sahitya-sujas (rajasthani) class 11 2017-18...

lkfgR;lkfgR;lkfgR;lkfgR;lkfgR;&&&&&lqtllqtllqtllqtllqtlHkkx&1Hkkx&1Hkkx&1Hkkx&1Hkkx&1

¼jktLFkkuh x|&i| laxzS½¼jktLFkkuh x|&i| laxzS½¼jktLFkkuh x|&i| laxzS½¼jktLFkkuh x|&i| laxzS½¼jktLFkkuh x|&i| laxzS½

ekè;fed f'k{kk cksMZ jktLFkku] vtesj dkauh lwaekè;fed f'k{kk cksMZ jktLFkku] vtesj dkauh lwaekè;fed f'k{kk cksMZ jktLFkku] vtesj dkauh lwaekè;fed f'k{kk cksMZ jktLFkku] vtesj dkauh lwaekè;fed f'k{kk cksMZ jktLFkku] vtesj dkauh lwad{kk 11 jS jktLFkkuh lkfgR; fol; lk:d{kk 11 jS jktLFkkuh lkfgR; fol; lk:d{kk 11 jS jktLFkkuh lkfgR; fol; lk:d{kk 11 jS jktLFkkuh lkfgR; fol; lk:d{kk 11 jS jktLFkkuh lkfgR; fol; lk:

LohÑr ikBÓiksFkhLohÑr ikBÓiksFkhLohÑr ikBÓiksFkhLohÑr ikBÓiksFkhLohÑr ikBÓiksFkh

la;kstd vj lEikndMkW- ¼Jherh½ izdk'k vejkorMkW- ¼Jherh½ izdk'k vejkorMkW- ¼Jherh½ izdk'k vejkorMkW- ¼Jherh½ izdk'k vejkorMkW- ¼Jherh½ izdk'k vejkor

v/;{k] jktLFkkuh foHkkxjktdh; Mw¡xj egkfo|ky;] chdkusj

lEiknd&e.My

ujflag lks<+kujflag lks<+kujflag lks<+kujflag lks<+kujflag lks<+kO;k[;krk

jktdh; mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;cTtw ¼chdkusj½

2017&20182017&20182017&20182017&20182017&2018ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesjek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesjek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesjek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesjek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesj

MkW- y{ehdkUr O;klMkW- y{ehdkUr O;klMkW- y{ehdkUr O;klMkW- y{ehdkUr O;klMkW- y{ehdkUr O;klO;k[;krk] jktLFkkuh foHkkx

lezkV i`Fohjkt pkSgku jktdh; egkfo|ky;vtesj

fot; dqekj ikjhdfot; dqekj ikjhdfot; dqekj ikjhdfot; dqekj ikjhdfot; dqekj ikjhdç/kkukpk;Z

jktdh; mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;dkEck ¼tkyksj½

MkW- ek/kksflag bUnkMkW- ek/kksflag bUnkMkW- ek/kksflag bUnkMkW- ek/kksflag bUnkMkW- ek/kksflag bUnkO;k[;krk

jktdh; egkfo|ky;ckyh ¼ikyh½

MkW- f'kojkt Hkkjrh;MkW- f'kojkt Hkkjrh;MkW- f'kojkt Hkkjrh;MkW- f'kojkt Hkkjrh;MkW- f'kojkt Hkkjrh;O;k[;krk jktLFkkuh

jktdh; mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;fcjdkGh ¼guqekux<+½

ikB~;Øe lfefrikB~;Øe lfefrikB~;Øe lfefrikB~;Øe lfefrikB~;Øe lfefrla;k stdla;k stdla;k stdla;k stdla;k std

MkW- ¼Jherh½ izdk'k vejkorlg&la;k stdlg&la;k stdlg&la;k stdlg&la;k stdlg&la;k std

MkW- y{ehdkUr O;kllnL;lnL;lnL;lnL;lnL;

fot; dqekj ikjhdMkW- f'kojkt Hkkjrh;

ujflag lks<+k

vk[kM+hvk[kM+hvk[kM+hvk[kM+hvk[kM+h

Hkkjr EgkjkS nsl NSA lxGk Hkkjroklh Egkjk HkkbZ&cSu NSA EguSEgkjk nsl lwa xk<kS gsr vj EguS b.kjh v[kwV gseka.kh ekFkSv.kwarkS xqest NSA

EgSa Egkjk ekbZr] x: vj lxGk cMsjka jkS vk?k&ekau d:aykvj vsdwdk feu[k lkxS feu[khpkjk jkS oSokj d:aykA

EgSa Egkjk nsl vj nslokfl;ka okLrS xk<kS usg jk[k.k jhvk[kM+h ysowaA EgkjkS gj[k&meko Qxr okajS dY;ka.k vj vklwnkbZesa NSA

© izdkld jS fgr eka; lxGk vf/kdkj lqjf{krlaLdj.k % 2017&18iM+rka %eksy ¼vadka eka;½ %

