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    Preface

    The study of human resource management is one of the major criteria in

    the corporate sector. Human resource is the heart of the organization. By

    this research project we will be able to know how to reduce the stress level

    of the employees working in the organization. By this way the productivity

    of the employees increases.

    Now a day the corporate sector is booming in a high speed that the people

    have to work for prolonged hours to maintain the standard of living and

    achieve their basic needs. In spit of having the modern technologies and

    facilities, people are feeling themselves to be work loaded and stressed.

    Stress arises because of many reasons which are discussed in the

    following project. The project report also contain techniques how to reduce

    the stress and overcome such problems.

    To identify the level of stress among the people who work in the same

    organization, I have carried out a survey the stress level of the people

    working in the organization.

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    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

    I express my sincere gratitude to my industry guide Mr. R.N.SHARMA,

    General Manager Strategic HR Unit , PADMINI VNA MECHATRONICS

    Pvt. Ltd, Gurgaon, for his able guidance, continuous support andcooperation throughout my project, without which the present work would

    not have been possible.

    I would also like to thank the entire team of PADMINI VNA

    MECHATRONICS Pvt. Ltd, for the constant support and help in the

    successful completion of my project.

    I am thankful to my faculty guide Mrs. GEETANJALI GHOSH of my

    institute too, for her continuous support and guidance and invaluableencouragement.

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    INTRODUCTIONTO STRESS

    It seems like you hear it all the time from nearly everyone you know Im

    SO stressed out! Pressures abound in this world today. Those pressures

    cause stress and anxiety, and often we are ill-equipped to deal with thosestressors that trigger anxiety and other feelings that can make us sick.

    Literally, sick.

    stress at work is relatively new phenomenon of modern lifestyles. The

    nature of work has gone through drastic changes over the last century and

    it is still changing at whirlwind speed .They have touched almost all

    professions .starting from an artist to a surgeon, or a commercial pilot to a

    sales executive . With change comes stress , inevitably. Professional stress

    or job stress poses a threat to physical health.

    Work related stress in the life of organized workers , consequently , affects

    the health of the organization.

    It is very much a personal condition and individuals vary in their ability to

    cope with different forms and levels of stress. In fact we all need some level

    of stress , as stimulus , to get going and live. However , higher levels of

    stress can greatly affect individual and organizational performance.

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    Need and Relevance of Study

    Now a days stress is a part of life because everybody wants to touch thesky as early as possible , but in the process of achieving the success there

    are many type of constraints which comes in ones ways and these

    constraints are the basic cause of stress . in any business or administrative

    establishment its very important to have a stress free environment for

    smooth functioning of the organization.

    More and more employees are experiencing stress at work. They may be

    coping with too much pressure, long hours or rapid change. The nature of

    employment has now changed and the idea of a job for life has beenreplaced by an emphasis on performance. Stress is now recognized as a

    valid health and safety issue at work.

    It is not a stress-free environment that organizations and individuals need

    to aim for at work but a stress-controlled one, which is beneficial for

    everybody. It is important for organizations to recognize this and apply

    appropriate methods and processes to reduce stress. Creation of an

    inclusive, participative, inspirational and respectful work environment would

    not only reduce stress at work but also improve individual andorganizational performance.

    work stress is the harmful physical and emotional responses that occurs

    when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities, resources

    and the needs of the worker. Stress can lead to poor health and even

    injury. A certain degree of stress is necessary for good mental and physical

    health. This is termed eustress. To much stress can lead to distress.Too

    much or too little stress can have deleterious effects on performance with

    resultant effects on the health of the individual and the organization.

    The ability to handle stress has almost become a requirement in most jobs

    today.

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    Work stress is thought to affect individuals psychological and physical

    health , as well as organizations effectiveness , in an adverse manner .

    It is necessary for an individual or an organization to have a stress free

    environment because it will help an individual to perform in a better way notonly for himself or herself but for his/her family , society and the

    organization to which the individual belongs.

    The study of stress management is a tool to create the mechanism of

    converting the stressful environment into a stress free environment and

    unless we know the root causes of stress we cannot find out the correct

    way of making a stress free environment. This research project will provide

    practical advice on how to deal with work stress

    Definition

    Hans Selye was one of the founding fathers of stress research. His view in

    1956 was that stress is not necessarily something bad it all depends on

    how you take it. The stress of exhilarating, creative successful work is

    beneficial, while that of failure, humiliation or infection is detrimental. Selye

    believed that the biochemical effects of stress would be experienced

    irrespective of whether the situation was positive or negative.

    Since then, a great deal of further research has been conducted, and ideas

    have moved on. Stress is now viewed as a "bad thing", with a range of

    harmful biochemical and long-term effects. These effects have rarely been

    observed in positive situations.

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    The most commonly accepted definition of stress (mainly attributed to

    Richard S Lazarus) is that stress is a condition or feeling experienced

    when a person perceives that demands exceed the personal and

    social resources the individual is able to mobilize. In short, it's what

    we feel when we think we've lost control of events.

    What is Stress

    Stress is the emotional and physical strain caused by our response to

    pressure from the outside world. It may be understood as a state of tension

    experienced by individuals facing extraordinary demands , constraints or

    opportunities . The pressure of modern life , coupled with the demands of a

    job , can lead to emotional imbalances that are collectively labeled as

    stress.

    Job stress is a chronic disease caused by conditions in the workplace that

    negatively affect an individuals performance and/or overall well-being of

    his body and mind.

    Modern day stresses can take the form of monetary needs, or emotional

    frictions. Competition at work and an increased workload can also cause

    greater levels of stress.

    Symptoms of Stress

    The sign of job stress vary from person to person , depending on the

    particular situation , how long the individual has been subjected to the

    stressor , and the intensity of the stress itself

    Typical symptoms of job stress cab be :

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    Biological

    y Lack of appetite

    y Craving for food when under pressure

    y Frequent indigestion

    y Heartburn

    y Constipation or diarrhea

    y Insomnia

    y Constant tiredness

    y Tendency to sweat for no good reason

    y Nervousness

    y Nail baiting

    y Headaches

    y Cramps

    y Muscle spasms

    y Breathlessness

    Psychological

    y Negativism

    y Expression of boredom

    y Dissatisfaction

    y Irritability

    y Anger over unimportant issues

    y Resignation

    y Forgetfulness

    y Inability to concentrate

    y Procrastination

    y

    Inability to make decisions

    Behavioural

    y Constant irritability with people

    y Feeling unable to cope

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    y Lack of interest in life

    y Constant or recurrent fear of disease

    y A feeling of being a failure

    y A feeling of being bad or self-hatred

    y Difficulty in making decisions

    y Lack of interest in other people

    y Awareness of suppressed anger

    y Inability to show true feelings

    y Loss of sense of humor

    y Feeling of neglect

    y Sudden changes in weight

    y Smoking habits or use of alcohol

    Types of stress -

    While there are many subcategories of stress that are being treated today, the major types of stress can be broken down into four different

    categories :

    1) Eustress

    2) Hyperstress

    3) Hypostress

    4) Distress

    Eustress

    Eustress is one of the helpful types of stress . It the type of stress you

    experience right before you have the need to exert physical force. Eustress

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    prepares the muscles , heart , and mind for the strength needed for

    whatever is about to occur.

