8 baghpat 9 ghaziabad 10 gautam buddha nagar 11 … · 57 gorakhpur 58 kushinagar 59 deoria...

1 SAHARANPUR

2 MUZAFFARNAGAR

3 BIJNOR

4 MORADABAD

5 RAMPUR

6 JYOTIBA PHULE NAGAR

7 MEERUT

8 BAGHPAT

9 GHAZIABAD

10 GAUTAM BUDDHA NAGAR

11 BULANDSHAHR

12 ALIGARH

13 MAHAMAYA NAGAR

14 MATHURA

15 AGRA

16 FIROZABAD

17 MAINPURI

18 BUDAUN

19 BAREILLY

20 PILIBHIT

21 SHAHJAHANPUR

22 KHERI

23 SITAPUR

24 HARDOI

25 UNNAO

26 LUCKNOW

27 RAE BARELI

28 FARRUKHABAD

29 KANNAUJ

30 ETAWAH

31 AURAIYA

32 KANPUR DEHAT

33 KANPUR NAGAR

34 JALAUN

35 JHANSI

36 LALITPUR

37 HAMIRPUR

38 MAHOBA

39 BANDA

40 CHITRAKOOT

41 FATEHPUR

42 PRATAPGARH

43 KAUSHAMBI

44 ALLAHABAD

45 BARA BANKI

46 FAIZABAD

47 AMBEDKAR NAGAR

48 SULTANPUR

49 BAHRAICH

50 SHRAWASTI

51 BALRAMPUR

52 GONDA

53 SIDDHARTHNAGAR

54 BASTI

55 SANT KABIR NAGAR

56 MAHRAJGANJ

57 GORAKHPUR

58 KUSHINAGAR

59 DEORIA

60 AZAMGARH

61 MAU

62 BALLIA

63 JAUNPUR

64 GHAZIPUR

65 CHANDAULI

66 VARANASI

67 SANT RAVIDAS NAGAR (BHADOHI)

68 MIRZAPUR

69 SONBHADRA

70 ETAH

PART XII - A

MATHURA

VILLAGE AND TOWN DIRECTORY

DCHB-2011 Part-A : Mathura

i

CENSUS OF INDIA 2011

UTTAR PRADESH

Series 10 Part XII-A

District Census Handbook

Mathura

Village and Town Directory

© Government of India, Copyright

lR;eso t;rs

Directorate of Census Operations, Uttar Pradesh,

Lucknow


iii

MOTIF

SHRI KRISHNA JANAM STHALI

A sacred place of Hindu religion known as the birth place of Loknayak Karmayogi

Bhagwan Shri Krishna. The town of Mathura is acclaimed all over the world for its

tradition, art and culture, civilization, music and spiritual wisdom. According to Hindu

tradition, as illustrated in “Maha Purana Yug Purush”, Lord Krishna emerged in

Mathura in order to vanish ‘Asuras‘. ‘Leela’ of Shri Krishna and Radha reflects true

affection of ‘Gopis’ of Brij Bhumi which seems to be the coinciding point of God and

soul as a symbol of pious relationship. Since long, it had been a center of faith and

belief of millions of people all over the world. On the auspicious day of ‘Janamashtmi’

Mathura, is visited in the month of ‘Bhadra’ (July-August) by unaccounted member of

‘shradhalus’ (Devotees) Janmastmi the date of birth of Lord Krishna is celebrated with

gay and enthusiasm irrespective of caste and creed. All around the ‘sthali’ is an aura of

peace and purity. Here unholy are said to become holy. The tradition is that in order to

get rid of Mathura dwellers, He travelled to Dwarikapuri overnight.

iv

CONTENTS Pages

Foreword ..................................................................................................................................... vi Preface ....................................................................................................................................... viii Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................... ix District Highlights - 2011 Census ………………………………………………………………... ... xii Figures at a Glance………………………………………………………………………………... .. xiii Analytical Note (i) History and scope of the District Census Handbook ............................................................ 2 (ii) Brief history of the district ................................................................................................... 3 (iii) Administrative Setup Jurisdictional Changes (2001-2011)……………………………. 5 (iv) Physical features ................................................................................................................ 7 (v) Census concepts ................................................................................................................ 13 (vi) Non Census concepts ......................................................................................................... 19 (vii) 2011 Census findings ......................................................................................................... 27 (viii) Brief analysis of Primary Census Abstract data .................................................................. 29 (ix) Brief analysis of the Village Directory and Town Directory data ........................................ 61 (x) Major social and cultural events, natural and administrative developments and significant

activities during the decade. ............................................................................................... 70 (xi) Brief description of places of religious, historical or archaeological importance in villages

and places of tourist interest in the towns of the district. ..................................................... 70 (xii) Major characteristics of the district, contribution of the district in the form of any historical

figure associated with the district. ...................................................................................... 71 (xiii) Scope of village and Town Directory – column heading wise explanation and coverage of

data ........................................................................................................................ ………. 72 Village and Town Directory (Section I and II)

Section I - Village Directory (a) Note explaining the abbreviations used in the Village Directory………………………. 76 (b) Statement-List of villages merged in towns and outgrowths at 2011 Census……………. 78 (c) C.D. Block wise presentation of Village Directory Data…………………………………

(i) Map Nandgaon CD Block………….. (Facing Page)….……………………………. 80 (ii) Alphabetical list of villages Nandgaon CD Block………………………………… 81

(iii) Village Directory Nandgaon CD Block…………….………………………………. 83 (i) Map Chhata CD Block (Facing Page)………………………………..……………… 97 (ii) Alphabetical list of villages Chhata CD Block………….…………………………… 98 (iii) Village Directory Chhata CD Block…………………………………………………. 100 (i) Map Chaumuha CD Block…………………………….(Facing Page)………………. 114 (ii) Alphabetical list of villages Chaumuha CD Block ………………………………… 115 (iii) Village Directory Chaumuha CD Block ……………..………………………………. 117 (i) Map Nohjhil CD Block ………………………….. (Facing Page)…………………….. 131 (ii) Alphabetical list of villages Nohjhil CD Block……..………………………………… 132 (iii) Village Directory Nohjhil CD Block …………………….…………………………… 136 (i) Map Mat CD Block …………………………………..(Facing Page)………………… 157 (ii) Alphabetical list of villages Mat CD Block………..………………………………… 158 (iii) Village Directory Mat CD Block …………………………………………………… 160 (i) Map Raya CD Block………………………………….(Facing Page)……………….. 174 (ii) Alphabetical list of villages Raya CD Block………………………………………. 175


v

(iii) Village Directory Raya CD Block …………………………………………………. 178 (i) Map Baldeo CD Block ………………………………..acing Page)………………… 192 (ii) Alphabetical list of villages Baldeo CD Block…….………………………………… 193 (iii) Village Directory Baldeo CD Block …………………………………………………… 196 (i) Map Govardhan CD Block…………………………….(Facing Page)……………….. 217 (ii) Alphabetical list of villages Govardhan CD Block……………………………………. 218 (iii) Village Directory Govardhan CD Block ……………………………………………. 220 (i) Map Mathura CD Block …………………………. (Facing Page)………………… 234 (ii) Alphabetical list of villages Mathura CD Block……………………………………… 235 (iii) Village Directory Mathura CD Block ……………………………………………… 238 (i) Map Farah CD Block……………………………. (Facing Page)……………….. 252 (ii) Alphabetical list of villages Farah CD Block……………………………………. 253 (iii) Village Directory Farah CD Block ……………………………………………. 255

(c) Appendices to village Directory

Appendix-I Summary showing total number of villages having Educational, Medical and other amenities in villages – C.D. Block level. ................................ 269

