world breastfeeding day celebrations 2017 ppt

ప్ర ప్౦చ తలి్లపాలవారోతసవాు

2017

World Breastfeeding Week 2017 will be celebrated from Tuesday(1st of

August) to the Monday(7th of August).

112/19/2017 Dr.K.V.S.Sai Prasad M.B.B.S.DCh.,PGCCA

ప్ర ప్౦చ తలి్లపాలవారోతసవాు౨౦౧౭


Importance of breast feeding and nutrition

• WHO/UNICEF have emphasized the first 1000 days of life i.e, the 270 days in-utero and the first two years after birth as the critical window period for nutritional interventions.

• As the maximal brain growth occurs, malnutrition in this critical period can lead to stunting and suboptimal developmental outcome.


WHY IT IS CELEBRATING

• Breast feeding is organized and promoted worldwide by the WABA (World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action), WHO (World Health Organization) and UNICEF (United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund) to get the goal of elite breastfeeding by mother for their baby of first six months in order to get the incredible health benefits, to fulfill the all vital nutrients, to encourage mother for the healthy growth and development of their child, to guard them from the lethal health problems and diseases including neonatal jaundice, pneumonia, cholera and many more.


When was it started

• It was first started and celebrated by the World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action in the year 1992. And later it is being celebrated in more than 120 countries by the UNICEF, WHO and their participants such as individuals, associations and governments. World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action was also established in the year 1991 at 14th of Feb to promote the comprehensive breastfeeding culture worldwide by providing the support and achieve the real goal.


WORLD BREASTFEEDING WEEK THEMES• The theme of 1992 was “Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI)”.• The theme of 1993 was “Mother-Friendly Workplace Initiative (MFWI)”.• The theme of 1994 was “Protect Breastfeeding: Making the Code Work”.• The theme of 1995 was “Breastfeeding: Empowering Women”.• The theme of 1996 was “Breastfeeding: A Community Responsibility”.• The theme of 1997 was “Breastfeeding: Nature’s Way”.• The theme of 1998 was “Breastfeeding: The Best Investment”.• The theme of 1999 was “Breastfeeding: Education for Life”.• The theme of 2000 was “Breastfeeding: It’s Your Right”.• The theme of 2001 was “Breastfeeding in the Information Age”.• The theme of 2002 was “Breastfeeding: Healthy Mothers and Healthy Babies”.• The theme of 2003 was “Breastfeeding in a Globalised World for Peace and Justice”.• The theme of 2004 was ‘Exclusive Breastfeeding: the Gold Standard – Safe, Sound, Sustainable”.• The theme of 2005 was “Breastfeeding and Family Foods: Loving & Healthy – Feeding Other Foods While

Breastfeeding is Continued”.• The theme of 2006 was “Code Watch – 25 Years of Protecting Breastfeeding”.• The theme of 2007 was “Breastfeeding: The 1st Hour – Save ONE million babies!”.• The theme of 2008 was “Mother Support: Going for the Gold Everyone Wins!”.• The theme of 2009 was “Breastfeeding: A Vital Emergency Response”.• The theme of 2010 was “Breastfeeding, Just 10 Steps! – The baby friendly way”.• The theme of 2011 was “Talk To Me! Breastfeeding – A 3D Experience”.• The theme of 2012 was “Understanding the Past, Planning for the Future”.• The theme of 2013 was “Breastfeeding Support: Close To Mothers”.• The theme of 2014 was “Breastfeeding: A Winning Goal – For Life!”• The theme of 2015 was “Breastfeeding and Work – Let’s Make it Work!”• The theme of 2016 breast milk for sustained development


AIMS OF THE BREAST FEEDING CAMPAIGN

• To make aware the peer group to support mothers in order to establish and carry on the breastfeeding.

• To initiate the breastfeeding supporters to be trained to provide support to mothers and babies in more effective ways.

• To make aware the people to attend and expand the Peer Counseling programmes by letting them know the effective and efficient benefits of the Peer Counseling.

