11ss{IkvXh PohnXw k`bnepw

kaql¯nepwkotdm ae_mÀ k`bpsS hnizmk ]cnioe\ ]mTmhen

c£b

psS

]m

Xb

nÂ

þ11

DÅS¡w1. c£-I-\mb Cutim2. Ncn-{X-]p-cp-j-\mb Cutim3. Cutim-bpsS hyàn-Xz-¯nsâ khn-ti-j-X-

IÄ4. {InkvXob hyàn-Xz-¯n hf-cm³5. {InkvXob hyàn-Xz-¯nsâ khn-ti-j-X-IÄ6. {InkvXob a\-km£n7. Pohsâ aqeyhpw al-Xzhpw8. kvt\ln-¡m\pw Poh³ \ÂIm\pw9. k¼¯pw kmaq-ln-I-\o-Xnbpw10.A²zm-\-¯nsâ amlmßyw11.kmaq-ln-I-Xn³a-IÄs¡-Xnsc {InkvXob

{]Xn-_-²X12.`qan-bpsS D¸pw temI-¯nsâ {]Im-

ihpw

k¼¯pw kmaq-ln-I-\o-Xnbpw

A²ymbw H¼Xv

ka-{KX tXSp¶ a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-¯n k¼-¯nsâ Øm\hpw kmwK-Xyhpw GXp hn[-¯n-em-sW¶v \mw {Kln-¨n-cn-t¡- -Xm-Wv. k¼-¯ns\ \ncm-I-cn-¡p-¶tXm k¼-¯n {]Xymi sh¡p-¶tXm Aà icn-bmb \ne-]m-Sv, adn¨v k¼-¯ns\ \oXn-]qÀÆw hn\n-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv.

1.k¼¯v ssZ-hZ-m-\w 2.\½Ä k¼-¯nsâ Imcy-ØÀ 3.k¼-¯n-\pÅ Ah-Imiw 4.k¼-¯nsâ k-¼m-Z\w 5.A\ym-b-amb [\-k-¼m-Z\w 6.k¼-¯nsâ hn\n-tbmKw 7.ssZh-¯n-\p-ÅXpw kok-dn-\p-ÅXpw 8.k`-bpsS kmaq-lnI {]t_m-[-\-§Ä

k¼¯v ssZ-hZ-m-\w ""IÀ¯mhmWv Fsâ CS-b³, F\n-s¡m-¶n\

pw Ipd-hp- m-hp-I-bnÃ''-ssZ-hm-{i-b-¯n Ign-bp-¶-hs\ ssZhw kar-²-ambn A\p-{K-ln-¡p-¶p.

k¼¯v Xsâbpw aäp-Å-h-cp-sSbpw \·-¡mb \ÂIn-bn-cn-¡p¶ Zm\-am-sW¶v Xncn-¨-dn-bm³ hnth-In-bmb a\p-jyt\ Ign-bp-I-bpÅq. [\-¯n Al-¦-cn-¡p-¶hÀ \mi-¯n \n]-Xn-¡pw.

\½Ä k¼-¯nsâ Imcy-ØÀ k¼¯v \½psS kz´-aà ssZhw \ÂInb k¼-

¯nsâ Imcy-ØÀ am{X-amWp \mw. \½Ä Hcn-¡epw k¼-¯nsâ ASn-a-bm-I-

cp-Xv. k¼-¯ns\ \mw btYm-NnX-w ssIImcyw sN¿p-Ibpw D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-Ibpw thWw.

k¼-¯n-\pÅ Ah-Imiw FÃm a\p-jyÀ¡pw k¼-¯n-\pÅ Ah-Im-i-

ap- v. F¶m Cu Ah-Imiw Hcn-¡epw A\ysâ Ah-Im-i-¯n-epÅ ssII-S-¯tem A\ysâ Ah-Im-i-¯nsâ \ntj-[n-¡tem BIm³ ]mSn-Ã.

