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Design, fabrication AND testinprototype internal 80K heliumpurication system for helium
By:
Bhavin b. arya!"0#80$!000!%External Guide:
Mr. A. K. Sahu
Scientist/Engineer SG,
Head LCPC division
P!, Gandhinagar.
nternal Guide
Pro". #r. S.M.M
APME, L#CE
Ah$eda%ad.
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!"0#80$!000!
&'()*N+ & -+/+N(A(*&N
•
ndigenous heliu$ &lant• 'eed o" &uri"ication s(ste$
• )%*ective o" +or
• #esign o" Adsor%er %ed
-. Selection o" adsor%ent
. ind $ass o" Adsor%ent re0uired
1. Calculate the length and dia$eter o" adsor%er %ed2. Calculate M34 length and %reathrough ti$e
5. #i$ension o" vessel
6. #esign o" "ilter
7. Modelling
• !e"erences
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*n1igenous helium plant
#i""erent o&erational s(ste$:-. Co$&ressor )il re$oval s(ste$
. Seven Heat exchanger
1. 3hree tur%o ex&ander
2. 3+o Puri"ication s(ste$5. 3+o 893 valve
6. Cold circulator
7. #e+ar
Fig.1 Process Flow Diagram for Liquid Helium P
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•
H!L is o&erated at &urit( %etter than . ; %( volu$e <-• Although su""icient &recautions i$&urit( level so$eti$es ca
high as -== PPM.
• high level o" i$&urit( enters cause condensation and choe lines and valves leading to large &ressure dro& and ine""icien
li0ue"action &rocess.• condensed and "ro?en i$&urit( can destro( the %lades o" tur%
H!L.
!"0#80$!000!
N++D & -'**2A(*&N /'3(+4
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• #esign, a%ricate @ 3esting )" Protot(&e Adsor%er ed o" B=K.
• Stud( o":
Helium !lant and its com!onents.
Design and analysis +or done "or B= K &uri"ier %ed o" actual si?e
• #esign:
3he Adsor%er %eds,
ilter ele$ents.
• nstru$entations "or adsor%er %ed test "acilit(.
• Ex&eri$ental &rocedure.
• #ra+ings re0uired "or $anu"acturing and asse$%l( o" di""erent ele$ents.
• Per"or$ the test, collect the data and anal(se it. !e&eat it "or di""erent t(&e o"
• Mae a re&ort o" a%ove +or.
!"0#80$!000!
&b6ective of pro6ect
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Design of a1sorber be1
• #esign o" adsor%er %ed can carr(out in "ollo+ing +a(9
-. Selection o" adsor%ent. ind $ass o" Adsor%ent re0uired
1. Calculate the length and dia$eter o" adsor%er %ed
2. Calculate %reathrough ti$e and $ass trans"er ?one<M34>
5. )&ti$i?e the length and dia$eter o" adsor%er %ed on di""erent &ara$ete
%reathrough ti$e, &ressure dro&, velocit(, $ass "lo+ rate etc..
6. #esign the "ilter
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• A#S)!P3)'9
•
Adsor&tion has %een de"ined as o&eration/&rocess in +hich the gas $adsor%ate> stic to the sur"ace o" the solid <adsor%ent> in one or $ore la(er.
• 3he Gas / li0uid &articles +hich are going to adsor% on a sur"ace is called as
• 3he Material on +hich that "luid get adsor%ed is called as Adsor%ent.
• Classi"ied as
•
Ph(sical Adsor&tion9 +ea inter$olecular "orces, called van der +aa %rought into &la(
• Che$isor&tion9 strong reaction %et+een the solid and the gas
!"0#80$!000!
!. /election of a1sorbent
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Physical Adsorption Chemisorption
Low heat of adsorption (<
2 or 3 times latent heat of
evaporation)
High heat of adsorption (> 2
or 3 times latent heat of
evaporation)
on speci!c Highly speci!c
"onolayer or "#ltilayer "onolayer only
o dissociation of
adsor$ed species
"ay involve dissociation%
&nly signi!cant at
relatively low
temperat#res
Possi$le over a wide range of
temperat#re
'apid nonactivated
reversi$le
Activated may $e slow and
irreversi$le
o electron transfer
altho#gh polari*ation of
sor$ate may occ#r
+lectron transfer leading to
$ond formation $etween
sor$ate and s#rface%
Table: 1
Comparison of Physical Adsorption & Chemisorption <Courtes(: !andall .
arron, Cr(ogenic S(ste$sD > !"0#80$!000!
