abhimanyu verma x a

8/3/2019 Abhimanyu Verma X A

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TRANSPORT

COMMUNICATION

TRADE



To explain the importance of transport

and communication in the ever

shrinking world.



Transport, communication and trade play an important role inday to day life as they link production with consumption.Production itself becomes easy by transport, communicationand trade as processing site is linked with the sites of raw

material. Developed transport, communication and trade helpgoods and services being distributed in the local, nationaland international markets. They not only ensure movement of people, materials and communication but also movement of ideas, and skill from one region to another. So, thedevelopment of efficient transport and communication

network reflects the development of economy and the countryas a whole. These means are called lifelines of a nationµseconomy.



MEANS OF

TRANSPORT

LAND WATER AIR

ROADWAYS RAILWAYS PIPELINESINLANDWAYS

OVERSEASWAYS

DOMESTICAIRWAYS

INTERNATIONALAIRWAYS

PUBLICUNDERTAKING

PRIVATEAIRLINES



Road network in India- 2.3 MILLION km

Road can be classified into six classesaccording to their capacity which are-

1. Golden quadrilateral super highway2. Nation highways

3. State highways

4. District roads

5. Other roads

6. Border roads



They were Introduced by British Govt. in 1853Introduced by British Govt. in 1853 -- 34 km. between34 km. between

Mumbai to ThaneMumbai to Thane

Railways are the principle mode of transportation for freight andRailways are the principle mode of transportation for freight and

passenger in Indiapassenger in India

Railways make it possible to conduct multifarious activities likeRailways make it possible to conduct multifarious activities like--

1.1. BusinessBusiness

2.2. SightseeingSightseeing

3.3. PilgrimagePilgrimage

4.4. Transportation of goods over long distancesTransportation of goods over long distances

Indian railways have been a great integrating force for more thanIndian railways have been a great integrating force for more than

150 years150 years



Railway Network in India(As on March 31,2004)

1. Route Length : 63,221 km

2.Railway Station :7,031

3. Railway Engines :7,817

4. Coaches :36,510

5. Wagons :2,28,170

6. Running Track :1,07,969 km.

7. Electrified Track :17,500 km.

8. Zones :16



New arrival on transportation map of India

Used to transport-

1. Water

2. Crude oil

3. Petroleum products

4. Natural gas



India has inland navigationwaterways of 14500km inlength

Out of these only 3700km arenavigable by mechanisedboats

India¶s trade with foreigncountries is carried from the

ports located along thecoasts.95% of country¶s tradevolume (68% in terms of value) is moved by sea



At the time of Independence

- 5 sea ports

Sea ports at West Coast Seaports at East Coast

1. Kandla 1. Tuticorin

2. Mumbai 2. Chennai

3. Nhova Sheva (Jawahar Lal Nehru) 3. Ennore

4.Mormugao 4.Vishakhapatnam

5. Mangalore 5. Paradip

6. Kochi 6. Haldia



Air travel is the fastest, most comfortable and prestigious mode of transport.

Civil Aviation Department of controls and supervises the activities of airlines and gives guidelines for safe operations of the airlines.

AIR SERVICES :- 1. Air India - 26 Air Craft

2. Indian Airlines - 54 Air Craft3. Pawan Hans Helicopters

4. Private Air Lines (Scheduled & Non-scheduled)-70

International Airports :- 1.Delhi 8.Kochi

2.Mumbai 9.Hyderabad

3.Chennai 10. Guwahati

4. Kolkata 11. Bangalore5. Amritsar 12. Thiruvananthapuram

6. Ahmedabad 13. Srinagar

7. Panaji 14. Pune

Airports are managed by Airports Authority of India.



Communication is the process in which messages aresent from one place to another; people sittingthousands of km. away talk with one another andeven watch one another.

Various Means of communicationVarious Means of communication- -

1. Postal Services ±

2. Print Media

3. Telecommunication-4. Electronic Media - Radio & Television

5. Teleprinters and Cables



The exchange of goods among people, states and countries is referred to astrade.

Trade between two countries is called international trade.

Foreign Trade includes exports and imports. Export trade is the trade inwhich a country supplies its surplus goods and commodities to other nationsand earn valuable foreign exchange. Import trade is the trade in which acountry obtains these goods and commodities from other countries in which it is

deficient.Balance of Trade is the difference in the value of exports and imports.

Major items of India¶s Exports - Agriculture and allied product, ores andminerals, gems and jewellery and chemical products, engineering goods.

Major items of India¶s Imports- Petroleum and petroleum products, pearlsand precious stones, inorganic chemical, coke, machinery, fertilizers etc.

Except 1972-73 and 1976-77, India¶s trade balance has been adverse since

independence.



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