• To call on the governments to get more and worldwide maternity facilities in order to increase the rate and duration of elite breastfeeding.

• To discover the contacts of the neighboring community support so that breastfeeding mothers can go them to get help and support after delivery.

• There are five circles of support from which a mother should get assistance for breast feeding. A woman is surrounded by these circles of support which are Family and Social Network, Workplace and Employment, Government or Legislation, Healthcare and Response to Crisis or Emergency


Benefits of breast feeding.

The risk of hospitalization for lower respiratorytract infections in the first year

if infants are breastfedexclusively for more than 4 months.

is reduced 72%

the risk of pneumonia infants who exclusively breastfed for 4 to 6 months compared with infants who exclusively breastfeed for >6 m

4 times incresed

incidence -otitis media Exclusive breastfeeding for >3 months

reduces the by 50%.

Serious colds andear and throat infections are

in infants who exclusivelybreastfeed for 6 months.

Reduced by 63%

incidence of nonspecific gastrointestinal tract infections,

Any breastfeeding is associated with

a 64% reduction this effect lasts for 2 monthsafter cessation of breastfeeding

10

From American Academy of Pediatrics


Benefits of breast feeding

The incidenceof type 1 diabetes

In infants exclusively breastfed for atleast 3 months.

reduced 30%

type 2 diabetes In infants exclusively breastfed for atleast 3 months.

A reduction of 40% in

Celiac disease in infants who were breastfed at the time of gluten exposure.

is reduced 52%

11



Benefits of human milk vs artificial feedingchildhood inflammatorybowel disease.

Breastfeeding in comparison to artificial feeding

31% reduction

asthma, atopic dermatitis,and eczema

Exclusive breastfeedingfor 3 to 4 months

27% in a low-risk population 42% in infants with positivefamily history.

adolescent and adult obesity. Breastfeeding in comparison with artificial feeding

a 30% reduction

Reduction in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

with any breastfeedingwith exclusive breastfeeding.

45% reduction 73% reduction

The incidence of NEC is significantly

with the feeding of humanmilk, even when fortified with cow milk–based human milk fortifiers.

reduced (anywhere from 58%to 83%)

NEC and NEC surgery in preterm infants

fed with exclusive humanmilk diet vs those fed human milk supplemented with cow milk–based infant formula

had a 77% reduction

12



Benefits of breast feeding for the mother • Both short- and long-term health benefits accrue to mothers who

breastfeed. • a reduction in postpartum blood loss • more rapid involution of the uterus. • increased child spacing secondary to lactational amenorrhea. • a reduction in in postpartum depression in mothers• a reduction in rheumatoid arthritis,• a reduction in hypertension,• a reduction in hyperlipidemia, • a reduction in cardiovascular• a reduction in disease,• a reduction in diabetes.• a reduction in both breast (primarily premenopausal)and ovarian cancer.

13From American Academy of Pediatrics 12/19/2017 Dr.K.V.S.Sai Prasad M.B.B.S.DCh.,PGCCA

National Family Health Survey-3 data-INDIA

EXCUSIVE BREAST FEEDING UPTO 6 M 20 MILLION CHILDREN – NOT ABLE TO RECEIVE

BREAST FEEDING WITH APPROPRIATE COMPLIMENTARY FEEDING

13 MILLIONS

EBF RATE from 41.2%in 1998-99 (NFHS-2)

46.3%% in 2005–2006 (NFHS-3)

The rate of early initiation of breastfeeding

standsabysmally low at 24.5%,

while the median duration of EBFamong last-born children is

as brief as 2months

the rate of EBF drops progressively from to

51% at 2-3months of age 28% at 4-5 months of age.


Annual Health Survey conducted in India from 2010 to2013 covering all the 284 districts (as per 2011 census) of 8

Empowered Action Group (EAG) States

percentage of children breastfed within one hour of birth

30% in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh

around 70% in Assam and Odisha.

