thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-tamil

38
Thirumanthiram -Saiva Siddhanta Philosophy-Tamil Dr. S. Sundarabalu Visiting Professor ,ICCR’s Tamil Chair Institute of Oriental Studies, Dept. of Indology Jagiellonian University, Krakow- Poland

Upload: sundarabalu

Post on 11-May-2015

1.488 views

Category:

Education


21 download

DESCRIPTION

Dr. S. Sundarabalu Visiting Professor ,ICCR’s Tamil Chair Institute of Oriental Studies, Dept. of Indology Jagiellonian University, Krakow-Poland [email protected] India-9715769995

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil

Thirumanthiram -Saiva Siddhanta Philosophy-Tamil

Dr. S. SundarabaluVisiting Professor ,ICCR’s Tamil Chair Institute of Oriental Studies, Dept. of IndologyJagiellonian University, Krakow-Poland [email protected]

Page 2: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil
Page 3: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil
Page 4: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil

The lingam (also, linga, ling, Shiva linga, Shiv ling, Sanskrit लि�ङ्गं�, liṅgaṃ, meaning "mark", "sign", or "inference") is a representation of the Hindu deity Shiva used for worship in temples. In traditional Indian society, the linga is rather seen as a symbol of the energy and potentiality of the God.

The lingam is often represented alongside the yoni, a symbol of the goddess or of Shakti, female creative energy. The union of lingam and yoni represents the "indivisible two-in-oneness of male and female, the passive space and active time from which all life originates".

Page 5: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil
Page 6: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil

6

Page 7: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil

12/04/2023

CN I

CN III

CN VII

CN IX

CN XI

CN II

CN IV

CN VI

CN VIII

CN X

CN XII

CN V

Parts of Cranial Nerves

Page 8: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil

12/04/2023

Page 9: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil

12/04/2023

Page 10: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil

12/04/2023

Page 11: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil

12/04/2023

7. Crown Center – Top of head towards back; Connection to divinity, spirit, bliss; Drive to transcend.6. Third Eye – Slightly above midpoint between eyes; Intuition, metaphysical wisdom, stillness; Drive to know.5. Throat Chakra – Center of throat; Self-expression, speaking truth; Drive to communicate.4. Heart Chakra – Center of chest at breastbone; Love, compassion, beauty, joy, balance; Drive to connect.3. Navel Chakra – Just below navel; Personal power, self-definition, boundaries; Drive to act successfully.2. Sacral Chakra – Internal reproductive organs; Sensuality, creativity, abundance, passion; Drive to create.1. Root Chakra – Tailbone; Connection to earth, nature, physicality; Drive to survive.

Page 12: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil

Medical Logo

Page 13: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil

13

Touch

Skin

Illusion

na

Taste

Tongue

Arrogance

ma

Sight

Eye

God

ci

Smell

Nose

Power

va

Ear

Sound

Soul

ya

Page 14: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil

SAIVA SIDDHANTA TEXTS சை�வ��த்தா�ந்தாநூல்கள்

Page 15: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil

 Saivism The word Hinduism is a common name which

denotes many Indian religions, including Saivism. It is not a religion by itself. Saivism or Saiva religion is the dominant religion of the Hindu fold.

 Saiva Siddhanta (Saiva Siththaantham in Tamil) is the philosophy of Saiva religion which considers Lord Siva as its primary deity. Siddhanta means the final conclusion (reached after taking into consideration all other important views).

It is the popular philosophical system of the Tamils of South India, based on Saiva Agamas, Upanishds, ancient Tamil works, Thirumurais and Meykanda Sastra works.

Page 16: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil

 Who am I?

Is there a God?

What are the natures of God, Soul and the

cosmos? What is my relationship with God and

the worldly things?

What is the reason for happenings in life over

which one has no control?

Such questions often arise in any

philosophical system. Saiva Siddhanta gives

plausible answers and explanations to them.

Page 17: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil

Eternal Entities  Saiva Siddhanta believes in the three eternal

entities of God, Soul and Bondage (materials of bondage). These are called Pati, Pasu and Pasam respectively in Siddhanta philosophy. 

