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RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT

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RESOURCES ANDDEVELOPMENT

NATURAL RESOURCES

EVERYTHING AVAILABLE IN OUR ENVIRONMENT TO SATISFY OUR NEEDS IS CALLED A RESOURCE SUCH AS LAND , WATER , VEGETATION AND MINERALS.

What are resource?

TYPES OF RESOURCES

ON THE BASIS OF ORIGIN These are

obtained from the biosphere and have life

such as human beings

, flora and fauna ,

fisheries , livestock etc .

All those things which are

composed of non- living things are

called abiotic resources . For example ,rocks

and metals .

Biotic resources Abiotic resources

ON THE BASIS OF EXHAUSTIBILITYRenewabl

e

Non- renewable

The resources which can be renewed or

reproduced by physical , chemical or mechanical processes

are known as renewable or replenishable

resources e.g., solar and wind

energy ,water and forests etc .

Non-renewable resources occur

over a long period of time and take

millions of years in their formations and cannot be remade immediately e.g., minerals and fossil

fuels .

ON THE BASIS OF OWNERSHIP

Individual resources

Community owned resources

 Individual resources are those resources

which are owned by an individual and can 't

be accessed by someone else. These are also referred as private resource.

These are indicators of a capitalist country

and its influence. E.g.. Land , property,

houses, cars etc. 

Community resources are a group of assistance

programs that are provided to the members of a community for free. Each resource is made available to community members to help them become self-reliant and maintain their human rights and well being.

E.g.. Public parks, village commons etc.

National resources

International resources

All the resources belong to the nation. The

country has legal powers to acquire even private

property for public good. Urban Development

Authorities get empowered by the

government to acquire land. E.g. All the minerals, water

resources, forests, wildlife, land within the political boundaries are resources which belong

to the nation.

All the resources lying beyond 200 kms of Exclusive Economic Zone in

the oceans are called International

Resources. No individual country can use it without the permission of

International agencies.

ON THE BASIS OF STATUS OF DEVELOPMENT

Potential resources Developed resourcesThese are known to

exist and may be used in the future. For

example, petroleum may exist in many parts of India and Kuwait that have

sedimentary rocks, but until the time it is

actually drilled out and put into use, it remains a potential

resource.

 Developed resources are those that have been surveyed, their quantity and quality determined and are

being used in present times. The

development of an actual resource, such as wood processing depends upon the

technology available and the cost involved .

stock reservesStock resources are

those that have been surveyed but cannot be used by organisms due

to lack of technology. For example: water is a

compound of 2 inflammable gases:

hydrogen and oxygen, which can be used as a rich source of energy.

But we do not have the required technical know-how to use them for this purpose. Hence it can be

considered as stock.

The part of an actual resource which can be

developed profitably in the future is called a reserve resource.

The water in dams, forests etc. is a reserve which

can be used in future.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Sustainable development means development should

take place without damaging the

environment ,and development in the present

should not compromise with the needs of the future

generations.

RESOURCE CONSERVATIONPlanned use of resources in order to meet the present needs and to store a part for the future generations is called resource conservation. It is necessary because1) Many resources are non-renewable and exhaustible. If we conserve them we can use them for a longer period of time. 2) Conservation of resources helps us to reduce wastage. It will help in economic progress. 3) Resource conservation helps us to protect the environment.

SOIL

The upper most layer of the earth’s crust which is loose , broken and useful

for plants is called soil.Soil consists of mineral matter such as sand and clay and Organic matter such as humus, bacteria and earth worms.

Soil is formed mainly due to the process of weathering. As a result of

weathering a layer of loose rock materials is formed on the land surface. If this layer remains undisturbed for a long period of time, chemical, physical and organic changes take place in it.

These changes lead to the formation of soil.

ALLUVIAL SOIL

Alluvial soil is the most fertile and wide spread soil found in India. It is formed due to the deposition of fine silt called alluvium by the rivers.  It is found in the northern plains,

Gujarat plains and the coastal plains.  It consists of sand, silt and clay. It is divided into khadar and Bangar [new alluvium and old alluvium] It contains soil nutrients such as potash,

phosphoric acid and lime. So, it is fertile and good for the growth of sugarcane, rice, wheat and

pulses.

BLACK SOILRegur soils are called black cotton soils because they are

black in colour and are very good for cotton cultivation. It is made up of extremely fine clayey materials. It has the

capacity to hold moisture for a long time. These soils develop deep cracks in summer. This helps in the aeration

of the soil. This soil is sticky. It is mainly found in the Deccan Trap region of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya

Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. It is formed due to the weathering of volcanic rocks. It is very rich in potash, calcium carbonate, magnesium and lime. It is poor in

phosphoric content.

RED AND YELLOW SOILS Red soils are formed due to the weathering of crystalline igneous rocks under low rainfall conditions.• It is red in

colour because of the presence of iron in it.• It is found in Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa,

Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand.

LATERITE SOILThe word laterite originated from the Latin word later which means brick. Laterite soil is formed due to intense leaching caused by tropical rainfall. Humus content is less because

the micro-organisms get destroyed due to high temperature. This soil can be cultivated by using manure and fertilizers. It is good for the cultivation of tea, coffee

and cashew nut. It is found in Kerala, Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Assam.

FOREST SOILSForest soils are found in hilly and mountainous regions. They are loamy and silty in valleys and coarse in the upper slopes. In Himalayas they suffer denudation and are acidic with low humus content. The soils found in the lower slopes of the valley are fertile.

ARID SOILSArid soils are red or brown in colour. They are

sandy and saline. Humus and moisture contents are very less. They can be cultivated after irrigation. Kankar layer in the soil prevent

the water from seeping under ground.

SOIL EROSION

Removal of top soil from one place to another by natural agencies is called soil erosion. It is caused by running water and wind. Deforestation, over grazing and unscientific agricultural

practices are responsible for large scale soil erosion.

GULLY EROSIONThe rain water when moves down on an uneven

land scoops away the soil and form deep channels called gullies. This type of erosion is called gully erosion. A land which is broken into many small parts by the gullies is called

bad land. A bad land is unfit for cultivation and for other economic activities.

SHEET EROSION

Some times water flows as a sheet over large areas down a slope. The water takes away the top soil. This

type of erosion is called sheet erosion.

Thank you …

VIDUSHI UPADHYAYX – C

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA