Download - Hindu, Hinduthwam - Ashaya Samvadam / ഹിന്ദു-ഹിന്ദുത്വം: ആശയസംവാദം

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DAWA BOOKSP.B No: 1981, Vyttila, Cochin - 19

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Publisher l DistributionDawa Books l Vyttila l Kochi - 19 l Kerala l India

Web: www.dawabooks.org l Email: [email protected]: Primrose l Type Setting : Primshad l Printing : Screen Offset, Kochi

ISBN: 978-93-82581-28-4

DAWA BOOKSMalayalam l Debate l Hindu-Hinduthwam: Ashayasamvadam

All right reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or utilised in any form orby any means without the prior written permission of the publishers.

lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZwAuthors : M.M Akbar, P.V Shankaranarayanan, P.V.A Primrose

First Edition : January 2013Price: `````. 80

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sshZnIsapw BcykwkvIm-c-sapw hnfn-p ` mc-X-n-s "BZn-a-kw-kvIm-c's Cfn {]Xn-jvTn-m t]m-Xm-bn-cpp Ap Is-nb GXm\pw Cf-Inb CjvSn-I-p-I--. XpSv 1870 Bn-tbm-f-Pn- kth Hm^v C-y-bp-sS UbdIvS AevIvkm InwKvlmapw 1921 tPm am--jepw \Snb DXvJ\\ \ncoWfneqsS `mcXnsB-Zn-a\nhmknIsf Ipdnp ]pXnb \nKa\ cq]o-Icn--s- p. \mKcnIX {]m]n knp\ZoXS kwkvImcnsD-S-aI Bcymc {ZmhnUmcmbncppshpw Bcym[n-\n-th-iamWv ChnSs apgph A]Nbpw ImcWsapwhn-ebncpsp. knp\ZoXS kwkvImcnse \mKcnI ]p-tcmKXn am{Xa hnizmkIakmaqlnI cwKfnse \n-e-]m-SpI IqSn N sNstXmsS sslh auenI-hm-ZnIhn-ai\hpambn cwKv hp. sslh-hn-izmk-s-bpw A-h-cpsS BNmccoXnIsfbpw B-tcmKyIcambn N sNt--Xn\v ]Icw `mcXns ]qhNcn{Xw AXni-tbm-n-]-c-am-bn DZmhIcnpw amXr`qan kvt\lw CXcsc D-sm-m-\mhm Xcn sshImcnIambpw Imbn-I-am-bpw ]p\x-

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lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw 11m-]npw Nne ISphp. lnphn \nv ln-p-Xz-n-te-p {]bmWns BZy ImshpIfmbncpp AXv.

lnpXzw Cpw Hfnpw sXfnpw aXkmwkvImcnI cw-Kv kPohamWv. {]Xyamb {]h\tfmf[nIw "]-cImb{]thi'neqsSbmWv lnpXzns ]nWnbmfp-I- XfpsS API \Smmdv. tIcfnepw kw`hn-p-sIm-ncnpXv AXv XsbmWv. `mcXNcn{Xs X-fp-tS-Xmb hnWtImWneqsS ]p\cNnm {ian bqn-en-t-dnbmcpw tZiobhmZ cNbnXmfpsassw ^en sN-bv-XXv Ccw kpNnX NnmKXnv Bw IqpIbmWv.

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kwL- -\-fpw kv]-bp-an-m-sX, kvt\l-tm-sSbpw km-tlm-Z-cy-tm-sSbpw a\p-jy-scmw Pohn-p Hcp tem-I-sIp-dnv kz]v\w ImWm--h Bcm-Wp-Xv? Cu kz]v\-am-Wv,km-ln-Xys Poh-p--Xm-p--Xv; Iesb kmY-am-p-Xv;im-kv{Xs Ne-\m--I-am-p-Xv; Pohn-Xs {]Im-i-am-\-am-p--Xv. AsX; sFIy-tm-sSbpw kvt\l-tm-sSbpw Pohn-p-Xv a\p-jym-m-hns Zml-am-Wv. Ak-ln-jv-Wp-X-bpsSbpwAss\-Iy-n-sbpw \nan--sf Ah BXyn-I-ambnshdp-p-p. Iem-]-fpw IjvS-m-Sp-I-fp-an-m Hcp temIsA-h B{K-ln-p-p.

Cu kz]v\-n\v a\p-jys D]-n-tbmfw ]g--ap-v.A-ss\-Iy-n-sbpw Ak-ln-jvWp-X-bp-sSbpw \nan--s-Xnsc i-ambn i_vZn F{Xtbm alm-c-Y-m Ncn-{X-Im-e-n-\p apv Ignpt]mbn. Ahsc Ipdnv \ap-p AdnhvXp-temw ]cn-an-X-am-Wv. alm-\mb tamkkpw a-Zn-Xp thn

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am\-hnI sFIyhpw GI-ssZhhnizm-khpw 13i-_vZn I^yq-jkpw kvt\lw {]N-cn-n tbiphpw XymK-n-s ZqX-\mb {io_p\pw a\p-jyp thn t]mcm-Snbtkm-{I-okpw Ak-a-Xz-n-s\-Xnsc hmtfm-nb emthm-Xvsk-bp-samw Ch-cn Nne am{X-am-Wv. kaq-l-ns \p th-n i_vZn Ch-cn ]e-pw kaqlw km-\n-Xv ac-p-cn-ipw, apn-co-S-hpw, hnj-tm--bpw, XS-]mf-b--fp-am-bn-cp-p. sFIy-ns Atm-kvX-e-msc Ass\-Iy-ns ]Wn-bm-fp-I-fmbn Ah-X-cn-nv Xn-sm-pI-sb X{-amWv Fm-e-pw Ak-Xy-ns Imhm ]b-n-bn-p--Xv.

1516 {]kn-o-I-cn--s tXma-kv-aq-dns Dtm-nbbpsSD--Sw ka-Xz-kp--c-amb temI-sa a\pjy[nj-W-bpsStX-ns km^-ey-am-Wv. 1602- tXmakv Imws]-\--sb -en-b XzNn-I-s\-gp-Xnb Zn knn Hm v^ Zn k F ]p-kv-X-Ihpw CtX CXn-hr--apsm-p-p. kXyk-cpw kv-t\-l-k-qW-cp-amb X]vtdm-ms\ Zzo]p-\n-hm-kn-I! Ah--v Ie-lhpw kv]bpw ]cn-N-b-an-. sFIy-tm-sSbpw k-ln-jvWp-X-tbmsSbpw P\- Pohn-p Hcp kpc \K-cw;A-XmWv kqcy-\-K-cw. A-s\-sbmcp kqcy-\-Kcw bYmY-n- \ne-\np-n--tm-sbv Xs IrXn-bpsS Ah-km-\-nImw-s]-\- k-S-s-Sp-p-v. ap a\p-jy-cp-ambn sFIy-s-Sp--Xn\pw Hp-tN-cp--Xn-\p-amWv a\p-jym-mhv Bin-p--sXpw Bm-hns Blzm\w sNhn-sm-p-p-sh-n C--cw sFIyw t\Sm km[n-p-sa-pamWv Xs IrXn P\--v \-Ip kt-i-sa-mWv Imws]-\ ]d-bp--Xv.

a\pjymmhv, sFIyhpw klnjv-WpXbpw klhn-Xz-hp-amWv BXy-nIambn B{KlnpsXn ]n-s Fp-sIm-mWv kv]bpw kwL\fpw c-sNm-cn-n-ep-Ifp-ap-m-hpXv?

Cu \qmnse Ghpw ZmcpWamb Zpcambncpp AWp-t_mw_v kvt^m-S\w. 1945 BKkvv Bdn\v lntcmjna-bnepwHXn\v \mKkmnbnepw AWpt_mw_v hjnsp. Hcp\n-an-jw! shdpw Hcp \nanjw sImv Hcm-bncw kqcymcpsS i-nbp AXn-_rlmb Hcp AntKmfw BImi-nte-p-

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lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw14bp. cmkobamb Hcp taL]Sew Cu {]`sb ]n-p-S---p. Cu ]pIbn FcnaXv aqp ew a\p-jy-Po-h-\p-I-fmbncpp. e-Wn\v a\pjy AWp{]-k-c-W-tav \n-Xy-tcmKnIfmbnop. tdUntb-j Zpcns k--Xn-I- Cpan-hnsS acnmsX acnpsImv Pohn-pp.

\mknkw Hcp Zp`qXw t]mse temIcmjv{Sp apI-fn-te-v Xs {ZwjvS \onbtm AXp XSpt-Xv B-h-iyamsWp IcpXnb imkv-{XamcpsS krjvSnbmbn-cp-p AWpt_mw_v. AXnse icnbpw sXpw ]cntim-[n-p-n-; GXmbncpmepw {]kvXpX Zpcns {]Xn-q-n-\n-pXv Atacn am{Xa; {]Xyp-X \mknksa k-p-Nn-X ---- ---tZiobX IqSnbmWv.

Hmw temI alpbpn Zb\o-bamb ]cmPbw t\cnv\n-cmi-cmbn IgnbpIbmbncp P P\Xsb XnbpW--n, Ahcn Bthin-s hnpI ]mInb AtUm^vln-vedmbncpp cmw temI almbp-nse \mbI. k-p-NnX tZio-bXbpw hKobXbpw hwiobXbpw Atlw P--Imcn Ipnshp. temIn Ghpw Da bqtdm-]y-mcpw Ahcn t\mUnIv hwiPcpw Ahcn PImcpwA-hcn Bcy-mcpamsWmbncpp lnvedp-sS hmZw. "kqlyq-a _ovkv' Bb P BcymmWv temIw apgp-h- `cnm\p AhImisav At-lw knmnp. P----Imcnse Alwcmjv{S`mhsbpw hwiob-hKo-b-k-p-Nn-X Xztfbpw Do]nnm\tln\v km[np. 1933sesX-scsSpn h `qcn]-tmSp IqSn Nmk-e-dmbnsX-scs-Sps Atlw Hcp hjn\p tijw {]kn-U-p ]Zw IqSn GsSpp-Ibpw "t\Xmhv' FYw h-cp- "]yq-d-' F m\tcp kzoIcnv P-\nbpsS G-I-O-{Xm-[n-]-Xn-bmbn amdp-I-bpw sNbvXp.

P\nbpsS `cWm[nImcnbmbn amdnb DS Xs km-{am-PyXzhnIk\-n\p {ia Atlw XpSn. sImpsIm-p cmjv{Ssf IogSn-smv XpSnb Atlw A-h-km-\w t]mfv A{IantXmsSbmWv cmw temI almbpw

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am\-hnI sFIyhpw GI-ssZhhnizm-khpw 15XpSnbXv. \o Ap hjw \ne\n {]kvXpX bp-w,ln-vedpsSbpw ` mcybpsSbpw B-lXybn IeminpIbpwA-hkm\w Bwt_mw_v hnkvt^mS\tmSpIqSn Xncioeho-gpIbpw sNbvXp. cp tIm-Sntbmfw ]mfm Cu bp-n- acn-p. km[mcWmcpsS IWv CXn-epsa{Xtbm A-[nIamWv. 11,500 tImSn Atacn tUmf bpn\p thnsN-ehmbn. kpNnXtZiobX AYhm tjmh\nkw krjvSna-lmhn]v! Alwcmjv{S`mhw P\nsb Fn ]X\w!!F-npw \mw ]Tnpn.

P\np hf cmPys kvt\ln-tXv Hmtcm a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw ISa-bmWv. cmjv{Skvt\lanmhv B cm-Py-vPo-hnphm\hImian. FmWv cmjv{Skvt\lw? \m-p-ImsN-p sXpIsf apgph \ymboIcn-ptXm t\XmsfBcm[np-tXm BtWm? Ab cmjv{Ss A-Sn-a-p--tXm A\y\mpImsc shdp-ptXm BtWm? AX, kzcm-Py-ns ]ptcmKXnp thn {]hn-p--tXm? \psScm-jv{S]nXmhmb KmnPn Xs ]dbs. 1925 am-v 12mw Xn--Xnbnse bwKv Cybn Atlw FgpXn. ""F-s tZiobXF-s "kztZ-in'sb tmse Xs hnim-e-am-Wv. temIn\p ap-gph t\apmn-smp CybpsS ]ptcmKXnbm-WvRm- ImwjnpXv. ap cmjv{S-fpsS \mi-n- \npC-ybpsS Db Rm B{Klnpn.''

Fm, tZiobXbpsS t]cn Cybnenv hfp-sIm-n-cnpXv kpNnXhpw {]Xntema]chpw bptm-kp-I-hp-amb tjmh\nkamWv. ^mkn-knsbpw \mknkn-s-bpw Nph-SpIsmnv Alwcmjv{S`mhhpw hwiobXbpw A-\y-hKhntcm[hpw {]Ncnnp sImp tjmh\nv \owcmjv{Sns \min am{X-ta IeminpIbp-q-sh--Xm-Wv Ncn-{Xw \Ip ]mTw. Xo{htZiobXbm-bncpp \m-kn-k-nsbpw ^mknk-nsbpw NmeIin. A-h-bv-p- m-b]-X\n\p ImcWhpw Cu Xo{h-tZiobX X-s-bm-bncpp.

-^m-kn-k-n\pw \mknkn\pw kw`hn ]X-\w Xs C-y- tjmh\nk-n\p-mhpw; Xo.

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lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw16\mknI D]tbmKn ktX-p kam\amb k-t-

X- Xsbm-Wv Cy tjmh\nkhpap]tbmKnp--sX- hkvXpXbmWv Gsd IuXpI-IcambnpXv. P tZ-io-bX hf-m P\nbpsS `qXImew kp-chpw k-arhpwkpJkqWhpambn-cppshv hcpnop-I-bm-Wv \m-kn-I sNbvXXv. 1938 cq]oIcn-s "lnve bqv A-tkm-kntbj' F kwLS\bpsS {][m\ eyw Ipn-I-fn- Alwcmjv{S`mhw Ipnsh-pIsbXmbncpp. `m-c-X-ns ` qXImew kpchpw kpJkqWhp-am-bn-cp-p-sh-v hcpnophm-\mbn krjvSnsXmWv "Bj`m-c-X-w' F k]w. Cu k]n-s hn{Klh-c-W-n-\p ]nn \tS ]d \mknNnbpsS XpS am{Xam-Wp-Xv. {]IrXn]qPbpw, aZym-cm[\bpw, enwK{]XnjvTbpw\n-e\nn-cp `mcXw; Aizta[bmKsa N-IpXn-c-bp-am-bp- ssewKnI _hpw, \cta[bmKsa ]a\pjys _-en-bpw \ne\nncp `mcXw; ktlmZcn ktlmZcam X--n-e-pw, ]nXmhpw aIfpw Xnepw ssewKnI _ \ne-\n-n-cp ` mcXw; kaqlcXnbpw \\rfpw \n-e-\n-ncp`mc-Xw; kv{Xo amdpadpsImv hgnbn-endn \S-pIqSm Fv\nbaapm-bncp `mcXw; "\xkv{Xo kzX-{-al-Xn'-sbv{]-Jym]n `mcXw; ]qW-K`Wnbmb `mcysb \ t]cn\pth--n Imnept]npXv [amsW-v ]-Tn-nncp `m-c-Xw; _lp`Xr-zsa tOkwkvImcw \ne\nn-cp ` mc-X-w; Nmf\pw iq{Z\pw ]nsbbpw ]n-sb-bpw t]mse-bm-sW-v {]Jym]n `mcXw; sXmpIqSmbva-bpw Xon-qSm-bv-a-bp-w \ne\nncp `mcXw; thiyIsf shv hcpam\apm-n-b cmPmmcpmbncp `mcXw; NXnbpw h\bpw sN-bv-Xp-w Ahn-izmk hfnbpw JP\mhv k-am-n-bn-cp `cWm[nImcnIfpsS `mcXw; CXmWv "B--j`mcXw.' C-Xn-s\bmWv almb kmwkvImcnI ss]Xr-I-am-bn hnti-jn-n-sSpsX- hkvXpX Fpam{Xw k-l-Xm-]m-la!

`mcXob `qXImes XakvIcnp ImWnpIsb e--yw \apn. Cybmbmepw Ctymt\jybm-bm-epw A-ta-

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am\-hnI sFIyhpw GI-ssZhhnizm-khpw 17cnbmbmepw Atd_ybmbm-epw, Hcp cmjv{Shpw `q-X-Im-ew]q-Wam-bn \Xmbnnmbncppshv kqNnn-pI am-{X-am-Wv Dtiyw. aplZv \_n P\n Atd_ybn Xs-bm-Wv A_qPlepw P\nXv. IzpB Ah-Xcnn abn X-s-bmWv "apA-' XqnnSncpXv. ` qXImen-s hn-{K-lhcWw Hcp cmPyn-\pw A\ptbmPyamhpIbn. `m-c-Xob `qXImen\pw \Xpw Nobp-ap--mbncpp. tKm-f-i-mkv{X]T\ \Sncp Cybn, cmlpsh k-whn-gppXn\memWv N{\pw kq-cy\pw {KlWw kw -`hn-p--sX hnizmkhpw \ne\nncpp. Bbpth-Zw D-pw-K-X-bn-senbncp Imep XsbmWv bfneqsS ]p-{X-m-sc krjvSnp hnZybpw ChnsS ]p-tcmKanXv. Cu c--p hifpw ImWm-XncnpXv tZiobXb; tjmh\n-k-am-Wvtjmh\nkamIs cmjv{Sn\v lm\nIchpamWv.

cmwtemI almbpImev P- P\XbpsS hocywh-[nnp-Xn\pw Ahsc Bthi`cnXcmpXn-\pw th-n \mknI D]tbmKnncp Bbp[fn Hmbncpps\m-kv{Sm-Uakns {]hN\. ]Xn\mdmw \qmn {^m--kn Pohn, tPm-ky-\mb anJmtb s\mkv{SmUakv X-s am ]okmb skNzdokn, lnedpsS hnPbhpw P-\n-bpsS ]ptcmKXnbpw {]hNnnpsmbn-cpp {]NmcWw.Fs\bpw hymJym-\nmhp s\mkv{SmUakns {]hN-\-fn NnesXSpv lnvedpsS tPmky\mbncp ImG-Wv {Im-^v lnve-\p-Iq-e-ambn hymJym-\n-p-I-bmWvsN-bvX-Xv. ]t, s\mkv{Sm-Uakns {]hN\tfbpw {Im-^v-n-s hniZoIcWtfbpw sXnpsIm-v cmw temI a-lm-bpn P-\n \new]cnimbn; lnve BlXy sN-bvXp; {Im v^mIs lnvedpsS X-s clkytmeokmb "K--tm'Ifm- ]nSnsp.

Cy tjmh\npIfpsSbpw {][m\s Bbp[fnsem-m-Wv s\mkv{SmUakns {]hN\. tem-Iw apgph lnp- `cnpsav s\m-kv{SmUakv {]hNnnpsmWv {]-Nm-cWw. CXn\p thn hnhn[ Cy `mjIfn Ch ]p-kvX-

18

lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw18sa-gpXnbnpv. t`mPvcmPvZznthZnbpsS s\mkv{SmUmw Io ` hnjyhm-Wnbmw, AtimIv Ipam ibpsS s\mkv{SmUmw Io k-q-W `hnjy hmWnbmw kamsskZn-bpsS hniz-hn-JymX`hnjythXm \mkvs{XZakvIn `hnjy hmWnbmw Xp-Snbln-n ]pkvXIfpw kn.Pn lncWy FgpXnb lnp sU-kv-n-\n C s\mkv{SmsUakv F Cwojv ]pkvXIhpw ]n.-F-kv.-Fkns s\mkv-{SmUakns {]hN\ F ae-bmfw]p-kvXIhpw Cu eyn\p thn FgpXshbmWv. km-[m-cW lnpnSbn, lnpaXw temI-s ASn `cn--psa anYym[mcW hfn, AXn\p thnbp A[zm-\w hrYmhnemhpIbns hnizmkap-mpIbpw As\ap-kvenwIs-Xnscbp kacn Ahsc _en-bmSm-p-I-bpw sNpIsb eya-msX asmpw Cu ]pkvX-I---p ]nnen. apkvenwIsf ImSmcpw Ah-cn \nv temI-s cnp lnp-sf kmwkvImcnI kcpambnm-Wv Cu ]pkvXIfn Nneh {]Xn-]mZnpXv. apkvenw-I--sXnscbp- kacw Ncn{Xns A\nhmcyX-bmsWvh-cpnopIbmWv Cu cN\IfpsS AXynIeyw.s-\mkv-{SmUakns {]hN\sf X\n\p-Iqeambn D-]-tbm-Kn- lnvedpsS ]X-\amWv khW \mknIpapmhp-IsbpdmWv.

Hcp FXncmfnbnmsX tjmh\nk-n\v hfcphm\mhn.ln-ve FXncm-fnIfmnbXv PqXmscbmWv. P\n-bnhy-hkmbhpw hmWnPyhpw \S-n kam[m\tmsS Pohnph-cnI-bmbncp blqZmsc cmPyt{Zmln-I-fpw NqjImcp-am-bn \mknI ap{ZIp-n. AhsXnsc P Bcym-cp--sS hnImcw Bfnnp. PqXkap-Zmbn P\np-sh--Xp-sImp am-{Xw B_v sFbn, knv t{^mbvUvX-pSnb hniz{]kn imkv-{Xm ]oUnnsp. Ah- P\nbn \npw ]emb\w sNbvXp. blqZimkv{Xshn-]mS\w sNbvXv Bcyimkv{Xs {]XnjvTnpI F e-y-tmSpIqSn lnvedpsS kl{]-hI\mbncp sldnvlnw-f "Bcytkm^nkw' F Hcp knmw Xs ]Sp. b-

19

am\-hnI sFIyhpw GI-ssZhhnizm-khpw 19lqZmsc tImk -t{Sj IympIfn ]dbv AXn-ITn\amb tPmenIsfSpnp. tPmensb-Spm IgnbmXncphrmscbpw IpnIsfbpw Poht\msS Inp shodmn.\mkn tImkt{S-j IympIfn \nv csSphm-\mbn Hcp Iqw blqZm \Snb AXnkmlknIamb IY]dbp Zn FkvtIv {^w tkm_n_tdmsb tUmIyp-sa--dn GsXmcp inetbbpw Icbnnm t]mXmWv. Cu{Iq-c-XIfpsSsbmw ImcWsamsW- tNmZyn\v lnv-e-dp-sS hnZqjI\mbn-cp Ko_kv \Inb adp]Sn hn-lwdo-lv Xs Zn amkv ssktmfPn Hm^v ^mknkw F ]p-kv-X-In Dcnppv. AXns\bmWv ""Bscnepw \n--fpsS AbpsS apJ-v NmhmdpsImSnm \n-f-bm--v \n ]dbptam? C{]Imcw sNp-h a\pjy\; ar-K-am-Wv. \psS amXrcmPyamb P\nbpsS apJv FsmwhrntISpIfmWv Cu blqZm ImnqnbXv. Ah \p-sS hwis IfsSpn. \psS in tNmnfp.\-psS ]ca-kXysf \innp. Hcp blqZs\-m Xo--bm-bpw PoWXbpsS {]Xn-cq]amWv.''(1)

tjmh\nkns Cybnse FXncmfnbmb Ckveman\pwapkvenwI-psaXnsc Dbn Btcm]W-fpw Ko_kvb-lqZmsXnsc Dbn Btcm]Wfpw kam\fm-Wv. Cy tZiobXbn Aenp tNcmhcmWv apkvenw-I-sfpw `mc-Xs amXmhmbn AwKoIcnmnS-tmfwIm-ew A{Iaw XpScpsapam-Wv hniZoIcWw. ` mcXamXmhnsI-nse IcSpI \ow sNpIbmWv lnp bphXbpsS I--hysamW-tm CubSpv tIkcn FgpXnbXv. tjm-h-\n-kw ChnsS shv hKobXbn-tev hgnamdpp.

Cybn hKobXbpw PmXobX-bpw Cc km\--fm-Wv. \mtSmSnIfm-b Bcym k]vXknphntev IpSn-tb-dnbXp apXmWv PmXobXbpsS Ncn{Xamcw`npXv. E-tKz-ZImep Xs PmXobXbpsS ssiihcq]amcw-`npIgnncpp. thZfn {][m\-s EtKzZnse ]mw

1. hn-lw dolv: Zn amkv ssktmfPn Hm^v ^mknkw ]pdw 47

20

lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw20aew, sXmqdmw kqw, ]{mas Em-Wv Nm-Xp--hWyhyhv ASnd ]mInbXv. knp\ZoXS-kwkvIm-cs \innpsImv k]vX-knphntev IpSntbdnb{]mIrXcpw A]cnjvIrXcpambncp Bcym ]ehn[ {Iq-c-X-I sNbvXpsImmWv BZnhmknIfmbncp {Zmhn-U-m-cp-sS ta B[n]Xyw m]nXv. ChnSp-s BZnhmknIsfam-\knIhpw imcocnIhpambn ASnaIfmm th-n ]S--Xm-Wv bYmYn NmXph-Wyhyh. AXn-\mbn ssZ-h-k-hpw ]ctemIhnizmkhpw t]mepw Xn-cpm Bcy-m- aSnImWnn. {_mhns Xebn \nv krjvSn-h-\m-Wv {_mWs\pw ImepIfn \nv ]Ss--h\mWviq-{Zs\pw hcpnov {_mWta[mhn-hpw iq{Z-]o-U\hpw Ddp hcppXn-\mbnmWv \ncmImc-\m-b ]c-a-]p-cpj\v ssIImepI k]nXv. {_m-W-cpw ap kh--W-cpa\p`hnp kpJ-kuIcy AhcpsS ap--kpIrX-ns ^ eamsWpw iq{Z\pw Nmf\pw ap--n ]m-]-w sNbvXh-cmbXn\m Ahc\p`hnp IjvS-mSpI \o-Xn-IcWaln-ppsh-pw AStmSpIqSn k-hWtk-h-\w sNpIsb kz[am\pjvTm\-neqsS am-{Xta A-h--W-v tamw e`npIbpqshpw hcp-n-o--pXn\pth-nbmWv ]p\Pkn-mw ]SsXv. ssZhhn-izm-k-n--epw ]ctemI t_m[nepw Ifap-m-n-sm-mWv C-y-bnse Ghpw henb kpNnXXzamb Pm-Xn-hyh \n-e-\n-sXYw.

khWm[n]Xyne[njvTnXamb kmaqlyhyhnXnbm-b NmXph-WyhyhbpsS kwm]\n\p thnbmWv`K-hZvKoXbpw {ioic\p-samw hmZnpXv. NmXp-h--Wy-hy-h- \ne\nncp Imes tIcfn-s Nn{Xw Ipamc-\m-ims Zpch, Nme`npIn XpSnb Imhy-fnIm-Wm Ignbpw. sXmpIqSmbv-abpw XonqSmbvabpw aX-\n-baambn-cpp. Xmgv PmXnmc\v ]Tnmt\m DtZym-K-\n-b-a\w e`nphmt\m AhImiapmbncpn. AhW-kv-{X-o-I- amdp adm ]mSnmbncp-p. Ah XfpsS hmXn-ep-I-

21

am\-hnI sFIyhpw GI-ssZhhnizm-khpw 21khWp thn GXp \nanjhpw Xpdp-sImSp--W-am-bn-cp-p. Ahfpambn {_m-W _spmb Ip-p-fp-sS ]qW DchmZnzw Ahmbn-cpp. CXmWn-hnsS \n-e-\nncp "kw_'ns \nbaw. {_mW\v iq-{Z-kv-{Xo-bp-ambn ssewKnI_n-tesSmw. ]s A-h-- \Ipsh-w IpSnm ]mSn. Fsmcp hnNn-{X \nbaw!

khWm[n]Xyn\pw AhW-]oU\n\psaXnsc i-_v-Zn-hsc-sbmw sRnbpw apnbpw sIm Ncn{XamWv]u-tcmlnXyntXv. _paXn\pw ssP\aXn\pw kw -`hn-XnXmWv. ]utcmlnXyns\Xn-cmbn iambn i_vZn_ps BZifntev P\ BIrjvS-cmbn. Atim-I-s ` cWImev _p-aXw ` mcXw apgph hym]np. tIcf-n-epw _paXn\v iamb kzm-[o-\apmbncpp. sIm-Sp-q, Kpcp-hmbq, i_cnae, ImcntmSv, XpSn-b {]knt-{Xsfmw _paX-mcptSXmbncpp. Ch ]nSn-s-Sp-m--\mbn BbncWn\v _p`np-sf {_mW N-Xn-{]-tbmKneqsS sImsmSpn. Cu t{Xfn Cp \n-e-\np ]qcmv, ImhpXo- XpSnbh _pmcn\n-v {_mWm Cu t{X ]nSnS-nbXns kva-cW \ne\np BNmcfmWv. _p`npfpsS incvtOZnv Xmen shv ]ptcm-lnXmsc kzoIcnm\bn-Xn--s {]XoImIamb ]npSbmWs{X Xmesmen. _p--aXns\ \innp-hm\m-bn hmIvssh`hap _p--`n-p---fn ]e-cp-tSbpw \mhv apdnsp. ]escbpw \mSpI-S-n._pkvXq]- \innp. ` npsfbpw ` np-WnIsfbpwIq-sme sNbvXp. Fnpw _paXw \inn. A-hkm-\w"ka-\zb'sa X{neqsS _p-aXs {_m-WaXnebnnp-IbmWv Ah sNbvXXv. As\ _p--aXnsPm-Xnhncp`mhsf \innm {_mWv km[np.

hKobXbpsS Ncn{Xw shmcp-sS BKa\tmSpIqSn-b-; {]XypX BcymcpsS BKa\tmSpIqSnbmWv Bcw-`n-pXv. khWm[n]Xyn-s\Xnsc i_vZn Zi\sf-sb--mw B{IaWfneqsS \inn Ncn{Xam-Wv Bcya-X-n-\pXv.

22

lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw22tjmh\nkns Ckvemw hntcm-[ thcpI nXn sN-

p--Xv Chn-sSbmWv. CkvemanI{]t_m[Im anj\dnam-cm-bnsm; {]XypX IhSmcmbnsmmWv Cybn-te-v hXv. Atd_ybn \npw h AhcpsS PohnX-ss\-aeyw Iv khWcpw AhWcpw AhcpsS aX-n-te-vB-IrjvScmhpIbmWpm-bXv. CkvemanIilmZv Ahsck-pNnXXzfn \nsmw kzX-{amn. sXmp-IqSm-bv-a-bp-sSbpw XonqSmbvabpsSbpw Abnn-sbpw PmXo-b-XbpsSbpw Nesp-I s]mnsdnp. Ah--W-cm-bnP-\nhcpw khWcmbn P\nhcpw apkvenwIfmbn amdn-b-tm- kmtlmZ-cyns kzmZv A\p`hndnp. Ckv-emw hf--p. Cu hf, khWm[n]-Xyns InIpSn ap-n-p-sav Ah Adntmtgpw kabw ssh-Inbncpp. ApapXv Ckveman-s\ \innphm\p {iahpw Xp-S-n. Cu{i-afpsS Ahkm\s aq-cq]amWv "cmjv{Sob kzbwtk-hIv kwL'sa ^mknv kwLS\. Cy-bnse hKobI-em]fn anhbp-sS ]nnepw Cu kw-L-S-\-bp-sS Ic-fm-WXv. Iem]fpsS eyamhs, apkvenw D-qe\hpwk-hWm[n]-Xy-ns kwm]\hpamWv. Cmcyw kwL-S-\bpsS m]It\Xmfnsem-cmfmb tKm-hmdpsS ]-Z-fn \nv kpXmcyw hyamhpp. At-lw ]dp "CukwLamcw`npXv apkvenw AXn{Iasf {]Xntcm[np--Xn\p am{Xa, {]XypX {]kvXpX tcmKs ]qWambpw C-m-Xmphm- ---thnbmWv.'

lnphKobXsb {]Xntcm[nm CkvemanI Xo{hhm-Z-sa- ssien CkvemanI[ym]\p hncpam-Wv. hKobkwLS\Iv lnpfn-se ipjv\yq\]sf am{Xtakzm[o\nm Ignnpq. apkvenw-Ifnse Xo{hhmZ {]-h--\ ` qcn]s apkvenwIsXncmp-hm am{XtaD]Icnq. "hKobX-bpsS t]cn s]mcpXph\pw hKob-X-p thn acnph\pw \n s]h\'sbmWv apl--Zv \_n ]TnnXv. kapZmbsa tIhek-]w XsC-kveman\\yamWv. Ckv-eman "D'mWpXv. hnizm-kn-

23

am\-hnI sFIyhpw GI-ssZhhnizm-khpw 23Ifp-sS IqmbvabmWXv. hnizmknIp P\n Ahnizm-kn-bm-b aI Cu Iqmbvabnse AwKa. ]s, Xan XeI-fp- amXmfpsS afmbn ]nd-p t]mbnsb Hscm Imc-W-m XesImsSp Ahbpmhp-tm aZnX-cp-sS sFIyapWnbp-mhpI kzm`mhnIamWv. BlXym-]camb {]Xn{Inbtbm hnthI]qWhpw _pn]chpamb{]Xntcm[amWv Ccw sFIythZnIfn \npmth-Xv.AX, A\ykapZmbtmSp Aamb shdppw hntZz-j-hpamWv Ccw sFIythZnI {]Zm\w sNp-sXn Xo--bmbpw AXp kapZm-bn\pw cmjv{Sn\pw lm\nIcamtb`hnq.

Cybnse `mjm{]iv\p ]nnepw Bcyh-c-W-ns {Zwjv-SfmWpXv. ip {ZmhnU `mjbm-b Xan-gn-s\ Bcy`mjbmb kwkvIrX-n ebnnphm \Sn-b ImbnI ]cn{ia ]cmPbsnSv, ka-\zbsa Bcy-X-{w {]tbmKnm\p- X{XmSpIfmWnv \SpsImn-cn-pXv. Cyp almb kmln-XykrjvSnIsfbpw km-lnXyImcm-scbpw kw`mh\ sNbvX DdpZp `mj-tbmSp hn-tcm[-ns thcpIfpw nXnsNpXv khWhcW-n XsbmWv. kwkvIrXns en]nbmb tZh\mKcn-bn-- FgpXs-ncnp lnntbm A\p_`mjI-tfm ]-Tn-m AhWv AhImian-mbncp ImemWv ap-kvenwcmPm-m Ad_n en]nbpw As kwkmc`mjbm-bn-cp-- lnpm\n-bpw Iqntv DdpZp F ]pXnb `mj \n-npIbpw AXp ]Tnm kh-Wsc t{]mkm-ln-n-p-I-bpw sNbvXXv. DdpZphneqsS hnm\n-s shfnw Im-Wm- Ign Ah-W temIsbpw kwkvImctf-bpwIp-dnp ]Tnp. Ahcn ]ecpw ]u-tcmlnXyn\pw A-Sn-a-n-\psa-Xnsc t]mcmSn. hWm{iahyh-bp-sS hy--am-b\n-tZisXn-cmbncpp CXv. "iq{Z\v m\w sIm-Sp--c-pXv' F icI]\bpsS {]tbm-Kw Akm[yamnbXvD-dpZphmWv. CXmWv DdpZp hntcm[ns Hm-as ImcWw.ap-kvenwIsf kmwkv-ImcnIambn inYneoIcnpIsbXv c-m-as eyamWv.

24

lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw24Cybnenv \ne\np kpNnX tZiobX, hKobX,

PmXo-bX, `mjm{`mv XpSnbh ]utcm-lnXynsbpwm]\aXn-s-bpw krjvSnbmsWpw ChbpsS A-Sn-m-\w ssZhhnizmknepw ]ctemIt_m[nep-ap-m-nb I-f-fmsWpw \mw Ip. kpNn-XXz \n-e-\npXvCybn am{Xa; temIn Hcp-hn-[-sam {]tZ-ifnepwHcp hn[nesn asmcp hn[n k-p-NnXXz\n-e\npp. Cdm-n \njvI-f--cmb ss]X- D]-tcm-[w- sImp-mb ]n-Wn-bm ]nSpacn-p-sIm-n-cp--tm- P\m-[n-]Xy kwm-]-\-s-p-dnv hmNm-e-cm-b-h; t_mkv-\n-bbn apkvenw tNmcsImv \ZnI-fpw arX-tZ-l-sImvIp-pIfpw Xoh; tkmamen-b-bn ]nWn-sImv ]mI-sf-tmse a\pjy acn-p hoW-tmfpw km{amPyXzns tk-h--\-s-p-dnv almb N-I kwLSnnh; temI-cm-jv-{Sfp-sS apgph t]m-eokmbn Nabp ]mmXy km{am-Py-Xzw; Ad_v tZiobXbpsS kwcI\mbn Nav Ipssh-s- sImpcmjv{Ss hngp-m- {ianv ]cmPbsh;Idph-v kzw ]nIfpsS m\w t]mepw \Im X-m-dnm shm; ]e-kvXo-\nIfpsS `qan ISn blq-Z-cmjv{Sw ]Wnbphv ]npW ]mSph; Cs\ t]m-Ip-p Am-cmjv{ScwKfnse kp-Nn-X-Xz...

D\oNXz kzw hoSn\Ip \npXs XpSpp.s]nt\mSp AhKW\ DZmlcWw. Ahsf P\n-phmt]m--epw kXnmnStm-fw \psS a\pI ac-hn-p-t]m-bncn-pp. "Bw\ntbmskknkpw' "kvIm-\nwKpw' \-S-nK`iniphns enwK\nWbw \Sn s]mWv ]ndmt]m-IpsXn sImpIf-bm\p hnZybnv kp-e-`amWv.kv-{Xo-[\ns t]cn s]p Poh-t\msS Zln-n--s-Spp. kXnk{Zm-bw hopw Dbsgpt--p-p. tZh-Zm-kn k{Zmbhpw Hcp cp]ne-sn asmcp cq]nC-ybnen-pw \ne\npp. s]p ]nIfn- t]mIm]m-Sns ]mXnc hAfp-I Cpw s]mSn-s]m-Sn--pp. I\y-Im-Xzs hn{K-l-h-cnv kv{XoXz-n-s ]q-W-amb {]Im-

25

am\-hnI sFIyhpw GI-ssZhhnizm-khpw 25i-\-n \nv ]mhw s]p-sf AIn \n-n k`-bpsS-m]-\--fpsS \S-n-n\v B-w Iqp-hm A-hsc NqjWwsN-p--Xns\ \mw tkh-\-sav Hma-\-t-cn-n-cn-p-p. adp-]p-d-v, s]ns ku-cyw hnv Imimp \oNhrnv k-aq-lhpw cmjv{Shpw ]npW]mSpp. Ahsf ]oUnnpp.A-lamb AhImi Ahv hIshp-sImSpm k-aq-lhpw cmjv{Shpw m-]\aXhpsampw X-m-d.

kaqlns ASnm\ t{iWn-bpambn _s asmcp{]iv\amWv kmnI D\oNXz. Almcn-bm-b ]-W-m- ASp honse ]n-Wn-sb Ipdnv Xosc t_m[hm\m-Ip-n-. ]Ww sImv ]Ww sImpIsb Xz-imkv{X-n-s {]tbmKn-em-Wv Ahs apgph {i. ]mhs-h-s\ NXcpw CSnpIenbpw Ac-p-IpSnpt]mepw ]W-ap-m-pXn Ah sXsmpw ImWpn. k--s s]m--hpw Dbbpw ]mh-s-hcn Akqbbpw sshcm-Kyhpwhf-pp. X\nv Ahkcw e`nptm- [\nIt\mSv ]I-cw-hoWsa Nn Ahs\ A\mpp. [\nIZcn{Z kw-L-\fntev \bnpXv Cu BXynIXIfmWv. C--cw km-nI{]iv\- Xs-bm-Wtm Cv km-nItem-I-s {]Xn-k-n-bn-tev \bn-n-cn-p-Xv.

C\n \mw NnnpI. IpSpw_{]iv-\ apX Amcm-jv-{S Iel hscbphbpsS ImcWw Alw`mh-fm-sW-v \mw a\nemn. Fs cmjv{Sw, Fs {]tZiw, Fsk-apZm-bw, Fs PmXn, Fs hKw, Fs hWw, Fs Ip-Spw-_w, Rm ap-htcm Da\msWpw AXn\v am-{X-amWv bYmYn \ne\nphm- AhImiapXv Fp-ap- Nn-bm-Wv Alw`mhw. Cu Nn CmXm-p-XneqsSam-{Xta kwL\fn \n-pw kv]bn \npw temIwap--amhpIbpw a\pjy sFIy-sSpIbpw sNq. Cu NnC-msXbmphm Bm-Wv IgnbpI. `uXnI {]Xy-b-im-kv-{Xp Ignbp-tam? Cu \qm-ns XzNnsbvkm-{Xv hnti-jnn amIvknkw DZm-lcWambn FSppI.`q-anv apIfnep- Hcp hn[-sam {]iv\sf Ipdnpw N-

26

lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw26sNp- amIvknkw Hcp kq-W-{]Xyb-imkv{XamWv. F-n-pw Cu Xz-im-kv{Xw ]cmPbsp. Iyq-Wnk-n-s]-dpZokbn P\ IyqWn-ks IpgnpaqSn. Zmi\nI-Nc-n{X-n-s hnimeamb NhpsIm--bn A\-ib-\-n-em-Wnv, amIv-knkw.

amIvknkns ]X\n\v Hn-e[nIw ImcWfpv.AXv ]Zm-Y-s am{XamWv IXv; a\pjys\ I-n. ]Zm-Yns kenXcq]-fn A]w koWamb Hp am{X-amWv amIvknv hoWn a\p-jy. a\pjy\nse k-p-Nn-XXz CmsXbmWsan Rm F t_m[w X-s CmsXbmWsam-Wv AXv knmnXv. Alw-t_m-[ap-m-pXv kzImcy kmWv. AXn\m kzImcy-kzv\inns-SpIbpw kaqln s]mXpkzv F- k]whfphcnIbpw thWw. Rm F t_m[hpw FtXv FNn-bpw kaqlsa aqk]-n ebnp tNcWw.C-u Xzw a\p-jys\ \nep Ahs khn-ti-jambA-kvXnXzs \ntj[npp. Hcp Xzimkv{Xn\pw A-lw-t_m-[w \innm\mhn. AXpsIp X-s am\h-tNmZ-\-s-Xncmbncpp am-Ivknkw; AXmWXns ]X\n\p- Hmas ImcWw.

A`uXnIamb Hnsbpw AkvXn-Xzw AwKoIcnmXncp- amIvknkw, Hcp Xcnep Alw`mhw krjvSn-pIbm-Wv sNbvXXv. a\pjys\bmWv {]]nse DXinbmbn{]Xn-jvTnXv. a\pjy\v apIfn Bcpan. amIvknsbpw Gw-K-knsbpw Kpcp-hmb epUvhnwKv t^mb_mv Xs F-s-kv Hm^v {Inkvym\nn F ]pkvXIn "a\pjy-\m-Wv{]-]-nse ssZhw' Fp kaYnpp-v. Cu Nn- A-lw-` mhw hfn. men\pI krjvSnssXs\-bmWv,A-h {IqcmcmbXv kzm`mhn-Iw am{Xw. Cu {IqcXI t]mepwa-\p-jysc sFIysSppXn\m-sWv hymJym\n--s- -Xm-Wv --hnNn{Xam-bn-pXv.

amIvknkns ]X\tmS\p-_nv, Cybnse Np-h-cpIfn {]Xys "amIvknkn \npw am\-h-Z--i-

27

am\-hnI sFIyhpw GI-ssZhhnizm-khpw 27\-ntev' F ap{Zmhm-Iyn h Igpaptm? ]-c-am-m--hns AwiamWv Pohmmsh AssZzXZi\w B-cn--Iamb ]mckv-]cyntepw XZzmc am\h sFIy-n-te-p-am-Wv \bnpsXpw AXn\m am\hcminsb \bn-mA-ssZzX NnmKXnpam{Xta km[n-pIbpq-sh-p-am-WvCu ap{ZmhmIyw AampsXpamWv hymJym\n--s--Xv. AssZzXmNmcy\mb {io ics IrXnIfneqsS ISp-t]m-bm- Cu AhImi hmZfnsempw bm-sXmcp Igp-an-s-v a\nemIpw. hWm{iahyhbpsS kwm-]\-n\viambn {ian {io ic iq{Z]oU\sf t{]mkmln-n--bm-fmWv. Xs {_kq{X `mjyn "iq{Z thZw D-cn-m \mhv Adpp thsSpWw. thZw tIm ImXn-Cubw Dcpn HgnWw. thZa{- Dcnm sIm--W-w.iq-{Z\v m-\w sImSpcpXv.' Fpw a-pw Akn-KvZambnI-]n {ioicmNmcycpsS A-ssZz-X-Zi\amWv "am\-hZ--i-\'am-bn AhXcnnsSpXv. tjmh\n-kns am\hn-I-k]n kh-W am{Xta Dsmppqshvkmcw.

\mw Ncn{Xw ]cntim[npI. kp-NnXXzfn \npwap--ambn kln-jvWpXtbmsS P\w Ignncp GsX-n-ep-sam-cp kapZmbw Ncn{Xn-epmbnptm? Fn B kap-Zm-b-ns ASnm\Zi\sambn-cp-p? P\ X-nXnbncp ]ucmWnIImev a\pjysc Hnn-phm G-I-ssZhhnizmkn\p km[nncppshmWv {]K` N-cn-{X Zmi\nI\mb tKmU ssNUv ]dbpXv. GI--ssZ-h-n- a\pjysc-mw hnizknp Hch kwPmXam-b-tm-- kzm`mhnIambpw BcnI]m-ckv]cyhpw sFIyhpw km-tl-mZcyhp-apmbnsbmWv Atlw Xs hmv lmUvC---- lndn F ]pkvXI-n kaYnpXv. ImSw hn-pam-dnbncpnm {]mIrX a\pjys\ Hnnm\pw k-tlm-Zcmcmm\pw GIssZhhnizmkn\p km[np-sh-n, Im-Sntev Xncnpt]mbn-smncnp B[p\nI a-\p-jys\-bpw sFIysSpm\pw klnjvWpX ]Tnnm\pw G-

28

lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw28IssZh hnizmkn-\p am{Xta Ignbq.

GIssZhhnizmkap]tbmKnpsIm-mWv {]hmNIm a-\p-jysc Hnn-Xv. temI{kjvSmhpw Hcp inbpap-stI-he hnizmka. {]XypX B inIp am{Xta B-cm-[-\Ifn-ppsh {]Jym]\w IqSnbmWv GIssZh hn-izm-kwsImv AYam-pXv. tamsi {]hmNI ]dp""C-{kmbose tI, \psS ssZh-am-b Imhv GI I---mhv' GI\mb Imhns\ am{Xw Bcm[nm ]mSp-p-sh Xzw hfsc iambn X-s ]Tnn {]hmNI\mWvtbip. A-t-lw ]dXmbn ambn Dcnp-p. "\ns I--mhns\ \akvIcnv Ahs\ am{Xta Bcm[nmhq.''(2)

BcymKa\n\papv Cybn \ne\nncpXv G-I-ssZ-hhnizmkam-bncppshXn\v hyamb sXfnhp-Ifpv. th-Zfnse Nne {]mY\I-fpw D]\njZvkqfpw Cmcywhy--ampp. H-cp- E-tKz-Z-kqIvXw- t\m-pI:-

ln-c-Wy-K-`x- k-a-h-- Xm-t{K-`q-X-ky- Pm-Xx- ]-cn-tX-I- B-kn-Xv-k-Zm-[m-c- ]r-Yn-how,- Zym-ap- tX-amw-I-kv-ssa- tZ-hm-b- l-hn-jm- hn-t[-a.-

(B-Zn-bn- ln-c-Wy-K--`- am-{X-ta- D-m-bn-cp-p-q.-- A-h-\m-Wv- k-I-e- `p-h-\--fp-sS-bpw- A-[o-im-[n-Im-cn.- A-h- `q-an-sb-bpw- kzK-s-bpw- A-X-Xp- m-\--fn- m-]n-p.- A-h-\n-\n-m-Wv- k-h- N-cm-N-c--fp-ap-m-b-Xv.- tem-Iw- ap-gp-h-- A-h-s-d- I]\-I-- A-\p-k-cn-p-p.- A-Xn-\m- A-h-\p- am-{Xw-l-hn--n-pI)-(3)

Nne D]\njpI _lpssZhm-cm[\sb Xp-d-s-Xn--ppv.

\- X-ky- I-iv-Nn-Xv- ]-Xn- A-kv-Xn- temtI-\- tN-in-Xm- ss\-h- N- X-ky- enw-Kw-\- Im-c-Ww- I-c-Wm-[n- ]m-[n-t]m-\- Nmky- I-iv-Nn-Xv- P-\n-Xm- \- Nm-[n]x-

2. ambn 4:103. E-tKz-Zw- 10:121:1

29

am\-hnI sFIyhpw GI-ssZhhnizm-khpw 29(A-h-\p- Xp-ey-am-bn- tem-I-n-emcp-an-.- A-hn-S-tm-Sv-B-Pv-

Rm-]n-m- B-cp-an-.- A-hn-S-t-v- Zr-iy-am-b- A-S-bm-f-hp-an-.-k--h-n-s-d-bpw- Im-c-W-I--m-hm-b- A-h-\v- Im-c-W-m-c-\m-bn- Bcp-an-.- A-hnS-t-v- P-\-bn-Xm-th-m- A-[n-]-Xn-tbm- B-bn-B-cp-an-)-(4)

\- X-{X- kq-tcym- `m-Xn- \- N-{- Xm-c-Iw-t\-am- hn-Zyp-tXm- `m-n- IptXm-- b-a-Kv\nx-X-ta-h- `m-w- A-\p-`m-Xn- k-hw-X-ky- `m-km- k-hw- C-Zw- hn-`m-Xn-

(A-hn-sS- ]-c-{_-lv-a-n-\p- ap-n- kq-c-y-t\m- N-{-t\m- \--{X--tfm- {]Im-in-p-n-;- C-Sn-an-- t]m-epw- A-hn-S-s-ap-n- \n-jv-{]-` -am-Wv.- ]n-s- Cu- An- F-hn-sS?- k-z-bw-{]-Im-i-am-b- A-hn-S-s- --{]-Im-i-m-em-Wv- k-h-Xpw- {]-Im-in-p-Xv;---kh-Xn-s-d-bpw- {]-Im-iw- A-hn-S-s- {]-Im-iw-X-s-bm-W-v-)--(5)

A-i-co-cw- i-co-tc-jz-\- h-kv-tY-jy-h-n-Xw-a-lm-w- hn-`p-am-Xv-am-\w- a-Xzm- [o-tcm- \-tim-N-Xn-\-m-b- am-Xv-am- {]-h-N-t\-\- e-t`ym- \ ta-[-bm- \-_-lp-\m-{ip-

tX-\-b-ta-ssh-j- hr-Wp-tX- tX-\- e-`y-

(B- ]-cam-Xv-am-hv- A-n-c-\pw- i-co-c-ap-s-n-epw- hn-tZ-l-\-pw-A-N--e-\pw- a-lm-\p-am-Ip-p.- B- ]-c-am-Xv-am-hn-s\--n- A-dn-bp-Pv-Rm-\n- H-cn--epw- tim-Im-Xp-c-\m-hp-n-.- B- ]-c-am-Xv-am-hv- hm-n-\pw- Im-Xn-\pw- _p-n-pw- A-{]m-]y-am-Wv.- F-m-,- B-cp-sSta- A-h-\v- Ir-]-bp-tm,- A-h-\v- B- ` m-Kyw- e-`n-p-p.- F-s-m-,- A-h- Ir-]m-]m-{X-n- am-{X-ta- kz--bw- {]-Xy--s-Sp-I-bp-q-)-(6)-

AwXa {]hnintbkw`qXn ap]mktXXtbm `qb ChtXXtam bXp kw`qXymw cX:

4. tiz-X-i-X-tcm-]-\n-j-v-- 6:-55. ap--tIm-]\n-j-v- 2:-2:-116. I-tTm-]-\n-j-v- 1:-2:-22,-23

30

lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw30(\izcfmb tZh ]nXr am\hmZn-Isf D]mknph

A-m\am-Ip- tLmcmImcn ]Xnpp. A-\-iz-c-\m-b ]cammhns\ Ipdnv anYym`n-am\-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-p--h\pw tLmcmImcn Xs ]Xnpp)-(7)

hn{Klsftbm ihIpSocsf-tbm hymPssZhsftbmB-cm[np-hm ]mSnspw ]cammhv AYhm ]c{_w am--{XamWv Bcm[\l-s\pw ]Tnn D]\njpIf\p-k-cn-v `mcXob Pohnp Imev Chn-sS klnjvWpXbpwkm-tlmZcyhpw \ne-\nncpp. PmXobXbpw hKob-Xbpw h-fpXn\pthn Bcym sNbvXXv GIssZh hn-izm-k-s \in-npIbpw ]ctemIt_m[s amn-a-dn-p-I-bp-am-bn-c-ppshv \mw apv a\-nemnbnpv.

{InkvXphns hyamb I]-\IsXncmb, {In-k-vXp-hn-s\bpw I\ymadnbtbpw Bcm[np ss{I-kvX-h-Z--i-\-nt\m, D]\njZvI]\-Ip hncpambn cmat\bpw Ir-jv-W-t\bpw inhenwKtbpw XpfknsSn-tbbpw B-cm-[n-p- sslhZi\-nt\m a\pjysc sFIysSpm\m-hn-s-pdmWv.

]qWamb AYn GIssZh-hnizmkw \n-e-\n--p-Xv Cv Ckv-eman am{XamWv. t\mlbpw A{_lm-apw Zm-ho-Zpw tbiphpw `mcXob {]hmN-Imcpsamw {]t_m[\wsN--bvX al-mb aXns t]cmWv Ckvemw. A-y{]-hm-N-I-\mb aplZv \_n Cu {]hmNImcpsS ap-gp-h ]nKm-an-bmWv. Atlns PohnXw \ap-p apn Xpdp-sh--s- ncnpp. Ncn{XImev Pohn {]hmNIs Po-hnXn\n-p am{Xta GIssZh-hnizmkw a\pjysc Fns\bmWvsF-IysSpnbsXv a\nemhq.

aplZv \_n Ad_nbmbncpp: ]s, Atd_y tZ-io-bXbpsS hmhmbncpn. "Ad_n'v A\d-_ntbmbm-sXmcp HuXyhpan-sp {]Jym]n Atlw kpNnXtZ-iobXbpsS ISbvmWv In shn-cnpXv.

ap-lZv \_n Jpssdinbmbncp-p: ], tKm-{X-a-ln-a-7. Cu-im-hm-tkym]\njv: 12

31

am\-hnI sFIyhpw GI-ssZhhnizm-khpw 31bp-sS t]cn Atlw Fsnepw AhImisncp-n. a-m-hnPbns kabv hnip IAv_mebn\p ap-n \n-v {]hmNI {]Jym]nXv "Am-lp \nfpsS ]gb s]m--{]IS\-hpw ]nXmmcpsS t]cnep s]cpa \-Snepw A-h-km\nnncnpp'-shmbncpp.

aplZv \_n shfpbmfmbn-cpp. ]s, I-dphtcmSvAtlw hnthN\w ImWnn. Idphcn I-dph\mb_nemembncpp At-lns Ghpw ASp k-tlmZc-m-cnsemcm. CkvemanI N-cn-{Xn-se Ghpw h-enb hn-P-b-amb amhnP-bns {]Jym]\w \Sm At-lw \n-tbm-KnXv _nemens\bmbn-cpp.

aplZv \_n apkvenambncpp. ]s, apkvenambn F--Xns t]cn am{Xw Atlw BcpsSbpw sXpIsf \ym-bo-I-cn-pItbm AapkvenwIv \oXn \ntj[npItbm sN-bv-Xn-. At-lw ]dp "Fs aI ^ mna Ifhp \SnbmA-hfpsS ssII Rm tOZnpw' kapZmbnI kpNnX-Xz-n-\v Atlw ]qWambpw FXncm-bncpp.

aplZv \_n ]pcpj\mbncpp. ]s, kv{XoItfmSv A-tlw hnth-N\w ImWnn. kv{XoIv _m[yX-IsftmseXs AhImifpap-smbncpp Atlns A[ym-]--\w. kIehn[ kv{Xo]oU\p-saXnsc iambn i-_v-Zn alm\mb hnhImcnbmbncpp Atlw.

aplZv \_nbpsS A\pbmbnhr-s t\mpI. AhnsS]-Wmc\m-b Dkvam\pw ]Wnmc\mb Dssadpap-v. Ad-_n-bmb Dadpw A\d_nbmb kam\papv. shfph\mbA_q-_dpw Idph\mb _nemepapv. D-S-abmb A_q-kp-^vbm\pw ASnabmb bmkndpapv. Jpssdinbmb JmenZpwJpssdinbm sskZpapv. JZoP-bpw-, Bbnibpw, Ak-v-am-Dsamapv. Ah Xn bmsXmcp hn-thN\hp-an. AhcpsSa\n IpnssZh-tfm IssZhtfm C. GI\mb{k-jvSmhn\p apn am-{XamWv Ah kmjvSmwKw sNpXv.h-cnhcnbmbn \nv H-cp t\Xmhn\p Iogn \Sp \a-kv-Im-c-n Dadn\Spv Dssa-dpw A_q_dn\Spv _nem-epam-

32

lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw32bn-cn-pw \npXv. Ah Xn sXm-pIqSmbvabn; Xo-n-qSmbvabn; Abnan; kpNnXXzsfmpan. A-h-scmhcpw BmYambn GI-ssZhtmSv {]mYnpp.H-cpanv Hcp-t]mse s\p ssII shp-sIm-v, Ahpap--n kmjvSmwKw sNbv-XpsImv... Ah Xn k-v]--bn-, hnthN\an, kpNnXXzfn. Ah-cpsS akcw H-scm- eyn\p th-nbmbncpp; kI IqSpX-- sN-bv-Xv GIssZhm BZcn-sSphcn ap]n-bnse-p-hm thnam{Xw.

Ckvemw Cu cq-]nep sFIyw km[nXv AXns ssZ-h-k]n-eqsS-bpw {]] k]neq-sSbp-amWv. Cu{]-]s ]Sv ]cn]men-np in GI\mWv. Aht\m-Sv am{Xta a\pjy Bcm[\Ifnp-hm ]mSpq. a\pjy-t\-m DX-\mb Hcp inbps t_m[w Ah-\nseA-lw-`mhsfmw XIpp. shfphs\bpw Idph-s\-bpw kh-Ws\bpw AhWs\bpw hyXykvX \m-p-Isc-b-pw ` mjmscbpsamw kr-jv-SnXv GI\mb {k-jv-SmhmsW--p hcptm Ah Xnep hnthN\- A-{]kambnamdpp. alm-b B inp apn a\pjy\Sap- N-c-mN-csfmw \nmcamsWv hcptm "FtXmWv hen--bXv' F Alw`mhw A{]kamhpp. Ah-p apnam-{Xw sNp kmjvSmw-Kw "Alw`mh'sfsbmw \inn-p--p. AhnsS {kjvSmhpw krjvSnIfpw am{Xw.

a\pjysc XneSnnpIbpw `nn-npIbpw sN-p--Xn-\pthn ]u-tcm-lnXyw ]SXmWv ]e hymPssZh--tf-bp-sav ImWm\mhpw. ssZhfp-sSbpw a\pjycpsSbpw CS-bn- a[yh-nIfmbn Nav NqjWw sNpI-bm-bncpp]u-tcmlnXyns e-yw. inh\mWv kis\v hmZn- ssihmcpw hnjvWphmWv ssZhfn- {][m\nsbv hm-in-]nSn sshjvW-hmcpw Xn a[yImep \S c-cq-nX Iem]fn \mbIXzw hlnXv ]p-tcmlnXm-cm-bn-cpp. ]Xn-\m-bnc sImesNs {]kvXpX kwL--\- sImv t\apmnb-Xpw ]ptcmlnXm Xs. C-

33

am\-hnI sFIyhpw GI-ssZhhnizm-khpw 33k-vemw ssZ-hn\pw a-\p-jypanSbn bmsXm-cp hn[ a[y-h-nIsfbpa\phZnp-n-. GIssZhns in, {]]-w apgph\pw hym]np InSppshpw a\pjycpsS IWv-T-\m--fntbm kao]--\m-Wv Ahs\pamWv Ckvemw ]Tn-n-pXv. Ah\ntev A-Spphm- CSbmfstbm ip]m--i-Istbm Bhiyan. Ah IcpWm\n[nbpw ]ca-ImcpWn-I-\pamWv. Xs ASnabp-sS {]mY\v Dcw \Ip Zbm-ep-hm-Wh. Bpw Aht\mSv t\cnv {]mYnmw. klmb--f`yYnmw. ]utcmlnXyw Ckvemanensp am{X-a, A-Xn-s\ {]mtbmKnIambn \inn-m t]mXmWv CkvemansA-[ym-]\. ssZhnsbpw aXns-bpw t]cn Nc-n-{Xm-XoXImew apX-p Xs \ne\nncp NqjW-pAdpXn hcppIbmWv ]utcm-lnXy\ntj[neqsS C-kvemwsNbv-XXv.

Ckvemans {]]k]w a\p-jysc DchmZn-t_m-[-aph\pw A`nam\nbpamn ampp. {]-]w, {_mhn\p]-nb Hcp A_m krjvSnsXmsW ]pcmWk-]hpw ambbpw an-Yy-bpamsW AssZzXmibhpw, ]m]k-q-Wam-sW ss{I-kv--XhhoWhpw Ckvem-an\v A\y-am-Wv. {]]w ssZ-h-ns krjvSnbmWv. krjvSnp]nnk---i\p a-l-mb Nne eyfpv. a\pjy\mWv kr-jv-SnIfn Ghpw Da. Nnmtijnbpw hnthN\ioe-hp-ap- GIPohn a-\p-jy-\mWv. Cu `qanbnepssXmw a-\p-jy-p th-n ]-S--sXmW;v kzX{amb ssI-Imcy-I--r-Xzn\pw. a-\p-jy-cpsS Ignhv ssZhns {]tXyIambZm-\-amWv. Cu Ignhv kr-jvSn]cambn hn\n-tbmKnstSXva-\pjycpsS I-hy-amWv. AXn\h ssZhnI amK\n-tZ-i-sf A-\pkcnWw. Am ]w AXv hynbpsSbpwkaqln-sbpw \minemWv IeminpI. {]]nseD-akrjvSnbmWv Xms\ t_m[w a\pjycn Bm-Y-X-bpw A`nam\hpw DchmZnz-t_m[hpw hfpp. ssZ-hn-I amK-\ntif\pkcnp PohnXw Ah-s\ hn-a-eo-I-cn-pp.

34

lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw34a\pjy\nse "Rm'F t_m[w \innm Ckvemw

{i-anpn. F-s IpSpw_w, Fs cmjv{Sw, Fs k-vXp-Snb t_m[ Hcp ]cn-[n hsc BhiyamsWmWv C-kv-eman-s ]w. AhbpsS eyw tIhew XncndnhpIam-{XamIWw. Ah kpNnXhpw {]Xntema]chpambn-q-Sm a-\pjy Xnep sFIynt-bpw thXncnhnsbpw ta-J-e-Isf Izp-B hyambn \nhNnppv.

""tl a\pjysc, \nsf Rm krjv-SnXv Hcp ]pcpj\n\n-pw Hcp kv{Xobn \npamWv. \nsf tKm{X-fpw h--K-fpamn XncnncnpXv ]ckv]cw a\nempXn\pth-n-bmWv. \nfn \np ssZhn Ghpw BZ-c-Wo-b \nfn Ghpw [--n-jv-Tbph Xsbm-bn-cn-p-w.'' ChnsS tKm{Xnstbm hKns-tbm AkvXnXzwIzp-B \ntj[np-n. AhbpsS eyw ]ckv]capa-\nemepI am{XamhWw. s]m- {]IS\hpw A-lw-`m-hhpambnq-Smsbp \njvIjnpIbmWv sNp-Xv.

Hscm amXm]nXmfpsS afmWv a\pjyscmw FIzp-B\ns A-[ym]\hpw a\pjy Xnep AI- Ip-d-p-p. Ahsc ]ckv]cw ktlm-Zco ktlmZcmcmn amp--p. Hscm amXm]nXmfpsS afmWv a\pjysc-mw F-kpcamb krjvSnk]-n\p]Icambn ` u-XnIhmZnIvAhXcnnm\pXv ]cnWmahmZ-am-Wv. shfp Bcymb-YmY a\pjy-cpw Idp Gjym ]cnWmanse \nIr-jv-SPohnIfpamsWv \mknI {]NcnnXv Cu ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Zns ASnm\n \npsImmbncp-p. Ckv-em-an-s kmtlmZcy k]-n-s ASnm\w "\nbw \n-fp-sS ssZhw Hv; \nfpsSsbmw ]nXm-hpw Hcm Xs. F-mhcpw BZan \n-phcmWv BZtam an \npw' F{]-hmNIhN\n \np hy-ambn a\nemhppv.

GIssZhhnizmkne[njvTnXamb PohnXZi\n\v A-Yhm Ckveman-\p am{Xta a\pjysc sFIysSpm-\pw km-tlm-Zcyw ]Tnnphm\pw Ign-bq. app kaqlfnteXp t]m-se Xs ]utcmlnXyhpw \mmNmcfpw krjvSn k-p-Nn-

35

am\-hnI sFIyhpw GI-ssZhhnizm-khpw 35XXzv apkvenw-kapZmbhpw hnt[bambnpsn A-Xn-\p ImcWw Ah XuloZn \n--pw {]hmNI-{]-t_m-[-\--fn \n-pw hyXnNenXmWv. a\pjycminsb apgph sF-Iy--ntep Wnp-tm {]Yaambn ihIpSocmcm[\-bn-epw hocmcm[\bnepw apgpIn In-S-p kzkapZmbs sF-Iy-ns ]mm-hntev sImphcnIsb NpaXe \n--ln-stSXpv. kapZmbn-sbpw kaqlnsbpw sF-Iy-n-\mhiyw ssZhnIamb ]miw apdpsI ]nSnpIbmWv. I-fa ssZhnI {K-hpw {]hmNINcybpamWv ssZhnI]m-iwsIm-p hnhnpXv. hnip Izp-B\pw Xncpkppw]n-pScpXn-eqsS am{Xta bYmYnep sF-Iyw km-[y-am-hq, AXn\v ki XpW-s. Bao.

36


am\-h-sFIywkXy-n-e-[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn--Ww

]n.-hn- i--c-\m-cm-b-W-

Fw.Fw.AIv_ Fgp-Xnb "am\-h-sF-Iy-hpw GI-ssZhhnizm-khpw' F teJ-\-n hkvXp-Xm-]-c-ambpw Bi-b-]-c-ambpwh Nne sXp-Isf Nqn-m-Wn-p-Ibpw hni-Zo-I-cn-p-I-bp-amWv Cusbmcp {]Xn-I-c-W-ns Dtiyw.

Bcym-K-a-\-amWv ` mc-X-nse hKo-b-X-m-cw-`-sav teJ-\-n ]d-bp--Xv bmYmYy-a-. `mc-Xo-bsc hnL-Sn-n-p-hm--\pw, X-fpsS tImf\n`-c-W-t-bpw, aX-]-cn-h-\-t-bp-w \ymbo-I-cn-m\pw t--hn {_nojv `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Ifpw {In-kv-Xyanj-\dn-am-cpw X-fpsS Bm-\p-hn-I-fmb Ncn-{X-Im-cam-sc-smv ]S-p-m-nb sIp-I-Y-bpsS k]-n-\-p-dw, Bcy-m h-h-cm-sW hmZ-n\v bmsXmcp \n-e\npw Ncn-{X-n-en-. "Bcy' F-Xn\v "t{ijvT' F-m-Wv AYw. `mc-Xo-b tZi-`m-j-hy-Xym-k-an-msX ]c-kv]cwB-cy-s\v kwt_m-[-\ -sN-bvXn-cp-p. cmh-W-s\ -h-[nv ]-Xv-

37

am\-h-sFIyw kXy-n-e-[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn--Ww 37\n-sb hos-Sp cma cmh-Ws cmPyw At-l-ns A-\n-b hn`o-j-Ws\ bmsXmcp]m[n-bp-an-msX G]n-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. AXm-bXv Bjkw-kvIm-c-m kp-jvS-cmb Bcy-m- Hcnepw Fhn-sSbpw AXn-{I-anv B[n-]Xyw t\Sp--h-c-. ]e tZi-p-\npw ki-I `mc-X-n-tev hn-cp-p.Ah Ah-cpsS cmPy-ns Hcp AS-bmfw Ah-ti-jn-npw.Xn-cn-p-t]m-Ip-tm ChnsS Cp-sh--Xnepw \qdv aS-m-bn, C-hn-Sps hninjvS hn -`h--tfbpw kwkvIm-c-tbpw Xe-bnepws\n-ep-ambn FSp-psImpt]m-hpI-bpw sNbpw. AXn-\mChn-Sps kwkvImcNn- temI-ns ]e tImWp-I-fnepw Imew Ipgn-n- p-m-bn-cnpw. AsXmw tXmn-sb-Spv`m-cXkwkvImcw Chn-sS-bmWv D-hn--sXpw Bb-Xp-sImvC-hn-sS-\nv ` mc-X-n-tev hs-nb kwkvIm-camWv Bcy-kw-kvIm-c-sapw ]d-bp--Xv, ]d-bp--hsmcp kwXr-]vXn -\-Ip--Xp-sIm-m-bn-cn--Ww.

{Zmhn-U-t\-bpw, BZn-hm-kn-tb-bpw, iq{Z-t\bpw ]oUn-n-p--Xn-\mWv NmXp--hWyw \nAn-Xpw ]p\P-knmw m-]n--Xpw Fv teJ-\-n ]d-bp-p. NmXphWyw \nAn-Xv Cuiz-c-\n--bhpw D-a-amb Hcp kmaqlyhyh-n-Xn-bp-am-Wv. \mep-h-W-fpw XymK-_p-n-tbmsS kaq-l-s ]c-kv-]cw tkhn-p-p. NmXp-hWy-n {_m-Wv AXn-I-Tn-\-amb \nb-{-W-am-Wp-Xv Ahv kzmYn-\m-bn v {Z-hyw km-Zn-m Al-X-bn-. {]X-{K-l-ambn Inp-Xv XsB{i-bnv Ign-bp injy-msc ]cn-]m-en-m am-{X-amWv.{_m--W\p cmPy-`-c-W-tam, Irjn-, hy-h-kmbw Ch-tbm C;bm-Khpw thZm-[y-b-\hpw am{Xw. AXn iq{Zs\ ]oUn-n-tBh-iy--an-. am{X-a-- Xs tkhn-p iq{Z\v Ahs IpSpw-_-w \ne-\nm X-Xmb Iqen Gs-Sp--W-sav a\p]-d-bp-p.(1) Ah-s\ ]oUn-n-p-hm {_m-W\v bm-sXm-c-[n-Im-c-hp-an-. ImcWw Poh-t\m-]m-[n-mbn {_m-W-tkh\nn Ah\v ap- sXm-gn-en\p t]mImw.(2) iq{Z\v Icw Hgn-hmWv.(3)

1. a-\p-kvarXn: 10:1242. a-\p-kvarXn: 10:993. a-\p-kvarXn:10:120

38

lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw38iq{Z-s Zu_eyw apX-se-Sp-m-Xn-cn-m Ahs kv{XosbBsc-nepw hy n`-N-cn-m Ah\v Bbncw ]Ww Z---ap-v.(4) C\ntNmZn-s, Jpdm-\nse ASn-a--n\v F-m-Wv \ymbo-I-c-Ww? a\p-jy a\pjys\ ASna-bm-p--XmtWm km-tlm-Z-cy-ns DZm-l-c-Ww? ASn-a-kv{Xosb bP-am-\\v F-tm thW-sa-nepw {]m]n-mw. Imc-Ww ]d-bp-Xv Ah-fpsS hn-Im-cia-\-n\v thsd hgn-bn-s-m-Wv. Fm ASn-a-bmb ]p-cp-j\pwhnIm-c-an-s? Ah\v Xs bP-am-\-nsb {]m]n--m-sav Fp-sImv ]d-bp-n-. ASn-a-kv{Xosb hy`n-N-cn-n-v ]Ww km-Zn-p-Xv apkven-an\v \ymb-amb Imcy-am-Wv. A-Xn\v Jpdmau\m-\p-hmZw \-Ip-p. Hcp hyh-- am-{X-w- -hy-h--b- Ii-\-a-m Hcp \ntiw am{XwAXm-bXv Jp-dm ]d-bpp""Nmcn{Xyw B{K-ln-p ASn-a-kv{Xosb hy`n-Nm-c-n\v \n-n--cp-sXv'' sNbvXm-tem "AXn-\p-tijw Xm- s]mdp-p-sIm-Spm'sav {kjvSm-hns kam-[m-\hpw. C-hnsS ASn-a-s-ns\ hy`n-N-cn-p--Xnt\m hy`n-N-cn-n-p--Xnt\m DS-avbmsXmcp inbpw \nt-in-p-n-. A-s\-bp hy`n-Nm-c-Ww sImv IpSpw_w ]pep-hm-\pw, cm-Pm-hn\v Icw-sIm-Sp-p-hm\pw Hcp apkam\v en-t--Xn-s-Yw.

iq{Z\v thZw \ntj-[n--Xns\n teJ-I ]d-bpp-v; C-X-hmkvX-h-am-Wv. bPp-thZw imkn-p-Xv iq{Z thZw ]Tn--W-sa-mWv.(5) CXv Iqn-t-Xm-sWv Fs Hcp apkvenwk-tlm-Z-c hmZn--bp-m-bn. Atlw A-s\-sbm-cp-hmZwD--bn-Xv Btcm- Nne ]mmXy ]-nX A{]-Imcw ]d--Xm-bnv Fhn-sStbm {]kw-Kn-Xv tI-Xm-Ws{X. AXm-bXvth-Z-sf hnain-p--Xn\v Xv tXmnbXv Xn-hn-Sp-I.CXn\v henb _pn-ap-sm-p-an-tm? bmYmYytam thZ-]c--ctbm Kpcp-ap-J-p-\n-mWv {ihn-p--Xv. Hcp a{w sNm-n- ]Tn-p--Xn\v {]tXyI \nb-a--fp-v. Hmtcm A-chpwX-n C{X -am-{X-bpsS Imew CS -th-W-sa-pw, C coXn-bn- I\w thW-sapw Hs-bp \nb-a- Ii-\-ambn ]m-en-mWv thZw ]Tn-n-p--Xv. As\ thZ-nse A-c--

4. a-\p-kvarXn: 8:3835. bPpthZw: 26:2

39

am\-h-sFIyw kXy-n-e-[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn--Ww 39 D-cn-p coXn-p- am-{Xambn Hcp imkv{X-apv AXmWv "in-'. thZ-nse hmp-Iv C-Xm-WY-sap ImWn-m-\mbn Hcp imkv{X-apv AXmWv \ncp-w. Cs\ ]Xn-\m-bn-c--W-mb hj- \ne-\n-p-h-cp ]hn-{Xhpw ip-hp-am-b Hcp ]T-\-coXn thsd GsX-nepw aX-{K---fpsS ]T-\-n-\p-tm F-dn-bn-. Cs\ ]Tn-p-h-cp- thZ-n Hcpa-{w Hcmpw Hcn-epw Iqn-tm Ign-bn-. AXpwth-Z- iq{Z\v \ntj-[n--h-scp hna-i-I ]d-bp--Xmb{_m--W, X- Xs iq{Z\v thZw ]Tn-m Al-X-bp-a{w Iqn-tsv F-s\ ]d-bpw. AX--s\-bmWv Nn-ehna-i-I A-s\bpw ]d-bpw. AXp hniz-kn-t-p-I.

]ns, {_-kq{Xw i-cm-Nm-cy-cp-sS kzX-{-Ir-Xn-b-. A-Xn-se hkvXpX bYm-X-Y-ambn Ah-Xn-cn-np F-p-am-{Xw. Bcp-tS-bpw ImXn Cubw Hgn--W-sav Atlw kza-\-mte]-d-n-n-. Atlw kzb-tah Nm-es\ Kpcp-hmbn hcn-bm-fm-Wv. Fm-h-cnepw BssNX\yw Htc-t]mse hnf-ppF-m-W-tlw ]d-n-p--Xv. _p-m \in-Xv Ckvem-an-s- hc-thm-sS-bmWv. i-cm-Nm-cyinjy-m Fhn-sSbpw Bbp-[-[m-cnIfm-bn-cp-n-. apkv-enw cmPm--m-cmWv _p-msc H-Sw \in-n--Xv. Ak-ln-jvWpX Ckvem-an-t-Xm-Wv. AXns_m-n]{X-amWv tijn-p Ghpw ]g--am _p-{]-Xn-a-I A^vKm\n-m-\n \inns--Xv. sNn-kvJm-\pw, `-n-bmdpw Hs -sIm-sm-Sp-nb _p-m-cpsS IW-p-I N-cn-{X-n-ep-v. CXv aqSn-sh-nv Fp-Im-cyw.

C\n tPymXnjw. {Kl-W-k-a-bv kqcys\ ad-p m-\-v N{-s\-bmWv cmi-nN-{I-n AS-bm-f-s-Sp-p-I. cm-lp-hpw tIXphpw Omb{Kl--fm-sWv tPymXnjw IrXy-ambn]-d-bpp. {Kl-W-n N{ \nevp--Xns\ t\sc F-Xn--`m-Kv Ggm-as cmin-bn As-n Ipd-p-IqSn IrXy-am-bn- 1800 AIse AS-bm-f-s-Sp--s- npmhpw. Ejn-I Be-m-cn-I-ambn kqcys\ hngp-p-sp ]d-s-p-am{Xw. C--cw Be-m-cnI{]tbm-K- thZ--fn DS-\ofw ImWmw. thZ-- ]c-kv]-c-]qc-I--fm-I-bm AXn-s ]c-amYw thsdm-

40

lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw40n- thsdm-cn-S-mhpw {]I-Sn-n-pI Fp-am-{Xw. AXm-bXvth-Z-nse Hcp a{hpw kzX-{-ambn \nevp-n FYw.D-Zm-l-cWw: EtKzZw ]d-bp k]vXm-iz- hen-p cY-n kqcy D]-hn-jvS-\mbn hnf-p-p -Fv. CXn-s hkvXp-X-mbn bP-pth-Z-n t]mh-Ww. AhnsS Cs\ ]d-bpp:""kMvintXm-c-ivan-\m-cY; kMvintXm-c--ivan-\m-lb'' Fv(6) AXm-b-Xv "civan-bmWv cYw, civan-bmWv lbw' Fv. asm-cn-Sv "A-antb k]vX-c-ivab' Fv kqcys\ tZymXn-npp. ASn-m-\-hW- Ggm-Wtm, B hW--fn-ep Ggv civan-I-fm-Wv thZ-nse kqcys Ggv IpXn-c-bmbn ]d-p-sh--Xv. \n-Kq-Vimkv{X- C-s\ Ae-m-c-n {]I-Sn-n-p--XmWvEjn-bpsS coXn. Ejn kh--\mWv. ` mK-h-X-n ` qan- tKm-f-am-sWv ]d-p-sh-n-cn-p-p. ""t{]-bnXzm ` q-thm-tKmfw]-Xvss\'' Fv AXm-bXv ]Xv\nv `qtKmfw ImWn-p-sIm-Sp--p Fv. hnam-\-n I-a\pw ]Xv\nbpw k-cn-p `m-K-mWv CXp ]d-bp-Xv.(7)

Cu ]c-amYsams ad-p-shv X-s hmZ-k-aY-\-n-\mbnGsX-nepw Hcp hnai-I Ejnsb "JtKm-f-imkv-{Xhnj-b-n- Ctlw Am\n'sb-v kl-X-]n-m B hnai-I-s-\ Ip-dnv Fp-]-d-bm

teJ-I D]-\n-jXva{-sf D-cn--Xnepw A]m-I-X- am-{X-am-Wp--Xv DZm-l-cWw:

""Ai-co-c-i-cotc jz\-h-t-jz-h-nXwalmw hn`qhm-m\w aXzm-[o-tdm-\-tim-N-Xn''(8)

teJIs hymJym\w XpS--n-Xs a{-kw-_--an-m--XmWv. Bb-Xn-s\ "B ]-c-am-mhv An-c\pw ico-c-ap-s-nepw hntZ-l\pw A-N--e-\p-am-Ipp' Fv. ChnsSB ]-c-am-mhv "An-c' Fp ]d--Xpw "ico-c-ap-s-n'-ep-w Fp-]-d--Xpw teJ-I kzbw \nAn AY-am-Wv. a-{-mYw CXm-Wv, "Ai-cocw ico-tcjp' "ico-c--fn Ai-co-

6. bPpthZw: 23:147. `m-K-hXw: 3:23:438. ItTm]\njv: 2:22

41

am\-h-sFIyw kXy-n-e-[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn--Ww 41c-\mbn' F-mWv. F-s\-bp ico-c--fn "A\-h'am-bi-co-c--fn -F-s\- n-Xn-sN-p-p. "A\-h'An-cw,A-h---nXn A\-h--amb Ppico-c--fn ico-c-an-m-- ]c-am--ssN-X\yw \nd-p-\np-p. a{- ]c-kv]-c-]qc-I--fmWv F-Xn-\m ITw 1:2:22-mw a{amWv CXnsap-Kman AhnsS ]d-bpp.

""AtWm-c-Wo-bm al-tXm-a-lo-bm

Bm-ky-P-tm \nlnXw Kplmbmw'' Fv "alnepwalpw sNdp-Xnepw sNdpXpw Bb ]c-am-mhv Pp--fpsSi-co-c-n hnf-n-\n-p-p FY-ap 20s XpS-bmWv te-J-I D-cn 22-mw a{w. Fm teJ-I F{X-k-aY-a-bmWv Xt-Xmb AYIev]-\- \In B a{sX-s B-i-b-k-aY\-n-\mbn hf-sm-Sn--Xv "D]-\n-j-Xv apn-p-\n-p-Xv k-`m-h-n-epw cq]-nepw Cuiz-c hnf-p-p Fp- Im-Wn-m-\m-Wv. `n t`Z--fn Cuiz-cs\ B-cm-[n-p--Xn\v bmsXm-cp-X-S-hpw C FYw. Cuiz-cImcp-Wy-hm\pw c-I\pamWv. F{X I-Tn\ ]m]-t-bpw Pm--c-sImv Cuiz-c XpS-p-am-pw. ]m]nsb thZ-\n-n-m-\ in \Ip--Xv. in FXv in-W-am-Wv. in-W-n-eq-sS Ah Bm-sf ]cn-ip--cm-p-p. AmsX Hcp{K-w \In-bnv \n-v _pn-bpv; kzX-{-am-bn -Xn-c-s-Sp-m-\p Ah-Im-ihpw. CXm Cu Hcp Pw \m-bmkz-Kw, Cs-n \cIw Fv ]dv ssII-gpIn Ae-k-\m-b-n Ccn-p Hcp ssZh-a D]-\n-jXv Zin ssZhw. ]m]n-I-sf A-tlw kvt\ln-pp. ImcWw At-lw k-m-\n-bm-Wv. tIm]n-p-Xv \ncm-i-bp-tSbpw Am-\-n-tbpwA--a-bp-tSbpw ^e-amWv. \s-sb-mw ahm\pw im-\p-am-b Cuiz-c XpW-s Fp {]mYn-p-sImv D]-kw-l-cn-pp.

42


-am\-h-kvt\lw kXyk-am-hWw;-]-]m-X-am-hcpXv

]n.-hn.-F {]nw-tdm-kv

"am\-h-s-F-Iyhpw GI-ssZ-h-hn-izm-khpw' F teJ-\shnain-v sImv i-c-\m-cm-b-W-s\-gp-Xnb {]Xn-I-cWw hmbn-p. BZi-cw-Kv hyXn-cn-X ]pep-tm Xs PmXn--aXhK--hW--hkv{X sshPm-Xy-Xo-X-ambn a\p-jys\ a\p-jy-\m-bn ImWm I-gn-b-W-sapw, tZi-n-ttbm`mj-bp-tStbm as-s-nepw ]-cn-I]-\-bpsStbm ASn-m-\-n CX-c-cn Hu-Xytam A-[-a-Xztam Z-in--cp-sXpwhni-Zo-I-cn-p-sIm-p--Xm-bn-cp-p {]kvXpX teJ-\w. kp-Nn-X tZiobNnbpw hK-]-c-am-b ta-tm-bva-sb-p-dn-p-ffanYy-m`na-m\hp-amWv Bcym-K-a-\--tmsS `mc-X-n kwPm-X-am-b-Xv Fv teJ-\-n kqNn-n-n-cp-p. Fm `mc-Xo-b-sc hnL-Sn-n-p-hm\pw tImf-\n-`-c-W-t-bpw aX-]-cn-h-\-t-bpw \ymbo-I-cn-p-hm-\p-ambn {_no-jp-Imcpw {Inkv-Xyan-j-\-dn-amcpw X-fpsS Bm-\p-hn-I-fmb Ncn-{X-Im-c-m-sc sIm-v sa\-p-m-n-b-XmWv {]kvXpX hmZ-sa-mWv

43

am\-h-kvt\lw kXyk-am-hWw 43a-dp-]-Snpdn-n teJ-I Fgp-Xn-m-Wp--Xv. Bcyam]pdv\nv h-h-cm-sW hmZ-n bmsXmcp Ig-p-an-s-pw adnv DZm--amb Bcy-kw-kvIrXn C-hnsS \npw a-p cm-Py- ISw sImv X-fpsS cmPy-t-v IqSn _lnKan-n-p-I-bm-Wv sNbvXXv Fp-amWv A-t-lw teJ-\-n hnh-cn-p--Xv.

Bcy-m[n-\n-th-ihpw AXn{Ia--fpw

bYmY-n Ncn-{Xs Ah-[m-\-X-tbmsS hon-- ]m-m-Xy--]u-c-kv-Xy- N-cn-{X-c-Nbn-Xm--sfmw Xs Bcym-[n-\n-th-i-s-p-dnpw Ah ` mc-X-nse BZn-a-\n-hm-kn-I-fmb{Zmhn-Uv t\sc \S-nb {Iqc-amb It---sf-p-dnpw hy--am-n-bn-p-v. sXs-t\-jy-bn \npw bm{X XpS-n ln-p-p-jv ]-X-\n-c-In-S-bn-eqsS ]m-_n-senb Hcphn`m-K-hpw, ]Sn-m-tdm v bm{X- sNbvXv Cdm-\n-se-nb asmcphn`m-K-hp-a-S-nb cp-Iq- -cmWv Bcy-m F-mWv s]mXp-th-bp A`n-{]m-bw. \c-hw-i-imkv{Xw icn-sh-p-Xpw Cu A`n-{]m-b-s-bmWv. \n{Kn-tm, t{]mtm Bkv{S-tem-bvUv, {Zmhn-U-, Bcy-m,- a-wt-Km-fn-b, ]mm-Xy Fn-s\ Cy P-\-Xsb Bdp-hn-` m-K-ambn Xncn--tm AXn \mem-a-t-XmbnFp-Xv Bcy-m-sc-bm-Wv. imco-cn-I-{]-IrXn sImv Xt-io-b-cmb Cy-m-cn \nv Xptemw -hy-Xy-kvX-cmb ChBC-2000\pw 1500-\p-an-S-mWv Cy-bn-tev Ip-Sn-tbdn-bXv F-m-W-v Icp-X-s-Sp--Xv.

`mc-X-nse BZn-a-\n-hm-kn-I-fmb {Zmhn-U-hw-i-P-cpsS taBcy-m \S-nb A[n-\n-th-i-tbpw {Iqc-amb \c-l-Xy-I-tfbpw shfn-v sImp-h-cm Ncn-{X-{K--- Xs Ah-ew-_n--W-sa-n. X hnip---sfv hniz-kn-p ssh-Zn-I{K- Xs [mcmfw aXn-bm-Ipw. EtKz-Z-n B-h--n-p ]d-bp tLmc-am-b bp-- Am-ev \S Bcy--Z-kyp kwL--\-s-bmWv Ipdn-p-Xv FmWv Ncn-{X-]-n-X- kqNn-n-p--Xv. tZh-\m-b-I-\mb C{s\ kvXpXn-pE-tKzZkq- apgp-h X-fpsS i{Xp--fmb Zkyp-sfIog-S-nb hnh-c-W--f-S-n-b-XmWv. CXn\p sXfnhp \Ip

44

lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw44Nne EtKz-Zkq- ImWp-I.

""A-tbm, C{m! Av k-Zm -bp--io-e-\m-Ipp. i{Xp--fmb Akp-c-m-cpsS \K-c-tm-sSmw apn \np- Cui{Xp\K-chpw _ew-sImv XnIpw \in-n-p-p. h{Pm-bp[wsImv \apNn F ambm-hn-bmb Akp-cs\ sImp...''(1)

""C{m, Ahn-Spv Ic-RvP, ]W-b Fo Akp-c-mscAXn-Yn-Kz-s\ cmPm-hn-\p-thn h[n-p. ]ns Hv EPn--izm-sh cmPm-hn-\m hfp \n-s hMv-Kr-Z-s\ A-kp-cs \qdv IW-n\v \K-c-sf XIp.''(2)

EtKz-Z-nse 3mw a-e-nse 34mw kqs hyJym-\nv alm-Ihn h-tm Xs ]Zy-hn-h-\-n C-m-cy-w kqNn-n-p-p--v.

""\In, biz--sf, \In, Znt\-is\\In, bn{ ]pcp-t`m-Kybmw tKmhn-s\,\In, s]mnp-X, Zkyp--sf-smp\mbn cn-n-Xmcy hW-sf...''(3)

Bcy-m-cpsS FXn-cm-fn-I-fm-bn-cp Zkyp-sf C{ \n{K-lnpshpw Bcy-hW-sf cn-p-sh-p-amWv ChnsS kq-Nn-n-p---Xv. EtKz-Z-n apgp-h \nd-p-\np-Xv C-{-s C-c-n-ep Akp-c-\n-{K-lhpw \K-c-I-t---fp-am-Wv.A-XvsImv Xs-bmWv ]pc- (]--W) \in-n--hF-bY-n C{s\ ]pc-c Fv hnti-jn-n-p-X.vtam-lP-Zmtcm F hm-nsbYw Xs "acn--h-cpsS taSv'(The mound of dead) FmsWXv CtXm-sSm-nv tNvhm-bn-p-I.

Fn-\p-th-n-bm-bn-cpp Bcym-[n-\n-thiw F-XmWv A-Sp- tNmZyw, hnai-I teJ-\-n kqNn-n Bcy-kw---bpsS AY-n Xs CXn\v D-c-ap-v. "t{i-jvT'F--bY-n-ep Bcy F ]Zw bYmY-n- Hcp KpW-sa--Xn-ep-]cn Ah-cpsS hwiob HuXy-s- Ip-dn-m am-{Xw-

1. E-tKz-Zw-1:53:82. E-tKz-Zw1:53:93. E-tKzZw 3:34:9

45

am\-h-kvt\lw kXyk-am-hWw 45hnim-e-am-bm-bn-cpp Av {]tbm-Kn-n-cp--Xv. \oN, A[-a--,-Zm-k F AY-n-semw hnfn-n-cp Zkyp-sf \-in--nvt{i-jvT-scv anYym-` n-am\w ]pep X-fpsS Iogn cmPy-`-cWw hc-W-sa B{K-l-ns ê-am-bmWv Bcy--Z-k-ypkw-L- -\--sfmw DS-se-Sp-p-X.v temI-sam- p-ap am\-h-k-apZm-b-s Hmbn ImWp--Xn\v ]Icw X am{Xw t{i-jvTcpwap--h A[-a-m-cp-am-sW Cu Bcy-Nn Xs-bm-Wv Nm-Xp-hWys \ymbo-I-cn-m hsc teJ-Is\ t{]-cn--n-p--Xv.

`mc-XobkwkvIm-c-nse \oXn-bp---amb `cW\S-]-Snvam-Xr-I-bmbn teJ-I Nqn-m-Wn-pXv cmas em-hn-P-b-hpw hnò-j-Ws cmPym-tcm-l-WhpamWv. Akp-c-cm-P-Ip-am-cn-bmb iq-W-J-bpsS aqpw apebpw tOZn--Xn\v {]Xn-{In-b-bmbn Xn-sm-p-t]mb koXsb Hp kv]-in-p-I- -t]mepwsN-m cmh-Ws\ {Iqc-ambn h[nv ]Icw hnòj-Ws\ cm-Pm-hmbn hmgn cma-\n DZm-am-XrI Zin-m-, km-ans\h[nv ]Icw kzm`n-a-X-\mb Pem Xe-_m\nsb `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bmbn {]Xn-jvTn tPmPv _pjn\msX am\p--jnIXbnhniz-kn-p Bpw km[n-p-I-bn-.

bYmY-n {Zmhn-U-hw-i-P ssIh-cn-n-cp kwkv-Im-c-ns then-p-dv hcm t]mepw tbmKy-c-m-bn-cpp Am-e-s Bcyam FmWv sshZnIkmln-Xy- \s t_m-[y-s-Sp-p-Xv. NqXp-I-fn, ]-b-, B--s] hyXym-k-an-m aZy-]m\w XpSn kmaq-lnI Acm-P-I-Xz-vA-m-ev bmsXmcp \nb-{-b-W-hp-ap-m-bn-cp-n-. A-Xn-\o-N-amb ssewKnI sshIr-X-fpw Am-e--fn \ne-\n-n-cp--Xmbn Ah-cpsS kmaq-lnI-Pohn-X-n \nv \apv a\-n-emIpw. A aIsf hnhmlw sNp coXnbpw ]c-ky-hy-`n-Nm-chpw kv{XoIsf Iqn-sm-Sp--ep-samw CXn-\p-Zm-l-c-W--fm-Wv. PpKp-]vkm-h-l-amb Cu kmwkvIm-cn-I-Nn---fmWvChnsS\npw tXmn-sb-Spv temI-ns hnhn-[- `m-K--fn- Ipgn-n- -sX-n AhnsS \npw apfps]mp-Xv kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS \mp-I-f; A[-a-Xz-ns hnj-q-Wp-I-fmsWvam{Xta kqNn-n-m-\p-q.

46

lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw46NmXphWyw Cuizc-\n--btam?

teJ-I cma-Xmbn \ymbo-I-cn-p hn-jbw ` mc-X-n\ne\nn-cp NmXphWy hyh-n-Xn-bm-Wv. NmXphWy-hy-h--bn Fm hWn\pw Xpey \oXn-bmWv e`n-p--sX-mWv Atlw Nqn-mWn-p--Xv. P\m-[n-]-Xy-s-Ip-dnv tPmPv Hmsh-ns Hcp Xam-i-bp-v. ""P\m-[n-]-Xy-nF-m-hpw Xpey ka-Xz-apv; Fm Nnev Nne-tc-mk-aXzw IqSp-X-emWv'' Fm-W-Xv. NmXphWy-nse ka-Xz-s hne-bn-cp-p-tm ta {]kvXm-h-\-bm-tWma hcp--Xv. ap--hsc At]-nv ` mc-XobZi-\-n {_ml-a-Wv"k-aXzw' A]w IqSp-X-em-Wv.

C\n hW-n Bs-nepw G-p-d-n-ep-I tXmp-p-s-n AXv Cuiz-c-\n--b-ns `mK-amWv FpIqSnkqNn-n-p-p--t-lw. PmXn-ta-[m-hn-Xz-ns hN-\- kz--w {]am-W--fn Fgp-Xn-n-Sn-nv, ap PmXn-hn-` m-K-sf apgp-h XfpsS Zmk-m-cmn amn, B "kIaw' Cuizc-\n-- shp-sI-m-\p Cu lo\-{iaw, a\xkw-Xr-]vXn-mbn Dcp-hn--Sm-hp CjvS-a{w F-Xn-e-pdw bmsXmcp ]cn-K-W-\-bp-a--ln-m hmZ-am-Wv.

NmXphWy-nse {_m-Ws nXn teJ-I-s\-gp-Xn--Xv hmbn-m Cud-\-Wn-p-t]m-Ipw. kz-ambn kzvkm-Zn-m Al-X-bn-m-- -Ir-jnbpw hym]m-chpw \S-m- ]mSn-m-- -{]-Xn-{K-l-ambn Inp-Xv Xs A\yv hoXnpsIm-Sp-t-p \ncm-ew-_cpw \n[-\-cp-amb ]mhw P\-hn-` mKw!am{X-a-, Ch iq{Zv Iqen- sIm-Sp-pI IqSn thWw!! kzwamXm-]n-Xm-sf shn-smv Pbn-ent]mb Hc-{Ian tImS-Xn-bn shv hn[n-{]-Jym-]-\-n\v sXmp-apv ""Xm A\pwA-bp-an-m A\m-Y-\mtW! Zb-hmbn inn--cptX!'' Fvhn-e-]n IY-bpv. GXm-nXp t]mse-bmWv teJ-Is hni-Zo-I-cWw. NmXphWyhyh-bn Fn-\mWv {_m-Wkm-Zn-p-Xv? ap hW-n-ephcpsS A\p-Iq-ey--sf-m-w ]p-Xv {_m-W-m-ct! ` qan-bn Fp-s-nepw AXv{_m--Ws kzm-Wv. Xs DXv -`h-ns sshin-j-vSyw-sIm-

47

am\-h-kvt\lw kXyk-am-hWw 47v {_m-W AXn-s\mw Ah-Im-in-bmWv FmWv a\p-kv-ar-Xn(4) ]d-bp--Xv. adnv iq{Z\v \nXy-{_m-W ]mZ-tk-h-bpw.Cu-sbmcp Ihyw Cu-jy- Iq-SmsX \nh-ln--W-sapwa-\p Ahsc {]tXyIw DWp-pv.(5)

Irjn hne-p--Xnepw ta[m-hnXz at\m-`mhw Xs-bmWvImWm-\m-hp-I. DXvIrjvS PmXn-bmb {_m-W \n-IrjvS PmXn-I- sNp-Xv t]mse IrjnsN-cp-sXpw adnv Ahsc D-]-tbm-K-s-Spn kzv km-Zn-p-I-bmWv th-sX-p-amWva-\p A\p-im-kn-p--Xv.

C\n-bn--s\-sbmw kzns Ah-Im-in-I-fm-sW-nepwteJ-I Fgp-Xn-b-Xp-t]mse {_m-W- --{Xn-bm-Zn-Isf ]qW-ambpw a\p Irjn-bn \npw A\p-_--Im-cy--fn \npwhne-p-n-. A\n-hmcyL -n Irjn-sN-m\pw {Zhyw km-Zn-m\pw hym]mcw sNm\pw \ntZ-in-p hN-\- a\p-kv-ar-Xn-bn ImWmw.

""Ima-apXv ]mZy Irjymw Xp kzb-tah Irjo-hexhn{Io-WoX XnemvOpm [am-a-Nn-c-n Xm''

(B-]Xvme-v) Irjn-sNbvXp Pohn-p {_mW-\pw -{Xn-b\pw kzb-tah Irjn-sNbvXv Fv (em-`-n-\p-th-n) h-fscmew kqn-p-sh-m-sXbpw ap-]-Zm---fp-ambn I-e-m-sXbpw [a-mbn hnm-hp--Xm-Wv.)(6)

NmXphWyw "D-a-amb kmaq-ly-hy-h-n-Xn-bmWv' FvsX-fn-bn-m teJ-I \Ip ASp sXfnhv Zcn-{ZvIq-en Gs-Sp--W-sav a\p ]d-bp-p-s--Xm-Wv. hy-am-b Zphym-Jym-\-am-Wn-sXv teJ-I a\p-kvar-Xn-bn \np--cn Bi-b-ns sXmp-ap-n-ep cv tmI- hmbn-m Xs t_m[y-s-Spw. {_m-W-tk-h-bmWv iq{Zs kzK-n-\v \nZm-\-sav ]Tn-n-p hN-\--fm-Wn-h.

""kzm aq`-bmw hm hn{]m-\m-cm-[-tbp kxPmX {_W i_vZky km lyky IrX IrXyXm

4. a\p-kvarXn 1:1005. a\p-kvarXn 1:916. a\p-kvar-Xn- 10:90

48

lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw48hn{]-tk-sshh iq{Zky hninjvSw Ia IoytXbZtXm -f \yn IpcptX X`-h-Xyky \njv^ew'' (kzK-n\p thntbm kzKn\pw Poh-\-n\pw th-

n-tbm iq{Z {_m-Ws\ Bcm-[n--Ww. "Ch {_m-Wm-{in-X-\mWv' Fp ]d-bp--Xp-sImp Xs iq{Z IrX-Ir-Xy-X-bp-m-p-p. {_m-W ]cn-N-cy-bmWp iq{Zs hnin--amb Ia-sap imkv{X-n {]Ion--s-Sp-p. A-sXm-gn-sI Ah sNp Ia-samw \njv^-e-a-s{X)(7)

C\n FmWv Cu IqenbpsS _mn]{Xw Fp IqSn t\m-n-bm Am-cy-n-ep a\p-hns HuZm-cy-t_m[w hy-am-Ipw. iq{Z\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb Iqen sImSp--W-sav ]d-bp--Xn\v sXmv tij-ap hN\w {in-p-I.

""Dn-jvS-aw ZmXhyw PoWm\n hk-\m\n N]pemImssh [m\ymt\mw PoWm-ssh ]cn-Zmx''

(tk-h-I-\mb iq{Z\v, _mn-h-cp `-Ww, ]g-b-h-kv-{X--, [m\y--fpsS ]Xncv(a-v) ]gw sN ]m{X-(I- n- In-S apX-em-b-h) Fnh sImSp--Ww)(8)

a\p-\n-b-a-n iq{Zv tPmen-bp-t]nv t]mIm A[n-Im-c-ap-s-mWv 10:99s shfn--n teJ-Is Is-.bYmY-n ChnsS Ah-Im-i-am-b adn-v, ""Ai-Iv\phw kvXip{iq-jmw...'' FmWv ]d-bp--Xv. "{_m-W-cpsS ip{iqj sN-m- Ign-bmsX hcp-tm' FYw. am{X-a GXp tPmen kzo-I-cn-p-I-bm-sW-nepw AXv D-a-hW-n-ephsc tkhn-p-Xv Xs-bm-I-W-sav a\p {]tXyIw \njvIjn-p-p-ap-v.

""ssbx Ia`nx {]N-cnssXx ip{iq-jyt ZznPm-XbxXm\n ImcpI-IamWn inev]m\n hnhn-[m\n N''

(GXp Ia- sNbvXm ZznPm-Xn-I-fpsS tkh-bm-IptamAcw Imcy-Bim-cn-Wn apX-em-b-hbpw Nn{X-c-N-\mZnin-]-fpw iq{Z A\p-jvTn--Ww)(9)

7. a-\p-kvarXn 10:122,1238. a-\p-kvarXn 10:1259. a-\p-kvarXn 10:100

49

am\-h-kvt\lw kXyk-am-hWw 49hWm-{i-a-hy-h-n-Xn-bn iq{Zs\ {_mW ]oUn-n-p-

n F-Xn\v sXfn-hmbn teJ-I ]d-bp-Xv iq{Z-cn \nvIcw ]ncn-p-n F-Xm-Wv. kz-ambn kzv km-Zn-mAl-X-bn-m---h-tcWyhK-ns IpSn-bm\mb-{iqZ-\n\nv \nb-a-a-\p-im-kn-p-p-s-n Xs Fv Ic-amWv ]n-cn-pI?

Fp-sIm-mWv Icw ]ncn-t--Xn-m-Xv F-Xn\v ]-m-a-[ym-b-nse 120mw tmI-n a\p Xs Dcw ]d-bp-p-v. ""Itm-]-I-c-W--fm-b-Xn-\m (tPmen sNbv-Xp sImSp-p---h-cm-Ibm) Ah-cn \nv \nIpXn ]ncn-t--Xn Fv.

C\n Icw ]ncn-p cwKs Ak-aXzw Zin-m iq{Z-hn-`m-K-n-tev Xs t\m-W-sa-n; adnv A]w km-nI kpn-c-X-bp- NmXphWy-nse aqmw hn`m-K-am-b sshiy-cpsS ta Npa-n-bn-cp Ic-\n-baw t\mp-I.

""NXp-am-Z-Zmt\m -f ]n {Xntbm `mK-am-]Zn{]Pm-c ]cw-iym Inev_n-jmXvv {]Xn-ap-NytX''

(cm-Pmhv {]P-I-fn \nv [m\y-ns jjvTmw-itam A-jv-S-amw-itam {Kln-p--Xn\p ]Icw B]-n, \men-semcp `m-K-w Ic-ambn hmn-bm AXns tZmjw bYm-in {]Pm-c--Ww sNp--Xp-sImv Cm-Xm-Ipw)(10)

CXpt]mse kzWw, shn, tKm... XpS-n-b-hv Ccp-]-Xn-sem-cwiw \nIp-Xn-bmbn ]ncn--W-sav a\p-kvar-Xn-bnse10:120 ]d-bp-p-v. CsXmw advshm-Wv iq-{Z\v Ic-sam-gn-hm-sWv ]dv {_m-Wys \ymbo-I-cn-m teJ-I{i-an-p--Xv.

iq{Z-kv{Xo kwkKs Ipdn-p a\p-\n-b-a-sf ]cm-a--in-p-n-S-mWv "i-c-`mjyw' AXns ]cn[n ew-Lnv ]pd-vI-S-p--Xv. iq{Zs Zu_eyw apX-se-Spv Ahs kv-{Xo-sb Bsc-nepw hy`n-N-cn-m Ah\v Bbn-cw ]Ww Z-ap-v'Fv AXn-i-tbm-n-]-c-ambn Ah-X-cn-n-p-po `mKvteJ-I. CXc hn`mKfn-ep kv{XoI-fp-am-bp hy`n-Nm-c-ns in-I-fp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNp-tm am{Xta CXn

10. a-\p-kvarXn 10:118

50

lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw50ASn-bn-cn-p sIWn icnpw a\-n-em-hq. ]c-PmXn kv{Xokw-kKw aqew hnhn-[ hW-v e`n-p in-I a-\p-hn \np--cn--s. CXnse Ak-aXzw hni-Zo-I-c-W--fn-m-sX ---Xs hmb-\-mv t_m[y-s-Spw.

""iqt{Zm Kp]vX-a-Kp]vXw hm ssZzPmXw hW-am-h-kAKp-]vX-a-wK-k-sskz Kp]vXw ktW lob-tX''

(`rm-Zn-I-fm cn-Xtbm Ac-n-Xtbm Bb ZznPmXnkv-{Xosb iq{Z {]m]n-m C{]-Imcw in A\p-`-hn--Ww.A-c-n-X-bm-sW-n Ah\v Xs k-kzhpw enwKhpw \jvS-s-S-Ww. cn-X-bm-sW-n Poh-\pssS Fmw \jvS-s-S-Ww)(11)

""sshiyx k-kz-Zx kymw-h-c \ntcm-[Xxkl{kw {Xntbm ZWvtUym auyw aqt{X-W- Nm--l-Xn''

(A-c-n-X-bmb {_m-Wnsb sshiy {]m]n-m Hcp h-js XS-hp-in A\p-` -hn-p-Ibpw k-kzpw ]ng-sbm-Sp-p-Ibpw thWw. {Xn-b-\m-sW-n Bbncw ]Ww ]ngbpwI-gp-X-aq{Xw sImv \\ intcm-ap--\hpw Aln-p-p)(12)

""D`m-h]n Xp Xmthh {_mWym Kp]vXbm klhnep]vXu iq{Z-h-yu ZKvhyu hm ISm-n\m''

(kpc-n-Xbpw KpW-h-Xn-bp-amb {_m-Wn-bp-ambn kw-K-an-m- iq{Z\p Xpey-ambn sshiy\pw {Xn-b\pw inn--s-S-Ww. AYhm DW--pp Inv Ahsc Zln-n--Ww)(13)

""auyw {]mWm-ntIm Zx {_m-Wky hn[o-btXCX-tcjmw Xp hWm\mw Zx {]mWm-ntIm `thXv''

({_m--W\v h[-Z--ns m\v intcm-ap--\w sN-n-m aXn-sb-mWv imkv{X-hn-[n. {Xn-bm-Zn-I-m-Ish-[-Zw Aln-p-s-n h[n-pI Xs thWw)(14)

{_m-W-t\m-sSm-nv Ccn-n-S-n-en-cp-m ]rjvTw tem-l-w shv ]gp-n--W-sapw, ki_vZw At[m-hmbp hnm Kp-

11. a-\p-kvarXn 8:37412. a-\p-kvarXn 8:37513 a-\p-kvarXn 8:37714. a-\p-kvarXn 8:379

51

am\-h-kvt\lw kXyk-am-hWw 51Zw tOZn--W-sapw, PmXnsb \nkm-c-amn B-t-]n-m ]--gp-n Ccp-mWn hmbn Ib--W-sapw, {_m-W\p I---hy[tm-]-tZiw \Ip--h\v hmbn-epw sNhn-bnepw Xnf-n- F Hgn--W-sapw \ntZ-in-p "ka-Xz-ns kpch-N-\-' a\p-kvar-Xn-bn-ep-S-\ofw ImWmw. Fm CXn\pk-am-\-amb Ip-v {_m-W- A\p-`-hn-tXv Xe ap--\w sNpI t]m-ep \nkm-c-amb in-I-fm-Wv. ^e-]p-jv-]]-{Xm-Zn-bp ac-fpw Imp-sN-Sn-Ifpw \in-n-p-Xv Hcp-t]m-se-b-s-p--XmWv CXn\v a\p ]d-bp \ymbw. CXmWvtPm-Pv Hmsh A\n-a ^man- ]d kaXzw! NnevNn-e-tc-m IqSp-X-ep ka-Xzw.

NmXphWyw Ckvem-anse ASn-a--n\v _Ztem?

`mc-XobZi-\-n \ne-\n-n-cp NmXphWys \ym-bo-I-cn-m Ckveman \ne-\n-n-cp ASn-a-hy-h-n-Xn-sb-bm-Wv Iqp]nSn-p--Xv. AXm-I-s, tIh-e-samcp ssh-Im-cn-I-th-en-tb--nse hnfnp]d-b-ep-I-f-msX IrXyamb ]T-\--fp-sStbm \nco--W--fpsStbm ASn-m-\-n Fgp-Xn-b-X-sv Hcm-hn hmbn-m t_m[y-s-Spw.

Hcp cq]-n-e-s-n asmcp cq]-n, temI-k-aq-l-napgp-h-\mbn \ne-\n-n-cp Hcp kmaq-lnIhyh--bm-bn-cppA-Sn-a-w. ]pcm-W-{K--fpw Fssk-tm-]o-Unb t]mepd-^-dkv {K-fpw CXv hy-ambn hnh-cnp Xcp-p-v.hy-XykvX at\m-`m-h-ns hm--fmb ASn-a--D-S-a-In-S-bnse Cu thXn-cnhv Hcp \b-{]-Jym-]-n-eqsS FSppIf-bm- km[ya-- FXn\m Xs XnIpw imkv{Xo-b-ambpw{]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-bpamWv Ckvemw AXv kaq-l-n \nv hn]m-S-\w sNbvX-Xv. ASna- -D-S-a-In-S-bnse am\-kn-I-amb thXn-cn-hv Cm-Xm-p-I-bmWv BZy-ambn sNp--Xv. cv hncp a-t\m-` m-h-n-ep hn`m-K-n-sbpw at\m-\ne Htc Xe-n-te-s-n-p-hm-\mWv Ckvemw {ian--Xv. CXn-\mbn Av amK--fmWv kzoI-cn--Xv.

1. ASn-a--D-S-a-In-S-bn kmtlm-Zcyw hfn. Ahschn`m-K--fmn Xncn-Xv Xncn--dn-bm thn am{X-am-sW [m-

52

lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw52cW Ah-cn hfn (IzpB 49:13)

2. ASn-a-p Ah-Im-i- hI-shv sImSp-p. (IzpB4:36, 24:32)

3. ASn-a-tam-N\w FXv ]pWy-Ia-ambn ]Tn-n-p. (IzpB90:12-16)

4. Ip-Ir-Xy-p ]cn-lm-c-ambn ASn-a-tam-N\w \n-bn-p. (IzpB 4:92, 5:89, 58:3)

5. tamN\aqeyw \In kzX-{-cm-hm A\p-hmZw \-In.A-Xn-\mbn kIm-ns hnlnXw hsc \onshm A\p-hm-Zw \In. (IzpB 2:177)

Cs\ ASn-aw \n_m[w \S-amSnbn-cp Hcp kaq-l-s Npcp-nb Imes {]mtbmKnI \ntZ-i- sImv -^e-{]-Z-ambn tamNn-n hkvXp-X-bmWv Ckvem-an\v ]d-bm-\p-Xv.a-dnv \nbaw aqetam ass-nepw Ii\\S]Sn aqetam B-Wv ASn-aw \ntcm-[n-n-cp--sX-n Ipd Ime-b-f-hn-\p--n Xs AXv ]qm-[nIw inambn kaq-l-n Xncn-s-p-am-bn-cp-p. Fm Ckvem-anINcn-{Xs Ipdnv ]T\w\S-n-b-h-dnbmw {]Y-a-te-J-\-n kqNn-n t]mse,]-W-m-c-\mb DYvam\pw ]Wn-m-c-\mb Dssa-dpw, Ad-_n-bmbDadpw A\-d-_n-bmb kam-\pw, shfp--h-\mb A_q-_-dpwIdp--h-\mb _nemepw, Jpssd-in-bmb JmenZpw Jpssd-in-b-m- sskZpw, DS-a-bmb A_q-kp-^vbm\pw ASn-a-bmb bmk-d-pw tXmtfmSvtXm tNv Pohn Ckvem-ans AXnkp-c-am-b {]hm-NI Ime-L-w.

]ns-bp-Xv ASn-a-kv{Xo-I-tfm-Sp Ckvem-ans kao-]-\-amWv. temI-v \ne-\n-n-cp ASna hyh-n-Xn-bpsS Ncn-{X-sa-Spv ]T\w \S-n-bm Xz-nepw {]tbm-K-nepwCkvem-an-t\mSv InS-]n-Sn-p Hcp Zi\hpw Ign-v t]mbn-n-sv ImWm-\m-hpw. ASn-a-kv{Xo-Isf kzw ssewKn-Im-h-iy-v D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-Ibpw hy`n-Nmc-n\p hnv AXn\n-v km-n-I-em-` -ap-m-p-Ibpam-bn-cpp Am-epw A-Xn-\p appw temI-k-aq-l-n \ne-\n-n-cp coXn. CXns\IrXy-ambn s]mfn-s-gp-XpI am{Xa Hscm Xe-ap-d-tbmSv IqSn

53

am\-h-kvt\lw kXyk-am-hWw 53ASn-a-hy-hy-n-Xn-bpsS \mcm-b-thcv ]ngp-sX-Sp-pI IqSn-bmWvC-kvemw sNbvXXv.

Xs Iogn Pohn-p ASn-a-kv{Xo-I-fp-ambn ssewKn-I-_--n Gs-Sm am{X-a: Ah-cn-eqsS P\n-p Ipn\v]nXr-kz-n\v Ah-Im-i-ap-sv IqSn ]Tn-n-p-pv Ckvemw.AXn-\m Xs DS-a-bpsS Iogn Pohn-p ASn-a-kv{Xo-I--v Xs k-Xn-bpsS P\-\-n-eqsS ssIh-cpXv ]pXn-sb-mcp PohnXhyhy-bm-Wv. am{X-a Xs ]nXm-hns DSa--X-bn-ep av Xpey-amb m\w A\--cm-h-Im-i-n-eqsS e`n-p ASnakm-\ ]noSv DS-a-bmbn amdp-I-bmWv sNp--Xv. ASn-a--n DS-av ssewKn-Im-[n-Im-c-an-m kmaq-lnI{I-a-n CX-msX cv amK--fmWv\ntZ-in-m-\p--Xv. Hv acWw hsc Ah {_-Nm-cn-Wn-I-fm-bn X-fpsS I\y-ImXzw Impkqn-pI; cv AXvhsc\ne-\n-n-cp--Xp-t]mse Bcp-ambpw t`mKn-m\pw AXp-hgn[-\w km-Zn-m\pw Ah-k-c-ap-m-p-I. ta]d cv c-o-Xnbpw Kpcp-X-c-amb kmaq-lnImc-n-Xm-hpw [man-I-Nyp-Xn-pw Imc-W-am-Ip-tm ]I-c-ambn Ckvemw \ntZ-in-p]cn-lmcw {]mtbm-Kn-I-Ihpw {]k--hp-am-sW-s{X hmkvX-hw.

Ckvem-ans ASn-a-kv{Xo-Itfm-Sp kao-]-\-n \yq\XIs-m {ian-p teJ-I AXn-\mbn hnip- Jp-Bs\Zp-hym-Jym\w sNm\pw {ian-p-p-v. teJ-\-nse {]-kv-Xp-X `mKw Cs\ hmbn-mw. ""ASn-a-kv{Xosb hy`n-N-cn-nv]Ww km-Zn-p-Xv apkven-an\v \ymb-amb Imcy-am-Wv. AXn\vJpdm au\m-\p-hmZw \Ip-p. Hcp hyh-- am-{Xwhyh--b- Ii-\-a-m Hcp \ntiw am{XwAXm-bXv Jpdm ]-d-bpp "Nmcn{Xyw B{K-ln-p ASn-a-kv{Xosb hy`n-Nm-c-n\v\n-n--cp-sXv' sNbvXm-tem "AXn-\p-tijw Xm s]mdp-p-sIm-Spm'sav {kjvSm-hns kam-[m-\hpw. ChnsS ASn-a-s-ns\ hy`n-N-cn-p--Xnt\m hy`n-N-cn-n-p--Xnt\m DS-av bmsXmcp inbpw \nt-in-p-n-. A-s\-bp- hy`n-Nm-c-Ww sImv IpSpw_w ]pep-hm-\pw, cmPm-hn\v Icw-sIm-Sp-p-hm\pw Hcp apkam\v en-t--Xn-s-Yw.''

54

lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw54teJ-I hnai\hnt[-b-am-nb Izp--B kqw C-

s\-bm-Wv. ""hnhmlw Ignm Ignhv e`nmh AhvAmlp Xs A\p{Kln \nv kzm{ibXzw \IpXvh-sc kamK\njvT \ne\ns. \nfpsS heXpssIID-SasSpnbhcn (ASnaIfn) \nv tamN\cmdn G--s-Sm B{Klnphcmtcm Ahcp-ambn \n tam-N-\--cmdn Gs-SpI; Ahcn \a-bpXmbn \n a\-n-emnbnpsn. Amlp \nv \Inbnp k--n \nv Ahv \n \In klmbnpIbpw sN-p-I. \nfpsS ASnakv{Xo-I Nmcn{XipntbmsS PohnmB-{Klnpps-n sFlnIPohnXns hn`hw B{K-ln-p sImv \n Ahsc thiymhrnv \n_-n--cp-Xv. hh-\pw Ahsc \n_np ]w Ah \n_-n-Xcmbn sXpsNbvXXn\v tijw Xobmbpw Amlp G-sds]m-dpph\pw IcpW ImWnph\pamIpp.'' (Izp--B- 24:33)

I]Shnizm-kn-I-fpsS Xe-h-\mb A_vZp-m-ln_v\p D_-vXs cv ASna kv{XoIsf thiym-hr-nv \n_n-p-I-b-pw Ah \_n-tbmSv kSw t_m[n-n-p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xn-s\ XpSmWv Cu Bbv Ah-X-cn--sXv apkvenw A_q-Zm-hqZv apX-em-b-h tcJ-s-Sp-p-p-v. DSa \n_-nvAcw hrnv t{]cn-n-m ]S-h ASn-a-kv{Xov s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p-sa-mWv AhnsS kqNn-n-p--Xv. AX-msXA-Xn\v \n_-n DS-av s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p-sa--. PmXn-ta-[m-hn-Xz-ns ]qWqepw [cnv Izp---B\nI\nb-a--fnse\yq-\X Xnc-bm Bthiw ImWn teJ-I {]kvXpX Bb-n-\v A-c-sam-cYw Is-n-bn-n-s-nte Ap-X-s-tS--Xpq.

Xs Iogn-ep ASn-a-kv{Xo-Isf hnhmlw Ign-p-Xv t{]m--km-ln-n-p-p-apv Ckvemw. hnip Izp--B ]d-bp-p.""\n-fnemsnepw kXyhnizmkn\nIfmb kzX-{-kv-{Xo-I-sf hnhmlw Ignm kmnItijnbns-n \n-fp-sS ssII DSasSpnb kXyhnizmkn\nI-fmb Zm-kn-amcn

55

am\-h-kvt\lw kXyk-am-hWw 55Bscsbnepw (`mcyamcmbn kzoIcnm-hpXmWv) Am-lp-hm-Ipp \nfpsS hnizmksn \mbn Adnbph.\n-fn Nne Nnecn \npm-bhcmWtm. As\ A-h-sc (B Zmknamsc) AhcpsS cImfpsS A\p-a-Xn-{]-Imcw \n hnhmlw Ign-v sImpI. AhcpsS hnhm-l-aq-eyw acymZ{]Imcw Ah-v \n \IpIbpw sNpI. t-hrnbn Gs-Smhcpw clkythgvNmsc kzoI-cn-m-hcpamb ]Xn{hXIfmbncnWw Ah.''- (IzpB 4:25)

C-s\-bp hnhm-l-v Ccn {]Xn-^ew hmKv-Zm\wsN-p {]hm-NIhN-\- Ckvem-ans am\-hn-I-X-bmWv sh-fn-s-Sp-p--Xv. -""X-s-d- Io-gn-ep-- A-Sn-a-kv-{Xo-sb- kw-kv-Im-c-k---bm-p-Ibpw- A-h-v- G--hpw- \-m-bn- hn-Zym-`ym-kw-\--Ip-I-bpw- ]n-o-Sv- A-h-sf- tam-Nn-n-v- kz-bw- hn-hm-lw- I-gn-p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X-h-\pw- C-c-n- {]Xn-^-e-ap-v''(15)

]s, am-t-Snbpw ]pem-t-Snbpw kvam-hn-Nm-c-hpw\n-e-\n-n-cp Hcp kaq-l-nse Zpjn BNmcS-h-d-bn-en-cp-v am\-hn-ImZi-sf t\mnmWp teJ-I\v CsXm--pw ]qW Af-hn Dsm-m km[n-sv hcn-. AXv C-kvem-anI Zi-\-ns Ipg--a; adnv Zin-p t\{X-nsssh-I-ey-am-sWt ]d-bm-\p-q.

iq{Z\pw thZm[yb\hpw

ic\mcmbWs "am\hsFIyw kXyn-e[n-jv-Tn-X-ambncnWw' F hnai\ teJ\n NmXp--h--Wy-n- AkaXzan Fv sXfn-bnm-\mbn {][m\ambpw FSp-p-cnncnp sXfnhv iq{Z\v thZw ]Tnm A\p-hmZw\--IppsXmWv. adnp Btcm]Ww hkv-Xp-\n-jv-T-a-s-pw AXv BZyteJIs AXbmWv shfnhm-p-sX-pamWv Atlns Is. ]mm-Xy-]-n-X-m-cp-sS {]kwKfmWv apkvenwkplrpsf Ccw A_-hn-izmkv t{]cnnpsXpw KpcpapJv \nv thZw]-TnpI am{Xta CXn\v ]cnlmcapqshpw \n--Z-in-p-p-tlw. iq{Z thZm[yb\spdnv KpcpapJv \nv X-s-

15. -_p-J-m-cn,- ap-kv-enw-

56

lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw56A]w ---Imcy --{Klnmw:

""{ihWm[yb\m{]Xntj[m kvartX''

i_vZmYw: {ihWmyb\m{]Xntj[m=thZniq{Zp thZ-n-s {ihWhpw Ayb\hpw, AYNn\hpw{]Xntj[nnpXp sIm-pw. kvartXx N=kvarXnbnepw A-n-s\ ]dnpXp sImpw PmXniq{Zp thZ-hnZy-bv--[n-Imcansp sXfnbpp.

kmcw:- {ipXnbn ip{Zp thZ{ihWhpw thZmyb\hpwth-ZmYNn-\hpw \ntj[nnpv. ""GX ivaim\w bi-q-{Zx Xkvam iq{Zky kaot] \mtyXhyw.'' "{iqZ iv-am-im-\np Xpeyw AipNnbmIpp. AXn\m "iq{Zs k-ao-]ncpp thZmyb\w sNcpXv' Fns\. CXpsImviq{Z-p thZm[nImcw \ntj[nsncnpp. {ihnmXs A[nImcansp ]dm ]ns A[yb\npwA-YNn\npw A[nImcansp ]dtb-Xntm. C-n-s\ Xskvar-Xnbpw Cu hnjbs kvacnnpv. ]c-ip-cm-akvarXnbn ]dbpp: ""thZm-chnNmtcW iq{Zx ]XXnX--Wm.'' ""thZmchnNmcw sImp iq{Z s]sv A-[x]Xnm CS-bmbnocpp' Fns\. Cs\ Pm-Xn-iq-{Zp thZm[nImcs \ntj-[nncnpp {ipXnkvar-Xn-I.''(16)

thZ]T\n\mbn {]tXyI \nba-fpspw A-c---nSbnse Imehpw I\hpw ]menW-sapw Dmc-W-co-Xnp am{Xambn in F \nbaw ]men--Wsapw, A-Y- hniZo-IcWn\mbn \ncpw thW-sap-samw iTn-p-I-bpw AXnmXmWv XpSn Xs ]ngm Imc-W-sa-pw Btcm]n teJI apkv-enwI-sXn-cmb; Xm\hrscv IcpXp ]gbIme ]nXms-Xn--sc-bm-Wv hnai\w D-bn-pXv FXmWv hmkvXhw. Ctlwm\-pw Am\pw ]pIgvnb icm-Nmcy {]kvXpXtm-I-n\v \Inb hniZoIcWw IqSn t\mnbm Bcm-Wv thZ ]mcmbW-\nba ]Tnt-sXv kpXcmw hy-am-hpw.

16. kzman m-\m\ kckzXn {_-kq{Xw: 1:3:38hymJymXm: t]Pv: 103,104

57

am\-h-kvt\lw kXyk-am-hWw 57""-iq-{Z-\v- {_-lv-a-m-\-n-\-[n-Im-c-an-. F-s-m kvar-

Xn- A-bm thZw- tIp--Xn-s\-bpw- A-[yb-\w- sN-p--Xn-s\-bpw- {]-Xn-tj-[n-n-cn-p-p. th-Z-{i-h-W-n-sd {]-Xn-tj-[-hpwth-Zm--Y-m-\-n-sd-bpw- th-Zm-\p-jv-Tm\-n-sd-bpw-{]-Xn-tj-[-hpw- iq-{Z-s\- kw-_-\v-[n-v- kv-ar-XnI-fn- sN-bv-Xn-cn-p-p. {i-h-W-{]-Xn-tj-[-n-\v- D-Zm-l-c-W-am-bn- "-th-Z-hm-Iyw- {i-hn-m- A-bm-fp-sS- sN-hn-bn- Cuhpw- A-c-pw- D-cp-n-sbm-gn---Ww-', "-iq-{Z k--cn-p ivaim-\-am-Ip-p. A-Xp-sIm-v- iq-{Z-sd- A-Sp-p-sh-v- thZw- A-[y-b-\w- sN-m ]m-Sn-.'C-Xp-sIm-v- A-[y-b-\-{]-Xn-tj-[-hpw- hn-[n-n-cn-p-p. F-s-m-- b-sXm-cp-h-sd- k-ao]w-A-[yb-\w- sN-m ]m-Sn--tbm-A-h- kz-bw- A-[y-b-\w- sN-p--sX-n-s\-?- "-A-h- th-tZm-m-c-Ww- sN-bv-Xm- Pnlzm-tO-Zw sN-Ww. th-Z-a-{- [-cn-m-- sIm--Ww' Fpw- ]-d-n-p-v. A-Xn-\m- A-bmv- th-Zm-Y-m-\-hpw- A-\p-jv-Tm-\-hpw- ]m-Sn-s-v- kn-n-p-p. "iq-{Z-\v- _pn (m-\w)- sIm-Sp--cp-Xv- Fpw- ]-d-n-p-v.''(17)

teJ\n kqNnn t]mse iq{Zs ImXn Cubw D-cp-nsbmgn--Wsav icmNmcy "kza\mse' ]d--Xm-hm- hgn-bn. X ]ca-]cnipsfv IcpXp kvarXn-a{-sf km[qIcnm- Atln\v CXmsX thsd \n-hm-lantm... iq-{Zs hmbnepw sNhnbnepw F Hgn--W-sa-- a\pkvar-XnbnsehmIv]mcp-jysa Xesn\v Io-gn-se--D-cWn-I ImWpI.:

""\maPmXn{Klw tXzjm a`nt{Zm-tlW IXx\ntt]ym tbmabx ipPzemtky ZimwKpex[tm]tZiw ZtW hn{]mWmaky IXxX]vXamtkNtbssew hIvt{Xt{imt{X N]mnhx''

(\maPmXn{KlWtmSpIqSn ISphN\w ZznPmXntbmSp ]-d-bp iq{Zs hmbn ]wKpew \ofap ]gpn Cc-p-m-Wn \nt]nWw. Almcw \nanw {_m-W\p I---hy[tm]tZiw sNp ip{Zs hmbnepw sNhnbnepw

17. {_-lv-a-kq-{X-i--c-`m-jyw- 1:3:38

58

lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw58Xnfn F HgnWw.)(18)

"Fmhcnepw Htct]mse hnfn\np B-ssN-X-\y-s A\p`hndn icmNmcy' Xmgv PmXnm-tcmSpam-{Xa, sslhXbnse Ahmchn`mKtfmSpw \ntj-[m--I \ne]mSv XsbmWv ]penbncpXv. Fmw icn-sb- hmZw BZicwKv Atln\nm-bncpp-shYw.""tbm-Kw- sIm-tm- kmw-Jyw- sIm-tm- a-X-Ia- sIm-tm-sh-dpw- hn-Zy-sIm-tm- tam-w- t\-Sm Ign. B-Xv-am-hpw- {_-lv-a-hpw- H-m-sW-v- A-\p-` -hn--dn-bp-I-bm-sX- tam--km-m-Xv-Im-c-n-\v- a-p- am-K-fn-.''(19)

CXns\ hniZoIcnpsImv {io. ]n.sI. tKm-]m-e-Ir-jv-W- F-gp-Xp-p-: "-"th-Zm--a-X-n-sd- A-ssZz-X- hym-Jym-\w- am-{X-am-Wv- i-cn-sb-p- i-Tn-- i--c, ssP-\-_p--a-X-, aow-amw-k-a-Xw, Im-]m-en-I-a-Xw, im-Iv-tX-b-a-Xw, ssh-jv-W-h-a-Xw- Xp-S-n-A-t-l-n-sd- B-i-bs-Xn-cm-bp- a-X- ap-gp-h- A-Y-iq-\y--fm-sW-p- hm-Zn-n-cp-p-''(20)

_psc A{IanXv apkvenwItfm?

`mcXn apkvenwI htXmsSbmWv _pm \-in-n-sXv FmWv teJIs ASp Btcm]Ww. CuA-klnjvWpXbpsS _mn]{XamWs{X 2001 A^v-Km-\n--m\n \S _p {]Xnam [zwk\w.

b-YmYn `mcXn {ZmhnUsc t]mse _p-a-X-n-sbpw Xmgvthcv AdpXv slh `cWm[nIm-cn-IfpwA-hv Xtzm]tZiw \Inb {io ics\-t]mep- Zm-i-\nImcpamWv. _umZi ]ntmen Hgnpsh]-iphn]m t]mebmsWmbncpp Ggmw \qmn Po-hn- Ipamcne` hnizknncpXv.

_uZi\s XIm\mbn \nch[n kwhmZ G--sSppIbpw AXn ]cmPbsSphsc Xesh-p-I, \m-h-dppI t]mep IncmXamb hyhIfneqsS \mn \nv

18. a\pkvarXn 8:271, 27219. {io -i--cm-Nm-cy-: hn-th-I-Nq-Vm-a-Wn- 5.5820. ]n.sI. tKm-]m-e-Ir-jv-W: tI-c-f-n-s kmw-kv-Im-cn-I-N-cn{Xw- ]p-dw- 3

59

am\-h-kvt\lw kXyk-am-hWw 59\n-jvImk\w sNpIbpambncpp Ah eyanncpXv. B-Z-icwKp lnwkmIamb Ccw {]hnIv ]p-d-sa cmjv{Sob\ofpw \S-nbncpp, Av ssl--h-X-bp-sS hm.

