S,Gf SZL ;DHFJJ\]P

$5 lDlG8V[S TF;

N;DM

Page 264: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

2

57

2

57

2

57

2

57

2

57

S|DS |DS |DS |DS |D lNJ;lNJ;lNJ;lNJ;lNJ; lJUTlJUTlJUTlJUTlJUT ;DI;DI;DI;DI;DI

!! N;DF lNJ;[ ZH} SZ[,F lJQFIJ:T]G\] lX1FSäFZF 8}\SDF\ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"G SZL GJFlJQFIJ:T] ;FY[GF HM0F6GL E}lDSF SZJLP

CAI SFI"S|D DF\ ;DFlJQ8 lJEFU oG\] VwIF5G SZFJJ\] VG[ VF lJEFUGM:JFwIFI VF5JMP

t ;FZF\Xv lJQFIG\] VwIF5G SZFjIF AFN lX1FS[

AWFG\] OZL V[S ;FY[ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"Gs;\S,Gf SZL ;DHFJJ\]P

$5 lDlG8V[S TF;

VlUIFZDM

~5Z[BF RF,]PPPPP

~5Z[BF RF,]PPPPP

!Z VlUIFZDF lNJ;[ ZH} SZ[,F lJQFIJ:T]G\]lX1FS äFZF 8}\SDF\ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"G SZLGJF lJQFIJ:T] ;FY[GF HM0F6GL E}lDSFSZJLP

CAI SFI"S|D DF\ ;DFlJQ8 lJEFU oG\] VwIF5G SZFJJ\] VG[ VF lJEFUGM:JFwIFI VF5JMP

t ;FZF\Xv lJQFIG\] VwIF5G SZFjIF AFN lX1FS[

AWFG\] OZL V[S ;FY[ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"Gs;\S,Gf SZL ;DHFJJ\]P

$5 lDlG8V[S TF;

AFZDM

!# AFZDF lNJ;[ ZH} SZ[,F lJQFIJ:T]G\] lX1FSäFZF 8}\SDF\ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"G SZL GJFlJQFIJ:T] ;FY[GF HM0F6GL E}lDSF SZJLP

CAI SFI"S|D DF\ ;DFlJQ8 lJEFU oG\] VwIF5G SZFJJ\] VG[ VF lJEFUGM:JFwIFI VF5JMP

t ;FZF\Xv lJQFIG\] VwIF5G SZFjIF AFN lX1FS[

AWFG\] OZL V[S ;FY[ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"Gs;\S,Gf SZL ;DHFJJ\]P

$5 lDlG8V[S TF;

T[ZDM

!# T[ZDF lNJ;[ ZH} SZ[,F lJQFIJ:T]G\] lX1FSäFZF 8}\SDF\ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"G SZL GJFlJQFIJ:T] ;FY[GF HM0F6GL E}lDSF SZJLP

CAI SFI"S|D DF\ ;DFlJQ8 lJEFU oG\] VwIF5G SZFJJ\] VG[ VF lJEFUGM:JFwIFI VF5JMP

t ;FZF\Xv lJQFIG\] VwIF5G SZFjIF AFN lX1FS[

AWFG\] OZL V[S ;FY[ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"Gs;\S,Gf SZL ;DHFJJ\]P

$5 lDlG8V[S TF;

RF{NDM

!5 RF{NDF lNJ;[ ZH} SZ[,F lJQFIJ:T]G\] lX1FSäFZF 8}\SDF\ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"G SZL GJFlJQFIJ:T] ;FY[GF HM0F6GL E}lDSF SZJLP

CAI SFI"S|D DF\ ;DFlJQ8 lJEFU oG\] VwIF5G SZFJJ\] VG[ VF lJEFUGM:JFwIFI VF5JMP

t ;FZF\Xv lJQFIG\] VwIF5G SZFjIF AFN lX1FS[

AWFG\] OZL V[S ;FY[ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"Gs;\S,Gf SZL ;DHFJJ\]P

$5 lDlG8V[S TF;

5\NZDM

Page 265: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

2

58

2

58

2

58

2

58

2

58

S|DS |DS |DS |DS |D lNJ;lNJ;lNJ;lNJ;lNJ; lJUTlJUTlJUTlJUTlJUT ;DI;DI;DI;DI;DI

!& 5\NZDF lNJ;[ ZH} SZ[,F lJQFIJ:T]G\] lX1FSäFZF 8}\SDF\ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"G SZL GJFlJQFIJ:T] ;FY[GF HM0F6GL E}lDSF SZJLP

CAI SFI"S|D DF\ ;DFlJQ8 lJEFU oG\] VwIF5G SZFJJ\] VG[ VF lJEFUGM:JFwIFI VF5JMP

t ;FZF\Xv lJQFIG\] VwIF5G SZFjIF AFN lX1FS[

AWFG\] OZL V[S ;FY[ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"Gs;\S,Gf SZL ;DHFJJ\]P

$5 lDlG8V[S TF;

;M/DM

~5Z[BF RF,]PPPPP

!* ;M/DF lNJ;[ ZH} SZ[,F lJQFIJ:T]G\] lX1FSäFZF 8}\SDF\ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"G SZL GJFlJQFIJ:T] ;FY[GF HM0F6GL E}lDSF SZJLP

CAI SFI"S|D DF\ ;DFlJQ8 lJEFU oG\] VwIF5G SZFJJ\] VG[ VF lJEFUGM:JFwIFI VF5JMP

t ;FZF\Xv lJQFIG\] VwIF5G SZFjIF AFN lX1FS[

AWFG\] OZL V[S ;FY[ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"Gs;\S,Gf SZL ;DHFJJ\]P

$5 lDlG8V[S TF;

;TZDM

!( ;TZDF lNJ;[ ZH} SZ[,F lJQFIJ:T]G\] lX1FSäFZF 8}\SDF\ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"G SZL GJFlJQFIJ:T] ;FY[GF HM0F6GL E}lDSF SZJLP

CAI SFI"S|D DF\ ;DFlJQ8 lJEFU oG\] VwIF5G SZFJJ\] VG[ VF lJEFUGM:JFwIFI VF5JMP

t ;FZF\Xv lJQFIG\] VwIF5G SZFjIF AFN lX1FS[

AWFG\] OZL V[S ;FY[ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"Gs;\S,Gf SZL ;DHFJJ\]P

$5 lDlG8V[S TF;

V-FZDM

!) V-FZDF lNJ;[ ZH} SZ[,F lJQFIJ:T]G\]lX1FS äFZF 8}\SDF\ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"G SZLGJF lJQFIJ:T] ;FY[GF HM0F6GL E}lDSFSZJLP

CAI SFI"S|D DF\ ;DFlJQ8 lJEFU oG\] VwIF5G SZFJJ\] VG[ VF lJEFUGM:JFwIFI VF5JMP

t ;FZF\Xv lJQFIG\] VwIF5G SZFjIF AFN lX1FS[

AWFG\] OZL V[S ;FY[ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"Gs;\S,Gf SZL ;DHFJJ\]P

$5 lDlG8V[S TF;

VMU6L;DM

Z_ VMU6L;DF lNJ;[ ZH} SZ[,F lJQFIJ:T]G\]lX1FS äFZF 8}\SDF\ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"G SZLGJF lJQFIJ:T] ;FY[GF HM0F6GL E}lDSFSZJLP

CAI SFI"S|D DF\ ;DFlJQ8 lJEFU oG\] VwIF5G SZFJJ\] VG[ VF lJEFUGM:JFwIFI VF5JMP

t ;FZF\Xv lJQFIG\] VwIF5G SZFjIF AFN lX1FS[

AWFG\] OZL V[S ;FY[ DF{lBS 5]GZFJT"Gs;\S,Gf SZL ;DHFJJ\]P

$5 lDlG8V[S TF;

JL;DM

Z! lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8L DF8[GLH~ZL ;}RGFVMP

5;\lNT V[SDMG\] CAI SFI"S|D äFZFVwIF5G SFI" 5}6" YIF AFN T[GL lJ7FG\VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8L ,[JLP VF DF8[D]lãT ,[lBT l;lâ S;M8LGM p5IMU SZJMP

v $5 lDlG8V[S TF;

V[SJL;DM

Page 266: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

259 259 259 259 259

5lZlXQ8v*5lZlXQ8v*5lZlXQ8v*5lZlXQ8v*5lZlXQ8v*H}Y VwIF5G ;FlCtIH}Y VwIF5G ;FlCtIH}Y VwIF5G ;FlCtIH}Y VwIF5G ;FlCtIH}Y VwIF5G ;FlCtI

WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o )WMZ6 o ) lJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHlJQFI o lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH V[SD oV[SD oV[SD oV[SD oV[SD o 5|F6L5[XLVM5|F6L5[XLVM5|F6L5[XLVM5|F6L5[XLVM5|F6L5[XLVM

JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6

5|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ6

DFU"NX"SDFU"NX"SDFU"NX"SDFU"NX"SDFU"NX"S0F¶P S[PJLP ZF9M00F¶P S[PJLP ZF9M00F¶P S[PJLP ZF9M00F¶P S[PJLP ZF9M00F¶P S[PJLP ZF9M0

5|IMHS5|IMHS5|IMHS5|IMHS5|IMHSZ1FF V[RP p5FwIFIZ1FF V[RP p5FwIFIZ1FF V[RP p5FwIFIZ1FF V[RP p5FwIFIZ1FF V[RP p5FwIFI

zLDTL H[P H[P S\]0l,IF U|[HI]V[8 8LR;" SM,[H4 s;F{ZFQ8= I]lGJl;"8Lf4 ZFHSM8

l5|I lJnFYL" lD+4

TD[ VtIFZ ;]WL H]NLvH]NL 5âlTVM äFZF VwIF5G SIÅ] K[P T[DF\ TD[ H]NLvH]NL HFTGF\ X{1Fl6S

;FlCtIGM p5IMU YTM HMIM K[P VCÄ TDFZ[ H}Y VwIF5G s8LD 8LlR\Uf äFZF lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH

lJQFIGF 5;\lNT V[SDMGM V,U V,U lX1FSM äFZF VeIF; SZJFGM ZC[X[P T[ DF8[ TDFZ[ H}YDF\

lJlJW 5|J'l¿VM 56 SZJFGL K[ T[ VF56[ ;DÒ ,.V[P

!P WMZ6 ) DF\ lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH lJQFIDF\ TDFZ[ E6JFGF YTF\ AWF V[SDMDF\YL S], +6

V[SDMGL 5;\NUL SZJFDF\ VFJ[,L K[P VF NZ[S V[SDGM VeIF; SZJF DF8[ S], Z# lNJ;

DF8[G\] ;DI5+S T{IFZ SZJFDF\ VFJ[, K[P TDFZ[ NZZMH V,UvV,U +6 lX1FSM 5F;[

5;\lNT V[SDMGM VeIF; SZJFGM K[P NZ[S GJF TF;DF\ TDG[ lJlJW 5|J'l¿VM ;M\5JFDF\ VFJX[P

ZP NZ[S D]¡F 5Z RRF" SZJFGL CM. lX1FS ;DH}TL VF5L T[GF VFWFZ[ 5|̀ GM 5}KX[ VG[ TDFZ[ p¿Z

VF5JFGF\ K[P

#P NZ[S 5|J'l¿DF\ XF\lTYL ;CSFZ VF5JFGM K[P NZ[S 5|J'l¿ AZFAZ ;DHFI HFI tIFZ AFN H

VFU/ JWJFG\] K[P

$P H[ H[ 5|J'l¿ NZdIFG D]xS[,L 50[ T[ V\U[GL RRF" lX1FS HM0[ SZL OZLYL VwIIG SZMP

H}Y VwIF5G NZdIFG GLR[GL XZTMG[ wIFGDF\ ZFBL VwIIGvVwIF5G SFI" SZJFG\] CMI K[P

XZTv! 5;\lNT lJQFIJ:T]G\] 5'YÞZ6

XZTvZ JU"DF\ 8LD 8LlR\U NZdIFGGL 5|J'l¿VM

XZTv# jIlSTUT VeIF; SFI"

XZTv$ 8LD 8LlR\U AFN VG]SFI"

XZTv5 ¹xIvzFjI ;FWGMGM p5IMU

p5ZMST XZTMG[ VFWFZ[ H}Y VwIF5G SFI"S|DG\] VFIMHG VF D]HA SZ[, CT\]P

Page 267: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

2

60

2

60

2

60

2

60

2

60

H}Y VwIF5G VFIMHGH}Y VwIF5G VFIMHGH}Y VwIF5G VFIMHGH}Y VwIF5G VFIMHGH}Y VwIF5G VFIMHG

TF;TF;TF;TF;TF;S|DS|DS|DS|DS|D

XZTv! D]HAXZTv! D]HAXZTv! D]HAXZTv! D]HAXZTv! D]HASZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"