Appendix-I A Villages by number of Primary Schools. ................................................. 273 Appendix-I B Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools. ............................. 274 Appendix-I C Villages with different sources of drinking water facilities available. ...... 275 Appendix-II Villages with 5,000 and above population which do not have one or more

amenities available…………….. .............................................................. 276 Appendix-III Land utilization data in respect of Census towns. ..................................... 278 Appendix-IV C.D. Block wise list of inhabited villages where no amenity other than

drinking water facility is available. ........................................................ 278 Appendix-V Summary showing number of Villages not having Scheduled Caste

population. ............................................................................................. 279 Appendix-VI Summary showing number of Villages not having Scheduled Tribe

population. ............................................................................................. 280 Appendix-VII A List of villages according to the proportion of the Scheduled Castes to the

total population by ranges. ...................................................................... 281 Appendix-VII B List of villages according to the proportion of the Scheduled Tribes to the

total population by ranges. ...................................................................... 303 Section II - Town Directory Note explaining the abbreviations used in Town Directory 2011Census ................................. 326 (Town Directory Statements (I to VII) Statement-I Status and Growth History ...................................................................... 330 Statement-II Physical aspects and location of towns, 2009 .......................................... 339 Statement-III Civic and other amenities, 2009 .............................................................. 341 Statement-IV Medical Facilities, 2009 .......................................................................... 344 Statement-V Educational, Recreational and cultural facilities, 2009 ............................. 346 Statement-VI Industry and banking, 2009 ..................................................................... 352 Statement-VII Civic and other amenities in slums, 2009 ................................................ 356

vi

FOREWORD The District Census Handbook (DCHB) is an important publication of the Census Organization since 1951. It contains both Census and non Census data of urban and rural areas for each District. The Census data provide information on demographic and socio-economic characteristics of population at the lowest administrative unit i.e. of each Village and Town and ward of the District. The Primary Census Abstract (PCA) part of this publication contains Census data including data on household amenities collected during 1st.phase of the Census i.e. House Listing and Housing Census. The non Census data presented in the DCHB is in the form of Village Directory and Town Directory contain information on various infrastructure facilities available in the village and town viz; education, medical, drinking water, communication and transport, post and telegraph, electricity, banking, and other miscellaneous facilities. Later on, the Telegraph Services were closed by the Government of India on 15th. July, 2013. The data of DCHB are of considerable importance in the context of planning and development at the grass-root level. 2. In the 1961 Census, DCHB provided a descriptive account of the District, administrative statistics, Census tables and Village and Town Directory including Primary Census Abstract. This pattern was changed in 1971 Census and the DCHB was published in three parts: Part-A related to Village and Town Directory, Part-B to Village and Town PCA and Part-C comprised analytical report, administrative statistics, District Census tables and certain analytical tables based on PCA and amenity data in respect of Villages. The 1981 Census DCHB was published in two parts: Part-A contained Village and Town Directory and Part-B the PCA of Village and Town including the SCs and STs PCA up to Tahsil/Town levels. New features along with restructuring of the formats of Village and Town Directory were added. In Village Directory, all amenities except electricity were brought together and if any amenity was not available in the referent Village, the distance in broad ranges from the nearest place having such an amenity, was given. 3. The pattern of 1981 Census was followed by and large for the DCHB of 1991 Census except the format of PCA. It was restructured. Nine-fold industrial classification of main workers was given against the four-fold industrial classification presented in the 1981 Census. In addition, sex wise population in 0-6 age group was included in the PCA for the first time with a view to enable the data users to compile more realistic literacy rate as all children below 7 years of age had been treated as illiterate at the time of 1991 Census. One of the important innovations in the 1991 Census was the Community Development Block (CD Block) level presentation of Village Directory and PCA data instead of the traditional Tahsil/Taluk/PS level presentation. 4. As regards DCHB of 2001 Census, the scope of Village Directory was improved by including some other amenities like banking, recreational and cultural facilities, newspapers & magazines and `most important commodity’ manufactured in a Village in addition to prescribed facilities of earlier Censuses. In Town Directory, the statement on Slums was modified and its coverage was enlarged by including details on all slums instead of ‘notified slums’. 5. The scope and coverage of Village Directory of 2011 DCHB has been widened by including a number of new amenities in addition to those of 2001. These newly added amenities are: Pre-Primary School, Engineering College, Medical College, Management Institute, Polytechnic,


vii

Non-formal Training Centre, Special School for Disabled, Community Health Centre, Veterinary Hospital, Mobile Health Clinic, Medical Practitioner with MBBS Degree, Medical Practitioner with no degree, Traditional Practitioner and faith Healer, Medicine Shop, Community Toilet, Rural Sanitary Mart or Sanitary Hardware Outlet in the Village, Community Bio- gas, Sub Post Office, Village Pin Code, Public Call Office, Mobile Phone Coverage, Internet Cafes/ Common Service Centre, Private Courier Facility, Auto/Modified Autos, Taxis and Vans, Tractors, Cycle-pulled Rickshaws, Carts driven by Animals, Village connected to National Highway, State Highway, Major District Road, and Other District Road, Availability of Water Bounded Macadam Roads in Village, ATM, Self-Help Group, Public Distribution System(PDS) Shop, Mandis/Regular Market, Weekly Haat, Agricultural Marketing Society, Nutritional Centers (ICDS), Anganwadi Centre, ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist), Sports Field, Public Library, Public Reading Room, Assembly Polling station, Birth & Death Registration Office. In the Town Directory, seven Statements containing the details and the data of each Town have been presented viz.; (i)-Status and Growth History of Towns,(ii)- Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, (iii)-Civic and other Amenities, (iv)-Medical Facilities, (v)-Educational, Recreational & Cultural Facilities, (vi)- Industry & Banking, and (vii)- Civic & other amenities in Slums respectively. CD Block wise data of Village Directory and Village PCA have been presented in DCHB of 2011 Census as presented in earlier Census. 6. The data of DCHB 2011 Census have been presented in two parts, Part-A contains Village and Town Directory and Part-B contains Village and Town wise Primary Census Abstract. Both the Parts have been published in separate volumes in 2011 Census. 7. The Village and Town level amenities data have been collected, compiled and computerized under the supervision of Smt. Neena Sharma,(IAS), Director of Census Operations Uttar Praesh. The task of Planning, Designing and Co-ordination of this publication was carried out by Dr. Pratibha Kumari, Assistant Registrar General (SS) under the guidance & supervision of Dr. R.C.Sethi, Ex-Addl. RGI and Shri Deepak Rastogi present Addl.RGI. Shri A.P. Singh, Deputy Registrar General, (Map) provided the technical guidance in the preparation of maps. Shri A.K. Arora, Joint Director of Data Processing Division under the overall supervision of Shri M.S.Thapa, Addl. Director (EDP) provided full cooperation in preparation of record structure for digitization and validity checking of Village and Town Directory data and the programme for the generation of Village Directory and Town Directory including various analytical inset tables as well as Primary Census Abstract (PCA). The work of preparation of DCHB, 2011 Census has been monitored in the Social Studies Division. I am thankful to all of them and others who have contributed to bring out this publication in time. New Delhi. (C.Chandramouli) Dated:- 16-06-2014 Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India

viii

Preface The District Census Handbook (DCHB) published by Census Organisation since 1951 Census, is one of the

important publications in the context of planning and development at gross-root level. The publication, which is brought out for each district, contains several demographic and socio-economic characteristics (village-wise and town-wise) of the district along with the status of availability of assets, amenities, infrastructural facilities, etc of Households. It is expected that this publication will help the planners in formulation of micro level development plans.

The District Census Handbooks (DCHBs) are brought out in two parts giving village and town wise data for each district. The Part–A contains non-census data for each Village and Town and is called Village and Town Directories. The Part-B provides census data for rural areas up to the village level and for urban areas up to the ward level for each town or city in the shape of Primary Census Abstracts.

The present series of 2011 census DCHBs known as “DCHB-Part-A. The village and town level amenity data have been collected in pre printed scheduled which was filled up by the district administration and compiled and computerized in prescribed record structure. The DCHB is to provide a descriptive account of the district along with motif and history, highlighting significant characteristic of the district, administrative setup, certain analytical report based on PCA and amenity data and village and town directory including the SCs and STs PCA up to tahsil/town levels as annexure. The data of C.D. Block (Vikas Khand) are at rural/urban and village levels are being presented in this volume. In Village Directory, all amenities were brought together and if any amenity was not available in the referent village, the distance in broad ranges from the nearest place having such an amenity, was given. This includes educational facilities, medical facilities, drinking water, post & telegraph, communication, bank, credit societies and recreational facilities being availed by the respective villagers. In Town Directory, the information of all statutory towns irrespective of their class, and basic amenities available in the towns are analyzed in depth with the help of a number of cross-classified inset tables and statements which reveals the significant characteristic of the Towns.

I am grateful to the Chief Secretary, Government of Uttar Pradesh and Principal Secretary and his team of General Administration Department Government of Uttar Pradesh in facilitating the required administrative support by getting directions issued to the district authorities required for effective conduct of this colossal task in the biggest state of the country in terms of population. I am thankful to the Commissioner (Rural Development), all the District Magistrates, Additional District Magistrates (Finance and Revenue), Tahsildars and Executive Officers of Government of Uttar Pradesh along with their subordinate staff need to be especially thanked and commended for their full cooperation and strict execution of issued instructions by ensuring time-lines and regular compliance.

