bharat aur samkaleen vishva (5) - आधुनिक विश्व में चरवाहे

8/13/2019 Bharat Aur Samkaleen Vishva (5) -

1/20

vk/qfud fo'o esa pjokgs 97

vk/qfud fo'o esa pjokgs

bl v;k; esavki ?kqearwpjokgksaosQ ckjsesai


2/20

98 Hkkjr vkSj ledkyhu fo'o

1-1 igkM+ksaesatEewvkSj d'ehj osQ xqTtj cdjoky leqnk; osQ yksx HksM+&cdfj;ksaosQcM+s&cM+sjsoM+j[krsgSaA bl leqnk; osQ vf/drj yksx vius eosf'k;ksaosQfy, pjkxkgksadh ryk'k esaHkVdrs&HkVdrsmUuhlohalnh esa;gkvk, FksAtSls&tSlsle; chrrk x;k os;ghaosQ gksdj jg x,_ ;ghacl x,A blosQckn oslnhZ&xehZosQ fglkc lsvyx&vyx pjkxkgksaesatkusyxsA tkM+ksaesatc ph igkfM+;kcI+kZQ ls


3/20

vk/qfud fo'o esa pjokgs 99

vkSj Lihfr osQ xkoksaesa,d ckjfiQj oqQN le; osQ fy, #drsA bl chposxfeZ;ksadh I+kQlysadkVrsvkSj lfnZ;ksadh I+kQlyksa dh cqokbZdjosQ vkxsc


4/20


1-2 iBkjksa] eSnkuksavkSj jsfxLrkuksaesa

pjokgs flI+kZQ igkM+ksa esa gh ughajgrsFksA osiBkjksa] eSnkuksavkSj jsfxLrkuksaesaHkh cgqr cM+h la[;k esaekStwn FksA

/axj egkjk"Vdk ,d tkuk&ekuk pjokgk leqnk; gSA chlohalnh dh'kq#vkr esabl leqnk; dh vkcknh yxHkx 4] 67]000 FkhA muesals;knkrjxM+fj;s;k pjokgsFksgkykfd oqQN yksx oQEcy vkSj pknjsaHkh cukrsFkstcfdoqQN HkSal ikyrsFksA /axj xM+fj;scjlkr osQ fnuksaesaegkjk"VosQ e; iBkjksaesajgrsFksA ;g ,d vkZ&'kq"d bykdk Fkk tgkckfj'k cgqr de gksrh Fkh vkSjfeV~Vh Hkh [kkl mitk ughaFkhA pkjksarjI+kQ flI+kZQ daVhyh >kfM+;kgksrh FkhaAcktjstSlh lw[kh I+kQlyksaosQ vykok ;gkvkSj oqQN ughamxrk FkkA ekWulwu esa;g iV~Vh /axjksaosQ tkuojksaosQ fy, ,d fo'kky pjkxkg cu tkrh FkhAvDrwcj osQ vklikl /axj cktjsdh dVkbZdjrsFksvkSj pjkxkgksadh ryk'k

esaif'pe dh rjI+kQ py iM+rsFksA djhc eghusHkj iSny pyusosQ ckn osviusjsoM+ksaosQ lkFk dksad.k osQ bykdsesatkdj Msjk Mky nsrsFksA vPNh ckfj'kvkSj mitk feV~Vh dhcnkSyr bl bykdsesa[ksrh [kwc gksrh FkhA dksad.khfdlku Hkh bu pjokgksadk fny [kksydj Lokxr djrsFksA ftl le; /axjdksad.k igqprsFksmlhle; dksad.k osQ fdlkuksadks[kjhI+kQdh I+kQly dkVdj vius[ksrksadksjchdh I+kQly osQ fy, nksckjk mitk cukuk gksrk FkkA

