tipitaka network () presents study guide for

Tipitaka Network (http://www.tipitaka.net) presents Study Guide for The New Pali Course Part II

This study guide includes all material from the study guide for Part I.

Masculine nouns in a

Singular Plural

Nom. naro narā

Acc. naraṃ nare

Ins. narena narebhi, narehi

Dat. narāya, narassa narānaṃ

Abl. narā, naramhā, narasmā narebhi, narehi

Gen. narassa narānaṃ

Loc. nare, naramhi, narasmiṃ naresu

Voc. nara, narā narā

Masculine nouns in i

Singular Plural

Nom., Voc. aggi aggī, aggayo

Acc. aggiṃ aggī, aggayo

Ins. agginā aggībhi, aggīhi

Dat., Gen. aggino, aggissa aggīnaṃ

Abl. agginā, aggimhā, aggismā aggībhi, aggīhi

Loc. aggimhi, aggismiṃ aggīsu

Revision 1 (2 January 2009)

Masculine nouns in ī

Singular Plural

Nom., Voc. pakkhī pakkhī, pakkhino

Acc. pakkhinaṃ, pakkhiṃ pakkhī, pakkhino

Ins. pakkhinā pakkhībhi, pakkhīhi

Dat., Gen. pakkhino, pakkhissa pakkhīnaṃ

Abl. pakkhinā, pakkhimhā, pakkhismā pakkhībhi, pakkhīhi

Loc. pakkhini, pakkhimhi, pakkhismiṃ pakkhīsu

Masculine nouns in u (1)

Singular Plural

Nom., Voc. garu garū, garavo

Acc. garuṃ garū, garavo

Abl., Ins. garunā garūbhi, garūhi

Dat., Gen. garuno, garussa garūnaṃ

Loc. garumhi, garusmiṃ garūsu

* Bhikkhu has an additional form “bhikkhave” in the Vocative plural.

Pali Alphabet: a ā i ī u ū e o | k kh g gh ṅ | c ch j jh ñ | ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ | t th d dh n | p ph b bh m | y r l v s h ḷ ṃ

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Singular Plural

Nom. nattā nattāro

Acc. nattāraṃ nattāre, nattāro

Abl., Ins. nattārā nattārebhi, nattārehi

Dat., Gen. nattu, nattuno, nattussa nattārānaṃ, nattānaṃ

Loc. nattari nattāresu

Voc. natta, nattā nattāro


Singular Plural

Nom. bhātā bhātaro

Acc. bhātaraṃ bhātare, bhātaro

Abl., Ins. bhātarā bhātarebhi, bhātarehi, bhātūbhi, bhātūhi

Dat., Gen. bhātu, bhātuno, bhātussa bhātarānaṃ, bhātānaṃ, bhātūnaṃ

Loc. bhātari bhātaresu, bhātusu

Voc. bhāta, bhātā bhātaro

Pitu (father) is similarly declined.

Masculine nouns in ū

Singular Plural

Nom., Voc. vidū vidū, viduno

Acc. viduṃ vidū, viduno

Ins., Abl. vidunā vidūbhi, vidūhi

Dat., Gen. viduno, vidussa vidūnaṃ

Loc. vidumhi, vidusmiṃ vidūsu

Masculine noun: mana

Singular Plural

Nom. mano manā

Acc. manaṃ mane

Ins. manasā, manena manebhi, manehi

Dat., Gen. manaso, manassa manānaṃ

Abl. manasā, manā, manamhā, manasmā manebhi, manehi

Loc. manasi, mane, manamhi, manasmiṃ manesu

Voc. mana, manā manā




Masculine noun: attan

Singular Plural

Nom. attā attāno

Acc. attānaṃ, attaṃ attāno

Ins. attanā, attena attanebhi, attanehi

Abl. attanā attanebhi, attanehi

Dat., Gen. attano attānaṃ

Loc. attani attanesu

Voc. atta, attā attāno

Masculine noun: rājan

Singular Plural

Nom. rājā rājāno

Acc. rājānaṃ, rājaṃ rājāno

Ins. raññā, rājena rājūbhi, rājūhi, rājebhi, rājehi

Abl. raññā, rājamhā, rājasmā rājūbhi, rājūhi, rājebhi, rājehi

Dat., Gen. rañño, rājino raññaṃ, rājūnaṃ, rājānaṃ

Loc. raññe, rājini, rājamhi, rājasmiṃ

rājusu, rājūsu, rājesu

Voc. rāja, rājā rājāno

Masculine noun: go

Singular Plural

Nom., Voc. go, gavo gāvo

Acc. gāvaṃ, gavaṃ, gāvuṃ gāvo

Ins. gāvena, gavena gobhi, gohi, gāvehi, gavehi

Dat., Gen. gāvassa, gavassa gavaṃ, gunnaṃ, gonaṃ

Abl. gāvā, gavā, gāvamhā, gavamhā, gāvasmā, gavasmā

gobhi, gohi, gāvehi, gavehi

Loc. gāve, gave, gāvamhi, gavamhi, gāvasmiṃ, gavasmiṃ

gāvesu, gavesu, gosu

Feminine nouns in ā

Singular Plural

Nom. vanitā vanitā, vanitāyo

Acc. vanitaṃ vanitā, vanitāyo

Abl., Ins. vanitāya vanitābhi, vanitāhi

Dat., Gen. vanitāya vanitānaṃ

Loc. vanitāyaṃ, vanitāya vanitāsu

Voc. vanite vanitā, vanitāyo




Feminine nouns in i

Singular Plural

Nom., Voc. bhūmi bhūmī, bhūmiyo

Acc. bhūmiṃ bhūmī, bhūmiyo

Abl., Ins. bhūmiyā, bhūmyā bhūmībhi, bhūmīhi

Dat., Gen. bhūmiyā bhūmīnaṃ

Loc. bhūmiyaṃ, bhūmiyā bhūmīsu

Feminine nouns in ī

Singular Plural

Nom., Voc. kumārī kumārī, kumāriyo

Acc. kumāriṃ kumārī, kumāriyo

Abl., Ins. kumāriyā kumārībhi, kumārīhi

Dat., Gen. kumāriyā kumārīnaṃ

Loc. kumāriyaṃ, kumāriyā kumārīsu

Feminine nouns in u (1)

Singular Plural

Nom., Voc. dhenu dhenū, dhenuyo

Acc. dhenuṃ dhenū, dhenuyo

Abl., Ins. dhenuyā dhenūbhi, dhenūhi

Dat. Gen. dhenuyā dhenūnaṃ

Loc. dhenuyaṃ, dhenuyā dhenūsu

Feminine nouns in u (2)

Singular Plural

Nom. mātā mātaro

Acc. mātaraṃ mātare, mātaro

Abl., Ins. mātarā, (mātuyā) mātarebhi, mātarehi, mātūbhi, mātūhi

Dat., Gen. mātuyā mātarānaṃ, mātānaṃ, mātūnaṃ

Loc. mātari mātaresu, mātusu

Voc. māta, mātā, māte mātaro

Dhītu (daughter) and duhitu (daughter) are declined like mātu.




Neuter nouns in a

Singular Plural

Nom. nayanaṃ nayanā, nayanāni

Acc. nayanaṃ nayane, nayanāni

Ins. nayanena nayanebhi, nayanehi

Dat. nayanāya, nayanassa nayanānaṃ

Abl. nayanā, nayanamhā, nayanasmā nayanebhi, nayanehi

Gen. nayanassa nayanānaṃ

Loc. nayane, nayanamhi, nayanasmiṃ nayanesu

Voc. nayana, nayanā nayanāni

Neuter nouns in i

Singular Plural

Nom., Voc. aṭṭhi aṭṭhī, aṭṭhīni

Acc. aṭṭhiṃ aṭṭhī, aṭṭhīni

Ins. aṭṭhinā aṭṭhībhi, aṭṭhīhi

Dat., Gen. aṭṭhino, aṭṭhissa aṭṭhīnaṃ

Abl. aṭṭhinā, aṭṭhimhā, aṭṭhismā aṭṭhībhi, aṭṭhīhi

Loc. aṭṭhini, aṭṭhimhi, aṭṭhismiṃ aṭṭhisu, aṭṭhīsu

Neuter nouns in u

Singular Plural

Nom., Voc. cakkhu cakkhū, cakkhūni

Acc. cakkhuṃ cakkhū, cakkhūni

Abl., Ins. cakkhunā cakkhūbhi, cakkhūhi

Dat., Gen. cakkhuno, cakkhussa cakkhūnaṃ

Loc. cakkhumhi, cakkhusmiṃ cakkhūsu

Notes:




Adjectival nouns (masculine/neuter)

Singular Plural

Nom. guṇavā guṇavanto, guṇavantā

Acc. guṇavantaṃ guṇavante

Ins. guṇavatā, guṇavantena guṇavantebhi, guṇavantehi

Dat., Gen. guṇavato, guṇavantassa guṇavataṃ, guṇavantānaṃ

Abl. guṇavatā, guṇavantamhā, guṇavantasmā

guṇavantebhi, guṇavantehi

Loc. guṇavati, guṇavante, guṇavantamhi, guṇavantasmiṃ

guṇavantesu

Voc. guṇavaṃ, guṇava, guṇavā guṇavanto, guṇavantā

* Those ending in -mantu should be declined as: cakkhumā, cakkhumanto, cakkhumatā, and so on.

Adjectival nouns (feminine)In the feminine, guṇavā becomes guṇavatī/guṇavantī, and is declined like kumārī.

First personal pronoun

Singular Plural

Nom. ahaṃ mayaṃ, amhe

Acc. maṃ, mamaṃ amhe, amhākaṃ, no

Ins. mayā, me amhebhi, amhehi, no

Dat., Gen. mama, mayhaṃ, me, mamaṃ amhaṃ, amhākaṃ, no

Abl. mayā amhebhi, amhehi

Loc. mayi amhesu

Second personal pronoun

Singular Plural

Nom. tvaṃ, tuvaṃ tumhe

Acc. taṃ, tavaṃ, tuvaṃ tumhe, tumhākaṃ, vo

Ins. tvayā, tayā, te tumhebhi, tumhehi, vo

Dat., Gen. tava, tuyhaṃ, te tumhaṃ, tumhākaṃ, vo

Abl. tvayā, tayā tumhebhi, tumhehi

Loc. tvayi, tayi tumhesu

(Te, me and vo, no should not be used at the beginning of a sentence.)




Relative pronoun (masculine)

Singular Plural

Nom. yo ye

Acc. yaṃ ye

Ins. yena yebhi, yehi

Dat., Gen. yassa yesaṃ, yesānaṃ

Abl. yamhā, yasmā yebhi, yehi

Loc. yamhi, yasmiṃ yesu

Relative pronoun (feminine)

Singular Plural

Nom. yā yā, yāyo

Acc. yaṃ yā, yāyo

Ins., Abl. yāya yābhi, yāhi

Dat., Gen. yassā, yāya yāsaṃ, yāsānāṃ

Loc. yassaṃ, yāyaṃ yāsu

Relative pronoun (neuter)

Nom., Acc. yaṃ ye, yāni

The rest is similar to that of masculine.

Demonstrative pronoun ta (masculine)

Singular Plural

Nom. so te

Acc. taṃ, naṃ te, ne

Ins. tena tebhi, tehi

Dat., Gen. tassa tesaṃ, tesānaṃ

Abl. tamhā, tasmā tebhi, tehi

Loc. tamhi, tasmiṃ tesu

Demonstrative pronoun ta (feminine)

Singular Plural

Nom. sā tā, tāyo

Acc. taṃ, naṃ tā, tāyo

Ins., Abl. tāya tābhi, tāhi

Dat., Gen. tassā, tāyo tāsaṃ, tāsānaṃ

Loc. tassaṃ, tāyaṃ tāsu

Demonstrative pronoun ta (neuter)

Nom., Acc. taṃ te, tāni

The rest is similar to that of the masculine. Eta is declined like ta.




Demonstrative pronoun ima (masculine)

Singular Plural

Nom. ayaṃ ime

Acc. imaṃ ime

Ins. anena, iminā ebhi, ehi, imebhi, imehi

Dat., Gen. assa, imassa esaṃ, esānaṃ, imesaṃ, imesānaṃ

Abl. asmā, imamhā, imasmā ebhi, ehi, imebhi, imehi

Loc. asmiṃ, imamhi, imasmiṃ esu, imesu

Demonstrative pronoun ima (feminine)

Singular Plural

Nom. ayaṃ imā, imāyo

Acc. imaṃ imā, imāyo

Ins., Abl. imāya imābhi, imāhi

Dat., Gen. assā, assāya, imissā, imissāya, imāya

āsaṃ, āsānaṃ, imāsaṃ, imāsānaṃ

Loc. assaṃ, imissaṃ, imāyaṃ imāsu

Demonstrative pronoun ima (neuter)

Nom., Acc. idaṃ, imaṃ ime, imāni

The rest is similar to that of the masculine.