    Eustress can also apply to creative endeavors. When a person needs to

    have some extra energy or creativity , eustress kicks into bring them the

    inspiration they need. An athlete will experience the strength that comesfrom eustress right before they play a big game or enter a big competition .

    because of eustress ,they immediately receive the strength that they need

    to perform.

    When the body enters the fight or flight response , it will experience

    eustress. The eustress prepares the body to fight with or flee from an

    imposing danger . this type of stress will cause the blood to pump to the

    major muscle groups , and will increase the heart rate and blood pressure

    to increase. If the event or danger passes, the body will eventually return toits normal state.

    There are few examples of eustress

    The thrill and excited feeling while watching a horror movie

    The feeling of excitement when you won a game or race

    The excitement when you bought your first car

    The accomplishment of a challenge

    The excitement of going for a holiday

    The happy feeling of being loved

    Distress

    Distress is one of the negative types of stress . This is one of the types of

    stress that the mind and body undergoes when the normal routine is

    constantly adjusted and altered. The mind is not comfortable with thisroutine , and craves familiarity of a common routine .

    There are actually two types of stress acute stress and chronic stress

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    Acute stress

    Acute stress is the type of stress that comes immediately with a change of

    routine. It is an intense type of stress , but passes quickly . Acute stress is

    the bodys way of getting a person to stand up and take inventory of what is

    going on , to make sure that everything is ok

    Chronic stress

    Chronic stress will occur if there is a constant change of routine for week

    after week. Chronic stress affects the body for a long period of time . This is

    the type of stress experienced by someone who constantly faces moves or

    job changes.

    Symptoms of chronic stress can be:

    y upset stomach

    y headache

    y backache

    y insomnia

    y anxiety

    y depression

    y

    anger

    In the most severe cases it can lead to panic attacks or a panic disorder

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    There are a variety of methods to control chronic stress, including exercise,

    healthy diet, stress management, relaxation techniques, adequate rest, and

    relaxing hobbies.

    Ensuring a healthy diet containing magnesium may help control or

    eliminate stress, in those individuals with lower levels of magnesium or

    those who have a magnesium deficiency. Chronic stress can also lead to a

    magnesium deficiency, which can be a factor in continued chronic stress,

    and a whole host of other negative medical conditions caused by a

    magnesium deficiency.

    It has been discovered that there is a huge upsurge in the number of

    people who suffer from this condition. A very large number of these new

    cases suffer from insomnia.

    In a review of the scientific literature on the relationship between stress and

    disease, the authors found that stress plays a role in triggering or

    worsening depression and cardiovascular disease and in speeding the

    progression of HIV/AIDS.

    Hyperstress

    Hyperstress is the type of negative stress that comes when a person is

    forced to undertake or undergo more than he or she can take. A stressful

    job that overworks an individual will cause that individual to face

    hyperstress

    A person who is experiencing hyperstress will s respond to even little

    stressors with huge emotional outbreaks. It is important for the person who

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    thinks they might be experiencing hyperstress to make measures to reduce

    the stress in their lives , because stress can lead to serious emotional and

    physical repercussions.

    People who are most likely to suffer from hyperstress are : Working mothers who have to multi-task , juggling between work and

    family commitments

    A wall street trader who are constantly under immerse tension

    People who are under constant financial strains

    Generally people working in fast pace environment

    Hypostress

    Hypostress stands in direct opposite to hyperstress. That is because

    hypostress is one of those types of stress experienced by a person who isconstantly bored. Someone in an unchallenging job , such as factory

    worker performing the same task over and over , will often experience

    hypostress .The effect of hypostress is feelings of restlessness and a lack

    of inspiration.

    Compressive stress

    Compressive stress is the stress applied to materials resulting in their

    compaction (decrease of volume). When a material is subjected to

    compressive stress, then this material is under compression. Usually,

    compressive stress applied to bars, columns, etc. leads to shortening.

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    Loading a structural element or a specimen will increase the compressive

    stress until the reach of compressive strength. According to the properties

    of the material, failure will occur as yield for materials with ductile behavior

    (most metals, some soils and plastics) or as rupture for brittle behavior

    (geometries, cast iron, glass, etc).

    In long, slender structural elements -- such as columns or truss bars -- an

    increase of compressive force Fleads to structural failure due to buckling

    at lower stress than the compressive strength.

    Compressive stress has stress units (force per unit area), usually withnegative values to indicate the compaction. However in geotechnical

    engineering, compressive stress is represented with positive values.

    Stress in Biological terms:

    Stress is a biological term which refers to the consequences of the failure

    of a human or animal body to respond appropriately to emotional or

    physical threats to the organism, whether actual or imagined. It includes a

    state of alarm and adrenaline production, short-term resistance as a coping

    mechanism, and exhaustion. It refers to the inability of a human or animal

    body to respond. Common stress symptoms include irritability, muscular

    tension, inability to concentrate and a variety of physical reactions, such as

    headaches and accelerated heart rate.

    The term "stress" was first used by the endocrinologist Hans Selye in the

    1930s to identify physiological responses in laboratory animals. He later

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    everyday lives, stress is everywhere and definitely unavoidable; hence our

    emphasis should be on differentiating between what is good stress, and

    what is bad. This will help us to learn to cope with negative stress, and

    harness the power of positive stress to help us achieve more.

    In our fast paced world, it is impossible to live without stress, whether you

    are a student or a working adult. There is both positive and negative stress,

    depending on each individuals unique perception of the tension between

    the two forces. Not all stress is bad. For example, positive stress, also

    known as eustress, can help an individual to function at optimal

    effectiveness and efficiency.

    Hence, it is evident that some form of positive stress can add more color

    and vibrancy to our lives. The presence of a deadline, for example, can

    push us to make the most of our time and produce greater efficiency. It is

    important to keep this in mind, as stress management refers to using stress

    to our advantage, and not on eradicating the presence of stress in our lives.

    On the other hand, negative stress can result in mental and physical strain.