AnIpe{Xnb\mbn m\mtcmlWw \Sn, _n. kn185- aucykm{amPynse _pcmPmhmbncp {_m-l]{XN{IhnbpsS ssk\nIta[mhn m\tv ISpIbdncmPmhns\ h[npIbpw cmPy`cWw Gs-SppIbpw sNbvX]p-jyman{X\mWv ]mSen]p{Xw apX imIme hscbp _p--hnlmcf{Xbpw XIpIf-Xv. AtimI ]Wn-I-gn-n 84000 _pkvXq] \innXpw Hcp _p`nphnsXe sImphcph\v \qdp kzW\mWb C\mambn{]-Jym]nXpw Ctlw Xsbmbncpp. ]na_wKmfnse Ku-UtZis ssl-h cmPmhmb iim\mWv Gsd ]pWy-sa-v hntijn-s t_m[nhrs \innXv. {imhkv-Xn-bn-se cmPm-hmb hn{IamZnXy\pw alncIpes\ ssih-`--cm--Pmhp-samw Ccn _paXNnpw aXm-\p-bm-bn-IpsaXnsc B{IaWw AgnphnhcmWv.

am{Xa, i_cnaebSw Cv sslh ]ca]qX-sfvI-cp-Xp- ]e t{X--fpw _u tZhmebfm-bncppshvNcn{XtcJI-fp-cnv sXfnbn-m\m-hpw. CmcysfsbmwAhKWnv A v^Km\n-m\n \S GsXnepsamcp {]XnaX-Iens t]cn `mcXnse ]qapkvenwIsfsbmwhn-{Kl[zw-kIcmbn Nn{XoIcnp coXn Ncn{XtmSp sN-p- {Iqc-XbmWv.

Ncn{XkvamcIsf Ipdnp bp\kvtImbpsS th-Uv sl-dnt-Pv sskn t]mepw Dsnnm A v^Km\n-m\nse_p{]XnaIsf XIXn Ncn{XkvamcI-tfmSp A-\m-ZchmsX hnizmkkzmX{yn\p taep- It-sam-p-a- lnpXz{]`rXnI Zin-sXXmWv Gsd ckIcw. bYm--Yn Xmen_m ` cWIqSns As \S]Sn hnizm-k-kw_ambncpnspw cmjv-{Sob eyfmWXn\v]nn hnsXpw kpXcmw hyambncpp. Av A-

60

lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw60^v-Km hntZiImcya{nbmbn-cp- ho AlZv apX-h-n- Cu \S]SnsXnscbp- hnai\tfmSp {]Xn-I-cn--Xv ""As\sbnepw A^vKm\nse knhnenbm A\p`-hn-psImncnp sISpXnI temIkaqlns {i-bn-stm...'' Fmbncpp. As AhcpsS HutZym-Kn-I sh_vsk-n {]knoIcn "{]XnaI NsmSp-p-tm-...' F teJ\n _manbm IppIfn \S Cu {]-Xn-am[zwk\neqsS ]oUnX A^vKm\n am[ya{i ]nSn-p-]nb IY hyambn hnhcnncpp.

lnpaXnse Cuizck]w

sslhhnizmk{]Imcw ssZhw GI\mWv Fpw \-iz-c--fmb krjvSnIfn CuizcssNX\yw Zinm km[ya-s-pap BZyteJ\nse ]cmaifmWv ic\mcm-b-Ws\ Gsd sNmSnnncnpXv. AXn\v sXfnhmbn \In-b thZkqfpw D]\njXv a{--fpw ZphymJym\w sNbv-X-Xm-sW-pw kt`mNnXambn ASnsbSpXmsW-p-am-Wv Atlw Btcm]np-Xv.

hyXykvX Zi\ A\p[mh\w sNpIbpw Hcp]mSvA-hmchn`mK \ne\npIbpw sNp BZi-kw-ln-XIfpsS kapbamWv lnpaXw. Chscmw {]amWambnkzo-IcnpXmIs Htc {KfmWpXm-\pw. thZfnseH-tc tmIsf hymJym\np Xs-bmWv ASnm\]cambnsshcp-[y ]pep \ymbsshtijnIkmwJytbm-K-aoamwkthZmAssZzX Zi\sfmw `mcXn D-S-seSpXv. AXn\m Xs teJI Dcn AYnepwhymJym\nep-ap ]pcmW`mjy e`yamtbmw. A-Xp-sIm-v ItTm-]\njXn\v BZy teJI \Inb hymJym-\-sa-s\ a{_anmXmIpw? ZphymJym\amIpw?!

ItTm]\njnse ZznXobhnbnse 22mw a{n Po-hm-mhns\ IpdnmWv N sNpsXpw; AX ]c-am--hmWv AhnsS {]Xn]mZyhnjbw Fpw hmZn-p- ]n-X-mcpv. AXpsImpXs D]cypkq-n\v teJIkzbw Hcp AYw NabvpIb sNbX-Xv. adnv {]kn hym-

61

am\-h-kvt\lw kXyk-am-hWw 61Jym\{Kamb D]\njXv Zo]vXn \Inb AYhpw hym-Jym-\-hpamWv AhnsS FSpp-tN-Xv. AXmhs sslh-tem-Iw \mfnXphsc AwKoIcnp-t]mcpXpw, a{ {]n]v-X-fmsWv hn[nsgbp-XmXpamWv. ItTm]\njnse a-{-kqv hymJym\t`Zfpsv {iocmaIrjvWaTw]p-dndnb arUm\ kzanbpsS ItTm]\njXv hymJym-\-n- hnhcnppapv.

{]kvXpX a{n\v As\sbmcp AYw I]np \-ev-In-b hymJymXm t]mepw BZyteJ\n FSp-p-tN- ap tmIv icnbmb AYw XsbmWv \In-bn-cn-pXv. hnaiI Xs hnizmk-\pk-cnv thZskao]npIb; {]amW\pk-cnv BZ-is Nn--s-Sp-pIbmWv sNpsXn {]kvXpX tmIv FvAYhpw hymJym\fpw \evIpw? DZmlcWambn Cuim-hm-tkym]\njnse 12mw-tmI-n\v Un. {ioam \qXncn \-Inb AYw t\mpI:

""Aw Xax {]hnin tb kw`pXn ap]mktXXtXm `qb Ch tXXtam b D kw`p Xymw cXx''tb Akw`qXw D]mktX

(Gh D]nbnm {]IrXnsb tkhnpp) tX A--w Xax{]hnin (Ah Iqcncpfns\ {]m]npp) tb D kw-`pXymw cXx (Nne kw`qXnbn (BZyambn D-hn {_--n- (lncWyK`n) X]ccmWv) tX XXx `qbx ChXax {]hnin (Ah AXnt\mfpw IqSpXembp CcpnsNv s]Spp)

\izcfmb tZh]nXram\hmZnIsf D]mknph A-m-\amIp tLmcImcn ]Xnpp. Ahn-\min-bm-b ]cammhns\ Ipdnv anYym`nam\tmSv IqSn-bncnp-h-cp-w tLmcmImcn Xs ]Xnpp.(21)

am{Xa Cuizc C{nbtKmNcf Fpw hn{Klm-cm-[-\v sslhZi\n bmsXmcp {]mamWnIXbpw IW-m-m IgnbpIbn Fpw kXymY {]Imin- aljn

21. Un. {ioam \qXncn: D]\njv khkzw t]Pv 35

62

lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw62Zbm kckzXn hyambn hnhcnppv.

""tNmZyw: Cuizc \ncmImc\mWv. AXn\m [ym\nsIm-phcm km[ya. AXn\m hn{Klw IqSntb Ignbq.asmpw sNphm\mIpnsnepw hn{Kln\p apn sN-v ssIIqn Cuizcs\ kvacn-pIbpw \maw sNmpIbpw sN-pXnsemWv XctSv?

Dcw:- Cuizc \ncmImc\pw khhym]nbpamWv. B Cu-izcs hn{Klw \nanmt\ km[ya. hn{Klns Z--i-\-am{Xbn CuizckvacWbpmIpsan Cuizc-s Ap-X-cN\bmb ]rYn, Pew, An, hmbp, h\hr- apXembAt\Iw hkvXpfpw Cu hIsbmw D `qan, ]h-X--- -Cu-izccNnXamb Cu almaqnIfn \nmWtm a\p-jy- hn{KlfpmpXvapXemb-h Im Cuiz-c-kv-a-cWbpmhpIbnt? Csn hn{Klw Im Cuiz-c-kv-acW hcpsav ]dbpXv Xopw anYybmWv. hn{Klw ap-n-en-mtm Cuizc-kvacW DmImXncnpXpsImva-\pjy GImX-bn sNv tamjWw hy`nNmcw apXembZp-jvIafn GsSm km[yXbpv. ChnsS Fs B-cpw ImWp-s tXm \nanw Ah A\Yw sN-m-Xn-cnn. Cs\ \nch[n Zqjy inemZn hn{KlfpsSB-cm[\bn \npmIpw. t\mq! inemhn{Klsf Bcm-[n-msX kZmkh hym]I\pw khmcymanbpw \ymb-Im-cn-bpamb ]cammhns\s Fpw \nd-h\msWvA-dnbpIbpw IcpXpIbpw sNp B Wam{Xt]mepwXm- Cuizc\n \nIncnpn-sdnv ZpjvIawsN-pXp t]mIs, a\n Nnn-pIt]mepan. a\kmhm-Nm IaWm Fsnepw No sNbvXm AcymanbpsS\ym-bn \nv in e`n-msX cs-Sp-I-bn-s--bm-dnbmw.''(22)

{]mamWnIambn sslhZi\sf kao]n ]n-X--am- Fnt BZi\nKa\fmWv apIfn D-cn--Xv.CXns\sbmw AhKWnv Xm ]nSn apben\v apv sIm-s-

22. kzman Zbm kckzXn: kXymY {]Imiw, XPpa: \tc{`qj, t]Pv 484,485

63

am\-h-kvt\lw kXyk-am-hWw 63 [mjvSyhpambn \Sph \tS kqNnn tLm-cm--Im-cnemWv sNsmSppIsbv Hmann-s. A-c-sam-cp \cIn \nv ktlmZc-D]kw-lmcn kqNn-n--t]m-seahm\pw im\pamb Cuizc cns Fv {]m-Ynp sImv \npp.

64


`mcXns ]mccywDXvIrw Xs]n.-hn i-c-\m-cm-b-W

Fw.Fw AIv_dns teJ-\-n\v Rms\-gp-Xnb {]Xn-I-c-W-s hnainv h {]nwtdmkns teJ-\w, BZy- teJ-\-s ]cm-ainv Rm\p--bn Btcm-]-W- ]-]m-X--fm-sW-pw, Ak-ln-jvWp-X-bp--Xm-sW-p-amWv FSp-p-]-d-bp--Xv. Fm- Fs Btcm-]-W-sf hkvXp-Xm-]-c-ambn J-n-m {]nwtdm-kn\v km[n-n-n-.

Cymsc hn`-Pn-m {_nojv Khsapw, aX-]-cn-h---\w \S-m {InkvXy anj-\-dn-Ifpw \S-nb \oN-ambH-cp \pW--Y-bmWv Bcy-m-[n-\n-thi knm-w. te-J-I- ]d-bp-p _n.kn. 2000-\pw _n.kn. 1500\pw CS-mWv Bcy-m C-y-bn-tev IpSn-tb-dn-b-sXv Icp-X-s-Sp-p- Fv. Bcy-\m-{I-a-Ws km[q-I-cn-m teJ-I D-cn EtKzZ a{-_n.kn. 4000\pw apt, Fgp-X-s- p-I-gn-n-cpp FmWv AXn-s\-Ip-dnv Kth-jWw \S-nb hnhn[ cmPy--fnse Ncn{XK-th-j-I-cpsS Is-. teJ-I ]d-bp-Xv sX-t\-jy-bn

65

`mcXns ]mccyw DXvIrw Xs 65\nv _n.kn. 2000\pw 1500\pw CSv ]pd-sv ]m-_n-se-n-b-h-cmWv Bcy-m-sc-mWv "s]mXp-th-bp A`n-{]mbw' F-m-Wv. \c-hw-i-im-kv{Xhpw Cu A`n-{]m-bs icn-sh-p--Xm-bm-Wv te-J-I- ]d-bp--Xv. Nne "\c-hwi'-imkv{X-Im-c-mA-ns\ ]d-n-p-m-hmw; Nne "Ncn-{X-Im-c-msc'tmse.sX-fn-h A`n-{]m-b-amWv Ahpw B[m-cw. a\p-jy Ipc-n-s ]cn-Wm-a-am-sWp ]d-Xpw Cu \c-hwiimkv{X-am-WvF-tmWw.

EtKz-Z-kq---fn \nv teJ-I "Bcy-{Zm-hnU kwL--j-w' DZm-l-cnv ImWn-p-pv. Zkyp---{Zm-hn-U-sc-mWvte-J-Is hnh. AXp Xncp-p--Xn\v EtKz-Z-nse "bp-'- Hp ]cn-tim-[n-t--Xpv. _rl-Zm-c-Wy-tIm-]-\n-j-n- bm-hXvIy ]d-bpp, C{ Fm AKv\nbm-sW-v(1) EtKzZw C{-s\-p-dnv Cns\ ]d-bpp: ""cq]w cq-]-w {]Xn-cq-t]m -_p`qh'' -C{ ]e- cq-]--tfbpw Htckabw kzo-I-cn-pp(2), EtKzZw 10:21:11 Imc-Wm-m-hmb C{-\n aI-fm-b {]Ir-Xn -e-bn-p-tN-cp-sa-v ]d-bpp. 10:103:7 ]d-bpp""B- C{ taL--fn _e-tmsS {]th-in-p--h'' BWvF-v. 10:152:5 ]d-bpp ""tZzjn-p--hs a\-ns\ (tZmj-_p-nsb) \in-n-mepw'' Fv. 10:1:3:6 ""Pe- ]nSn-p-sh--h\pw (taLw) Ccp-m Np-s--h-\p-amb (kqcys\ ad- -ta-Lw) hr{Xs\ C{ tOZn--tm Pe- ]pd-p-hp'' F-mWv ]d-bp-Xv. Dj-p -I-gn-v shbn ]c-p--Xns\ ]-d-bp-Xv C-ns\-bmWv 4:30:8 ""kqcy-mm-hmb C{ Dj-n-s\ h[np'' FmWv. temI-ns Hcp `mK--s-n a-s-m-cn-Sv DZbw Dm-bn-sm-t-bn-cnpw 4:30:11 ]d-bpp""X-I hn-bn \nv Djv thsd Znn-tev HmSn-tmbn''F-v. CXn\v A\p-_--ambn ]d-bpp ""Djv Hcp Znhkw 30aplq-w AXn-{I-an-p-sav'' AXm-bXv 1 aplqw 2 \mgnI30 -aplqw 60 \mgn-I, 60 \mgnI 24 aWn-q-dm-Wv. Djv 24a-Wn-qdpw Dm-bn-sm-t-bn-cnpw. CXns\ KqVmY-ambnh-Wn--XmWv Dj-ns\ h[n--epw, Dj-ns HmSn-t-mpw.

1. _rl-ZmcWytIm]\njv: 3:9:62. EtKzZw 6:47:18

66

lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw66tZh-mv ]tcm hmp-I-fmWv Cw. _rl-Zm-c-WytIm-]-\n-jpw C-ns\- ]-d-bp-p, thZ-hpw CXv ]d-bp-p-v. 10:104:9--""hr{Xs\ h[nv C{ Pe--fp-mn kzbw t]mjn-n-p-p-'' Fp ]d-bp-p. 10:113:4 ""C{ P\n DSs\ bp-e-y-s {]Xn kzi-n-b-dnv taL-s-n-fp'' FmWv.1:174:4 ""C{s i{Xp- taL--fmWv'' Fp ]d-bp-p.kz-tX-P-m-Ip Bbp[w N{Iw- I-Ws {]tbm-Kn-p-XvA-kp-c-P-b-n-\pw, Ccp- -I-m-\p-amWv Fv C{-s\-Ip-dn-v 1:130:9- ]d-bp-p. ""hr{Xs \K-c-sf \in-nv XSm-I-n-tev P-e-sf Xpd-p-hn--Xpw C{-\mWv'' Fv 1:174:2 ]d-bp-p.[p-\n, Npacn Fo Akp-c-msc C{ bp-n- "Dd-n-bm-Wv' sIm-Xv Fv 6:20:1 ]d-bp-p. ChnsS [p\n, Npacn F-n-h Ae-k-X-bpw, tcmKhpw Hs--s-bm-Wv. C-s\-bmWvE-tKz-Z-n C{-t-bpw Zkyp--fp-tSbpw bphpw hg-p-sam-s. {]]--nse ]e-]e {]Xn-`m-k-sf hW-\-I-fn-eqsS]-tcm--ambn [z\n-n-p--Xn-\m-Wv, Akp-c, bpw, Zkyp,A-dp, h[w, {]l-cw, _ew Fsms ]d-bp--Xv. Cuhm-p-I-sfm-s-sb-Spv Bcy {ZmhnU kwL- \-sf \ymbo-I-cn-p X]-c-I-n-I-fpsS ]nm-se-bm-h-cpXv {]nwtdm-kn-t bm{X Fp Rm hn\o-X-ambn ]d-b-s. thZ-sf AXn-sXe-nepw ey-nepw \np-thWw hymJym-\n-m Fp-Iq-Sn ]d-b-s. "taml-Zmtcm' acn--h-cpsS taSm-hs' hntcm[-an-. Fm Bcy-mcmWv AXv Fv Fns\ ]d-bpw.

Bcy-m cmPy-sf A{I-anv Iog-Sn B[n]Xyw m]n-p--h-c F-Xn\v {iocm-as\ Rm DZm-l-cn-n-cp-p. B{io-cm-a-s\--s\-bmWv Xs Bcy-m-cpsS "A{Ia'kz`m-hs\ym-bo-I-cn-m {]n-wtdmkpw DZm-l-c-W-am-p-Xv. iq-W-J-bpsS AwKw tOZn--Xpw, koXm-]-lm-hmb cmh-Ws\ h[n--Xpw Zphym-Jym\w sNbvXv, cmhWs\bpw iq-W-J-sbbpwC-c-bp-sSbpw {iocm-as\ th-m-c-tbpw m-\-mWv te-J-I- hnh-cn-p--Xv. Akpc"cmP-Ip-amcn'sbv teJ-I kwt_m-[\ sNbvX iq-WJ `-m-hv hnZyp--ls ac-W-tijwIm-am--bmbn h\-n-eqsS CW-sb-tSn \S-p-tm-gmWv

67

`mcXns ]mccyw DXvIrw Xs 67cma-e-va-m-tcbpw koX-tbbpw ImWm CS-h-cp-Xv. XsIm-a-]m-c-hiyw \nanw \ne--bm-bn, cma-t\mSpw eva-W-t\m-Spw amdn-amdn {]W-bm-`yY\ \S-n HSp-hn \ncm-i-bmbntIm-]w hv koXsb ` n-m ` oI-c-cq]w {]m]n--tm-gmWve-va-W Ahsf AwK-tZw hcpn HmSnp hn-Xv. ktlm-Z-cnsb t{Zmln--Xn {]Xn-tj-[n-mWv cmh-W koX-sb A]-l-cn--sX-mWv te-J-Is hnh-c-Ww, Fm iq-WI hnh-cn koX-bpsS ku-cys Adnv tamln-X-\m-bmWv cmh-W- koXsb A]-l-cn--Xv. teJ-I ]d-bpp cmh-W koX-sb- sXm -Xp-t]m-ep-an Fn- pw cmh-Ws\ cma {Iqc-ambn h-[np Fv. cmh-W koXsb sXmSm-Xn-cp-Xv teJ-I [z\n-n--t]mse cmh-Ws \-sIm-sm-p-a-, adnv koX-bpsS]m-Xn-{h-Xy-i-n-bm-epw, Ipt_-cs ]p{X-h-[phpw cmh-W\v kv-\p-j-bp-amb A]vk-c-ns\ cmh-W Ib-dn-n-Sn--tm cmh-W-\v Ah \evInb im]-hp-ap--XmWv (A\p-hmZanmsX ]c-kv{Xosb kv]in-m cmh-W\v acWw ` hn-p-sa-mWv Ah-fpsS im-]w) cmh-W koXsb hnsm-gn--Xn\v ImcWw. ]n-s- cma koXsb A]-l-cn--Xn-\m-e cmh-W-t\mSv bpwsN-bvX-Xv, adnv koXsb hnp-X-cp-hm thn ]e-X-hW ZqX-msc Ab-npw cmh-W AXn\p Xm-dm-hm--Xn-\m-emWvbp--ap-m-bXpw cmh-W h[n--s- Xpw. te-J-I- {Iqcambncm-h-W-s\ -h-[np FmWv ]d-bp--Xv. Cu {IqcX A{Iaw Im-n-b-hs\ h[n--Xn-\m-emtWm? ""\n-\n-e-bn Ahsc \mw C-Sn-o-sImv \in-np'' ""Ip-I hjnv H-t\cw sImv h-[np'' ""{]fbw sNbvXv h[np'' Fsmw Am-lp- Xs am-\n-m--hsc inn- IY \_n-tbmSv Bhnv ]d-bp-p-v. B k-aq-l--fn K`n-Wn-I-fpw, ape-Ip-Sn-p Ipp--fpw, hr-Ifpw Fmw AS-n-bn- n-s. Ahsc Xo I-n--pw, B-Im-i-p-\nv Is-dn-pw, sh-n apnbpw Hs- sIm-p-Xv Ah-tcmSv AanX hmeyw aqe-amtWm? apl-Zv \_n-bp--n i{Xp--h[w sNbvXXv Ah-tcm-Sp hm-eyw -sIm-m-tWm? koXm-]-l-mhpw [a-hn-tcm-[nbpw Bb cmh-W--s\ h[n {iocm-a e-bn\nv koXsb AmsX asmpw]cn-{K-ln-n- n-; ]ns em-\n-hm-kn-I-fpsS a\-pw. `mc-Xo-b-

68

lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw68Ct-hsc asmcp cm{-sbpw B{I-anv B[n-]Xyw m]n-n-n, Ctm-fw.