/axjksaosQ eos'kh [kjhI+kQ dh dVkbZosQ ckn [ksrksaesacph jg xbZBwBksadks[kkrsFksvkSj muosQ xkscj ls[ksrksadks[kkn fey tkrh FkhA dksad.kh fdlku /axjksadkspkoy Hkh nsrsFksftUgsaosokil viusiBkjh bykdsesaystkrsFksD;ksafd ogkbl rjg osQ vukt cgqr de gksrsFksA ekWulwu dh ckfj'k 'kq: gksrsgh /axjdksad.k vkSj rVh; bykdsNksM+dj lw[ksiBkjksadh rjI+kQ ykSV tkrsFksD;ksafdHksM+saxhysekWulwuh gkykr dkscnkZ'r ughadj ikrhaA

dukZVd vkSj vkakzizns'k esaHkh lw[ks e; iBkj ?kkl vkSj iRFkjksalsvVsiM+sFksA buesaeosf'k;ksa] HksM+&cdfj;ksavkSj xM+fj;ksadk gh clsjk jgrk FkkA

u, 'kCn

jch % tkM+ksa dh I+kQlysaftudh dVkbZekpZosQ ckn 'kq: gksrh gSA

[kjhI+kQ % flracj&vDrwcj esa dVus okyhI+kQlysaA

BwB % ikS/ksadh dVkbZosQ ckn kehu esajgtkusokyh mudh tM+A

fp=k 5 & if'peh jktLFkku osQ Fkkj jsfxLrku

esa pjrs jkbdk leqnk; osQ mQV-

;gkikbZtkus okyh lw[kh vkSj dVhyh >kfM+;ksa

osQlgkjs flI+kZQ mQV gh fkank jg ldrs gSa_

ysfdu i;kZIr Hkkstu ikusosQ fy, mUgsa cgqr

cM+sbykosQ esa pjuk iM+rk gSA
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5/20


6/20


fp=k 7 & if'peh jktLFkku esacyksrjk fLFkr mQV esyk-mQVikyd ;gkmQVksadh [kjhn&I+kQjks[r osQ fy, vkrsgSaA esysesaek: jkbdk mQVksaosQ izf'k{k.k esaviuh egkjr dk Hkh izn'kZu djrsgSaA bl esysesaxqtjkr ls?kksM+sHkh yk, tkrsgSaA

fp=k 8 & iq"dj dk mQV esyk-

ckr dk ges'kk [k;kyj[kuk iM+rk Fkk fd muosQ jsoM+,d bykosQ esafdrusfnu rd jg ldrsgSavkSj mUgsadgkikuh vkSj pjkxkg fey ldrsgSaA mUgsau osQoy ,d bykosQ lsnwljsbykosQ esatkusdk lgh le; pquuk iM+rk FkkcfYd ;g Hkh ns[kuk iM+rk Fkk fd mUgsafdu bykdksalsxqkjusdh NwV fey

ik,xh vkSj fdu bykdksalsughaA lI+kQj osQ nkSjku mUgsajkLrsesaiM+usokysxkoksaosQ fdlkuksalsHkh vPNslacak cukusiM+rsFksrkfd muosQ tkuoj fdlkuksaosQ

[ksrksaesa?kkl pj losaQ vkSj mudksmitk cukrspysaA viuh jksth&jksVh osQtqxkM+esamUgsa[ksrh] O;kikj vkSj pjokgh] ;slkjsdke djusiM+rsFksA

vkb,] vc ns[ksafd vkSifuosf'kd 'kklu osQ nkSjku ;kuh vaxzskksaosQkekusesapjokgksadkthou fdl rjg cnyk\
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7/20

vk/qfud fo'o esapjokgs 103

fp=k 10 & pjkxkgksa dh ryk'k esa fudys ekykkjh pjokgsA muosQ xko dPN dh ju esa fLFkr gSa -