¼lcnka eka;½ %

izekf.kr djÓkS tkoS dS b.k iksFkh jh NikbZ eka; cksMZ dkauh lwafnjhT;S vsp-ih-lh- jkS 58 th-vsl-vse- okVj ekdZ Øhe okWovj 130 th-vsl-vse- iwBS jkS dkxn cjrhT;kS gSA

Nkik[kkaukS %

nks lcnnks lcnnks lcnnks lcnnks lcn

i<sljh lk: ikBÓiksFkh foxrokj v/;;u] lk[kh.kh] ikj[kk vj vxkÅ v/;;u jkSvkèkkj gks;k djSA fol;&oLrq vj Hk.kkbZ jh nhB lwa bLdwyh ikBÓiksFkh jkS Lrj ?k.kkS egrkÅgks; tkoSA ikBÓiksF;ka uS dnSbZ tM+ dS efgekeafMr dj.k okGh uha c.kko.kh pkbZtSAikBÓiksFkh vkt bZ Hk.kkbZ] m.kjh fof/k vj izfØ;k jkS vsd t:jh lk/ku c.;ksM+kS gS] ft.k jhvkika v.kns[kh uha dj ldkaA

ykjyS dsbZ cjlka eka; ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku jS ikBÓØe eka; jktLFkkujh HkklkÅ vj lkaLØfrd fFkfr;ka jh uqekbanxh jkS vHkko y[kkoS gkSA b.k uS nhBxr jk[krkaFkdka jkT; ljdkj dkauh lwa d{kk 9 lwa 12 rkabZ jk i<sljÓka lk: ekè;fed f'k{kk cksMZ]jktLFkku] vtesj jS ekjQr ikBÓØe ykxw dj.k jkS fuj.kS fyjhT;kS gSA b.kh fuj.kS eqtccksMZ dkauh lwa Hk.kkbZ&l= 2017&2018 lwa d{kk 9 vj 11 jh ikBÓiksF;ka cksMZ jS rsoM+hT;ksM+SikBÓØe jS vk/kkj ekFkS R;kj djkbZth gSA HkjkslkS gS dS vS iksF;ka i<sljÓka eka; lQhaVoSlksp] fparu vj vfHkO;fDr jkS volj nsoSykA

izks- ch-,y- pkS/kjhizk s- ch-,y- pkS/kjhizk s- ch-,y- pkS/kjhizk s- ch-,y- pkS/kjhizk s- ch-,y- pkS/kjhv/;{k

ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ jktLFkku] vtesj

z

la;kstdh;la;kstdh;la;kstdh;la;kstdh;la;kstdh;

jktLFkkuh jh vksG[kk.k eqydka pkoh gSA vk vsd Lora= Hkklk gSA ?k.kk eksVkiljÓksM+k Hkw[ks= esa b.kuS cksy.k okGka jh fx.krh vkB djksM+ lwa cslh gksoSykA nks yk[k uSM+klcnka jkS lcndksl] v[kwV lkfgR; HkaMkj] b.kjh fyfi;ka ¼eqfM;k vj vkt jS cxr esansoukxjh½] O;kdj.k jh b/kdkbZ jS lkxS ekjokM+h] esokM+h] gkM+ksrh] <wa<kM+h] okxM+h] ekyoh]esokrh] ls[kkokVh] rksjkokVh] xks<okM+h tSM+h b.kjh cksfy;ka vj micksfy;ka b.kuS vsd Lora=vj lcG Hkklk jkS njtkS nsoSA Hkkjr jh nwth Hkklkoka lwa jktLFkkuh jh vkijh fudsoGhfolslrk jS ik.k vk fuLpS bZ vsd flejFk Hkklk gSA b.kesa vsd vjFk jk vusd lcn ¼i;kZ;½vj vsd lcn jk vusd vjFk okGk lcnka jh ekB gSA b.kjS yksd&lkfgR; esa yksdtho.k jklxGk jax futj vkoS] rkS vfHktkR; lkfgR; jh ywaBh cikSrh b.k Hkklk uS lq?kM+&lcGc.kkoSA 1300 cjlka jS jktLFkkuh lkfgR; jS bfrgkl uS v/;;u jh nhB lwa izkphu] e/;dkyvj vk/kqfud dky jS :i esa ckaVhT;kS gSA d{kk 11oha jS ikBÓØe esa vk/kqfud dky jh 28uSM+h jpukoka fyjhth gSA ikBÓØe uS lqxe ljy c.kko.k jk /;s; uS jk[krka vS jpukokafyjhth gSA b.k lwa fo|kFkhZ jktLFkkuh Hkklk jS ljy&l:i lwa :c: gkslhA

lkfgR;&lqtl ¼Hkkx&1½ ukao jh b.k iksFkh esa vk/kqfud x| jh [kkl fo/kkoka vj dkO;jh dsbZ izo`fÙk;ka uS lkey djhth gSA vka jpukoka esa lkekftd ljksdkj] thou&ewY;ka]thou&vkn'kk± uS mdsjhT;kS gSA thou jS gjsd i[k uS vkijS <kGS dSorh vS jpukoka tqxcksèkdjkoS] lkopsrh jh lh[k nsoSA

ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ jktLFkku] vtesj jS lS;ksx vj vi.kk;r lk: lEiknd eaMy m.kkajkS vkHkkjh gSA vk vatl jh ckr gS dS cksMZ esa jktLFkkuh lkfgR; ,sfPNd fol; jS :i esai<k;kS tk jS;kS gSA cksMZ jS b.k eÙkS ¼fuj.kS½ lk: ?k.kk jaxA b.k iksFkh uS i<uS fo|kFkhZlkfgR; jkS X;ku vj vkNk laLdkjka uS vaxst*j lUekxZ ekFkS pkySyk] b.kht vkl vj foLokljS lkFkS] eaxG dkeukokaA

&MkW- ¼Jherh½ çdk'k vejkor&MkW- ¼Jherh½ çdk'k vejkor&MkW- ¼Jherh½ çdk'k vejkor&MkW- ¼Jherh½ çdk'k vejkor&MkW- ¼Jherh½ çdk'k vejkor

foxrfoxrfoxrfoxrfoxr

Hk wfedkHk wfedkHk wfedkHk wfedkHk wfedk

iksFkhekG jk iqgqi MkW- ¼Jherh½ çdk'k vejkor 7

x| [k.Mx| [k.Mx| [k.Mx| [k.Mx| [k.MbdkbZ % vsdbdkbZ % vsdbdkbZ % vsdbdkbZ % vsdbdkbZ % vsd

dgk.khdgk.khdgk.khdgk.khdgk.khcjlxkaB eqjyh/kj O;kl 11mMhd MkW- u`flag jktiqjksfgr 16dkapGh jkes'ojn;ky JhekGh 23Fks ckjS tkokS dj.khnku ckjgB 29

bdkbZ % nksbdkbZ % nksbdkbZ % nksbdkbZ % nksbdkbZ % nksfucU/kfucU/kfucU/kfucU/kfucU/k

pkVw lkSHkkX;flag 'ks[kkor 34HksGi] lSa.ki vj HkkbZpkjkS ewGnku nsikor 39jktLFkku jh yksddykoka MkW- egsUæ Hkkukor 45i;kZoj.k jk ikxksfFk;k MkW- Ñ".kyky fo'uksbZ 51

bdkbZ % rhubdkbZ % rhubdkbZ % rhubdkbZ % rhubdkbZ % rhuvsdk adhvsdk adhvsdk adhvsdk adhvsdk adh

vki.kkS [kkl vkneh cStukFk iaokj 58nslHkxr Hkkeklk MkW- vkKkpan HkaMkjh 65

bdkbZ % pkjbdkbZ % pkjbdkbZ % pkjbdkbZ % pkjbdkbZ % pkjlaLej.klaLej.klaLej.klaLej.klaLej.k

lqjtks uk;d MkW- useukjk;.k tks'kh 71bdkbZ % ikapbdkbZ % ikapbdkbZ % ikapbdkbZ % ikapbdkbZ % ikap

js[kkfprjkaejs[kkfprjkaejs[kkfprjkaejs[kkfprjkaejs[kkfprjkaeeD[k.klk Jhyky uFkey tks'kh 80

bdkbZ % N%bdkbZ % N%bdkbZ % N%bdkbZ % N%bdkbZ % N%;k=k&laLej.k;k=k&laLej.k;k=k&laLej.k;k=k&laLej.k;k=k&laLej.k

Egkjh tkiku&;k=k jk.kh y{ehdqekjh pwaMkor 89bdkbZ % lkrbdkbZ % lkrbdkbZ % lkrbdkbZ % lkrbdkbZ % lkr

fjiksrk Ztfjiksrk Ztfjiksrk Ztfjiksrk Ztfjiksrk Ztvsd fnu vkijkS fouksn lksekuh gal* 97

i| [kaMi| [kaMi| [kaMi| [kaMi| [kaMbdkbZ % vkBbdkbZ % vkBbdkbZ % vkBbdkbZ % vkBbdkbZ % vkB

nwgk vj lksjBknwgk vj lksjBknwgk vj lksjBknwgk vj lksjBknwgk vj lksjBkohj lrlbZ lw;ZeYy ehl.k 102psrko.kh jk pwaxVÓk dsljhflag ckjgB 105ækSinh fou; jkeukFk dfo;k 109prqj fpUrke.kh ckoth prqjflag 113

bdkbZ % ukSbdkbZ % ukSbdkbZ % ukSbdkbZ % ukSbdkbZ % ukSdforkdforkdforkdforkdfork

tq) lR;izdk'k tks'kh 116eku[kkS fxj/kkjh flag ifM+gkj 120^tqxoka.kh* vj ^gsr pkbZtS* x.ks'khyky O;kl mLrkn* 125^bZ'oj!*] jke&uke*^lkp*j >wB!*] fujkdkj!* dUgS;kyky lsfB;k 130lSuk.kh es?kjkt ^eqdqy* 134^yw* vj cknGh* pUæflag 139nqxkZnkl MkW- ukjk;.k flag HkkVh 143