XZTvZ D]HAXZTvZ D]HAXZTvZ D]HAXZTvZ D]HAXZTvZ D]HASZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"

XZTv# D]HAXZTv# D]HAXZTv# D]HAXZTv# D]HAXZTv# D]HASZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"

XZTv$ D]HAXZTv$ D]HAXZTv$ D]HAXZTv$ D]HAXZTv$ D]HASZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"

XZTv5 D]HAXZTv5 D]HAXZTv5 D]HAXZTv5 D]HAXZTv5 D]HASZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"

TF;v! v ;\S<5GFVMv 5[XLVMG\] JUL"SZ6

v lJlJW 5[XLVMGF RF8";ATFJJFP

v lJlJW 5[XLVMGF OM8MU|FO;ATFJJFP

v lJnFYL"VMG[ lJlJW5[XLVMGF OM8MU|FO;jIlSTUT HMJF VF5JFP

v lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHl;lâ S;M8L äFZFD}<IF\SG SFI"

v X{1Fl6S ;FWG TZLS[lJlJW 5[XLVMGF RF8";vOM8MU|FO;GM p5IMUYIM CTMP

TF;vZ v lJlJW 5[XLVMGF ,1F6MVG[ :YFG

v lJlJW 5[XLVMGF\ :YFGGLlJUT NXF"JTM RF8" ZH}SZJMP

v lJnFYL"VMG[ 5[XLVMGF:YFGGL jIlSTUT DFlCTLVF5JLP

v lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHl;lâ S;M8L äFZFD}<IF\SG SFI"

v X{1Fl6S ;FWG TZLS[lJlJW 5[XLVMGF :YFGGLlJUT NXF"JTF RF8"GMp5IMU YIM CTMP

TF;v# v :T'T VlWrKNGL ;DH}TLv VlWrKN 5[XLGF SFIM"

v :T'T VlWrKNGL ZRGFGMRF8" ATFJL H}Y RRF" SZJLP

v lJnFYL"VMG[ H}Y RRF" äFZF;lS|I ZFBJFP

v lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHl;lâ S;M8L äFZFD}<IF\SG SFI"

v X{1Fl6S ;FWG TZLS[:T'T VlWrKNGF RF8"GMp5IMU YIM CTMP

TF;v$ v ;\IMHS 5[XL VG[ T[GF5|SFZM

v lJlJW ;\IMHS 5[XLGFOM8MU|FO; ATFJJFP

v lJnFYL"VMG[ H}YDF\ JC[\RL;\IMHS 5[XLGF 5|SFZM 5ZSFI" VF5J\]P

v lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHl;lâ S;M8L äFZFD}<IF\SG SFI"

v X{1Fl6S ;FWG TZLS[;\IMHG 5[XLGF OM8MU|FOGMp5IMU YIM CTMP

H}Y VwIF5GG\] VFIMHG RF,]PPPPP

TF;v5 v Z[lBT :GFI]v VZ[lBT :GFI]v ìN :GFI]

v Z[lBT :GFI]4 VZ[lBT :GFI]VG[ ìN :GFI]GF RF8"; ZH}SZJFP

v lJnFYL"VMG[ lJlJW RF8";jIlSTUT ATFJJFP

v lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHl;lâ S;M8L äFZFD}<IF\SG SFI"

v X{1Fl6S ;FWG TZLS[lJlJW :GFI]VMGF RF8";GMp5IMU YIM CTMP

TF;v& v JUL"SZ6 VG[ T[G\] DCÀJv GFDSZ6

v JUL"SZ6GM RF8" ATFJLRRF" SZJLP

v GFDSZ6GL ;DH}TLVF5JLP

v lJnFYL"VMG[ JUL"SZ6 5ZYTL RRF"DF\ EFULNFZAGFJJFP

v GFDSZ6 5Z RRF" SZJLP

v lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHl;lâ S;M8L äFZFD}<IF\SG SFI"

v X{1Fl6S ;FWG TZLS[JUL"SZ6GF RF8";GMp5IMU YIM CTMP

Page 268: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

2

61

2

61

2

61

2

61

2

61

TF;TF;TF;TF;TF;S|DS|DS|DS|DS|D

XZTv! D]HAXZTv! D]HAXZTv! D]HAXZTv! D]HAXZTv! D]HASZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"

XZTvZ D]HAXZTvZ D]HAXZTvZ D]HAXZTvZ D]HAXZTvZ D]HASZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"

XZTv# D]HAXZTv# D]HAXZTv# D]HAXZTv# D]HAXZTv# D]HASZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"

XZTv$ D]HAXZTv$ D]HAXZTv$ D]HAXZTv$ D]HAXZTv$ D]HASZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"

XZTv5 D]HAXZTv5 D]HAXZTv5 D]HAXZTv5 D]HAXZTv5 D]HASZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"

TF;v* v lJEFU o V[SF\UL v lJEFU o V[SF\ULGF ,1F6MVG[ pNFCZ6MGL IFNLAGFJJLP

v lJnFYL"VM 5F;[ lJEFU oV[SF\ULGF pNFCZ6MGLIFNL AGFJJLP

v lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHl;lâ S;M8L äFZFD}<IF\SG SFI"

v

H}Y VwIF5GG\] VFIMHG RF,]PPPPP

H}Y VwIF5GG\] VFIMHG RF,]PPPPP

v ;D]NFI o ,L,v ;D]NFI o O}U

v lJnFYL"VMGF A[ H}YM 5F0JFPA\G[ H}YG[ V,UvV,UGFDM ,L, VG[ O}U VF5JFP

v ,L, VG[ O}UGF OM8MATFJL ,1F6MGL ;DHVF5JLP

v lJnFYL"VMGF A\G[ H}Y JrR[RRF" IMHJLP

v lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHl;lâ S;M8L äFZFD}<IF\SG SFI"

v X{1Fl6S ;FWG TZLS[,L, VG[ O}UGF OM8MU|FO;ATFJJFP

TF;v) v lJEFU o läV\ULv lJEFU o l+V\ULv lJEFU o VGFJ'T ALHWFZL

v lJEFU o läV\UL4 l+V\ULVG[ VGFJ'T ALHWFZLGLRF8" ATFJL ;DH}TL VF5JLP

v lJnFYL"VMG[ läV\UL4l+V\UL VG[ VGFJ'TALHWFZLGF ,1F6M IFNZFBJF H6FJJ\]P

v lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHl;lâ S;M8L äFZFD}<IF\SG SFI"

v X{1Fl6S ;FWG TZLS[läV\UL4 l+V\UL VG[ VGFJ'TALHWFZL JG:5lTGF GD}GFATFJJFP

TF;v!_ v lJEFU o VFJ'T ALHWFZLv JU" o V[SN/L v läN/L

v lJEFU o VFJ'T ALHWFZLVG[ JU" o V[SN/L vläN/LGL RRF" SZJLP

v lJnFYL"VMG[ C\;ZFH VG[DSF.GF GD}GF jIlSTUTATFJJFP

v lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHl;lâ S;M8L äFZFD}<IF\SG SFI"

v X{1Fl6S ;FWG TZLS[C\;ZFH VG[ DSF.GF GD}GFATFJJFP

TF;v!! v ;'lQ8 o 5|M8L:8Fv ;D]NFI o 5|ÒJ

v ;'lQ8 o 5|M8L:8F 5Z RRF"SZJLP

v ;D]NFI o 5|ÒJGF ,1F6M5Z RRF" SZJLP

v lJnFYL"VMG[ 5|ÒJGF GD}GFHMJF VF5JF T[GF VFWFZ[,1F6M H6FJJF SC[J\]P

v lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHl;lâ S;M8L äFZFD}<IF\SG SFI"

v X{1Fl6S ;FWG TZLS[lJlJW GD}GFVMGM p5IMUSZJMP

Page 269: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

2

62

2

62

2

62

2

62

2

62

TF;TF;TF;TF;TF;S|DS|DS|DS|DS|D

XZTv! D]HAXZTv! D]HAXZTv! D]HAXZTv! D]HAXZTv! D]HASZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"

XZTvZ D]HAXZTvZ D]HAXZTvZ D]HAXZTvZ D]HAXZTvZ D]HASZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"

XZTv# D]HAXZTv# D]HAXZTv# D]HAXZTv# D]HAXZTv# D]HASZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"

XZTv$ D]HAXZTv$ D]HAXZTv$ D]HAXZTv$ D]HAXZTv$ D]HASZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"

XZTv5 D]HAXZTv5 D]HAXZTv5 D]HAXZTv5 D]HAXZTv5 D]HASZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"

TF;v!Z v 5|F6L;'lQ8G]\ JUL"SZ6v ;'lQ8 o D[8Fh]VF

v 5|F6L;'lQ8G\] JUL"SZ6;DHFJJ\]P

v ;'lQ8 o D[8Fh]VFGF ,1F6MH6FJJFP

v lJnFYL"VM 5|F6L;'lQ8G\]JUL"SZ6 ZH} SZTM RF8"lGCF/X[P

v lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHl;lâ S;M8L äFZFD}<IF\SG SFI"

v X{1Fl6S ;FWG TZLS[ RF8"GMp5IMU SZJMP

H}Y VwIF5GG\] VFIMHG RF,]PPPPP

H}Y VwIF5GG\] VFIMHG RF,]PPPPP

TF;v!# v ;D]NFI o ;lKãv ;D]NFI o SMQ9F\l+

v ;D]NFI o ;lKãGF ,1F6M;DHFJL GD}GM ATFJJMP

v ;D]NFI o SMQ9F\l+GF ,1F6MH6FJL GD}GF ATFJJFP

v lJnFYL"VM H}Y RRF" äFZF;D]NFI o ;lKã VG[SMQ9F\l+GF ,1F6M IFNZFBJFGM 5|ItG SZX[P

v lJlJW 5|F6LVMGF GD}GFlGCF/X[P

v lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHl;lâ S;M8L äFZFD}<IF\SG SFI"

v X{1Fl6S ;FWG TZLS[ ;lKãVG[ SMQ9F\l+ 5|F6LVMGFGD}GFVM ATFJJFP

TF;v!$ v ;D]NFI o 5'Y]S'lDv ;D]NFI o ;}+S'lD

v ;D]NFI o 5'Y]S'lDGF ,1F6M;DHFJL GD}GF ATFJJFP

v ;D]NFI o ;}+S'lD 5Z RRF"SZL GD}GF ATFJJFP

v lJnFYL"VM 5'Y]S'lD VG[;}+S'lD JrR[GF TOFJT5Z RRF" SZ[ VG[ GD}GFlGCF/X[P

v lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHl;lâ S;M8L äFZFD}<IF\SG SFI"

v X{1Fl6S ;FWG TZLS[5'Y]S'lD VG[ ;}+S'lDGFGD}GFVM ATFJJF

TF;v!5 v ;D]NFI o G]5}ZSv ;D]NFI o ;\lW5FN

v ;D]NFI o G]5}ZSGF ,1F6MH6FJJFP

v ;D]NFI o ;\lW5FNGF ,1F6MH6FJJFP

v lJnFYL"VM G]5}ZS VG[;\lW5FNGF GD}GFVMlGCF/X[P

v lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHl;lâ S;M8L äFZFD}<IF\SG SFI"

v X{1Fl6S ;FWG TZLS[V/l;IF\4 J\NM4 DrKZ4SFGBH}ZMPPP JU[Z[ H[JFGD}GF ATFJJFP

TF;v!& v ;D]NFI o D'N]SFIv ;D]NFI o X}/tJRL

v ;D]NFI o D'N]SFIGF ,1F6MGLRRF" SZJLP

v ;D]NFI o X}/tJRLGF,1F6MGL RRF" SZJLP

v lJnFYL"VM D'N]SFI VG[X}/tJRLGF GD}GFVMlGCF/X[P

v lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHl;lâ S;M8L äFZFD}<IF\SG SFI"

v X{1Fl6S ;FWG TZLS[D'N]SFI VG[ X}/tJRLGFGD}GFVM ATFJJFP

Page 270: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

2

63

2

63

2

63

2

63

2

63

TF;TF;TF;TF;TF;S|DS|DS|DS|DS|D

XZTv! D]HAXZTv! D]HAXZTv! D]HAXZTv! D]HAXZTv! D]HASZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"

XZTvZ D]HAXZTvZ D]HAXZTvZ D]HAXZTvZ D]HAXZTvZ D]HASZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"

XZTv# D]HAXZTv# D]HAXZTv# D]HAXZTv# D]HAXZTv# D]HASZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"

XZTv$ D]HAXZTv$ D]HAXZTv$ D]HAXZTv$ D]HAXZTv$ D]HASZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"