Children exclusivelybreastfed for at least 6 months

17.7% in UP 47.5% in Chhattisgarh.

Introduction of complimentary feeds between 6–8 months,

53% infants

breastfed children being fed at least the minimum number of times recommended

only about 44 %

breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding children areFed inaccordanceIYCFrecommendations.

21%


Differences in neuro-developmental outcome between

breastfed and commercial infant formula–fed infants

• Adjusted outcomes for intelligence scores and teacher’s ratings are significantly greater in breastfed infants.

• Higher intelligence scores and higher teacher ratings are noted in infants breastfed exclusively for 3 months or longer.

• Significantly positive effects of human milk feeding on long-term neurodevelopment are observed in preterm infants, the population more at risk for adverse neuro-developmental outcomes.

• Studies to adolescence suggest that intelligence test results and brain volumes are greater in those who received human milk as preterm infants in the hospital, and these outcomes are related to the dose of human milk received in the hospital.


Benefits 0f proper feeding

• Proper feeding of infants and young children can increase their chances of survival. It can also promote optimal growth and development, especially in the critical window from birth to 2 years of age. Ideally, infants should be breastfed within one hour of birth, breastfed exclusively for the first six months of life and continue to be breastfed up to 2 years of age and beyond. Starting at 6 months, breastfeeding should be combined with safe, age-appropriate feeding of solid, semi-solid and soft foods.


advantages of -exclusively breast feeding

• An infant who is exclusively breastfed could be at a substantially lesser risk of death from diarrhea or pneumonia than one who is not breast fed.

• Moreover, breastfeeding supports infants’ immune systems and may protect them later in life from chronic conditions such as obesity and diabetes.

• In addition, breastfeeding protects mothers against certain types of cancer and other health conditions.


only about 2/5 of infants worldwide are exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life, and only around 2/3are

introduced to solid foods in a timely manner.

Updated: Oct 2016 1912/19/2017 Dr.K.V.S.Sai Prasad M.B.B.S.DCh.,PGCCA

https://data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/infant-and-young-child-feeding/


Percentage of infants 6-8 months of age fed solid, semi-solid or soft foods, 2015

Source: UNICEF global databases, 2016, based on MICS, DHS and other nationally representative sources, 2010-2016 ( • denotes countries with older data between 2005-2009; data from these countries are not included in the regional aggregates except for China (2008) which is used for the East Asia and the Pacific and World averages). 2012/19/2017 Dr.K.V.S.Sai Prasad M.B.B.S.DCh.,PGCCA



Recommended feeding practices


Global unicef data 2016

NEW BORN PUT TO BREAST

WITHIN -1 Hr 45%

EXCLUSIVELY BREAST FED UPTO 6M 45%

STILL BREAST FEEDING 12-15 MONTHS 75%

STILL BREAST FEEDING 20-23 MONTHS 50%

appropriate feeding of children

6 months to 2 years 2/3


UNICEF STATISTICS ON BREAST FEEDING




Percentage of infants aged 0-5 months receiving breastmilk only, breastmilk and plain water, breastmilk and non-milk liquids, breastmilkand other milk/formula, breastmilk and complementary foods and no breastmilk, by region, 2016. Source: UNICEF global databases, 2016, based on MICS, DHS and other nationally representative sources




• Breastfeeding is one of the few positive health behaviors that is more prevalent in poor than in rich countries; and within low- and middle-income-countries themselves, poor women breastfeed longer than rich women.[3]

• Across nearly all regions, more women from the poorest households continue to breastfeed after the first year of life when compared with women from the wealthiest households.

• This is particularly true in Latin America and the Caribbean, where the continued breastfeeding rate among women in the poorest households is nearly double that of their wealthier counterparts.

• Similarly, in West and Central Africa and East Asia and the Pacific, the rates among women from the poorest quintile are 1.6 times higher than women in the richest quintile.

• The difference between richest and poorest is negligible among countries studied in CEE/CIS.