bdkbZ % nlbdkbZ % nlbdkbZ % nlbdkbZ % nlbdkbZ % nlxhrxhrxhrxhrxhr

lh[kM+yh dkunku dfYir* 147bdkbZ % bX;kjkbdkbZ % bX;kjkbdkbZ % bX;kjkbdkbZ % bX;kjkbdkbZ % bX;kjk

yksdxhryksdxhryksdxhryksdxhryksdxhrc/kkokS 152

ifjf'k"Vifjf'k"Vifjf'k"Vifjf'k"Vifjf'k"V

jktLFkkuh lkfgR; jkS bfr;kl % dwadwa ixY;ka lwa vkHkS rkabZ 158jktLFkkuh O;kdj.k&jpuk& lekukjFkh vj foykse lcn] eqgkojk vj vks[kka.kk] mYFkkS176jktLFkkuh Nan vj vyadkj& nwgk Nan] oS.klxkbZ vyadkj 186

7

H k w fedkH k w fedkH k w fedkH k w fedkH k w fedk

ik sFkhekG jk iqg qiik sFkhekG jk iqg qiik sFkhekG jk iqg qiik sFkhekG jk iqg qiik sFkhekG jk iqg qi

jktLFkkuh lkfgR; tqxka twukS uS eqydka pkokSA lwjka] lrokfn;ka] lkiq#lka vj lUrkajh b.k Hkkse jkS lkfgR; b.k ckr jh lk[k HkjSA jktLFkkuh lkfgR; jh vk eksVh folslrk dSvBS jkS lkfgR;dkj x<&dksVka lwa ys;*j >waifM+;ka esa jSo.k okGk ohjka] lke/kjeh lwjekoka jkStl vk[kjka vej fd;kS gSA ek;M+ Hkklk jktLFkkuh uS eku nsof.k;kS rkS jktLFkkuhlkfgR;dkj bZ gSA b.k iksFkh esa v[kwV lkfgR; HkaMkj jh ckr ifjf'k"V* esa djhth gSA b.kjStwuS dkG lwa ys;*j vkt rkabZ jh lkfgR; fljt.kk ekFkS dsbZ&dsbZ xzUFk fyf[k;k tk; ldSAlwjkiS jk rst lwa jkrh&ekrh b.k Hkkse jk vly #[kkGk rkS dye jk /k.kh doslj gkA m.kkajh ys[k.kh jh èkkj] cksyka jk ck.k lL=ka lwa derh uha gkA ekjx HkwY;ksM+k uS lUekjx yko.kkS]drZO; jkS ikB i<ko.kkS] HkM+[kk.kh vkst Hkjh ok.kh esa dfork dj ohjrk uS iks[k.kS jkS lqdktvka dosljka djÓkSA

jktLFkkuh dfo vka lcnka r.kh lk[k dfork uS ys;*j gjsd cxr esa twÖ;kS gSA cxrjk ck;jk lkxS m.kjh dfork i.k uwaok ekjx lksèkrh jS;hA dfo vkijh lksp vj ÅaMh nhBlwa lcnka jh dksj.kh ekaMSA iksjSnkj c.k*j vk[kjka jk ijdksVk fcpkGS eku[kS jk EgSy v[khjk[k.k jk tru djSA nqjlk vk<k vj i`Fohjkt jkBkSM+ j.kkax.k lwa ys;*j varjtkeh jhvjnkl djrk ohjrk] Hkxrh vj fl.kxkj jkS dkO; jP;kSA ehjka jh Hkxrh jk vejQG vktyx m.kka jk inka jS :i esa eku[kS jS daBka uS ljl djSA ckadhnkl th vkfl;k jkS vkst HkjÓkSvktknh jkS la[kukn djrkS ^fMaxG xhr*] lw;ZeYy ehl.k jh ôhj lrlbZ* jk nwgk rkSdkiq#lka jh HkwaM] lkiq#lka jh cMkbZ] ohj ukjh jh euxr jk vkstLoh cksy] dk;jka mj lky.kokGk gSA jkeukFk dfo;k jh d#.k cgÙkjh* esa vkt jS tqx jh ukjh jh nlk&fnlk] m.kjhgwal] m.kjh lxrh vj vkiS jh ckr djSA ØkfUrdkjh dfo dsljhflag ckjgB jk dkGtSNsdyk dj.k okGk vkdjk cksyka lwa esokM+ jkS fgUnqok lwjt xjhtrkS jS;X;kS rkS m.kh*tesokM+h jkt?kjk.kk jk ckoth prqjflag jh lknxh X;ku] cSjkx] èkje] uhfr] minsl okGkprqjkbZ jk cksy fg;S eaMX;kA Åejnku ykGl jkS okS [kjksi.k vj ladjnku lkekSj jk xksGhgank xhrM+kA vktknh jk #[kkGk] LorU=rk lsukfu;ka esa t;ukjk;.k O;kl] ekf.kD;ykyoekZ] ghjkyky lkL=h] HkSjoyky ^dkGk cknG*] fot;flag îfFkd* jk yksdekul esa pkokyksdxhrka jh rjt ekFkS c.;ksM+k psrko.kh jk xhr eku[kS uS lkopsr djrkA x.ks'khykyO;kl ^mLrkn* vj jsornku pkj.k jkS okS vkst vj psruk jk vej lqj vkt yx xkbZtSAjsornku pkj.k jk cksy dS psr eku[kk psr] tekukS psr.k jkS vk;kS*] mLrkn vsdj rkS dSoSêqyd uS eksVÓkjka ekFkk ns.kk iM+lh* vj nwth ckj dSoS dS ^feu[kka ej tkokS gkly ernhtkS* vkS dkabZ\ cxr vj tu jh ihM+ lwa ljksdkj lktrk dfo jh euxr vGw>kM+ vjNViVkV bZ rkS gSA okS bZt mLrkn tudfo c.k lkph ckr dSo.k esa pwd uha djS vjtu&tu jS eu gsr&vi.kk;r jh ckr djSA dUgS;kyky lsfB;k ^/kjrh /kksjka jh* jp*jjktLFkkuh tho.k&njl.k jS lkFkS eku[kS uS v/;kRe X;ku fn;kS& vkijh uwaoh dfork lSyh

