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Chapter 7

Locating, Mining, and Citing Sources

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Prewrite

Plan

Rough draft

Proofread

Publish

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Rank the five stages of the writing process in

order of which you find the least to mostdifficult and explain why.

Example -

Publishing is the least difficult stage of the

writing process. It is the easiest because all of

the hard work is done; all that is left to do is

to bring everything together.

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Quality of your research and success of anypaper lies upon locating relevant,significant, reliable, and current sources

Do NOT use information obtained through ageneral search engine

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Secondary Sources

Found in books, periodicals, peer-reviewed journals

Primary Sources Experiments, observations, surveys,

interviews, diaries, letters, observation

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Encyclopedias AVOID WIKIPEDIA Footnote references & external links can be useful

Biographical Sources

Almanacs and Yearbooks Literature Guides and Handbooks

Overviews and Bibliographies

Licensed Databases

www.ccac.edu/library Provides access to peer-reviewed articles

Held in high regards in academia

Refer to pages 212-215 for effective search terms

http://www.ccac.edu/libraryhttp://www.ccac.edu/libraryhttp://www.ccac.edu/library

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Tend to be heavily researched withnumerous notes and references

Generally published by university presses

Authors are university professorsGenerally peer reviewed by other scholars

in field

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Complete and include the answers to theAlleyCat Tutorial

Located on next slide

Located on Weebly

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Web pages fall into 5 types

Business/marketing

Reference/informationNews

Advocacy of a particular POV orprogram

Personal page

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What’s the likelihood that the informationhas been checked by anyone other thanthe author?

What are the author’s qualifications towrite on the subject?

What is the reputation of the publisher?

Who is the author?

What are the biases of the Web site?

How current is the site?

Which topics are included in the site? Towhat extent are the topics covered indepth?

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Magazines

Don’t provide citations so of limited usefulnessfor scholarly research

Newspapers

Level of bias

Books

watch currency

Government publications and other

statistical sources Trust?

Interviews and surveys

Bias (tips pg. 222)

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Working bibliography

Note-taking

Evaluating sources

Authority, currency, relevance, audience,bias

Outlining

Avoid plagiarism

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Used to document sources to avoid

plagiarismConsult OWL at Purdue for up-to-date

formulas

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/

Bibliography generators are like Word anddon’t always catch errors

Demonstrate CCAC bib generator

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/http://owl.english.purdue.edu/http://owl.english.purdue.edu/

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Entries are arranged alphabetically by author, orby title if there is no author

Each entry includes medium of publication ofsource (Print, Web, DVD, etc)

It there is more than one entry per author, worksare arranged alphabetically by title

For second and all additional entries, type threehyphens and a period in place of the author’sname

Link to example on Owl at Purduehttp://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/12/

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/12/http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/12/

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Every source on Works Cited must be mentioned inbody of paper

Every source cited in an in-text citation must beincluded on Works Cited page

First word in each entry of Works Cited must alsoappear in the in-text citation

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The following is an excerpt from an essay:

This disenfranchisement over his “marginalization inAnglo society [affected] his individual psyche”

(Delgadillo 99).------------------------------------------------------------------

Stanko 17

Works Cited

Delgadillo, Theresa. “Forms of Chicana FeministResistance: Hybrid Spirituatlity in AnaCastillo’s So Far From God .” Modern FictionStudies 44.4 (1998):79 – 102. Print.

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In-text citations contain two elements

Last name of author Page number of quoted or paraphrased passage

Information can be placed in parenthesesimmediately after the material being cited

The Spanish tried to reduce the status of Filipina women,who had been able to do business, get divorced, andsometimes become village chiefs (Karnow 41).

Or place author’s name in an attributive tag at thebeginning of the source material and the page

number in parentheses at the end

 According to Karnow, the Spanish tried to reduce the statusof Filipina women, who had been able to do business, getdivorced, and sometimes become village chiefs (41).

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1.

A. Richard A. Hawley reports that although theancient Chinese used marijuana for medicalpurposes, “there is no record of the Chineseusing it as a pleasure-producing drug” (26).

Explanation:In MLA style, the sentence period comes after

the parenthetical citation.

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2.

B. Drugs classified as Schedule I by the DrugEnforcement Administration are illegal, evenfor medical purposes, but they are allowed inauthorized experiments (Henninfield and Ator

63).Explanation:

When a work has two or three authors, allauthors must be named either in a signal

 phrase or in the parenthetical citation.

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3.

B. Nearly half of 1,035 oncologists surveyed in1991 said that if smokable marijuana werelegal for cancer patients, they would prescribeit (“Cross-Eyed” 89).

Explanation:When the author of an article is unknown, a

short form of the title is given in the parenthetical citation.

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4.

A. Marshall explains that marijuana can bedangerous for people with heart conditionsbecause its use “can dramatically increaseheart rate and blood pressure” (Legalization

79).Explanation:

 A short form of the title of the work appears inthe parenthetical citation because two works

by Marshall are given in the works cited list.

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5.

B. The US Drug Enforcement Administration hasallowed marijuana to be used in experiments withpatients suffering from glaucoma. According to oneexpert, “Several studies since 1971 have shownthat smoking marijuana causes the pressure within

the eye to decrease and to remain at a loweredlevel for about five hours” (Marshall, Legalization67).

Explanation:

The author’s name is not given in the signal phrase

( According to one expert )so it appears in the parenthetical citation along with a short form ofthe title of the work and the page number onwhich the quotation may be found.