Present participle, active (masculine)

Singular Plural

Nom. gacchaṃ, gacchanto gacchanto, gacchantā

Acc. gacchantaṃ gacchante

Ins. gacchatā, gacchantena gacchantebhi, gacchantehi

Dat., Gen. gacchato, gacchantassa gacchataṃ, gacchantānaṃ

Abl. gacchatā, gacchantamhā, gacchantasmā

gacchantebhi, gacchantehi

Loc. gacchati, gacchante, gacchantamhi. gacchantasmiṃ

gacchantesu

Voc. gacchaṃ, gaccha, gacchā gacchanto, gacchantā

Present participle, active (feminine)

Singular Plural

Nom., Voc. gacchantī gacchantī, gacchantiyo

Acc. gacchantiṃ gacchantī, gacchantiyo

Ins., Abl. gacchantiyā gacchantībhi, gacchantīhi

Dat. Gen. gacchantiyā gacchantīnaṃ

Loc. gacchantiyaṃ, gacchantiyā gacchantīsu




Present participle, active (neuter)

Singular Plural

Nom. gacchaṃ gacchantā, gacchantāni

Acc. gacchantaṃ gacchante, gacchantāni

The rest is similar to that of the masculine.

All these have another form ending in -māna, like gacchamāna. In that form they are declined like nara in the masculine, vanitā in the feminine, and nayana in the neuter.

● ataramāna = not being hurried● anuppadiyamāna = being given● kampamāna = trembling● kurumāna = doing● khipanta = sneezing● taramāna = crossing [a stream]● namassamāna = worshipping● patiṭṭhāpayamāna = establishing● ravamāna = making [a noise]● visuṃ karonta = separating● vuccamāna = saying● honta = being

Present participle, passiveThe passive present participle is formed by adding ī+ya to the root before the active terminations.

● pacīyamāna = being cooked

Potential (future) participle, passiveThe potential participle is formed by adding tabba and anīya to the verbal base.

● appameyya = immeasurable● alabbhaneyya = that cannot be obtained● asaṅkheyya = innumerable● kattabba = must/to/should be done● karaṇīya = must/to/should be done● kātabba = must/to/should be done● kāriya = should be done● kicca = should be done● khajja = should be eaten● gantabba = should be gone● gamma = should be understood● gayha = should be taken● gārayha = should be despised




● cālanīya = movable● cinteyya = thinkable● jeyya = should be conquered● ñātayya = should be known● taraṇīya = crossable● daṭṭhayya = should be seen● dātabba = must/to/should be given● deyya = should be given● neyya = should be led● pattayya = should be arrived or attained● pariyodapetabba = must be cleansed● peyya = should be drunk● bhavitabba = ought to be● māriya = should be killed● yogga = should be yoked● leyya = should be licked● vajja = should be said● vākya = should be spoken● savaṇīya = must/to/should be heard● sikkhitabba = should be practised, observed● sotabba = must/to/should be heard● hāriya = should be carried

Past participle● akkuṭṭha = rebuked ● āditta = ablaze● atikkanta = gone over, elapsed ● ānīta = brought● ativisiṭṭha = exquisite ● āraddha = begun● atthata = spread ● ārūḷha = mounted, got into● anugata = followed by ● āsīna = sat● anuññāta = allowed ● āhaṭa = brought● anudita = not arisen ● udita = risen● anuppatta = arrived, attained ● upakkiliṭṭha = dirty● anūhata = not destroyed ● upanīta = represented● antarahita = disappeared ● upasaṅkanta = approached● apakkanta = gone away ● uppanna = arisen, born● apanīta = removed ● uppādita = raised, produced● appatīta = vexed ● ubbigga = agitated● abbūḷha = drawn out, removed ● otiṇṇa = descended● abhikkanta = far spent ● onīta = removed from● kaṭhita = boiling hot ● kaṭṭha = ploughed● abhiññāta = distinguished, ● kata = done, made well-known ● kārita (causative) = built● abhitthuta = praised ● kālakata = dead● abhipīḷita = ailing, oppressed ● kilanta = fatigued● avasiṭṭha = remaining ● kīta = bought● avasitta = besprinkled ● kuddha = enraged, angry● ākiṇṇa = full of, scattered with ● khacita = studded● āgata = come ● khaṇḍākhaṇḍikajāta = dashed● āṇatta = bidden into pieces




● khata = wounded ● naṭṭha = lost● khanta = forgiven ● nahāta = bathed● gutta = protected ● nikkhitta = kept, placed● ghuṭṭha = proclaimed ● nikhāta = dug out● cita = collected ● nipanna = lying down● cuta = passed away ● nipphanna = made, conditioned● channa = covered ● nibbatta = born● chinna = cut, broken ● nibbuta = tranquilled, peaceful● jalita = glowing ● nimmita = created● jāta = born, grown ● nivattha = clad, clothed with,● jiṇṇa = old, decayed dressed● jita = subdued, conquered ● nisinna = sat, seated● ñāta = known ● nīta = led, carried● ṭhita = stood ● nhāta = bathed● tatta = heated ● pakka = cooked, boiled, heated● tasita = thirsty ● pakkanta = gone● tiṇṇa = crossed, gone ashore ● paññatta = prepared (bed,● daṭṭha = bitten, stung seat), pointed out, made known,● daḍḍha = burnt laid down, ordained● danta = subdued ● paṭicchanna = covered● diṭṭha = seen ● paṭimaṇḍita = decorated,● dinna = given endowed● dīna = miserable, mean ● paṭiyatta = prepared, made ready● duṭṭha = corrupted ● patta = attained, arrived● duddha = milked ● patthaṭa = extensive● dubbinīta = badly trained ● paduṭṭha = corrupt

● pamudita = greatly delighted ● maggapaṭipanna = journeying● parikkhitta = surrounded by ● maṭṭha = polished● parikkhīṇa = exhausted ● mata = dead● parippuṇṇa = completely filled ● mata = thought, known, idea● parivuta = accompanied by, ● matta = intoxicated followed by, surrounded by ● malina = soiled● paviṭṭha = entered ● mita = measured● pahaṭa = beaten ● mutta = released, freed● paharita = wounded ● mūḷha = gone astray, foolish● pahīna = eliminated ● yāta = gone● paṃsumakkhita = soiled ● yutta = joined, connected with,● pātubhūta = manifested endowed with, would be fitting● pihita = shut ● yojita = yoked● pipāsita = thirsty ● rata = delighted, amused● pīta = drunk ● ruṭṭha = vexed, provoked, angry,● puṭṭha = asked, questioned enraged● puṭṭha = brought up ● ruddha = obstructed● puṇṇa = filled, full ● rūḷha = ascended● baddha = yoked, trapped ● lagga = adhered● buddha = enlightened, known ● laddha = received, obtained● bhagga = broken ● luddha = covetous, greedy● bhanta = swerving ● lūna = cut, mowed● bhinna = broken ● vaṇita = wounded● bhīta = frightened, afraid ● vāsita = scented● bhutta = eaten ● vippamutta = released● bhūta = become, been ● visiṭṭha = distinguished,




diversified ● suvibhatta = well divided● vutta = told, said, spoken ● susajjita = well prepared● vuttha = lived, dwelt ● susamāhita = well performed● vupakaṭṭha = secluded ● susikkhita = skilful● vyathita = wavering ● haṭa = carried● saṅkiṇṇa = mixed ● haṭṭha = delighted● saṅgamita = united ● hata = killed● sajjita = prepared● sañchanna = covered with● santa = calmed● sannipatita = assembled● samāgata = assembled● samuṭṭhita = arisen● sampatta = arrived● sampanna = abundant● sammaṭṭha = swept● saraṇagata = taken refuge● saṃvigga = agitated● saṃvuta = closed● sītibhūta = cooled● suciṇṇa = well practised or gathered● suta = heard● sutta = slept● sunivattha = well dressed● supāruta = well robed● suppatiṭṭhita = well established

Present tense, active (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 6th conjugations)

Singular Plural

3rd pacati pacanti

2nd pacasi pacatha

1st pacāmi pacāma

Present tense, active (5th conjugation)

Singular Plural

3rd vikkiṇāti vikkiṇanti

2nd vikkiṇāsi vikkiṇātha

1st vikkiṇāmi vikkiṇāma

Present tense, active (7th conjugation)

Singular Plural

3rd pāleti, pālayati pālenti, pālayanti

2nd pālesi, pālayasi pāletha, pālayatha

1st pālemi, pālayāmi pālema, pālayāma




Verb to be: atthi

Singular Plural

3rd atthi santi

2nd asi attha

1st amhi, asmi amha, asma

Present tense, passive

Singular Plural

3rd paharīyati paharīyanti

2nd paharīyasi paharīyatha

1st paharīyāmi paharīyāma

● agghīyati = is esteemed ● chijjati = is cut, is broken● acchindīyati = is plundered ● ḍayhati = is burnt● avāpurīyati = is opened ● dīyati = is given● icchīyati = is wished ● nikhaṇīyati = is buried● upanīyati = is served up ● nidhīyati = is deposited● olambīyati = is hung ● niyyati = is led or carried● karīyati = is done ● nīyati = is led or carried● kiṇīyati = is bought ● paccati = is cooked● khajjati = is eaten ● paṭhīyati = is read● cajīyati = is avoided ● patimānīyati = is admired● cīyati = is collected ● parivārīyati = is accompanied

● pavuccati = is said● paharīyati = is attacked● pīyati = is drunk● bajjhati = is bound or confined● bhijjati = is broken● bhuñjīyati = is eaten● bhūyati = is becoming● bhojīyati = is fed● mārīyati = is killed● muccati = is released● labbhati = is gotten● vaṇīyati = is wounded● vajjīyati = is avoided● vāsīyati = is perfumed● vimhayena olokīyati = is admired● vuyhati = is floated, is carried away by water● sarīyati = is remembered● suyyati = is heard● sūyati = is heard● haññati = is killed● hasīyati = is laughed at● hiṃsīyati = is tormented




Aorist, active (1st, 2nd, 5th conjugations)

Singular Plural

3rd apacī, pacī, apaci, paci apaciṃsu, paciṃsu, apacuṃ, pacuṃ

2nd apaco, paco apacittha, pacittha

1st apaciṃ, paciṃ apacimha, pacimha, apacimhā, pacimhā

Aorist, active (7th conjugation)

Singular Plural

3rd pālesi, pālayi pālesuṃ, pālayuṃ, pālayimsu

2nd pālayo pālayittha

1st pālesiṃ, pālayiṃ pālayimha, pālayimhā

Future tense

Singular Plural

3rd pacissati pacissanti

2nd pacissasi pacissatha

1st pacissāmi pacissāma

Past conditional

Singular Plural

3rd apacissā, apacissa apacissaṃsu

2nd apacisse apacissatha

1st apacissa apacissamhā

Parokkhā bases (3rd person singular)

● āha = has said● jagāma = has gone● jahāra = has carried● babhūva = has been● susoca = has mourned




Imperative mood

Singular Plural

3rd pacatu pacantu

2nd paca, pacāhi pacatha

1st pacāmi pacāma

Optative mood

Singular Plural

3rd paceyya paceyyuṃ

2nd paceyyāsi paceyyātha

1st paceyyāmi paceyyāma

Optative mood (attanopada)

Singular Plural

3rd pacetha paceraṃ

2nd pacetho paceyyavho

1st paceyyaṃ paceyyāmhe

Causatives● acchādeti = puts on● alaṅkāreti = causes to dress, robe● āgameti = expects● uggaṇhāpeti = teaches● upanāmeti = presents● uyyojeti = sends back, sends away● ussāpeti = raises● okirāpeti = strews● kampeti = causes to flutter● kāreti = builds, erects, causes to do● [puna] kāreti = rebuilds● khepeti = wastes● gāhāpeti = causes to take● corāpeti = causes to steal● chādeti = covers● ṭhapeti = places● dasseti = shows, pays [homage]● dāpeti = causes to give● dhāreti = possesses● nahāpeti = causes to bathe● nipajjāpeti = lays down● nivatteti = makes stay● nivāreti = avoids● nivāsāpeti = causes to dress, robe● nivāseti = robes/dresses oneself




● nivedeti = informs ● yojāpeti = causes to harness● pakkosāpeti = sends for ● roseti = makes angry, enrages● paññāpeti = lays down, prepares ● vaḍḍhāpeti = advances● paṭicchāpeti = hands over ● vaḍḍheti = increases● paṭisāmeti = sets in order ● vatteti = adopts● pabbājeti = causes to become a ● vasāpeti = causes to dwell, makes monk stay● sanṭhapeti = adjusts ● vināseti = destroys● payojeti = engages in ● vilimpāpeti = causes to be toiletted● palāpeti = drives away ● vissajjeti = leaves● pavatteti = begins rolling ● sannipāteti = assembles● paveseti = enters, takes in ● samassāseti = consoles● pasāreti = stretches ● sodheti = clears, inquires● pājeti = drives ● soseti = causes to dry● pāpeti = brings, advances● pāyeti = feeds, causes to drink● pāheti = causes to send● phāleti = splits, tears● bhūsāpeti = causes to be decorated● bhūseti = decks, adorns● bhojāpeti = causes to eat● bhojeti = causes to eat● makkheti = smears● māreti = kills, slays● mārāpeti = causes to kill● moceti = unties, releases

Infinitives● āvāhetuṃ = to marry (to a woman)● kattuṃ = to do● kātave = to do● kātuṃ = to do● gantuṃ = to go● chettuṃ = to cut● ñātuṃ = to know● ṭhātuṃ = to stand● dātuṃ = to give● paṭiladdhuṃ = to attain● pattuṃ = to arrive, to attain● pātuṃ = to drink● boddhuṃ = to perceive● bhottuṃ = to eat, to enjoy● yātuṃ = to go● laddhuṃ = to get, to obtain● vattuṃ = to say● vikketuṃ = to sell● vivāhetuṃ = to marry (a woman away)● sotuṃ = to hear● hattuṃ = to carry