I am also thankful to Dr. C. Chandramouli, Ex -Registrar General and Census Commissioner, and Shri Deepak Rastogi, Ex -Additional Registrar General of India for his valuable guidance & co-operations.

I extend my sincere gratitude to Shri Sailesh, Additional Secretary and Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India for his valuable guidance, constant support and co-operations to facilitating this. I acknowledge the guidance & co-operations of Shri Kameshwar Ojha, Additional Registrar General of India.

I am also thankful to Dr. Pratibha Kumari, Deputy Registrar General, Social Studies and her team for guidance and co-ordination. I acknowledge the support & co-operations of Shri A.K.Samal, Joint Director & his team and Shri A.K. Arora, Joint Director (EDP) and his team for processing of data without their untiring efforts and supports we could not have completed the district census handbook within time.

The Director of Census Operations, Uttar Pradesh, Smt. Neena Sharma, lAS, under her guidance, the entire operations were carried out deserves all credit for its success, but she was repatriated to the State Government for taking up some other important assignments before this volume could be made available. The preparation of District Census Hand Book Part A is done under the supervision of Shri Mohammad Ahmad, Deputy Director, and Dr. S.S. Sharma, Assistant Director of Census Operations. I heartily acknowledge and appreciate their hard work to make this successful.

I also acknowledge all officers/officials of Census, Data Center (DDE), DCH and Map Sections, who are directly and indirectly associated with this project. I thank all of them for their unstinted support and co-operation. I also acknowledge and appreciate hard work of those officers, whose name are given in the acknowledgment for writing of analytical note and preparing their Master Copy/CRC of District Census Handbook, Part-A-2011

Lucknow Pradeep Kumar 28' March, 2016 Joint Director/Controlling Officer Directorate of Census Operation, Uttar Pradesh


ix

Acknowledgment

Officer/Official Associated for Preparation of DCHB 2011 Part-A Work in Directorate of Census Operations, Uttar Pradesh

Name of Officer/Official (Shri/Smt./Km.) Designation

Guidance Pradeep Kumar Joint Director Co-ordinations A M Ansari Joint Director (EDP)

Monitoring & Technical Supervision and Finalization of Publication

Mohd. Ahmad Deputy Director Dr.S.S.Sharma Assistant Director

DCH Section

Finalization of Town Directory /Village Directory Data and Checking of Tables,

Statements and Annexure

Mohd. Ahmad Deputy Director Dashrath Singh Deputy Director Pratap Singh Deputy Director Dr.S.S.Sharma Assistant Director Arun Kumar Assistant Director S.K.Mishra Assistant Director

Formatting and Editing of CRC

Vandana Tiwari Statistical Investigator Grade I Sanjay Kumar Statistical Investigator Grade I Saubhagya Srivastava Sr. Complier

x

Acknowledgment

Name of Officers Associated for writing of Analytical Note and Preparing of Master Copy/CRC of District Census Handbook, Part-A-2011

Distt _Code

Name of Allotted District for Preparation of

Analytical Note and Master copy

Name of Officer and Designation

Shri/ Smt

Distt _Code

Name of Allotted District for

Preparation of Analytical Note

and Master copy

Name of Officer and Designation Shri/ Smt

01 SAHARANPUR, Mohd. Ahmad , DDCO

21 SHAHJAHANPUR Ram Murti, ADCO

02 MUZAFFARNAGAR Mohd. Ahmad , DDCO

22 KHERI Ram Murti, ADCO

03 BIJNOR Mohd. Ahmad , DDCO

23 SITAPUR Ram Murti, ADCO

04 MORADABAD Mohd. Ahmad , DDCO

24 HARDOI Ram Murti, ADCO

05 RAMPUR Mohd. Ahmad , DDCO

25 UNNAO Santosh k. Misra, ADCO

06 JYOTIBA PHULE NAGAR Mohd. Ahmad , DDCO

26 LUCKNOW Santosh k. Misra, ADCO

07 MEERUT Dr. S.S. Sharma, ADCO

27 RAE BARELI Dashrath Singh, DDCO

08 BAGHPAT Dr. S.S. Sharma, ADCO

28 FARRUKHABAD Santosh k. Misra, ADCO

09 GHAZIABAD Dr. S.S. Sharma, ADCO

29 KANNAUJ Santosh k. Misra, ADCO

10 GAUTAM BUDDHA NAGAR

Dr. S.S. Sharma, ADCO

30 ETAWAH Santosh k. Misra, ADCO

11 BULANDSHAHR Dr. S.S. Sharma, ADCO

31 AURAIYA Santosh k. Misra, ADCO

12 ALIGARH Dr. S.S. Sharma, ADCO

32 KANPUR DEHAT Manju Gupta, ADCO

13 MAHAMAYA NAGAR A.K. Rai , ADCO

33 KANPUR NAGAR Manju Gupta, ADCO

14 MATHURA A.K. Rai , ADCO

34 JALAUN Dashrath Singh, DDCO

15 AGRA A.K. Rai , ADCO

35 JHANSI Dashrath Singh, DDCO

16 FIROZABAD A.K. Rai , ADCO

36 LALITPUR Manju Gupta, ADCO

17 MAINPURI A.K. Rai ,ADCO

37 HAMIRPUR Manju Gupta, ADCO

18 BUDAUN A.K. Rai , ADCO 38 Mahoba Dashrath Singh, DDCO

19 BAREILLY Ram Murti, ADCO 39 BANDA Manju Gupta, ADCO

20 PILIBHIT Ram Murti, ADCO 40 CHITRAKOOT Dashrath Singh, DDCO


xi

Acknowledgment

Name of Officers Associated for writing of Analytical Note and Preparing of Master Copy/CRC of District Census Handbook, Part-A-2011

Distt _Code

Name of Allotted District for Preparation of Analytical Note and

Master copy


Shri/ Smt Distt

_Code

Name of Allotted District for

Preparation of Analytical Note and

Master copy


Shri/ Smt

41 FATEHPUR Manju Gupta, ADCO 57 GORAKHPUR Arun Kumar, ADCO

42 PRATAPGARH A.K.S.Somvanshi, AD(EDP) 58 KUSHINAGAR Arun Kumar, ADCO

43 KAUSHAMBI A.K.S.Somvanshi, AD(EDP) 59 DEORIA Arun Kumar, ADCO

44 ALLAHABAD A.K.S.Somvanshi, AD(EDP) 60 AZAMGARH Arun Kumar, ADCO

45 BARA BANKI A.K.S.Somvanshi, AD(EDP) 61 MAU Atul Verma, ADCO

46 FAIZABAD A.K.S.Somvanshi, AD(EDP) 62 BALLIA Atul Verma, ADCO

47 AMBEDAKER NAGAR Dashrath Singh, DDCO 63 JAUNPUR Atul Verma, ADCO

48 SULTANPUR A.K.S.Somvanshi, AD(EDP) 64 GHAZIPUR Atul Verma, ADCO

49 BAHRAICH Suresh Chandra, DDCO 65 CHANDAULI Atul Verma, ADCO

50 SHRAWASTI Suresh Chandra, DDCO 66 VARANASI Atul Verma, ADCO

51 BALRAMPUR Suresh Chandra, DDCO 67 SANT RAVIDAS NAGAR BHADOHI

A.A. Khan, S.I Gr. I

52 GONDA Suresh Chandra, DDCO 68 MIRZAPUR A.A. Khan, S.I Gr. I

53 SIDDHARTHNAGAR Suresh Chandra, DDCO 69 SONBHADRA A.A. Khan, S.I Gr. I

54 BASTI Suresh Chandra, DDCO 70 ETAH A.A. Khan, S.I Gr. I

55 SANT KABIR NAGAR Arun Kumar, ADCO 71 KANSHIRAM NAGAR

A.A. Khan, S.I Gr. I

56 MAHARAJGANJ Arun Kumar, ADCO

xii

District Highlights - 2011 Census

1. District Mathura ranks 37th in terms of population in the state.

2. The percentage share of urban population in the district is 29.7 percent as against 22.3 percent of the population in urban areas of the state.

3. Mathura district has population density of 763 persons per sq.km. which is less than the state average of 829 persons per sq. km.

4. Mathura district ranks 66th in terms of sex ratio (863) which is less than the state average of 912 females per thousand males.

5. Mathura district ranks 30th in literacy with 70.4 percent which is higher than the state average of 67.7 percent.

6. There are 144 uninhabited villages out of total 874 villages in the district.

7. Decadal growth rate of the district is 22.8 percent which is higher to the state average of 20.2 percent.

8. Mathura tahsil has the highest number of inhabited villages (216) while Mahavan tahsil has the lowest number (148) of inhabited villages.