XZTv5 D]HAXZTv5 D]HAXZTv5 D]HAXZTv5 D]HAXZTv5 D]HASZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"SZ[, lX1F6SFI"

TF;v!* v ;D]NFI o D[Z]N\0L4 5|D[Z]N\0L45'Q9J\XL

v ;D]NFI o D[Z]N\0L lJX[ RRF"SZJLP

v 5'Q9J\XL VG[ 5|D[Z]N\0LlJX[ RRF" SZJLP

v lJnFYL"VMG[ lJlJW H}YMDF\JC[\RL D[Z]N\0L VG[5|D[Z]N\0LGL RRF" SZJLP

v lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHl;lâ S;M8L äFZFD}<IF\SG SFI"

v X{1Fl6S ;FWG TZLS[ D[Z]N\0L45|D[Z]N\0L VG[ 5'Q9J\XLGFGD}GFVMGM p5IMU SZJMP

H}Y VwIF5GG\] VFIMHG RF,]PPPPP

TF;v!( v JU" o R}QFD]BFv 5|JU" o Dt:Iv JU" o SFl:Y Dt:I VG[

Vl:Y Dt:I

v JU" R}QFD]BF lJX[ RRF"SZJLP

v 5|JU" o Dt:I lJX[ RRF"SZJLP

v JU" o SFl:Y VG[ Vl:YGFTOFJT H6FJJFP

v lJnFYL"VMG[ R}QFD]BF4Dt:I4 SFl:Y VG[ Vl:YGFGD}GFVM ATFJL ,1F6MIFN ZFBJF H6FJJ\]P

v lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHl;lâ S;M8L äFZFD}<IF\SG SFI"

v X{1Fl6S ;FWG TZLS[Dt:IGF lJlJW GD}GFVMGMp5IMU SZJMP

TF;v!) v 5|JU" o RT]Q5FNv JU" o éEIÒJL

v 5|JU" o RT]Q5FNGF ,1F6MH6FJJFP

v JU" o éEIÒJLGF ,1F6MH6FJJFP

v lJnFYL"VMG[ RT]Q5FN VG[éEIÒJLGF ,1F6M 5ZRRF" DF8[ H}YDF\ lJEFÒTSZJFP

v lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHl;lâ S;M8L äFZFD}<IF\SG SFI"

v X{1Fl6S ;FWG TZLS[ N[S0M4;F,FDg0ZGM GD}GMATFJJMP

TF;vZ_ v JU" o ;ZL;'5v JU" o lJCUv JU" o ;:TG

v JU" o ;ZL;'5GF ,1F6MH6FJJFP

v JU" o lJCUGF ,1F6MH6FJJFP

v JU" o ;:TGGF ,1F6MH6FJJFP

v lJnFYL"VM ;ZL;'5GFGD}GF lGCF/X[P

v lJnFYL"VM lJCUGFGD}GF lGCF/X[P

v lJnFYL"VM ;:TGGFGD}GF lGCF/X[P

v lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHl;lâ S;M8L äFZFD}<IF\SG SFI"

v X{1Fl6S ;FWG TZLS[ ;F54H[JF ;ZL;'54 RS,L4SA}TZ H[JF lJCU TYFRFDFlR0LI\]4 ëNZ H[JF;:TGGF GD}GFVMGMp5IMU SZJMP

Page 271: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

264 264 264 264 264

5lZlXQ8v(5lZlXQ8v(5lZlXQ8v(5lZlXQ8v(5lZlXQ8v(jIFbIFG 5âlT DF8[GF 5F9 VFIMHGMjIFbIFG 5âlT DF8[GF 5F9 VFIMHGMjIFbIFG 5âlT DF8[GF 5F9 VFIMHGMjIFbIFG 5âlT DF8[GF 5F9 VFIMHGMjIFbIFG 5âlT DF8[GF 5F9 VFIMHGM

C[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VM

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P XaNMGF VY" HF6L XS[P

ZP VlWrKN 5[XLGF 5|SFZM HF6L XS[P

#P VlWrKN 5[XLGL ZRGF ;DÒ XS[P

$P VlWrKN 5[SLGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

5P VlWrKN 5[XLG\] :YFG HF6L XS[P

lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿

lX1FSPPPPP lJnFYL"VMG[

!P J{7FlGS XaNMGF VY" VF5X[P

ZP VlWrKN 5[XLGF 5|SFZM lJX[ DFlCTL VF5X[P

#P VlWrKN 5[XLGL ZRGF ;DHFJX[P

$P VlWrKN 5[XLGF 5|SFZMGM RF8" ATFJX[P

5P VlWrKN 5[XLGF ,1F6MYL DFlCTUFZ SZX[P

&P VlWrKN 5[XLG\] :YFG H6FJX[P

lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P lX1FS äFZF 5}KFI[,F XaNMGF VY" VF5X[P

ZP VlWrKN 5[XLGF 5|SFZM V\U[ HJFA VF5X[P

#P VlWrKN 5[XLGL ZRGFGL DFlCTL VF5X[P

$P 5|̀ GMGF HJFA VF5X[P

5P RF8" 5ZYL 5}KFI[,F 5|`GMGF HJFA VF5X[P

&P VlWrKN 5[XLGF :YFG V\U[ DFlCTL VF5X[P

TF;v!TF;v!TF;v!TF;v!TF;v!

lJQFI o 5|F6L5[XLlJQFI o 5|F6L5[XLlJQFI o 5|F6L5[XLlJQFI o 5|F6L5[XLlJQFI o 5|F6L5[XL lJQFIF\U o 5|F6L5[XLG\] JUL"SZ6lJQFIF\U o 5|F6L5[XLG\] JUL"SZ6lJQFIF\U o 5|F6L5[XLG\] JUL"SZ6lJQFIF\U o 5|F6L5[XLG\] JUL"SZ6lJQFIF\U o 5|F6L5[XLG\] JUL"SZ6

Page 272: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

265 265 265 265 265

TF;vZTF;vZTF;vZTF;vZTF;vZ

lJQFI o 5|F6L5[XLlJQFI o 5|F6L5[XLlJQFI o 5|F6L5[XLlJQFI o 5|F6L5[XLlJQFI o 5|F6L5[XL lJQFIF\U o lJlJW 5|F6L5[XLVMlJQFIF\U o lJlJW 5|F6L5[XLVMlJQFIF\U o lJlJW 5|F6L5[XLVMlJQFIF\U o lJlJW 5|F6L5[XLVMlJQFIF\U o lJlJW 5|F6L5[XLVM

C[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VM

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P ,FNL;D VlWrKNGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

ZP ,FNL;D VlWrKNG\] :YFG HF6L XS[P

#P 3GFSFZ VlWrKNGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

$P 3GFSFZ VlWrKNG\] :YFG HF6L XS[P

5P :T\ELI VlWrKNGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

&P :T\ELI VlWrKNG\] :YFG HF6L XS[P

*P 51D, VlWrKNGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

(P 51D, VlWrKNG\] :YFG HF6L XS[P

lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿

lX1FSPPPPP lJnFYL"VMG[

!P lJlJW 5[XLVMGM RF8" ATFJX[P

ZP ,FNL;D VlWrKNGF ,1F6M V\U[ DFlCTL VF5X[P

#P ,FNL;D VlWrKNGF :YFG lJX[ DFlCTUFZ SZX[P

$P 3GFSFZ VlWrKNGF ,1F6MGL DFlCTL VF5X[P

5P 3GFSFZ VlWrKNGF :YFG lJX[ DFlCTUFZ SZX[P

&P :T\ELI VlWrKNGF ,1F6MGL DFlCTL VF5X[P

*P :T\ELI VlWrKNGF :YFG lJX[ DFlCTUFZ SZX[P

(P 51D, VlWrKNGF ,1F6MGL DFlCTL VF5X[P

)P 51D, VlWrKNGF :YFG lJX[ DFlCTUFZ SZX[P

lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P ,FNL;D VlWrKNGF ,1F6M SC[X[P

ZP ,FNL;D VlWrKNG\] :YFG H6FJX[P

#P 3GFSFZ VlWrKN V\U[ 5}KFI[,F 5|`GMGF HJFA VF5X[P

$P `JF;G/LDF\ :YFl5T 5[XLG\] GFD SC[X[P

5P X\S]VFSFZGF SMQFM WZFJTL 5[XL lJX[ SC[X[P

&P :T\EFSFZ SMQFM WZFJTL 5[XLG\] GFD SC[X[P

*P :T\ELI VlWrKNGF ,1F6M SC[X[P

Page 273: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

266 266 266 266 266

TF;v#TF;v#TF;v#TF;v#TF;v#

lJQFI o 5|F6L5[XLlJQFI o 5|F6L5[XLlJQFI o 5|F6L5[XLlJQFI o 5|F6L5[XLlJQFI o 5|F6L5[XL lJQFIF\U o :T'T VlWrKN VG[ VlWrKN 5[XLGF SFIM"lJQFIF\U o :T'T VlWrKN VG[ VlWrKN 5[XLGF SFIM"lJQFIF\U o :T'T VlWrKN VG[ VlWrKN 5[XLGF SFIM"lJQFIF\U o :T'T VlWrKN VG[ VlWrKN 5[XLGF SFIM"lJQFIF\U o :T'T VlWrKN VG[ VlWrKN 5[XLGF SFIM"

C[T ]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VM

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P :T'T VlWrKNGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

ZP :T'T VlWrKNGL VFS'lT NMZL XS[P

#P :T'T VlWrKNDF\ DFl<5l3IG :TZ VM/BL XS[P

$P :T'T VlWrKNG\] :YFG HF6L XS[P

5P :T'T VlWrKN 5[XLGF D]bI SFIM"GL DFlCTL D[/JL XS[P

lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿

lX1FSPPPPP lJnFYL"VMG[

!P :T'T VlWrKNGF ,1F6M lJX[ H6FJX[P

ZP :T'T VlWrKNGL VFS'lT ;DHFJX[P

#P DFl<5l3IG :TZ lJX[ ;DH}TL VF5X[P

$P :T'T VlWrKNGF :YFGYL DFlCTUFZ SZX[P

5P :T'T VlWrKN 5[XLGF D]bI SFIM" ;DHFJX[P

lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P :T'T VlWrKNGF ,1F6M SC[X[P

ZP :T'T VlWrKNGL VFS'lT NMZX[P

#P DFl<5l3IG :TZ VM/BL ATFJX[P

$P VlWrKN 5[XLGF SFIM" lJX[ HJFAM VF5X[P

Page 274: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

267 267 267 267 267

TF;v$TF;v$TF;v$TF;v$TF;v$

lJQFI o 5|F6L5[XLlJQFI o 5|F6L5[XLlJQFI o 5|F6L5[XLlJQFI o 5|F6L5[XLlJQFI o 5|F6L5[XL lJQFIF\U o ;\IMHS 5[XL VG[ T[GF 5|SFZMlJQFIF\U o ;\IMHS 5[XL VG[ T[GF 5|SFZMlJQFIF\U o ;\IMHS 5[XL VG[ T[GF 5|SFZMlJQFIF\U o ;\IMHS 5[XL VG[ T[GF 5|SFZMlJQFIF\U o ;\IMHS 5[XL VG[ T[GF 5|SFZM

C[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VM

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P ;\IMHS 5[XLGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

ZP ;\IMHS 5[XLGF 5|SFZM HF6L XS[P

#P T\T]38S 5[XLGF ,1F6MYL DFlCTUFZ Y. XS[P

$P T\T]38S 5[XLG\] :YFG HF6L XS[P

5P S\SF, ;\IMHS 5[XL lJX[ ;DH S[/JL XS[P

&P SFl:Y VG[ Vl:Y JrR[GM TOFJT 5FZBL XS[P

*P 5|JFCL ;\IMHS 5[XL lJX[ HF6L XS[P

lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿

lX1FSPPPPP lJnFYL"VMG[

!P ;\IMHS 5[XLGF ,1F6MGL DFlCTL VF5X[P

ZP RF8" äFZF ;\IMHS 5[XLGF 5|SFZMGL DFlCTL VF5X[P

#P T\T]38S 5[XLGL ;DH VF5L 5|`GM 5}KX[P

$P T\T]38S 5[XLGF :YFG lJX[ SC[X[P

5P S\SF, ;\IMHS 5[XL lJX[ ;DHFJX[P

&P SFl:Y VG[ Vl:Y JrR[GM TOFJT SC[X[P

*P 5|JFCL ;\IMHS 5[XL V\U[ H6FJX[P

lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P ;\IMHS 5[XLGF ,1F6M V\U[ H6FJX[P