Absolutives● akkamma = having trodden● aññāya = having known or understood● anuvicca = having known or considered● abhirūhana = embarking, ascending, mounting● avecca = having understood● āgamma = having come● ādāya = having taken● ānīya = having brought● ārabbha = having begun, on account of, concerning● āruyha = having ascended● āhacca = having knocked or struck● uggahetvāna = having learned● upasampajja = having attained, being ordained● upecca = having come near● uṭṭhāya = having risen [from the seat]● upalabbha = having got● upahacca = having vexed● uppajja = having been born or arisen● okkamma = having gone aside● oruyha = having descended● katvā = having done● kārāpetvā = having (caused to be) done● gantvā = having gone● gayha = having taken● gahetvā = having taken

● catvā = having abandoned● chādāpetvā = having caused to be covered or thatched● chetvā = having cut or broken● ñatvā = having known● ṭhatvā = having stood or stayed● ṭhapetvā = having placed, except● datvā = having given● disvā = having seen● dhovana = washing● nahātvā = having bathed● nikkhamma = having come out● nipacca = having bowed down● nimantiya = having invited● nisajja = having sat● nihacca = having knocked down● nītvā = having carried● netvā = having carried● paggayha = having raised up or held up● patvā = having come or arrived● paṭiggahetvā = having received or taken● paṭissutvā = having replied● paṭihata = having knocked against● pamajja = having delayed, being negligent● pavissa = having entered● pasādetvā = having converted● pahāya = having left or abandoned




● pātvā = having drunk● pesetvā = having sent● butvā = having eaten● bhetvā = having broken or opened● mantvā = having thought● yātvā = having gone● laddhā = having got● vidhāya = having commanded or done● vibhajja = having divided● viceyya = having considered● vineyya = having removed● vivicca = having separated● vuṭṭhāya = having risen up● saṅgamma = having gathered together● saṅgahetvā = having treated● sammuyha = having forgotten● sutvā = having heard● hatvā = having killed● hutvā = being, having being● hantvā = having killed

Notes:




Vocabulary

m* indicates masculine nouns of the mano-group.

[ a ]

akā (v) did.akusala (n) bad deed.akkamati (v) treads upon.akkosati (v) scolds.akkharasamaya (m) science of reading and writing.akkhi (n) eye.agāra (n) house.agga (adj) chief, foremost, highest, top.aggamahesi (f) chief queen.aggala (n) cross-bar, latch.aggi (m) fire.aṅgaṇa (n) open space.aṅgarakkhaka (m) body-guard.aṅgāra (m) charcoal.aṅgula (m) inch.aṅguli (f) finger.acala (adj) unshakable.accanta (adj) sheer.accanta-namassanīya (adj) most worshipful.accayena (ins of accaya) after death.acci (n) flame.accha (m) bear.aja (m) goat.ajja (adv) today.

ajjatana (adj) belonging to this day.ajjhāvasati (v) dwells.añña (pron/adj) other, another.aññatara (pron/adj) certain.aññatitthiya (m) person of other faith.aññatra (adv) without, in another place.aññathā (adv) in another way.aññāsi (v) knew.añño koci (phrase) someone else.aṭavi (f) forest.aṭṭha (num) eight.aṭṭhakathā (f) commentary.aṭṭhama (adj) eighth.aṭṭhi (n) bone, seed.aṇḍa (n) egg.aṇḍaja (m) born from an egg, bird or serpent.atikaṭuka (adj) very severe.atikkamati (v) goes beyond, surpasses, leaves behind.atikkameti (v) spends [time].atichatta (n) special umbrella.atithi (m) guest.atidukkara (adj) very difficult.atibhāriya (adj) very serious.atimahant (adj) immense.atirocati (v) shines very much.ativuṭṭhi (f) excess of rain.atisundara (adj) excellent.atīte (indec) once upon a time.attaja (m) son.attan (pron) own, self.

attano attano (phrase) their own, their respective.attabhāva (m) state.attamana (adj) glad.attha (m) necessity.atthaṅgacchati (v) disappears, [sun] sets.atthannū (m) knower of the meaning.attharati (v) spreads.atthāya (dat) for.atthi (v) verb to be.atra (adv) here.atha (indec) thereupon.atha kho (phrase) and then.athavā (conj) or.atho (indec) also.adinnādāna (n) theft. [lit. taking what is not given.]addha (num) half.addhan (m) interval of time.addhamāsa (m) fortnight.addharattaṃ (adv) middle of the night.addhā (m) long time. (adv) certainly, [is] sure.addhānamagga (m) high road.adhana (adj) poor.adhika (adj) exceeding.adhikatarussāha (m) utmost care.adhigacchati (v) attains, obtains, gets.adhiṭṭhāti (v) resolves, determines.adhiṭṭhāna (n) determination.adhipati (m) lord, leader, superior.adhirājan (m) emperor.adhivasati (v) lives in.




adhivāsanā (f) assent, endurance.adho (adv) below.adhogaṅgaṃ (adv) down the river.anagāriya (n) homelessness.anagāriyaṃ pabbajati (phrase) leaves the household life.anattamana (adj) irritated.ananucchavika (adj) inappropriate.anapāyinī (f) which does not leave.anariya (adj) ignoble, low.anasana (n) abstinence from food.anāgata (m) future.anātha (adj) helpless.anicca (adj) impermanent.aniṭṭha (adj) not agreeable.anu (prep) along.anukampati (v) sympathises.anukaraṇa (n) imitation.anukkama (m) order.anukkamati (v) follows.anukkamena (adv) gradually, by degrees.anugacchati (v) follows, accompanies.anugharaṃ (adv) house after house.anucchavika (adj) fit, suitable.anujānāti (v) agrees.anuññā (f) consent.anutappati (v) repents.anudisā (f) intermediate quarter.anupaddava (adj) free from danger, safe.anupubbena (adv) in regular order, in due course, in turn.

anuppabandha (m) recurring series.anubandhati (v) chases.anubhavati (v) enjoys, suffers.anumati (f) consent, approval, assent.anuyuñjati (v) gives oneself up, practises, pursues.anurathaṃ (adv) behind the chariot.anuvattati (v) obeys.anuvassaṃ (adv) year by year, annually.anuvātaṃ (adv) following or with the wind.anuvāte (loc) in the direction of the wind.anuvādeti (v) translates.anuvitakketi (v) ponders over.anusaya (m) predisposition.anusāsati (v) admonishes, advises.anusāsana (n) admonition.anussarati (v) remembers.aneka (adj) many.anopamavaṇṇa (adj) of peerless beauty.anta (m) end.antamaso (adv) at least.antaradhāyati (v) disappears.antarā (adv) between.antarāya (m) danger.antare (adv) among.antima (adj) last, final.ante (loc) finally.antevāsika (m) resident pupil.anto (adv) inside, within.antogāma (n) inside the village, inner village.antonivesanaṅgaṇa (n) inner court, surrounded

compound.antovassam (adv) within the rainy season.andha (adj) blind.andha-bāla (adj) very foolish [lit. blindly].annadāyin (m) giver of rice or food.anvaddhamāsaṃ (adv) once in a fortnight.anvāyika (n) follower.anveti (v) follows.apakāra (m) injury, mischief.apakkamati (v) goes inside, deviates.apagacchati (v) goes away, moves aside, moves off, departs, retires, abstains.apagatakāḷaka (adj) removed or cleansed of dark spots.apaciti (f) reverence.apacināti (v) makes less, diminishes.apadatā (f) footlessness.apara (pron/adj) other, western.aparabhāge (loc) afterwards.aparādha (m) crime.apāpurati (v) opens.apāya (m) state of suffering.api (conj) too, even, also.apidhāna (n) lid.apilāpeti (v) talks idly, boasts.apiḷandha (adj) adorned.apeti (v) moves aside.appaka (adj) few, a little [collective].appasadda (adj) quiet.appassuta (adj) ignorant.appoṭheti (v) claps hands.




abbuda (m) contention, dissension. [lit. tumour]abbha (n) cloud.abbhañjati (v) anoints.abbhantara (n) inner part.abbhantara[-gabbha] (m) vault.abbhuggacchati (v) jumps up.abbhuṇha (adj) warm.abbhuyyāti (v) marches against.abhikkanta (adj) brilliant.abhikkamati (v) goes ahead, proceeds.abhijjhā (f) covetousness.abhijjhālu (adj) covetous.abhiṇhaṃ (adv) constantly, not seldom.abhitthavati (v) applauds.abhitthunati (v) praises.abhidhamma (m) special doctrine.abhidhāvati (v) runs against.abhinandati (v) rejoices, expresses approval.abhinikkhamati (v) leaves the household life, retires from the world.abhinīharati (v) brings forth, takes out.abhinīhāra (m) aspiration.abhimukha (n) presence. (adj) facing, opposite.abhirati (f) delight, satisfaction.abhiramati (v) enjoys.abhirūpa (adj) handsome, very beautiful.abhivaḍḍhati (v) increases.abhivādeti (v) salutes, bows down.abhivisiṭṭharūpa (adj) supremely beautiful.abhisanda (m) result.

abhisambujjhati (v) attains perfect knowledge.abhisambodhi (f) perfect knowledge.abhiseka (m) coronation.amacca (m) councillor.amata (n) ambrosia.amanussa (m) non-human being.amātāpitika (adj) orphan.amba (m,n) mango.ambu (n) water.ambho (particle used in addressing equals).ammā (f) mother.aya (m*) iron.ayutta (n) injustice.ayoguḷa (m) iron ball.ayopeḷā (f) iron safe.ayomaya (adj) made of iron.ayya (m) lord.arañña (n) forest.araññavihāra (m) forest-dwelling.araha (adj) worthy of.arahatta (n) the highest stage of the Path.arahant (m) saint.ari (m) enemy.ariya (adj) noble.ariyasacca (n) noble truth.ariyasāvaka (m) a disciple who has attained the path.aroga (adj) free from sickness.alaṅkaroti (v) adorns, decorates.alaṅkāra (m) ornament.alattha (v) got.

alaṃ (indec) enough.alāta (n) firebrand.allīna (adj) clinging.avajānāti (v) despises.avatthā (f) occasion.avamāneti (v) despises.avaṃsira (adj) head downward.avarodhaka (m) besieger.avasarati (v) arrives at.avasiṭṭha (adj) remaining.avasesa (adj) remaining.avaharati (v) takes away, steals.avidūra (adj) near.avisesaṃ (adv) alike.avera (m) benevolence, friendliness.asaṅkheyya (n) the highest number.asani (f) thunder-bolt.asappurisa (m) wicked person.asamattha (adj) not able.asi (m) sword.asuci (m) dung, dirt. (adj) impure.asnāti (v) eats.assa (m) horse.assattha (m) fig tree.assabhaṇḍaka (n) horse trappings. (m) groom.assama (m) hermitage.assamaṇa (m) not a monk.assasālā (f) stable.assu (n) tear.aha (n) day.




ahata (adj) new.ahi (m) serpent.aho (indec) alas!ahosi (v) was.

[ ā ]

ākaṅkhati (v) wishes.ākaḍḍhati (v) pulls, drags.ākara (m) deposit.ākāsa (m) sky.ākirati (v) scatters, pours.ākoṭeti (v) knocks upon.ākhu (m) rat.āgacchati (v) comes.āgantuka (m) stranger.āgantukāma (adj) willing to come.āgamana (ger) arrival.ācariya (m) teacher, commentator.ācikkhati (v) tells, says, informs.āṇā (f) command.āṇāpeti (v) bids, orders.ātapa (m) heat of the sun.ādi (m) beginning. (n) et cetera, and so on.ādicca (m) sun.... ādiṃ katvā (phrase) from ... on.ādhāvati (v) runs here and there.ādhipacca (n) lordship, government.ādhipateyya (n) lordship, power.ānisaṃsa (m) result.

ānubhāva (m) power, splendour.āneti (v) brings.āpaṇa (m) shop, market.āpabbatā (phrase) as far as the mountain.āpānamaṇḍala (n) drinking or banquet hall.ābādha (m) sickness.ābharaṇa (n) ornament.ābhujati (v) bends.āma (adj) unripe. (indec, voc) yes.āmanteti (v) calls, addresses.āyasmantu (adj) venerable.āyāti (v) approaches.āyu (n) age.āyudha (n) weapon.ārabhati (v) begins.ārāma (m) garden, monastery.āruhati (v) ascends, climbs. mounts.ārogya (n) health.āroceti (v) announces, informs.ārohaṇa (n) ascending.ālinda (m) terrace.āloka (m) light.āvapati (v) gives away.āvasathāgāra (n) resthouse.āvahāti (v) brings.āvāṭa (m) pit.āvāha-vivāha-sambandha (m) matrimonial alliance.āvuṇāti (v) strings, fixes on.āvuso (indec, voc) brethren, friend.āsana (n) seat.

āsanna (adj) near.āsannaṭṭhāna (n) neighbourhood.āsamuddaṃ (adv) as far as the sea-coast.āsaya (m) deposit.āsava (m) passion.āsiñcati (v) sprinkles, pours.āsiṃ (v) [I] was.āha (v) said, told.āharati (v) brings.āhāra (m) food.āhiṇḍati (v) wanders, roams, travels.