{Zmhn-Us then-p-dv hcm Bcy\v tbmKy-X-bn-s-mWva-sm-cm-t-]w. AXv kXy-amWv Imc-Ww {Zmhn-U-\-S--ap--h-\mWv Bcy FXv. Atm Xs Hgnp \nn {Zmhn-U-\vthen-sI-m Ign-bn--tm. NqXp-I-fn- B-\miw- hcp-p-sa--Xn\v EtKz-Z-n Hcp kqw -X-s-bp-v. aZy-]m-\hpwssh-Zn-I hne-n-bn- p-v. tkma-s-bmWv aZywsImv hnhn-p--sX-n AXv Ahm-kvX-h-amWv. tkmaw a[p-c-ap-XpwA-cn, Fv apX-em-bh hdp-p-s]m-Snv tN-Xp-amb Huj-[-k-am-\-amb b-{Z-hy-am-Wv. An-bn-em-WXv An-pI. A-Xp Ie-[-qaw A-co--s hna-eo-I-cn-p-p. tcmKm-Wp--sf AI-p-p. taL--tfbpw apw krn-p-p. (Xm]w aqewA-co--hm-bp-hn Ne-\-ap-mn taL-sf Cf-n-hn-Sp-p).An-a-cp-p--tfbpw taL--tfbpw krn-p--h-\mbn thZ--fn FmSpw hWn-p-p-v. thZ--fn CXns\ ]tcm--am-bmWv hWn-p-Xv. ImcWw ""]tcm--{]n-bm-lntZhm''F-v _rlZmcWy-tIm-]-\n-jpw thZ-hpw ]d-bp-p.

C\n Rm NmXp-hWyhyh-sb \ymbo-I-cnv Fgp-Xn-b-Xn- {_m-Ws Ah-sb ]d-Xv Iv teJ-Is IvC-ud-\-Wn--Xmbn ]d-bpp. AXp icn-bm-sWv IcpXmw.Im-cWw a\-pkvar-Xn-bnse 1:91mas a{-am-b,

""GI-ta-thXp iq{Z-ky -{]`px Ia-k-am-Zn-iGtXj tah-hWm\mw ip{iqj a\-kq-bbm'' F a{-

n- ""iq{Z ap aqp-hW-pw Akqb IqSmsX tkh-sN--W-sav {]`p, AXm-bXv Cuiz-c \n-bn-n-cn-pp''F-Xn {]nwtdm-kns Iv Cud-\-Wn--Xmhmw. adnv iq-{Z\v "{_mW ]mZ-tk-hbpw' Fs-gp-Xn-m-Wp-p. a{-n-en-m-Xv ImWp--h-\mWv In CudsIn-b-h Fp-tXm-p-p. Ccp- n-tev am{Xw t\mmsX CSv kXy-tbpwI-angnv t\mpI; Inse Cu-tcmKw amdn-tm-hpw. {_m--W iq{Zs\ F{]-Imcw ]men--W-sav 4:183 Cns\]-d-bpp: ""kzw Omb-bmbn IcpXn iq{Zs ]ngsb {_m-

69

`mcXns ]mccyw DXvIrw Xs 69W- an--W-sav.'' hntZz-j-tm-Sp-IqSn, hnain-m-\mbnam-{Xw hXpw Xnc-bp--hv Hcp hy-h-n-Xn-bp-sS, ]c-kv]ckv-t\l-n-e-[n-jvTn-X-ambn kaq-l-nse D-c-hm-Zn--ns]-p-sh- D-smv kwh-Zn-m Hcn-epw km[n-n-.

""iq{Zt\m {_m-Wt\m X-fpsS Ihyw XymK-_p-n-tbm-sS-bmWv \S-n-em-t--Xv'' Fv 4:184 a\p ]d-bpp.""a-{m-Zn-I-fn-eqsS {_m-W [\w km-Zn--cp-sXv'' 7:134a-\p ]d-bpp. ""thZ- ]n-Wn-In-S-m cmPyw \in-p-sa-v'' ]d-Xn \nv ]n-Wn-In-S-p-hm X Zmcn{Zyw {_m-W-p--Xmbn a\-n-em-mw. AXm-bXv {_m--W [\wk-m-Zn--cp-Xv, cmPmhm-Is {_m-W- ]n-Wn- In-S-msXk-wc-n-pIbpw thWw. C{]-Imcw m\-\n-jvT\pw [a-\n-jvT\pw Bb {_m-Ws\ iq{Z-s\- Bcp tkhn-mepwD-X-amb \ne-bn tkhn-p--hs kwkvIm-chpw a\pwDb {]m]npw. sXp sNbvX-hv in- hn-[n-p-tmA-Xv iq{Z-]oU-\-am-hn; adnpw. {_m-W Bc-Wy-I--fn-em-Wv Ign-p-h-cm-dp--Xv. [a-\n--jvT-\mb {_m-W\v kaXzwA-[nIw Ds-p-Xv Ahm-kvX-h-amWv. {_m-W\pw sXp-sN-bvXm {`v apX-em-b-h-bp-v. IpSp-a -ap-dn-p-Xv {_m-W-s\ kw_-nv ITn-\-amb in-bm-Wv, ac-W-amWv AXn-t\-m- sNdnb in. iq{Z\v Iqen Gs-Sp-n-bn-pv FvR-m ]d-Xv F-ns\-bmWv Zphym-Jym-\-am-Ip--Xv? iq{ZBim-cn-Wn apX-em-bh sN-W-sav ]d-bp--Xn FmWpsXv? Bim-cn--Wn-bn {]nwtdmkv Fn-\mWo \nIr-X Im-Wp--Xv. ssIsm-gn-en te-J-I- \nIr-X Zin-p--Xp-sIm-mWv AXp sNp iq{Zm-Zn-I ]oUn-X-scp ]d-bp--Xv. hntZzjw aqv aqv ""iq{Z\v [\w km-Zn-m t]mepw A-l-X-bn'' Fv {]nwtdmkv ]d-bp-p. [\w km-Zn--em-h-cp-Xv kaq-l-ns eyw Fp Icp-Xnbpw Ae-k-m-cm-bn-tm-h-cpXv Fp Icp-Xn-bp-am-Wv, 10:129 iq{Z-t\mSpw 4:184{_m-W-t\mSpw [\w Bh-iy-n- Ihnv tiJ-cn--cp-sX--v a\p D]-tZ-in-p--Xv. {]nwtdmkv Atm-tgpw AXns\ h-tc-WyhK-ns PnXz IpSn-bm k{-Zm-b-sam-s-bmbn

70

lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw70amn-a-dn-p. {]nwtdmkv ]d-bp--t]mse At\-I-\q-mv Imew{_m-W-th-j-[m-cn-I-fmbn A`n-am-\nv thZ-sf kz-am-n-shpw apw, thZ \ntZ-i--sfbpw thZ-[a--tfbpw Imn-dn ChnsS ap hn`m-K-msc ]oUn-n-n- Fsmpw Rm]d-bp-n-. Xn-Isfsbmw thZ-ns shfn--nXsC-hn-Sps Kpcp--m-cpw BNm-cy-m-cpw FXnbpw ` qcn-` mKwX-nbpw Cm--Xm-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-p-v. Ctmgpw AXn-\mbn\nc-cw ]cn-{i-an-bpw sNp-p-v. Ccw Xn-I hcp--Xv, kaq-l-ns \nb-{-Ww t`mK-X]-c-cmb hyn-IssI-Imcyw sNp-tmgpw thZ-[-a--sf-bpw XymK-_p-n-tbbpwad-p--Xp-sIm-p-am-Wv.

NmXp-hWys \ymbo-I-cn-m Rm Ckvem-anse ASn-a-hy-h-sb Iqp-]n-Snp Fm-Wv te-J-I- ]d-bp--Xv. NmXp-hWy-hy--h kaq-l-ns D-c-hm-Zn--sf ]c-kv]cw]p-sh-p D-X-amb Hcp Xe-am-Wv. AsX-ns\-bmWv HcpIq-w a\p-jysc hm-\pw, hmp-hm-\pw, Ah-s kv{XoIsfhy-`n-N-cn-n-p-hm\pw hne-n-m ASn-a-hy-h--bpsS Xe-n-tev Xmgp-I?

"PmXn-ta-Xm-hnXz--- ns ]qWq [cnv Jpdm-\n \yq\-X-I- Xnc-bph\m'bn te-J-I-- Fs ]d-bp-p. Rm ]d--Xv Jpdm-\n ASn-a-kv{Xosb hy`n-N-cn-n--h\v Amlpbm-sXmcp in-bpw, ASn-a-kv{Xosb hy`n-N-cn-n-p--Xn\v hn-e-pw Gs-Sp-n-bn- n Fm-Wv. ASn-a-kv{Xosb Xm s]mdp-p-sIm-m-sav kam-iz-kn-n- -am-{X-amWv Amlp sN-bv-X-Xv. AXm-bXv DS-av XpSpw Cw-t]mse Ahsf hy`n-N-cn-n-m-sapw Atm-sgmw Amlp s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-tm-fm-sapw kmcw.

Jpdm-\n ASn-a-kv{Xosb hy`n-N-cn-n--h-\pw, hy`n-N-cn-n-p---Xn\pw hne-ts-Sp-m-Xv Hcp \yq\-X-bmbn {]nw-tdm-kvIcp-Xp-p-s-n \-Imcyw Xs-bmWv. ]t AXv Nqn-m-nb Rm "]qW-q [cn'h\m-bn-v, {]n-wtdmkv [cn-p-h-im-bXv Ahm-kvX-h-am-Wv. ASn-a-hy-h-- C-m-Xmm Jpdm-\n Nne hyh--I {]nwtdmkv Nqn-m- n-bXv hynI-v

71

`mcXns ]mccyw DXvIrw Xs 71thW-sa-n sNm-sa Hcp \ntiw am{X-am-Wv. Hcp ka-b-]-cn-[n-p-n apgp-h ASn-a-I-tfbpw tamNn-n-m A-Xn-se- \ntZi- ]cym-]vX-a-. ^e-n AXp-sImv bm-sXm-cp KpWhpw C Fp-am{Xw. AXn-\m-emWv Ign Nne\q-m-ph-tcbpw Ckvem-an ASna hyh-- \n-e-\n--Xv. hn-hm-lw Ign--epw, apw hyn-bpsS HuZm-cy-am-Wv, tamN-\-{ZhywA-Sn-a -ti-J-cn--W-sa-Xpw AXn-\-\p-h-Zn--tWm-sbXpw DS-a-bpsS Xocp-am-\-n-\-\p-k-cn-n-cn-pw. ASnakv{Xo-bn DS-avkm-\-ap-m-bm Ah kzX-{-bmhpw FXpw Hcp s]m-w- am-{X-amWv ImcWw A-s\-sb-n H--e-ap-d- sIm-p-X-s ASn-aw Ah-km-\n-t--Xm-bn-cp-p. ASn-a-kv{Xosbhn-m-sa-n-cns K`n-Wn-bmb ASn-asb DS-av hnm-a-tm. hmp--hs km-\-a-m--Xn-\m Ah {]k-hn-m-epw kzmX-{y-an-. C\n ASn-a-kv{Xosb hy`n-N-cn-nv [\w k--m-Zn-m-sa-n-cns X\n-p-mb km-\w, DS-a- \ntj-[n-m, Ah-sX-n-s\ sXfn-bn-m-\m-hpw? A-Xm-bXv Cuh-I -\n-b-a--sfmw ta\n-]-d-bm am{Xw sImmw.

C\n thZ-n, iq{Z\v thZw ]Tn-m imk-\-bp--Xmbnhy--am-m Rm bPpth-Z-nse 26m-as A[ym-b-n-se 2mas tmIw D-cn-n-cp-p. Fs hmZs Jn-m-- thn {]nwtdmkv "m\m-\ kc-kzXn kzman-I-fpsS' {_-kq{X `mjy-s D-cn--Xm-bn-p. Atlw D-cn-p-Xv"Pm-Xn-iq-{Zv thZm-[n-Im-cs \ntj-[n-n-cn-pp {ipXn-kvar-Xn-I' FmWv Fm "CXv PmXn-iq-{Z-s\-bmWv hnh-n--X-v F-Xn\v sXfn-hn' FmWv AXnse Ah-km-\-hm-Iy-am-bn kzman-I ]d-bp--Xv. am{X-a ChnsS Rm iq{Z\v thZm-[n-Im-c-ap--Xmbn D-cn-Xv kwln-X-bn-\n-mWv. kvarXn-Ikwln-X-bn-\nv hyXy-kvX-ambn ]d-m kvar-Xn-hm-Iy-Akm-[p-hmIp-w. Imc-Ww kwln-X-bvmWv {]am-W-ap--Xv. kv-ar-Xn-I hyn-\n-jvT--fm-Wv. AXv Ime-L- --\p-k-cnvam-dpw. AXp-sIm-mWv ]e -]e kvarXn-I \ne-hn-ep--Xv. th-Z-sf {]am-W-amn Zbm-\ kc-kz-Xn-Ifpw apw iq{Zs th-Z-]--T-\-n-\p AlX hy-am-n-bn-p-v. ]nmev

72

lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw72A[an-I-fm-bn- p Bfp-I thZ-sf iq{Z\v \ntj-[n--Xn\vthZ- -D-c-hm-Zn-I-f-.

ItTm-]-\n-j-nse ZznXo-b-h-n-bnse 22mas a{w A-Iv-_- sXmbn hymJym-\n-s-v Rm Nqn-m- n-bn-cp-p. F-m- te-J-I- AXns\ \ymbo-I-cn-p-Xv B a{s kw_-n-v A`n-{]m-b-hy-Xym-k-ap-s-m-Wv. AXns hymJym-\-n-- Pohm-mthm ]c-am-mthm F-Xn\v Atlw "]c-am-m-hns\'s-bmWv hnh-n-p--Xv. Rm ]d--Xv, AIv_B ]c-am-m-hns kz`m-hs X\nv C-ap coXn-bnhym-Jym-\np Fpw, AXv a{nse A\z-bmY-n\v hn]-co-X-hpw, A_--P-Un-e-hp-am-bn-m-sW-p-amW.v "Aicocw ico-tcjvT' "A\-h-tjvT Ah-nXw' F-Xns A\zbw "A\-h-tjvT ico-tcjvT' FmWv. AXm-bXv A\-h---fmbA-s-n \iz-c--fmb ico-c--fn Fm-WYw. ]noSvh-cp-Xv "almw AK-cocw hn`pw' FmWv. "al-m-b-h\pwi-co-c-a-m--h\pw hn`q-hpamb-h\pw' Bb ]c-am-m-hmWv \iz-c--fmb ico-c--fn Ah-n-X-am-bn-cn-p--Xv. AIv_d-Xn\v]c-am-m-hns\ "An-c-\mbpw' ico-c-ap-s-nepw hntZ-l-\m-bp-w' ]d-bpp. ]c-kv]-c-hn-cp--amb hmp-I-fmWv CXv. ]c-am-m-hv "An-c-\mhp'sX--ns\-bmWv? ChnsS Poh-i-co-c-s-bmWv a{-n An-c-sap ]d-bp-Xv ]ns "ico-c-ap-s-nepw hntZ-l-s\p' ]d-bpp Fm-Wv AIv_ ]d-bp--Xv. AXm-bXv "ico-c-ap--h\pw hntZ-l-\p-amWv' ]c-am-mhvFmWv. Fsm-c-kw-_--amWXv! ico-c-ap--h F-ns\-bmWv hntZ-l-\m-hp-Xv, As-n ico-c-an-m--h-\m-hp--Xv. CuhI sshcp-[y--fmWv Rm Nqn-m-Wn-Xv. CXns\{]nw-tdm-kn\pw Jn-m Ign-n-n-. `mkvI-c-\m-b-cpsSD-]-\n-jZv Zo]vXn-bn {]n-]vX-ap a{--fp-sv Rm\pw]-d-n-n-. {]n-]vX-sa- hymJym\w sXs-mWv Rm]-d--Xv. C\n AIv_dns hymJym-\s \ymbo-I-cn-m,te-J-I-, Cuim-hm-ky-nse 12m-as a{w Dcnv, {]am-W-\p-k-cnv CXn\v Rms\p hymJym\w \evIpw F-m-Wv tNmZn-p-Xv. AXn-s\-\np ]d-bm-\p-f-fXv 12m-as

73

`mcXns ]mccyw DXvIrw Xs 73tmIw am{X-a Cuimh-tkym-]-\n-j-n-epXv Fm-Wv. ]c-kv-]-c-]q-c-I--fmb 18 a{--fpv Cuim-hm-ky-n AXn6m-as a{w t\mpI. AXn ]d-bpp:

""bkvXp- km-Wn -`q-Xm\n B-t\y-hm-\p ]iyXnk-`q-tX-jvTb-mm\w XtXm-\- hn-Pp- Kp]vk-tX''

""Bm-hn Fm- ` q-X--tf-bpw, Fm- ` q-X--fnepw Bm-hn-t\-bpw, ImWp--h Hn-t\bpw \nn-p-n''(3) FYw,k-N-cm-N-c--fnepw Cu-iz-cs\ Zin-Ww F-Yw. CX-dn-bm--hs Ah--bmWv te-J-I- D-cn 12mw a{-n-ep-Xv. ""Aw Xax {]hnin'' F-Xv. kz-Ks {]XnCuiz-cs\ D]m-kn-p--h Cuiz-c-s\-b kzK-s-bmWvIman-p--Xv. Cuiz-cs\ Hcp-h Iman-m ]ns Ah\v kzK-nse t`mK--fn bmsXmcp Imw-bpw Dm-hn-. lnc-Wy-K`s\ kzK-n-\m-bn- D]m-kn-t--Xv. Cuiz-c {]Im-i-amWv kz-Kw Xp-hpw. hn{K-lm-cm-[-Ipw CXp-_m-[-I-am-Wv. Ima-\-tbm-sS-b Bcm-[-\ -\-S-t--Xv; ka-W-tm-sS-bmWv hn{K-l-n-eqsS Cuiz-cs\ Bcm-[n-t--Xv. hn{KlwF-Xv, thZ--fn Cuiz-cs hn`q--Xn-Isf ]n -hWn--Xns\_nw_-h-cn cq]-am-Wv. NXp`pP-\mb hnjvWp-hn-{Klwt\mpI, kpZi-\-N-{I-]m-Wn-bmWv `K-hm. CXv EtKz-Z-nse 1:156:6 ]d-bp ]c-am-m-hmb hnjvWp-hns"knwt_m-fnIv dn{]-k-tj'\mWv. AhnsS ]d-bp-p "96 Imem-h-b--fp kwh--c-N-{Is hnjvWp-`-K-hm Npgn Fdn-bpp' Fv. AXm-bXv "kpZi\ N{Iw' F-Xv Ime-N-{I-amWv. kpZi\w FXv Imes \hw \nb-{n-p-Xnt\-bpw Adn-bp-Xn-t\-bp-am-Wv. alm-hnjvWp Akp-c-m-sc-sbmw h[n-pXv N{Im-bp-[-m-em-Wv. CXv Ime-N{IwXncn-bp-tm Xn-I Xntcm-` -hn-p--Xns\ Imhym--I-ambnhWn-p--Xm-Wv. Hcp In kpZi-\w, at In iwJv,CXv "Hmw'Imc -[z-\n-bm-Wv. "Hmw' FXv k-m-\-tbpwkqNn-n-p--Xm-Wv. ASp-Xv "Iutam-ZIn' F KZ-bm-Wv. F-m-h-tcbpw B\-n-n-pXmWv Cuiz-cs imk-\m-[n-Imcw

3. Cuim-hm-tkym]\njv- 6

74

lnplnpXzw: BibkwhmZw74Fv CXv kqNn-n-p-p. C\n-sbm-cp- I-n ]-am-Wv. CXvkr-nsb kqNn-n-p-p, B krn-bpsS at\m-lm-cnX kqNn-n-pp. {_mhpw Adn-hns tZhX kc-kz-Xnbpw ]-n-em-Wv hkn-p-s-Xv- thZw ]d-bp-p-. hn{K-l-sa-Xv Bi-b--tf-bpw Xz--tfbpw Bhm-lnp cq]-s-Sp-nb hmp-I- X-s-bm-Wv. Fm t`mK-Im-a-\-bn-m--h-\p- am-{Xta D]m-k-\-sImv ]qW-^ew e`nq Fp-am-{Xw. kzK-t`m-K--fn- a\p shp-tm Cuiz-c\v B a-\-n Hcp ]p-sh-- \S-p-p. Hcp kq^n IhnX Cns\ ]d-bp-p "t{]an-tbm-Sv t{]an-I, \o BcmsW tNmZy-n\v \o X-s-bmWv Fp--cw \In-b-tm-gmWv t{]an-I hmXn Xpd-p-sIm-Sp--sX-v.' AXn-\p-apv t{]an ]d-Xv "CXp Rm\mWv' Fm-Wv.A-hnsS Zzzw hp. Xmthsd t{]anI th-sd Fp-hp, hm-Xn- Xpd--s-n-. Fm Xn t{]anI am{X-ta-bpqF- \ne -h--tm cpw Hmbn CXmWv bYmYamb G-I-Xzw. Imap-In-bn a\p \nd-bp am{X-bn Ah Xn-em-bn. GXp- h-kv-Xphpw CXp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. Cuiz-c-\nam{Xw a\--n--Ww. AXn-s\m-t- h-gn-bpq. Im-Wp--Xp ap-gp-hCu-iz-cs\p I-cp-Xp-I. Fn- am{Xta Cuiz-cs hmXn Xp-d-p-bpq. hn{Klw D]m-[n-am-{Xw, hn{Klw DS-p-t]m-bmX-s Cuiz-c DS--Xmbn ` hnNm-cn-p-n-. AXns-m\v thsd hn{Klw sImp-hbvpw. hn{K-l-s-bCu-iz-c-\mbn Icp-Xp--Xv; hn{K-l-n _nw_-I-ev]\ sNbvXCu-izchn`q-Xn-bmWv hn{Klw Zin-p `s a\-n\n-d-p-\n-evp--Xv. AhnsS Cuiz-cs\ t`mK-h-kvXp--fp-ambnb-msX

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