    The individual will experience symptoms such as tensions, headaches,

    irritability and in extreme cases, heart palpitations. Hence, whilst some

    stress may be seen as a motivating force, it is important to manage stress

    levels so that it does not have an adverse impact on your health and

    relationships.

    SOURCES OF STRESS

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    Stressors are the things that cause stress. It is important for a manager to

    understand and be able to recognize stressor because they cause job-

    related stress,Which influenences work atttitdes and behavior. Major soures of stress: -

    Some of the major sources of stress are given below: -

    ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS: -

    y Occupational demands: Some jobs are more stressful than others.

    According to the national institute for occupational safety and health,

    the following jobs are considered to be more stressful

    Labourer, Secretary, Inspector, Office manager, Foreman,

    Manager/administrator, miner, painter etc.

    Certain jobs seen to contain a high amount of in-built stress in the

    form oftime pressures, too many meetings, difficulties in meeting standards,

    inter- personal games etc. , especially at higher levels. According to

    Parasuraman and Alutto, at lower levels also stress-producing

    situations emerge on technical grounds (equipment breakdown) or

    role frustration (low status, inadequate supervision ).

    y Role Conflict:A role is nothing but a general set of guidelinesindicating how persons holding certain positions should or ought to

    behave. for example, top managers are expected to be decisive and

    aggressive, while salesman are expected to be friendly and cheerful.

    These expectations, unfortunately, may cause lot of discomfort and

    stress to the parties involved. This is espically true in situations where

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    different groups of people with whom the individual interacts hold

    contradictory expectations about how he or she should behave.

    Under these circumstances, role conflict exists, and the person in

    question may find himself pulled in different and incompatible

    directions. Four types of role conflict may generally come to surface.

    (i) Intrasender conflicts occurs then the person asks you to

    accomplish two objectives that are in apparent conflict. If your

    boss asks you to hurry up and finish your work but also

    decrease your pay for your mistakes, you would experience this

    type of conflict.

    (ii) Intersender conflict occurs when two or more senders give youincompatible directions. Your boss may want to complete a

    crash project on time, but company policy temporarily prohibits

    authorizing overtime payments to clerical assistance.

    (iii) Interrole conflict results when two different you play are in

    conflict. Your company may want you to travel 50 percent of the

    time (to be promoted) while your spouse threatens a divorce if

    you travel more than 25 percent of the time.

    (iv) Person role conflict occurs when the roles that yourorganization expects you to occupy are in conflict with your

    basic values. Your company may ask you to fire sub standard

    performers, but this could be in conflict with your humanistic

    values.

    y Role ambiguity: Role ambiguity occurs when position holders are

    uncertain about limits of their authority and that of others , companyrules, job security and the methods used to evaluate their work.

    Research studies have indicated that the more ambiguity a person

    reported , the lower the persons utilization of intellectual skills ,

    knowledge and leadership skills . it was also found that role ambiguity

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    was significantly related to low job satisfaction and to feelings of job

    related threats to mental and physical well beings.

    y Role overload : imaging for a moment about an executive who is

    attempting to dictate a letter , talk on three phones conducting an

    interview and writing a report all at the same time. There is no use

    trying to do too much in too little time . constant interruptions ,

    changing hats every five minutes , a constant stream of visitors , a

    mountain of files and papers to process and a number of

    subordinates looking up to his valuable guidance and advice all

    increase the quantitative and qualitative overload . person who

    experience such conditions show clear sign of stress and report

    health problems.

    y Role underload :At the other extreme , having nothing to do orbeing asked to do too little in ones work can also be quite stressful.

    Sales people in stores with no customers , standing around all day

    with nothing to do could be said to experience role underload .

    assembly line workers also generally experience role underload ;

    rarely do they perform more than one or two tasks day after day .

    workers with role underload report that they feel both physically and

    psychologically weary;even when they are not at work , they do not

    show much interest in social activity or physical exercise . two factorssuccinctly explain the relationship between underload and stress .

    most persons wish to feel useful and needed . thus , when they find

    that they are doing very little and achieving next to nothing in their

    jobs , their self esteem may be threatened . secondly , people want

    stimulations . they do not like the idea of staring blankly into space all

    the time. They prefer to interact with the world around them and do

    something worthwhile. No wonder , jobs that demand too little can be

    unpleasant , boring and stressful.y Interpersonal relationship :Another source of stress in

    organizations is poor intrepersonal relationships with others , be they

    supervisors , coworkers, subordinates or clients . when interpersonal

    relationships at work are not pleasant , employee develop a

    generalized anxiety , a feeling of fear about upcoming meetings and

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    interactions . three aspects of interpersonal relationships at work , in

    particular , have a negative influence on job stress : amount of

    contact with others , amount of contact with people in other

    departments and organizational climate.

    y Ineffective communications : stress can result from a lack ofcommunication or from a lack of the right kind of communication at

    the right time. We begin to see the world differently and we tend to

    interpret communication efforts differently . for example there is

    nothing more stressful than finding that you have arrived at an

    appointment with your at the wrong time. You misunderstood the

    appointed time , your boss is upset and you are edgy.

    y Responsibility : any type of responsibility can be burdensome for

    some people . different types pf responsibility function differently as

    stressors. One way of classifying this variable is in terms of

    responsibility for people versus responsibility for things . the more

    responsibilities the people reported according to one research study,

    the more likely the person was to smoke heavily have high blood

    pressure and show higher cholesterol levels. On the contrary, he

    more responsibility for things the employee reported, the lower these

    indicators were

    y Job change: Individuals and work undergo constant changes asorganizations try to become more compitative and aggressive in the

    marketplace. These changes can cause stress for the job holder for

    example, a bank may computerized its accounting function. As a

    result, a job that did require certain decisions and calculations may

    become merely a data collection and entry position for the computer.

    As with most changes, job change entails a certain amount of

    uncertainty that may ultimately lead to stress. Change can be

    espically stressful for individuals afraid of losing there jobs.y Climate within a company: Employee can also experience

    stress when they feel that they should get more money for their work,

    or if company restrtins them from doing things they feel they must do

    to be effective in their job. For example, a manager wishes to assign

    a few extra duties to an individual for a special project but union

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    regulations do not permit it. Stress can also result from prohibitive

    physical settings such as heat, cold, safety hazards, air pollution,

    uncomfortable spatial arrangements, shift work etc. apart from the

    physical surroundings the psychological climate within a company is

    also important. When day to day life in an organization ischaracterized by unfriendly hostile exchanges, employees feel the

    tension all around. they do not trust each other and do not express

    their concerns openly they are unsupportive of each other and spend

    little time helping each other with problems. Likewise, if employees

    are not encouraged to participate actively in organizational activities,

    stressful situations may develope. Employees may feel left out and

    neglected because they have no opportunity to influence important

    events related to their jobs. Additionally factors like insufficientauthority (where a manager does not receive the backing needed

    from management to carry out its directives ) pressures towards

    conformity (where members are expected to follow established norms

    whether they like them or not) ; faulty job designs also produce lot of

    stress for people working within a company.

