telugu script book | sarvabhashin

7/27/2019 Telugu Script Book | sarvabhashin

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telu

Telugu

sarvabhshin


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Script


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The Telugu letters and words described in this book are each

accompanied by a pronunciation key in the International

Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Please refer to these IPA keys for the

exact pronunciation of a Telugu letter or word.

The IPA is a scientific notation used for accurately transcribing

the sounds of most human languages. More about the IPA can

be found at http://www.yorku.ca/earmstro/ipa/ and

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipa .

The similarities described in this book between the

pronunciations of Telugu letters and corresponding English

letters are onlyguidelines and should be considered as such.
http://www.yorku.ca/earmstro/ipa/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipahttp://www.yorku.ca/earmstro/ipa/


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4

k

This letter has a sound similar to

k in skip
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g in go


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These are the letters weve just seen

k


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p


p in speak


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b


b in bat


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These are the letters weve seen so far

k

p b


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tch in catch


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dge in badge


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These are the letters weve seen so far

k

p b

The sounds of these letters are all called consonants


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Heres a vowel sound

This vowel sounds similar to

u in cut


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Look at these letters

k

p b

The sounds of these letters are made up of a consonantanda vowel

Notice how the letters look slightly different from their original shape?


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In short

k

- =

k

p p

b b


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Heres another vowel

iThis vowelsounds similar to

i in pin

This vowel has a special sign of its own


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Now look at these combo letters,

each having the sound of a consonant plus a vowel

ki i

pi bi

i i

Again, notice the difference from the original shape of the basic letter?


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In short

k

- + =

ki

i

p pi

b bi

i

i


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And another vowel

uThis vowel sounds similar to

u in bull

This vowel, too, has a special sign of its own


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And some new combo letters,

with their shape slightly changed from the original

ku u

pu bu

u u


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And again, in short

k

- + =

ku

u

p pu

b bu

u

u

Get the idea?!


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Notice the slightly different shapes of these letters,

compared to the others

pu

u


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These are all the various basic and combo letters weve seen thus far

k k ki ku

i u

p p pi pu

b b bi bu

i u

i u


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These letters look somewhat similar

i u

b b bi bu


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When two letters come one after the other

and the first one has no vowel sound,

that is, it is aletter,

then the second letter is written in a mini version

below the first one

k k

+

=

p i pi

+ =

bu bu

+ =

b b

+ =


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Note that in such cases,

any vowel or other signs originally belonging to the second letter

are written attached to the firstletter

k k

+ = p i pi

+ = bu bu

+ = b b

+ = Its as if the first and the second letter together

form a new joint letter


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Here are the mini versions

of all the letters weve seen so far

When the second letter has no vowel

+

k

=

k

p p

b b


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When the second letter has the vowel

+

k

=

k

p p

b b


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When the second letter has the vowel i

+

ki

=

ki

i i

pi pi

bi bi

i i

i i


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And when the second letter has the vowel u

+

ku

=

ku

u u

pu pu

bu bu

u u

u u


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To sum up, the mini versions are special forms

that appear after a letter having

These mini versions can occur in the middle or at the end of a word,

but never at the beginning


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j


y in yo-yo


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r


r in Italian Roma

This is a rolled /r/, as in Spanish or Italian


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l


l in lad


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j r

l


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This is how these letters look, when the sound is added

j r

l


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This is how these letters look, when the i sound is added

ji ri

li i


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Notice the slightly different shapes of these letters,


ji

ri


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Not much between these two

li

i


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This is how these letters look, when the u sound is added

ju ru

lu u


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Notice the slightly different shape of this letter,


u


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These are all the various basic and combo letters

weve just seen

j j ji ju

r r ri ru

l l li lu

i u


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These letters look very similar

p p pi pu

i u


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These combo letters look somewhat similar

j ju

Remember thatju has an extra curl at the end


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of the letters weve just seen


+

j

=

j

r r

l l


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+

j

=

j

r r

l l


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+

ji

=

ji

ri ri

li li

i i


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+

ju

=

ju

ru ru

lu lu

u u


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Note that most of the mini versions weve just seen

look quite different from their full versions

j

r

l


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These two mini versions

look like mirror images of each other

k

j


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These mini versions look somewhat similar

p


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These are some actual Telugu words

Can you read them?


