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QOCE_K KH NKH KHKIB\B\ \BU_Q ^OM MOUEKI NOHGKH EKMKH

EK@_ \OIONUB - Kqbuc gkvoidoh| I(") NK_H \KIKC -Ougohbk

qdirkh~mk") NKH ^OM MBJK_ -Lkcoibk |bhoh|b|"

Ikqdukh Quk`~b` @bcbk ouqkn kmh Kjkukh 511=$5112

diom @oidcqd` Q@^ ?>:

Ohnkhg \qubrk~hk 1??;1?>75

Ubz`r Knb~rk 1??;1??>>

\fb 1??;1???2

NOQKU^OCOH QOUBHN_\^UBKH UOQ_EIB@ BHNDHO\BK

Q|k~ Qohnbnb`kh nkh Qoik~bmkh Bhn|~ub

\o`dikm Cohohgkm Khkib| @bcbk

Edgdu

511=

b

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IOCEKU QOU\O^_J_KH NKH QOHGO\KMKH

Nb|o~jb nkh nb|km`kh diom:

Qocebcebhg)

M j( Ik~bfkm Keni Njkibi) E(\l(

HBQ 121117=5?

Nb`o~kmb diom:

Wk`bi @oqkik \o`dikm

Ebnkhg Mehgkh @oujk|kck Bhn|~ub)

Ukmckh Kubof) \(^Q(

HBQ 12115;1=2

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@K K QOHGKH^KU

Ikqdukh Quk`~b @bcbk ^ouqkn `oidcqd` ?> nohgkh jni Qoceuk~kh

nkh Khkib|b| \buq ^om Moeki nohgkh Ekmkh Ek`u \oionb) Nkuh \kikc nkh ^om

Mbjku( Ikqdukh bhb nb||h eou~jkh h~` coik~bm `o~oukcqbikh |b|wk nkikc

cocek~ uo`kckh mk|bi `oujk( \oikbh b~) jgk |oekgkb |kikm |k~ |rkuk~ h~`

cohgb ~b Quk`~b` @oujk Bhn|~ub \o`dikm Cohohgkm Khkib| @bcbk Edgdu) ~kmh

kjkukh 511=$5112(

Ikqdukh bhb |olkuk gkub| eo|ku eoub|b ~oh~khg qocek~kh nkh khkib|b| |buq

~om moueki nohgkh ekmkh ek` |oionub) nkh |kikc) nkh ~om mbjk) cikb nkub ekmkh)

qud|o| qocek~kh ckqh khkib|b|) mk|bi khkib|b|) nkh ikbh#ikbh( Mki#mki ~ou|oe~

~ouekgb nkikc qohnkmikh) ~bhjkkh q|~k`k) ekmkh nkh co~dno) mk|bi nkh

qocekmk|kh) |bcqikh nkh |kukh) |ou~k ikcqbukh(

Qjb nkh |r`u qohr|h qkhjk~`kh `oqknk Kiikm \W^ `kuohk eou`k~

ukmck~ nkh mbnkrkm#Hrk) ikqdukh Quk`~b` @bcbk ^ouqkn bhb nkqk~ nb||h( Qknk

`o|ocqk~kh bhb qohr|h bhgbh cohglkq`kh ~oubck `k|bm `oqknk:

;( Dukhg ~k qohr|h rkhg ~oikm coceoub`kh n`hgkh cdubi nkh ck~oubi0

5( Be U( Wbwb Wbnku|bm |oik` @oqkik \o`dikm Cohohgkm Khkib| @bcbk

Edgdu0

( Be Mj( Ik~bfkm Keni Njkibi |oik` qocebcebhg `oidcqd` Q@^ ?>0

?( Nowkh gu nkh |oium |~kf `kurkwkh \o`dikm Cohohgkm Khkib| @bcbk

Edgdu0

b

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6( \ock qbmk` rkhg ~u~ cocekh~ qohr|hkh ikqdukh bhb) rkhg ~oikm

ekhrk` coceoub`kh ekh~kh) ekb` eouqk cdubi ckqh ck~oubi) |ombhggk

qohr|h nkqk~ cohroio|kb`kh Quk`~b` @bcbk ^ouqkn nkh cohroio|kb`kh

ikqdukh bhb(

Ikqdukh rkhg qohr|h ||h bhb) ~bnk`ikm ioqk| nkub `o|kikmkh)

cohgbhgk~ `ockcqkh nkh qohgo~kmkh qohr|h rkhg ~ouek~k|( Diom `kuohk b~)

qohr|h |khgk~ cohgmkukq`kh |kukh nkh `ub~b` qoceklk rkhg nkqk~ cocekhgh

nocb qouekb`kh nb ck|k rkhg k`kh nk~khg(

Qohr|h eoumkukq |ocdgk ikqdukh bhb nkqk~ eouckhfkk~ ekgb `b~k |ock(

Kcbh(

Edgdu) No|oceou 511= Qohr|h

bb

7/23/2019 Pembuatan Dan Analisis Sirup Teh Herbal Dengan Bahan Baku Seledri (Apium Graveolens L.),Daun Salam Dan Teh

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NKF^KU B\B

IOCEKU QOU\O^_J_KH NKH QOHGO\KMKH (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((bb

@K^K QOHGKH^KU ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((b

NKF^KU B\B (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((bbb

NKF^KU KEOI (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((v

NKF^KU GKCEKU ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((vb

EKE B

QOHNKM_I_KH ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((;

EKE BB

^BHJK_KH Q_\^K@K (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((

5( Ekmkh h~` Khkib|b| ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((;>

L( Co~dno (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((;6

;( Co~dno Qocek~kh (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((;6

5( Co~dno Khkib|b| ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((;=

;( Qoho~kqkh _jb @oknkkh (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((;=

5( Qoho~kqkh _jb obhk$@kfobhk co~dno @L@^ ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((;=