[ i ]

icchati (v) wishes, wants.iṭṭha (adj) agreeable.iṇa (n) debt.itara (pron/adj) the other.iti (indec) thus.iti jāni (phrase) knew that.ito (adv) hence.itthaṃ (adv) thus.itthī (f) woman.idāni (adv) now.iddhibala (n) supernatural power.iddhimantu (adj) possessed of supernatural power.idha (adv) here.indriya (n) sense.ima (pron) this.iriyāpatha (m) posture.




iva (indec) like, as.isi (m) sage, hermit.issara (m) ruler.iha (indec) here.

[ u ]

ukkā (f) torch.ukkāsati (v) coughs, clears the throat.ukkujjati (v) turns up.ukkhipati (v) raises up, throws up.uggaṇhāti (v) learns, studies.uggaṇhitukāma (adj) willing to learn.ugghoseti (v) shouts.ucca (adj) high, tall.uccaṭṭhāna (n) high position.uccināti (v) selects.ucchindati (v) cuts off, breaks up, destroys.ucchu (m) sugarcane.uju (adj) straight.uṭṭhahati (v) rises, stands up.uṭṭhāpeti (v) raises, awakens.uḍḍeti (v) flies.uṇha (adj) hot.utuguṇa (m) climate.uttama (adj) highest, greatest.uttamaṅgaruha (m) hair [on the head].uttara (adj) northern.uttaritara (adj) higher, nobler.uttariṃ (adv) further.

uttāna (adj) shallow.udaka (n) water.udadhi (m) ocean, sea.udaya (m) increase, rise.udara (n) stomach.udariya (n) undigested food.udeti (v) [the sun or moon] rises.uddhaṃ (indec) zenith.uddhaṃpāda (adj) feet upward.upakaraṇa (n) thing.upakāra (m) help.upakkama (m) means, expedient, attack, plan.upacināti (v) collects, gathers.upajjhāya (m) preceptor [to a monk].upaṭṭhāka (m) servitor.upaṭṭhāti (v) approaches.upatthambheti (v) helps.upadhāreti (v) looks out for.upanagara (n) suburb.upanagaraṃ (adv) near the town.upanayhati (v) wraps, twists round.upanisīdati (v) sits near.upanissāya (abs) depending on, close by.upaneti (v) brings up, presents.upaparikkhati (v) examines, enquires, inspects.upabbajati (v) visits.upamāna (n) comparison.upari (adv) up, over, on top, overhead.uparima (adj) uppermost.upalimpeti (v) bedaubs.

upavattati (v) takes place.upavāda (m) blaming, finding fault.upasaṅkamati (v) approaches, draws near.upasampadā (f) [higher] ordination.upasampādeti (v) ordains.upasevati (v) takes [medicine].upasevanā (f) keeping company, pursuit.upassaya (m) house.upāgacchati (v) approaches, comes to, arrives at, reaches.upāyakusala (adj) clever.upāsaka (m) devotee, layman.upāsikā (f) female devotee.upāhana (m) sandals.uposathakamma (n) keeping of the Uposatha, obervance of eight precepts.uppakkamati (v) strives, plans.uppajjati (v) is born, arises.uppaṭṭhāna (n) attending, nursing.uppala (n) water-lily.uppādeti (v) makes, obtains.ubhaya (pron/adj) both.ubhayathā (adv) in both ways.ummagga (m) wrong path, a tunnel.uyyāna (n) park, pleasance.uyyānapāla (m) gardener.uyyānabhūmi (f) park, garden.uyyojeti (v) sends away.ura (m*) breast.uraga (m) serpent.




ussava (m) festival.ussahati (v) tries, attempts, strives, endeavours.ussāraṇā (f) causing to move back.uḷunka (m) ladle.

[ e ]

ek'evā (indec) each.eka (pron/adj) one, certain.ekaka (adj) single, alone.ekakkhattuṃ (adv) once.ekakkhika (adj) one-eyed.ekacca (adj) some.ekato (adv) together.ekattha (adv) in one place.ekadā (adv) one day, once.ekadhā (adv) in one way.ekamantaṃ (adv) aside, on one side.ekameka (pron) each one.ekaṃsena (adv) in all probability.ekībhāvam-upaneti (v) unites.ekeka (adj) one by one.eta (pron) this, that.etad ahosi (phrase) this [thought] arose [in him].eti (v) comes.ettaka (adj) this much.ettha (adv) here.eva (adv) surely, so, only.evam eva (phrase) just so.evam evaṃ (phrase) just so.

evaṃ (adv) thus, as follows, so, yes.evarūpa (adj) such, of this sort.eḷamūga (m) idiot.

[ o ]

okāsa (m) space, room, place.okirati (v) strews.okkamati (v) descends, leaves [the road].ocināti (v) gathers [together], collects.oja (m*) splendour.ojavanta (adj) rich in sap, nourishing.otarati (v) gets down.otāra (m) chance, fault.odana (m) cooked rice.odhi (m) limit.onamati (v) bends down.obhāsa (m) lustre, light.omuñcati (v) takes off [shoes, etc.], removes, unfastens.oruhati (v) descends.orodha (m) harem.olambati (v) hangs.oloketi (v) looks at, watches.ovadati (v) admonishes.ovaraka (m) apartment, inner chamber.osāne (loc) finally.

[ k ]

ka (pron) who?

kakkhaḷa (adj) cruel.kaṅkhā (f) doubt.kacavara (m) refuse.kacchapa (m) tortoise, turtle.kacchu (f) itch.kañcuka (m) mantle.kaññā (f) girl, maiden, young woman.kaṭacchu (m) spoon.koṭṭhaka (m) an enclosure, a closet.kaṇiṭṭha (adj) youngest.kaṇeru (f) she-elephant.katama (pron/adj) which [of the many].katara (pron/adj) which [of the two].katidhā (adv) in how many ways?katipaya (adj) few [distributive].kattar (m) doer, maker, builder, author.kattha (adv) where?kathaṃ (adv) how? in what way?kathā (f) speech, sermon.katheti (v) tells, says, speaks, talks, answers.kadalī (f) plantain; pennant.kadā (adv) when?kanaka (n) gold.kantati (v) spins.kantāra (m) desert.kandati (v) cries aloud.kapi (m) monkey.kappa (m) an aeon.kappeti (v) caparisons.kama (n) course, order.




kampati (v) shakes.kambala (m,n) [woollen] blanket.kamma (n) action, deed.kammakāra (n) worker, labourer.kammakkhaya (m) exhaustion of karma.kammaja (m) arisen through a previous action.kammaṭṭhāna (n) topic for meditation.kammanta (m) business, work.karaṇḍa (m) casket.karī (m) elephant.karuṇā (f) compassion.karoti (v) does, acts, performs, builds.kavi (m) poet.kasati (v) ploughs.kasana (ger) ploughing.kasmā (adv) why?kassaka (m) farmer.kahāpaṇa (m) florin, coin.kāka (m) crow.kākī (f) she-crow.kāṇa (adj) blind [in one eye].kāma (m) sensual pleasure. (suffix/adj) desirous.kāmatā (f) desire.kāmaṃ (indec) surely.kāya (m) body.kāyika (adj) bodily.kāraka (m) builder.kāraṇa (n) reason.kāriya (n) work.kāretar (m) one who causes to do.

kāla (m) time.kālass'eva (indec) early.kālaṃ karoti (v) dies.kāsāva (n) orange-coloured garment, monk's robe.kāsu (f) pit.kāḷa (adj) black.kikī (f) blue jay.kicca (n) work, business.kiñci (indec) something.kiṇāti (v) buys.kittaka (adj) how much.kitti (f) fame.kiṃ su (indec) an interrogative particle.kira (narrative) you know.kilañja (m) mat.kilanta (adj) weary.kīḷati (v) plays.kukkuṭī (f) hen.kucchi (m) belly.kuñjara (m) elephant.kuṭṭha (n) leprosy.kuṭṭhī (m) leper.kuṇi (adj) crooked-handed, having a paralysed arm.kuṇḍikā (f) pitcher.kuto (adv) from where?kudācanaṃ (indec) sometimes. [na kudācanaṃ = never]kuppati (v) is angry.kubbati (v) does.kumāra (m) boy, prince.

kumārī (f) girl, princess, damsel.kumuda (n) white water-lily.kumbha (m) pot.kumbhakāra (m) potter.kumbhaghosaka (m) name of a person.kula (n) family, caste, household.kulaparivaṭṭa (n) generation.kulaputta (m) clansman, son of a respectable family.kulavantu (adj) of high caste.kusa (m) a kind of fragrant grass.kusala (n) good, meritorious deed.[upāya-]kusala (adj) clever.kuhaṃ (adv) where?kuhiṃ (adv) where?kūjati (v) sings [of birds].kūṭa (m) mass, heap.kūpa (m) well.kūla (n) bank [of a river, etc.]ketu (m) banner.kesa (m) hair.kesadhātu (f) hair-relic.kesava (adj) having much hair.kokila (m) cuckoo.koci (indec) whoever, someone.koṭi (num) crore = 10 million.kodha (m) anger.kosalla (n) cleverness.koḷambanagara (m) Colombo.

[ kh ]




khajja (n) hard food.khajjopanaka (m) fire-fly.khaṇa (m) moment.khaṇati (v) digs.khaṇḍa (m) piece.khattiya (adj) of warrior caste.khanti (f) patience.khandha (m) shoulder. aggregate, great mass, trunk [of a tree].khandhāvāra (m) camp.khara (adj) rough, coarse.khalu (indec) indeed.khāṇu (m) stump.khādati (v) eats.khinnacitta (adj) disappointed.khipati (v) throws, casts, hurls.khippaṃ (adv) quickly.khīṇasava (m) saint.khīra (n) milk.khīrapāyāsa (m) meal of rice-milk.khīrapāyin (m) mammal, one who drinks milk.khudā (f) hunger, famine.khuddaka (adj) small.khetta (n) field.kheda (m) despair.kho (indec) indeed.

[ g ]

gaṅgā (f) river.gacchati (v) goes.gajjati (v) roars.gaṇa (m) crowd, sect.gaṇikā (f) courtesan.gaṇī (m) one who has a following.gaṇhāti (v) takes.gantar (m) goer.gantukāma (adj) anxious to go.ganthakāra (m) author of a book.ganthāvali (f) literature.gandha (m) smell, fragrance, odour.gandhodaka (n) scented water.gabbha (m) chamber.gamana (n) going, walking.gamanamagga (n) the path that is to be gone.gambhīra (adj) deep.garahati (v) despises.garu (m) teacher.garukaroti (v) pays reverence.garugabbhā (f) pregnant.gavesati (v) seeks.gahana (n) taking, holding.gahapati (m) householder.gāthā (f) verse.gāma (m) village.gāmavāsī (m) villager.gāmika (n) villager, peasant.gāyati (v) sings.gārava (m) respect, homage, reverence, heaviness.

gāravaṃ dassetuṃ (phrase) to pay homage.gāravena (ins) in homage.gāvī (f) cow.gāha (m) taking.gāhaka (m) taker, bearer.gāhāpaka (m) one who causes to take.gimhika (adj) suited for the summer.giri (m) mountain, hill.gilāna (adj) sick [person].gilānūpama (adj) similar to a patient.gihī (m) layman.gīta (n) song, hymn, singing.gīvā (f) neck.guṇa (m) virtue.guṇavantu (adj) virtuous.gumbantara (n) enclosure [of trees].guhā (f) cave.gelañña (n) sickness.geha (m,n) house, building.go (m) cattle.gocara (m) food, object.goṇa (m) ox, bull.godhā (f) iguana.gopānasī (f) roof-gable.gopuraṭṭha (adj) stood on the gate-tower.gopeti (v) guards, protects.

[ gh ]

ghaṭa (m) water-pot.




ghata (n) ghee.ghanaṃ (adv) thickly.ghara (n) house.gharāvāsa (m) household life.ghātika (adj) mixed with ghee.ghāna (n) nose.ghāyati (v) smell.

[ c ]

ca (conj, enclitic) and, also.cakka (n) wheel.cakkamagga (m) track of a wheel.cakkavattī (m) universal monarch.cakkāyudha (n) sceptre-javelin.cakkumantu (adj) possessor of eyes.cakkhu (n) eye.cajati (v) abandons.catu (num) four.catuttha (adj) fourth.catuppada (adj) quadruped, that which has four feet.catubbidha (adj) fourfold.canda (m) moon.candana (n) sandal-wood.camarī (m) the yak.camma (n) skin.carati (v) walks, travels.carapurisa (m) spy.carita (n) living, life, wandering.cavati (v) passes away.

cāga (m) charity, leaving, forsaking.cārikaṃ carati (v) travels.cārikā (f) wandering, journey.citta (n) mind.cittaṃ karoti (v) makes up the mind.cittaṃ paṇidahati (v) makes up the mind.cintayati (v) thinks.cintā (f) thought.cinteti (v) thinks.ciraṃ (adv) for a long time.ce (conj, enclitic) if.ceta (m*) thought.cetiya (n) shrine, pagoda.cetiyaṅgaṇa (n) platform around a shrine.cetopasāda (m) gratification.cuṇṇeti (v) powders.cora (m) thief, robber, bandit.coreti (v) steals.