8

esa] uwaoS Hkkocks/k lkFkS bZLoj vj lalkj jh ykSfdd O;k[;k ljy lcnka esa djSA es?kjkteqdqy lSuk.kh* jS :i esa m.kht ohj ijEijk jS R;kx vj cfynku uS ;kn djkoSA jktLFkkuhohjkaxuk jkS vyk;nkS :i b.k eka; fpf=r gks;kS gSA vkijkS lhl ck<*j lSuk.kh nso.k okGhukjh ¼gkMh jk.kh½ vsd jktLFkkuh ohjkaxuk bZ gks; ldSA

lR;izdk'k tks'kh jh dforkoka lkaLØfrd jpko] clko vj c.kxV jh nhB lwa vkt vjdky uS tksM+rh ykxSA tq)* dfork esa dfo jk/kk* uS yksdukf;dk c.kk; eku[kS uS lkafrjkS lansl nsoSA dfo fxj/kkjh flag ifM+gkj ^eku[kkS* fy[k*j feu[ki.kS uS mckj.kh pkoSAlqHkæk jh n;k] e;k vj ohjrk jS lkFkS fo.kkldkjh tq) lwa gkso.k okGh gk.k uS vsdj Qsj<kc.k jk tru dfo djSA

^lSuk.kh* jh ohj ukjh vkijkS ekFkkS ck<*j drZO; jh lh[k nsoSA tq) dfork jh jkèkk izsejh Mksj esa Ñ".k uS cka/k*j QkStka uS ikNh eksM+.k jh [kSpy djSA eku[kkS* jh lqHkæk ohjksfprHkkoka lwa eku[kS uS mckj.k jkS] m.kjh fjNÓk jkS ç.k ysoSA ukjk;.k flag HkkVh jfpr nqxkZnkl*lwjohjrk] lke/kje vj vku&eku&ejtkn jkS :[kkGkS c.k vkijkS tl vk[kjka vej djSAdq- pUæflag izÑfr izseh jS;kA jktLFkkuh izÑfr dkO; esa ?k.kksbZ fljt.k gks;kS] m.kesapUæflag jh cknGh* e#/kjk ekFkS cjlS rkS e#oklh m.kjk foèk&foèk okj.kk ysoSA cknGh cjluS tho.k nso.k okGh gS] i.k jktLFkku jkS oklh rkS ^ywoka* jk vkdjk lHkko uS bZgalrkS&galrkS vaxstSA clar #r jh lxGh izkÑfrd lksHkk ^ywoka* uS HksaV p<korka m.kka jkSLokxr djS& vk gS jktLFkkuh laLØfr jh vksG[kk.kA jktLFkkuh laLØfr jh ckr tn vkoSrkS jktLFkkuh yksdxhrka uS fd;ka HkwyhtSA e#èkj jk pkok xhrdkj dkunku ^dfYir* jh^lh[kM+yh* jk ejeijlh Hkko yksdxhrka jh ijEijk uS thaorh jk[kS] rkS yksdxhr c/kkokS* dqGejtknk esa ca/;ksM+h lhyoarh] ytoarh dqGcgqoka jk euksHkkoka uS mtkxj djSA xhr esafnjht.k okGh vksiekoka esa ejtknk jh fyNe.k js[kk futj vkoS] ok bZ jktLFkkuh laLØfrjh ekB gSA

