54 fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h'

Y=oaOd;auhdKka ;=< n,j;a fufyjrla

wm tlsfkld yg msßkud ;sfnk Y=oaOd;au

§ukd úúOdldr h' wm tu §ukd y÷kd f.k"

foaj uysuh yd f.!rjh Wfoid tAjd lem lrñka

fufy lsÍu wjYH fõ' tf,i Y%S ,dxlsl iudch

;=< foaj f.!rjh Wfoid ;u Ôú; lem l< pß;

lsysmhla ms<sn| j fuu mdvfuka úuid n,uq'

12

bõ,ska ldks

12'1 rEmh ¡ bõ,ska ldks

bx.%Sis cd;sl ldka;djl jk bõ,ska ldks

tx.,ka;fha § Wm; ,nd we;af;a l%s'j' 1869

fmnrjdß ui 23 jk Èk § h' jhi wjqreÿ

úisyhl ;re‚hl j isáh § tkï l%s'j' 1896

§ weh tx.,ka;fha isg ,xldjg meñK we;'

tA weh tys .; l< iqj myiq Èúh iajdóka

jykafiaf.a fufyjr Wfoid lem lrkakg

h' tu fufyjr Wfoid weh f;dard .kq

,enQfha wkqrdOmqrfhkq;a ie;mqï wgl ÿßka

msysá ;,dj kï ÿIalr .ï mshi hs'

b;d u wirK ¡ È<s÷ .eñhka f,i Ôj;a

jQ fu.u jeishka tA jk úg uef,aßhdj yd

,dÿre jeks frda.j,ska mSvd ú¢ñka b;d ÿlaÅ;

Ôú; .; l< nj mejfia' fuu wirKhska

fjkqfjka ;u Èúh lem l<" tjl fhdjqka úfha miq jQ bõ,ska ldks Tjqkaf.a iqjh

yd iykh fjkqfjka úúO wdldrfhka lghq;= lr we;'

wdrïNfha § fuu wirKhska fjkqfjka fiajh lsÍug ksYaÑ;" iqÿiq ia:dkhla

fkdjQfhka" weh wkd: orejka fjkqfjka —m%S;s ksjdih;a˜ Ôú;fha ie|E iuh .;

lrñka isá jeäysáhka fjkqfjka —ikaOHdj˜ ksjdih;a msysgqjQfõ úúO whf.a Wojq

Wmldr o ,nd .ksñks' —kx.S f.or˜ kñka ck;djf.a o iydh we;s j mdi,la

fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h' 55

wdrïN l< weh" 1915 m<uq f,dal hqoaOfhka mSvd ú¢ wh fjkqfjka —idufha

ksfji˜ msysgqjQjd h' miq j weh th frday,a ;=kla olajd j¾Okh l<d h'

fï ish,a, w;r foaj kuialdrh Wfoid l=vd foajia:dkhla bÈlsÍug iu;a jQ

bõ,ska ldks" Èkm;d Y=oaO nhsn,h lshjd" .S;sld .dhkd lrñka wka wh yg

foúhka jykafia .ek lshd §ug bÈßm;a jQjd h' fuf,i weh iajdóka jykafia

;=< weoys,a,;a ¡ fm%auh;a wx. folla fkdj tlla u nj wehf.a Ôú;do¾Yfhka u

Ym: l<d h'

;j o b;d ir, ¡ pdï Èú fmfj;la .; l< weh Y%S ,dxlsl foaYSh ixialD;shg

wkq.; jQjd h' tA wkqj weh foaYSh ldka;djl fuka idßfhka ieriS isàug m%sh l<d

h' fuf,i bõ,ska ldks wehf.a lem jQ iudc ¡ foaj fufyjr yd Èú meje;au ;=<

.eñ ck;djf.a wdorh yd f.!rjh Èkd .ekSug iu;a jQjd h' tksid Tjqka —iqÿ

wïud˜ kñka weh ye¢kajQfha wehg f.!rjhla jYfhks'

;u uõìu jk tx.,ka;fha iqj myiq Èúhla .; lsÍug yelshdj ;sìh §"

Y=oaOd;auhdKka jykafiaf.a n,j;a l%shd lsÍu ;=< ;,dj jeks ÿIalr .ïudkhla

f;dard f.k iajdóka jykafia fjkqfjka ;u fufyjr uekeúka bgq l< bõ,ska

ldks 1953 ckjdß 25 Èk iajdóka jykafia ;=< ie;mqfKka" wehf.a N+uÞk lghq;=

tys jkdka;rfha § u isÿ lrk ,È'

w;s.re wekavDD l=udrf.a ysñmdfKda

12'2 rEmh ¡ w;s.re wekavDD l=udrf.a ysñmdfKda

1934 ckjdß ui 24 Èk

Wm; ,o w;s.re wekavDD

l=udrf.a ysñmdKka ,xld

iNdfõ l=reKE., ÈfhdalSisfha

foaj.e;sjrfhl= f,i tl;=

jQfha 1959 uehs ui 23 jk Èk

§ h' Bg fmr 1958 uehs ui 01

Èk isg t;=ud ,xld iNdfõ

ÈhHdfldakajrfhl= f,i lghq;=

lf<a h'