    Personal Factors

    y The impact of life change: Traumatic experiences in life (death of

    love one, divorce, lost of family estate etc.) can have significant

    impact on the psychological well-being of an individual. Research

    studies have also indicated the fact that when individuals undergo

    extremely stressful changes in their lives, their personal health often

    does suffer.

    Recognizing a stressor:

    It is important to recognize whether you are under stress or out of it. Many

    times, even if we are under the influence of a stressful condition and our

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    body reacts to it internally as well as externally, we fail to realize that we

    are reacting under stress. This also happens when the causes of stress are

    there long enough for us to get habituated to them. The body constantly

    tries to tell us through symptoms such as rapid palpitation, dizzy spells,

    tight muscles or various body aches that something is wrong. It is importantto remain attentive to such symptoms and to learn to cope with the

    situations.

    We cope better with stressful situation, when we encounter them

    voluntarily. In cases of relocation, promotion or layoff, adventurous sports

    or having a baby, we tend to respond positively under stress. But, when we

    are compelled into such situations against our will or knowledge, more

    often than not, we wilt at the face of unknown and imagined threats.Forinstance, stress may mount when one is coerced into undertaking some

    work against one's will.

    Coping with Stress at Work place

    With the rapid advancement of technology, the stresses faced at work have

    also increased. Many people dread going to work, hence the term Monday

    Blues. What is the reason for this? There is partly the fear from being

    retrenched in bad times, leading to greater job insecurity on the part of

    those who remain. Undoubtedly, occupational stress is one of the most

    commonly cited stressors faced by people all over the world.

    Stress refers to the pressure and reactions to our environment which

    results in psychological and physical reactions. Whilst some stress is good

    for motivation and increasing efficiency, too much stress can result in

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    negative impacts such as reduced effectiveness and efficiency. More and

    more people are feeling isolated and disrespected at work, and this has led

    to greater occupational stress. Many companies have taken to consulting

    experts and professionals on ways to increase connectedness and

    motivation of their employees.

    Some companies organize parties and make their employees feel valued at

    work. These are measures to motivate employees and help them to feel

    secure at their jobs, translating into greater productivity. However, not all

    companies have such measures in place, and some have not gotten it quite

    right. Hence, it is up to you to make sure that you can cope with stress at

    your workplace, and use it to help you work better. Here are 3 simple steps

    to help you with coping with stress in the workplace.

    Step 1:Raising Awareness

    Help yourself to identify when you are facing rising levels of stress, tipping

    the scales from positive to negative. This is important, as being able to

    identify signs of being stressed can help you to take steps to ensure that

    your overall quality of life does not drop. If left unacknowledged, the

    problem will only snowball, leading to disastrous consequences to your

    health and overall wellbeing.

    You can identify if you are feeling stressed by checking if you have any

    physical or psychological reactions, such as excessive sweating or heartpalpitations, or the onset of headaches, irritability or the need to escape. If

    you experience any of these reactions, identify if you are feeling any

    overwhelming negative emotions, and if you are constantly worried.

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    Step 2:Identify the Cause

    You need to be able to analyze the situation and identify what is causing

    the rise in stress. These stressors can be external and internal. External

    stressors refer to things beyond your control, such as the environment oryour colleagues at work. Internal stressors refer to your own thinking and

    attitude. Often, we only start reacting to stress when a combination of

    stressors working together exceeds our ability to cope.

    Keep a diary or a list of events that have caused you to feel strong negative

    emotions, or that are likely stressors. This will help you to identify the

    causes of your stress. Whilst it is not always possible to eradicate them, we

    can change the way that we cope with it.

    Step 3:Coping with Stress

    In order to deal with the situation that is causing you stress, you need to

    calm your mind and body so as to stave off the reactions and cope with it in

    a positive way. This can be through different methods, such as taking time

    off. If a situation is triggering your stress and you are unable to calm down,

    remove yourself from it. Go outside and take a walk to calm down.

    Alternatively, you can try implementing relaxation techniques such as deep

    breathing. If it is an internal stressor, stop your thought process until you

    are able to deal with it logically.

    The key to making these 3 steps work for you is to practice them. These

    are not instantaneous solutions, and you need to condition your mind and

    practice them so that you can implement it when you are feeling stressed.

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    Prevention

    A combination of organizational change and stress management is often

    the most useful approach for preventing stress at work.

    How to Change the Organization to Prevent Job Stress

    y Ensure that the workload is in line with workers' capabilities and

    resources.

    y Design jobs to provide meaning, stimulation, and opportunities for

    workers to use their skills.

    y Clearly define workers' roles and responsibilities.

    y Give workers opportunities to participate in decisions and actions

    affecting their jobs.

    y Improve communications-reduce uncertainty about career

    development and future employment prospects.

    y Provide opportunities for social interaction among workers.

    y Establish work schedules that are compatible with demands andresponsibilities outside the job.

    y Discrimination inside the workplace. (e.g. nationality and language )

    St. Paul Fire and Marine Insurance Company conducted several studies on

    the effects of stress prevention programs in hospital settings. Program

    activities included (1) employee and management education on job stress,

    (2) changes in hospital policies and procedures to reduce organizational

    sources of stress, and (3) establishment of employee assistance programs.

    In one study, the frequency of medication errors declined by 50% after

    prevention activities was implemented in a 700-bed hospital. In a second

    study, there was a 70% reduction in malpractice claims in 22 hospitals that

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    implemented stress prevention activities. In contrast, there was no

    reduction in claims in a matched group of 22 hospitals that did not

    implement stress prevention activities.

    StressManagement

    Stress management is the need of the hour. However hard we try to go

    beyond a stress situation, life seems to find new ways of stressing us out

    and plaguing us with anxiety attacks. Moreover, be it our anxiety, mind-

    body exhaustion or our erring attitudes, we tend to overlook causes of

    stress and the conditions triggered by those. In such unsettling moments

    we often forget that stressors, if not escapable, are fairly manageable and

    treatable.

    Stress, either quick or constant, can induce risky body-mind disorders.

    Immediate disorders such as dizzy spells, anxiety attacks, tension,

    sleeplessness, nervousness and muscle cramps can all result in chronic

    health problems. They may also affect our immune, cardiovascular and

    nervous systems and lead individuals to habitual addictions, which are

    inter-linked with stress.

    Like "stress reactions", "relaxation responses" and stress management

    techniques are some of the body's important built-in response systems. As

    a relaxation response the body tries to get back balance in its homeostasis.