ZP RF8" 5ZYL ;\IMHS 5[XLGF 5|SFZM VM/BX[P

#P 5|̀ GMGF HJFA VF5X[P

$P S\SF, ;\IMHS 5[XL lJX[ ;DHX[P

5P SFl:Y VG[ Vl:Y JrR[GM TOFJT H6FJX[P

&P 5|JFCL ;\IMHS 5[XL V\U[ H6FJX[P

Page 275: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

268 268 268 268 268

TF;v5TF;v5TF;v5TF;v5TF;v5

lJQFI o 5|F6L5[XLlJQFI o 5|F6L5[XLlJQFI o 5|F6L5[XLlJQFI o 5|F6L5[XLlJQFI o 5|F6L5[XL lJQFIF\U o Z[lBT :GFI]4 VZ[lBT :GFI] VG[ ìN :GFI]lJQFIF\U o Z[lBT :GFI]4 VZ[lBT :GFI] VG[ ìN :GFI]lJQFIF\U o Z[lBT :GFI]4 VZ[lBT :GFI] VG[ ìN :GFI]lJQFIF\U o Z[lBT :GFI]4 VZ[lBT :GFI] VG[ ìN :GFI]lJQFIF\U o Z[lBT :GFI]4 VZ[lBT :GFI] VG[ ìN :GFI]

C[T ]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VM

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P Z[lBT :GFI]GF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

ZP VZ[lBT :GFI]GF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

#P VZ[lBT :GFI]G\] :YFG HF6L XS[P

$P ìN :GFI]GF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

5P ìN :GFI]G\] :YFG HF6L XS[P

&P R[TF5[XL lJX[ DFlCTLUFZ Y. XS[P

*P R[TFSMQFGL ;DH D[/JL XS[P

(P R[TFSMQFGL VFS'lT NMZTF\ XLBL XS[P

)P R[TFSMQFGL VFS'lTDF\ lJlJW EFUMG[ VM/BTF\ XLBL XS[P

lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿

lX1FSPPPPP lJnFYL"VMG[

!P Z[lBT :GFI]GF ,1F6M H6FJX[P

ZP VZ[lBT :GFI]GF ,1F6M H6FJX[P

#P VZ[lBT :GFI]G\] :YFG SC[X[P

$P ìN :GFI]GF ,1F6MYL DFlCTUFZ SZX[P

5P ìN :GFI]G\] :YFG H6FJX[P

&P R[TF5[XL lJX[GL DFlCTL VF5X[P

*P RF8" äFZF R[TFSMQFGL ;DH}TL VF5X[P

(P R[TFSMQFGL VFS'lT NMZJFG\] SC[X[P

)P VFS'lTDF\ lJlJW EFUM VM/BJFG\] SC[X[P

lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P Z[lBT :GFI]GF ,1F6M SC[X[P

ZP VZ[lBT :GFI]GF ,1F6M SC[X[P

#P VZ[lBT :GFI]G\] :YFG SC[X[P

$P 5|̀ GMGF HJFA VF5X[P

5P R[TFSMQFGL VFS'lT NMZX[P

&P R[TFSMQFGL VFS'lTDF\GF lJlJW EFUM VM/BX[P

Page 276: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

269 269 269 269 269

TF;v&TF;v&TF;v&TF;v&TF;v&

lJQFI olJQFI olJQFI olJQFI olJQFI o ;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\ lJQFIF\U o JUL"SZ6 VG[ T[G\] DCÀJ4lJQFIF\U o JUL"SZ6 VG[ T[G\] DCÀJ4lJQFIF\U o JUL"SZ6 VG[ T[G\] DCÀJ4lJQFIF\U o JUL"SZ6 VG[ T[G\] DCÀJ4lJQFIF\U o JUL"SZ6 VG[ T[G\] DCÀJ4

JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6 GFDSZ6GFDSZ6GFDSZ6GFDSZ6GFDSZ6

C[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VM

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P JUL"SZ6 lJX[ HF6L XS[P

ZP JUL"SZ6G\] DCÀJ ;DÒ XS[P

#P GFDSZ6 lJX[ HF6L XS[P

$P lJlJW J{7FlGS GFDMYL DFlCTUFZ Y. XS[P

lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿

lX1FSPPPPP lJnFYL"VMG[

!P JUL"SZ6GL DFlCTL VF5X[P

ZP JUL"SZ6G\] DCÀJ ;DHFJX[P

#P GFDSZ6 lJX[ H6FJX[P

$P ;ÒJMG[ GFD VF5JFGL J{7FlGS 5âlT lJX[ DFlCTL VF5X[P

lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P JUL"SZ6 lJX[ DFlCTL D[/JX[P

ZP JUL"SZ6G\] DCÀJ ;DHX[P

#P GFDSZ6 V\U[GF 5|̀ GMGF HJFA VF5X[P

Page 277: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

270 270 270 270 270

TF;v*TF;v*TF;v*TF;v*TF;v*

lJQFI o ;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\ JG:5lT JUL"SZ6lJQFI o ;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\ JG:5lT JUL"SZ6lJQFI o ;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\ JG:5lT JUL"SZ6lJQFI o ;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\ JG:5lT JUL"SZ6lJQFI o ;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\ JG:5lT JUL"SZ6 lJQFIF\U o V[SF\ULlJQFIF\U o V[SF\ULlJQFIF\U o V[SF\ULlJQFIF\U o V[SF\ULlJQFIF\U o V[SF\UL

C[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VM

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P V[SF\UL JG:5lT lJX[ HF6L XS[P

ZP lJEFU o V[SF\ULGF lJlJW ;D]NFIM lJX[ DFlCTL D[/JL XS[P

#P ;D]NFI o ;F.hMOFI8FYL 5lZlRT Y. XS[P

$P lJlJW VFSFZGF SMQFM VM/BL XS[P

lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿

lX1FSPPPPP lJnFYL"VMG[

!P V[SF\UL JG:5lT lJX[ DFlCTL VF5X[P

ZP lJEFU o V[SF\ULGF lJlJW ;D]NFIM lJX[ DFlCTL VF5X[P

#P ;D]NFI o ;F.hMOFI8F lJX[ H6FJX[P

$P lJlJW VFSFZGF SMQFMGL VM/B VF5X[P

lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P V[SF\UL JG:5lTYL DFlCTUFZ YX[P

ZP 5|̀ GMGF HJFA VF5X[P

#P lJlJW VFSFZGF SMQFM VM/BL ATFJX[P

Page 278: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

271 271 271 271 271

TF;v(TF;v(TF;v(TF;v(TF;v(

lJQFI olJQFI olJQFI olJQFI olJQFI o ;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\ lJQFIF\U o ;D]NFI o ,L, VG[ O}UlJQFIF\U o ;D]NFI o ,L, VG[ O}UlJQFIF\U o ;D]NFI o ,L, VG[ O}UlJQFIF\U o ;D]NFI o ,L, VG[ O}UlJQFIF\U o ;D]NFI o ,L, VG[ O}U

JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6

C[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VM

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P ;D]NFI o ,L, lJX[ DFlCTL D[/JL XS[P

ZP lJlJW ,L, lJX[ HF6L XS[P

#P ;D]NFI o O}U lJX[ HF6L XS[P

$P O}UGF lJlJW pNFCZ6M HF6L XS[P

5P ;D]NFI o ,F.S[G lJX[ DFlCTL D[/JL XS[P

&P ,F.S[GGF lJlJW pNFCZ6M HF6L XS[P

lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿

lX1FSPPPPP lJnFYL"VMG[

!P ;D]NFI o ,L, lJX[ DFlCTL VF5X[P

ZP lJlJW 5|SFZGL ,L, lJX[ SC[X[P

#P ;D]NFI o O}U lJX[ H6FJX[P

$P O}UGF lJlJW pNFCZ6M VF5X[P

5P ;D]NFI o ,F.S[G lJX[ DFlCTL VF5X[P

&P ,F.S[GGF lJlJW pNFCZ6M SC[X[P

lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P ;D]NFI o ,L,YL DFlCTUFZ YX[P

ZP ,L,GF GFDM VF5X[P

#P ;D]NFI o O}UGL DFlCTL VF5X[P

$P O}UGF lJlJW pNFCZ6M H6FJX[P

5P ;D]NFI o ,F.S[G lJX[ DFlCTL D[/JX[P

&P ,F.S[GGF lJlJW pNFCZ6M H6FJX[P

Page 279: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

272 272 272 272 272

TF;v)TF;v)TF;v)TF;v)TF;v)

lJQFI olJQFI olJQFI olJQFI olJQFI o ;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\ lJQFIF\U o läV\UL4 l+V\UL VG[lJQFIF\U o läV\UL4 l+V\UL VG[lJQFIF\U o läV\UL4 l+V\UL VG[lJQFIF\U o läV\UL4 l+V\UL VG[lJQFIF\U o läV\UL4 l+V\UL VG[

JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6 VGFJ'¿ ALHWFZLVGFJ'¿ ALHWFZLVGFJ'¿ ALHWFZLVGFJ'¿ ALHWFZLVGFJ'¿ ALHWFZL

C[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VM

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P lJEFU o läV\UL lJX[ HF6L XS[P

ZP läV\UL JG:5lTG[ VM/BL XS[P

#P lJEFU o l+V\UL lJX[ HF6L XS[P

$P l+V\UL JG:5lTG[ VM/BL XS[P

5P lJEFU o VGFJ'¿ ALHWFZL lJX[ HF6L XS[P

&P VGFJ'¿ ALHWFZLGF pNFCZ6M VF5L XS[P

lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿

lX1FSPPPPP lJnFYL"VMG[

!P lJEFU o läV\UL lJX[ H6FJX[P

ZP läV\ULGF GD}GF ATFJX[P

#P lJEFU o l+V\UL lJX[ DFlCTL VF5X[P

$P l+V\ULGM GD}GM ATFJX[P

5P lJEFU o VGFJ'¿ ALHWFZL V\U[ H6FJX[P

&P VGFJ'¿ ALHWFZLGF pNFCZ6M VF5X[P

lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P lJEFU o läV\UL lJX[ H6FJX[P

ZP läV\UL JG:5lTGF GD}GF wIFGYL lGCF/X[P

#P lJEFU o l+V\ULGL DFlCTL 5|F%T SZX[P

$P l+V\UL JG:5lTGM GD}GM lGCF/X[P

5P 5|̀ GMGF HJFA VF5X[P

Page 280: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

273 273 273 273 273

TF;v!_TF;v!_TF;v!_TF;v!_TF;v!_

lJQFI olJQFI olJQFI olJQFI olJQFI o ;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\ lJQFIF\U o lJEFU o VFJ'T ALHWFZLlJQFIF\U o lJEFU o VFJ'T ALHWFZLlJQFIF\U o lJEFU o VFJ'T ALHWFZLlJQFIF\U o lJEFU o VFJ'T ALHWFZLlJQFIF\U o lJEFU o VFJ'T ALHWFZL

JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6JG:5lT JUL"SZ6 JU" o V[SN/L4 läN/LJU" o V[SN/L4 läN/LJU" o V[SN/L4 läN/LJU" o V[SN/L4 läN/LJU" o V[SN/L4 läN/L

C[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VM

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P VFJ'T ALHWFZL JG:5lT lJX[ DFlCTL 5|F%T SZL XS[P

ZP VFJ'T ALHWFZL VG[ VGFJ'T ALHWFZLGM TOFJT 5FZBL XS[P

#P JU" o läN/L lJX[ DFlCTL D[/JL XS[P

$P läN/L JG:5lTG[ VM/BL XS[P

5P JU" o V[SN/L lJX[ HF6L XS[P

&P V[SN/L JG:5lTG[ VM/BL XS[P

*P läN/L VG[ V[SN/LGM TOFJT VF5L XS[P

lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿

lX1FSPPPPP lJnFYL"VMG[

!P VFJ'T ALHWFZL JG:5lTGL DFlCTL VF5X[P

ZP VFJ'T ALHWFZL VG[ VGFJ'¿ ALHWFZL JG:5lTGM TOFJT SC[X[P

#P JU" o läN/L lJX[ H6FJX[P

$P läN/LGM GD}GM ATFJX[P

5P JU" o V[SN/L lJX[ H6FJX[P

&P V[SN/LGM GD}GM ATFJX[P

*P läN/LvV[SN/LGM TOFJT ;DHFJX[P

lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P VFJ'T ALHWFZL JG:5lT lJX[ H6FJX[P

ZP VFJ'T ALHWFZL VG[ VGFJ'T ALHWFZLGM E[N 5FZBX[P

#P JU" o läN/L lJX[ DFlCTL D[/JX[P

$P läN/LGM GD}GM VM/BL ATFJX[P

5P 5|̀ GMGF HJFA VF5X[P

&P JU" o V[SN/L lJX[ H6FJX[P

*P V[SN/LGM GD}GM VM/BX[P

(P läN/LvV[SN/LGM TOFJT VF5X[P

Page 281: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

274 274 274 274 274

TF;v!!TF;v!!TF;v!!TF;v!!TF;v!!