9. The district has 25 towns out of them 17 are statutory and 8 census towns. Neither any statutory town has been added, merged nor declassified after 2001 census.

10 There are 423,125 households in the district accounting for 1.3 percent of the total households in the state. The average size of households in the district is 6.0 persons.

PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACTFIGURES AT A GLANCE

DISTRICT Mathura

2001 2011 Variation3 4 1

19 25 617 17 02 8 6

880 874 -6No. of Households Normal 315,187 418,473 103,286

Institutional 1,526 3,224 1,698Houseless 657 1,428 771

Total Rural Urban Total Rural UrbanPersons 2,547,184 1,791,191 755,993 100.0 70.3 29.7Males 1,367,125 962,028 405,097 100.0 70.4 29.6Females 1,180,059 829,163 350,896 100.0 70.3 29.7

Total Rural Urban Total Rural UrbanPersons 472,668 303,698 168,970 22.8 20.4 28.8Males 239,613 152,082 87,531 21.3 18.8 27.6Females 233,055 151,616 81,439 24.6 22.4 30.2

3,340.0 3,185.7 154.3763 562 4,899863 862 866


870 873 861

Total Rural Urban Total Rural UrbanPersons 1,507,746 1,021,669 486,077 70.4 68.6 74.5Males 943,346 658,485 284,861 82.0 82.2 81.5Females 564,400 363,184 201,216 56.9 52.7 66.4


Total Rural Urban Total Rural UrbanPersons 485 144 341 37.7 58.1 32.8Males 303 93 210 43.1 72.7 36.5Females 182 51 131 31.1 42.5 28.2


Total Rural Urban Total Rural UrbanPersons 1,520 313 1,207 0.1 0.0 0.2Males 826 163 663 0.1 0.0 0.2Females 694 150 544 0.1 0.0 0.2

Percentage

Decadal change 2001-2011 Percentage

No.of Sub-DistrictsNo.of TownsNo.of Statutory TownsNo.of Census TownsNo.of Villages

Absolute

Sex RatioChild Population in the age group 0-6 years

Percentage to total population

Child Sex RatioLiterates Literacy rate

Literates Scheduled Caste Literacy rate

Scheduled Caste population

Scheduled Tribe population Percentage to total population

Literates Scheduled Tribe Literacy rate


xiii

Absolute

Absolute

Absolute

Absolute

Absolute

DISTRICT

Area in Sq. Km.Density of Population

Absolute

Absolute

Total population

Total Rural Urban Total Rural UrbanPenons 840,939 615,471 225,468 33.0 34.4 29.8Males 635,142 442,603 192,539 46.5 46.0 47.5Females 205,797 172,868 32,929 17.4 20.8 9.4

Total Rural Urban Total Rural UrbanPenons 594,799 414,059 180,740 70.7 67.3 80.2Males 506,317 345,877 160,440 79.7 78.1 83.3Females 88,482 68,182 20,300 43.0 39.4 61.6




Total Rural Urban Total Rural UrbanPersons 1,706,245 1,175,720 530,525 67.0 65.6 70.2Males 731,983 519,425 212,558 53.5 54.0 52.5Females 974,262 656,295 317,967 82.6 79.2 90.6





Work Participation Rate

Absolute

Absolute

Percentage to total marginal workers

Absolute

Absolute


Marginal Workers (3-6 months)

Percentage to total workers

Marginal Workers Percentage to total workers

Marginal Workers (Less than 3 months)

Total Agricultural Labourers

Total Household Industry Workers

Absolute

Absolute

AbsoluteTotal Workers

Main Workers

xiv

Absolute

Workers and Non Workers

Category of workers (Main+Marginal)

Total Other Workers Percentage to total workers



Percentage to total marginal workers

Total Cultivators Percentage to total workers

Absolute

Absolute

Non Workers

PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACTFIGURES AT A GLANCE

Uttar Pradesh

State 2001 2011 Increase

70 71 1 300 312 12 704 915 211 638 648 10

66 267 201 107,452 106,774 (-)678

No. of Households Normal 25,644,759 33,232,433 7,587,674Institutional 69,848 143150 73,302Houseless 43,033 72,452 29,419

Total Rural Urban Total Rural UrbanPersons 199,812,341 155,317,278 44,495,063 100.0 77.7 22.3 Males 104,480,510 80,992,995 23,487,515 100.0 77.5 22.5 Females 95,331,831 74,324,283 21,007,548 100.0 78.0 22.0


240,928.00 233,365.71 7,562.29829 666 5,884912 918 894


902 906 885


Total Rural Urban Total Rural UrbanPersons 20,948,471 17,653,671 3,294,800 60.9 59.8 67.5Males 12,958,341 10,994,315 1,964,026 71.8 71.1 75.6Females 7,990,130 6,659,356 1,330,774 48.9 47.3 58.2

Persons 516,553 457,048 59,505 55.7 54.5 67.0Males 318,528 283,110 35,418 67.1 66.2 74.8Females 198,025 173,938 24,087 43.7 42.3 58.0


Total Rural Urban Total Rural UrbanPersons 1,134,273 1,031,076 103,197 0.6 0.7 0.2 Males 581,083 526,315 54,768 0.6 0.6 0.2 Females 553,190 504,761 48,429 0.6 0.7 0.2

No. of DistrictsNo. of Sub-DistrictsNo. of Towns No. of Statutory Towns No. of Census Towns No. of Villages

Child Population in the age group 0-6 years Absolute Percentage to total population

Total population Absolute Percentage

Decadal change 2001-2011 Absolute Percentage

Area in Sq. Km.Density of Population Sex Ratio

Literates Scheduled Tribe Absolute Literacy rate

Child Sex Ratio Literates Absolute Literacy rate

Literates Scheduled Caste Absolute Literacy rate

Scheduled Caste population Absolute Percentage to total population

Scheduled Tribe population Absolute Percentage to total population

xv



Total Rural Urban Total Rural UrbanPersons 21,179,223 18,412,163 2,767,060 32.2 35.4 20.0 Males 12,426,463 10,540,532 1,885,931 24.9 27.5 16.4 Females 8,752,760 7,871,631 881,129 54.8 57.9 37.2

Total Rural Urban Total Rural UrbanPersons 16,885,149 14,491,868 2,393,281 79.7 78.7 86.5 Males 10,156,804 8,531,773 1,625,031 81.7 80.9 86.2 Females 6,728,345 5,960,095 768,250 76.9 75.7 87.2

Total Rural Urban Total Rural UrbanPersons 4,294,074 3,920,295 373,779 20.3 21.3 13.5 Males 2,269,659 2,008,759 260,900 18.3 19.1 13.8 Females 2,024,415 1,911,536 112,879 23.1 24.3 12.8

Total Rural Urban Total Rural UrbanPersons 133997626 103366298 30631328 67.1 66.6 68.8Males 54633748 42640116 11993632 52.3 52.6 51.1Females 79363878 60726182 18637696 83.3 81.7 88.7

Total Rural Urban Total Rural UrbanPersons 19,057,888 18,500,982 556,906 29.0 35.6 4.0 Males 15,511,533 15,030,284 481,249 31.1 39.2 4.2 Females 3,546,355 3,470,698 75,657 22.2 25.5 3.2

Total Rural Urban Total Rural UrbanPersons 19,939,223 18,910,579 1,028,644 30.3 36.4 7.4 Males 13,803,442 12,957,833 845,609 27.7 33.8 7.4 Females 6,135,781 5,952,746 183,035 38.4 43.8 7.7

Total Rural Urban Total Rural UrbanPersons 3,898,590 2,687,850 1,210,740 5.9 5.2 8.7 Males 2,354,136 1,494,896 859,240 4.7 3.9 7.5 Females 1,544,454 1,192,954 351,500 9.7 8.8 14.8


Workers and Non WorkersTotal Workers Absolute Work Participation Rate

Marginal Workers(Less than 3 months)

Absolute Percentage to total marginal workers

Main Workers Absolute Percentage to total workers

Marginal Workers Absolute Percentage to total workers

Marginal Workers(3-6 months)

Absolute Percentage to total marginal workers

Total Household Industry Workers Absolute Percentage to total workers

Non Workers Absolute Percentage to total population

Category of workers (Main+Marginal)Total Cultivators Absolute Percentage to total workers