bkaÈhdfõ l,algd ìfIdma

foaj O¾u úoHd,hg l%s'j' 1954

È we;=<;a jQ w;s.re wekavDD

l=udrf.a ysñmdfKda tys § ÈjH Ydia;%fõ§ Wmdêh ysñlr .;ay' miq lf,l §

tx.,ka;fha n¾ñkayeï ys fjiaÜys,a úoHd,fha wd.ñl wOHdmkh ms<sn|

ämaf,daudjla o iïmQ¾K l< t;=udfKda" l=reKE., ,xld iNd ÈfhdalSisfha

wd.ñl wOHdmkh ms<sn| iqúYd, fufyjrlg Þhl jQy' wd.ñl wOHdmkh" mdi,a

56 fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h'

wOHdmkh Wfoid fuka u foaj.e;sjrekaf.a m%fhdackh i|yd wd.ñl fmd;m;

o t;=udKka fj;ska ks¾udKh úh' ;j o foaYShlrKh ;=< ckÔú;h" wd.ñl

keUqrej fj; fhduq lsÍug t;=udKka ±rE W;aidyh m%YxikSh fõ'

hym;a tfåfrl=f.a N+ñldj orñka w;s.re wekavDD l=udrf.a ysñmdfKda ck;djf.a

úúO .eg¨j, § iyk ie,iSug ueÈy;aj l%shd l<y' ck;djf.a wd¾Òl ;;a;ajh

kxjd,Sug o" mjq,a Ôú;fha hymeje;au fjkqfjka o" hym;a iudc in|;d j¾Okh

lr .ekSug o wjYH foaj uÕfmkaùu fiùug ck;dj fhduq lsÍu t;=udf.a

mq¿,a fufyjfrys wx.hla úh' Ydka; .=K msß t;=udfKda hym;a tfåfrl= f,i

ck;dj wdOHd;añl j fmdaIKh lsÍu Wfoid fuf,i mshjr .;af;da h'

l%s'j' 1954 uehs ui 06 Èk ,xld iNdfõ l=reKE., ÈfhdalSisfha ;=ka jk ìfIdma

;=ud f,i m;a j l%s'j' 2000 jif¾ § úY%du ,nk f;la tu ;k;=r orñka t;=udfKda

iNdjg uyÕ= fufyjrla bgq l<y' iajdóka jykafia ;=< ish tfår fufyjr

uekúka bgq l< w;s.re wekavDD l=udrf.a ysñmdfKda jhi wjqreÿ 78la wdhq j<|d

2012 wfm%a,a ui 21 Èk iaj¾.ia: jQy'

f.!rjkSh fidauisß l=udrÞia fmf¾rd foaj.e;s;=ud

12'3 rEmh ¡ f.!rjkSh fidauisß l=udrÞia

fmf¾rd foaj.e;s;=ud

fudrgqj" ¨kdj .%dufha 1921 foieïn¾ ui

30 Èk Wm; ,o f.!rjkSh fidauisß l=udrÞia

fmf¾rd foaj.e;s;=ud ;u uQ,sl wOHdmkh

,enQfõ fudrgqj fõ,aia l=ur úÿyf,ks' foaj

fiajhg msúiSug fmr t;=ud rdcH fiajfha

/lshdjl ksr; j isáfha h' miq j t;=ud 1945

jif¾ § foaj O¾uh ms<sn| wOHhkh i|yd

nex.f,da¾ ys fifrïmQ¾ úYajúoHd,hg

we;=<;a úh' wk;=re j l%s'j' 1949 § Y%S ,xld

fuf;daÈia; iNdfõ foaj.e;sjrfhl= f,i

fiajh wdrïN lf<a h' miq lf,l t;=ud

fmardfo‚h úYaj úoHd,fha l=,dpd¾h f,i

;u fiajh ie,iQfõ h' tu ;k;=r orñka

fiajh lrk w;r;=r § u ;j;a foajia:dk

mylg o ;u fiajh i,ikakg bÈßm;a ùu

meiiqï lghq;= h'

wk;=re j t;=ud ms<su;,dj ,xld foaj O¾u Ydia;%d,fha Ydia;%d,hdêm;s f,i

1968¡1978 yd 1986¡1989 j¾Ij, fiajh lf<a h' fuys § foaj.e;s fiajfha .eUqr;a"

ixys¢hdfjka hq;= j iudch ;=< Ôj;a fjñka iqndrxÑ ¥; fufyjfrys fh§fï

jeo.;alu;a ms<sn| j foaj.e;sjreka yg t;=udf.ka ,o u. fmkaùu m%YxikSh h'

fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h' 57

;j o 1985¡1996 ld,h ;=< cd;sl l%sia;shdks uKav,fha iNdm;s ;k;=r fynejQ

fu;=ud wdishdkq l%sia;shdks iïfï,kfha yd c.;a l%sia;shdks iïfï,kfha o

;k;=re orñka lghq;= lf<a h'