fp=k 9 & ek: jkbdkvksa dh oa'kkoyh crkus okyk-oa'kkoyh crkus okyk leqnk; dk bfrgkl crkrk gSA bl rjg dh ekSf[kd ijaijkvksa lspjokgk leqnk;ksa dksviuh igpku dk Hkko feyrk gSA bu ijaijkvksals ge ;g irk yxkldrs gSa fd dksbZ lewg vius vrhr dksfdl rjg ns[krk gSA
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8/20


f;kdyki

ksr xvkSifuosf'kd 'kklu osQ nkSjku pjokgksadh fkanxh esaxgjscnyko vk,AmuosQ pjkxkg fleV x,] bkj&mkj vkus&tkusij cafn'ksayxusyxhavkSjmulstksyxku olwy fd;k tkrk Fkk mlesaHkh o`f gqbZA [ksrh esa mudkfgLlk ?kVusyxk vkSj muosQ is'ksvkSj gqujksaij Hkh cgqr cqjk vlj iM+kA

vkb, ns[ksafd ;g lc dSlsvkSj D;ksagqvk\

igyh ckr % vaxzsk ljdkj pjkxkgksadks[ksrh dh kehu esarCnhydj nsuk pkgrh FkhA kehu lsfeyusokyk yxku mldh vkenuh dk ,dcM+k ksr FkkA [ksrh dk {ks=kiQy c


9/20


f;kdyki

ksr ?kdk ksr FksA ftu {ks=kksa esa mUgsaizos'k dh NwV nh xbZogk Hkh mu ij dM+hukj j[kh tkrh Fkh taxyksa esankf[ky gksusosQ fy, mUgsaijfeV ysuk iM+rkFkkA taxy esa muosQ izos'k vkSj okilh dh rkjh[k igyslsr; gksrh Fkh vkSjog taxy esacgqr de gh fnu fcrk ldrsFksA vc pjokgsfdlh taxyesa;knk le; rd ughajg ldrsFksHkysgh ogkpkjk fdruk gh gks] ?kklfdruh Hkh D;ksau gks] vkSj pkjksarjiQ ?kuh gfj;kyh gksA mUgsablfy,fudyrk iM+rk Fkk D;ksafd vc mudh fkanxh ou foHkkx }kjk tkjh fd,ijfeVksaosQ v/hu FkhA ijfeV esaigysgh fy[k fn;k tkrk Fkk fd ogdkuwuu dc rd taxy esajgsaxsA vxj og le;&lhek dk mYya?ku djrsFksrksmu ij tqekZuk yxk fn;k tkrk FkkA

rhljh ckr %vaxzsk vI+kQlj ?kqearwfdLe osQ yksxksadks 'kd dh ukjls ns[krs FksA os xko&xko tkdj viuh phksa cspus okysdkjhxjksa o

O;kikfj;ksavkSj viusjsoM+osQfy, gj lky u,&u, pjkxkgksadh ryk'kesa jgusokys] gj ekSle esaviuh fjgkb'k cny ysusokyspjokgksaij;dhu ughadj ikrsFksA ospkgrsFksfd xzkeh.k turk xkoksaesajgs] mudhfjgkb'k vkSj [ksrksaij muosQ vfkdkj r; gksaA bl rjg dh vkcknh dhigpku djuk vkSj mldks fu;af=kr djuk ;knk vklku Fkk tks ,d txgfVd dj jgrh gksA ,slsyksxksadks'kkafrfiz; vkSj dkuwu dk ikyu djusokyk ekuk tkrk Fkk_ ?kqearqvksa dks vijkkh ekuk tkrk FkkA 1871 esavkSifuosf'kd ljdkj usvijkkh tutkfr vfkfu;e (Criminal TribesAct) ikfjr fd;kA bl dkuwuosQ rgr nLrdkjksa] O;kikfj;ksavkSj pjokgksa