lJQFI olJQFI olJQFI olJQFI olJQFI o ;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\ lJQFIF\U o ;'lQ8 o 5|Ml8:8FlJQFIF\U o ;'lQ8 o 5|Ml8:8FlJQFIF\U o ;'lQ8 o 5|Ml8:8FlJQFIF\U o ;'lQ8 o 5|Ml8:8FlJQFIF\U o ;'lQ8 o 5|Ml8:8F

5|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ6 ;D]NFI o 5|ÒJ;D]NFI o 5|ÒJ;D]NFI o 5|ÒJ;D]NFI o 5|ÒJ;D]NFI o 5|ÒJ

C[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VM

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P J{7FlGS XaNMGF VY" HF6L XS[P

ZP ;D]NFI o 5|ÒJGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

#P 5|ÒJGF pNFCZ6M VF5L XS[P

$P 5|ÒJGM RF8" lGCF/L XS[P

lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿

lX1FSPPPPP lJnFYL"VMG[

!P J{7FlGS XaNMGL ;DH}TL VF5X[P

ZP ;D]NFI o 5|ÒJGF ,1F6M H6FJX[P

#P 5|ÒJGF pNFCZ6M VF5X[P

$P 5|ÒJGF GD}GF ATFJX[P

lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P J{7FlGS XaNMGF VY" ;DHX[P

ZP ;D]NFI o 5|ÒJGF ,1F6M HF6X[P

#P 5|ÒJGF pNFCZ6M VF5X[P

$P 5|̀ GMGF HJFA VF5X[P

Page 282: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

275 275 275 275 275

TF;v!ZTF;v!ZTF;v!ZTF;v!ZTF;v!Z

lJQFI olJQFI olJQFI olJQFI olJQFI o ;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\ lJQFIF\U o 5|F6L;'lQ8G\] JUL"SZ6lJQFIF\U o 5|F6L;'lQ8G\] JUL"SZ6lJQFIF\U o 5|F6L;'lQ8G\] JUL"SZ6lJQFIF\U o 5|F6L;'lQ8G\] JUL"SZ6lJQFIF\U o 5|F6L;'lQ8G\] JUL"SZ6

5|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ6

C[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VM

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P 5|F6L;'lQ8G\] JUL"SZ6 ;DÒ XS[P

ZP ;ÒJMG\] JUL"SZ6 SZTF\ XLB[P

#P lJlJW ;D]NFIGF GFD HF6L XS[P

$P lJlJW 5|F6LVMG[ VM/BL XS[P

lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿

lX1FSPPPPP lJnFYL"VMG[

!P 5|F6L;'lQ8G\] JUL"SZ6 ;DHFJX[P

ZP ;ÒJMG\] JUL"SZ6 SZTF\ XLBJX[P

#P lJlJW ;D]NFIGF GFD H6FJX[P

$P lJlJW 5|F6LVMGL VM/B VF5X[P

lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P 5|F6L;'lQ8G\] JUL"SZ6 ;DHX[P

ZP ;ÒJMG\] JUL"SZ6 SZX[P

#P lJlJW ;D]NFIM lJX[ DFlCTL D[/JX[P

$P lJlJW ;D]NFIMGF 5|F6LVM VM/BX[P

5P 5|̀ GMGF HJFA VF5X[P

Page 283: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

276 276 276 276 276

TF;v!#TF;v!#TF;v!#TF;v!#TF;v!#

lJQFI olJQFI olJQFI olJQFI olJQFI o ;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\ lJQFIF\U o ;'lQ8 o D[8Fh]VFlJQFIF\U o ;'lQ8 o D[8Fh]VFlJQFIF\U o ;'lQ8 o D[8Fh]VFlJQFIF\U o ;'lQ8 o D[8Fh]VFlJQFIF\U o ;'lQ8 o D[8Fh]VF

5|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ6 ;D]NFI o ;lKã4 SMQ9F\l+;D]NFI o ;lKã4 SMQ9F\l+;D]NFI o ;lKã4 SMQ9F\l+;D]NFI o ;lKã4 SMQ9F\l+;D]NFI o ;lKã4 SMQ9F\l+

C[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VM

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P ;'lQ8 o D[8Fh]VF lJX[ HF6L XS[P

ZP lJEFU o 5[ZFh]VFDF\ ;DFlJQ8 ;D]NFI V\U[GL DFlCTL D[/JL XS[P

#P ;D]NFI o ;lKãGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

$P ;D]NFI o ;lKãG\] pNFCZ6 HF6L XS[P

5P lJEFU o I]D[8Fh]VF lJX[ DFlCTL D[/JL XS[P

&P ;D]NFI o SMQ9F\l+GF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

*P ;D]NFI o SMQ9F\l+GF 5|F6LVM VM/BL XS[P

lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿

lX1FSPPPPP lJnFYL"VMG[

!P ;'lQ8 o D[8Fh]VF lJX[ H6FJX[P

ZP lJEFU o 5[ZFh]VFGF ;D]NFIM lJX[ DFlCTL VF5X[P

#P ;D]NFI o ;lKãGF ,1F6M H6FJX[P

$P ;D]NFI o ;lKãGF pNFCZ6M H6FJX[P

5P lJEFU o I]D[8Fh]VFGL DFlCTL VF5X[P

&P ;D]NFI o SMQ9F\l+GF ,1F6MYL DFlCTUFZ SZX[P

*P ;D]NFI o SMQ9F\l+GF 5|F6LVMGL VM/B VF5X[P

lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P ;'lQ8 o D[8Fh]VF lJX[ HF6X[P

ZP lJEFU o 5[ZFh]VFGF lJlJW ;D]NFIMGL DFlCTL 5|F%T SZX[P

#P ;D]NFI o ;lKãGF ,1F6M SC[X[P

$P lJEFU o I]D[8Fh]VFGL DFlCTL D[/JX[P

5P ;D]NFI o SMQ9F\l+GF ,1F6M lJX[ HF6X[P

&P ;D]NFI o SMQ9F\l+GF 5|F6LVM VM/BL ATFJX[P

Page 284: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

277 277 277 277 277

TF;v!$TF;v!$TF;v!$TF;v!$TF;v!$

lJQFI olJQFI olJQFI olJQFI olJQFI o ;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\ lJQFIF\U o ;D]NFI o 5'Y]S'lD4 ;}+S'lDlJQFIF\U o ;D]NFI o 5'Y]S'lD4 ;}+S'lDlJQFIF\U o ;D]NFI o 5'Y]S'lD4 ;}+S'lDlJQFIF\U o ;D]NFI o 5'Y]S'lD4 ;}+S'lDlJQFIF\U o ;D]NFI o 5'Y]S'lD4 ;}+S'lD

5|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ6

C[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VM

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P ;D]NFI o 5'Y]S'lDGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

ZP ;D]NFI o 5'Y]S'lDGF pNFCZ6M VF5L XS[P

#P ;D]NFI o ;}+S'lDGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

$P ;D]NFI o ;}+S'lDGF 5|F6LVM VM/BL XS[P

lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿

lX1FSPPPPP lJnFYL"VMG[

!P ;D]NFI o 5'Y]S'lDGF ,1F6M H6FJX[P

ZP ;D]NFI o 5'Y]S'lDGF pNFCZ6M H6FJX[P

#P ;D]NFI o ;}+S'lDGF ,1F6MGL DFlCTL VF5X[P

$P ;D]NFI o ;}+S'lDGF 5|F6LVM ATFJX[P

lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P ;D]NFI o 5'Y]S'lDGF ,1F6M HF6X[P

ZP ;D]NFI o 5'Y]S'lDGF pNFCZ6M VF5X[P

#P ;D]NFI o ;}+S'lDGF ,1F6MGL DFlCTL D[/JX[P

$P ;D]NFI o ;}+S'lDGF 5|F6LVM VM/BX[P

Page 285: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

278 278 278 278 278

TF;v!5TF;v!5TF;v!5TF;v!5TF;v!5

lJQFI olJQFI olJQFI olJQFI olJQFI o ;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\ lJQFIF\U o ;D]NFI o G]5}ZS4 ;\lW5FNlJQFIF\U o ;D]NFI o G]5}ZS4 ;\lW5FNlJQFIF\U o ;D]NFI o G]5}ZS4 ;\lW5FNlJQFIF\U o ;D]NFI o G]5}ZS4 ;\lW5FNlJQFIF\U o ;D]NFI o G]5}ZS4 ;\lW5FN

5|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ6

C[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VM

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P ;D]NFI o G]5}ZSGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

ZP ;D]NFI o G]5}ZSGF 5|F6LVMGL XZLZZRGF ;DÒ XS[P

#P ;D]NFI o G]5}ZSGF pNFCZ6M VF5L XS[P

$P ;D]NFI o ;\lW5FNGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

5P ;D]NFI o ;\lW5FNGF pNFCZ6M VF5L XS[P

&P ;D]NFI o ;\lW5FNGF ;ÒJMG[ VM/BL XS[P

lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿

lX1FSPPPPP lJnFYL"VMG[

!P ;D]NFI o G]5}ZSGF ,1F6M lJX[ H6FJX[P

ZP ;D]NFI o G]5}ZSGF 5|F6LVMGL XZLZZRGF lJX[ ;DH}TL VF5X[P

#P ;D]NFI o G]5}ZSGF pNFCZ6M VF5L GD}GF ATFJX[P

$P ;D]NFI o ;\lW5FNGF ,1F6M lJX[GL DFlCTL VF5X[P

5P ;D]NFI o ;\lW5FNGF pNFCZ6M VF5L 5|F6LVMGF GD}GF ATFJX[P

&P ;\lW5FN ;D]NFIGF lJlJW 5|F6LVMGL VM/B VF5X[P

lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P ;D]NFI o G]5}ZSGF ,1F6M HF6X[P

ZP ;D]NFI o G]5}ZSGF 5|F6LVMGL XZLZZRGF ;DHX[P

#P ;D]NFI o G]5}ZSGF pNFCZ6M VF5X[P

$P ;D]NFI o ;\lW5FNGF ,1F6M lJX[ HF6X[P

5P ;D]NFI o ;\lW5FNGF pNFCZ6M SC[X[P

&P ;D]NFI ;\lW5FNGF lJlJW 5|F6LVM VM/BX[P

*P 5|̀ GMGF HJFA VF5X[P

Page 286: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

279 279 279 279 279

TF;v!&TF;v!&TF;v!&TF;v!&TF;v!&

lJQFI olJQFI olJQFI olJQFI olJQFI o ;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\ lJQFIF\U o ;D]NFI o D'N]SFI4 X}/tJRLlJQFIF\U o ;D]NFI o D'N]SFI4 X}/tJRLlJQFIF\U o ;D]NFI o D'N]SFI4 X}/tJRLlJQFIF\U o ;D]NFI o D'N]SFI4 X}/tJRLlJQFIF\U o ;D]NFI o D'N]SFI4 X}/tJRL

5|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ6

C[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VM

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P ;D]NFI o D'N]SFI lJX[ HF6L XS[P

ZP ;D]NFI o D'N]SFIGF 5|F6LVM VM/BL XS[P

#P ;D]NFI o X}/tJRLGF ,1F6MGL DFlCTL D[/JL XS[P

$P ;D]NFI o X}/tJRLGF 5|F6LVM VM/BL XS[P

lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿

lX1FSPPPPP lJnFYL"VMG[

!P ;D]NFI o D'N]SFI lJX[ DFlCTL VF5X[P

ZP ;D]NFI o D'N]SFIGF 5|F6LVM ATFJX[P

#P ;D]NFI o X}/tJRLGF ,1F6M H6FJX[P

$P ;D]NFI o X}/tJRLGF 5|F6LVMGL VM/B VF5X[P

lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P ;D]NFI o D'N]SFI lJX[GL DFlCTL D[/JX[P

ZP ;D]NFI o D'N]SFIGF 5|F6LVM VM/BX[P

#P ;D]NFI o X}/tJRLGF ,1F6MYL DFlCTUFZ YX[P

$P ;D]NFI o X}/tJRLGF 5|F6LVM VM/BL ATFJX[P

Page 287: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

280 280 280 280 280

TF;v!*TF;v!*TF;v!*TF;v!*TF;v!*

lJQFI o ;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\ 5|F6L JUL"SZ6lJQFI o ;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\ 5|F6L JUL"SZ6lJQFI o ;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\ 5|F6L JUL"SZ6lJQFI o ;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\ 5|F6L JUL"SZ6lJQFI o ;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\ 5|F6L JUL"SZ6 lJQFIF\U o D[Z]N\0LlJQFIF\U o D[Z]N\0LlJQFIF\U o D[Z]N\0LlJQFIF\U o D[Z]N\0LlJQFIF\U o D[Z]N\0L