• Global rates have improved modestly, with change driven almost entirely by South Asia, where exclusive breastfeeding rates increased by 17 percentage points between 2000 and 2015. While this is an important achievement, still fewer than two in three infants benefit from exclusive breastfeeding in the region.

• South Asia has made the greatest strides in exclusive breastfeeding of all regions


Percentage of 12-23 month olds that are breastfed, by wealth quintile and region, 2015

Source: UNICEF global databases, 2016, based on MICS, DHS and other nationally representative sources


RMNCHA 2013 –STATISTICS

Early initiation of breast feeding

<1hour after birth

33.5

Exclusive breast feeding

-BREAST FEEDING

ONLY 36.8

Complementary feeding

6-9 months

62.6

Data source: CES 2009; DLHS 3


తలి్లపాు ఇచ్చేటప్పుడు తిన వలసిన ఆహారప్దారా్ధు.


తలి్లపాు ఇచ్చేటప్పుడు తినకూడని ఆహారప్దారా్ధు.


Note: Analysis is based on a subset of 46 countries with comparable data for each of the 3 indicators from 2010-2016, comprising 52 per cent of the global population.

Source: UNICEF Global databases 2016, based on MICS, DHS and other national surveys.3212/19/2017 Dr.K.V.S.Sai Prasad M.B.B.S.DCh.,PGCCA



• Infants and young children have extremely high nutrient needs – and getting enough good nutrition into each mouthful is no easy task. Children need foods that pack a nutrient-dense punch. The needs for zinc and iron, minerals essential for optimal growth, immune function and development, are particularly high early in life. Flesh foods, eggs and dairy products are particularly effective at providing these essential nutrients, as well as vitamin A and calcium, between the ages of 6 months and 23 months. To understand the contribution of animal source foods to the diets of infants and young children, we present below the proportion of children receiving animal source foods in the previous day. Based on this analysis, it is clear that vast differences in the consumption of animal-source foods across regions exist, but one thing remains consistent: fewer children are eating animal-source foods between 6 months and 11 months of age than between 12 months and 23 months in every region. Despite improvements in animal source food consumption as children age, the fact that a third of these nearly 2-year-old children are still not consuming any animal-source foods at all requires programmatic action.

• Globally, the vast majority of children are eating only one type of animal source food in the previous day – or none at all


Percentage of children 6-23 months of age in each animal source food group category, by age and by region, 2015

Source: UNICEF global databases, 2016, based on MICS, DHS and other nationally representative sources.




THE OPTIMAL AND APPROPRIATE INFANT AND YOUNGCHILD NUTRITION PRACTICES AND STRATEGIES

• EBF should be practiced till end of six months (180days).

• After completion of six months, introduction ofoptimal complementary feeding should be practiced preferably with energy dense, homemade food.

• Breastfeeding should be continued minimum for 2 years and beyond.

• Mother should communicate, look into the eyes, touch and caress the baby while feeding.Practice responsive feeding.

• WHO Growth Charts recommended for monitoring growth


• For all normal newborns (including those by caesareansection) skin-to-skin contact should be initiated inabout 5 minutes of birth in order that baby initiates breastfeeding in an hour of birth.

• The method of ‘Breast crawl’ can be adopted for early initiation [5]. In case of operative birth, the mother may need extra motivation and support.

• Skin-to-skin contact between the mother and new born should be encouraged by ‘bedding in the mother and baby pair’.

• Mother should communicate, look into the eyes, touch and caress the baby while feeding.

• The new born should be kept warm by promoting Kangaroo Mother Care and promoting local practices to keep the room warm [6].


Storing expressed breast milk

• Expressed breast milk can be stored in plastic or glass containers with airtight, sealed lids.

• Using BPA free1 plastic wherever possible is a good idea.• The date and time can be written on the bottle/container or

on a sticky label securely attached to the bottle/container. • The baby’s full name should be written on the

bottle/container too if milk is being transported to another place such as the neonatal unit, children’s ward at the hospital, or an early childhood education centre.