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    Some hormones released during the 'fight or flight' situation prompt the

    body to replace the lost carbohydrates and fats, and restore the energy

    level. The knotted nerves, tightened muscles and an exhausted mind crave

    for looseness. Unfortunately, today, we don't get relaxing and soothing

    situations without asking. To be relaxed we have to strive to create such

    situations.

    Laughter:

    Adopting a humorous view towards life's situations can take the edge off

    everyday stressors. Not being too serious or in a constant alert mode helps

    maintain the equanimity of mind and promote clear thinking. Being able to

    laugh stressaway is the smartest way to ward off its effects.

    A sense of humor also allows us to perceive and appreciate the

    incongruities of life and provides moments of delight. The emotions we

    experience directly affect our immune system. The positive emotions can

    create neurochemical changes that buffer the immunosuppressive effects

    of stress.

    During stress, the adrenal gland releases corticosteroids, which are

    converted to cortical in the blood stream. These have an

    immunosuppressive effect. Dr. Lee Berk and fellow researcher Dr. Stanley

    Tan at Loma Linda University School of Medicine have produced carefully

    controlled studies showing that the experience of laughter lowers serum

    cortical levels, increases the amount and activity of T lymphocytesthe

    natural killer cells. Laughter also increases the number of T cells that have

    suppresser receptors.

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    What Laughter Can Do Against Stress And Its Effects?

    Laughter lowers blood pressure and reduces hypertension.

    It provides good cardiac conditioning especially for those who are unable

    to perform physical exercise.

    Reduces stress hormones (studies shows, laughter induces reduction of

    at least four of neuroendocrine hormonesepinephrine, cortical, dopac,

    and growth hormone, associated with stress response).

    Laughter cleanses the lungs and body tissues of accumulated stale air as

    it empties more air than it takes in. It is beneficial for patients suffering from

    emphysema and other respiratory ailments.

    It increases muscle flexion, relaxation and fluent blood circulation in body.

    Boosts immune function by raising levels of infection-fighting T-cells,disease-fighting proteins called Gamma-interferon and disease-destroying

    antibodies called B-cells.

    Laughter triggers the release of endorphinsbody's natural painkillers.

    Produces a general sense of well-being.

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    Reduce yourstress

    1. Job analysis: - We have all experienced that appalling sense of having

    far too much work to do and too little time to do it in. We can choose to

    ignore this, and work unreasonably long hours to stay on top of our

    workload. The risks here are that we become exhausted, that we have so

    much to do that we do a poor quality job and that we neglect other areas of

    our life. Each of these can lead to intense stress.

    The alternative is to work more intelligently, by focusing on the things that

    are important for job success and reducing the time we spend on low

    priority tasks. Job Analysis is the first step in doing this.

    The first of the action-oriented skills that we look at is Job Analysis. Job

    Analysis is a key technique for managing job overload an important

    source of stress.

    To do an excellent job, you need to fully understand what is expected of

    you. While this may seem obvious, in the hurly-burly of a new, fast-moving,

    high-pressure role, it is oftentimes something that is easy to overlook.

    By understanding the priorities in your job, and what constitutes success

    within it, you can focus on these activities and minimize work on other tasks

    as much as possible. This helps you get the greatest return from the work

    you do, and keep your workload under control.

    Job Analysis is a useful technique for getting a firm grip on what really is

    important in your job so that you are able to perform excellently. It helps

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    you to cut through clutter and distraction to get to the heart of what you

    need to do.

    2. Rational & positive thinking: -

    You are thinking negatively when you fear the future, put yourself down,

    criticize yourself for errors, doubt your abilities, or expect failure. Negative

    thinking damages confidence, harms performance and paralyzes mental

    skills.

    Unfortunately, negative thoughts tend to flit into our consciousness, do their

    damage and flit back out again, with their significance having barely been

    noticed. Since we barely realize that they were there, we do not challenge

    them properly, which means that they can be completely incorrect and

    wrong.

    Thought Awareness is the process by which you observe your thoughts

    and become aware of what is going through your head.

    One approach to it is to observe your "stream of consciousness" as you

    think about the thing you're trying to achieve which is stressful. Do not

    suppress any thoughts. Instead, just let them run their course while you

    watch them, and write them down on our free worksheet as they occur.

    Then let them go.

    Another more general approach to Thought Awareness comes with logging

    stress in your Stress Diary. When you analyze your diary at the end of the

    period, you should be able to see the most common and the most

    damaging thoughts. Tackle these as a priority using the techniques below.

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    Here are some typical negative thoughts you might experience when

    preparing to give a major presentation:

    y Fear about the quality of your performance or of problems that may

    interfere with it;

    y Worry about how the audience (especially important people in it like

    your boss) or the press may react to you;

    y Dwelling on the negative consequences of a poor performance; or

    y

    Self-criticism over a less-than-perfect rehearsal.

    Thought awareness is the first step in the process of managing negative

    thoughts, as you cannot manage thoughts that you are unaware of.

    Rational Thinking

    The next step in dealing with negative thinking is to challenge the negative

    thoughts that you identified using the Thought Awareness technique. Look

    at every thought you wrote down and challenge it rationally. Ask yourself

    whether the thought is reasonable. What evidence is there for and against

    the thought? Would your colleagues and mentors agree or disagree with it?

    Looking at the examples, the following challenges could be made to the

    negative thoughts we identified earlier:

    y Feelings of inadequacy:Have you trained yourself as well as

    you reasonably should have? Do you have the experience and

    resources you need to make the presentation? Have you planned,

    prepared and rehearsed enough? If you have done all of these,

    you've done as much as you can to give a good performance.

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    y Worries about performance during rehearsal: If some of your

    practice was less than perfect, then remind yourself that the purpose

    of the practice is to identify areas for improvement, so that these can

    be sorted out before the performance.

    y Problems with issues outside your control:Have you identified

    the risks of these things happening, and have you taken steps to

    reduce the likelihood of them happening or their impact if they do?

    What will you do if they occur? And what do you need others to do for

    you?

    y Worry about other people's reactions:If you have prepared

    well, and you do the best you can, then you should be satisfied. If you

    perform as well as you reasonably can, then fair people are likely to

    respond well. If people are not fair, the best thing to do is ignore their

    comments and rise above them.

    sWhen you challenge negative thoughts rationally, you should be able to

    see quickly whether the thoughts are wrong or whether they have some

    substance to them. Where there is some substance, take appropriate

    action. However, make sure that your negative thoughts are genuinely

    important to achieving your goals, and don't just reflect a lack of

    experience, which everyone has to go through at some stage.