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Here are their pronunciations and meanings

juk1 ri bbu

youth (adjective) church stink, stench

blli urru ui

lizard snore, growl White Fig, ficus virens

puu bir1

flower loudly

prirj1 kukkpll1

service puppy

Some pronunciation keys above have been marked with a superscript 1

In these keys,

is a short or lazily pronounced version ofand is a short or lazily pronounced version ofi

For now, just assume

=

= i


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s


s in sit


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sh in ship

Some people pronounce this letter similar to

s in sit


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h in hat


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s


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This is how these basic letters are modified

to make the combo letters for , i and u

s

si i i

su u u


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weve just seen

s s si su

i u

i u


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p p pi pu

s s si su

i u


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These sets of letters look particularly similar

p p pi pu

i u

Notice the difference in shapes

between pu and u though

pu u


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+

s

=

s


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+s

=

s


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+si

=

si

i i

i i


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+su

=

su

u u

u u


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Some actual Telugu words with these letters weve just seen


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How many correct?

sri i

OK, all right moon

iuu kku

infant right, privilege

iri rs

Hijri, the Islamic calendar short

siri ups

shy disgust

1 is a short or lazily pronounced version ofu

For now, just assume = u


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n


n in tenth

To pronounce this letter, the tip of your tongue

touches the back of your front teeth


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m


m in mother


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These are the basic letters

weve just seen

n m


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n m

n i mi

n u mu


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weve just seen

n n n i n u

m m mi mu


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These sets of letters look very similar

s s si su

n n n i n u

As do these

i u

m m mi mu

Notice the difference in shapes

between u and mu though


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All these look somewhat similar

p p pi pu

i u

i u

m m mi mu


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+

n =

n

m m


+n

=

n

m m


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+n i

=

n i

mi mi


+n u

=

n u

mu mu


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Note that most of the mini versions weve just seen

look quite different from their full versions

n

m


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Some Telugu words with these letters weve just seen


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Heres how you pronounce them, and what they mean

mn mu mn su

we (including listener) mind

pn n u in n i

tooth tiny

brm rmmu

Brahma, a Hindu god skin

miksr pun rn m

mixer, blender rebirth

ukrrmu bn mu

Venus (planet) plural


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Remember the mini version rule? Lets extend it slightly.

When two or more letters come one after the other

and all before the lasthave no vowel sound,

that is, they are allletters,

then all letters after the first one

are written in their respective mini versions

below the first one

l k j lkj

+ + = i i

+

+

=

m b ru mbru

+ + = m p s mps

+ + =


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Again, remember that

any vowel or other signs originally belonging to the lastletter

are written attached to the firstletter

l k j lkj

+ + = i i

+ + = m b ru mbru

+ + = m p s mps

+ + =

So, all these letters in question together

form a new joint letter


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Heres a new vowel, along with its sign

e


e in pen


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each having the sound of a consonant plus the e vowel

ke e

pe be

e e

je re


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And some more combo letters, with this new vowel

le e

se e

e

n e me


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Dont get confused between and

ke k e

pe p be b

e e

je j re r

le l e

se s e

n e n me m

e

The two signs face in opposite directions!


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Heres a few words with our new vowel


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And heres how you say them, and what they mean

rekk erri

wing centipede

kn n e kupp

maiden bottle

eu pue

increase skull

rise elu

granary holiday

jemen bellmu

Yemen, an Arab country jaggery


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Heres another vowel, along with its sign

o


o in or

but shorter in length


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each having the sound of a consonant plus the o vowel

ko o

po bo

o o

jo ro


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And some more combo letters, with this new vowel

lo o

so o

o

n o mo


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Some letters have a rebellious streak in them,

refusing to conform to the mainstream

On these letters, the sign for o

is made up of the sign for e

plus the sign for u

jo

mo


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In other words

ju je jo

mu me mo


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Others are masters of camouflage

p po

o

s so

n n o

Look for patterns in the shapes

of these various combo letters


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And some new words with our new vowel


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Here are their pronunciations and meanings

mokk jokk

shoot, young plant of

pojji ojji

hearth pit, ditch

ou on n

enter millet

n oppi sobu

pain beauty

kobbri ojlu

copra grace


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t


t in Spanish toro




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d


d in Spanish diez




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weve just seen

t d


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t d

t i d i

tu d u


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to make the combo letters for e and o

te d e

to d o


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weve just seen

t t t i tu te to

d d d i d u d e d o

Notice the slightly different shape of

d i


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Lets just take the simplest example


+

t

=

t

d d

Note that the mini version oft

Looks quite different from its full version

t


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Can you read these Telugu words?