[\-k-¼m-Z\w Hcn-¡epw kmaq-ly-\o-Xn¡p hncp-²-am-Im\pw ]mSnà F¶-XmWv k`-bpsS {]t_m-[-\w.

k¼-¯nsâ k-¼m-Z\w Pohn-X-hn-P-b-¯n\v k¼¯v Hcp Bh-iy-

L-S-I-am-Wv. F¶m FÃmw Zm\-ambn \ÂIp¶ ssZhs¯

ad¶p \mw {]hÀ¯n-¡-cp-Xv. k¼¯v t\Sm³ Ahn-Sp-¶mWv \n§Ä¡v

iàn-X-cp-¶Xv.

k¼-¯nsâ hn\n-tbmKw ssZh-¯n \n¶v k¼¯p kzoI-cn¨ hyàn

AXv A]-c-\p-ambn ]¦p-h-bv¡m\pw a\Êp ImWn-¡-Ww.

A[zm-\n-¨p- m-¡p¶ ]Ww hnth-I-t¯msS sNe-h-gn-¡m³ {i²n-¡-Ww. [qÀ¯pw ep_v[pw Hcp-t]mse Hgn-hm-t¡- -

Xn-·-I-fmWv.

A\ym-b-amb [\-k-¼m-Z\w k¼¯v ssZhn-I-Zm-\-am-sW-¦nepw A\

ym-b-ambn k¼m-Zn-¡p¶ [\w ssZh-Zm-\-am-sW¶p Icp-Xp-¶Xv icn-b-Ã.

ssZh-¯n\p \nc-¡m-¯ -co-Xn-bn [\w k¼m-Zn-¡p-¶Xpw hn\n-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶Xpw sXäm-sW¶v hN-\-§Ä \s½ ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶p.

A[zm-\n-¡msX ]Ww k¼m-Zn-¡m-sa¶p Nn´n-¡p-¶Xpw sXäm-Wv.

FÃm-hÀ¡pw Bh-iy-¯n-\p-ÅXv Cu temI-¯p v

""Nqj-W-¯n B{i-bn-¡-cp-Xv, IhÀ¨-bn hyÀ°-ambn Bi -h-bv¡-cp-Xv. k¼¯p hÀ²n¨m AXn a\-Êp-h-bv¡-cp-Xv.

k¼¯nsâ hn\ntbmKw alm-\mb hn.-t_-kn ]d-bp¶p: ""\n§-

fpsS Ae-am-c-bn \n§Ä kq£n-¨n-cn-¡p¶ A¸w \n§-fp-tS-X-Ã, AXv hni-¡p-¶-h-cp-tS-Xm-Wv. \n§-fpsS Ae-am-c-bn \n§Ä kq£n-¨n-cn-¡p¶ hkv{X-§Ä \n§-fp-tS-X-Ã, AXv \áÀ¡v Ah-Im-i-s¸-«-XmWv'' Cu t_m[y-t¯msS \½psS k¼¯v ]mh-s¸-«-h-cp-ambn ]¦p-h-bv¡p-hm³ \ap¡p Ign-b-Ww.

ssZh-¯n-\p-ÅXpw kok-dn-\p-ÅXpw

ssZh-¯n-\p-ÅXpw kok-dn-\p-ÅXpw aSn-Iq-SmsX \ÂI-W-sa¶v Cutim ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶p- v.

ssZh-¯n-\pw cmjv{S-¯n\pw DX-Ip¶ hyàn-I-fmbn amtd- -h-cmWv ss{IkvX-hÀ.

AXn-\m X§Ä¡pÅ k¼-¯n \n¶v \ÂtI \nIp-Xn-IÄ IrXy-ambn sImSp-t¡- -Xp- v.

k`-bpsS kmaq-lnI {]t_m-[-\-§Ä

1. tdcpw s\mhmcpw: 1891 sabv 15-þ\v setbm ]Xn-aq-¶m-a³ ]m¸m ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn¨ Nm{Io-I -te-J-\-am-Wn-Xv. sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-]-{XnI F¶pw kmaq-lnI {Ia-¯nsâ amám-ImÀ«m F¶pw CX-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶p.