C[T ]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VM

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P D[Z]N\0 XaNGM VY" HF6L XS[P

ZP D[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVM lJX[ HF6L XS[P

#P VD[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVM lJX[ HF6L XS[P

$P VD[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVM VG[ D[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVMGL T],GF SZL XS[P

lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿

lX1FSPPPPP lJnFYL"VMG[

!P D[Z]N\0 XaNGM VY" H6FJX[P

ZP D[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVM lJX[ H6FJX[P

#P VD[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVM lJX[ H6FJX[P

$P VD[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVM VG[ D[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVMGL T],GF SZL ;DH}TL VF5X[P

lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P D[Z]N\0 XaNGM VY" U|C6 SZX[P

ZP D[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVM lJX[ DFlCTL D[/JX[P

#P VD[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVM lJX[ DFlCTL D[/JX[P

$P VD[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVM VG[ D[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVMGL T],GF SZX[P

5P 5|̀ GMGF HJFA VF5X[P

Page 288: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

281 281 281 281 281

TF;v!(TF;v!(TF;v!(TF;v!(TF;v!(

lJQFI olJQFI olJQFI olJQFI olJQFI o ;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\ lJQFIF\U o 5|D[Z]N\0L4 5'Q9J\XLlJQFIF\U o 5|D[Z]N\0L4 5'Q9J\XLlJQFIF\U o 5|D[Z]N\0L4 5'Q9J\XLlJQFIF\U o 5|D[Z]N\0L4 5'Q9J\XLlJQFIF\U o 5|D[Z]N\0L4 5'Q9J\XL

5|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ6

C[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VM

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P 5|D[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVMGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

ZP 5'Q9J\XL 5|F6LVMGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

#P V5'Q9J\XL 5|F6LVM lJX[GL DFlCTL D[/JL XS[P

$P V5'Q9J\XL VG[ 5'Q9J\XL 5|F6LVM JrR[GM E[N 5FZBL XS[P

lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿

lX1FSPPPPP lJnFYL"VMG[

!P 5|D[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVMGF ,1F6M H6FJX[P

ZP 5'Q9J\XL 5|F6LVMGF ,1F6M H6FJX[P

#P V5'Q9J\XL 5|F6LVM lJX[GL DFlCTL VF5X[P

$P V5'Q9J\XL VG[ 5'Q9J\XL 5|F6LVM JrR[GM E[N :5Q8 SZL ;DHFJX[P

lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿

!P 5|D[Z]N\0L 5|F6LVM lJX[ HF6X[P

ZP 5'Q9J\XL 5|F6LVM V\U[GL DFlCTL 5|F%T SZX[P

#P V5'Q9J\XL 5|F6LVMYL DFlCTLUFZ YX[P

$P V5'Q9J\XL VG[ 5'Q9J\XL 5|F6LVM JrR[GM E[N 5FZBX[P

Page 289: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

282 282 282 282 282

TF;v!)TF;v!)TF;v!)TF;v!)TF;v!)

lJQFI olJQFI olJQFI olJQFI olJQFI o ;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\ lJQFIF\U o JU" o R}QFD]BFlJQFIF\U o JU" o R}QFD]BFlJQFIF\U o JU" o R}QFD]BFlJQFIF\U o JU" o R}QFD]BFlJQFIF\U o JU" o R}QFD]BF

5|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ6 5|JU" o Dt:I45|JU" o Dt:I45|JU" o Dt:I45|JU" o Dt:I45|JU" o Dt:I4

JU" o SFl:Y Dt:I4 Vl:Y Dt;IJU" o SFl:Y Dt:I4 Vl:Y Dt;IJU" o SFl:Y Dt:I4 Vl:Y Dt;IJU" o SFl:Y Dt:I4 Vl:Y Dt;IJU" o SFl:Y Dt:I4 Vl:Y Dt;I

C[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VM

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P JU" o R}QFD]BFGF ,1F6MYL DFlCTUFZ Y. XS[P

ZP 5|JU" o Dt:I lJX[ HF6L XS[P

#P JU" o SFl:Y Dt:IGF ,1F6MGL DFlCTL D[/JL XS[P

$P JU" o SFl:Y Dt:IGF 5|F6LVM VM/BL XS[P

5P JU" o Vl:Y Dt:IGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

&P JU" o Vl:Y Dt:IGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P

*P JU" o Vl:Y Dt:I VG[ SFl:Y Dt:I JrR[GM E[N 5FZBL XS[P

lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿

lX1FSPPPPP lJnFYL"VMG[

!P JU" o R}QFD]BFGF ,1F6MGL DFlCTL VF5X[P

ZP 5|JU" o Dt:I lJX[ H6FJX[P

#P JU" o SFl:Y Dt:IGF ,1F6M H6FJX[P

$P JU" o SFl:Y Dt:IGF 5|F6LVM ATFJX[P

5P JU" o Vl:Y Dt:IGF ,1F6MGL DFlCTL VF5X[P

&P JU" o Vl:Y Dt:IGF 5|F6LVM ATFJX[P

*P JU" o Vl:Y Dt:I VG[ SFl:Y Dt:I JrR[GM E[N H6FJX[P

lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿

lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P JU" o R}QFD}BFGF ,1F6MGL DFlCTL D[/JX[P

ZP 5|JU" o Dt:I lJX[ HF6X[P

#P JU" o SFl:Y Dt:IGF ,1F6MGL DFlCTL D[/JX[P

$P JU" o SFl:Y Dt:IGF 5|F6LVM VM/BX[P

5P 5|̀ GMGF HJFA VF5X[P

&P JU" o Vl:Y Dt:IGF ,1F6M HF6X[P

*P JU" o Vl:Y Dt:IGF 5|F6LVM VM/BX[P

(P Vl:Y Dt:I VG[ SFl:Y Dt:I JrR[GM E[N 5FZBX[P

Page 290: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

283 283 283 283 283

TF;vZ_TF;vZ_TF;vZ_TF;vZ_TF;vZ_

lJQFI olJQFI olJQFI olJQFI olJQFI o ;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\;ÒJGF JUL"SZ6DF\ lJQFIF\U o 5|JU" o RT]Q5FNlJQFIF\U o 5|JU" o RT]Q5FNlJQFIF\U o 5|JU" o RT]Q5FNlJQFIF\U o 5|JU" o RT]Q5FNlJQFIF\U o 5|JU" o RT]Q5FN

5|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ65|F6L JUL"SZ6 JU" o éEIÒJL4 ;lZ;'54 lJCU4 ;:TGJU" o éEIÒJL4 ;lZ;'54 lJCU4 ;:TGJU" o éEIÒJL4 ;lZ;'54 lJCU4 ;:TGJU" o éEIÒJL4 ;lZ;'54 lJCU4 ;:TGJU" o éEIÒJL4 ;lZ;'54 lJCU4 ;:TG

C[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMC[T]VMlJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P 5|JU" o RT]Q5FN lJX[ HF6L XS[PZP JU" o éEIÒJLGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P#P JU" o éEIÒJLGF pNFCZ6M HF6L XS[P$P JU" o ;lZ;'5 lJX[ DFlCTL D[/JL XS[P5P JU" o ;lZ;'5GF 5|F6LVM VM/BL XS[P&P JU" o lJCUGF ,1F6M HF6L XS[P*P JU" o lJCUGF 5|F6LVM VM/BL XS[P(P JU" o ;:TGGL DFlCTL D[/JL XS[P)P JU"o ;:TGGF 5|F6LVM VM/BL XS[P

lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSGL 5|J'l¿lX1FSPPPPP lJnFYL"VMG[

!P 5|JU" o RT]Q5FN lJX[ H6FJX[PZP JU" o éEIÒJLGF ,1F6M H6FJX[P#P JU" o éEIÒJLGF 5|F6LVM ATFJX[P$P JU" o ;lZ;'5GF ,1F6MGL DFlCTL VF5X[P5P JU" o ;lZ;'5GF 5|F6LVM ATFJX[P&P JU" o lJCUGF ,1F6M H6FJX[P*P JU" o lJCUGF 5|F6LVM ATFJX[P(P JU" o ;:TGGF 5|F6LVM lJX[GL DFlCTL VF5X[P)P JU" o ;:TGGF 5|F6LVM ATFJX[P

lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMGL 5|J'l¿lJnFYL"VMPPPPP

!P 5|JU" o RT]Q5FN lJX[ HF6X[PZP JU" o éEIÒJLGF ,1F6M lJX[ HF6X[P#P JU" o éEIÒJLGF 5|F6LVMG[ VM/BX[P$P JU" o ;lZ;'5GF 5|F6LVMGL DFlCTL D[/JX[P5P JU" o ;lZ;'5GF 5|F6LVMGL VM/BX[P&P JU" o lJCUGF 5|F6LVM lJX[ HF6SFZL D[/JX[P*P JU" o lJCUGF 5|F6LVM VM/BX[P(P JU" o ;:TGGF 5|F6LVMGL DFlCTL 5|F%T SZX[P)P JU" o ;:TGGF 5|F6LVM VM/BL ATFJX[P!_P 5|̀ GMGF HJFA VF5X[P

Page 291: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

284 284 284 284 284

5lZlXQ8v)5lZlXQ8v)5lZlXQ8v)5lZlXQ8v)5lZlXQ8v)l;lâ S;M8LGL ZRGFl;lâ S;M8LGL ZRGFl;lâ S;M8LGL ZRGFl;lâ S;M8LGL ZRGFl;lâ S;M8LGL ZRGF

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LlJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LlJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LlJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LlJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8L

GFD oGFD oGFD oGFD oGFD o S],U]6 o 5_S],U]6 o 5_S],U]6 o 5_S],U]6 o 5_S],U]6 o 5_

XF/F oXF/F oXF/F oXF/F oXF/F o

5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv! SF{\;DF\YL IMuI XaN 5;\N SZL BF,L HuIF 5}ZM oSF{ \;DF\YL IMuI XaN 5;\N SZL BF,L HuIF 5}ZM oSF{ \;DF\YL IMuI XaN 5;\N SZL BF,L HuIF 5}ZM oSF{ \;DF\YL IMuI XaN 5;\N SZL BF,L HuIF 5}ZM oSF{ \;DF\YL IMuI XaN 5;\N SZL BF,L HuIF 5}ZM o s!5fs!5fs!5fs!5fs!5f

s!f VlWrKNLI 5[XL PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP G\] SFI" SZ[ K[P sVFrKFNG4 HM0F6f

sZf 51D, VlWrKNDF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP GF ;TT C,GR,GG[ ,LW[ 5|JFC ;HF"I K[P

sSMQFM4 51DMf

s#f S\SF, ;\IMHS 5[XL 5'Q9J\XL 5|F6LVMDF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPGL ZRGF SZ[ K[P

sAFæS\SF,4 V\ToS\SF,f

s$f GFSG\] 8[ZJ\] VG[ S6"5<,J PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP GF pNFCZ6 K[P sSFl:Y4 Vl:Yf

s5f Z]lWZSMQFM PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP DF\ D]ST TZTF ZC[ K[P sSMQFZ;4 Z]lWZZ;f

s&f R[TF5[XLGM A\WFZ6LI V[SD PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP K[P sR[TFSMQF4 R[TFT\T]f

s*f DFGJLG\] J{7FlGS GFD PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP K[P sCMDM ;[l5Ig;4 lhIF D[.hf

s(f O}UGF ;}SFIG[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP SC[ K[P sSJSHF/4 SJS;}+f

s)f VGFJ'T ALHWFZL JG:5lT PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP 5]Q5M WZFJ[ K[P s éEIl,\UL4 V[Sl,\ULf

s!_f DCFALHF6] PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP 5Z WFZ6 YFI K[P sDCFlAHF6] 56"4 ,3]lAHF6] 56"f

s!!f ;}I"D]BL V[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP 5|SFZGL JG:5lT K[P sV[SN/L4 läN/Lf

s!Zf H[,LlOX V[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP ;D]NFIG\] 5|F6L K[P sSMQ9F\l+4 5|ÒJf

s!#f XZLZ VG[S S0L H[JF B\0MG\] AG[,\] CMI T[G[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP SC[ K[P s5'Y]S'lD4 G]5}ZSf

s!$f c;F\WFJF/F p5F\UMc WZFJTF\ 5|F6LVMGM ;DFJ[X PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP ;D]NFIDF\ YFI K[P

s;\lW5FN4 ;ZL;'5f

s!5f lJCU JU"GF 5|F6LVMDF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP J'l¿ HMJF D/[ K[P sl5T'5F,G4 DFT'5F,Gf