• Milk should be stored in amounts from around 60mls to 200mls making sure there is a space free from milk at the top of the bottle as the milk will expand when freezing and spill over the top.

38MOH NZ Storage of breast milk guidelines


Storing expressed breast milk• If a woman is planning to express a few times in the day and getting

small amounts at each expressing time the milk expressed may be placed at the back of the fridge.

• When next expressing, this ‘new’ milk should also be placed in the fridge.

• When the second bottle of milk has cooled to fridge temperature the two bottles may be mixed. This can occur over a 24 hour period as long as the milk to be added is cooled first.

• Warm milk should never be added to cold milk or to frozen milk as this can cause some thawing of part of the milk and may lead to bacterial contamination.

• Expressed breast milk should be stored at the back of the fridge. Fridge doors tend to get opened a lot and the back of the fridge is cooler.

• If breast milk is unable to be stored in a fridge or a freezer straight away, the milk can be stored in a chilly bin with ice packs in contact with the bottles of milk for about 24 hours only

39MOH NZ Storage of breast milk guidelines12/19/2017 Dr.K.V.S.Sai Prasad M.B.B.S.DCh.,PGCCA

Using stored breast milk

• Frozen breast milk can be thawed in the fridge slowly, or by placing the bottle of milk in warm water if there is a need to thaw faster.

• Microwaves should not used to thaw or heat breast milk as this causes uneven heating which can scald a baby’s mouth and it also damages some of the important immune proteins in breast milk.

• Warm the expressed breast milk in a jug of hot water. Test the temperature of the milk by shaking a few drops on to the inside of a wrist.

• Do not re-warm breast milk that has been defrosted and previously heated

40MOH NZ Storage of breast milk guidelines


Using stored breast milk

• Breast milk can vary in colour and does not look like cow’s milk or formula milk. It can be yellowish, bluish or quite pale and watery looking and this is normal.

• Sometimes the fat separates during storage and goes to the top of the milk.

• Shake the bottle gently before using the milk to mix the fat back in again.

41

MOH NZ Storage of breast milk guidelines 12/19/2017 Dr.K.V.S.Sai Prasad M.B.B.S.DCh.,PGCCA

Can colostrum be used from stored human milk

• Colostrum is the first milk that mothers produce and it is packed with multiple immune proteins.

• All the milk expressed during the first two weeks should be given to the baby.

• Colostrum is present in the milk for about two weeks. • Fresh milk is always best, but after all the colostrum has been

used other milk stores from the oldest date may also be used when defrosting.

• If the baby is not breastfeeding at the breast at all, the colostrum should be given in the order it was produced and after four days can be alternated with freshly expressed breast milk.

42MOH NZ Storage of breast milk guidelines12/19/2017 Dr.K.V.S.Sai Prasad M.B.B.S.DCh.,PGCCA

Expressed or pumped breastmilk is easy to keep in the fridge or freezer.

• As with any natural substance, given the right amount of time at a given temperature, bacteria can grow and multiply in breast milk breaking down fats and proteins during their expansion. This process causes the milk to spoil so it is important to follow breast milk storage best practices.

• Breastmilk can be stored in clean glass or hard plastic containers (standardbaby bottles; food storage containers with tight-fitting, solid lids), or in breastmilk freezer bags. Refer to Health Canada for information on the safe use ofplastic containers.

• Pour expressed milk into clean container. Leave space at the top of thecontainer for expansion of milk if freezing (fill container ¾ full)

• Label container with the date the milk was expressed.• Freeze milk you don’t intend to use within 3 days. Cool milk first in

fridgebefore freezing.• You can add cooled milk to milk that is already in the fridge or freezer


Milk Storage Guidelines:Storage Time for Expressed Breast Milk

Room Temperature

Cooler with Ice Packs

Refrigerator*Store in the fridge not in the fridge door

Refrigerator Freezer (2 door refrigerator)

Deep Freeze

Fresh 4 hours 24 hours 3 days 6 months Up to 12 months

Thawed in fridge, not warmed

4 hours 4 hours 24 hours Do not refreeze

Do not refreeze

*Do not store milk that has been warmed4612/19/2017 Dr.K.V.S.Sai Prasad M.B.B.S.DCh.,PGCCA

Long-Term Breast Milk Storage

• it may be necessary to invest in a deep freezer as you may quickly run out of room in your kitchen freezer.