Total Agricultural Labourers Absolute Percentage to total workers

xvi

Total Other Workers Absolute Percentage to total workers


1

ANALYTICAL NOTE


2

(i) History and Scope of the District Census Handbook The need of data at the grass root level for the administrative and planning purposes at sub micro level as well as academic studies prompted the innovation of District Census Handbook. District Census Handbook is a unique publication from the Census organization which provides most authentic details of census and non-census information from village and town level to district level. The District Census Handbook was firstly introduced during the 1951 Census. It contains both census and non census data of urban as well as rural areas for each district. The census data contain several demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the lowest administrative unit i.e. of each village and town and ward of the district. The non census data comprise of data on availability of various civic amenities and infrastructural facilities etc. at the town and village level which constitute Village Directory and Town Directory part of the DCHB. The data of DCHB are of considerable importance in the context of planning and development at grass-root level. In 1961 census DCHB provided a descriptive account of the district, administrative statistics, census tables and village and town directory including Primary Census Abstract. This pattern was changed in 1971 Census and the DCHB was published in three parts: Part-A related to village and town directory, Part-B to village and town PCA and Part-C comprised analytical report, administrative statistics, district census tables and certain analytical tables based on PCA and amenity data in respect of villages. The1981 census DCHB was published in two parts: Part-A contained village and town directory and Part-B the PCA of village and town including the SCs and STs PCA up to tahsil/town levels. New features along with restructuring of the formats of village and town directory were added into it. In Village Directory, all amenities except electricity were brought together and if any amenity wasn’t available in the referent village, the distance in broad ranges from the nearest place having such an amenity, was given. The pattern of 1981 census was followed by and large for the DCHB of 1991 Census except the format of PCA. It was restructured. Nine-fold industrial classification of main workers was given against the four-fold industrial classification presented in the 1981 census. In addition, sex wise population in 0-6 age group was included in the PCA for the first time with a view to enable the data users to compile more realistic literacy rate as all children below 7 years of age had been treated as illiterate at the time of 1991census. One of the important innovations in the 1991 census was the Community Development Block (CD Block) level presentation of village directory and PCA data instead of the traditional tahsil/taluk/PS level presentation. As regards DCHB of 2001 Census, the scope of Village Directory was improved by including some other amenities like banking, recreational and cultural facilities, newspapers & magazines and `most important commodity’ manufactured in a village in addition to prescribed facilities of earlier censuses. In Town Directory, the statement on Slums was modified and its coverage was enlarged by including details on all slums instead of ‘notified slums’. The scope and coverage of Village Directory of 2011 DCHB has been widened by including a number of new amenities in addition to those of 2001. In the Town Directory, seven Statements containing the details and the data of each town have been presented viz.; (i) Status and Growth History of towns,(ii) Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, (iii) Civic and other Amenities, (iv)Medical Facilities, (v) Educational, Recreational & Cultural Facilities, (vi)Industry & Banking, and (vii) Civic & other amenities in Slums respectively. CD Block wise data of Village Directory and Village PCA have been presented in DCHB of 2011 census as presented in earlier census. The data of DCHB 2011Census have been presented in two parts, Part-A contains Village and Town Directory and Part-B contains Village and Town wise Primary Census Abstract. Both the Parts have been published in separate volumes in 2011 Census.


3

(ii) Brief History of the District: Mathura is the north-western district of Agra division and a part of Braj. It is one of the

seven holy cities of India and is the most ancient and inhabited place of Utter Pradesh. About the12th century A.D., the place had been simultaneously an important centre of the three chief Indian religious systems, the Brahmanical, the Jain and Budhist Subsequently, it became a stronghold of Krishnabhakti cult. It is believed that lord Krishna was born in the city of Mathura and passed his childhood in its neighbourhood. It is also stated in the Ramayana that Shatrughana (Ram’s brother) made this place his capital.

Most of the important places in the district are associated with one or another story connected with the Krishna legend. There is ample evidence to believe that in early times the district was more pastoral and agricultural as indicated by many names of its place such as Braj (herd of cattle) and Mathura (town of Churn). The Harvansha Puran mention it as “A tine country of many pasture – lands and well-natured people, full of ropes for tethering cattle, resonant with the voice of the sputtering churn and flowing with buttermilk, where the soil is ever moist with milky froth, and the stick with its circling cord sputters merrily in the pail as the girls spin it round in homesteads gladdened by the sputtering churn.” Many places like Aring, Boroda, Jait, Lohban, Maholi, Parkham, Sonkh and Vrindavan are traditionally associated with the asuras, Nagas and Yakshas, who are regarded as having inhabited this region even before the advent of the Vedic Aryans. The earliest tines Aryan who settled in these parts seem to have been Yadvas who find mention in Rigveda and whose favourite river was the Yamuna.

Mathura is intimately associated with the religious traditions of the Jains and finds mention in a number of their ancient books, sometimes as Uttara Mathura. It is said that the great Jain stupa, better known as Vodva stupa which once stood at the Kankali Tila site in Mathura, was built by Kubera, the Yakshi, at the instance of two Jain ascetics in the time of the seventh Tirthankara, Suparshva, to whom it was dedicated. In the 8th -century B. C., the 23rd Tirthankara Parshva Natha, is said to have paid a visit to the city where a monument was raised to commemorate the event some time after which the Stupa (said to have been originally of gold) was encased in brick.

In the 6th century BCE Mathura became the capital of the Surasena Mahajanapada. The city was later ruled by the Maurya Empire (4th to 2nd centuries BCE) and the Sunga dynasty (2nd century BCE). It may have come under the control of Indo-Greeks sometime between 180 BCE and 100 BCE. It then reverted to local rule before being conquered by the Indo-Scythians during the 1st century BCE. Mathuran art and culture reached its zenith under the Kushan dynasty which had Mathura as one of their capitals, the other being Purushapura (Peshawar). The dynasty had kings with the names of Kujula Kadphises, Kanishka, Huvishkaand Vasudeva I. Megasthenes, writing in the early 3rd century BCE, mentions Mathura as a great city under the name “Μέθορα (Méthora)”. The Indo-Scythians (aka Sakas or Shakas) conquered the area of Mathura over Indian kings around 60 BCE. The findings of ancient stone inscriptions in Maghera, a town 17 kilometres (11 mi) from Mathura, provide historical artifacts giving more details on this era of Mathura. The openings of the 3 line text of these inscriptions are in Brahmi script and were translated as: "In the 116th year of the Greek kings..." The Mathura Lion Capital inscriptions attest that Mathura fell under the control of the Sakas. The inscriptions contain references to Kharaosta Kamuio and Aiyasi Kamuia. Yuvaraja Kharostes (Kshatrapa) was the son of Arta, as is attested by his own coins. Arta is stated to be brother of King Moga or Maues. Princess Aiyasi Kambojaka, also called Kambojika, was the chief queen of Shaka Mahakshatrapa Rajuvula. Kamboja presence in Mathura is also verified from some verses of the epic, the Mahabharata, which are believed to have been composed around this period.

The Indo-Scythian satraps of Mathura are sometimes called the "Northern Satraps", as opposed to the "Western Satraps" ruling in Gujarat and Malwa. After Rajuvula, several successors are known to have ruled as vassals to the Kushans, such as the "Great Satrap" Kharapallana and the "Satrap" Vanaspara, who


4

are known from an inscription discovered in Sarnath, and dated to the 3rd year of Kanishka (c 130 CE), in which they were paying allegiance to the Kushans. Mathura served as one of the Kushan Empire's two capitals from the first to the third centuries. Fa Xian mentions the city, as a centre of Buddhism about A.D. 400; while his successor Xuanzang, who visited the city in 634 CE, which he mentions as Mot'ulo, and said that it contained twenty Buddhist monasteries and five Brahmanical temples. Later, he went east to Thanesar, Jalandhar in the eastern Punjab, before climbing up to visit predominantlyTheravada monasteries in the Kulu valley and turning southward again to Bairat and then Mathura, on the Yamuna river.

About the middle of the 6th century B.C., the last Tirthankara, Mahavira, is said to have visited Mathura where he had many devotees including the members of the royal family Mathura also played a significant role in the development of Budhism. It is said that Avantipura, the king of Shurasenas at Mathura was among the chief devotees of the Buddha and that it was through his help that Buddhism gained ground in this region. According to the Buddhist tradition Mathura was a favourite resort of the Yakshas who harassed the inhabitants and whom the Buddha subdued. Mathura continued to hold a high position in the Indian history throughout. The celebrated poet Kalidas praised the city of Mathura, the river Yamuna, the Goverdhan hill and Vrindaban grove. It is found in the record of Fahien who stayed there. This place binds a mention in the records of Hiuen Tsang (629-645 A.D.), who stayed there.

