delhi sultanat

8/20/2019 Delhi Sultanat

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DELHI SULTANATDELHI SULTANATBY:TARUN PRATAPBY:TARUN PRATAP



THE SULTANTHE SULTAN

THE HEAD OF THE STATE WAS THE SULTAN WHOTHE HEAD OF THE STATE WAS THE SULTAN WHO

ENJOYED POSITION AND POWER SIMILAR TO THATENJOYED POSITION AND POWER SIMILAR TO THAT

OF THE CALIPH.THE ONLY DIFFERENCE BEING THEOF THE CALIPH.THE ONLY DIFFERENCE BEING THE

SUBORDINATE OF INFERIOR POSITION IN WHICHSUBORDINATE OF INFERIOR POSITION IN WHICH

HE WAS PLACED IN RELATION TO THE CALIPH.HE WAS PLACED IN RELATION TO THE CALIPH.THE SULTAN CONCENTRATED IN HIS HANDS ALLTHE SULTAN CONCENTRATED IN HIS HANDS ALL

EXECUTIVE AND JUDICIAL POWERS.EXECUTIVE AND JUDICIAL POWERS.

HE WAS THE HEAD OF THE ARMED FORCES ANDHE WAS THE HEAD OF THE ARMED FORCES AND

OFTEN LED HIS ARMIES IN PERSON TO THEOFTEN LED HIS ARMIES IN PERSON TO THE

BATTLEFIELD.BATTLEFIELD.

HE MADE ALL APPOINTMENTS TO THE HIGHERHE MADE ALL APPOINTMENTS TO THE HIGHER

CIVIL AND MILITARY POSTS.CIVIL AND MILITARY POSTS.



THE LAW OF SUCCESSIONTHE LAW OF SUCCESSION

THE ISLAMIC IDEALS REQUIRED A SOVEREIGN TO BE MALETHE ISLAMIC IDEALS REQUIRED A SOVEREIGN TO BE MALE ADULT,SUFFERING FROM N0O PHYSICAL DISABILITY,A FREE-BORN ADULT,SUFFERING FROM N0O PHYSICAL DISABILITY,A FREE-BORNMUSLIM HAVING FAITH IN ISLAM AND AQUAINTED WITH ITSMUSLIM HAVING FAITH IN ISLAM AND AQUAINTED WITH ITSDOCTRINES,CAPABLEOF LEADERSHIP,FIT TO GOVERN ON THEDOCTRINES,CAPABLEOF LEADERSHIP,FIT TO GOVERN ON THEPRINCIPLES OF EQUITY AND JUSTICE AND THAT HE SHOULD BEPRINCIPLES OF EQUITY AND JUSTICE AND THAT HE SHOULD BEELECTED BY THE PEOPLE.ELECTED BY THE PEOPLE.

NOTE-----BUT THESE WERE FOLLWED ONLY IN BREACHES.NOTE-----BUT THESE WERE FOLLWED ONLY IN BREACHES.RAZIA SULTAN WAS RAISED TO THE THRONE THOUGH AWOMENANDRAZIA SULTAN WAS RAISED TO THE THRONE THOUGH AWOMENANDAIQUBADREMAINED THE SULTAN AS A PARALYTIC.AIQUBADREMAINED THE SULTAN AS A PARALYTIC.

THUS THERE WAS NO LAW OF SUCCESSION TO THE THRONE.THETHUS THERE WAS NO LAW OF SUCCESSION TO THE THRONE.THEPRINCIPLE OF HEREDITORYSUCCESSION AND NOMINATIONOFPRINCIPLE OF HEREDITORYSUCCESSION AND NOMINATIONOFSUCCESSOR BY THE LAST RULING SULTAN CAME INTO VOGUE,BUTSUCCESSOR BY THE LAST RULING SULTAN CAME INTO VOGUE,BUTIF SOMEBODY USURPED AUTHORITY BY FORCE THEY DID NOTIF SOMEBODY USURPED AUTHORITY BY FORCE THEY DID NOT

HESITSTE TO OFFER HOMAGE TO HIM.THE SWORD ALSOHESITSTE TO OFFER HOMAGE TO HIM.THE SWORD ALSOSOMETIMES DECIDED THE ISSUE OF SUCCESSION AS THESOMETIMES DECIDED THE ISSUE OF SUCCESSION AS THEINSTANCES OF ALLAUDDIN HILJI AND BAHLOL LODHI SHOW.INSTANCES OF ALLAUDDIN HILJI AND BAHLOL LODHI SHOW.



ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS

THE SULTAN WAS ASSISTED BY THE NUMBER OF OFFICIALS!!!!!!..THE SULTAN WAS ASSISTED BY THE NUMBER OF OFFICIALS!!!!!!..

THE NAIB OR DEPUTY SULTAN------APPOINTMENT TO THIS POST WAS MADETHE NAIB OR DEPUTY SULTAN------APPOINTMENT TO THIS POST WAS MADEWHEN A RULER WAS A WEA OR MINORAND HE RANED ABOVE THE WAZIR.WHEN A RULER WAS A WEA OR MINORAND HE RANED ABOVE THE WAZIR.