[ ch ]

cha (num) six.chaṭṭha (adj) sixth.chaḍḍeti (v) throws away.chaṇa (m) festival.chatta (n) umbrella.chattagāhin (m) bearer of an umbrella.chattī (m) possessor of an umbrella.chanda (m*) metrics.chavi (f) upper skin.

chaḷabhiññāppatta (adj) one who has attained the six supernatural powers.chādeti (v) covers, conceals.chāyā (f) shadow, shade.chindati (v) cuts.chettar (m) cutter.cheda (m) loss.

[ j ]

jaṅghā (f) calf of the leg shank.jaṭā (f) plaiting.jaṭiya (m) ascetic.jaṭila (m) ascetic.jaṇṇu (n) knee.jaṇṇumatta (adj) knee-deep.jatu (n) sealing wax.jana (m) person, people.janatā (f) populace.janapada (m) country, territory, province, district.jambudīpa (m) India.jayaggāhaka (adj) conquering.jayati (v) conquers, is victorious.jarā (f) decay.jala (n) water.jalati (v) blazes, shines, burns.jahati (v) leaves, abandons.jahāti (v) leaves, abandons.jalaṭṭha (m) situated in or on the water.java (m) speed.




jāti (f) species, class.jānapadika (m) peasant.jānāti (v) knows.jānu (n) knee.jāyati (v) arises, is born.jāyā (f) wife.jālika (m) one who lives by fishing with a net.jāleti (v) kindles, lights.jina (m) victor.jināti (v) conquers, wins.jivhā (f) tongue.jīvati (v) lives.jīvikaṃ kappeti (phrase) gains a livelihood.jīvita (n) life.jeṭṭha (adj) elder.jeti (v) conquers.jetar (m) victor, winner, conqueror.jotati (v) glows.

[ jh ]

jhāna (n) trance, meditation.jhāpeti (v) burns over, sets on fire.jhāma (adj) charred.jhāyati (v) ponders.

[ ñ ]

ñāṇa (n) wisdom.ñātar (n) knower.

ñāti (m) relation.

[ ṭh ]

ṭhapeti (v) keeps, places, sets up, fixes.ṭhāna (n) place.ṭhānaso (adv) according to the place or cause.

[ ḍ ]

ḍasati (v) bites.

[ t ]

ta (pron) that.takkika (m) logician.taṇḍula (m,n) rice (uncooked).taṇḍulika (m) rice merchant.taṇhā (f) lust, thirst.tata'eva (indec) similarly.tatiya (adj) third.tato (adv) from there.tato nidānam (phrase) on that account, through that.tato paṭṭhāya (phrase) thence, since then.tattaka (adj) same amount.tatth'eva (adv) on the spot.tattha (adv) there, in that state.tattha tattha (phrase) here and there.tatra (adv) there.tath'eva (indec) likewise.

tathā (adv) just so, so that, like that, in that way.tathā pi (indec) but, but perhaps.tathāgata (m) the Buddha.tad eva (phrase) same thing.tadā (adv) then.tanoti (v) expands.tantavāya (m) weaver.tapati (v) shines.tapa (m*) religious austerity.tapassī (m) hermit.tapodhana (m) monk.tama (m*) darkness.tamonuda (adj) dispelling darkness.tamba (m) brass.tambūla (n) betel [leaf].taya (n) triad.tarati (v) crosses.taru (m) tree.taruṇī (f) young woman.tala (n) level.tasmā (indec) therefore.tahaṃ (adv) there.tahiṃ (adv) there.tāta (m) dear son or father.tāpasa (m) hermit.tāpasī (f) female hermit.tāpeti (v) heats.tārakā (f) star.tālapaṇṇa (n) palmyra leaf, ola.tālavana (n) palmyra grove.




tāva (indec) till then, so long.tāvataka (adj) that much.tāḷa (m) music.ti (num) three.tika (n) triad.tiṭṭhati (v) stands, remains, stays, waits.tiṇa (n) grass.titti (f) satisfaction.titthiya (m) heretical teacher.tipiṭakapāḷi (f) the text of the Buddhist Canon.tipu (n) lead.tiriyaṃ (adv) across.tiro (adv) across.tiṃsati (num) thirty.tīra (n) bank.tuṭṭha (adj) glad.tuṭṭhi (f) pleasure.tuṭṭho bhava (voc) be merry.tuṇḍa (n) beak.tuṇḍila (m) pecker.tuṇhī bhavati (v) keeps silence.tutta (n) a pike for guiding an elephant.turita-turitam (adv) quickly.turiyabhaṇḍa (n) musical instrument.tulā (f) scale, balance.teja (m*) heat, power.tejassī (adj) brilliant, powerful.tena kho pana samayena (phrase) at that time.tena hi (indec) therefore.temeti (v) gets wet.

tela (n) oil.telappadīpa (m) oil lamp.telika (m) dealer in oil.

[ th ]

thanapa (m) infant.thambha (m) pillar.thala (n) land.thalaja (m) born or arisen on the land.thalaṭṭha (m) situated or living on the land.thāma (m*) strength.thāmadassī (m) one who knows his strength.thāla (n) dish, plate.thuti (f) praise.thera (m) elder, senior monk.thoka (adj) a little, smallthokaṃ (adv) a little.thometi (v) praises.

[ d ]

dakkhiṇa (adj) right, southern.daṇḍa (m) staff.daṇḍaka (m) twig.daṇḍadīpikā (f) torch.daṇḍa-parāyaṇa (adj) leaning on a staff.dadāti (v) gives.daddu (f) eczema.dadhi (n) curd.

danta (m) tusk.dantakaṭṭha (n) toothbrush, a stick to cleanse teeth.danta-kalyāṇa (n) splendour of teeth.dantadhātu (f) tooth relic.dantī (m) elephant.dabba (n) material.damiḷa-rājan (m) Tamil king.dameti (v) subdues.dayā (f) kindness.dayālu (adj) compassionate.dasa (num) ten.dasama (adj) tenth.dassana (n) seeing, sight.dassanīya (adj) beautiful, handsome.dahara (adj) young.daḷidda (adj) poor.daḷha (adj) tight, firm.daḷhaṃ (adv) tightly, strictly.dāṭhā (f) tusk.dāṭhī (m) tusker.dātar (m) giver.dāna (n) charity, alms.dānadāya (m) alms-giver.dānapati (m) liberal donor, philanthrophist.dāpeti (v) gives.dāpetu (m) one who causes to give.dāma (m) wreath.dāyaka (n) giver, donor.dāyāda (m) inheritance.dāra (m) wife.




dāraka (m) boy, child, baby.dārikā (f) girl.dāru (n) firewood, wood, timber.dārumaya (adj) wooden.dāsa (m) slave, servant.dāsī (f) slave woman.dāḷiddiya (n) poverty.diguṇa (adj) twofold.dija (m) bird, brahman [lit. twice-born].dijagaṇa (m) flock of bird.dinakara (m) sun, maker of the day.dinnasuṅka (m) tax officer.dibba (adj) divine, celestial.dibbati (v) plays.dibbasampatti (f) heavenly bliss.divasa (m) day.disā (f) direction, quarter.disāpāmokkha (adj) famed far and wide, eminent in a district.dissati (v) appears.dīgha (adj) long.dīghajīvī (m) possessor of a long life.dīpa (m) island, lamp.dīpi (m) leopard, tiger.duccarita (n) vice, bad conduct.dukkara (adj) difficult to do.dukkha (n) suffering, trouble, pain, misery.dukkhaṃ (adv) with difficulty, miserably.dukkhita (adj) poor, weary.duggandha (m) bad smell.

duṭṭha (adj) wicked, evil.dutiya (adj) second.duddasa (adj) difficult to see.dundubhi (f) drum.dubbaṇṇa (adj) ugly.dubbala (adj) feeble, weak.dubbhikkha (n) scarcity of food, famine.duma (m) tree.dumagga (n) treetop.dullabha (adj) rare, difficult to get.duvidha (adj) of two kinds.dussa (n) cloth.dussati (v) vexes.dussīla (adj) of bad character.duhitu (f) daughter.dūta (m) envoy, messenger.dūrato (indec) from afar.dūraṃ (adv) far.dūseti (v) corrupts.deti (v) gives.deva (m) god, deity, sire.devatā (f) deity.devadūta (m) heavenly messenger.devasika (adj) daily.devāyatana (n) temple.devī (f) queen, goddess.desanā (f) discourse, preaching.deseti (v) preaches.dehanissita (adj) connected with the body.doṇi (f) boat.

dolā (f) palanquin.dovārika (m) gate-keeper.dosa (m) fault, misdeed.dohaḷa (m) longing [of a pregnant woman].dvaya (n) pair.dvādasa (num) twelve.dvāra (n) door, gate.dvi (num) two.dvika (n) pair.dvikkhattuṃ (adv) twice.dvidhā (adv) into two.dve vāre (acc, plural) twice.dvedhā (adv) in two.

[ dh ]

dhaja (m) streamer, banner.dhañña (n) corn.dhaññaphala (n) harvest.dhaññamāya (m) measurer of corn.dhana (n) wealth.dhanavantu (adj) rich, wealthy, well-to-do.dhanu (n) bow.dhanuggaha (m) archer.dhanena (ins) in point of wealth.dhamma (m) doctrine, norm.dhammakathika (m) preacher.dhamma-cakkhu (m) eye of wisdom.dhammacārī (m) observer of the Dhamma.dhammaṭṭha (adj) righteous.




dhammadesanā (f) religious discourse.dhammadhara (m) learned in the doctrine.dhammarāja (m) king of righteousness.dhammavādin (m) preacher, righteous person.dhamma-vinaya (m) doctrine and discipline.dhammasangīti (f) rehearsal of the Dhamma.dhammāsana (n) pulpit.dhammika (adj) righteous.dhaṃsati (v) falls from, sinks down.dhātu (f) element, relic.dhārā (f) blade.dhāreti (v) knows by heart, bears.dhāvati (v) runs.dhītu (f) daughter.dhuṇāti (v) shakes, destroys.dhura (n) office, responsibility.dhuvaṃ (adv) [is] sure.dhūli (f) dust.dhenu (f) cow [of any kind].dhovati (v) washes.dhovana (n) washing.

[ n ]

na kiñci (indec) naught.na koci (indec) nobody.na cirass'eva (phrase) shortly after.nagara (n) city, town.nagaravāsī (m) citizen.nagga (adj) naked.

naṅgala (n) plough.naṅguṭṭha (n) tail.nacca (n) dance.naccati (v) dances.nattu (m) grandson.nadī (f) river.nandana (n) rejoicing.nabha (m*) sky, air.namassati (v) bows down.nayati (v) leads.nara (m) man.nava (num) nine. (adj) fresh.navakathā (f) novel.navaṅga (adj) that which has nine divisions.navappabandha (m) novel.navama (adj) ninth.nahāyati (v) bathes.nahuta (n) ten thousand.nāga (m) elephant.nāgara (m) citizen.nāginda (m) nāga chief.nāṭakitthī (f) dancing-girl.nāṭikā (f) female musician.nātha (m) lord. (adj) able.nānappakāra (adj) of various kinds.nānā (adv) separately. (indec) various.nānāvaṇṇa (adj) multi-coloured, of various colours.nānāsattha (n) various sciences.nānāsippa (n) various arts.nāma (n) name. (indec) indeed.

nāyaka (m) leader.nārī (f) woman.nāvā (f) ship.nāvika (m) sailor.nāsā (f) nose.nāsikā (f) nose.nāḷi (f) corn-measure.nāḷikera (m,n) coconut.nikāya (m) sect.nikāyattaya (n) three sections or sects.nikūjati (v) chirps, warbles.nikkujjati (v) turns down.nikkhamati (v) departs, sets forth, comes out of, goes out.nikhanati (v) digs.nikhila (adj) whole.nikhilavijjālaya (m) university.nigacchati (v) goes down to, undergoes, suffers.nigaṇṭha (m) naked ascetic.niggata (adj) departing from.nigrodha (m) Banyan tree.nicaya (m) heaping up, a heap.nidahati (v) deposits.niddā (f) sleep.nidhi (m) hidden treasure.nindati (v) despises.nipajjati (v) lies down.nipuṇa (adj) clever.nibaddhaṃ (adv) always.nibbattati (v) is born.nibbatteti (v) produces.




nibbāṇa (n) the summum bonum of the Buddhists.nibbindati (v) becomes disgusted [with locative].nimanteti (v) invites.nimittapāṭhaka (m) soothsayer.nimmala (adj) stainless.nimmināti (v) creates.niyāmeti (v) assigns, allots.niyuttaka-purisa (m) officer-in-charge.niyojeti (v) commissions.niyyāti (v) goes out.niyyānika (adj) leading to [salvation].niraya (m) hell.niravasesa (adj) entire.nirupaddava (adj) free from danger.niroga (adj) healthy.nivāseti (v) wears, dresses.nivesana (n) house, lodging, dwelling.nisākara (m) moon.nisinnaka (adj) sitting.nisīdati (v) sits, stays.nissāya (indec) on account of, close to, concerning.nissitaka (adj) dependent.nisseṇī (f) ladder.nīca (adj) inferior, low, vulgar.nīcapurisa (m) dwarf, vulgar man.nītigantha (m) law-book.nīla (adj) blue.nīvaraṇa (n) hindrance to the progress of the mind.nīharati (v) ejects, takes out.nu (indec) [interrogative particle]

nūnam (adv) certainly.neka-koṭisata (adj) counted by many crores.neti (v) carries, leads.netar (m) leader.nepuñña (n) skill, experience.nerayika (m) inhabitant of hell.no ce (indec) else.