The city was sacked and many of its temples destroyed by Mahmud of Ghazni in 1018 and again by Sikandar Lodhi, who ruled the Sultanate of Delhi from 1489 to 1517. It is also connected with some important events in Aurangzeb’s life. His eldest son was born there in 1639. In 1666 Shivaji after escaping from Aurangzeb in Agra had come to Mathura. After the Mughal rules it came under the Jats who gave refuge to many from Delhi during Nadirshah’s invasion and also during the invasion of Ahmad Shah Abdali. Sikander Lodhi earned the epithet of 'Butt Shikan', the 'Destroyer of Hindu deities'. The Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, built the city's Jami Masjid (Friday mosque). The noteworthy fact is that the exact place of birth of Lord Krishna, according to historians, is in the place of worship of the Hindus, though the mosque was built near the birthplace of Lord Krishna. The bigger Krishna shrine, better known as Dwarkadeesh temple is a few metres away from what is believed to be the actual birthplace of Lord Krishna, was built in 1815 by Seth Gokuldas Parikh, Treasurer of Gwalior.

The history of the district as administration unit can be traced down to Akbar’s reign where the district fell within three Sarkars in the Subah of Agra. At the annexation in 1803 the Yamuna tract comprised the parganas of Mathura, Farah, Sonkh, Sonsa, Govardhan, Sahar hergarh and Kosi and the transyamuna tract comprised the parganas of Sadabad, Sahpau, Raya, Mat, Mahaban, Somnai and NohJhil. The Sirkar of Sahar appears to have disappeared in the region of Aurangzeb when the sirkar of Mathura was first heard of Govardhan was created late in the eighteeth century by Najaf Khan as fief for Raza Quli Beg out of the pargana of Sahar and some villages of pargana Sonkh. The pargana of Sadabad was formed in Shahjahan’s time, taking 200 villages of the old mahal of Jalesar and a few from the mahals of Khandauli and Mahaban. The Mahal of Mahaban was split up into the parganas of Mahaban, Mat, Raya and Sonai during the period of Jat rule. The parganas of Sahpan and Mursan were also formed out of the mahal of Jalesar. The whole of the district fell to the British in December 1803 but parts appear to have been transferred almost at once to favourite grantees. The pargana of Mathura was taken from the forah tahsil of Agra and with the parganas of Sonkh, Sonsa, Govardhan and part of


5

Sahar was formed into a new parganas and tahsil called Aring. In 1840 taluks Sonkh, Madim, Dunaitia and Lashkarpur in the northeast of Mahaban, along with some villages, were transferred to Mathura from Aligarh. In 1867 the headquarters of tahsil Mathura was moved from Aring to Mathura and 7 years later pargana Jalesar was transferred to Agra. In 1950 under the Provinces and States (Absorption of Enclave) Order, 1450 seven villages were transferred from Bharatpur to Mathura in exchange for the village of Phulwara. Mathura also played an important role in the independence movement. (iii) Administrative Setup:

The seat of district administration is at Mathura. The district comprises of 04 tahsils namely Chhata, Mathura, Mat and Mahavan (Newly created after 2001 Census). There are 10 Development Blocks in the district namely Nandgaon, Chhata, Chaumuhan, Goverdhan, Mathura, Farah, Baldeo, Nohjhil, Mat and Raya. Total area of the district is 3340.0 Sq. Km. The rural area covers 3185.7 Sq. Km. and urban recorded 154.3 Sq. Km. There are 479 Gram Panchayats and 874 Revenue villages out of which 730 inhabited villages and 144 uninhabited villages in the district. In urban area there are 17 statutory Towns and 8 Census Towns. Statutory Towns comprises of 3 Nagar Palika Parishad, 13 Nagar Panchayats and 01 Cantonment Board.

Jurisdictional Changes (2001-2011)

The state Government administration has reported no intra district jurisdictional changes during the decade. Neither any statutory town/ villages have been created/ merged nor declassified after 2001 Census. The state government has created a new tahsil Mahavan in year 2007 by transferring the villages from Tahsil Mat & Mathura. The following inter district changes have been taken place during the decade:-

District/Tahsil 2011

Territory added at District/Tahsil level

Name of District/ Tahsil from which area is subtracted

Territory reduced at District/Tahsil level

1 2 3 4

------- Mat Tahsil 57 villages transferred to newly created tahsil Mahavan Mahavan

Tahsil (Newly created)

57 villages gained from tahsil Mat and 106 villages gained from tahsil Mathura

------ ------

------ Mathura Tahsil 106 villages transferred to newly created tahsil Mahavan


6

District Administration: District administration comprises of Revenue, Development, Police (Law and Order), Judiciary,

and Local self-government. District Magistrate is In-charge of revenue & administration. He is assisted by Additional District Magistrate (Finance and Revenue) i.e., ADM (F&R). At the tahsil level Sub Divisional Magistrate is In-charge, who is now redesignated as Up-Jila Adhikari. He is assisted by Tahsildars in each tahsil and for revenue collection each tahsil is further entrusted to Naib Tahsildars and Kanongos's circles respectively. For each revenue village, Lekhpal is In-charge.

Chief Development Officer (C.D.O) and District Development Officer (D.D.O) are In-charge for development activities in the district. They also assist District Magistrate for implementation and monitoring of various development schemes in the district. Project Director is also deployed to assist D.M and C.D.O. in formations & supervision of different development programmes in the district. For development of rural area, district is further divided into Development Block well known as Vikas Khand (also known as Office of Kshetra Panchayats). Block Development Officers (B.D.O) look after development works at Blocks level. For his assistance Assistant Development Officer and at village level Village Development Officers have been deployed.

Under the police set-up Senior Superintendent of Police (S.S.P) and Superintendent of Police (S.P) are In-charge of their respective district. Additional Superintendent of Police (A.S.P) is also deployed to assist S.S.P/S.P in their respective area. Deputy Superintendent of Police (D.S.P)/ Circle Officer (C.O) look-after the law and order of the area allotted to them. Police Inspectors and Sub-Inspectors are In-charges of their respective Thanas/Police stations depending upon the population and area.

The Judicial administration of the District is headed by District and Session Judge. In addition to him there are several Additional District Judge, Civil Judge, Chief Judicial Magistrate and Munsif Magistrate and others judiciary officer are also posted to look after legal matters.

Besides these administrative officers a number of other district level officers are also posted at District headquarters. Other District Level of Offices are District Informatics Officer (NIC), Field Publicity Officer and Income Tax Officer, Sr. Treasury Officer, District Supply Officer, District Agriculture Officer, District Economics & Statistical Officer, District Savings Officer, District Sports Officer, District Employment Officer, Trade tax Officer, Entertainment Tax Officer, District Prosecution Officer, District Excise Officer, General Manager District Industry Centre, Plant Protection Officer, District Panchayat Raj Officer, District Programme Officer, Basic Shiksha Adhikari, District Inspector of Schools, Sp. Land acquisition Officer, District Social Welfare Officer, Minority Welfare Officer, Project Manager (U.P.L.D.C.), Asstt. Regional Transport Officer, Asstt. District Election Officer, and District Soldier welfare Officer are also deployed for monitoring and execution of various development activities in there district.

The Nucleus of the district body for self government is consisted of Mayor & Nagar Ayukat at Nagar Nigam level and Executive Officer (E.O) & Chairman of their respective Nagar Palika Parishad/ Nagar Panchayats. Similarly at Jila Parishad level Jila Panchayats Chairman & Apar Mukhya Adhikari (AMA) work as a public representative. Pramukh of Kshetra Samiti/Panchayat & B.D.O in Vikas Khand level, Gram Pradhan & Panchayat secretary in his Gram Panchayats comes under Local self-government. Other members of different local bodies also represent their respective area at ward and village level.