lkfgR; jh [kkl ckr gS eka;yh idM+ vj jktLFkkuh jpukdkjka esa vk gFkksVh HkjiwjjS;h gSA tBS dBSbZ feu[khpkjS jh lk[k tkorh nh[kS rkS vBS jkS lkfgR;dkj dye uS gfFk;kjc.kk;*j eku[kk :ih djl.k jkS funk.k djSA jktLFkkuh jpukdkj dkGtk ck;jk feu[kka esagsr&vi.kk;r jkS :a[kM+kS gfj;y c.k ySjkorkS jSoS] b.kjk lnho tru djrkS jS;kS gSA

eqjyh/kj O;kl jh dgk.kh cjlxkaB* esa gsByS rcdS jh thoktw.k jkS ekjfed fp=kemdsjhT;kS gSA C;kt[kksjh jh lkekftd cSekjh tSM+h dsbZ vc[kk;ka b.k lekt esa ns[khtS] dsbZdqjhrka ijEijkoka c.k*j eku[kS uS phaFkrh futj vkoSA lxGh folaxfr;ka jkS oj.ku jktLFkkuhlkfgR; esa gks;kS gSA u`flag jktiqjksfgr jh dgk.kh mMhd* eka jS okLrS Vkcj jS vNsg gsr jhckuxh gSA eka dS;ka ewaMkS HkjhtS* m.kht eka jh txS [kkyh gksoS rkS m.k Vkcj jkS tho.k fdÙkkSnksjkS gksoS] iNS mMhd rkS feu[k jS /khjt jh ikj[k djkoSA ^mMhd* jh ekjfedrk jS iNSjkes'oj n;ky JhekGh jh dkapGh* esa fdÙkh ekuoh laosnuk gS] vki.kh laLØfr jk vsd i[kuS mdsjrh ^dkapGh* dgk.kh fjfi;ka jkS lekt esa tksj vj vki.kpkj uS fucGkS crkoSA^dkapGh* jkS cVdkS le/kk jS okLrS ?k.keksykS gkS] m.kjh dher izse gkS] vi.kk;r gh] i.kiqlck jh futjka esa lko lLrkSA dj.khnku ckjB jh dgk.kh Fks ckjS tkokS* nks ihf<;ka vj

9

nks U;kjh&U;kjh voLFkkoka jkS fp=ke gS ft.kesa vsd bZ feu[k cxr jS lkFkS fdÙkks vlgk;]ykpkj gks; tkoS ftdkS dnSbZ ?kj jkS ekfyd gkSA [kqn jk xksMk pkyS ftÙkS lc dksbZ iwNS]iNS Vkcj bZ cw<k ekbrka uS cks> le>.k ykxSA Vkcjka jkS ekbrka jS okLrS vSM+kS Hkko laLdkjkajkS ukl djrkS nh[kSA cw<kikS rkS lc uS vko.kkS bZ gSA lklw okGh Bhdjh cgw jS R;kj jSoSA vkikajS ikfjokfjd <kapS ekFkS djkjh pksV gSA lkfgR;dkj jh dye esa tksj gS] oks fy[k NwVSAnkjksenkj rkS eku.k okGka ekFkS gSA