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Howd you fare?

di ped d

direction big

d on n e telu

plate made of dry leaves Telugu

d u itt mu

study, reading mind

toru bd mu

red, scarlet noise, sound

mutjmu jkt i

pearl person


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t in ash tray


curls right back and touches the roof of your mouth


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d in rushed




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Sometimes, this letter also has a sound similar to

tt in the American pronunciation ofbetter

dd in the American pronunciation ofladder

r in Spanishpero

but with the tongue curled further back

and flapping against the roof of the mouth

This particular sound occurs

only when the letter appears in certain positions in a word,

and will be marked as such in the pronunciation key


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weve just seen


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i i

u u


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e e

o o


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weve just seen

i u e o

i u e o


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+

=


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These sets of letters look similar

d d d i d u d e d o

i u e o

Watch out for d i andi

Their mini versions too are similar

d


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And some Telugu words with these new letters


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All correct?

ekk pu

hoof anthill

oll bi

hollow child

t u re

measles ladle

pu t i

fall moisture

moim med u

pimple, acne brain


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Remember this letter?

k

The letter below is pronounced just like the one above,

except that the letter below is pronounced with a little puff of air

kh

It has a sound similar to

ck-h in brick-house


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ggh in egghead


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p



p


ph in uphold


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b



b


bh in clubhouse


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ch-h in church-house


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dgeh in badgeholder


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These are the basic letters weve just seen

kh

p b


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to make the combo letters for

kh

p b


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to make the combo letters for i

khi i

pi bi

i i


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to make the combo letters for u

khu u

pu bu

u


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to make the combo letters for e

khe e

pe be

e e


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to make the combo letters for o

kho o

po bo

o o


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weve just seen

kh kh kh i khu khe kho

i u e o

p p pi pu pe po

b b bi bu be bo

And the list goes on


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And

i u e o

i

u e o

...done!


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All of these puff-of-air letters

have a little pendulum at the bottom

kh

p b


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In some cases, this pendulum is the only thing

that differentiates these puff-of-air letters

from the ones with no puff of air

p p

b b

These two combo letters have one more difference

other than the pendulum,

namely the tick at the upper right

b b


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These sets of letters lookvery similar

i u e o

p p pi pu pe po

p p pi pu pe po

i u e o


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Notice how i looks slightly different

from other combo letters for i

i

pi pi i


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Also notice how u and o look slightly different from the rest

u o

u o

pu po

pu po


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In fact, o and o

are part of the rebel club we saw earlier

ju je jo

mu me mo

u e o

u e o


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These sets of letters looksimilar

r r ri ru re ro

j j ji ju je jo

i u e o


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These combo letters look somewhat similar

ru j

Remember that u has an extra curl at the end

u

and that o looks like u with ansign

u o


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+

kh

=

kh

p p

b b

More to come


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And here are the remaining ones

+

=


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Some Telugu words with the new letters weve just seen


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Full marks?

plmu ri likht

fruit stream, rivulet written, in writing

trmu bkt i mukhj

umbrella devotion main

id rmu pilm lmu

pore, opening movie sublimity

sbjt llri kmu

politeness, manners cymbal unit


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t



th


th-h in bath-house


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d



d


dh in adhere


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These are thebasic letters weve just seen

th d


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th d

th i d i

th u d u


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th e d e

th o d o


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weve just seen

th th th i th u th e to

d d d i d u d e d o

Note the slightly different shape of these letters from other i letters

th i d i


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+

th

=

th

d d


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d d d i d u d e d o

i u e o

t th t i tu th e th o

d d d i d u d e d o

Watch out for i and its slightly different shape from other i letters


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All their mini versions too look similar

d

t

d


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The pendulum strikes again

th d

For d , this is the only thing differentiating it from d

d d


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These words arent too difficult