7

(iv) Physical Features:

(i) Location and size: The district is situated the north –western part of the Agra Division and lies between latitude

2 7o1 4 ́a nd 2 7 o 5 8 ́N and longitude 77o17´ and 78o12´E. In shape it is like an imperfect crescent, the horns looking up towards the northeast. Its lengthiest section from the junction of Gurgoan (Haryana) and Bharatpur (Rajasthan) districts to that of those of Etah and Agra, is about 96 km. and its greatest breadth about 66 km from the to east. It is bounded on the north-west by the districts of Aligarh and Gurgaon on the east by that of Aligarh and Hathras on the south by the district of Agra and on the west by that of Bharatpur. It has an area of 3340 sq. km. Physiography:

The district lies in the basin of the Yamuna. It is more or less a plain sloping of the rate of 0.25 metre per kilometre from north to south in the direction of the river’s course. Low hills-now Where higher than 261 metre above sea level-in a few scattered spots rise on the Bharatpur border. The highest elevation above sea level is about 178 metre near Kotban on the Gurgaon border and the lowest 171.6 mt. near Jalesar Road railway station. Yamuna enters the district at Chauudras (of tahsil Chatta) and follows a winding course of about 161 km. and leaves the district at village Mandaur. The Pathwaha and Jhirna are the two streams which drains the northern Mat and with the river Yamuna. The river Yamuna divides the district into two physical units the eastern or trans Yamuna and the western or cis Yamuna tract. The eastern Yamuna tract comprises the tahsils of Mat. This tract is at lower level than the cis Yamuna tract. The level gently drops from north to south, the height above sea level which is 185.9 m. than the sis Yamuna tract, including the tahsil of Chhata and Mathura lies at a higher level than the eastern tract. Most of larger villages and the important towns of Mathura, Vrindaban and Kosi lie on the right of the Yamuna, except for which there is no other river of stream in the tract.

In the two western tahsils, Mathura and Chhata, lie the only hills of the district which are outlying spurs of the Aravalli system and belong to several district ranges. The most northerly is the Charanoahar in Chhota Baithan. To the south-west is the hill of Nandgaon which is 800 km. long. On the southern most hill stands the village of Rankauli, the village of Dibhala in the centre and at the northernmost is the sacred village of Barsana Some 16 km. further south-east is the Giriraj or Annakut hill, commonly known as Govardhan. All these hills are of ancient quartzite. The district is plentifully supplied with trees of the deciduous types and tropical scrub and thorn but is lacking in any extensive natural vegetation cover. The main silvatic products are timber, wood, bark and grasses. The forests are worked according to the schemes and working plans of the forest department. Physiographically the district can be divided into two micro regions as given below. Nandgaon- Goverdhan Plain: The region is situated in the western part of the district comprising major part of Chhata and Mathura tahsils. The eastern limit of the region runs parallel to the Yamuna river. The general slope of this tract is from north to south. It is remarkable to note that there is not a single stream worth to be mentioned here. However, there are a few perennial tanks. Although it is homogeneous plain but a few hillocks with a height of 200 metres are noted in the western side near Barsana. Beside a few segment of broken surface are also noticed in the eastern part. Comparatively the western side to the region is higher than east. Its distributaries irrigate this land which is comparatively deficient in rainfall. Yamuna Khaddar:

The name of the region itself indicates its characteristics. It loops both side of the river Yamuna. The area covers parts of Chhata, Mathura, Mat and sadabad tahsils. The Yamu na is the master stream which flows from the centre of this area. The slope direct ion and other physical features are controlled by this river. Nohjhil khaddar is a large natural lake located in the north. Since the physical characteristics are directly linked with the Yamuna river, cultural features are not exception of this fact.


8

(3) Drainage: The district is situated in the basin of Yamuna, which traverses through the central part of the district from north to south and divide the district into two parts. The district nevertheless be described as a plain, sloping in the direction of the river´s course. The river´s and streams of the district consist of the Yamuna and its two affluents, the Pathwaha and the Jhirna or Karwan both of which become fairly torrential in the monsoon season. Yamuna divides tahsil Mat from the tahsil of Chhata. Its banks are first sandy and low but as it advances in its course they become steeper and ravines and sand hills begin to intermingle with the s andy slope. The cultivation on the banks bordering the ravines is poor, the ravines themselves being devoid of vegetation and pitted with modular limestone. But the land adjacent to the river is quite often very fertile, the soil varying from sand to rich loam, the richest being found in the Katri. (4) Climate: The climate of the district is characterized by an intensely hot summer, a cold winter and general dryness throughout the year except during the south –west monsoon. Intensity of heat is highest in May–June. The minimum temperature generally ranges from 5-7oC (January) to 20-25oC (May) and the maximum temperature from around 20-25oC (January) to 35-40oC (May). At times due to weather disturbances spell of cold weather occurs with temperature going down below the freezing point of water. Rainfall averages around 600-750 mm, which in general increases from the south-west towards the south-east. Dust and thunder storms also occur in the summer season while occasional fog occurs in the winter. (5) Natural and Economic Resources: Forestry: It is evident from the names given to different places in the ancient history that in older days this area was full of forests grass land and pastures. Its forests were hunting ground during Mughal period for the royal family members. But now the condition is very pitiable. It is lacking natural vegetation cover. The trees are planted on the road, rail and canal sides and also some patches of was teland. It is manage by the state forest department .The deciduous type of tree and tropical scrub and thorns are found in some patches. Babul, Shissham, Bargad and Neem are the main trees. Forest department has raised the plantation of Babul, Kanji, Siris, Khoir and Pipal. The wild animals are disappearing owing to the intensive cultivation, reclamation of wasteland and cutting of jungles. The leopard, Hyaena, wolf and blue bull or Nilgai are rearly seen in hilly tracts to west near the Bharatpur border. Wild boarare frequent in the ravines and Khadar of Yamuna which also swarms with crocodile and tortoise. The jungle cats, characal, jackal, fox, black buck rarihe deer, hog deer hare monkey and langur are also sighted here and there. The common birds are peacocks, ducks, partridges, and saras. Peacocks are a common sight all over the district. Reptiles are common in the district specially in the rural areas. The chief being the gharial, crocodile, monitor, lizard, garden lizard, python. cobra , dhaman or rat snake, water snake, black barred snake, pond turtle, patar and Yamuna kachhua. The monitor lizard is found in every parts of the district. About 25 different species of fishes are available in the river lakes, streams, ponds etc. in the district. Minerals and Mining: The scope of mining in the district is scanty. Only Kankar and Clay are available. Sand stone is available na limited quantity at Barsana and Nandgaon but owing to the religious sanctity attaching to the hill, it is not quarried. Similar sandstone is also found at Govardhan. Kankar is abundant in the district particularly in the bangar and that found in the east of Yamuna is larger, hard and has an ashy-blue colour while that in the west is small, soft and light in colour Black Kankar, which is used in masonry work. Clay suitable for making bricks, toys and utensils is found almost everywhere in the district.

Soil:

The classification of the soils in the district still holds good. In the bangar or uplands the soils vary from dumat (rich loam) to bhur which is constituted of deposits of blown sand and fine dust, Dumat is not plentiful in the district and found only in tahsil Ma t and the northern tract of Chhata . Piliya (light yellow


9

loam), which has a large proportion of sand is not plentiful in the district and is more workable after irrigation than daumat. Dahar or pure clay is found only in the Khadar area or lowlands. It is hard and unyielding and responds to the plough only if it is moist. In the behar (the ravines of the Yamuna) the soil becomes impoverished by drainage resulting in very poor harvests. The soils found in river beds are called by a variety of names such as tardabua ,jhawar, kunda, jhada and khapra, The general soils around the jhils and ponds is Chiknot which is also called bhabra in some villages. In the districtarables oil is considered important according to the facilities of irrigation available and no accessibility. Generally the prevailing soil of the district is an easily workable and productive piliya, rising in places to the dignity of a rich brown loam. According to the settlement report of 1924, there were the following types of soils in the district–Gara barha-I, barha-II, barha III, puth, khadar I and khada r-II. Land and Land use Pattern: The economy of the are largely depends on agriculture. The first recorded statistics of irrigation are available from the revision of land records carried out in 1848-50. The facilities of irrigation made available by the construction of Agra canal and the extens ion of the mat branch made marked improvement as regards the area irrigated and cultivated. In the closing years many reforms and a number of reorganization schemes in the farming system were introduced and a large number of irrigation works, mainly canals were completed in the. The land holdings are generally small in size. Agriculture and Crop Pattern:

As elsewhere in the Doab, the usual harvests of the district are the Kharif, the Rabi and Zaid. The economy of the area largely depends on agriculture and animal husbandry. Wheat and barley are the principal crops of the Rabi while bajra, jwar and rice of Kharif . For augmentation of agriculture products besides providing financial assistance fairs are organized which provide knowledge of modern techniques and equipment. High yielding fertilizers and insecticides are provided by Govt. agencies. The main autumn crops in the past have now virtually been replaced by paddy, millets, like jwar, maize and bajra and pulses like urad and moong. Similar has been the fate of once popular Rabi crops like, linseed, Mustard and duan which have yielded place to wheat barely, arhar and gram.

