computer delhi merto

8/3/2019 Computer Delhi Merto

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AUTOMATED FARE COLLECTION SYSTEM:

Delhi Metro has introduced, for the first time in the country,ticketing and passenger control through a completely Automatic Fare Collection system.

The ticket, which could be a card or a token, is purchasedfrom the Ticket Counter. The passenger then proceeds toone of several gates that separate the Paid Area from the

Unpaid Area. Here, the passenger will hold the ticket closeto the machine to the right of the gate. If valid, the gates willopen automatically, and the passenger can pass to the Paid Area. If not valid, then the passenger will need to contactthe Customer Service Staff.



ACCESS CONTROL

Access control is a system that enables an authority to controlaccess to areas and resources in a given physical facility orcomputer-based information system. An access control system,within the field of physical security, is generally seen as the

second layer in the security of a physical structure.

OPERATION

There are three types (factors) of authenticating information:

something the user knows, e.g. a password, pass-phrase or PINsomething the user has, such as smart cardsomething the user is, such as fingerprint, verified by biometricmeasurement



CONTACTLESS SMART CARD

A contactless smart card is any pocket-sized card with embedded

integrated circuits that can process and store data, and

communicate with a terminal via radio waves. There are twobroad categories of contactless smart cards. Memory cards

contain non-volatile memory storage components, and perhaps

some specific security logic. Contactless smart cards do not

contain an ordinary read-only RFID, but they do contain a re-

writeable smart card microchip that can be transcribed via radiowaves.



Token Travel Card

Smart cards and tokens are sort of a RFID Tag which stores the amount

of the fare which could be written using RFID reader and writers.

At the entry and exit gates of stations all wherever we touch the tokensand cards are the RFID readers. These readers have a range of about 2

inches of range. So when a traveler touches the tokens or smart cards

to these readers, they recognize it and grant the entry to them.



RF smart card schematic

Universal contactless smart

card reader symbol

These cards require only close proximity to an antenna to complete a

transaction. They are often used when transactions must be processed

quickly or hands-free, such as on mass transit systems, where a smart

card can be used without even removing it from a wallet.



AUTOMATIC TRAINCONTROL

Automatic Train Control (ATC) is a train protection system for railways,ensuring the safe and smooth operation of trains on ATC-enabled lines. Its

main advantages include making possible the use of cab signaling instead

of track-side signals and the use of smooth deceleration patterns in lieu of

the rigid stops encountered with the older ATS technology. ATC can also

be used with Automatic Train Operation (ATO).



A train with ATC indicatoroperating under normal

conditions.

The said ATC indicator with ORP

(Over Run Protector) engaged nearthe end of the ATC coverage area



AUTOMATIC TRAIN OPERATION

Automatic train operation (ATO) ensures partial or complete automatic

train piloting and driverless functions.

Most systems elect to maintain a driver (train operator) to mitigate risks

associated with failures or emergencies.

Many modern systems are linked with Automatic Train Control (ATC) where

normal signaler operations such as route setting and train regulation are

carried out by the system. The ATO and ATC systems will work together to

maintain a train within a defined tolerance of its timetable. The combined

system will marginally adjust operating parameters such as the ratio of power to coast when moving and station dwell time, in order to bring a

train back to the timetable slot defined for it.



A Delhi Metro train operator



With operations control systems, the operation of metro iscentrally monitored and controlled. Ergonomic user interfaces

and integrated automation functions allow optimum handlingand efficient operations management on lines and at stations.



OVERVIEW Operations Control System

Integrated Control and Information System

Planning System

Remote Control Systems

Service and Diagnostics System



OPERATIONS CONTROL SYSTEM

The operations control systems of this system monitor operation as well ascontrol interlocking and infrastructure. Fitted with efficient components,adaptable user interfaces, and modular automation functions, they ensure thatdispatching runs efficiently and guarantees maximum availability of operatingresources.

The operations control system makes it possible to meet the specificrequirements of railway operators. A wide variety of different configurations canbe implemented – from individual operator consoles to large control centerswith complex automation functions.



INTEGRATED CONTROL AND INFORMATION

SYSTEM

The integrated control and information system enables efficient automaticoperations management for main-line and mass-transit railways.

It covers the entire field of operational metro control, from the local or remotecontrol of individual interlocking to the automation of entire rail networks. Itguarantees safety-critical operator control of interlocking and a reliable displayof the operating situation. The system features a high degree of flexibility thanksto its scalable, modular design.



PLANNING SYSTEM

This is a software program and used for the design and validation of timetables. Itwas developed as a means of optimizing operational planning and control foroperations control systems. IT facilitates the generation of optimum timetables(in terms of train intervals plus energy and resource savings), and thereby helpsmaximize the overall performance of mass transit and main-line rail systems.

A number of processes can be optimized using this:

Track layout designTimetable designTimetable validationConstruction site planningEnergy managementPassenger transfer optimization



REMOTE CONTROL SYSTEMS

The remote control systems enable relay interlocking to be integrated into anetwork. Relay interlocking can then be operated and monitored from anoperations control center. In this way, relay interlocking can be operated togetherwith electronic interlocking from the same operator console via a uniform userinterface.

The remote control systems perform the following functions:Acceptance and gating of interlocking messagesOutput of manually and automatically generated commands to the relayinterlockingExchange of data with the operations control system.



SERVICE AND DIAGNOSTICS SYSTEM

The S&D service and diagnostics system is a user-guided diagnostics systemfor electronic interlocking and remote control systems. It provides specificinformation on the causes of failures and gives the operator instructions onhow to clear faults.

The system consists of software components for service and diagnosticfunctions which are installed on standard industrial-purpose computers. Theservice and diagnosis computer serves the function of an electronic fault

journal. The data collected is saved and made available to the maintenanceteam for fault clearance and subsequent archiving.



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computer delhi merto

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