Pati means Lord (of the souls) who is God.  Pasam means bondage.  Pasu means that which is under bondage. All things known and perceived are included in these

three categories. According to Saiva Siddhanta God is one, Souls are many and Pasam consists of three impurities (malams) called Anava (anavam), Karma (kanmam) and Maya (mayai). Like Pati who is real and eternal, Pasu  and Pasam are also real and eternal.

Page 18: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil

Existence of God and other eternal entities is established by various epistemological means. Logical arguments, based on sense perception, inference and scripture are important means of proving their existence.

 Anything that has a beginning, existence and decay is made by someone. It has a maker. Our physical body including the mental and psychological equipments, the world and the worldly things had a beginning. They exist for a certain period of time and then decay. They, therefore, have a maker who is God. Existence of God is thus established by inference. The existence of other entities is also established similarly by various means.

Page 19: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil

 God: Siva (Sivam) is the name given to their God

by the Saivites. Siva means One who is perfect

and /or auspicious. His inherent nature is wisdom.

He is with infinite love to benefit the souls. It is His

Grace which is part of Him. Like the sun and its

light, He remains inseparable with his Sakthy which

is Grace. Sakthy literally means power or energy.

He is omnipresent. The Tamil word for God,

Kadavul, meaning One who resides outside and

inside, indicates his omnipresence.

Page 20: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil

 Soul:  According to Saiva Siddhanta, Souls are many. No two persons or beings are alike. We may therefore, conclude that every living being has a soul of its own. Anma and uyir are other names for soul. Soul has the capabilities to know, act and desire. These are called its gnana sakthy, kriya sakthy and iccha sakthy respectively.

These capabilities are impaired by the associated entity calledanava. Soul has a dependant nature and behaves like the one on which it depends. When it depends on the worldly things, it behaves like them. When it depends on God, it behaves like a divine being. This nature of dependency is called in Tamil as ‘Sarnthathan Vannamathal’.

Page 21: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil

The most respected shaivite scriptures in thamiz the thirumuRais , were composed almost in the first millenium developed the in the thamiz people the spiritual nourishment. Based on these holy texts and developed on the fertility they made in the thought process gave rise to many philosophers dwelling in the highly complex question of the Supreme, soul and surroundings and their inter-relationship.

Among them four are quite significant and are referred to as sandhAnak kuravargaL. The texts which are explanatory/ commentory texts of shiava sidhdhantha, that were written in this period of 12th to 14th century are called santhAna nulgal or meykaNda nUlgaL.

Page 22: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil

While the rest of the thirumuRais are singing the glory of Lord shiva, the nineth thirumuRai thirumanthiram is the one that deals in detail about the philosophy and yoga. These santhAna texts are absolutely dedicated for philosophical discussions. These texts analyse the various factors, logics and experiences, refute and support the various philosophies on the ground of raising and answering questions. These are excellent food for thought and are Shaiva sidhdhanthic philosophical tutorials. May the Nameless, Formless Supreme pashupati, Which transcedes everything bless us, the seekers !!

Tamil Shaivite Literature taalapuraanam and etc : 705 – சி�த்தா�ந்தா சி�த்தா�ரம் 14 chaaththiram (shaastram)-

guidelines or philosophical treatises http://www.shaivam.org/siddhanta/san.htm

Page 23: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil

Saiva Siddhanta Texts Author

1. தா�ருவுந்தா�யா�ர் (thiruvundhiyAr)thiruviyalUr uyya

vandha dhEva nAyanAr

2. தா�ருக்களி�ற்றுப் படியா�ர் (thirukkaLiRRup padiyAr) thirukkadavUr uyya vandha dhEvar

3. சி�வஞா�னபோப�தாம் (shiva gnAna bodham) meykaNda sivam

4. சி�வஞா�னசி�த்தா�யா�ர் (chivanyAna chiththiyAr) aruNandi chivAchchAriyAr

5. இருப�இருபஃது (irupA irupaqthu)

6. சி�வப் ப�ரக�சிம் (chivap pirakAcham)

umApati shivAchchAriyAr

7. தா�ருவருட் பயான் (thiruvarut payan)

8. வ�ன� வெவண்ப� (vinA veNpA)

9. போப�ற்றி�ப் பஃவெறி�டை% (pORRip paqRodai)

10. வெக�டிக்கவ� (kodikkavi) 11. வெ&ஞ்சுவ�டுதூது (nenychuvidu thUdhu)