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6.

A. The Drug Enforcement Administration of theUS Department of Justice reports thatmarijuana use among young people agedtwelve to seventeen in the United States

nearly doubled in the 1990s from 4.3% to8.3%.

Explanation:

For an unpaginated online source, a signal

 phrase giving the author of the source issufficient. The abbreviation “n. pag.”is notnecessary.

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7.

A. According to a report by the United StatesJustice Department’s Drug EnforcementAdministration, marijuana in the 1990s wasabout five times more potent than themarijuana of the 1960s.

Explanation:The signal phrase gives the complete name of

the author of the source, in this case agovernment agency. If the student uses a

 parenthetical citation, it must include thecomplete name under which the work is givenin the list of works cited: (United States,Dept. of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration).

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8.

A. “I consider this [alleviating acute pain andnausea] a need that has to be filled,” saysRabbi Isaac P. Fried of New York of hisadministration of marijuana to suffering

patients. “Should I buckle under the fear of anarchaic law that doesn’t deal with the presentneeds of the 1990’s?” (qtd. In Treaster 38).

Explanation:

When a source is quoted in another source, MLAstyle requires the abbreviation “qtd . in” (for“quoted in”).

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9.

B. Brian Hecht sums up the debate over themedical use of marijuana in three questions:“(1) Is the drug safe? (2) does it work? And (3)How does it compare with other available

drugs?” (8).Explanation:

Because the question mark is in the originalsource, it appears inside the quotation mark

and before the parenthetical citation. A period follows the parentheses.

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10.

A. Fiona A. Campbell et al. present the results ofscientific studies on the effectiveness andsafety of using marijuana for medicalpurposes.

Explanation:In MLA style for a work with more than three

authors, the in-text citation matches theentry in the list of works cited. In this cate,

“et al.” appears after the first author’sname. Alternatively, the student could use allthe authors’ names in the works cited list andthe in-text citation.

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1.

A. “Al Capone.” The History Files. Chicago Hist.Soc., 1999. Web. 9 Oct. 2002.

Explanation:

For a work without an author, a works citedentry begins with the title of the source, notwith “Anonymous.”

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2.

A. Roark, James L., et al. The AmericanPromise: A History of the United States. 2nd

compact ed. Boston: Bedford, 2003. Print.

Explanation:In MLA style, a work with four or more authors

is listed by the name of the first author followed by “et al.” Alternatively, a work can

be listed by the names of all the authors asthey are given in the source.

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3.

A. Biskind, Peter. Easy Riders, Raging Bulls. NewYork: Touchstone-Simon, 1998. Print.

Explanation:

In MLA style, the city of publication precedesthe name of the publisher and the date of publication.

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4.

B. The Godfather . Dir. Francis Ford Coppola.Perf. Marlon Brando and Al Pacino. Paramount,1972. Film.

Explanation:Because the student has used dialogue from the film and has not emphasized one person’scontribution, the MLA works cited entry

begins with the title of the film, not thedirector’s name.

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5.

B. Hamill, Pete. “Dapper Don’s Time Gone.”nydailynews.com. Daily News, 18 June 2001.

Web. 7 Oct. 2002.

Explanation:

Both the date of publication and the date ofaccess are given for an online source.

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6.

A. Biskind, Peter. Easy Riders, Raging Bulls. NewYork: Touchstone-Simon, 1998. Print.

Explanation:

 Although the student has quoted Towne’swords, the book in which the words appearwas written by Biskind, not Towne.

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7.

A. Mobilio, Albert. “Why Organized Crime Isn’tWhat It Used to Be.” Rev. of Gotham

Unbound: How New York City Was Liberated from the Grip of Organized Crime, by

James B. Jacobs. Village Voice. Village Voice, 29Sept. 1999. Web. 30 Sept. 2002.

Explanation:

The works cited entry for a review shouldinclude the words “Rev. of” and the title andauthor of the work reviewed.

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8.

B. Millman, Joyce. “Sympathy for the (Jersey)Devil.” Salon. Com. Salon Media Group, 27Feb. 2001. Web. 1 Oct. 2002.

Explanation:In MLA style for dates, the day precedes the

month, and the day and the month are notseparated from the year with a comma.

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9.

B. Agins, Teri, and Joe Flint. “Mobster Chic: It’sMenswear a la ‘Sopranos,’” Wall Street Journal 10 Mar. 2003: B1. Print.

Explanation:In MLA style, the authors’ names are followed

by the title of the article and then the nameof the newspaper, the date, and the page

number.

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Your essay is 9 pages in length. Create a complete

MLA Works Cited Page using sources listed onWeebly. interview in person with Robert Akins, November 19, 2010

Website article by Dr. Joshua Smith entitled The ManyUses of Pencils. It was published March 22, 2010 andviewed August 3, 2012. The URL is

www.articlesonline.smith/pencils.html Pens vs. Pencils written by Henry Goldman and Elizabeth

Howard. Published by Gold House in Philadelphia in 1989.

The Beauty of Mechanical Pencils by Alexander Morrow,published by Westing Forge in Denver, CO in 2011.

Short video called The Ink of Mystery , directed byBernard Howard and starring Kurt Sherman, distributedby Public Video in November 2009.

Encyclopedia of Style article, “Writing Utensils,” by JohnGruber, published in 2008, 5th edition

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We will work on creating a Works Cited

page in class.

Continue to work on your portfolio

Task #1

Task #2 (we will work with more on Tuesday)

Task #3