( Qoho~kqkh @knku Lockukh Idgkc ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((;2

k( Qoho~kqkh Lockukh Idgkc Qe ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((;2

bbb

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e( Qoho~kqkh Lockukh Idgkc L (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((51

l( Qoho~kqkh Lockukh Idgkc Zh (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((5;

n( Qoho~kqkh Lockukh Idgkc \h (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((5;

o( Qoho~kqkh Lockukh Idgkc Mg (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((55

f( Qoho~kqkh Lockukh Idgkc K| ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((5

k( Qoho~kqkh Khg`k Iocqohg ^d~ki ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((5>

e( Qoho~kqkh Ek`~oub Eoh~` @dib -Ldibfduc" (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((5?

l( Qoho~kqkh O( Ldib ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((56

n( Qoho~kqkh \kicdhoiik |q(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((57

o( Qoho~kqkh @kqkhg @mkcbu ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((5=

6( @knku Gik ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((52

EKE BV

MK\BI NKH QOCEKMK\KH ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((

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NKF^KU ^KEOI

^keoi ;( Hbikb h~ub|b |oionub coh~km qou ;11 gukc qdu|b rkhg nkqk~ nbck`kh((((((((?

keoi 5( @dcqd|b|b `bcbk ~om mbjk((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((=

keoi ( Qoukik~kh h~` khkib|b|((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((;5

^keoi ?( @oe~mkh ekmkh qocek~kh |buq ~om moueki qou 5? ed~di -

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NKF^KU GKCEKU

Gkceku ;( Kqbgohbh(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((7

Gkceku 5( Kqbbh(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((7

Gkceku

7/23/2019 Pembuatan Dan Analisis Sirup Teh Herbal Dengan Bahan Baku Seledri (Apium Graveolens L.),Daun Salam Dan Teh

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EKE B

QOHNKM_I_KH

\buq couqk`kh |kikm |k~ cbhckh rkhg nbgockub ekhrk` dukhg nkh

~oikm cohjknb gkrk mbnq ck|rkuk`k~ ck|k `bhb( Hkch) `oekhrk`kh |buq rkhg

nbqudn`|b mkhrk |buq rkhg eoufhg|b |oekgkb qohgmbikhg nkmkgk ~khqk knkhrk

ckhfkk~ ikbh rkhg nbmk|bi`kh nkub |buq ~ou|oe~(

Nohgkh |ock bh cohbhg`k~hrk `o|knkukh ck|rkuk`k~ k`kh qoh~bhghrk

`o|omk~kh) ck|rkuk`k~ cikb cocbibm qudn` qkhgkh rkhg hk~uki nkh

cohromk~`kh( \ojohb| |buq nkub |oionub) nkh |kikc nkh ~om mbjk |oekgkb qudn`

ki~ouhk~bf rkhg eoufhg|b |oekgkb kh~bd`|bnkh |ou~k eoughk h~` cohjkgk

`o|omk~kh |oekgkb qohlogkm nkh qohkhggikhgkh qohrk b~ nogohouk~bf rkhg

nbkwkib diom eouekgkb gkhggkh co~kedib|co qknk ibqbn -iock`"(

\oionub -Kqbuc gkvodioh| I(" |nkm ikck nb`ohki |oekgkb dek~ mbqou~oh|b(

Nkh |oionub ebk|k nbqk`kb h~` cocqou`krk lb~k uk|k |kjbkh k~k `kin(

^khkckh rkhg |nkm nb`ohki |ojk` |ojkukm kwki Co|bu) Rhkhb nkh Udckwb bhb

|oeohkuhrk ~ouck|` johb| |krukh rkhg nbkcebi ek~khghrk( Co|`b nocb`bkh

nkikc `o||k|~ukkh `hd ~ounkqk~ nd`coh rkhg cohroe~`kh |oionub k~k

~khkckh |ojohb|hrk ~oikm nb~khkc ghk `oqouikh qohgdek~kh |ojk` =?1 \oeoic

Ck|omb( Ebjb ~khkckh k|ib iocekm |hgkb Conb~oukhbkh bhb nbghk`kh diom ~kebe

Kruvonk `hd h~` cohgdek~b nockc) fi) qohrk`b~ qohlouhkkh) eoeoukqk ~bqo

ku~mub~b|) qohrk`b~ ibcqk nkh mk~b(

Ck|rkuk`k~ qono|kkh ~oikm ikck cockhfkk~`kh |oionub |oekgkb dek~ h~`

cohuh`kh qkhk| nohgkh lkuk cohgdio|`kh ~ce`kh nkh |oionub `o `oqkik

;

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurvedahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurveda

7/23/2019 Pembuatan Dan Analisis Sirup Teh Herbal Dengan Bahan Baku Seledri (Apium Graveolens L.),Daun Salam Dan Teh

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khk` rkhg ~ou|oukhg nockc( Kbu qouk|kh |oionub rkhg cocqhrkb |bfk~

cohnbhgbh`kh nbqoulkrk nkqk~ cohnbhgbh`kh `oqkik(

\kikc - Ougohbk qdirkh~mk" couqk`kh |kikm |k~ ~khkckh ~udqb|

Bhndho|bk( ^khkckh |kikc nkqk~ ~cem mbhggk cohlkqkb `o~bhggbkh 21 f~( Nkh

|kikc ebk|khrk nbjknb`kh ece `kuohk nkikc `oknkkh `oubhg k`kh cohgmk|bi`kh

ek rkhg ohk` -m~~q:$$www(lreockgd(ho~"( \oikbh b~) nkh |kikc ekhrk`

nbghk`kh |oekgkb dek~) |oqou~b dek~ nbkuo) dek~ qohrk`b~ qohlouhkkh nkh iockm

ikcehg) |ou~k dek~ nbkeo~o| -\rkc|mbnkrk~ nkh M~kqok) ;22;"(

^om mbjk bkikm ~om rkhg eouk|ki nkub ql` nkh ~om rkhg |oeoichrk

cohgkikcb qockhk|kh nohgkh kq kbu h~` cohdhk`~bf`kh ohzbc#ohzbc rkhg

~ounkqk~ nb nkikc nkh ~om) `ocnbkh nbgihg nkh nb`oubhg`kh( ^om mbjk bhb

nbmk|bi`kh coikib |k~ qud|o| rkhg mkcqbu |kck nohgkh qohgdikmkh ~om mb~kc(

Eonkhrk qocek~kh ~om mbjk bhb ~bnk` coikib qud|o| foucoh~k|b) |ombhggk

wkuhkhrk ck|bm mbjk nkh ck|bm cohgkhnhg ~khbh uoik~bf ~bhggb(

^jkh qocek~kh qudn` |buq moueki nohgkh ekmkh ek` |oionub) nkh

|kikc nkh ~om mbjk knkikm :