    Positive Thinking & Opportunity Seeking

    y By now, you should already be feeling more positive. The final step is

    to prepare rational, positive thoughts and affirmations to counter any

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    remaining negativity. It can also be useful to look at the situation and

    see if there are any useful opportunities that are offered by it.

    y By basing your affirmations on the clear, rational assessments of

    facts that you made using Rational Thinking, you can use them to

    undo the damage that negative thinking may have done to your self-

    confidence.

    positive affirmations might be:

    y Problems during practice:"I have learned from my rehearsals.

    This has put me in a position where I can deliver a great

    performance. I am going to perform well and enjoy the event."

    y Worries about performance:"I have prepared well and

    rehearsed thoroughly. I am well positioned to give an excellent

    performance."

    y Problems issues outside your control:"I have thought

    through everything that might reasonably happen and have planned

    how I can handle all likely contingencies. I am very well placed to

    react flexibly to events."

    y

    W

    orry about other people's

    reaction:"Fair people will react

    well to a good performance. I will rise above any unfair criticism in a

    mature and professional way."

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    If appropriate, write these affirmations down on your worksheet so that you

    can use them when you need them.

    As well as allowing you to structure useful affirmations, part of Positive

    Thinking is to look at opportunities that the situation might offer to you. In

    the examples above, successfully overcoming the situations causing the

    original nsegative thinking will open up opportunities. You will acquire new

    skills, you will be seen as someone who can handle difficult challenges,

    and you may open up new career opportunities.

    Make sure that identifying these opportunities and focusing on them is part

    of your positive thinking.

    Review of Literature

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    Objective of summer internship

    Stress management is the need of the hour. However hard we try to go

    beyond a stress situation, life seems to find new ways of stressing us out

    and plaguing us with anxiety attacks. Moreover, be it our anxiety, mind-

    body exhaustion or our erring attitudes, we tend to overlook causes of

    stress and the conditions triggered by those. In such unsettling moments

    we often forget that stressors, if not escapable, are fairly manageable and

    treatable.

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    This research is to carry out with following research objectives

    1. Identifying root causes resulting in stress

    2. Impact of stress on performance management

    3. Ways to manage stress

    Brief profile of company

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    Brief History of Organization

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    Organizational structure

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    Key Highlights of organization

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    Sampling

    It is incumbent on the researcher to clearly define the target population.

    There are no strict rules to follow, and the researcher must rely on logic

    and judgment. The population is defined in keeping with the objectives of

    the study.

    Sometimes, the entire population will be sufficiently small, and the

    researcher can include the entire population in the study. This type of

    research is called a census study because data is gathered on every

    member of the population.

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    Usually, the population is too large for the researcher to attempt to survey

    all of its members. A small, but carefully chosen sample can be used to

    represent the population. The sample reflects the characteristics of the

    population from which it is drawn.

    Sampling methods are classified as eitherprobabilityornon probability. In

    probability samples, each member of the population has aknown non-zero

    probability of being selected. Probability methods include random sampling,

    systematic sampling, and stratified sampling. In non probability sampling,

    members are selected from the population in some nonrandom manner.

    These include convenience sampling, judgment sampling, quota sampling,

    and snowball sampling. The advantage of probability sampling is that

    sampling errorcan be calculated. Sampling error is the degree to which a

    sample might differ from the population. When inferring to the population,

    results are reported plus or minus the sampling error. In non probability

    sampling, the degree to which the sample differs from the population

    remains unknown.

    Random sampling is the purest form of probability sampling.

    Each member of the population has an equal and known chance

    of being selected. When there are very large populations, it is

    often difficult or impossible to identify every member of the

    population, so the pool of available subjects becomes biased.

    Systematic sampling is often used instead of random sampling.

    It is also called an Nth name selection technique. After the

    required sample size has been calculated, every Nth record is

    selected from a list of population members. As long as the list

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    does not contain any hidden order, this sampling method is as

    good as the random sampling method. Its only advantage over

    the random sampling technique is simplicity. Systematic

    sampling is frequently used to select a specified number of

    records from a computer file.

    Stratified sampling is commonly used probability method that is

    superior to random sampling because it reduces sampling error.

    A stratum is a subset of the population that shares at least one

    common characteristic. The researcher first identifies the

    relevant stratums and their actual representation in the

    population. Random sampling is then used to select subjects

    from each stratum until the number of subjects in that stratum is

    proportional to its frequency in the population. Stratified sampling

    is often used when one or more of the stratums in the population

    have a low incidence relative to the other stratums.

    Convenience sampling is used in exploratory research where

    the researcher is interested in getting an inexpensive

    approximation of the truth. As the name implies, the sample is

    selected because they are convenient. This non-probability

    method is often used during preliminary research efforts to get a

    gross estimate of the results, without incurring the cost or time

    required to select a random sample.

    Judgment sampling is a common non-probability method. The

    researcher selects the sample based on judgment. This is

    usually and extension of convenience sampling. For example, a

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    researcher may decide to draw the entire sample from one

    "representative" city, even though the population includes all

    cities. When using this method, the researcher must be confident

    that the chosen sample is truly representative of the entire

    population.

    Quota sampling is the non-probability equivalent of stratified

    sampling. Like stratified sampling, the researcher first identifies

    the stratums and their proportions as they are represented in the

    population. Then convenience or judgment sampling is used to

    select the required number of subjects from each stratum. This

    differs from stratified sampling, where the stratums are filled by

    random sampling.

    Snowball sampling is a special non-probability method used

    when the desired sample characteristic is rare. It may be

    extremely difficult or cost prohibitive to locate respondents in

    these situations. Snowball sampling relies on referrals from initial

    subjects to generate additional subjects. While this technique

    can dramatically lower search costs, it comes at the expense of

    introducing bias because the technique itself reduces the

    likelihood that the sample will represent a good cross section

    from the population.

    Sample Size

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    Sample Selection

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    Data collection and Data sources

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    Tools to be used for data collection

    I have interviewed a group of several employees in the organization

    through a questionnaire.

    JOB STRESS QUESTIONNAIRE

    NAME-

    DESIGNATION-

    DEPARTMENT-

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    HOW MUCH JOB STRESS DO YOU HAVE ?

    ENTER A NUMBER FROM THE SCALE BELOW THAT BEST DESCRIBES YOU

    STRONGLY DISAGREE AGREE SOMEWHAT STRONGLY AGREE

    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

    I. I cant honestly say what I really think or get things off my chest at work._____________

    II. My job has a lot of responsibility , but I dont have very much authority. _____________

    III. I could usually do a much better job if I were given more time . _____________

    IV. I seldom receive adequate acknowledgement or appreciation when

    my work is really good

    _____________

    V. In general ,I am not particularly proud or satisfied with my job. _____________

    VI. I have the impression that I am repeatedly picked on or discriminated

    against at work .