!. /election of a1sorbent
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"y!e of adsor#er
•
Activated Car%ons• Car%on Molecular Sieves
• Silica gel
• Activated Alu$ina
• 4eolites
Fig.$ Adsor%ents <Courtes(:
3echnolog( and #esign>
Fig.% Sche$aticre&resentation
sho+ing the
"ra$e +or
structure o" <a>
?eolite A and <%>
?eolites and F
<Courtes(:
!uthven -B2, &
-1> !"0#80$!000!
!. /election of a1sorbent
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!. /election of a1sorbent
Adsor$ent
"icropore
vol#me ,o
(m3-g)
.#rface
Area
(m2-g)
Character
istic
adsorptio
n energy+o(/0-mol
e)
Adsorption
capacity
(mol-g)
PL
(it#mino
#s
Pitts$#rg
h Lignite)
0.000000
"
"".
"!.!
0.00!5
$
.C
(cocon#t
shell
$ased)
0.000000
"
5"$.
"
#.50.0005$
#
AC4 #."0+90$#"0.0
0#0.0
0.0005
7
A5a6 ".80+90$"80.0
0#!.#!
0.00!!5
7L3 #.""+90$78!.5
7#.$
0.00#0#
8#
Required !ro!erties of &dsor#ent
• High adsor&tion ca&acit(
• High sur"ace area &er unit $ass
• !egeneration should %e eas(
• Adsor&tion energ(
• Porosit(
• Availa%ilit(
• Econo$ical
e +ill go +ith Coconut 'ell #ased
carcoal
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!. /election of a1sorbent "icropore "esop
9iameter(
nm)# #95
Classification of Pore si)es :
"a#le sho+s Pore si?e <Courtes(: !uthven
-B2, & B>
• &dsor#ent Pysical
Pro!erty :
"a#le sho+s Ph(sical
Pro&ert( o" Adsor%ents
<Courtes(: Perr(s Che$ical
Hand%oo>
Adsor$ent(Car$on)
.hapeof
particles:
;nternal
porosity
#l/densit
y7g-L
Avere podiamer n
.hell $ased < 700."590.55
#
,ood$ased < =800.#59
0.0
Petrole#m$ased
<,2 =800."590.55
#
Peat$ased <,2,- =55 0.90.5 !9"Lignite $ased <,- $0985 0."90.$
it#mino#scoal$ased
<,- 70980 0."90.7 #9"
Car$onmolec#lar sieve
2 5950 0.590.$ 0.90
:.hapes= C cylindrical pellets ? gran#l
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'itrogen isother$s at 77K <Courtes(: #. Martins, . Catarino, #.
Lo&es, . Esteves, 8.P. Mota, G. on""ait, cr(ocoolers -6, & 56B>
3hree selected adsor&tion isother$s "or th
charcoal sa$&les <Courtes(: #. Martins
Esteves, 8.P. Mota, G. on""ait, cr(
!. /election of a1sorbent
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3here are $ainl( six t(&es o" Adsor&tion sother$s
-. Micro&orous $aterials <e.g. 4eolite and Activated car%on>
. 'on &orous $aterials <e.g. 'on&orous Alu$ina and Silica>
1. 'on &orous $aterials and $aterials +hich have the +ea
interaction %et+een the adsor%ate and adsor%ent <e.g.
Gra&hite/+ater>
2. Meso&orous $aterials <e.g. Meso&orous Alu$ina andSilica>
5. Porous $aterials and $aterials that have the +ea
interaction %et+een the adsor%ate and adsor%ent <e.g.
Activated car%on/+ater>
6. Ho$ogeneous sur"ace $aterials <e.g. Gra&hite/Kr and
'aCl/Kr>
I'*"H+R,'-% / " a 0uantit( 0 o" a gas or va&or is adsor%ed %( a &orous soli
te$&erature and the stead( state e0uili%riu$ &artial &ressure is & then the "unctio
adsor&tion isother$.
!"0#80$!000!
#. 4ass of a1sorbent
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!"0#80$!000!