;( Cocohmb ~gk| Quk`~b` @bcbk ^ouqkn nkikc `ogbk~kh eoikjku |oco|~ou

VBB0

5( Cohoukq`kh bic bcbk khkib|b| nkh wbuk|kmk0

( Cohgo~kmb qohoubckkh `dh|coh ~oumknkq qudn` cbhckh moueki(

5

5

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EKE BB

^BHJK_KH Q_\^K@K

K( \oionub

^cemkh rkhg eouk|ki nkub Lbhk bhb cocbib`b hkck bicbkm Kqbuc

gkvodioh|( \oionub knkikm ~ouhk `olbi) `ukhg nkub ;c ~bhggbhrk( Nkh ~ou||h

ckjoc` nohgkh ~khg`kb qkhjkhg( ^khg`kb bhb qknk `i~bvku~ou~oh~ nkqk~ |khgk~

eo|ku nkh nbjki |oekgkb |krukh ~ouqb|km nkub nkhhrk( Ek~khghrk ebk|khrk

|khgk~ qohno`( Qknk `oidcqd` enbnkrk ~ou~oh~ coceo|ku coceoh~` ceb)

rkhg jgk nkqk~ nbck`kh( Ehgkhrk ~ou||h ckjoc` eou`kukhg) `mk|Kqbkloko(

Ekmhrk `olbi#`olbi eouwkuhk ld`ik~ goikq( \oionub nkqk~ ~cem nb nkoukm

nk~kukh uohnkm ckqh nk~kukh ~bhggb( Qouekhrk`kh ~khkckh bhb nkqk~ nbik``kh

nohgkh ebjb k~k qbhnkmkh khk`kh -Cmib|km nkh Mohbhg 511>"( @ik|bfb`k|b

~khkckh |oionub eounk|ku`kh m~~q:$$wkubh~o`(qudguo||bd(du(bn$ knkikm:

@bhgndc : Qikh~ko

Nbvb|b : \qouck~dqmr~k

\e nbvb|b : Khgbd|qoucko

@oik| : _ceoiibfouko -Kqbkloko"

Goh| : Kqbc

\qo|bo| : Kqbc gukvoidoh| I

Eounk|ku`kh eoh~` qdmdhhrk) |oionub nb`ik|bfb k|b`kh cohjknb ~bgk

`oidcqd` rkb~ |oionub nkh - K( gkvoidoh| I( vk) |olkibuc Kiof(" rkhg ek~khg

nkh nkhhrk uoik~bf `olbi) nbqkhoh nohgkh lkuk nblke~ eou|kck k`kuhrk k~k

nbqd~dhg ~khg`kbkhrk0 |oionub qd~dhg -K( gkvoidoh| I( vk |rivo|~o Kiof" rkhg

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>

ek~khg nkh nkhhrk uoik~bf eo|ku) nbqkhoh nohgkh lkuk cocd~dhg ek~khghrk0 nkh

|oionub eouceb -K(gkvoidoh|( vk kqklouc Kiof") rkhg ek~khg nkh nkhhrk

uoik~bf eo|ku) nbqkhoh mkhrk nkhhrk( Nb Bhndho|bk cchrk qo~khb cohkhkc

|oionub nkh nkh qd~dhgkh( Vkubo~k| |oionub qd~dhgkh rkhg ekhrk` nb~khkc knkikm

^ii#_~km ?5#71 nkh Gooh Gbkh~-m~~q:$$wkubh~o`(qudguo||bd(du(bn$"(

\oekhrk` ;?6 gdidhgkh `dcqdhoh ~oikm eoumk|bi nbbnoh~bfb k|b nkub

|oionub( Gdidhgkh ~kckhrk knkikm cdhd~ouqoh) ki`dmdi kibfk~b ) `dcqdhoh

`kuedhbi) fohdi) oqd`|bnk kudck~b ) nkh ~uhkh f~kibnk( \olkuk `kh~b~k~bf)

mbnud`kuedh ~ouqoh nkh |o|{ub~oqoh ~ounkqk~ |ojcikm =1 /) cdhd~ouqoh

ki`dmdi |oekhrk` ;1#;? /) |ou~k ~uhkhqm~mkibno nkh `dcqdhoh `kuedhbi ~ouqoh

|oekhrk` ?#;1 /( \ohrkwk ~kck rkhg ~ounkqk~ qknk |oionub knkikm ibcdhoho

-5;> cg$`g") #|oibhoh -7)? cg$`g") co~mrikcbho -6)> cg$`g") nbco~mrikcbho -?

`g$cg")Z#

7/23/2019 Pembuatan Dan Analisis Sirup Teh Herbal Dengan Bahan Baku Seledri (Apium Graveolens L.),Daun Salam Dan Teh

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?

Cohu~ Cu|b~d -;22;") |oium ekgbkh ~khkckh cohgkhnhg gib`d|bnk

kqbbh) b|d{uo|o~bh) ucebiibfodh) ckhhb~o) bhd|b~o) k|qkkgbh) giu~kcbho) lmdibh)

ibhkckd|) |ou~k qud#vb~kcbh K) vb~kcbh E nkh vb~kcbh L( Nkhhrk jgk

cohgkhnhg cbhrk` k~|bub) qud~obh) `ki|bc nkh gkukc fd|fk~( Hbikb h~ub|b |oionub

coh~km qou ;11 gukc qdu|b rkhg nkqk~ nbck`kh) nb|kjb`kh qknk ^keoi ;(

keoi ;( Hbikb h~ub|b |oionub coh~km qou ;11 gukc qdu|b rkhg nkqk~ nbck`kh

@dcqdhoh h~ub|b \k~kh Jcikm

Kbu g 2>)6>

Ohougb `ki ;6

Qud~obh g 1)7?