12. உண்டை,வெ&றி� வ�ளிக்கம் (uNmai neRi viLakkam)

13. சிங்கற்ப &�ர�கரணம் ( chaNkaRpa nirAkaraNam )

14. உண்டை,வ�ளிக்கம் (uNmai viLakkam) manavAchakaN kadandhAr

The Core Saiva Siddhanta Texts - santhAna nulgaL / meykaNda nulgaL -

Page 24: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil

��வஞா�னபோ��தாம்-Sivagnana Bodham

1. அவன்அவள்அதுவெவனும்அடைவமூவ�டைனடை,யா�ன், போதா�ற்றி�யா தா�தா�போயா வெயா�டுங்க� ,லத்துளிதா�ம், அந்தாம்ஆதா� என்,ன�ர் புலவர்.

I. As the (seen) universe, spoken of as he, she and it, undergoes three changes (origin, development, and decay), this must be an entity created (by an efficient cause.) This entity owing to its conjunction with Anava Mala has to emanate from Hara to whom it returns during Samharam. Hence, the learned say that Hara is the first cause.

Page 25: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil

2. அடைவபோயாதா�போனயா�யா�ருவ�டைனயா�ன் போப�க்குவரவுபுர�யா ஆடைணயா�ன்நீக்க,�ன்றி� &�ற்கு,ன்போறி.

II. He is one with the souls (Abetha). He is different from them (Betha). He is one and different from them (Bethabetha). He stands in Samavaya union with His Gnana Sakti and causes the souls to undergo the processes of evolution (births) and return (Samharam) by including their good and bad acts (Karma).

http://www.shaivam.org/english/sen-san-sivagnana-botham-jmnp.htm

Page 26: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil

3. உளிது, இலவெதான்றிலின், எனது%வெலன்றிலின்ஐம்புலன், ஒடுக்கம்அறி�தாலின், கண்படில்உண்டிவ�டைனயா�ன்டை,யா�ன், உண்ர்த்தாஉணர்தாலின், ,�யா�வ�யாந்தா�ரனுவ�னுள்ஆன்,�.

III. It rejects every portion of the body as not being itself; It says my body; it is conscious of dreams; it exists in sleep without feeling pleasure or pain or movements; it knows from others; This is the soul which exists in the body formed as a machine from Maya.

Page 27: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil

Tirumantiram Tirumular (Tamil:தா�ருமூலர் ) was a Tamil Shaivite

mystic and writer, considered one of the sixty-three Nayanars and one of the 18 Siddhars. His main work, the Tirumantiram(also sometimes written Tirumanthiram, Tirumandhiram, etc.), which consists of over 3000 verses, forms a part of the key text of the Tamil Shaiva Siddhanta, the Tirumurai.

Legend has it that Tirumūlar was a travelling Shaiva saint and scholar from Kailash who used his yogic powers to transmigrate into the body of a southern cowherd, Mūlan. He would wake up from a state of intense meditation once a year and compose one verse until he completed the Thirumandiram.

Page 28: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil

The Nayanar is said to have been one of the eight students of Tirunandi Devar. Tirumūlar, desiring to see Agastya Rishi in the Pothia Hills, left Kailasa and journeyed southwards. On his way, he visited many Saivite shrines. When he came to Tiruvavaduthurai, he took a bath in the Kaveri River then went to the Temple. Upon leaving the Temple and walking along the banks of the Kaveri, he noticed a herd of cows crying because their herder had died. Wanting to pacify the grief stricken cows, the Nayanar entered the body of the cowherd after safely depositing his own body in the trunk of a tree.

Mūlan, the cowherd, was a resident of Sattanur and drove the cows back into the village in the evening. Mūlan’s wife was expecting the return of her husband but when she approached him, he would not allow her to touch him, but said: ‘Oh lady, I am not your husband. Adore Lord Siva and attain Liberation.’ He left and went away to a near-by Math.

Page 29: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil

The cowherd's wife complained to the village elders about her husband’s conduct. They examined him and after they came to the conclusion that he was a great Yogi who had attained spiritual eminence, instructed the lady to have no further contact with him. The next day, Tirumular followed the cows, but could not find his body in the trunk of the tree, where he had left it. It was the Lord’s Leela. Lord Siva wanted Tirumular Nayanar to write a book in Tamil on Saiva Philosophy, containing the essence of all Siva Agamas. Tirumular understood the Lord’s wish and returned to Tiruvavaduthurai.