5|`GvZ5|`GvZ5|`GvZ5|`GvZ5|`GvZ GLR[GF\ lJWFGM BZF\ K[ S[ BM8F\ T[ lJWFGGL AFH]DF\ VF5[,F\ 5[8LlRCŸGDF\ cGLR[GF\ lJWFGM BZF\ K[ S[ BM8F\ T[ lJWFGGL AFH]DF\ VF5[,F\ 5[8LlRCŸGDF\ cGLR[GF\ lJWFGM BZF\ K[ S[ BM8F\ T[ lJWFGGL AFH]DF\ VF5[,F\ 5[8LlRCŸGDF\ cGLR[GF\ lJWFGM BZF\ K[ S[ BM8F\ T[ lJWFGGL AFH]DF\ VF5[,F\ 5[8LlRCŸGDF\ cGLR[GF\ lJWFGM BZF\ K[ S[ BM8F\ T[ lJWFGGL AFH]DF\ VF5[,F\ 5[8LlRCŸGDF\ c3ccccc

S[ cS[ cS[ cS[ cS[ c7c GL lGXFGL SZL NXF"JMP HM lJWFG BM8\ ] CMI TM Z[BF\lST XaN AN,Lc GL lGXFGL SZL NXF"JMP HM lJWFG BM8\ ] CMI TM Z[BF\lST XaN AN,Lc GL lGXFGL SZL NXF"JMP HM lJWFG BM8\ ] CMI TM Z[BF\lST XaN AN,Lc GL lGXFGL SZL NXF"JMP HM lJWFG BM8\ ] CMI TM Z[BF\lST XaN AN,Lc GL lGXFGL SZL NXF"JMP HM lJWFG BM8\ ] CMI TM Z[BF\lST XaN AN,L

BM8F lJWFGGL GLR[ ;FR\] lJWFG ,BM oBM8F lJWFGGL GLR[ ;FR\] lJWFG ,BM oBM8F lJWFGGL GLR[ ;FR\] lJWFG ,BM oBM8F lJWFGGL GLR[ ;FR\] lJWFG ,BM oBM8F lJWFGGL GLR[ ;FR\] lJWFG ,BM o s_(fs_(fs_(fs_(fs_(f

s!f VlWrKNLI 5[XLGF SMQFM VFWFZS,F 5Z RM\8LG[ ZC[ K[P

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

Page 292: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

285 285 285 285 285

sZf ,FNL;D VlWrKNGF SMQFM D}+l5\0Gl,SFDF\ HMJF D/[ K[P

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

s#f T\T]38S 5[XL SFl:Y VG[ Vl:Y V[D A[ 5|SFZGL K[P

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

s$f ìN :GFI] V[ ìNIGL NLJF, DF\ VFJ[,L lJlXQ8 :GFI] 5[XL K[P

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

s5f V5]Q5L JG:5lT 5]Q5 S[ ALH WZFJTL GYLP

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

s&f DX~D V[ ,F.S[G G\] pNFCZ6 K[P

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

s*f 51FLVM NF\T WZFJ[ K[P

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

s(f JC[, V[ ;:TG JU"G\] 5|F6L K[P

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

5|`Gv#5|`Gv#5|`Gv#5|`Gv#5|`Gv# GLR[GF NZ[S 5|`GGF V[SvA[ JFSIDF\ HJFA VF5M oGLR[GF NZ[S 5|`GGF V[SvA[ JFSIDF\ HJFA VF5M oGLR[GF NZ[S 5|`GGF V[SvA[ JFSIDF\ HJFA VF5M oGLR[GF NZ[S 5|`GGF V[SvA[ JFSIDF\ HJFA VF5M oGLR[GF NZ[S 5|`GGF V[SvA[ JFSIDF\ HJFA VF5M o s!&fs!&fs!&fs!&fs!&f

s!f VlWrKNLI 5[XLGF A[ ,1F6M H6FJMP

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

sZf VZ[lBT :GFI] SIF V\UMDF\ HMJF D/[ K[ m

s!f PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP sZf PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

s#f PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP s$f PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

s#f Z]lWZGM V[S U]6 H6FJL Z]lWZSMQFMGF D]bI +6 5|SFZMGF GFD VF5MP

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

s!f PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP sZf PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP s#f PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

s$f JUL"SZ6G\] DCÀJ NXF"JTF A[ JFSIM ,BMP

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

s5f VFJ'¿ ALHWFZL VG[ VGFJ'¿ ALHWFZL JG:5lTGM V[S TOFJT VF5MP

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

s&f JU" ;lZ;'5GF A[ ,1F6M VF5MP

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

Page 293: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

286 286 286 286 286

s*f RT]Q5FN 5|JU"DF\ SIF RFZ JUM"GM ;DFJ[X YFI K[ m

s!f PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP sZf PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

s#f PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP s$f PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

s(f lJCU JU"GF RFZ pNFCZ6 VF5MP

s!f PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP sZf PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

s#f PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP s$f PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

5|`Gv$5|`Gv$5|`Gv$5|`Gv$5|`Gv$ GLR[ VF5[, lJEFUvVDF\GL JG:5lT VG[ 5|F6LVMG[ lJEFUvADF\ VF5[,GLR[ VF5[, lJEFUvVDF\GL JG:5lT VG[ 5|F6LVMG[ lJEFUvADF\ VF5[,GLR[ VF5[, lJEFUvVDF\GL JG:5lT VG[ 5|F6LVMG[ lJEFUvADF\ VF5[,GLR[ VF5[, lJEFUvVDF\GL JG:5lT VG[ 5|F6LVMG[ lJEFUvADF\ VF5[,GLR[ VF5[, lJEFUvVDF\GL JG:5lT VG[ 5|F6LVMG[ lJEFUvADF\ VF5[,

;D]NFI;D]NFI;D]NFI;D]NFI;D]NFI

;FY[ IMuI ZLT[ HM0M o;FY[ IMuI ZLT[ HM0M o;FY[ IMuI ZLT[ HM0M o;FY[ IMuI ZLT[ HM0M o;FY[ IMuI ZLT[ HM0M o s&fs&fs&fs&fs&f

lJEFUvVlJEFUvVlJEFUvVlJEFUvVlJEFUvV lJEFUvAlJEFUvAlJEFUvAlJEFUvAlJEFUvA

!P C\;ZFH !P V[SN/L

ZP DSF. ZP ,L,

#P ;UF";D #P G]5}ZS

$P J\NM $P ;:TG

5P V/l;I\] 5P Dt:I

&P RFDFRLl0I\] &P l+V\UL

*P ;\lW5FN

(P O}U

s! v f sZ v f s# v f s$ v f s5 v f s& v f

5|`Gv55|`Gv55|`Gv55|`Gv55|`Gv5 GLR[ VF5[, R[TFSMQFMGL ZRGFDF\ GFDlGN["XG SZM oGLR[ VF5[, R[TFSMQFMGL ZRGFDF\ GFDlGN["XG SZM oGLR[ VF5[, R[TFSMQFMGL ZRGFDF\ GFDlGN["XG SZM oGLR[ VF5[, R[TFSMQFMGL ZRGFDF\ GFDlGN["XG SZM oGLR[ VF5[, R[TFSMQFMGL ZRGFDF\ GFDlGN["XG SZM o s_5fs_5fs_5fs_5fs_5f

! v

Z v

# v

$ v

5 v

Page 294: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

287 287 287 287 287

5lZlXQ8v!_5lZlXQ8v!_5lZlXQ8v!_5lZlXQ8v!_5lZlXQ8v!_U]6F\SG RFJLU]6F\SG RFJLU]6F\SG RFJLU]6F\SG RFJLU]6F\SG RFJL

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LlJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LlJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LlJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8LlJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8L

GFD oGFD oGFD oGFD oGFD o S],U]6 o 5_S],U]6 o 5_S],U]6 o 5_S],U]6 o 5_S],U]6 o 5_

XF/F oXF/F oXF/F oXF/F oXF/F o

5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv!5|`Gv! SF{\;DF\YL IMuI XaN 5;\N SZL BF,L HuIF 5}ZM oSF{ \;DF\YL IMuI XaN 5;\N SZL BF,L HuIF 5}ZM oSF{ \;DF\YL IMuI XaN 5;\N SZL BF,L HuIF 5}ZM oSF{ \;DF\YL IMuI XaN 5;\N SZL BF,L HuIF 5}ZM oSF{ \;DF\YL IMuI XaN 5;\N SZL BF,L HuIF 5}ZM o s!5fs!5fs!5fs!5fs!5f

s!f VlWrKNLI 5[XL PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP G\] SFI" SZ[ K[P sVFrKFNGVFrKFNGVFrKFNGVFrKFNGVFrKFNG4 HM0F6f

sZf 51D, VlWrKNDF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP GF ;TT C,GR,GG[ ,LW[ 5|JFC ;HF"I K[P

sSMQFM4 51DM51DM51DM51DM51DMf

s#f S\SF, ;\IMHS 5[XL 5'Q9J\XL 5|F6LVMDF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPGL ZRGF SZ[ K[P

sAFæS\SF,4 V\ToS\SF,V\ToS\SF,V\ToS\SF,V\ToS\SF,V\ToS\SF,f

s$f GFSG\] 8[ZJ\] VG[ S6"5<,J PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP GF pNFCZ6 K[P sSFl:YSFl:YSFl:YSFl:YSFl:Y4 Vl:Yf

s5f Z]lWZSMQFM PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP DF\ D]ST TZTF ZC[ K[P sSMQFZ;4 Z]lWZZ;Z]lWZZ;Z]lWZZ;Z]lWZZ;Z]lWZZ;f

s&f R[TF5[XLGM A\WFZ6LI V[SD PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP K[P sR[TFSMQFR[TFSMQFR[TFSMQFR[TFSMQFR[TFSMQF4 R[TFT\T]f

s*f DFGJLG\] J{7FlGS GFD PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP K[P sCMDM ;[l5Ig;CMDM ;[l5Ig;CMDM ;[l5Ig;CMDM ;[l5Ig;CMDM ;[l5Ig;4 lhIF D[.hf

s(f O}UGF ;}SFIG[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP SC[ K[P sSJSHF/SJSHF/SJSHF/SJSHF/SJSHF/4 SJS;}+f

s)f VGFJ'T ALHWFZL JG:5lT PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP 5]Q5M WZFJ[ K[P s éEIl,\UL4 V[Sl,\ULV[Sl,\ULV[Sl,\ULV[Sl,\ULV[Sl,\ULf

s!_f DCFALHF6] PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP 5Z WFZ6 YFI K[P sDCFlAHF6] 56"DCFlAHF6] 56"DCFlAHF6] 56"DCFlAHF6] 56"DCFlAHF6] 56"4 ,3]lAHF6] 56"f

s!!f ;}I"D]BL V[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP 5|SFZGL JG:5lT K[P sV[SN/L4 läN/LläN/LläN/LläN/LläN/Lf

s!Zf H[,LlOX V[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP ;D]NFIG\] 5|F6L K[P sSMQ9F\l+SMQ9F\l+SMQ9F\l+SMQ9F\l+SMQ9F\l+4 5|ÒJf

s!#f XZLZ VG[S S0L H[JF B\0MG\] AG[,\] CMI T[G[ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP SC[ K[P s5'Y]S'lD4 G]5}ZSG]5}ZSG]5}ZSG]5}ZSG]5}ZSf

s!$f c;F\WFJF/F p5F\UMc WZFJTF\ 5|F6LVMGM ;DFJ[X PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP ;D]NFIDF\ YFI K[P

s;\lW5FN;\lW5FN;\lW5FN;\lW5FN;\lW5FN4 ;ZL;'5f

s!5f lJCU JU"GF 5|F6LVMDF\ PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP J'l¿ HMJF D/[ K[P sl5T'5F,Gsl5T'5F,Gsl5T'5F,Gsl5T'5F,Gsl5T'5F,G4 DFT'5F,Gf

5|`GvZ5|`GvZ5|`GvZ5|`GvZ5|`GvZ GLR[GF\ lJWFGM BZF\ K[ S[ BM8F\ T[ lJWFGGL AFH]DF\ VF5[,F\ 5[8LlRCŸGDF\ cGLR[GF\ lJWFGM BZF\ K[ S[ BM8F\ T[ lJWFGGL AFH]DF\ VF5[,F\ 5[8LlRCŸGDF\ cGLR[GF\ lJWFGM BZF\ K[ S[ BM8F\ T[ lJWFGGL AFH]DF\ VF5[,F\ 5[8LlRCŸGDF\ cGLR[GF\ lJWFGM BZF\ K[ S[ BM8F\ T[ lJWFGGL AFH]DF\ VF5[,F\ 5[8LlRCŸGDF\ cGLR[GF\ lJWFGM BZF\ K[ S[ BM8F\ T[ lJWFGGL AFH]DF\ VF5[,F\ 5[8LlRCŸGDF\ c3ccccc