^d~ki iock` g 1);>

@kuedmbnuk~ g 1)11

Fd|fdu cg 5?)11

Eo|b cg 1)>1

Hk~ubc cg =7)11

@kibc cg 5=7)11

Vb~kcbh K B_ ;)11

^mbkcbho cg 1)1?

Ubedfikvbh cg 1)1>?

Hbklbh) cg cg 1)5 /) |onkhg`kh qknk

~khg`kb nkh ~bgk `kib ioebm ekhrk`( @khnckgc k|kc foohdik~ qknk nkh ~bgk

http://www.ramuracik.com/http://www.ramuracik.com/

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6

`kib ioebm ekhrk` nbekhnbhg`kh qknk ~khg`kb nkh( \oionub `krk k`kh cbhouki nkh

vb~kcbh( Vb~kcbh rkhg ekhrk` nbjcqkb knkikm vb~kcbh E `dcqio`| nkh vb~kcbh

L( Cbhouki qoh~bhg rkhg ~ounkqk~ qknk |oionub knkim qd~k||bc) `ki|bc)

ckgho|bc) fd|fdu nkh eo|b -Wdi|`b o~ ki)5115"( @dcqdhoh ~kck nkikc |oionub

rkhg eou`mk|bk~ h~` cohrocem`kh knkikm >); qou|oh nkh ;> qou|oh nkub khg`k `ol`qkh

vb~kcbh @ nkh vb~kcbh L qou mkub( \oionub jgk ~ouck|` `o nkikc `k~ogdub vor

gddn |oekgkb |ceou `kibc) fdik~) |ouk~ qkhgkh) cdibenohuc) ckhgkh) nkh

vb~kcbh E6( \ocoh~kuk `k~ogdub gddn nbeoub`kh `oqknk |oionub |oekgkb |ceou

`ki|bc) vb~kcbh E;) ckgho|bc) vb~kcbh K) ~bq~dfkh) fd|fdu) vb~kcbh E5) nkh

eo|b(

Zk~ k`~bf rkhg ~ounkqk~ qknk |oionub kh~kuk ikbh : kqbgohbh) kqbbh nkh

|ohrkwk f~kibnk -

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7

E( ^om Mbjk

om couqk`kh |kikm |k~ cbhckh rkhg l`q ikck nb`ohki diom

ck|rkuk`k~( ^bgk johb| ~om rkhg ebk|k nb`dh|c|b knkikm ~om mbjk) ~om ddidhg nkh

~om mb~kc( @o~bgk johb| ~om bhb eoueonk nkikc qud|o| foucoh~k|bhrk( Cohu~

|kmbnb nkh Hklz` -;22?") |o`b~ku 51 / nkub qudn`|b ~om nhbk nkikc eoh~` ~om

mbjk(

^om mbjk nbqoudiom coikib qud|o| bhk`~bvk|b ohzbc qdibfohdi d`|bnk|o

|olku ~oqk~( Bhk`~bvk|b ohzbc qdibfohdi d`|bnk|o nkqk~ nbik``kh nohgkh qud|o|

qockhk|kh `oubhg k~k nohgkh kq( Ohzbc bhb rkhg cohgd`|bnk|b `k~o`bh cohjknb

`dcqio`| dibgdcou fikvdhdbn |oqou~b rkhg ~ounkqk~ qknk ~om ddidhg nkh ~om mb~kc(

@k~o`bh rkhg qkibhg ekhrk` ~ounkqk~ qknk ~om knkikm oqbgkiidlk~olmbh gkiik~o

-OGLG"( D`|bnk|b `k~o`bh ~oujknb |oikck qud|o| qoikrkh nkh qohgoubhgkh

-Ekioh~bho nkh Qko~k#Udebh|dh)5115"( \ock johb| ~om cohgkhnhg `k~o`bh)

k`kh ~o~kqb |kk~ bh ~om mbjk |khgk~ qdqiku `kuohk l`q cocbib`b `khnhgkh

`k~o`bh rkhg ~bhggb nbekhnbhg`kh nohgkh johb| ~om mb~kc |ombhggk eoufhg|b nkqk~

cohlogkm qou~cemkh qohrk`b~ `kh`ou( Ckhfkk~ ikbh nkub ~om mbjk knkikm h~`

cohlogkm nkh cohuh`kh ~o`khkh nkukm ~bhggb) cohuh`kh `knku `dio|~oudi

jkmk~ -INI") uo|b`d ~ou`ohk |~ud`o nkh cohgmki|`kh `ib~(

Cohu~ Kubfbh o~ ki() -;22>") ekmkh#ekmkh `bcbk nkikc nkh ~omnkqk~

nbgdidhg`kh nkikc > `oidcqd`) rkb~ |e|~kh|b fohdi) |e|~kh|b e`kh fohdi)

Gkceku

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=

|e|~kh|b kudck~b| nkh ohzbc( \ohrkwk fohdi ~ounbub nkub ~khhbh -`k~o`bh" nkh

fikvkhbi( @k~o`bh knkikm |ohrkwk qkibhg qoh~bhg qknk nkh ~om( Qouekmkh `knku

`ko`bh |oiki nbmehg`kh nohgkh |ock |bfk~ |onmkh ~om) rkb~ uk|k) wkuhk nkh

kudck( @khnhgkh `k~o`bh eou`b|ku kh~kuk 51

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2

Vb~kcbh @ >1#=1 cg

Vb~kcbh E;5 ;?#5? cg

Bhd|b~di ;)1 cg

-Kh~mdu Jhzmb) ;22< nkikc Khdhrcd|) ;22?"

Kudck ~om ~ougkh~hg qknk `dcqdhoh kwki rkhg ~ounkqk~ qknk nkh

~khkckh ~om) Lkcoibk |bhoh|b|( ^bgk `oidcqd` qoh~bhg knkikm qdibfohdi)

`kud~ohdbn) nkh k|kc iock` ~k` johm( Qdibfohdi couqk`kh `dcqdhoh `mk| qknk

~om mbjk -Ckku|o);22;"(

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L( Nkh \kikc

\kikc - Ougohbk qdirkh~mk" couqk`kh |kikm |k~ ~khkckh ~udqb|

Bhndho|bk( ^khkckh |kikc nkqk~ ~cem mbhggk cohlkqkb `o~bhggbkh 21 f~( Nkh

|kikc ebk|khrk nbjknb`kh ece `kuohk nkikc `oknkkh `oubhg k`kh cohgmk|bi`kh

ek rkhg ohk` -m~~q:$$www(lreouckgd(ho~:$"( \oikbh b~) nkh |kikc ekhkr`

nbghk`kh |oekgkb dek~) |oqou~b dek~ nbkuo) dek~ qohrk`b~ qohlouhkkh nkh iockm

ikcehg) |ou~k dek~ nbkeo~o| -\rkc|mbnkrk~ nkh M~kqok) ;22;"(

Nkh |kikc cohgkhnhg ? ?1 /

|bhodi nkh `dcqdhoh ikbh |oqou~b ibhkiddi) ogohdi) goukhbdi) goukhbi nkh o|~ou

ogohbi) ;##~ouqbhodi) #qbhoh nkh #foikhnubh -fkuuoi) ;221"( Eounk|ku`kh

qohoib~bkh rkhg nbik``kh diom Kubh~kwk~b -5111") `dcqdhoh qoceoh~` kudck

nkh |kikc rkhg qkibhg ekhrk` knkikm gdidhgkh ~ouqohdbn |oekhrk` 51 johb|

-)6 /" rkhg ~onbub k~k| |o|{ub~oqoh |oekhrk` ;> johb| -5?)? /") cdhd~ouqoh

|oekhrk` ? johb| -2); /" nkh nb~ouqoh |oekhrk` ; johb| -;)= /"( \oikbh b~ jgk

nb~oc`kh = johb| kinombnk) 6 johb| `o~dh) 6 johb| k|kc) ? johb| ki`dmdi) > johb|

mbnud`kuedh) 5 johb| o|~ou nkh > johb| `dcqdhoh ikbh rkhg ~bnk` eoumk|bi

nbbnoh~bfb`k|b(

N( Gik

Gik knkikm |k~ b|~bikm cc rkhg |oubhg nbghk`kh |oekgkb qockhb|)

~o~kqb nkikc bhn|~ub qkhgkh ebk|khrk nbghk`kh h~` cohrk~k`kh |`ud|k rkhg

nbqoudiom nkub eb~ k~k ~oe( Gik k~k | ud|k knkikm dibgd|k`kubnk) qdibcou

nohgkh noukjk~ qdibcoub|k|b 5 ;1 nkh ebk|khrk eou|bfk~ iku~ nkikc kbu rkhg

~ounbub nkub nk cdio`i rkb~ gi`d|k nkh fu`~d|k -Wbhkuhd) ;227"(

;1

http://www.cybermago.net/http://www.cybermago.net/

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;;

Gik coceoub`kh fikvdu nkh wkuhk coikib uok`|b edwhbhg |olkuk hdh

ohzbck~b| qknk eouekgkb johb| ck`khkh( Uok`|b kh~kuk gik qouon`|b nohgkh

gg| kcbhk qubcou nb|oe~ uok`|b Ckbiikn rkhg cohgmk|bib`kh wkuhk ld`ik~(

Wkuhk ~ou|oe~ `knkhg#`knkhg nbbhgbh`kh k~k couqk`kh ~khnk qohuhkh c~

-Wbhkuhd) ;227"(

O( K|kc \b~uk~

K|kc |b~uk~ nohgkh uc| `bcbk L6M=D6 couqk`kh k|kc ~ub`kued`|bik~

rkhg cocqhrkb uk|k k|kc rkhg cohrohkhg`kh nkh ~ounkqk~ nkikc eouekgkb

ck`khkh rkhg eoufhg|b |oekgkb qoceoub uk|k k|kc) cohlogkm `ub|~kib|k|b gik)

|ou~k qohjouhbm goi rkhg nbmk|bi`kh( Qohgghkkh k|kc |b~uk~ nkikc bhn|~ub qkhgkh

eoufhg|b |oekgkb k|bnikh -zk~ qohgk|kc"( K|bnikh ~bnk` mkhrk eoufhg|b

|oekgkb qoceoub uk|k k|kc) ~o~kqb eouqoukh jgk |oekgkb qohogk| uk|k nkh wkuhk

k~k cohroiehgb kf~o ~k|~o rkhg ~bnk` nb|`kb) cohlogkm `o~ohgb kh nkh

edwhbhg-Wbhkuhd) ;227"(

;

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EKE BBB

KIK^) EKMKH NKH CO^DNO

K( Qoukik~kh rkhg Nbghk`kh

;( Qoukik~kh Qud|o| Qocek~kh

Qoukik~kh rkhg nbghk`kh nkikc qocek~kh qudn` |buq ~om moueki

nkqk~ nbibmk~ nkikc ~keoi eoub`~:

keoi ( Qoukik~kh h~` khkib|b|

Hd( Kik~ Jcikm

;(

5((

?(

6(

7(

=(

2(

Goik| `olbi

\ohnd`Qbqo~ ;11 ci

Qbkik Goik| >11 ci

Qbkik Goik| =11 ci

Goik| _`u 5? ci

Ike k`ku 5?1 ci

Mbgm Qoufduckhlo Ib{bn Lmudck~dgukqmr

Cblud|rubhgo

5 ekm

5 ekm; ekm

< ekm

< ekm

5 ekm

; ekm

; ekm

; ekm

;5

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; ekm

5 ekm

; ekm

5 ekm

5 ekm

56(

57(

5=(

52(

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E( Ekmkh rkhg Nbghk`kh

;( Ekmkh h~` Qud|o| Qocek~kh

Ekmkh ekmkh rkhg nbghk`kh nkikc qocek~kh qudn` |buq ~om

moueki nkqk~ nbibmk~ nkikc ~keoi eoub`~:

^keoi ?( @oe~mkh ekmkh qocek~kh |buq ~om moueki qou 5? ed~di -

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;?