#. 4ass of a1sorbent
Partial !ressure of Im!urities
• n ndigenous Heliu$ Li0ue"action Plant, the heliu$ +hich is going to use sh
is o&erated on -2%ar &ressure. ut the heliu$ su&&l( contain the i$&urities li
+hich is averaging to a%out -== PPM.
• So, the &artial &ressure o" ' i$&urit( is given %(,
PIJ-2 I =.==-=1 %ar.
• 'o+, "or the i$&urit(, the saturated &ressure at B=K is PoI-.16B7%ar.
•
So, !elative Pressure can %e given %(,P/P= I =.==-=1/-.16B7
I7. x -=92
• Sa$e +e can do "or other i$&urities.
• Partial Pressure o" )x(gen I .1 x -=92 %ar
• Partial Pressure o" Argon I-. x -=95 %ar.
•
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!"0#80$!000!
#. 4ass of a1sorbent
Selection Of Calculation Model From Relatie Pressure !"#
'elative
press#re
P-Po range
"echanism Calc#lation mo
6@ to @%@2 4icropore illing D(, <242, ?K, /,
@%@ to @% /ub94onolayer ormation D
@%@B to @%3 4onolayer 2omplete B+(, )angmui
> @% 4ultilayer ormation t9plot, @/
> @%3B 2apillary 2on1ensation B?, D?
@% to @%B 2apillary illing *n 4"!/9(ype
4aterials
D(, B?
• !elative &ressure o" i$&urities are in range o" -=9=2 so 9#3, GCMC, HK, S
#! Micro&ore illing Mechanis$ should %e use.
• 'o+, +e +ill go +ith DR model %ecause "or activated car%on #! e0uat
"aith"ul6.
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• #u%inin9!adushevic <#!> e0uation "or adsor&tion o" $ixture o" gas
• ,
• "or the $ass "lo+ rate o" $0 gs and $ our o" o&eration +ith 100!!m o" i$&u
• %( &utting the values +e +ill get adsor&tion ca&acit( around =.=22g/g.
=.=22 g o" i$&urities &er g o" car%on
• 3otal $ass o" i$&urities to %e adsor%ed =.- g.
• So $ass o" adsor%ent re0uired is 2.= g
mass of adsor#ent is 2 3g.
•
!"0#80$!000!
#. 4ass of a1sorbent
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!"0#80$!000!
. 2alculate the length an1 1iameter of a1sbe1
3here is a &ressure dro& in the heliu$ "lo+ across the %ad %ecause o" the
$aterial, car%on SC-- in this case. irst thing +e ee& in $ind +hile designing
that the &ressure dro& across the %ed should not %e $ore than 1= $%ar.
3he gra&h "or &ressure dro& across the %ed +ith various
%ed dia$eter is sho+n
So the dia$eter o" %ed should %e $ore than 6 inch "or
&ressure dro& less than 1= $%ar.
So initiall( taing dia$eter o" %ed 6 inch < =.-52 $>
Length can %e calculated as "ollo+,
'o+, and taing D 4 0.12%5 m
L 4 0.20 m
LD 4 $.%6
hich +e +ill %e o&ti$i?ed "urther .
f% C #$!.8 9#
Press#re drop vs 9
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!"0#80$!000!
". 2alculate 4(E length an1 breaFthrough t
Fig /7rea3 troug cFig /,ass transfer )one
reathrough ti$e, t % is the ti$e +hen the C/Co value %eco$es =.=- i$&urit(/ nlet i$&urit(> @ saturated ti$e, ts is the ti$e +hen C/Co value %eco
outlet i$&urit(/ nlet i$&urit(>.
3here are t+o $odel "or &rediction on M34 length and %reathrough ti$e
1. Rosen model
%. &9ial dis!ersion model
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!"0#80$!000!
". 2alculate 4(E length an1 breaFthrough t
Rosen model
3he !osen Model, develo&ed %( !osen
Assistances in "inding anal(tical results to adsor&tion
di""iculties.
3he %asic assu$&tions "or this $odel are as %elo+
-. 'o Axial dis&ersion
. sother$al conditions and linear isother$
1.Constant "lo+ velocit( @ Constant e""ective
di""usivit(
&9ial dis!ersion model
3he axial dis&ersion $odel is
that the concentration "ront is
h(drod(na$ic and inetic <"inite tra
3he e0uation "or the axial dis&
%(
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!"0#80$!000!