iuia; ls;=kq iNdjg wu;r j iuia; iudchg u uyÕ= fufyjrla bgq l<"

ksy;udkS .;s mej;=ïj,ska fyì" ms<sfj< fndfyda fia w.h l< kdhlfhl= f,i

f.!rjkSh fidauisß l=udrÞia fmf¾rd foaj.e;s;=ud m%p,s; h' t;=ud fyd| ijka

fokafkla úh' ienE tfårl=f.a ,laIK ms<sìUq lrñka ñksiqkaf.a .eg¨j,g

ijka §ug t;=ud ksr;=re j iQÞkï j isáfha h'

cd;sl iu.sh yd ixys¢hdj Wfoid lemùfuka lghq;= l< t;=ud ls;=kq iNd w;r

tluq;=j Wfoid o mshjr .ekSug bÈßm;a úh' Y%S ,dxlsl ck Ôú;h ;=< ckjd¾.sl

fn§ï fkd;sìh hq;= nj úYajdi l< t;=ud" Y%S ,xldfõ isú,a hqoaOh mej;s iufha

Èjhsfka iduh we;s lsÍu Wfoid ;u Þhl;ajh Wmßu f,i ie,iQfõ h' t;=ud

tä;r j l%shd lrñka hqoaOhg úreoaO fjñka" thska mSvdjg m;a jQjkag wdrlaIdj

ie,iSug ;u kdhl;ajh ,nd ÿkafka h' udkj ysñlï ms<sn| j.lSï orñka iuia;

iudchg uy;a fiajhla t;=ud úiska i,ik ,È'

jir y;<syl w¾:j;a fiajd ld,hla i,iñka 1989 jif¾ § mQ¾K ld,Sk fiajfhka

úY%du .;a t;=ud 2011 iema;eïn¾ 29 Èk iaj¾.ia: úh'

jkaokSh úkhdpd¾h fvdk,aâ lk.r;akï wkqkdhl ;=ud

12'4 rEmh ¡ jkaokSh úkhdpd¾h fvdk,aâ

lk.r;akï wkqkdhl ;=ud

ms<su;,dj foaj O¾u Ydia;%d,fha

Ydia;%d,hdêm;s Oqrh fynjQ fu;=ud"

,xld iNdfõ fld<U ÈfhdalSisfha

wkqkdhl Oqrfhka o msÿï ,oafoa h' wdpd¾h

Wmdêhla ,nd isá fu;=ud" isxy, fou<

yd bx.%Sis NdId ms<sn| yi< ±kqulska hq;=

úh' b;d .eUqre foaj O¾u b.ekaùï ir,

j yd rij;a j bÈßm;a lsÍfï olaI;djla

fu;=ud i;= úh'

ukqIHhd wdOHd;añl j fmdaIKh lsÍu

fuka u Tjqkaf.a .eg¨j,g w¾:j;a

j uqyqK §ug Tjqka ffO¾hj;a lsÍu

fu;=udf.a fufyjfrys lemS fmfkk

.=Kdx.hla úh' fu;=ud ms<su;,dj foaj

O¾u Ydia;%d,fha fiajh l< ld,h ;=< §

r;aój, f.dú ck;dj yd fiiq .ïjdiSka

58 fkdñf,a fnÞyeÍu i|yd h'

l%shdldrlu

1' mdif,a § ksjfia § m,a,sfha § Tng l< yels fiajd

fol ne.ska ,shkak'

2' rfÜ ck;djf.a iqN isoaêh Wfoid ;u Ôú;h lem

l< ;j;a fofofkl=f.a fiajh ms<sn`o flá igyka

,shkak'

fjkqfjka bgq l< fiajh m%YxikSh fõ' yqfola fn!oaO mßirhlska fyì r;aój,

m%foaYfha ck;dj fjkqfjka t;=ud f<ka.;= jQjd fia u .ïjdiSyq o t;=-ud uy;a

wdorfhka ms<s.;ay' cd;Ska w;r iu.sh yd iqyo;dj j¾Okh lsÍug o t;=ud

mqfrda.dó úh'

fu;=ud jõkshdj m%foaYfha fndfyda l,la fiajh lf<a Ôú; wjÞkula o orñks'

b;d lgql Ôú; .; l< tu m%foaYfha ck;dj iu. wkq.; fjñka" ck;dj ;u

ksfjig le|jd .ksñka Tjqkaf.a m%Yakj,g úi÷ï ,nd §ug fu;=ud ;u Ôú;fha

jeä ld,hla lem lf<a h' ;ud Ôj;a jQ ksfji ck;d fiajh Wfoid ,xld iNdfõ

fld<U ÈfhdalSishg mjrd §ug t;=ud mshjr .;a w;r tu —ixys¢hdfõ ksfji˜

cd;Ska w;r iduh bgq lsÍug yels ia:dkhla njg m;a lf<a h'