;>(

;?(

;6(

;7(

;=(

;2(

\~khnku Qe ;111 qqc

\~khnku L ;111 qqc

\~khnku Zh ;111 qqc

\~khnku \h ;111 qqc

\~khnku K| ;111 qqc

\~khnku Mg ;111 qqc

?1 ci

?1 ci

5? ci

7? ci

?1 ci

?1 ci

51(

5;(

55(

5(

5?(

56(57(

5=(

52(

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L( Co~dno

;( Co~dno Qocek~kh

Lkuk qocek~kh |buq ~om moueki |oionub) nkh |kikc nkh ~om mbjk :

;6

Nblkcqu`kh

\oionub : Nkh \kikc : ^om mbjk

- >:

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;7

@o~oukhgkh Qud|o| Qocek~kh

\o~oikm |ock ekmkh rkhg nbqoui`kh ~oikm ~ou|onbk) `ocnbkh ik``kh :

;( Nb~bcekhg ck|bhg#ck|bhg ekmkh ek` rkb~ |oionub) nkh |kikc) nkh ~om

mbjk `oubhg -> g : < g: 5 g" h~` >11 ci kbu) `ocnbkh lkcqu`kh(

5( Nbnbm`kh iku~kh qknk |m ;11dL |oikck ? cohb~(

( Nblkcqu nohgkh ekmkh qockhb| rkb~ gik qk|bu -6? g$;11 ci" nkh

qohgk|kc rkb~ k|kc |b~uk~ - ; g$>11 ci") iki nbkn` mbhggk couk~k(

?( Iku~kh nbnbhgbh`kh) `ocnbkh nb~kcekm`kh o||ohlo dkhgo

-= ci$>11ci"(

6( Nbik``kh qk|~oub|k|b nkh qohgock|kh(

7( Qudn` |buq ~om moueki |oionub) nkh |kikc nkh ~om mbjk ~oikm |bkq(

;7

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;=

5( Co~dno Khkib|b|

_jb nkh khkib|b| rkhg nbik``kh coibq~b:

;( Qoho~kqkh _jb @oknkkh

Nk|ku: _jb @oknkkh nb~o~kq`kh nohgkh co~dno dugkhdioq~b` rkhg

nbnk|ku`kh qknk `ockcqkh qkhlkbhnuk nkikc qohoh~kh ekb` ~bnk`hrk

qohkcqk`kh -wkuhk") ek) nkh uk|k nkub qudn` ~ou|oe~(

5( Qoho~kqkh _jb ^obhk$@kfobhk co~dno @L@^

Nk|ku: ^obhk$`kfobhk nb~o~kq`kh nohgkh co~dno @udck~dgukfb Lkbu

@bhoujk ^bhggb cohgghk`kh `didc ovo|on qmk|o nohgkh fk|o gouk`

effou qd|fk~ : co~khdi -61:>1"(

Lkuk @oujk:

k( Nb~bcekhg ; g ldh~dm `ocnbkh nb~kcekm 5 g CgLD5(

n( Ldh~dm nkh |~khnku `kfobh ?1 qqc nb|kubhg `ocekib cohgghk`h

cbibqdo nkh nbck|``kh `o nkikc vbki(

o( MQIL nbldhnb~bdhbhgnkh nb|o~ fk|o gouk`hrk -effou qd|fk~:co~khdi 3

61:>1" nohgkh 5?> hc(

f ( Ldh~dm nkh |~khnku `ocnbkh nbbhjo`|b`kh `o nkikc MQIL |oekhrk`

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;2

g( Nkub `udck~dgukc rkhg nbqoudiom) ekhnbhg`kh Uo~oh~bdh ^bco ldh~dm

nohgkh |~khnku(

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51

Lkuk @oujk:

k( Nbek~ nouo~ |~khnku 1#6 qqc nkub iku~kh bhn` Qe ;1 qqc `o

nkikc ike `u |oekhrk` 6 ekm(

e( Nbk|kc`kh nohgkh MLi(

l( Ck|bhg#ck|bhg ike `u nbbcqb~`kh(

n( Nbqoub |k ke|duekh|bhrk nohgkh \\K(

o( Nbik``kh mki rkhg |kck h~` qohgoujkkh ldh~dm( Ebik iku~kh

ldh~dm `oum ck`k mku| nbik``kh qud|o| qohrkubhgkh ~ouioebm

nkmi(

e( Qoho~kqkh Lockukh Idgkc L

Uok`|b :

LD + 5MHD< L-HD

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l( Qoho~kqkh Lockukh Idgkc Zh

Uok`|b :

ZhD + 5MHD< Zh-HD1 qqc nkub iku~kh bhn` \h ;1 qqc `o

nkikc ike `u ?1 ci |oekhrk` 6 ekm(

5;

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55

e( Nbk|kc`kh nohgkh MLi(

l( Nbqoub |k ke|duekh|bhrk nohgkh \\K(

n( Nbik``kh mki rkhg |kck h~` qohgoujkkh ldh~dm( Ebik iku~kh

ldh~dm `oum ck`k mku| nbik``kh qud|o| qohrkubhgkh ~ouioebm

nkmi(

o( Qoho~kqkh Lockukh Idgkc Mg

Nk|ku :

Bdh Mg nkikc ldh~dm nkqk~ nbuon`|b diom \hLi5 cohjknb Mg1)