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Here you go

t ith i sth it i

date according to the lunar calendar status, condition

d n i bud d i

tone, note intelligence

d rumu t th jmu

Earths pole truth, fact

pd d t i mitn mu

practice, method the sign Gemini


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th in penthouse


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dh in madhouse


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e e

o o


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weve just seen

i u e o

i u e o

Note the slightly different shape of these letters from other i letters

i i


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+

=


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d d d i d u d e d o

i u e o


d d d i d u d e d o

i u e o


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As do all their mini versions

d

t

d


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These sets of letters too look similar

r r ri ru re ro

i u e o

But their mini versions dont!

r


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Both these sets of letters have a dot in the middle


i u e o

As do their mini versions

t


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Here are some Telugu words that have in various forms

mu

obstinacy, stubbornness

pn mu

reading, learning

kn mu

difficult

Unfortunately, many words that use and also use letters and signs that we havent seen yet

So well come across more words with

as we go on


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l in hold

l in boulder



It sounds similar to

l

but with the tongue curled further back


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sh in ash tray



In everyday speech, its mostly pronounced the same as


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And this is how they are modified


e e

o o


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weve just seen

i u e o

i u e o


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And here are their mini versions


+

=

has a special mini form

when it comes after k

k


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Sometimes,the sequenceand its combo letters

are written

that is, with the mini version

i u e o


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Camouflage at its very best

i u e o

p p pi pu pe po

p p pi pu pe po

i u e o

i u e o


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i falls into the latter category below

i

pi pi i i


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Also notice how the vowel signs for u and o

have slightly different shapes in these combo letter sets

u pu pu

u u

po po o

o o


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Here are all their mini versions

p p


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Here we go again

,

,

,


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Piece of cake?

k mn i

art man

mi iju

, again pupil, disciple

eu kmu

, to go difficulty

pemu rmu

, plate, saucer rain

n ktrmu lkmi

star, constellation Lakshmi, a Hindu goddess


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ng in sing

It is not pronounced like the

ng in finger


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ni in onion

gne in French montagne

in Spanish Espaa


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n in wander




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And this is how they are modified


e e

e

o o o


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weve just seen

i u e o

i u e o

i u e o


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+

=


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i u e o

i u e o

As do their mini versions


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looks somewhat like an upside down

The other letters in the respective sets are more distinct, though

i u e o

i u e o

Their mini versions too are somewhat like mirror images


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This letter combo

is usually pronounced

n

That is, as if it were


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Do you notice any similarity in how these letters sound?

k kh

To pronounce all these letters,

your tongue touches the back of the roof of your mouth,

called the velum


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And what about in these letters?


your tongue touches the middle part of the roof of the mouth,

called thepalate

Try saying them out loud and concentrate on the position of your tongue


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Some more similar-sounding letters, which weve already seen


the tip of your tongue curls back and touches the roof of your mouth



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Yet another bunch of similar-sounding letters

t th

d d

n


the tip of your tongue touches your front teeth



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And finally, the last batch of similar sounding letters

p p

b b

m


your lips touch each other



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This sign is a shortcut sign

for the following letters

n m

Its pronunciation depends on what letter comes after it.


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Have a look at these words and their pronunciations

khmu

conch

mmu

delight, good fortune

nlmu

fickle, playful

snj

Sanjaya, a male name

More to come


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k hj

from the throat, guttural

pt

scholarly

jn t rmu

machine, device

nn d n

Nandana, a male name

smpn n

wealthy, prosperous

smbn d mu

relation, connection


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Lets look at it in a little more detail.

In these words, is like a shortcut for khmu mmu

In these words, is like a shortcut for

k hj pt

In these words, is like a shortcut forn jn t rmu n n d n

In these words, is like a shortcut formsmpn n smbn d mu


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No, we didnt forget

In these words, is like a shortcut for nl snj

However, its pronunciation is not exactly like

Instead, it sounds more like a normal n, like the

n in name


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We can see a pattern over here.

If occurs before the following letters then its pronunciation isk kh

n

t th d d

n p p b b

m


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Before all other letters, and at the end of a word,

its pronunciation is usually

msmjkt smrke

joint, united protection

smln smtsrmu

attached, included year

mmu ms

clan, lineage swan

simmu khm

lion sword

The odd exception might exist,

but these would usually be rare or obscure words

So dont worry As far as our nasal shortcut sign is concerned,

youre good to go!