S[ cS[ cS[ cS[ cS[ c7c GL lGXFGL SZL NXF"JMP HM lJWFG BM8\ ] CMI TM Z[BF\lST XaN AN,Lc GL lGXFGL SZL NXF"JMP HM lJWFG BM8\ ] CMI TM Z[BF\lST XaN AN,Lc GL lGXFGL SZL NXF"JMP HM lJWFG BM8\ ] CMI TM Z[BF\lST XaN AN,Lc GL lGXFGL SZL NXF"JMP HM lJWFG BM8\ ] CMI TM Z[BF\lST XaN AN,Lc GL lGXFGL SZL NXF"JMP HM lJWFG BM8\ ] CMI TM Z[BF\lST XaN AN,L

BM8F lJWFGGL GLR[ ;FR\] lJWFG ,BM oBM8F lJWFGGL GLR[ ;FR\] lJWFG ,BM oBM8F lJWFGGL GLR[ ;FR\] lJWFG ,BM oBM8F lJWFGGL GLR[ ;FR\] lJWFG ,BM oBM8F lJWFGGL GLR[ ;FR\] lJWFG ,BM o s_(fs_(fs_(fs_(fs_(f

s!f VlWrKNLI 5[XLGF SMQFM VFWFZS,F 5Z RM\8LG[ ZC[ K[P

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

3

Page 295: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

288 288 288 288 288

51D, VlWrKNGF SMQFM D}+l5\0Gl,SFDF\ HMJF D/[ K[P7

S\SF, ;\IMHS 5[XLGF SFl:Y VG[ Vl:Y V[D A[ 5|SFZ K[P7

3

3

7DX~D V[ O}UG\] pNFCZ6 K[P

7

51FLVM RF\R WZFJ[ K[P

3

v 5[XLGL ZRGFDF\ SMQFM DM8L ;\bIFDF\ CMI K[P

v SMQFM V[SND GÒSvGÒS VG[ V[SALHFGF ;\5S"DF\ ZCLG[ UM9JFI K[P VF\TZSMQFLI

VJSFX WZFJTF\ GYLP

sZf ,FNL;D VlWrKNGF SMQFM D}+l5\0Gl,SFDF\ HMJF D/[ K[P

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

s#f T\T]38S 5[XL SFl:Y VG[ Vl:Y V[D A[ 5|SFZGL K[P

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

s$f ìN :GFI] V[ ìNIGL NLJF, DF\ VFJ[,L lJlXQ8 :GFI] 5[XL K[P

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

s5f V5]Q5L JG:5lT 5]Q5 S[ ALH WZFJTL GYLP

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

s&f DX~D V[ ,F.S[G G\] pNFCZ6 K[P

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

s*f 51FLVM NF\T WZFJ[ K[P

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

s(f JC[, V[ ;:TG JU"G\] 5|F6L K[P

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

5|`Gv#5|`Gv#5|`Gv#5|`Gv#5|`Gv# GLR[GF NZ[S 5|`GGF V[SvA[ JFSIDF\ HJFA VF5M oGLR[GF NZ[S 5|`GGF V[SvA[ JFSIDF\ HJFA VF5M oGLR[GF NZ[S 5|`GGF V[SvA[ JFSIDF\ HJFA VF5M oGLR[GF NZ[S 5|`GGF V[SvA[ JFSIDF\ HJFA VF5M oGLR[GF NZ[S 5|`GGF V[SvA[ JFSIDF\ HJFA VF5M o s!&fs!&fs!&fs!&fs!&f

s!f VlWrKNLI 5[XLGF A[ ,1F6M H6FJMP

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

sZf VZ[lBT :GFI] SIF V\UMDF\ HMJF D/[ K[ m

s!f PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP sZf PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

s#f PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP s$f PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

s#f Z]lWZGM V[S U]6 H6FJL Z]lWZSMQFMGF D]bI +6 5|SFZMGF GFD VF5MP

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

s!f PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP sZf PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP s#f PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

s$f JUL"SZ6G\] DCÀJ NXF"JTF A[ JFSIM ,BMP

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

H9Z VF\TZ0F\

O[O;F\ D}+FXI

Z]lWZ JCL HJFGM U]6 WZFJ[ K[P

ZSTS6M `J[TS6M +FSS6M

v JUL"SZ6GL DNNYL ;ÒJMGF 5FZ:5lZS ;\A\WM V\U[GL HF6SFZL 5|F%T YFI K[P

v JUL"SZ6YL lJlJW 5|SFZGF ;ÒJMGM VeIF; ;Z/TFYL Y. XS[ K[P

Page 296: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

289 289 289 289 289

s5f VFJ'¿ ALHWFZL VG[ VGFJ'¿ ALHWFZL JG:5lTGM V[S TOFJT VF5MP

VFJ'T ALHWFZL VGFJ'T ALHWFZL

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

s&f JU" ;lZ;'5GF A[ ,1F6M VF5MP

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

s*f RT]Q5FN 5|JU"DF\ SIF RFZ JUM"GM ;DFJ[X YFI K[ m

s!f PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP sZf PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

s#f PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP s$f PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

s(f lJCU JU"GF RFZ pNFCZ6 VF5MP

s!f PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP sZf PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

s#f PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP s$f PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

5|`Gv$5|`Gv$5|`Gv$5|`Gv$5|`Gv$ GLR[ VF5[, lJEFUvVDF\GL JG:5lT VG[ 5|F6LVMG[ lJEFUvADF\ VF5[,GLR[ VF5[, lJEFUvVDF\GL JG:5lT VG[ 5|F6LVMG[ lJEFUvADF\ VF5[,GLR[ VF5[, lJEFUvVDF\GL JG:5lT VG[ 5|F6LVMG[ lJEFUvADF\ VF5[,GLR[ VF5[, lJEFUvVDF\GL JG:5lT VG[ 5|F6LVMG[ lJEFUvADF\ VF5[,GLR[ VF5[, lJEFUvVDF\GL JG:5lT VG[ 5|F6LVMG[ lJEFUvADF\ VF5[,

;D]NFI;D]NFI;D]NFI;D]NFI;D]NFI

;FY[ IMuI ZLT[ HM0M o;FY[ IMuI ZLT[ HM0M o;FY[ IMuI ZLT[ HM0M o;FY[ IMuI ZLT[ HM0M o;FY[ IMuI ZLT[ HM0M o s&fs&fs&fs&fs&f

lJEFUvVlJEFUvVlJEFUvVlJEFUvVlJEFUvV lJEFUvAlJEFUvAlJEFUvAlJEFUvAlJEFUvA

!P C\;ZFH !P V[SN/L

ZP DSF. ZP ,L,

#P ;UF";D #P G]5}ZS

$P J\NM $P ;:TG

5P V/l;I\] 5P Dt:I

&P RFDFRLl0I\] &P l+V\UL

*P ;\lW5FN

(P O}U

s! v &f sZ v !f s# v Zf s$ v *f s5 v #f s& v $f

!P O/ ;HFI" K[P

ZP 5ZFUGIG 5JG äFZF

YFI K[P

!P O/ ;HF"TF GYLP

ZP 5ZFUGIG 5JG4 SL8SM

TYF 51FLVM äFZF YFI K[P

v RFD0L ;}SL CMI K[4 XZLZ[ EÄU0F\ CMI K[P

v V;DTF5L 5|F6LVM K[P

éEIÒJL ;lZ;'5

lJCU ;:TG

5M58 DMZ

RS,L SA}TZ

Page 297: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

290 290 290 290 290

5|`Gv55|`Gv55|`Gv55|`Gv55|`Gv5 GLR[ VF5[, R[TFSMQFMGL ZRGFDF\ GFDlGN["XG SZM oGLR[ VF5[, R[TFSMQFMGL ZRGFDF\ GFDlGN["XG SZM oGLR[ VF5[, R[TFSMQFMGL ZRGFDF\ GFDlGN["XG SZM oGLR[ VF5[, R[TFSMQFMGL ZRGFDF\ GFDlGN["XG SZM oGLR[ VF5[, R[TFSMQFMGL ZRGFDF\ GFDlGN["XG SZM o s_5fs_5fs_5fs_5fs_5f

! v lXBFT\T]

Z v SMQFS[gã

# v SMQFZ;

$ v Z[lgJIZGL UF\9

5 v R[TF1F

Page 298: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

291 291 291 291 291

5lZlXQ8v!!5lZlXQ8v!!5lZlXQ8v!!5lZlXQ8v!!5lZlXQ8v!!5|IMU AFN lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8L5|IMU AFN lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8L5|IMU AFN lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8L5|IMU AFN lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8L5|IMU AFN lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH l;lâ S;M8L

5Z S]DFZMV[ D[/J[,F 5|F%TF\SM5Z S]DFZMV[ D[/J[,F 5|F%TF\SM5Z S]DFZMV[ D[/J[,F 5|F%TF\SM5Z S]DFZMV[ D[/J[,F 5|F%TF\SM5Z S]DFZMV[ D[/J[,F 5|F%TF\SM

S |DS |DS |DS |DS |D CAISFI"S |DSFI"S |DSFI"S |DSFI"S |DSFI"S |D

JS"SF0 "JS"SF0 "JS"SF0 "JS"SF0 "JS"SF0 " H }YH }YH }YH }YH }YVwIF5GVwIF5GVwIF5GVwIF5GVwIF5G

jIFbIFGjIFbIFGjIFbIFGjIFbIFGjIFbIFG

! #5 Z$ !& !$

Z #$ #! Z# !$

# #( #! ZZ !)

$ ## Z( #_ !(

5 #( Z& $_ !5

& #$ Z5 Z* Z5

* Z( Z5 Z( !!

( ## Z) #! Z&

) #) #! Z$ Z(

!_ #* ## Z_ !5

!! #) #5 Z( !)

!Z #& #& $_ !(

!# #Z #! Z5 !(

!$ #$ #$ Z_ ZZ

!5 #5 Z5 Z& Z5

!& #_ Z# Z$ Z*

!* Z5 #_ Z5 !5

!( #_ #Z #5 ZZ

!) #Z #$ Z$ !(

Z_ #5 #Z $Z !)

Z! #_ #& !5 Z*

ZZ #_ #* !Z !$

Z# #$ #! #( !!

Z$ #5 Z! #Z Z5

Z5 #( ZZ #& !!

Page 299: Saurashtra University · This thesis directed and supervised by candidate's guide, has been accepted by Smt. J.J. Kundaliya Graduate Teacher's College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot

292 292 292 292 292

5|IMUGF 5]GZFJT"G AFN lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH5|IMUGF 5]GZFJT"G AFN lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH5|IMUGF 5]GZFJT"G AFN lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH5|IMUGF 5]GZFJT"G AFN lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lH5|IMUGF 5]GZFJT"G AFN lJ7FG VG[ 8[SŸGM,lHl;lâ S;M8L 5Z SgIFVMV[ D[/J[,F 5|F%TF\SMl;lâ S;M8L 5Z SgIFVMV[ D[/J[,F 5|F%TF\SMl;lâ S;M8L 5Z SgIFVMV[ D[/J[,F 5|F%TF\SMl;lâ S;M8L 5Z SgIFVMV[ D[/J[,F 5|F%TF\SMl;lâ S;M8L 5Z SgIFVMV[ D[/J[,F 5|F%TF\SM

S |DS |DS |DS |DS |D CAISFI"S |DSFI"S |DSFI"S |DSFI"S |DSFI"S |D

JS"SF0 "JS"SF0 "JS"SF0 "JS"SF0 "JS"SF0 " H }YH }YH }YH }YH }YVwIF5GVwIF5GVwIF5GVwIF5GVwIF5G

jIFbIFGjIFbIFGjIFbIFGjIFbIFGjIFbIFG

! $_ Z( Z$ Z$

Z #& #_ #! !$

# #5 ## Z* Z)

$ #$ #) Z# !Z

5 #( #_ Z& Z5

& ## #) Z# !*

* #) #_ Z) !&

( ## #* Z) !&

) #) #( #* Z*

!_ #$ #& Z( !$

!! #& #) ## ZZ

!Z #_ #( #5 !$

!# #( #$ !_ !$

!$ #) #5 Z_ !(

!5 #5 #) Z! Z*

!& ## #5 !# !&

!* #5 Z$ Z5 Z&

!( ## Z! _& _)

!) #& ## Z( Z5

Z_ #5 !5 !) !&

Z! #* ZZ Z5 !*

ZZ #5 ZZ Z) Z!

Z# #$ Z$ Z! !&

Z$ #* #Z !& Z_

Z5 ## Z! #* !5