". 2alculate 4(E length an1 breaFthrough t
• Adsor&tion ca&acit( @ Mass o" Adsor%ent <'>
f% C 0.0# ln% G 0.!!
N# a1sorption capacity of coconut shell at 80K
f% C 0.0# ln% G 0.8
Nitrogen *sotherm at 80K for 2oconut /hell Base1 Ac
2haracteristic 2urve
#! theor(
f% C 0."5 ln% G 8.!8
henry constant
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". 2alculate 4(E length an1 breaFthrough t
• Adsor&tion ca&acit( @ Mass o" Adsor%ent <)>
2haracteristic curve
f% C 0.0" ln% G 0.57
&ygen *sotherm at 80K for 2oconut /he
f% C 0.0" ln% G 0.!"
&# a1sorption capacity of coconut shell at 80K
#! theor(
f% C 0.7 ln% G !!.7
Henry constant
2 l l l h 1 b F h h
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!"0#80$!000!
". 2alculate 4(E length an1 breaFthrough t
L," 4 0.1;6
m
'osen ime vs C-Co
4rom rea/thro#gh
c#rve
tb ! sH2I2o0.
ts #0! sH2I2o0.0!
4(E 0."8" m
4rom rea/ thro#gh
c#rve
tb #750!s H
ts 80!s H
4(E 0.!7$m
;'&?+ 'osen ime Ds C-Co;'&?+ A6ial 9ispersion C-C
" 2 l l t 4(E l th 1 b Fth h t
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!"0#80$!000!
". 2alculate 4(E length an1 breaFthrough t
&EF?+ A6ial 9ispersion
4rom rea/ thro#ghc#rve
tb #00!s
ts "$0!s
4(E 0.!7$m
4rom rea/thro#ghc#rve
ts 8070!s2I2o0.
tb !s2I2o0.0!
4(E 0."8m L," 4 0.1;6 m
Lengt of #ed 4 0.;;6
m
&EF?+ 'osen ime Ds C-Co
" 2 l l t 4(E l th 1 b Fth h t
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!"0#80$!000!
". 2alculate 4(E length an1 breaFthrough t
• e +ill consider a9ial dis!ersion $odel "or our calculation. e are not ge
result in a !osen $odel %ecause !osen $odel is %ased on a %asic assu$&ti
+ill no axial dis&ersion in "lo+, +hich in not correct in this case %ecausedia$eter.
• M34 length in %oth the case "or nitrogen and ox(gen is sa$e as =.
%reathrough ti$e "or nitrogen and ox(gen are around 7.1 hour and B.= ho
"ar $ore than our ti$e o" o&eration. e can use that length and dia$eter %e
"acilit(.
" 2 l l t 4(E l th 1 b Fth h t
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!"0#80$!000!
". 2alculate 4(E length an1 breaFthrough t$rea/thro#gh c#rve for diGerent mass How rate
5 gIs
0 gIs#5 gIs
#0 gIs
!5 gIs
$rea/thro#gh c#rve for diGerent char
rea/thro#gh c#rve for diGerent void fraction
vC0."8
vC0.
igure sho+s the %reathrough cu
"lo+ rate, di""erent &article dia$eter and
5 D*4+N/*&N & J+//+)
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!"0#80$!000!
5. D*4+N/*&N & J+//+)Since the &ressuri?ed heliu$ gas has to %e &assed through the adsor%er vessel, it ca
considering a &ressure vessel. According to the ASME Section , the $ini$u$ th
c(lindrical shell can %e given %(N
hereIdesign internal &ressure,
Iinside dia$eter o" shell,
Iallo+a%le stress,
I+eld e""icienc(.
3he $ini$u$ thicness "or
he$is&herical heads is given
here
I constantI
3he internal design &ressure is = %ar I.= MPa,
Considering the $aterial to %e SS1=2L, so, S a I-=.6MPa,
3aing +eld e""icienc( e+ I=.B5
I -.5= $$. or the sa"e side and $aret availa%ilit(
+e tae &i&e o" <'P/; +ith outer dia$eter 6.65
inch
nner dia$eter 6.=65 inch and,
"ic3ness of 8essel is 0.%=0 inc
e have, he$is&herical head thic
=.72 $$ O =.B= inch
Head tic3ness t 4 0.%=0 inc
7 Design of lter
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!"0#80$!000!