Ñ".kyky fo'uksbZ i;kZoj.k ekFkS ys[k fy[k izÑfr lapsruk jh lh[k nsoS rkS egsUæHkkukor jktLFkkuh yksddykoka ewjR;ka] ekaM.kk] QM+ka] Hkkar&Hkkarhyk jefr;k HkykabZ ekVh jkgksokS dS ydM+h jk c.kk;ksM+k] dlhnk dkjhxjh] eSanh&xwn.kka jkS ukeh oj.ku dj vka jS isVSgkso.k okGk ?kjsyw m|ksxka uS cèkko.k jh ckr djSA dyk&laLØfr jkS lksuk vj lokxk okGkSesG gSA vS dykoka vki.kh lkaLØfrd Fkkrh gSA m.kka uS #[kkG.kh ?k.kh t:jh gSA ewGnkunsikor jkS fucU/k vsdj Qsj vki.kh laLØfr jk #[kkGk laLdkjka jh ckr djSA HksGi lwa jS;*jHkkbZpkjS jh vksG[kk.k djkoSA HksGk jS;ka jk eksg mitSA eksg lwa izse c/kS] gsr lwa eku[kkSiks[khtSA ljlhT;ksM+k eku[kk lwa lekt vkxS c/kSA lkSHkkX;flag 'ks[kkor ^pkVw* fucU/k esafeu[k jkS vSM+kS QksVw [kSapS dS i<f.k;ka uS pko rkS vkoS] i.k dBSbZ&dBSbZ [kqn ekFkS ladkSgkso.k ykxSA feu[kka jh >wBh cMk;ka dj pkVw gjsd BkSM+ vkijh BkSM+ c.kk; bZ ysoSA fucUèktFkkjFk jS ?k.kkS uSM+kS gSA ukVd vj vsdkadh jS fel lkfgR;dkj lkph ckrka jh iSjoh djrkSlekt uS lkaijrsd futjka ns[kko.kh pkoSA lq.k.kk vj ns[k.kk esa ?k.kkS Qjd gksoSA xkaoka esagkso.k okGh jEerka vj jkeyhyk uS vkika fdÙkk pko lwa ns[krk] lw;Zdj.k ikjhd jkS cksGko.k*ukVd jkS NksVkS :i gSA b.kesa opuka jkS iky.k] lj.kS vk;k jh fjNÓk jkS Hkko gSA vS vki.khlaLØfr jk Fkkack gSA opuka jkS caf/k;kS vj lj.kS vk;ksM+ka jh fjNÓk jkS ç.k ys;*j vBS jkS ohjliwr tqxka&tqxka yx tho.k lwa tw>rkS jS;kS gSA m.kka jS R;kx&cfGnku jkS tl b.k vsdkadhesa gSA nslHkxr Hkkeklk* vsdkadh MkW- vkKkpUn HkaMkjh jh gSA Hkkeklk* jkS ukao daq.k uha tk.kStdkS egkjk.kk izrki uS vkijkS /ku ns;*j m.kka jh vc[kh iqG esa enr djh ghA vkt bZ nslesa nkunkrkoka uS ^Hkkeklk* jh miek fnjhtSA ^Hkkeklk* ;kstukoka iznsl vj nsl esa pkyS]ft.kjS isVS t:rean eku[kS jh vkfFkZd enr djhtSA lkfgR;dkj rkS ns[kS okS bZt ekaMSAvkijS tho.k jh ewa?keksyh ?kfM+;ka esa eSlwl djÓksM+h vkNh&HkwaMh lxGh ckrka m.kjS varl esajSoSA vk[kjka mdsjht*j oS laLej.k c.k tkoSA useukjk;.k tks'kh jkS ^lqjtks uk;d* ftÙkkSmjtkoku gS fcÙkkS bZ ulsM+h gSA ulkS dj.k lwa dkabZ uqdlk.k gksoS] feu[k jk lxGk xq.kulkS [kk; tkoS] vk ckr lkaEgh vkoSA vkt jh ;qok ih<h uS vk ckr le>.k jh ?k.kh njdkjgSA Jhyky uFkey tks'kh jkS js[kkfp=ke ^eD[k.klk* O;fDrxr xq.kka jkS [kqyklkS gSA vkSikBd uS euksjatd ykxS] i<rka&i<rka eD[k.klk jkS nhBko varl jh futjka esa gks;ka fcukuha jSoSA jk.kh y{ehdqekjh pwaMkor jkS tk=k laLej.k ^Egkjh tkiku tk=k* i<.ktksx gSAekuoh laosnuk txko.k okGkS vkS tk=k laLej.k fgjksflek jh fo.kkldkjh yhyk lkFkS lkafrekpZ jh jaxhyh fNc mdsj.k okGkS gSA fjiksrkZt tSM+h x| fo/kkoka bZ jktLFkkuh esa fy[khthgSA b.kjh vksG[kk.k djkoS fouksn lksekuh gal* jkS vsd fnu vkijkS*A vsd ukSdjhislk vknehjkS Nqêh jkS fnu dhdj chrS] m.kjkS iwjkS ys[kkS&tks[kkS vsd fjiksV jS :i esa jkspd <ax lwa

10

crkbZT;kS gSA ckr uS jk[k.k jkS vsd <c gkso.kkS pkbZtSA fnu jh l#vkr lwa ys;*j vkf[kjrkabZ vkijS lkFkS dkabZ&dkabZ ?kfVr gks;kS m.kjkS oj.ku bZ fjiksrkZt gSA jktLFkkuh x| jhfoèkkoka eka; lwa dha VkGoh jpukoka ikBÓØe esa jk[khth gSA

jktLFkkuh i| vj x| jh vS jpukoka jktLFkkuh lkfgR; jh nhB lwa vj Hkklk jh nhBlwa rkS fo|kfFkZ;ka okLrS ykHkdkjh gS bZ] b.kjS lkFkS m.kka jS O;kogkfjd X;ku esa c/kksrjhdjSykA

b.k iksFkh jS lEiknu esa EgkjS lkFkS dke djf.k;k lEiknd eaMy jkS vkHkkj ekuwa dSVSelj vkikS&vkijkS dke EguS lwafi;kSA Egkjk ifr efgikyflag vejkor uS ?k.kk jax dS oSb.k dke lk: iwjkS lS;ksx dj Egkjh gwal c/kkbZA Egkjk fo|kFkhZ MkW- uekeh'kadj vkpk;Z vjMkW- xkSjh'kadj dqypUæ jkS bZ lS;ksx lk: vkHkkjA vkxS bZ vki lxGka jkS lS;ksx feGrkSjSoSykA vk iksFkh fo|kfFkZ;ka jS X;ku uS iks[kS] b.kh vkl vj HkjkslS jS lkFkSA