Page 30: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil
Page 31: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil

Why i preserve body Time was when I despised the body But than I saw the god with in And the body , I realized , is the lord's

temple And so I began preserving it With care infinite -725725. உ%ம்ப�டைனமுன்னம்இழுக்வெகன்றி�ருந்போதான்

உ%ம்ப�னுக்குள்போளியுறுவெப�ருள்கண்போ%ன் உ%ம்புபோளிஉத்தா,ன்போக�யா�ல்வெக�ண்%�ன்என்று

உ%ம்ப�டைனயா�ன�ருந் போதா�ம்புக�ன் போறிபோன“

Page 32: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil

1823 உள்ளிம்வெபருங்போக�யா�ல்ஊனு%ம்புஆலயாம் வள்ளிற் ப�ர�ன�ர்க்குவ�ய்போக� புரவ�சில்

வெதாள்ளித்வெதாளி�ந்தா�ர்க்குச் சீவன்சி�வலிங்கம் கள்ளிப் புலன்ஐந்தும் க�ளி� ,ண�வ�ளிக்போக. 1

1. Inner core (uLLam; the spiritual heart) is the great temple (perum kOvil); Fleshy body, the seat of the soul, (the place of union with

Paramaatma) is the temple; 2. For the compassionate Lord, the mouth is the tower-entrance;3. For those with mental clarity, jeevan (life force; soul) soul is the

Shivalingam; 4. The (deceiving) - five senses are the burning lamps with

within the temple. 1823 Soul is Siva Linga For the Bounteous Lord This heart is the sanctum holy, The fleshly body is temple vast The mouth is the tower gate; To them that discern, Jiva is Sivalinga; The deceptive senses but the lights that illumehttp://www.hummaa.com/music/album/thiru-moolarin-thiru-mandhiram-thiruthani-n-swaminathan/22696

Page 33: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil
Page 34: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil

2008 அணுவ�ல்அணுவ�டைனஆதா�ப் ப�ர�டைன அணுவ�ல்அணுவ�டைனஆயா�ரங்கூறி�ட்டு அணுவ�ல்அணுடைவஅணுகவல்ல�ர்கட்கு அணுவ�ல்அணுடைவஅணுகலும்ஆபோ,. 2

2008 Lord is Atom-Within-Atom The Lord is the Beginning of all, He is the Atom-within-the-atom; Divide an atom within the atom, Into parts one thousand, They who can thus divide That atom within the atom May well near the Lord, He, indeed, is the Atom-within-the-atom.

Page 35: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil

2017 சீவன்எனச்சி�வன்என்னபோவறி�ல்டைல

சீவன�ர்சி�வன�டைரஅறி�க�லர் சீவன�ர்சி�வன�டைரஅறி�ந்தாப�ன் சீவன�ர்சி�வன�யா�ட்டுஇருப்பபோர. 1

2017 Jiva and Siva are One Jiva and Siva Separate are not; Jiva knows not Siva; When Jiva knows Siva; Jiva becomes Siva.

Page 36: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil

2122 க�யாப்டைபஒன்றுசிரக்குப் பலவுளி ,�யாப்டைபஒன்றுண்டு,ற்றுபோ,�ர்டைபயுண்டு

க�யாப்டைபக்குஉள்&�ன்றி கள்வன்புறிப்பட்%�ல் ,�யாப்டைப ,ண்ண�,யாங்க�யாவ�போறி. 1

The body is a bag Many the ingredients it holds; There is yet another bag within; It is the Maya bag; When the Thief (Jiva) The body bag leaves, The Maya bag Unto dust becomes.

Page 37: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil

 ‘Among the many revelations that Mohenjadaro and Harappa have in store for  us,  none perhaps is more remarkable than this discovery that Saivism has a history  going back to the chalcolithic age’ – John Marshall

 The Saiva religion and its philosophy are praised highly by scholars.

       ‘Saivism is the oldest pre-historic religion of S. India’ – G.U.Pope

     ‘One of the most closely reasoned religious philosophies found anywhere in            

                  the world’. – John H. Piet  

Page 38: Thirumanthiram - saiva siddhanta philosophy-Tamil