osQ cgqr lkjs leqnk;ksadksvijkkh leqnk;ksadh lwph esaj[k fn;k x;kAmUgsaoqQnjrh vkSj tUetkr vijkkh ?kksf"kr dj fn;k x;kA bl dkuwu osQykxwgksrsgh ,slslHkh leqnk;ksadks oqQN [kkl vfklwfpr xkoksa@cfLr;ksaesacl tkusdk gqDe lquk fn;k x;kA mudh fcuk ijfeV vkoktkgh ij jksdyxk nh xbZA xzkE; iqfyl muij lnk ukj j[kusyxhA

pkSFkh ckr % viuh vkenuh c


10/20


ikl fn[kkdj igysVSDl vnk djuk iM+rk FkkA pjokgsosQ lkFk fdrustkuoj gSa vkSj mlus fdruk VSDl pqdk;k gS] bl ckr dksmlosQ ikl esantZdj fn;k tkrk FkkA

2-1 bu cnykoksauspjokgksadh ftanxh dksfdl rjgizHkkfor fd;k\

bu phkksadh otg lspjkxkgksadh xaHkhj deh iSnk gksxbZA tSls&tSls;knkls ;knk pjkxkgksadksljdkjh dCksesaysdj mUgsa[ksrksaesacnyk tkusyxk]oSls&oSlspjkxkgksaosQ fy, miyCk bykdk floqQM+us yxkA blh rjg] taxyksaosQ vkj{k.k dk urhtk ;g gqvk fd xM+fj;svkSj i'kqikyd vc viuseosf'k;ksadkstaxyksa esaigystSlh vkkknh ls ughapjk ldrsFksA

tc pjkxkg [ksrksaesacnyusyxsrks cps&[kqpspjkxkgksaesapjusokystkuojksadh rknkn c


11/20


vkSj pjkxkgksaosQ csfglkc bLrseky lspjkxkgksadk Lrj fxjusyxkA tkuojksaosQ fy, pkjk de iM+usyxkA iQyLo:i tkuojksadh lsgr vkSj rknkn HkhfxjusyxhA pkjsdh deh vkSj tc&rc iM+usokysvdky dh otg lsdekksj vkSj Hkw[kstkuoj cM+h la[;k esaejusyxsA

2-2 pjokgksausbu cnykoksadk lkeuk dSlsfd;k\

bu cnykoksa ij pjokgksadh izfrf;k dbZ:iksa esalkeus vkbZA oqQNpjokgksausrksvius tkuojksa dh la[;k gh de dj nhA vc cgqr lkjstkuojksadkspjkusosQ fy, igysdh rjg cM+s&cM+svkSj cgqr lkjseSnkuughacpsFksA tc iqjkuspjkxkgksadk bLrseky djuk eqf'dy gks x;k rksoqQNpjokgksausu,&u, pjkxkg


12/20


vkb, vc kjk vi+ zQhdk dh rjI+kQ pysa tgknqfu;k dh vkkh ls;knkpjokgk vkcknh jgrh gSA vkt Hkh viz+Qhdk osQ yxHkx lok nks djksM+yksxjkskh&jksVh osQ fy, fdlh u fdlh rjg dh pjokgh xfrfofk;ksaij ghvkfJr gSaA buesacsnqbZUl] cjcslZ] eklkbZ] lksekyh] cksjku vkSj rqdkZuk tSlstkus&ekusleqnk; Hkh 'kkfey gSaA buesals;knkrj vc vkZ&'kq"d ?kkl osQeSnkuksa;k lw[ks jsfxLrkuksaesajgrsgSatgko"kkZvkkkfjr [ksrh djuk cgqreqf'dy gSA ;gk osQ pjokgsxk;&cSy] V] cdjh] HksM+o xksikyrsgSavkSj nwk] ekl] i'kqvksadh [kky o u vkfn csprsgSaA oqQN pjokgsO;kikjvkSj ;krk;kr lacakh dke Hkh djrsgSaA oqQN pjokgh osQ lkFk&lkFk [ksrh