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Great.

Now, an obvious question.

What if a word starts with a vowel?

How do we write it then?

Theres a slightly different way of doing this


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If a word starts with a vowel,

we use the following letters, instead of vowel signs

i u

e o


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and have a slightly different pronunciation

e


ye in yes

o


wo in wont

but slightly shorter in length


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Our nasal shortcut sign works equally well

with these independent vowel letters

Of course, the pronunciation of the sign will vary,

depending on what letter follows

Some examples will make this clear


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Here are some words that use independent vowel letters

rth m

meaning urm

ring(ornament)

krm

letter, alphabet uuto be, to

exist

n t m

end iu

give

rkku

bodyguarden md i

eight illu

house ekk

where

ikk

here ou

oath

i

asafoetidaoki

one ut t r

north oe

camel


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Speaking of vowels, here are some more

This sign has a sound similar to

a in father


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i


ee in bee


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u


oo in tool


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e


in French fiance


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o


o in Italian Roma

This sign is written aftera letter


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This is how the signs for , i, u, e and o are written

k ki

ku ke

ko


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215

Here are all the vowels weve seen so far,

attached to the letter k

k k

ki ki

ku ku

ke ke

ko ko

Note how the vowels on the right

are longer versions of the ones on the left


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216

In some cases, the long vowel sign

is simply the short vowel sign with an added

ki ki

ke ke

ko ko


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217

Elementary, my dear Watson

p p s n

p p s n

po po o so n o o

Watch out for


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218

Here are some Telugu words with the new signs weve just seen

,


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219

And some more

J

And were done!

For now at least


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220

How many correct?

t t

grandfather k

Dacca,Bangladesh

pri

animal rm

garland

mjm

literature n m,nn m

knowledge

min ufish niuwater ,

ii

splendour mbirm

seriousness

prit i

love rin sSrinivasa,

a Hindu god

purt ifullness,

completion duidust

unjm

emptiness,

nothingness

murkhfoolish


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221

muurt m

auspicious

occasion

beuru

Bangalore

peru

name n en u

I

d em

country ed m

denominator

et u

cause, reason ketrm

area

opi

cap n oucurrency

note

soku

to touch, strike

jom

yoga

poo

photograph ommburnt

offering

Phew!


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222

At the beginning of a word, these vowels are written like this

i u

e o


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223

Here are all the independent vowels weve seen so far,

along with their corresponding vowel signs

i i

u u

e e e e

o o o o

We already know that does not have any vowel sign of its own


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224

All these pairs look similar

in that the one on the right is a slightly modified version

of the one on the left

u u

e e

o o


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225

Remember, uhas one horn at the topand uhas two

u u

These letters below too have a common element,

namely the horizontal stroke with the curl at the right

i u


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226

These two letters look very similar

i

These letters all have a common basic shape

o o

b b


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227

Some Telugu words beginning with the new vowel letters

weve just seen


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228

You should have got all of these right!

desire,hope

n d rprd e

Andhra Pradesh, a statein India

i

housefly irj

envy

u

juice, sap urj

Indian pickle

eu

seven ekn m

singular o

boat o hj

labial, from the lips


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229

And even more vowel signs

j


i in fight

More precisely, it sounds like i in fight

when pronounced in a Scottish accent

It looks like a combination of

e

and


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230

w


ow in cow

More precisely, it sounds like owin cow

when pronounced in a Scottish accent


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231

This is how the signs for j and w are written

kj kw


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232

Notice the similarity in the shapes of these combo letters

ke ke kj

k ku kw


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234

At the beginning of a word, these vowels are written like this

j

w


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235

These letters look similar

e e j

As do these

o o w


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236

Here are some Telugu words with the new letters weve just seen


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237

And their pronunciations and meanings

kj

hand rijlmSrisailam, a town in Andhra Pradesh

jd rbd

Hyderabad, the capital of Andhra Pradesh wd

howdah,a seat fixed on the back of an elephant

pwr

powder swn d rjm

beauty jd u

five wd m

medicine jrjm

wealth, splendour wtjm

appropriateness


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238

A few letters and signs still remain!