[ p ]

pakāseti (v) expresses, declares, makes known, manifests.pakka (adj) ripe.pakkamati (v) goes forth/away.pakkosati (v) summons, calls near.pakkhāleti (v) washes.pakkhipati (v) puts in, throws in.pakkhī (m) bird.paggaṇhāti (v) raises up, holds out.paṅka (m) mud.paṅkaja (m) lotus.paṅkeruha (n) lotus.pacati (v) cooks.pacana (n) cooking.paccakkhaṃ (adv) face to face.paccantima (adj) remote.paccassosi (v) replied.paccāgacchati (v) goes back, returns.paccājāta (adj) reborn.paccuggamanaṃ karoti (phrase) goes forth to meet.

paccuṭṭheti (v) rises from the seat.paccuttaram adāsi (v) replied.paccupaṭṭhāpeti (v) retains, regains.pacchato (indec) behind.pacchā (adv) afterwards.pacchābhattaṃ (indec) afternoon [lit. after the meal].pacchāsamaṇa (m) attendant [monk].pacchima (adj) western, last.pacchimayāma (m) last watch.pacchimābhimukha (adj) facing the west.pajahati (v) leaves.pajānāti (v) knows clearly.pañca (num) five.pañcadhā (adv) in five ways.pañcama (adj) fifth.pañcaso (adv) five by five.pañña (adj) wise.paññā (f) wisdom.paññavantu (adj) wise.paññāvuddhi (f) increase of wisdom.paññāsā (num) fifty.pañha (m) question.paṭikkamati (v) goes back, steps backwards, retreats.paṭikkūla (adj) disgusting.paṭikkhipati (v) refuses.paṭigaṇhāti (v) accepts.paṭicca (indec) on account of, following upon [with acc.].paṭicchādeti (v) clothes.paṭijaggati (v) looks after.paṭijānāti (v) promises.




paṭiññā (f) consent, promise.paṭinivattati (v) returns, goes back.paṭinissajati (v) gives up.paṭipajjati (v) practises.paṭipāṭi (f) order.paṭipāṭiyā (adv) in succession.paṭipāṭiyā ṭhatvā (phrase) ranging in order.paṭibhāti (v) dawns on, comes to one's mind.paṭiyādeti (v) prepares, makes ready.paṭirāja (m) hostile king.paṭilabhati (v) attains, wins, regains.paṭivacana (n) reply.paṭivacanaṃ dadāti (v) answers.paṭivasati (v) stays.paṭivāte (loc) against the wind.paṭivijjhati (v) penetrates.paṭivedeti (v) informs.paṭivedha (m) attainment, insight.paṭisaṅkharoti (v) repairs.paṭisāmeti (v) puts in order.paṭisotaṃ (adv) against the current.paṭissuṇāti (v) assents, [replies].paṭu (adj) sharp, clever.paṭṭa (m) cloth.[-kālato] paṭṭhāya (indec) since.paṭhama (adj) first.paṭhamaṃ (adv) first.paṭhavi (f) earth.paṭhavojā (f) savoury earth.paṇidahati (v) longs for, aspires to.

paṇīta (adj) delicious, sweet, high.paṇḍicca (n) scholarship, erudition.paṇḍita (adj) wise.paṇḍitācariya (m) professor.paṇṇa (n) leaf.paṇṇasālā (f) leaf hut.paṇṇākāra (m) present.patati (v) falls, falls down.patākā (f) flag.pati (m) husband, master.patikula (n) husband's family.patigaṇhāti (v) receives, takes in.patiṭṭhāpeti (v) establishes, locates.patidinaṃ (adv) daily.patipucchati (v) asks again.patirūpa (adj) befitting, suitable, resembling, disguised as.patirūpaka (m) imposter.patta (n) [alms-] bowl, leaf.pattagāha (m) bearer of a bowl.patta-cīvara (n) bowl and robe.patti (f) infantry.pattika (m) infantry.patthanā (f) aspiration, wish.pattharati (v) spreads.patthitaṭṭhāna (n) destination.patthodana (m) a pasata measuring of rice.patha (m) path.pathika (m) traveller.pada (n) foot, word.

padakkhiṇā (f) circumambulation, going round.padaso (adv) word by word.padika (m) pedestrian.padīpa (m) lamp, light.paduma (n) lotus.padesa (m) province, district.padhaṃsiya (adj) violated.padhāna (adj) chief, foremost.pana (indec) but, yet, moreover.panasa (m,n) jackfruit.panti (f) line, class.panthaghātaka (m) highwayman.pannā (f) wisdom.pappoti (v) attains, comes.pabodheti (v) awakens.pabbajati (v) leaves the household life, becomes a monk.pabbajita (m) monk, recluse. (adj) ecclesiastical.pabbajjā (f) renunciation, ordination of a monk.pabbajjāsamaya (m) time to become a monk.pabbata (m) mountain, rock.pabbatarāji (f) range of hills.pabhaṇkara (m) sun.pabhavati (v) begins, springs from.pabhā (f) light.pabhāseti (v) brightens.pabhū (m) overlord.pamajjati (v) neglects.pamāṇa (n) measure, length.paya (m*) milk, water.payirupāsati (v) attends on, keeps company with.




payojayati (v) performs, engages in, employs, carries on [business].payojāna (n) need.payonidhi (m) ocean.para (pron/adj) other, the latter.parakkama (m) exertion, strife.parakkamati (v) strives, makes an effort.[andha-] paramparā (f) string [of blind].paraṃ (adv) after.paraloka (m) other world.parasuve (adv) day after tomorrow.parahīyo (adv) day before yesterday.parājaya (m) defeat.parājeti (v) vanquishes, overcomes.parābhava (m) ruin, disgrace.parāmasati (v) touches, deals with.parikkhipati (v) encircles.parikkhepa (m) encircling.paricarati (v) serves, attends.paricāraka (adj) attendant.paricārikā (f) maid.pariccājati (v) gives up.paricchindati (v) marks out, makes a limit.parijana (m) servant.parijānāti (v) knows perfectly.paridahati (v) wears.paridevati (v) weeps.paridhāvati (v) runs around.paridhāvana (ger) running about.parinibbāti (v) finally passes away.

parinibbāna (n) final passing away.paribbaya (m) provision, cost.paribbājaka (m) wandering ascetic.paribhāsati (v) abuses, reviles.paribhuñjati (v) partakes.pariyaṭaka (m) pilgrim.pariyāya (m) method, manner, synonym.pariyesati (v) seeks, hunts.pariyodapanā (f) cleansing, purification.parivajjeti (v) avoids, removes.parivattati (v) rolls, turns around.parivatteti (v) translates.parivāra (m) following.parivāritthī (f) attendant woman.parivāreti (v) surrounds.parivisati (v) feeds, serves while eating.parisamantato (indec) round and round.parisā (f) company, following, retinue.parisodheti (v) cleanses.pariharati (v) uses, bears.parihāyati (v) decreases, dwindles.parodati (v) weeps.palāyati (v) flees.palāla (n) straw.paluddha-bhāva (m) allurement.pallaṅka (m) cross-legged posture, couch, sofa.pavatti (f) news, report.pavattati (v) lasts.pavisati (v) enters.pavedana (n) announcement.

pavedhati (v) totters, trembles.pasattha (adj) excellent.pasanna (adj) clear, joyful.pasaṃsati (v) praises.pasayha (abs) by force, forcibly.pasāda (m) devotion, love.pasādeti (v) gladdens.pasibbaka (m) purse.pasīdati (v) becomes clear or glad.pasu (m) beast.passa (m, n) side.passati (v) sees, views, looks at, beholds.pahaṭāvakāsa (adj) obstructed, being not given a place.paharati (v) beats, strikes, hits.pahiṇati (v) sends.pahūtajivha (m) one whose tongue is broader than others.pahoti (v) is able.pāka (m) cooking.pākaṭa (adj) well-known, manifest.pākaṭatama (adj) most famous.pākāra (m) rampart.pācana (n) goad.pājeti (v) drives.pāṭaliputta (n) Patna.pāṭihāriya (n) miracle.pāṭava (n) dexterity, expertness.pāṭhasālā (f) school.pāṇaka (m) living being, insect.




pāṇi (m) hand.pāṇī (m) being.pāteti (v) fells, drops down.pātukāma (adj) wishing to drink.pāturahosi (v) manifested.pāto (adv) in the morning.pāto'va (indec) early.pātheyya (n) provision for a journey.pāda (m) leg, foot.pādika (m) pedestrian.pāna (m) drink.pānaka (n) syrup.pānīya (n) drink.pāpa (n) sin, evil. (adj) sinful.pāpakārin (m) evil-doer, sinner.pāpuṇāti (v) attains, comes to.pāmojja (n) joy.pālaka (m) protector.pālana (n) protection, observation.pāletar (m) protector.pāleti (v) protects, governs.pāvaka (m) fire.pāsa (m) snare.pāsāṇa (m) rock, stone.pāsāda (m) palace, mansion, building.pāsādika (adj) lovely.pi (conj) too.piṇḍa (m) alms.piṭṭha (n) surface.pitu (m) father.

pitusantaka (adj) paternal, belonging to father.pidahati (v) closes.pidhāna (n) lid.pipāsā (f) thirst.piya (adj) beloved, dear.piyāyaka (m) lover.pivati (v) drinks.piḷandhati (v) dons, adorns.pīṭha (n) chair.pīta (adj) yellow.pīti (f) delight, pleasure.pīḷeti (v) oppresses, teases.puggala (m) person.pucchati (v) asks.pucchā (f) question.puñña (n) merit, good action.puññakamma (n) meritorious deed.puññakkhaya (m) exhaustion of merit.puññavantu (adj) fortunate.puṇḍarīka (n) white lotus.puṇṇa (adj) full.puṇṇacanda (m) full-moon.puṇṇanadī (f) overflowing river.puṇṇamī (f) full moon day.putta (m) son.puthujjana (m) unconverted person.puna (adv) again.punappunaṃ (adv) again and again.punabbhava (m) rebirth.puppha (n) flower.

pubba (pron/adj) former, eastern.pubbaṇha (m) forenoon.pubbe viya (phrase) as before.pubbenivāsa (m) former life/lives.puman (m) male.pura (n) town, city.purakkharoti (v) has in front, looks at.purato (prep) in the front of, before.puratthābhimukha (adj) with the face towards the east.puratthima (adj) eastern.purā (adv) formerly, in former days, previously, in olden days.purātana (adj) belonging to olden days, old.purima (adj) former, first.purisa (m) man.pure (indec) formerly.puretaraṃ (adv) beforehand.pulina (n) sand.puṃgava (m) the chief bull.pūjā (f) offering.pūjeti (v) offers, respects, honours.pūti (adj) putrid, foul.pūreti (v) fills.pema (m/n) love.pemanīya (adj) dear.peseti (v) sends, dispatches.pokkharaṇī (f) pond.potaka (m) young one.potthaka (m) book.potthakālaya (m) library.




potheti (v) dashes, hits, strikes.porisa (adj) manual.posāvānika (n) fee for bringing [somebody] up.poseti (v) supports, brings up.

[ ph ]

pharati (v) suffuses, diffuses.pharasu (m) axe.phala (n) fruit.phalavantu (adj) fruitful.phalika (m) crystal.phāṇita-khaṇda (m) a crystal of candy, piece of juggery.pheṇa (n) foam.pheṇila (adj) frothy.

[ b ]

bajjhati (v) becomes bound.bandhati (v) binds, ties, confines.bandhana (n) bond, binding, confinement.bandhava (m) kinsman, relative.bandhu (m) relation, kinsman, relative.bandhumantu (adj) with many relations.bala (n) power, strength, force, army.balakkāra (m) force.balada (adj) giver of strength.balavantu (adj) powerful.balisa (n) fish hook.balī (m) a powerful person.

bavhābādha (adj) much ailing, sickly.bahi (adv) outside.bahinagaraṃ (adv) outside the town.bahu (adj) many, much.bahuka (adj) many, much.bahukkhattuṃ (adv) many times.bahudhā (adv) in many ways.bahuso (adv) in many ways, almost.bahussuta (adj) much learned.bāla (adj) foolish, young. (m) fool.bālisika (m) fisherman.bāhā (f) arm.bāhu (m) arm.bujjhati (v) knows, understands, is convinced.Buddha (m) the Enlightened One.buddhatta (n) enlightenment.buddhapamukha (adj) with Buddha at its head.buddhasāsana (n) Buddhism.buddhāsana (n) seat for the Buddha.buddhimantu (adj) intelligent, wise.buddhuppāda (m) time when a Buddha appears.bodhi (m) Bo tree.bodhisatta (m) a being destined to attain Buddhahood.brahmacariyaṃ carati (phrase) leads a holy life.brahmacariyā (f) celibacy.brahmaṇa (m) brahmin.brāhmaṇī (f) brahmin woman.