Hkh djrsgSaA oqQN yksxpjokgh lsgksusokyh ekewyh vk; lsxqtj ughagksikusij dksbZHkh kakkdj ysrsgSaA

fganqLrku dh rjgvi+ zQhdh pjokgksadh fkanxh esaHkh vkSifuosf'kdvkSj mkj&vkSifuosf'kddky esaxgjscnyko vk, gSaA vkf[kj D;k Fks;scnyko\

33333 vi+zQhdk esapjokgk thou

fp=k 12 & eklkbZ ySaM ftlosQ ihNs fdfyeatkjks igkM+ fn[kkbZ ns jgs gSa -cnyrh ifjfLFkfr;ksa osQ dkj.k eklkbZ eDdk] pkoy] vkyw] xksHkh tSls mu [kk| inkFkks ij fuHkZj gksrstk jgsgSa tks muosQ bykosQ esaiSnk ugha gksrsA ijaijkxr :i ls os bu phkksa

dks ilan ugha djrs FksA eklkbZ ekurs gSafd I+kQly mxkusosQ fy, kehu ij gy pykuk izo`Qfr osQ fo# gS_ ;fn vki kehu ij [ksrh djusyxrs gSa rks og pjokgh osQ yk;dugha jgrhA lkStU; % n eklkbZ ,lksfl,'kuA
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13/20


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14/20


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15/20


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16/20


vPNspjkxkgksavkSjty lalkkuksaosQ gkFk lsfudy tkusdh otg lsml NksVsls bykosQ ij ncko cgqr ;knk c


17/20


pjokgsu osQoy eos'kh pjkrsFkscfYd rjg&rjg osQ O;olk; Hkh fd;kdjrsFksA vkSifuosf'kd 'kklu osQ varxZr Fkksi nh xbZcafn'kksalsmudkO;kikj can rksughagqvk ysfdu vc ml ij rjg&rjg osQ vaoqQ'k k:jyx x,A

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ysfdu vkSifuosf'kd 'kkludh LFkkiuk osQ ckn rkseklkb;ksadks,dfuf'pr bykdsesaoSQn dj fn;k x;k FkkA muosQ fy, ,d bykdk vkjf{krdj fn;k x;k vkSj pjkxkgksadh [kkst esa ;gk&ogkHkVdusij jksd yxknh xbZA mUgsacsgrjhu pjkxkgksalseg:e dj fn;k x;k vkSj ,d ,slhvkZ&'kq"d iV~Vh esajgusij etcwj dj fn;k x;k tgklw[ksdh vk'kadkges'kk cuh jgrh FkhA D;ksafd ;syksx ladV osQ le; Hkh viustkuojksadksysdj ,slh txg ughatk ldrsFkstgkmUgsavPNspjkxkg fey ldrsFksAblfy, lw[ksosQ lkyksaesaeklkb;ksaosQ cgqr lkjseos'kh Hkw[k vkSj chekfj;ksadh otg lsekjstkrsFksA 1930 dh ,d tkp lsirk pyk fd dhfu;kesaeklkb;ksaosQ ikl 7]20]000 eos'kh] 8]20]000 HksM+ vkSj 1]71]000xksFksA 1933 vkSj 1934 esaiM+sosQoy nkslky osQ lw[ksosQ ckn buesalsvkksls ;knk tkuoj ejpqosQ FksA

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3-4 lc ij ,d tSlk vlj ughaiM+k

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i'kq pjkrsgSaA lkStU; % n eklkbZ ,lksfl,'kuA
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18/20


;q esa cgknqjh dk izn'kZu djosQ viuh enkZuxh lkfcr dj nsrsFksA fiQjHkh osofj"B tuksaosQuhpsjg dj gh dke djrsFksA

eklkb;ksa osQ ekeyksadh ns[kHkky djusosQ fy, vaxzsk ljdkj usdbZ,slsI+kSQlysfy, ftuls vkusokyslkyksaesacgqr xgjsvlj iM+sA mUgksausdbZeklkbZmilewgksaosQ eqf[k;k r; dj fn, vkSj vius&vius dchysosQlkjsekeyksadh fkEesnkjh mUgsagh lkSai nhA blosQ ckn mUgksausgeyksavkSjyM+kb;ksaij ikcanh yxk nhA bl rjg ofj"B tuksavkSj ;kskvksa] nksuksadh

ijaijkxr lkk cgqr dekksj gks xbZAtSls&tSls le; chrk] vkSifuosf'kd ljdkj }kjk fu;qDr fd, x,