    _____________

    VII. My workplace environment is not very pleasant or particularly safe. _____________

    VIII. My job often interferes with my family and social obligations or

    personal needs.

    _____________

    IX. I tend to have frequent arguments with superiors , coworkers or

    customers.

    _____________

    X. Most of the time I feel that I have very little control over my life at work._____________

    TOTAL JOB STRESS SCORE

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    Data analysis

    (1)I cant honestly see what I really thinks or get things off my chest

    at work

    RESPONSE STRONGLY DISAGREE AGREE SOMEWHAT STRONGLY AGREE

    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

    RESPONDENT

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    6

    7

    8

    9

    10

    11

    12

    13

    14

    15

    16

    17

    18

    19

    20

    21

    22

    23

    24

    25

    26

    27

    28

    29

    30

    TOTAL 5 5 3 2 3 5 3 2 1 0

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    (2)My job has a lot of responsibility but I dont have very much

    authority..

    RESPONSE STRONGLY DISAGREE AGREE SOMEWHAT STRONGLY AGREE

    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

    RESPONDENT

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5 6

    7

    8

    9

    10

    11

    12

    13

    14

    15

    16 17

    18

    19

    20

    21

    22

    23

    24

    25

    26

    27 28

    29

    30

    TOTAL 6 5 1 0 4 4 5 1 2 1

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    (3)I could usually do a better job if I were given a more time

    RESPONSE STRONGLY DISAGREE AGREE SOMEWHAT STRONGLY AGREE1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

    RESPONDENT

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    6

    7 8

    9

    10

    11

    12

    13

    14

    15

    16

    17

    18

    19

    20

    21

    22

    23

    24

    25

    26

    27

    28

    29

    30

    TOTAL 5 3 4 5 2 3 3 2 1 1

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    (4) I seldom receive adequate acknowledgement or appreciation

    when my work is really good..

    RESPONSE STRONGLY DISAGREE AGREE SOMEWHAT STRONGLY AGREE

    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

    RESPONDENT

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5 6

    7

    8

    9

    10

    11

    12

    13

    14

    15

    16 17

    18

    19

    20

    21

    22

    23

    24

    25

    26

    27 28

    29

    30

    TOTAL 6 2 4 0 3 4 0 4 6 0

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    (5)In general,I am not particularly or satisfied with my job.

    RESPONSE STRONGLY DISAGREE AGREE SOMEWHAT STRONGLY AGREE1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

    RESPONDENT

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    6

    7 8

    9

    10

    11

    12

    13

    14

    15

    16

    17

    18

    19

    20

    21

    22

    23

    24

    25

    26

    27

    28

    29

    30

    TOTAL 8 5 7 0 1 3 2 3 1 0

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    (6)I have the impression that I am repeatedly picked on or

    discriminated against at work.

    RESPONSE STRONGLY DISAGREE AGREE SOMEWHAT STRONGLY AGREE

    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

    RESPONDENT

    1

    2

    3

    4

    56

    7

    8

    9

    10

    11

    12

    13

    14

    15

    1617

    18

    19

    20

    21

    22

    23

    24

    25

    26

    2728

    29

    30

    TOTAL

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    (7)My workplace environment is not very pleasant or particularly

    safe

    RESPONSE STRONGLY DISAGREE AGREE SOMEWHAT STRONGLY AGREE

    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

    RESPONDENT

    1

    2

    3

    4

    56

    7

    8

    9

    10

    11

    12

    13

    14

    15

    1617

    18

    19

    20

    21

    22

    23

    24

    25

    26

    2728

    29

    30

    TOTAL

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    (8)My job often interferes with my family and social obligations or

    personal needs

    RESPONSE STRONGLY DISAGREE AGREE SOMEWHAT STRONGLY AGREE

    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

    RESPONDENT

    1

    2

    3

    4

    56

    7

    8

    9

    10

    11

    12

    13

    14

    15

    1617

    18

    19

    20

    21

    22

    23

    24

    25

    26

    2728

    29

    30

    TOTAL

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    (9)I tend to have frequent arguments with superiors, coworkers or

    customers..

    RESPONSE STRONGLY DISAGREE AGREE SOMEWHAT STRONGLY AGREE1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

    RESPONDENT

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    6

    7

    8

    9

    10

    11

    12

    13

    14

    15

    16

    17

    18

    19

    20

    21

    22

    23

    24

    25

    26

    27

    28

    29

    30

    TOTAL

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    (10)Most of the time I feel that I have very little control over my

    life at work

    RESPONSE STRONGLY DISAGREE AGREE SOMEWHAT STRONGLY AGREE1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

    RESPONDENT

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    6

    7

    8

    9

    10

    11

    12

    13

    14

    15

    16

    17

    18

    19

    20

    21

    22

    23

    24

    25

    26

    27

    28

    29

    30

    TOTAL

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    MAJOR FINDINDS

    (1)Ican't honestly say what I really think or get things off

    my chest at work

    Strongly disagree Agree somewhat Strongly agree

    15 11 3

    51.72% 37.93% 10.34%

    Bar diagram presentation:

    Conclusion:

    (2) My job has a lot of responsibility,but I don't have very

    much authority.

    51.72%

    37.93%

    10.34%

    0.00%

    10.00%

    20.00%

    30.00%

    40.00%

    50.00%

    60.00%

    strongly disagreeagree somewhat strongly agree

    strongly disagree

    agree somewhat

    strongly agree

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    Strongly disagree Agree somewhat Strongly agree

    12 13 4

    41.38% 44.83% 44.83%

    Bar Diagram Presentation:

    Conclusion:

    Conclusion:

    (3) I could usually do a much better job if I were given

    more time

    Strongly disagree Agree somewhat Strongly agree

    15 8 4

    51.72% 27.58% 13.79%

    Bar Diagram presentation:

    41.38% 44.83%

    13.79%

    0.00%

    5.00%

    10.00%15.00%

    20.00%

    25.00%

    30.00%

    35.00%

    40.00%

    45.00%

    50.00%

    strongly disagreeagree somewhat strongly agree

    strongly disagree

    agree somewhat

    strongly agree

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    Bar Diagram Presentation:

    Conclusion : 51.72% employees said that they cant do

    better if they are given more time . It means organization

    is giving ample to its employees to perform their job.

    (4) I seldom receive adequate acknowldgement or

    appreciation when my work is really good.