[ bh ]

bhagavantu (adj) the Blessed/Exalted One, fortunate.bhaginī (f) sister.bhañjati (v) breaks.bhaṭa (m) soldier.bhaṇe (indec) "I say".bhaṇḍa (n) goods, ware, thing.bhaṇḍāgārika (m) treasurer.bhatta (n) food, meal, rice.bhatti (f) devotion.bhattar (m) husband, supporter.bhadra (adj) good, worthy.bhante (voc) Reverend Sir, Lord.bhaya (n) fear.bhayadassāvin (m) one who sees danger.bharati (v) supports.bharavāhī (adj) bearer of a burden.bhariyā (f) wife.bhava (m) existence.bhavati (v) verb to be, becomes.bhavana (n) becoming, mansion.bhāga (m) piece, portion.bhāgineyya (m) sister's son, nephew.bhāgineyyī (f) sister's daughter, neice.bhāgī (m) sharer.bhājana (n) vessel.bhājeti (v) distributes, divides, shares.bhātika (m) brother.bhātu (m) brother.bhānumantu (adj) sun, luminous.bhāyati (v) fears (abl. follows).




bhāriya (adj) serious.bhāveti (v) develops.bhāsati (v) says, speaks.bhāsā (f) language.bhāsita (n) saying.bhikkhā (f) alms.bhikkhu (m) monk.bhikkhunī (f) nun.bhitti (f) wall.bhindati (v) breaks.bhiyyo (indec) more.bhisa (n) sprout of a lotus.bhisaja (m) physician.bhīyo (indec) more [than].bhuja (m) hand.bhujaga (m) serpent.bhuñjati (v) eats.bhūpati (m) king.bhūpāla (m) king.bhūmaka (adj) storeyed.bhūmi (f) earth, ground, floor, stage.bhūmibhāga (m) plot of ground.bhedana (n) breach.bhesajja (n) medicine.bho (indec, voc) my dear! sir! venerable.bhoga (m) property, wealth.bhogī (m) serpent. (adj) wealthy.bhojana (n) food, feeding.bhoti (voc) my dear.

[ m ]

makuṭa (n,m) crown.makkaṭa (m) monkey.magga (m) path, road.maṅgala (n) [marriage] ceremony. (adj) royal. [lit. auspicious]maṅgalasilā (f) royal resting stone.maṅḍita (adj) adorned, beautiful.maccha (m) fish.majjapa (adj) one who drinks intoxicating liquors, drunkard.majjha (m) middle.majjhima (adj) medium, middle, central.mañca (m) bed.mañcaka (m) couch.maññati (v) thinks.manjūsā (f) box.maṇi (m) gem.maṇipallaṅka (m) jewelled throne.maṇiratana (n) a precious gem.maṇḍapa (m) pavilion.maṇḍūka (m) frog.maṇḍeti (v) adorns.matakadoṇi (f) coffin.matakalebara (n) corpse.mati (f) wisdom.mattannū (m) temperate, one who knows the measure.mattikā (f) clay.mattikāmaya (adj) earthen.

matthaka (m) top.matthake (loc) at the end.maddati (v) trods.madhu (n) honey.mana (m*) mind.manasi karoti (v) keeps in mind.manasikāra (m) attention.manaṃ gaṇhati (v) wins the hearts.manussa (m) human being, person, man.manoti (v) thinks.manta (m) charm.mantar (m) perceiver.manteti (v) advises, consults.mantī (m) minister.mandālokena (adv) dimly.mayūra (m) peacock.maraṇa (n) death.marati (v) dies.mala (n) rust, dirt.mahati (v) honours.mahattama (adj) greatest.mahanta (adj) big, large, huge, great.mahapphala (adj) bringing great results.mahallaka (adj) elderly, old, aged.mahāgaṇī (m,n) having a great following.mahājana (m) the public, crowd.mahājānika (adj) thoroughly deprived of, undergone a great loss.mahādīpa (m) continent.mahāniraya (m) great hell.




mahānisaṃsa (adj) greatly beneficial.mahāpañña (m) one who has great wisdom.mahāpurisa (m) the great being.mahābodhi (m) the great Bodhi tree.mahāmagga (m) highway.mahāraha (adj) costly, precious, very valuable.mahāsamūha (m) great crowd.mahisa (m) buffalo.mahī (f) earth, the river of that name.mahogha (m) a mighty torrent.maṃsa (n) flesh.mā (indec) don't.māgadhabhāsā (f) the language of Magadha.māṇava (m) youth.māṇavaka (m) lad.māṇavikā (f) maiden.māṇavī (f) lass.mātāpitara (m) parent(s).mātu (f) mother.mātukucchi (m/f) mother's womb.mātulānī (f) aunt.mānasa (n) thought.mānasika (adj) born of the mind, mental.māneti (v) honours, pays respect.māpeti (v) constructs.māyā (f) jugglery.māyāvī (m) juggler.māretar (m) killer.māreti (v) kills, slains.mālā (f) garland.

mālākāra (m) gardener.mālī (m) one who has a garland.māluta (m) wind, breeze.māsa (m) month.miga (m) deer, beast.migadāya (m) deer-park.migī (f) [female] deer.micchādiṭṭhika (m) heretic. (adj) heretical.miṇāti (v) measures.mitta (m) friend.mithubheda (m) dissent among themselves.mukha (n) face.mukhavaṭṭi (f) edge.mukhodaka (n) water to wash the face.muccati (v) is [set] free.muñcati (v) releases.muṭṭhi (m) fist, hammer.muṭṭhimatta (adj) a handful [amount that a fist can hold].mudu (adj) soft.muni (m) monk, sage.musā (adv) falsely, untruthfully.muhutta (m) a minute.muḷāla (n) the edible root of lotus kinds.mūla (n) money, cash, root, foot [of tree], cause.meṇḍa (m) sheep.mettacitta (n) loving heart.mettā (f) love.mettāsahagata (adj) benevolent.medhā (f) wisdom.medhāvī (adj) wise.

meyya (adj) measurable.meraya (n) liquor [fermented].mokkha (m) deliverance.

[ y ]

ya (pron) which, who, whichever, whoever.yañña (m) sacrifice.yaṭṭhi (m) stick.yaṭṭhi (f) [walking] stick.yattha (adv) wherever.yattha... tattha (correlatives) where... there.yattha katthaci (indec) wherever, anywhere about.yathā (adv) just as, just so, like, in the same way.yathā... tathā (correlatives) as... so.yathākkamaṃ (adv) according to the order.yathābalaṃ (adv) to the best of one's ability.yathābhirantaṃ (adv) as long as one pleases [to stay].yathāvuddhaṃ (adv) following seniority.yadā (adv) when, whenever.yadā... tadā (correlatives) when... then.yadi (conj) if.yamaka (adj) twin.yasa (m*) fame, glory.yasagga (m) highest fame.yasavantu (adj) famous.yasassī (adj) famous.yasoladdha (adj) got through fame.yasmā (indec) as.




yāgu (f) rice gruel.yācaka (m) beggar.yācati (v) begs, asks for.yāti (v) goes.yāna (n) conveyance, vehicle.yānada (adj) giver of conveyance.yāma (m) a watch of the night.yāva (indec) till then, until, so long.yāva... tāva (correlatives) until, as long as.yāvajīvaṃ (adv) as long as life lasts.yāvataka (adj) as much [as].yāvadatthaṃ (adv) as much as desired, to the full.yuga (n) pair.yugala (n) pair.yujjhati (v) fights.yuñjati (v) yokes, joins.yutti (f) justice.yuddha (n) war.yuddhabhūmi (f) battlefield.yuvati (f) maiden.yogga (n) chariot, fitting.yojana (n) league.yojanika (adj) having a league in height or length.yojanantara (n) as far as a yojana.yojeti (v) yokes, makes ready.yodha (m) soldier.yoni (f) origin.yoniso (adv) according to origin or insight.

[ r ]

rakkhati (v) protects, safeguards, watches, observes [precepts], practises.raja (m*) dust.rajata (n) silver.rajana (n) dye.rajokiṇṇa (adj) full of dust.rajja (n) kingship, kingdom, realm.rajjakāla (m) reign.rajjaṃ anusāseti (v) reigns.rajjaṃ karoti (v) reigns.rajjābhiseka (m) coronation of a king, appointment to the kingship.rajju (f) rope.raṭṭha (n) country.ratana (n) precious thing.ratanattaya (n) three precious objects, the Buddha, Dhamma, and His Order.ratta (adj) red.ratti (f) night.ratha (m) chariot, car.rathakāra (m) chariot maker, carpenter.ramaṇīya (adj) delightful.ramanīyākārena (adv) delightfully.ramma (adj) delightful, charming.rava (m) noise.ravati (v) screams, crows.ravi (m) sun.rasa (m) taste.rassa (adj) short, dwarf.

raha (m*) secret.rahogata (adj) gone to seclusion or privacy.rājakumāra (m) prince.rājadūta (m) envoy.rājadhāni (f) metropolis, capital, royal city.rājan (m) king.rājaputta (m) prince.rājabhavana (n) palace.rājābharaṇa (n) royal apparel.rājinī (f) queen.rājisi (m) royal sage.rāsi (m) heap, mass.rukkha (m) tree.rundhati (v) obstructs, traps.rūpa (n) form, image, picture.rūpasiri (f) beauty.rūhati (v) grows.roga (m) illness, disease.rogin (adj) sick.rogupaddava (m) calamity by disease.rodati (v) cries.ropa (m) planter.

[ l ]

lakuṇṭaka (adj) dwarf.lakkha (num) lakh = 100 thousand.lakkhaṇa (n) characteristic.lagati (v) adheres.laṅkā (f) Ceylon.




laṅkika (adj) born in Ceylon.latā (f) creeper.laddaka (m) hunter.labuja (m) bread-fruit.labhati (v) gets, receives, acquires, obtains, attains.lahu (adj) light.lābha (m) gain.lābhagga (m) highest gain.likhati (v) writes.liṅga (n) gender.ludda (m) hunter.luddha (adj) miserly.lekhaka (m) clerk.leṇadvāra (n) entrance of the caveloka (m) world.lokanāyaka (m) universal lord, i.e. the Buddha.lokiya (adj) worldly.locana (n) eye.loṇa (n) salt.loṇika (adj) salty.lobha (m) greed.loha (n) metal.lohita (n) blood.lohitavaṇṇa (adj) crimson.

[ v ]

va (indec) as, like.vagga (m) group.vaca (m*) word, saying.

vacana (n) word, speaking, utterance.vajja (n) fault, musical instrument.vaḍḍhakī (m) carpenter.vaḍḍhati (v) grows, increases.vaṇṇa (m) colour.vaṇṇita (adj) praised.vaṇṇada (adj) giver of complexion.vata (indec) certainly.vattati (v) prevails.vattante (indec) during.vatti (v) speaks, says.vattar (m) sayer, speaker.vattha (n) cloth, garment.vatthābharaṇa (n) garments and ornaments.vatthu (n) ground, base.vadati (v) tells, says.vadana (n) face, mouth.vadannū (m) charitable person.vadhū (f) woman.vana (n) forest.vanakammika (m) worker in the forest.vanacara (m) forester, wanderer in forests.vanantara (n) denser forest.vanappati (m) a tree which bears fruit without flowers.vanitā (f) woman.vandati (v) pays homage, worships, bows down.vapati (v) sows.vapu (n) body.vamma (n) armour.vammī (m) warrior.

vaya (m*) age.vayovuddha (adj) come to old age.vayohara (adj) snatching the life.vara (adj) noble.varāha (m) pig.vasa (m) power.vasati (v) lives, dwells.vasu (n) wealth.vasudhā (f) earth.vassa (m,n) rain, year.vassāna (m) rainy season.vassika (adj) suited for the rainy season.vahati (v) bears.vaḷavā (f) mare.vaṃsa (m) flute.vaṃsika (m) flutist.vā (conj, enclitic) or.vākya (n) sentence.vācasika (adj) done through speech, verbal.vācā (f) word, speech.vācāla (adj) talkative, garrulous.vāṇija (m) merchant.vāṇijjāya āhiṇḍati (v) hawks.vāta (m) wind.vādita (n) music.vādeti (v) sounds [a drum, etc.].vānara (m) monkey.vānarī (f) she-monkey.vāpī (f) tank.vāma (adj) left.




vāyati (v) [wind] blows, weaves, smells.vāyamati (v) tries.vāra (m) turn. [dve vāre = twice]vāri (n) water.vāritaka (m) lover.vāladhi (m) tail.vālikā (f) sand.vālukā (f) sand.vāsa (m*) cloth, perfume.vāhana (n) vehicle.vāhanāgāra (m,n) garage.vikati (f) sort, kind.vikirati (v) scatters.vikkiṇāti (v) sells.vigacchati (v) departs, goes away.vighāṭana (ger) unfastening, opening.vicarati (v) moves.vicikicchā (f) doubt.vicitta (adj) ornamented, diversified.vijahati (v) casts off.vijātā (f) [a woman] who has given birth to a child.vijānāti (v) knows, understands.vijānana (ger) recognition, knowledge.vijjati (v) is, exists.vijju (f) lightning.viññū (adj) wise.vitakketi (v) ponders.vitarati (v) comes through.vitāna (n) canopy, awning.vitta (n) wealth.