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bl rjg eklkbZlekt esanksLrjksaij cnyko vk,A igyk] ofj"B tuksavkSj ;kskvksaosQ chp mezij vkkkfjr ijaijkxr I+kQoZQ iwjh rjg [kRe Hkys

u gqvk gksij cqjh rjg vLr&O;Lr k:j gksx;kA nwljk] vehj vkSj xjhcpjokgksaosQ chp u;k HksnHkko iSnk gqvkA

fp=k 17 &vkt Hkh ;ksk cuusosQ fy, ;qodksa dks O;kid

vuq"Bkuksals xqkjuk iM+rk gSgkykfd vc ;g izFkk igys tSlh

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dchysosQ bykosQ dk nkSjk djuk iM+rk gSA bl ;k=kk osQ var esa os

Nkikekjksa dh rjg nkSM+dj vius vgkrsesa?kqlrsgSaA bl lekjksg osQ

ekSosQ ij ;qod


19/20


fu"d"kZ

bl rjg ge ns[krs gSafd vkkqfud fo'o esavk, cnykoksals nqfu;k osQ

vyx&vyx pjokgk leqnk;ksaij vyx&vyx rjg osQ vlj iM+sgSaA u,dkuwuksavkSj lhekvksaus mudh vkoktkgh dk


20/20


iz'u

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f;kdyki

1- Li"V dhft, fd ?kqearwleqnk;ksadksckj&ckj ,d txg lsnwljh txg D;ksatkuk iM+rk gS\ bl fujarjvkokxeu ls i;kZoj.k dks D;k ykHk gSa\

2- bl ckjsesa ppkZdhft, fd vkSifuosf'kd ljdkj us fuEufyf[kr dkuwu D;ksa cuk,\ ;g Hkh crkb, fdbu dkuwuksals pjokgksadsthou ij D;k vlj iM+k %

ijrh Hkwfe fu;ekoyh

ou vfkfu;e

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pjkbZdj

3- eklkbZ leqnk; dspjkxkg mllsD;ksa fNu x,\ dkj.k crk,A

4- vkkqfud fo'o us Hkkjr vkSj iwohZviz+Qhdh pjokgk leqnk;ksadsthou esaftu ifjorZuksadks tUe fn;kmuesadbZ lekurk,FkhaA ,sls nks ifjorZuksadsckjs esafyf[k, tksHkkjrh; pjokgksavkSj eklkbZxM+fj;ksa]nksuksa dschp leku:i lsekStwn FksA

1- dYiuk dhft, fd ;g 1950 dk le; gSvkSj vki 60 o"khZ; jkbdk i'kqikyd gSaA vki viuh iksrhdkscrk jgs gSafd vkkknh dsckn lsvkidsthou esaD;k cnyko vk, gSaA vki mlsD;k crk,xs\

2- eku yhft, fd vkidks,d izfl if=kdk usmifuos'kokn lsigysviz+Qhdk esaeklkb;ksa dh fLFkfr dsckjs esa ,d ys[k fy[kusds fy, dgk gSA og ys[k fyf[k, vkSj mls ,d laqnj 'kh"kZd nhft,A

3- fp=k 11 vkSj 13 esafpfr pjokgk leqnk;ksaesalsoqQN leqnk;ksaosQ ckjsesavkSj tkudkfj;kbd_k dhft,Af;kdyki
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bharat aur samkaleen vishva (5) - आधुनिक विश्व में चरवाहे

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