WAZIR------HE WAS THE PRIME MINISTER AND WAS PLACED AT THE HEAD OFWAZIR------HE WAS THE PRIME MINISTER AND WAS PLACED AT THE HEAD OFTHE FINANCIAL DEPARTMENTCALLED THE DIWAN-I-WAZARAT.THE FINANCIAL DEPARTMENTCALLED THE DIWAN-I-WAZARAT.

MUSHRIF MAMLI------AUDITOR GENERAL.MUSHRIF MAMLI------AUDITOR GENERAL.

MUSTAUFI-I-MAMLI----------ACCOUNTANT GENERAL.MUSTAUFI-I-MAMLI----------ACCOUNTANT GENERAL. ARIZ-I-MAMLIHEAD OF THE MILITARY DEPARTMENT. ARIZ-I-MAMLIHEAD OF THE MILITARY DEPARTMENT.

DABIR-I-HAS--------HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT OF RECORDS CALLEDDABIR-I-HAS--------HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT OF RECORDS CALLEDDIWAN-I-INSHADIWAN-I-INSHA

SADR-US-SADUR-----HE WAS THE HEAD OF THE ECCLESIASTICALSADR-US-SADUR-----HE WAS THE HEAD OF THE ECCLESIASTICALDEPRATMENTDEPRATMENT

QAZI-UL-QUZUT-------HE WAS THE HEAD OF THE JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT.QAZI-UL-QUZUT-------HE WAS THE HEAD OF THE JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT.

BARID-I-MUMALI-------HE WAS THE HEAD OF THE INFORMATION ANDBARID-I-MUMALI-------HE WAS THE HEAD OF THE INFORMATION ANDINTELLIGENCEDEPARTMENT.INTELLIGENCEDEPARTMENT.



ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS

THE EMPIRE WAS DIVIDED INTO THE PROVINCES CALLED IQTAS.THE HEAD OF THETHE EMPIRE WAS DIVIDED INTO THE PROVINCES CALLED IQTAS.THE HEAD OF THEIQTAS WAS VARIOUSLY CALLED AS NAIB,SULTAN,NAZIM,MUQTI OR WALI.IQTAS WAS VARIOUSLY CALLED AS NAIB,SULTAN,NAZIM,MUQTI OR WALI.

THE ADMINISTRATIVE MACHINERY OF THE PROVINCES RESEMBLED THOSE OF THETHE ADMINISTRATIVE MACHINERY OF THE PROVINCES RESEMBLED THOSE OF THECENTRAL GOVERNMENT.THE HEAD OF THE PROVINCES WERE REQUIRED TO SENDCENTRAL GOVERNMENT.THE HEAD OF THE PROVINCES WERE REQUIRED TO SEND

ANNUAL REPORT OF THEIR INCOME AND EXPENDITURE TO THE SULTAN AND DEPOSIT ANNUAL REPORT OF THEIR INCOME AND EXPENDITURE TO THE SULTAN AND DEPOSITTHE BALANCE IN THE CENTRAL EXCHEQUER.THE BALANCE IN THE CENTRAL EXCHEQUER.

THE IQTAS WERE DIVIDED INTO THE SMALLER UNITS CALLED SHIQQS AND THEY WERETHE IQTAS WERE DIVIDED INTO THE SMALLER UNITS CALLED SHIQQS AND THEY WEREPLACED IN CHARGE OF SHIQQDARS.PLACED IN CHARGE OF SHIQQDARS.

THE SHIQQS WERE FURTHER DIVIDED INTO THE SARARS AND THE SARARS INTOTHE SHIQQS WERE FURTHER DIVIDED INTO THE SARARS AND THE SARARS INTOPARGANAS.PARGANAS.

THEY WERE PUT IN CHARGE OF SHIQQDAR-I-SHIQDARAN AND AWIL.THEY WERE PUT IN CHARGE OF SHIQQDAR-I-SHIQDARAN AND AWIL.

GREATER EMPHASIS WAS LAID ON THE PARGANA ADMINISTRATION AS IT WAS THEREGREATER EMPHASIS WAS LAID ON THE PARGANA ADMINISTRATION AS IT WAS THERETHAT THE GOVERNMENT WAS PUT IN THE DIRECT CONTACT WITH THE PEASANTS.THAT THE GOVERNMENT WAS PUT IN THE DIRECT CONTACT WITH THE PEASANTS.

THE VILLGE WAS THE LOWEST UNIT OF ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTERED BY THETHE VILLGE WAS THE LOWEST UNIT OF ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTERED BY THELOCAL HEREDITORY OFFICERS AND THE VILLAGE PANCHAYAT.LOCAL HEREDITORY OFFICERS AND THE VILLAGE PANCHAYAT.

THE HEREDITORY OFFICIALS LIE THE CHAUDHARI,PATWARI,HUT,MUQQADAM ANDTHE HEREDITORY OFFICIALS LIE THE CHAUDHARI,PATWARI,HUT,MUQQADAM ANDTHE CHAUIDAR HELPED THE GOVERNMENTIN THE COLLECTION OF THE REVENUETHE CHAUIDAR HELPED THE GOVERNMENTIN THE COLLECTION OF THE REVENUE

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