7. Design of lter
,es o!ening
Consider that # & is the &article dia$eter and + is the a&erture o"
P(thagoras theore$ +e have,
or the &resent +or, the charcoal dust that is carried +ith heliu$ has &article si?e rang
So %( using e0uation,
N
e have,
n -D +e have 52== $icrons, so
Mesh I 52==/5- I 2B5==.
Particle dia% vs% m
7 Design of lter
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!"0#80$!000!
7. Design of lter
ilter
)&erating Pressure -2 %ar
)&erating 3e$&erature B= K
#ensit( o" He B.-6 Kg/$1
Mass "lo+ rate, $ 1= g/s
ol.lo+ rate, Q =.==162 $1/s)&eration ti$e 1 Hr
-=B== Sec
Charcoal &article #ia,#& 1= $icrons
A&erture Si?e,idth, )&ening, + - $icrons
- $icrons
#ia$eter o" +ire, d 1= $icrons
Pitch o" the Mesh, P 5- $icrons
Mesh 2B
Mesh 55=
oid =.-6
RP Across ire Screen
iscosit( o" He
He "lo+ rate,Q
Length, L
#ia$eter o" Screen,#i
Pressure #ro&, RP
Across nlet Pi&e
#
Pre. #ro& $%ar
Across )utlet Pi&e
#
A
Pre. #ro& $%ar
Across Annular S&ace Area
#o
Aannular
annular
Pre.#ro&
Pre.#ro& $%ar
3otal P #ro&
7 Design of lter
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!"0#80$!000!
7. Design of lterLength &ptimi*ation of Cartridge
Cartridge 9iameter &ptimi*
,ire 9iameter &ptimi*aPipe 9iameter &ptimi*ation
7 mo1elling
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!"0#80$!000!
7. mo1elling
Adsor%er %ed
Design Data -rototype A1sorber Be1s
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,ass flow rate $0 gs
Im!urity -== PPM
Design Pr. -2 %ar"ime of *!eration 1 hr
,ass of He su!!lied> mHe 12 Kg
?olume of He 'u!!lied -B1.12 $1
?olume of Im!urity 'u!!lied =.-B1 $1
&ligi#ility for DR +q. #! 3heor(
,odel 'elected Axial dis&ersion
t# 65=- s
ts1B=- s
," Lengt4 =.-67 $
&dsor#er #ed Dia 6.=65 nch
"otal Lengt of #ed =.667 $
!"0#80$!000!
Design Data -rototype A1sorber Be1s
orF Lill be carrie1 out
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!"0#80$!000!
orF Lill be carrie1 out
• a%rication @ Purchasing o" nstru$ents "or adsor%er %ed te
• Ex&eri$ental &rocedure.
• Per"or$ the test, collect the data and anal(se it.
• !e&eat it "or di""erent t(&e o" charcoals.
• #ocu$entation.
eferences
8/16/2019 Adsorber Bed Bhavin Arya MSR
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/adsorber-bed-bhavin-arya-msr 33/34
-. #ouglas M. !uthven, Princi&les o" Adsor&tion and Adsor&tion ProcessesD, 8
@ Sons, -B2.
. !oo& Chand ansal @ Meenashi Go(al, Activated Car%on Adsor&tionD, C!
==5.
1. S. Lo+ell, 8oan E. Shields, Martin A. 3ho$as and Matthias 3ho$$es,
Characteri?ation o" Porous Solids and Po+ders: Sur"ace Area, Pore Si?e an
%( Klu+er Acade$ic Pu%lishers, ==2TTB
2. Quantachro$e nstru$ents, Ph(sisor&tion Methods and 3echni0ues, Se$ina
.&&tD5. !al&h. 3. Fang, Gas Se&aration %( Adsor&tion ProcessD, $&erial college Pu
6. Activated charcoal adsor&tion %( r %ansal and $inaxi.
!"0#80$!000!
eferences
8/16/2019 Adsorber Bed Bhavin Arya MSR
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/adsorber-bed-bhavin-arya-msr 34/34
han/ Fo#
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