2. Izms{Z-tP-kntam At¶m: tdcpw s\mhmcpw Fgp-Xn-b-Xnsâ 40-þmw hÀj-¯n ]Xn-s\m¶mw ]obq-kv amÀ]m¸ ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn¨ Nm{In-I -te-J-\-am-Wn-Xv. 1931 sabv 15-þ\v {]kn-²o-I-cn¨ Cu tcJ-bn kmaq-ln-I -{]-iv\-§Ä¡pÅ ss{IkvXh ]cn-lmcw \nÀt±-in-¡p-¶p.

3. amXmhpw Kpcp-\m-Ybpw (am-¯À F¯v aPn-kv{X): 1961 sabv 15-þ\v tPm¬ Ccp-]-¯n-aq-¶m-a³ ]m¸ ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn¨ Cu Nm{In-I-te-J-\-¯n ImÀjnI hr¯nbpw hnI-kzc cmPy-§fpw F¶-XmWv {][m\ NÀ¨m-hn-jbw

4. `qan-bn kam-[m\w (]m¨w C³ tXdo-kv):

1963 G{]n 11-þmw XobXn tPm¬ 23-þm-a³ amÀ]m¸ Cu Nm{InI teJ\w ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¨p. `qan-bn kam-[m\w Øm]n-¡m\pw \ne-\nÀ¯m\pw hyàn-Ifpw cmjv{S-§fpw \nd-th-tä IS-a-Ifpw AwKo-I-cn¨p \ÂtI Ah-Im-i-§-fp-amWv CXnse {][m-\- {]-Xn-]m-Zyw.

5. P\-X-I-fpsS ]ptcm-KXn (t]m-¸p-tfmcpw t{]m{K-kn-tbm):

t]mÄ Bdm-a³ ]m¸ 1967 amÀ¨v 26-þ\v ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn¨ Cu Nm{In-I-te-J\w k¼-¶-cm-jv{S-§fpw Zcn-{Z-cm--jv{S-§fpw X½n k¼¯p ]¦n-Sp-¶Xn-sâ-{]m-[m-\y-amWv {]ta-bam¡nbn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.

6. kmaq-lnI HuÕpIyw (skm-fn-¨n-¯q-Xns\ t\mkv{X) :

tPm¬ t]mÄ c m-a³ ]m¸ 1987 Unkw-_À 30-þ\v ]pd-¯n-d-¡nb Cu Nm{In-I- te-Jw kmaq-lnI {]iv\-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v k`bv¡pÅ HuÕpIyw {]I-S-am-¡p-¶p.

7. \qdmw hÀjw (sN-t´-kvaqkv A¶q-kv): tdcpw s\mhm-cq ansâ \qdmw hmÀjnIw {]am-Wn¨v 1991 sabv 1þmw Xob-Xn-bmWv tPm¬t]mÄ c m-a³ amÀ]m¸ Cu N{In-I-te-J\w ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¨-Xv.

Pohn-X-¯nsâ \ne-\n¸n\pw, hfÀ¨bv¡pw, Hcp-hs\ klm-bn-¡p¶ ssZ-Zm-\-amWv k¼-¯v. \½p-sSbpw aäp-Å-h-cp-sSbpw \·-bv¡p-th n Zhw Xsâ k¼¯v \s½ `c-ta¸n-¨p. Cu k¼-¯nsâ hn\n-tbmKw ssZh-¯n\p {]oXnIc-amb hn[-¯n-em-bn-cn-¡Ww \mw \S-t¯- -Xv. At¸m-gmWv ssZh-Zm-\-amb k¼-¯nsâ hnizkvX Imcy-Ø-cmbn \mw Xocp-¶-Xv.

ssZhhN\w hmbn¡mw( eq¡m. 12:13þ21)

Thank you