Irrigation: The first recorded statistics of irrigation are available from the revision of land records

carried out in 1848-50 when of the total cultivated area of 6,47481 acres, 249932 acres were irrigated. The facilities of irrigation made available by the construction of the Agra canal and the extension of the Mat branch inadefa la marked improvement in the tahsils as regards the areas irrigated and cultivated. The Mat branch canal was originally constructed between 1851 and 1855 and formed a part of the old Ganga canal. It irrigates through its tributaries Baldeo, Daghaita, Jewar, Badna, Jarara, Mahaban, Sadabad, Air Khera, Barahana and Jagsana. The Hathras branch canal also irrigate some portion of Mat and Sadabad tahsils of the district. We find that the different irrigation network systems are canal, tube wells, well and other sources in the rural area of the district. It has raised the sub soil and water and its regular supply makes the tube wells run economically therefore, tube wells irrigation stand first and the canal the next.

Animal Husbandry: That the area around Mathura, Gokul and Vrindaban was in ancient times more pastoral they agriculture is indicated by the Krishna legends associated with it and the names of some places that are still in current


10

use. Thus the local name for this area, Brajmandala, means herd circle or zone, Mathura means the townof Churns, Goverdhan implies a place where cattle flourish, Gokul means cowpen, Mat Milkpail, Bathen cattle pasture, Dahigaon curd village, Gotha means cow byre, Gokulpur, town of cow byre, Bachhgaon means village of calves, and Makanpur town or butter. But the decay of pastures and forests in the district has led to decline in cattle rearing and milk production.

The livestock of the district generally lives one green fodder crops and the byproducts of agriculture. Cattle development has been receiving government´s attention since the start of the Five year Plans and the animal husbandry department has been improving the breed of stock in the district. Artificial insemination facilities far improving the breeds of cows, buffaloes and calves were started of various places in the district. The animals husbandry department of the state government has a live-stock officer posted in the district and he is incharge of the animal husbandry and poultry development schemes. Recognising the importance of developing the live-stock wealth in the interest of rural economy and to meet the growing demand for qualified veterinary and animal husbandry workers the state government established in 1947 of Mathura, the U.P. College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry. The animal husbandry department also arranges supply of cow, bulls, buffaloes, bulls bucks, rams and boars for breeding purpose at subsidized rates. In the district there exist veterinary hospitals, veterinary development centres, artificial insemination centres, artificial sub insemination centres, pig development centres and sheep development centres.

Fishery: Nearly 22 different kinds of fish are found in the district in Karwan, the Yamuna, Nohjhil Lake,

big ponds and major canals. The chief species of fish including Rohu, Maha sher, lake fish, Rishala, Katla or Bhakur, Mrigala and Mullet inhabit the Yamuna and Nohjhil lake, perennial streams, lakes, ponds, tanks, artificial reservoirs and the flooded fields of the district. Catches are usually made by net, rod and a kind of bottomless basket and small dams in the rivers, rivulets, lakes, ponds and canals are often farmed out by the owners and fishermen. Piscicultural activities for development have been undertaken by the fisheries department. Fingerlings are supplied to a gaon panchayats and private pisciculurists under the small water schemes. Small water scheme was launched in the district Industry: Though upto the close of the 19th century there were no important industrial establishments in the district excepting household industry of weaving cloth, making of paper and stone carving, the making of small silver toys at Gokul has been a famous industry from ancient times. But there after there was general development in the industrial fields also. Khadi industry is also flourishing in the district. There are cottage industries, besides these there are areas for stone carving industry, rolling mills, Kashi tape and crops industry in Mathura the Bharat electric industries. There are Ayurvedic and Allopathic manufacture also. Trade and Commerce: Because of its favour able location and its importance as a place of pilgrimage, Mathura has always been a trading city and it was a wealthy trade centre and a great mart in ancient times. There was a trade route coming from Tamralipti (a port in Bengal) which passed through Mathura and went on to Balkh (in central Asia), Europe and other countries. The situation of Mathura on the Yamuna enabled boats of cons iderable tonnage carryings large cargoes of stone, cotton, ghee and indigo to pass it. During British times many roads were built and old ones rebuilt and repaired linking Mathura with important places inside and outside the district and facilitating its trade and commerce. In 1904 a new railway line connecting


11

Mathura with Agra and Delhi, was laid which absorbed a good deal of the road –borne goods traffic between Punjab and places beyond Mathura. Industrial development started in the district only after the coming of independence in 1947. The starting of variety of industries such as the manufacture of brass taps and cocks, preservation of fruits and vegetables and production of railway equipment added a number of industrial articles and raw materials to the purely agricultural trade pattern of the district. The commodities exported from the district are grains and pulses, jaggery, oil-seeds, edible oils, preserved fruits, cotton, animals, cement, iron, steel, coal, niwar etc. to all parts of the country particularly to Delhi, Agra and Aligarh and to states of Gujarat and Rajashthan. The Kashi Taps and Cocks Manufacturing company, Mathura is a large-scale unit producing 1500 dozen bibs and stop cocks monthly. It has entered the foreign market and is competing with middle east countries through its agencies of Calcutta. The district imports rice, jwar, bajra, ground nut, coal, building stone and building materials, Khandsari, oil seeds, cement, wood, iron and certain chemicals for it s industries from Delhi, Agra , Kanpur and Jharia for which Mathura and Kosi are the main importing stations. Many fairs are held in different parts of the district most of which go in for some days and are attended by a large number of people and a good deal of buying and selling is carried on. Perhaps the biggest is the annual fair which is held at Vishram Ghat in Mathura city and attracts people from all parts of the country and another important one is Guru Purnima which is held at Goverdhan. There are trade associations in existence in the district. They safeguard the commercial interests of their trades by providing technical and legal advice in matters of sales trade, income trade, octroi, imports and exports. Transport: In olden times the usual means of transport and travel were palanquins, elephants, horse, camels and vehicles drawn by bullocks, buffaloes, horses and camels. Boats plied on the Yamuna which is still a navigable waterway. The bulk of the heavy goods was moved by means of pack animals but valuable goods were usually carried in carts and carriages. People in the villages depended largely on the bullock cart and on vehicles drawn by horses and camels. Camel carts were a common sight in older days. With the construction and improvement of metalled roads speedy mechanized transport, which has the added advantage of being able to play in almost in any kind of weather also made its appearance and today motorcycles other motor– vehicles , bicycles and cycle- rickshaws area common sight in the city and its out- skirts. As an economical and convenient means of transport, the bicycle is popular both in rural and urban areas of the district. Scooters, motor-cycles, cycle, rickshaw are recent addition to the modes of public conveyance and are so popular that to a great extent they have driven Ekkas and Tongas off the roads. The bullock cart is a multipurpose vehicle in the villages of the district and is used for agriculture purposes, the transport of people and goods from one place to another etc. The road transport of buses and railways is also available. The railway lines travesing. The district have been the Central Railway North–Eastern Railway and Northern Railway and Western Railway. The district is well connected by rail and road transport. There are 21 railway stations (including halt) in the district and of which 8 station are in rural areas. Electricity and Power: Electricity plays an important role in the economic development. Electric power is supplied to Mathura city and other parts of the district from the Hydel distribution centre. The Mathura supplied electricity through its substations to the municipal and cantonment areas of the city. It purchases the bulk of its supplies from the hydro electric department of the U.P. State Electricity Board.


12

Gram Panchayat, its composition Jurisdiction and role in village development:- A Gram Panchayat acts as the executive of the Gram Sabha. It is vital for village development. Composition:- The members of the village or Gram Panchayat are elected by the members of the Gram Sabha. The members of the Gram Sabha generally elect a small committee of 7-15 members from among themselves who constitute the village panchayat. It is necessary that the village panchayat should have a member belonging to the scheduled caste and also a woman member. If they not elected, then the government itself appoints two such members. The village panchayat is the sole body, which looks after the various problems of the village and takes steps to improve the conditions of the vilagers. Its Terms:-The new Panchayat Raj act of 1993 has fixed a uniform five year for every Panchayat. It can also be dissovlved earlier by the state government, if it fails to perform its duty faithfully. A Sarpanch may be removed from office if two-third Panchas vote against him. But in such a case the sanction of the district authorities must be obtained beforehand. The Panchayat normally meets once in a month. If need be, an emergency meeting can also be called by the Sarpanch. Qualifications:- In order to be elected to a village panchayat, a candidate should possess the following qualifications: (1) He should be a resident of the village concerned and his name should be in the vob

8 baghpat 9 ghaziabad 10 gautam buddha nagar 11 … · 57 gorakhpur 58 kushinagar 59 deoria...

Documents