a in cat

Heres an example of this vowel sign

in combination withk

k


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239

Unfortunately, our new sign looks exactly like

the mini version of j

plus the vowel sign

Fortunately, this sign is pronounced with the sound

only in English words borrowed into Telugu

So the pronunciation is usually clear from the context


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240

At the beginning of a word, this sign is written like this

Again, it looks exactly like

j

But remember that it occurs only in borrowed English words

So youll know from the context

when to use which pronunciation


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241

Like you read earlier, this sign is used in Telugu

only to write words borrowed from English

that have the a sound in cat

s

gas

bri

battery

knsr

cancer

kss bk

Axis Bank, a bank in India


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242

r


rhu in rhubarb

This sign is written belowa letter

Note that this sign behaves like a vowel sign


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243

This is how the sign for r is written

kr

Notice how these letter combos look similar

kr kr


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244

At the beginning of a word, this sign is written like this

r

Dont confuse it with this letter combo

bu


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245

Some Telugu words which use this sign or its independent letter

kri rm ri

agriculture debt sage, seer

rkm kru

tree Krishna, a Hindu god

rd jm mt rbumi

heart motherland

rsth rd d rmm

of the household old-age home


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246

Another letter with a r sound

r


r in Italian Roma

This is a rolled /r/, as in Spanish or Italian

That is, its pronunciation is exactly the same as


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247


r

These are the various vowel combos formed from our new letter

r r ri ri ru ru

re re rj ro ro rw


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248

Here are some words with this letter

r erri

shelf centipede

rekk reu

wing king, lord

rmpm urrm

hacksaw horse

kukkurt i ereru

greed various

These words are today normally spelled with r

However, you might still come across this letter every now and then


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249


This letter has another sound

ts

This sound is similar to

ts in Betsy


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251/263


251

These alternative pronunciations exist

only before certain vowel sounds

ts ts ts tsu tsu tso tso

z z z zu zu zo zo

In some cases, you might notice these alternative pronunciations

being marked with this sign on top

Like so

ts z

But more often than not,

you'll find them written simply as and


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252

Some words with these alternative pronunciations

tsl zu

much, very delay

tsokk zon n

shirt millet

tsukk rozu

dot, drop day, date

tsd u zud m

study, reading gambling

rtsts bez

meeting place Vijayawada, a city in Andhra Pradesh

Dont worry

Youll be OK even if you pronounce these with a and


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253

One last sign


h in hat

but with a little twist (well see how on the next page)

Note that this sign too behaves like a vowel sign

Likethis sign can be added onto another vowel sign


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254

This is how this new sign combines with basic letters

and is pronounced

k k

kii kii

kuu kuu kee kji

koo kwu

It never combines with the signs e and o


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255

Likethis new sign can also combine with independent vowel letters

ii ii

uu uu ee ji

oo wu

It never combines with the letters eand o


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256

Got it?

In a nutshell, the sign is pronounced

followed by a somewhat shortened repetition

of the vowel just before it

k

kwu wu

Like so

pun prt

again at dawn


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257

When this sign occurs in the middle of a word,

it's often pronounced as a doubling of the next letter

d ukkhm n tkkrm

sadness conscience

Not to fret

This sign occurs very rarely in Telugu,

only in some words borrowed from Sanskrit


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258

Remember

has two circles

and our nasal shortcut letter

has only one


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259

Lets end with numerals and punctuation

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

Punctuation marks are similar to English

In some old Telugu texts, you might find these punctuation marks

full stop end of verse

Try your hand at these

3,737 ,

0.611 .1.2% .%

54,789.01 ,.


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260

Here is a well-known piece of writing, in its Telugu version

.

.

prtpt t st mlijmn mn lellrn u n mt

stn trln u smun lun u n d ru. ru ied n n t kkr

smpn n le prsprmu brt rbmto

rt mpljn u.

This is Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights


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261

This is the Telugu alphabet

The names of the letters are the sounds of the letters themselves

i i u u r e e j o o w k kh

t th d d n

p p b b m

j r bi r l

s ts dz, z


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262

And these are the vowel and other signs, and their Telugu names

i i u u r

e e j o o w

n usrmu srmu lpllk

Good luck!


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