• Using a deep freezer allows to maximize your breast milk storage duration (12 months) and frees up your kitchen freezer for food.

• It is also wise to lay breast milk stored in bags on a flat surface in the freezer because this allows the possibility of “bricking” the bags to maximize space usage in your deep freezer.

• Bricking is essentially stacking the individual milk bags into larger zip -lock bags to form “bricks” that may be stacked for convenient storage.

• Also, to maximizing space usage, it is necessary to keep the milk organized with dates and amount of milk in each bag so that it can easily (and logically) be used

• Having things labeled and packed in an organized manner also helps ensure that nothing goes to waste.

• .


To thaw frozen breastmilk

• always use the oldest milk first

• thaw only what you need for one feeding

• thaw breast milk by putting the container:inthe fridge, or in a bowl of warm water

• DO NOT thaw breast milk in the microwave

• Breast milk can separate when frozen, gently swirl to remix once it thaws


To warm breast milk for feeding

• an individual feeding can be warmed by:

standing the container briefly in warm water

• DO NOT warm breast milk in microwave or on the stove

x4912/19/2017 Dr.K.V.S.Sai Prasad M.B.B.S.DCh.,PGCCA

Contra indications to breast feeding• A limited number of medical conditions preclude breastfeeding. • The only infant condition, galactosemia, requires use of a non-

lactose-containing milk. • Mothers who are positive for human T-cell lymphotrophic virus

type I or II should not breastfeed nor provide expressed milk to their infants.

• untreated brucellosis should not breastfeed nor provide expressed milk to their infants.

• Conditions in the mother that limit breastfeeding are:active untreated tuberculosis, H1N1 influenza, varicella, active herpetic lesions on the breast( However, expressed milk can be used.)

50FROM THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS


Breast feeding in HIV +ve mothers

• In the industrialized world, it is recommended that HIV-positive mothers not to breastfeed.

• In the developing world, where mortality is increased in non-breastfeeding infants, the overall health benefits of breastfeeding combined with antiretroviral therapy outweigh the risk of the acquiring HIV infection from human milk.

51FROM THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS


Maternal substance abuse & breast feeding

• Maternal substance abuse requires an evaluation before breastfeeding.

• Adequately nourished narcotic-dependent mothers can be encouraged to breastfeed if they are enrolled in a supervised methadone maintenance program and have negative screening for HIV infection and illicit drugs.

• Mothers using street drugs should not breastfeed.• Alcoholic beverage use should be minimized because

of effect on infant development. • Maternal smoking should be discouraged because it is

associated with an increase in respiratory allergy and sudden infant death syndrome(SIDS).

52FROM THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS12/19/2017 Dr.K.V.S.Sai Prasad M.B.B.S.DCh.,PGCCA

Breastfeeding an adopted baby or restarting your lactation

• Women who have never been pregnant may achieve lactation to breastfeed an adopted or surrogate baby. This requires a lot of support and access to good information.

• Relactation:Mothers may also decide to restart breastfeeding again and this is called relactation. A breast pump will usually be required to achieve lactation in these situations.

53

https://abm.me.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Relactation-webtext.pdf 12/19/2017 Dr.K.V.S.Sai Prasad M.B.B.S.DCh.,PGCCA

12/19/2017 Dr.K.V.S.Sai Prasad M.B.B.S.DCh.,PGCCA 54

world breastfeeding day celebrations 2017 ppt

Health & Medicine