`ocnbkh nb`u |oukqkhhrk qknk qkhjkhg goidcekhg 5? + Mgd

Lkuk @oujk:

k( Nbek~ nouo~ |~khnku h~` qoho~kqkh Mg(

e( Nbqbqo~ ? ci ldh~dm nkikc ike `u ;11 ci(

l ( Nbeemb ; ci M5\D> qo`k~ nkh 1(? ci MHD< qo`k~(

n( Nb~kcekm`kh ;(? ci @5\5D= nkh nbqkhk|`kh |oikck 5 jkc nkikc

qohkhgk| kbu qknk |m 2? dL(

o( Nbnbhgbh`kh qknk |m ukhg nkh nb~kcekm`kh 6 ci

HM5DM(M5\D>(

f ( Nb~kcekm`kh iku~kh \hLi5(

g( Nbqoub |k ke|duekh|bhrk nohgkh \qo`~udfd~dco~ou \oukqkh K~dc(

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f( Qoho~kqkh Lockukh Idgkc K|

Uok`|b :

K|5D< + 6MHD< 5 K|-HD

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?( Qoho~kqkh Lockukh Cb`udek

Nk|ku: Lockukh cb`udek nb~o~kq`kh nohgkh co~dno cb`udebdidgb rkhg

nbnk|ku`kh qknk qou~cemkh johb| ek`~oub ~ou~oh~ nkikc conbk ~ou~oh~

|o~oikm nbbh`ek|b`kh qknk |m rkhg ~ou~oh~ qik |oikck `ukhg ioebm

5>#>= jkc(

k( Qoho~kqkh Khg`k Iocqohg d~ki

Nk|ku :

Qou~cemkh ek`~oub co|dfbi koude |o~oikm ldh~dm nbbh`ek|b`kh nkikc

qoceohbmkh rkhg ldld` |oikck 5> jkc |kcqkb >= jkc qknk |m ekm ~kehg uok`|b(

l (Nbqbqo~ ; ci ldh~dm) `ocnbkh nbck|``kh `o nkikc ~kehg

qohgohloukh ;1#;(

n(Nbqbqo~ ; ci ldh~dm qohgohloukh ;1#; nkh nb~khg`kh `o qo~ub

`ocnbkh nb~khg`kh conbk QLK(

o( Qouik`kh rkhg |kck nbik``kh |kcqkb qohgohloukh ;1#

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5?

Qoumb~hgkh :

e( Qoho~kqkh Ek`~oub Eoh~` @dib -Ldibfduc"

Nk|ku :

Qou~cemkh ek`~oub eoh~` `dib nb~khnkb nohgkh knkhrk gk| nb nkikc

~kehg numkc |o~oikm nbbh`ek|b `o nkikc qoceohbmkh rkhg ldld`

|oikck 5>#>= jkc qknk |m

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56

~bnk` coceoh~` gk| nkikc bh`ek~du qknk |m

jkc) `ocnbkh lk~k~ jcikm ~kehg rkhg coceoh~` gk|(

_jb Qohogk|kh -Ldhfbcon ^o|~"

k Nbqbhnkm`kh |oekhrk` |k~ |ohg`oib~ nkub ~bkq ~kehg rkhg

coceoh~` gk| qknk conbk I\^ `o nkikc ~kehg rkhg eoub|b ;1 ci

Ebiibkh~ Gooh Ikl~d|o Ebiio Ed~m 5 / -EGIE"(

e Nbck|``kh |ock ~kehg `onkikc bh`ek~du qknk |m #>= jkc( Knkhrk gk| qknk ~kehg EGIE ccqou`k~

knkhrk ek`~oub ldibfduc nkikc ldh~dm(

l Nblk~k~ jcikm ~kehg rkhg qd|b~bf gk| qknk jb qohogk|kh(

n Nb~oh~`kh Khg`k Qkibhg Chg`bh nkub Ldibfdc

l( Qoho~kqkhO( Ldib

Nk|ku :

Qou~cemkh ek`~oub eoh~` `dib nb~khnkb nohgkh knkhrk gk| nb nkikc

~kehg numkc |o~oikm nbbh`ek|b `o nkikc qoceohbmkh rkhg ldld`

|oikck 5>#>= jkc qknk |m

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57

n(Nbck|``kh ? ci conbkEbibkh~ Gooh Ikl~d|o Ed~m -EGIE" `o

nkikc ~kehg qouok`|b) iki goiocehg nkuk nkikc ~kehg numkc

nbmbikhg`kh(

o( Nbio~k``kh |ock ~kehg `o nkikc qbkik goik| nkh nb~~q nohgkh

@dukh(

f ( Nbbh`ek|b nkikc bh`ek~du |oikck 5>#>= jkc qknk |m #>= jkc qknk |m #>= jkc

qknk |m

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o( Qoho~kqkh @kqkhg @mkcbu

Nk|ku :

Nkikc |k|khk k|kc -qM ?" nkh nkikc conbkQd~k~do| No}~d|o Kgk

-QNK") `kqkhg nkqk~ ~cem nohgkh ekb`( Nohgkh cohgghk`kh

qohgohloukh ;1#;#;1#< nkh nbbh`ek|b qknk |m 5= L |oikck ekm ~kehg uok`|b(

l (Nbqbqo~ ; ci ldh~dm) `ocnbkh nbck|``kh `o nkikc ~kehg

qohgohloukh ;1#;(

n(Nbqbqo~ ; ci ldh~dm qohgohloukh ;1#; nkh nb~khg`kh `o qo~ub

`ocnbkh nb~khg`kh conbk QNK(

o(Qouik`kh rkhg |kck nbik``kh |kcqkb qohgohloukh ;1#

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6( @knku Gik

Nk|ku :