vitthata (adj) wide, broad.vitthāreti (v) explains.vidati (v) knows.vidahati (v) assigns.vidū (m) wise man, knower.vidhūma (adj) smokeless.vinaya (m) disciplinary code, discipline.vinassati (v) perishes, disappears.vinā (indec) except, without, but.vināti (v) weaves.vināseti (v) squanders.vinicchayāmacca (m) judge.vinetu (m) instructor.vindati (v) suffers, gets.vinnātu (m) knower.vipatti (f) misfortune.vipassin (adj) wise.vipāka (m) result.vipula (adj) great, immense.vibhajati (v) distributes, divides.vimāna (m,n) mansion.viya (indec) like, just as.viya [cintetvā] (correlation) as if ... were.viyogāsaṃsanaṃ katvā (phrase) bidding goodbye.viraja (adj) passionless, free from dust.virati (f) abstinence.viramati (v) abstains.viruddham ācarati (v) acts against.virūpa (adj) ugly.vilapati (v) laments.

vilepana (n) toilet perfume.vivadati (v) disputes.vivarati (v) uncovers.vividha (adj) various.visavegavantu (adj) possessing the destructive power of poison.visārada (adj) unconfused, bold.visāla (adj) large, huge.visikhā (f) street.visiṭṭhākārena (adv) magnificently.visuddhi (f) purity [from the passions].visuṃ (adv) separately, severally.visuṃ visuṃ (indec) severally.vissajjeti (v) distributes, spends, releases, dispatches, leaves.vihaññati (v) is afflicted, takes trouble.viharati (v) lives, resides, dwells, stays.vihāyati (v) fails.vihāra (m) monastery.viheseti (v) troubles.vīṇā (f) lute.vītamala (adj) stainless, clean.vītināmeti (v) spends [time].vīsati (num) twenty.vīhi (m) paddy.vuṭṭhahati (v) rises.vuṭṭhi (f) rain.vuttanta (m) account.vuttappakāra (adj) of the given description.vuddha (adj) aged.




vuddhi (f) increase, progress, prosperity.ve (indec) surely.vega (m) speed.vegena (adv) quickly, speedily.vejja (m) doctor, physician.veṇika (m) lutanist.vetana (n) fees, wages.vetanika (m) labourer.vedanā (f) pain.venayika (m) one who studies vinaya.vepulla (n) increase, abundance.veyyākaraṇa (m) grammarian.vera (n) enmity.vesālivāsī (m) dweller in the city of Vesālī.veḷu (m) bamboo.veḷuriya (n) turquoise.voropeti (v) takes away.vyaggha (m) tiger.vyādhi (m) sickness.vyāma (m) fathom.

[ s ]

saka (adj) own.sakaṭa (m) cart.sakanāgarika (m) fellow townsman.sakala (adj) whole, entire.sakiṃ (adv) once.sakuṇa (m) bird.sakuṇī (f) [female] bird.

sakkacca (indec) carefully, respectfully.sakkatabhāsīya (adj) sanskrit.sakkaroti (v) treats, pays honour.sakkā (indec) impossible.sakkāra (m) hospitality, feast.sakkuṇāti (v) is able.sakkoti (v) is able.sakkharā (f) gravel, pebble.sakkhi (indec) face to face.sakyaputtiya (adj) belonging to the sons of Sākyas.sakhī (f) woman-friend.sagāravaṃ (adv) in reverence.sagga (m) heaven.saggagāmin (m) one who goes to heaven.saṅkamati (v) moves from place to place.saṅkhāra (m) aggregation, component [thing], matter, phenomenon.saṅgaṇhāti (v) treats.saṅgameti (v) unites.saṅgha (m) community [of monks], fraternity.sace (conj) if.sajjhāyati (v) recites.sañcarati (v) travels, moves, proceeds.sañcāraka (m) wanderer.saññamayati (v) restrains, trains oneself.saññaṃ karoti (v) thinks.saññāpeti (v) convinces.saṭṭhi (num) sixty.saṭha (adj) fraudulent.saṇgaṅhāti (v) entertains, supports.

saṇḍa (m) grove.sata (num) hundred.satatakārin (m) constant worker.satataṃ (adv) constantly, always.satama (adj) hundredth.satavassa (n) century.sati (f) memory.satimantu (adj) mindful, sensible.satta (m) being. (num) seven.sattama (adj) seventh.sattāha (n) week.sattāha-karaṇīya (adj) business that should be settled within a week.sattu (m) enemy.sattha (n) science.satthar (m) master.satthavāha (m) caravan leader.satthasālā (f) school.satthi (n) thigh.satthu (m) advisor, teacher.sadā (adv) ever, always.sadisa (adj) similar, equal.sadeha (m) own body.sadda (m) sound.saddha (adj) believing, faithful.saddhā (f) faith.saddhiṃ (prep) with.sanantana (adj) ancient.sanābhika (adj) having a nave or hub.sanikaṃ (adv) slowly.




sanemika (adj) having a tyre.santaka (n) property.santajjeti (v) menaces.santappeti (v) satisfies.santika (adj) near.santikaṃ (adv) towards.santikā (adv) from.santhāgāra (m) council hall.sandiṭṭhika (adj) seen in this life.sannipatati (v) assembles, meets together.saparivāra (adj) together with the following or retinue.sappa (m) serpent, snake.sappi (n) ghee.sabba (pron/adj) all.sabbajātika (adj) every kind of.sabbaññutañāṇa (n) supreme knowledge.sabbaññutā (f) omniscience.sabbannū (m) the omniscient one.sabbattha (adv) everywhere.sabbatra (adv) everywhere.sabbathā (adv) in every way.sabbada (m) donor of everything.sabbadā (adv) always, ever.sabbapacchima (adj) hindermost.sabbapaṭhama (adj) foremost.sabbapaṭhamaṃ (adv) originally.sabbaso (adv) in every way.sabbākāra-paripūra (adj) complete in every way.sabhā (f) society, assembly, meeting.sama (adj) equal, even.

samaṇa (m) monk, recluse.samattha (adj) able.samanuñño bhavati (v) agrees.samantā (adv) on all sides, around.samaṃ (adv) evenly. (prep) with.samaṃ karoti (phrase) smooths.samaya (m) time, religion.samāgacchati (v) encounters, joins, gathers together.samāgama (m) assembly.samācāra (m) rules of conduct.samāna (adj) same.samāpatti (f) concentration.samijjhati (v) prospers, flourishes, becomes successful.samitatta (n) state of being calmed.samīpa (n) proximity. (adj) near, adjacent.samīpavāsī (m) neighbour.samudda (m) sea.samuddapāra (n) abroad.samekkhakārī (adj) sensible.sampatti (f) fortune, bliss.sampādeti (v) provides, supplies with, performs.sampāpuṇāti (v) arrives.sambandhati (v) connects, ties.sambodhi (f) perfection, complete knowledge. [lit. perfect enlightenment]sambhuṇāti (v) attains.samma (voc) friend.sammajjati (v) sweeps.sammati (v) calms itself, appeases.sammad eva (adv) very well.

sammukha (adj) face to face with, present.sammuti (f) common consent, convention.sayati (v) sleeps.sayanaṭṭhāna (n) sleeping place.sayanāgāra (n) bedroom.sayaṃ (adv) by oneself.sara (m*) lake.saraṇa (n) refuge.sarīra (n) body, remains.saroruha (m) lotus.salla (n) arrow.sallakkheti (v) considers.savaṇa (n) listening, hearing.sa-saṅgha (adj) together with the community.sasī (m) moon.sasura (m) father-in-law.sassa (n) crop.sassu (f) mother-in-law.saha (prep) with.saha bhavati (phrase) joins.sahati (v) endures.sahasā (adv) suddenly.sahassa (num) thousand.sahassāra (adj) having one thousand spokes.saṃvasati (v) lives together.saṃvijjamāna (adj) existing.saṃvibhajati (v) shares.saṃsaraṇa (ger) moving or going about.saṃsarati (v) moves about continuously, transmigrates.sākacchā (f) interview, discussion.




sākaṭika (m) carter.sākhā (f) branch.sāṭaka (m/n) cloth.sāṭheyya (n) craft, fraud.sāṇi (f) curtain.sādhāraṇa (adj) common.sādhu (indec) very well.sādhu, deva (phrase) all right, my lord!sādhukaṃ (adv) well.sāmaññaphala (n) fruit of the life of a recluse.sāmaṇaka (adj) things that are suitable for the use of monks.sāmaṇera (m) novice [monk].sāmanta (n) neighbourhood.sāmika (m) husband, owner, master.sāminī (f) mistress.sāmī (m) lord.sāmuddika (adj) marine.sāyaṃ (adv) in the evening.sārathī (m) charioteer.sāradika (adj) autumnal.sārasa (m) lotus, water-bird.sālavana (m) Sal-grove.sālā (f) hall.sāvaka (m) disciple, hearer.sāvatthi (f) city of Sāvatthi.sāvikā (f) female disciple.sāsana (n) religion, admonition, message, letter.sāsanahāraka (m) messenger.sāhasika (adj) hasty.

sikkhā (f) rules of conduct.sikkhāpaka (m) tutor.sikkhāpada (n) precept.sikkhāpeti (v) teaches.sikhī (m) peacock.siṅga (n) horn.siṅgi (adj) having a horn.siṅghāṭaka (n) junction.siñcati (v) sprinkles, pours down.sineha (m) love.sindhu (m) sea.sippī (m) artisan.sibbati (v) sews.simbalī (m) silk cotton tree.siyā (v) may be [optative form of atthi].sira (m*) head.sirigabbha (m) royal chamber.sirisayana (n) state couch.siroruha (m) hair.silā (f) stone.silesikā (f) gum.sissa (m) student.sīgha (adj) rapid.sīghayāyin (m) going quickly.sīghaṃ (adv) quickly, soon.sītala (adj) cool.sīla (n) precept, virtue.sīlavantu (adj) virtuous, observant of precepts.sīlasampanna (adj) virtuous, observing the precepts.sīsa (n) head.

sīsābādha (m) headache.sīsacchavi (f) scalp.sīha (m) lion.sīhaḷa (adj) Sinhalese.sīhāsana (n) throne.sīhī (f) lioness.sukara (adj) easily done.sukha (n) comfort, happiness, bliss.sukhakāma (adj) seeking comfort.sukhaṃ (adv) comfortably, happily.sukhita (adj) well-to-do, happy.sukhī (m) receiver of comfort, happy.sukhumāla (adj) delicate.sugati (f) happy state.sugandha (m) fragrance. (adj) fragrant, sweet-smelling, scented.suṅka (m) tax.sujjhati (v) becomes purified.suṇāti (v) hears.suṇoti (v) hears.sutta (n) sermon.suttanta (n) discourse.sudassa (adj) easy to see.sudukkara (adj) very difficult.suddha (adj) clean.sunakha (m) dog.sundara (adj) good.sundaratara (adj) better.sundaratama (adj) best.supaṇṇa (m) a kind of fairy bird.




supina (n) dream.subbaññū (adj) all-knowing.subhikkha (adj) plentiful with food.sumana (adj) glad.sumanā (f) jasmine.sura (m) god.surā (f) liquor [distilled], intoxicant.suriya (m) sun.suriyatthaṅgama (m) sunset.suriyuggamana (n) sunrise.surūpa (adj) beautiful, handsome.suvaṇṇa (n) gold.suvaṇṇakāra (m) goldsmith.suvaṇṇamaya (adj) golden.suvaṇṇālitta (adj) gilded.suve (adv) tomorrow.susāna (n) cemetery.susu (m) young one.susoca (v) has grieved.sussati (v) dries up.sūkara (m) swine, pig.sūda (m) cook.sūdajeṭṭha (m) chief cook.sūpa (m) curry.sūra (m) hero.seṭṭha (adj) highest, noble.seṭṭhatā (f) greatness.seṭṭhī (m) millionaire, treasurer.seṇiya (adj) possessing armies.seta (adj) white, fair.

setacchatta (n) white parasol.setu (m) bridge.sena (m) hawk.senā (f) army, multitude.senāpati (m) chief of the army.senāsana (n) sleeping place.seyya (adj) better.seyyathā pi (phrase) just as.seyyathā pi nāma (phrase) just as if.sevaka (m) attendant, servant.sevikā (f) attendant woman.soka (m) sorrow.sokara (m) pork.sogata (adj) Buddhist.socati (v) becomes sorrow.soṇḍā (f) [elephant's] trunk.sota (m) stream, current. (n) ear.sotar (m) hearer, listener.sodheti (v) cleanses.sopāṇa (n) stair.sobhaṇa (adj) beautiful.sobhanavattha (n) beautiful array.somanassa (n) joy. (adj) joyful.sohajja (n) friendliness.svātana (adj) belonging to tomorrow.sve (adv) tomorrow.

[ h ]

hattar (m) carrier.

hattha (m) hand.hatthinī (f) she-elephant.hatthī (m) elephant.hatantarāya (adj) having avoided the danger or removed the obstacles.hadaya (n) heart.hanati (v) kills, attacks, beats.hanukā (f) jaw.hanti (v) kills.harati (v) carries, takes, leads, steals.haliddā (f) turmeric.hasati (v) laughs.haṃsa (m) swan.hā (voc) ah!hāra (m) carrying.hāretar (m) one who causes to carry.hāsakāla (m) time to be joyful.hi (indec) indeed.hitakara (m) benefactor. (adj) advantageous.himavantu (adj) the Himalaya, possessor of ice.hīna (adj) vulgar.hīyattana (adj) belonging to yesterday.hīyo (adv) yesterday.heṭṭhā (indec) under.heṭṭhābhāga (m) lower part.heṭṭhima (adj) lowest.hetu (m) cause.hemantika (adj) suited for the winter.hoti (v) verb to be.



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