    Strongly disagree Agree somewhat Strongly agree

    12 6 10

    41.37% 20.68% 34.48%

    51.72%

    27.58%

    13.79%

    0.00%

    10.00%

    20.00%

    30.00%

    40.00%

    50.00%

    60.00%

    strongly

    disagree

    agree somewhat strongly agree

    strongly disagree

    agree somewhat

    strongly agree

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    Bar Diagram Presentation:

    Conclusion:

    (5)In general , I am not particularly proud or satisfied with

    my job.

    Strongly disagree Agree somewhat Strongly agree

    20 6 4

    68.96% 20.68% 23.79%

    41.37%

    20.68%

    34.48%

    0.00%

    5.00%

    10.00%

    15.00%

    20.00%

    25.00%

    30.00%

    35.00%

    40.00%

    45.00%

    strongly

    disagree

    agree somewhat strongly

    disagree

    strongly disagree

    agree somewhat

    strongly disagree

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    Bar Diagram Presentation:

    Conclusion:68.96 % employees said they are proud of

    their job that means they are satisfied with their job

    (6) I have the impression that I am repeatedly picked on or

    discriminated against at work

    Strongly disagree Agree somewhat Strongly agree

    17 5 758.62% 17.24% 24.13%

    68.96%

    20.68%

    13.79%

    0.00%

    10.00%

    20.00%

    30.00%

    40.00%

    50.00%

    60.00%

    70.00%

    80.00%

    strongly

    disagree

    agree somewhat strongly agree

    strongly disagree

    agree somewhat

    strongly agree

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    Bar Diagram Presentation:

    Conclusion:58.62% employees said that they are not

    discriminated against at work that shows there is no

    discrimination for assigning the job among the employees.

    (7)My workplace environment is not very pleasant or

    particularly safe.

    Strongly disagree Agree somewhat Strongly agree

    20 6 3

    68.96% 20.68% 10.34%

    58.62%

    17.24%24.13%

    0.00%

    10.00%

    20.00%

    30.00%

    40.00%

    50.00%

    60.00%

    70.00%

    strongly disagreeagree somewhat strongly agree

    strongly disagree

    agree somewhat

    strongly agree

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    Bar Diagram Presentation:

    Conclusion:68.96 % employees said that their workplace

    environment is pleasant and safe that means working

    conditions are good in the organization.

    (8)My job often interferes with my family and social

    obligations or personal needs.

    Strongly disagree Agree somewhat Strongly agree

    15 7 7

    51.72% 24.13% 24.13%

    68.96%

    20.68%

    10.34%

    0.00%

    10.00%

    20.00%

    30.00%

    40.00%

    50.00%

    60.00%

    70.00%

    80.00%

    strongly disagreeagree somewhat strongly agree

    strongly disagree

    agree somewhat

    strongly agree

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    BarDiagram Presentation:

    Conclusion: 51.72% employees said that their job interferes

    with their family , social obligations and personal needs

    which means that they are assigned with lots of

    responsibility and this is why they dont get time for their

    personal matters.

    (9) I tend to have frequent arguments with superiors ,

    coworkers or customers..

    Strongly disagree

    Agree somewhat

    Strongly agree21 6 2

    72.41% 20.68% 6.89%

    Bar Diagram Presentation:

    51.72%

    24.13% 24.13%

    0.00%

    10.00%

    20.00%

    30.00%

    40.00%

    50.00%

    60.00%

    strongly disagreeagree somewhat strongly agree

    strongly disagree

    agree somewhat

    strongly agree

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    Conclusion:72.41% employees said that they tend to have

    frequent arguments with superiors , coworkers or

    customers which shows that some kind miscommunication

    is there.

    (10)Most of the time I feel that I have very little control

    over my life at work.

    Strongly disagree Agree somewhat Strongly agree

    20 6 3

    68.96% 20.68% 10.34%

    72.41%

    20.68%

    6.89%

    0.00%

    10.00%

    20.00%

    30.00%

    40.00%

    50.00%

    60.00%

    70.00%

    80.00%

    strongly disagreeagree somewhat strongly agree

    strongly disagree

    agree somewhat

    strongly agree

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    Bar Diagram Presentation:

    Conclusion:68.96 % employees have said that they have

    very little control over their life at work which means they

    are unable to control and manage their work as per their

    work as per their own convenience.

    (11)

    Strongly disagree Agree somewhat Strongly agree

    155 74 47

    53% 26% 16%

    68.96%

    20.68%

    10.34%

    0.00%

    10.00%

    20.00%

    30.00%

    40.00%

    50.00%

    60.00%

    70.00%

    80.00%

    strongly disagreeagree somewhat strongly agree

    strongly disagree

    agree somewhat

    strongly agree

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    Bar Diagram Presentation:

    Conclusion:

    1.53% employees are stress free.

    2.26 % employees can handle their job stress

    moderately well

    3. 16% employees are encountering problems that need

    to be addressed and resolved.

    53%

    26%

    16%

    0%

    10%

    20%

    30%

    40%

    50%

    60%

    strongly disagree agree somewhat strongly agree

    strongly disagree

    agree somewhat

    strongly agree

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    Recommendations

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    Limitations of the Study

    The questionnaires were filled be 29 employees working in the

    organization . So the scope of sample findings was less.

    The questionnaire was filled by 29 employees of different

    designations. So the point of view of employees differs as per

    their designations.

    The employees from whom the questionnaires are filled are in a

    heavy workload so some of the questionnaires filled by theemployees who are in stress cannot be called reasonable.

    The responses of the employees cannot be accurate as the

    problem of language and understanding arises. (These problems

    are not in all cases.)Many a times the employees may not be

    really conscious or may not be bothered about the

    questionnaire. This may create a problem in the research.

    Disadvantages ofWritten Questionnaires

    One major disadvantage of written questionnaires is the

    possibility of low response rates.

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    Another disadvantage of questionnaires is the inability

    to probe responses. Questionnaires are structured

    instruments. They allow little flexibility to the respondent

    with respect to response format. In essence, they often

    lose the "flavor of the response" (i.e., respondents often

    want to qualify their answers). By allowing frequent

    space for comments, the researcher can partially

    overcome this disadvantage. Comments are among the

    most helpful of all the information on the questionnaire,and they usually provide insightful information that

    would have otherwise been lost.

    Nearly ninety percent of all communication is visual.

    Gestures and other visual cues are not available withwritten questionnaires. The lack of personal contact will

    have different effects depending on the type of

    information being requested. A questionnaire

    requesting factual information will probably not be

    affected by the lack of personal contact. A

    questionnaire probing sensitive issues or attitudes may

    be severely affected.

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    Finally, questionnaires are simply not suited for some

    people. For example, a written survey to a group of

    poorly educated people might not work because of

    reading skill problems. More frequently, people are

    turned off by written questionnaires because of misuse.