\k`kud|k knkikm nb|k`kubnk) rkhg kqkebik nbuon`|b k`kh cohgmk|bi`kh

cdhd|k`kubnk rkhg eou|bfk~ qouon`|b( Cdhd|k`kubnk ~ou|oe~ k`kh

couon`|b`kh LD nkikc iku~kh Iff cohjknb L5D( @oioebmkh LD

k`kh nbuon`|b`kh nohgkh @B eouioebm |ombhggk nbioqk|`kh B5( B5 rkhg

nbeoek|`kh ~ou|oe~ nb~b~ku nohgkh iku~kh Hk5\5DD6

Lkuk @oujk :

k( Qou|bkqkh Ldh~dm

;( Ldh~dm nb~bcekhg 5 gukc) nbck|``kh nkikc ike `u 5?1 ci

nb~kcekm kbu) nb`dld`(

5( Nb~kcekm Qe k|o~k~ ek|k iki nbgdkhg qoikh#qoikh(

"5MQD> ;1/ -ebik ~bcei ohnkqkh

q~bm ck`k qohkcekmkh Qe k|o~k~ ek|k |nkm l`q"(

>( Nb~kcekm`kh ;? ci -HM>"5MQD> ;1/( Iku~kh nb~o~o|b ;#5 ~o~o|

-HM>"5MQD> ;1/) ebik ~bnk` ~oueoh~` ohnkqkh ck`k qohkcekmkh

-HM>"5MQD> ;1/ |nkm l`q(

52

+M

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EKE BV

MK\BI NKH QOCEKMK\KH

K( Mk|bi

Mk|bi khkib|b| nbekhnbhg`kh nohgkh \HB Hd( 1;#

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E( Qocekmk|kh

Eounk|ku`kh mk|bi khkib|b|) `knku gik rkhg nbqoudiom ~bnk` cocohmb

|~khnku) k`kh ~o~kqb `knku gik bhb ~bnk` eouqohgkum qknk `oikrk`kh qudn` h~`

nb`dh|c|b( @knku gik bhb eouqohgkum qknk wk`~ `knkiku|k qudn` `kuohk

qudn` rkhg nbek~ ~khqk qohkcekmkh ekmkh qohgkwo~( Eounk|ku`kh `knku gik

rkhg nbqoudiom) |buq rkhg nbqudn`|b ck|` `k~ogdub |buq c~ E) rkb~ |buq

nohgkh `knku gik kh~kuk 61/ # 6?/( Jcikm `kqkhg rkhg mkcqbu cohno`k~b

ek~k| ck`|bcki rkb~ |oeo|ku >1 `didhb$ci nkqk~ nb|oeke`kh `kuohk ~o`hb` k|oq~b`

rkhg `ukhg ekb`(

Nbibmk~ nkub k|qo` o`dhdcb) |buq ~om moueki rkhg nbek~ ikrk` h~`

nbqk|ku`kh `kuohk eounk|ku`kh qouldekkh qohjkikh rkhg nbik``kh) |buq ~om

moueki bhb nkqk~ ~oujki nohgkh mkugk Uq( >(?11)11( \onkhg`kh h~` `oghkkhhrk

|oekgkb dek~ qohuh ~o`khkh nkukm) eoic nkqk~ nbe`~b`kh `kuohk ~bnk`

nbik``kh jb ~oumknkq zk~ k`~bfhrk rkb~ kqbbh) kqbgohbh) nkh

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EKE V

\BCQ_IKH NKH \KUKH

Eounk|ku`kh mk|bi khkib|b| nkh \HB Hd( 1;#

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NKF^KU Q_\^K@K

Khdhbc( 511?( \oionub -Kqbc gukvodioh| I(" nkikc LEH Qd~ki( m~~q:$$

www(leh(ho~(bn( Edgdu : Uke) ;2 Hdvoceou 511= Q`i( ;>(>> WBE(

B|ckbi) @ub|hkhnb( 511?( Qohgkh~k Qk ~b`uc Khkib|b| Bh|~ucoh( Edgdu :

\o`dikm Cohohgkm Khkib| @bcbk Edgdu(

Ibibkhk) Wbhnb( 511?( @kjbkh Qd|o| Qoceuk~kh ^om Moeki nkb \oionb( Edgdu:

Bh|~b~~ Qou~khbkh Edgdu(

Ckmqjb ) C( Kqn)n``( 511?( \bh~o|b| nkh Khkib|b| @dh|oh~k~ Cbhuckh ^om

Mbjku -Lkcoibk |bhoh|b|" \oekgkb Cbhuckh @o|omk~kh( Edgdu: \o`dikm

Cohohgkm Khkib| @bcbk

Qdonjbknb) Khhk( ;22>(Nk|k#Nk|k Cb`debdidgb( Jk`ku~k: _hbvou|b~k| Bhndho|bk

-_B#Quo||"(

\HB 1;#

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IKCQBUKH

Ikcqbukh ;

^keoi KQC qou gukc k~k qou ci nohgkh cohgghk`kh ~bgk ~kehg |o~bkq

qohgohloukh(

Jcikm ~kehg -+" CQH$KQC Jcikm ~kehg -+" CQH$KQC

;1#; ;1#5 ;1#< g$ci ;1#; ;1#5 ;1#< g$ci

1 1 1 < 5 1 5 51

1 1 ; < 5 1 < 56

1 1 5 6 5 ; 1 ;?

1 1 < 2 5 ; ; 51

1 ; 1 < 5 ; 5 57

1 ; ; 6 5 ; <

1 ; 5 2 5 5 1 5;1 ; < ;5 5 5 ; 5=

1 5 1 6 5 5 5

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Ikcqbukh 5

^keoi @dhvou|b cg Gik Cohu~ Iff nkh \lmuddi

Ci ^bd1);111 H

Gi`d|kFu`~d|k -cg"

Gkik`~d|k -cg" Ik`~d|k -cg" Cki~d|k -cg"

;5)>

5)>

5)7

5)=

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Ikcqbukh

^o`hdidgb O`dhdcb

keoi Ebkrk Qudn`|b \buq

Hd( @oqouikh Jcikm Mkugk -Uq"

;( \oionub 5 `g =(111

5( Nkh |kikc ?11 g 5(111

( Gik qk|bu < `g ;2(?11

?( O||ohlo Dkhgo ; ed~di ?(1116( K|kc |b~uk~