MkW- ¼Jherh½ çdk'k vejkorMkW- ¼Jherh½ çdk'k vejkorMkW- ¼Jherh½ çdk'k vejkorMkW- ¼Jherh½ çdk'k vejkorMkW- ¼Jherh½ çdk'k vejkorv/;{k] jktLFkkuh foHkkx

jktdh; Mw¡xj egkfo|ky;] chdkusj

11

dgk.khdgk.khdgk.khdgk.khdgk.kh

cjlxkaBcjlxkaBcjlxkaBcjlxkaBcjlxkaB

eqjyh/kj O;kleqjyh/kj O;kleqjyh/kj O;kleqjyh/kj O;kleqjyh/kj O;kl

dgk.khdkj&ifjpSdgk.khdkj&ifjpSdgk.khdkj&ifjpSdgk.khdkj&ifjpSdgk.khdkj&ifjpSeqjyh/kj O;kl jkS tue laor~ 1955 jh pSr lqnh ckjl uS chdkusj esa gq;kSA jktLFkkuhfljt.k jk lejfir nldr gkA vki jktLFkkuh jh dsbZ fo/kkoka eka; jpko fd;kSA NI;ksM+hiksF;ka& cjlxkaB] bDdSokGkS] twuk thork fprjke] mTToy] ?kwejs] jktLFkkuh dgkorka ¼nksHkkx½ ljko.k tksx jS;h gSA vkijh jktLFkkuh jh lkarjh lsok jkS eksy vkadrk Fkdka fo}kukavkiuS jktLFkkuh jk 'kjr~pUæ vj jktLFkkuh dgk.kh jk Hkh"e firkeg jkS vk?kekau fn;kSA vki/kqu jk /k.kh] lQy ukVddkj] lekt&lq/kkjd vj izxfrlhy fopkj/kkjk jk fgek;rh gkA

ikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSladfyr dgk.kh esa ukUgS eksrh jh cjlxkaB jS fnu dGirS ?khlw jh nhu&nlk jkS njlko gSAdeBk.kS lwa /kkdkS uha /kdS t.kka vkoG&dkoG ljrka ekFkS #fi;k m/kkj yso.k jh ykpkjh]?kj esa FkM+h djrS Åanjka jk njlko vj Åij lwa [ka/kh pqdko.k jk rdknk---- djS rkS dkabZdjS\ vBhuS rkS ft;ka&fr;ka #fi;k m/kkj ys;*j eksrh jh cjlxkaB eukoS vj cBhuS vSu cxrekFkS [ka/kh Åxko.k lk: pksVk ?kqekork ehaMk egkjkt vk; iwxSA /k.kh&yqxkbZ ?k.kk bZfxM+fxM+koS] ix idM+S] i.k te jS nwrka uS HkykabZ n;k vk; tkoS] ehaMk egkjkt uS n;k uhavkoSA tn ?kj esa dha Hkh pht&cLr uha feGS rkS vk[kj eksrh jS gkFkka jk dfM+;k [kksl ysoSAdgk.kh jkS var ?k.kkS ekjfed gSA

cjlxkaBcjlxkaBcjlxkaBcjlxkaBcjlxkaB

esg&va/kkjh jkrA MkaQj pkySA dksf<;kSfl;kGS jkS eklA jkr jh vkB bZ cth dks;uh]i.k fdlkS dksbZ feu[k jkS tk;kS xGh esanhl tk;A ?khlw /kwtrkS&/kwtrkS jke&jkedjrkS ?kj esa cfM+;kSA eksrh jh eka cksyh&^^vk bZ dksbZ vko.k jh csGk gS\ vks<.k uSljhj ekFkS iksfG;ks*j vk ljnh! VSelj ?kjesa vk; tk;k djkSA eksrh jksaorkS&jksaorkS]dkdk&dkdk djrkS] g.kka bZ lwrkS gSA**

?khlw cksY;kS& ^deBk.kS lwa rkS VSelj bZNqêh gq;xh ghA i.k vsd&nks tkxka ibZlM+k

yko.k uS x;kS ijkSA jksthuk vktdy&vktdydjSA ibZlM+k gkFk vk; tkoS rkS eksrh jS:bZnkj dksV&lwFk.k djk; nwa vj vks<.kSlk: flj[k c.kko.k jkS diM+kS vki.kS okLrS bZykÅaA vcdS rkS fl;kGS jkS dke [kjk[kjh gSA

vkS fQdj NksM*j iSyh jksVh&ik.kh HksGkrkS gqokS** &vk dS*j eksrh jh eka mBh vjcktjh jk nks eksVk&eksVk lksxjk vj vsddVksjh esa yw.k&fejpka jh pV.kh yk*j vkxSesy nhA ?kklQwl ckG*j FkksM+ks&lsd txk;fn;kSA ykbZ [kM+[kM+hT;ksM+kS rkS vk;kS bZ gkS]

12

lsd ykxkS tn th esa th vk;kSA jksVh[kkorkS&[kkorkS cksY;kS& ^^fl;kGS dksf<;Sekl uS d.k ekaX;kS gkS\ vkS rkS Hkxokuka jS bZdke jkS gSA dSor esa bZ dSoS gS& fl;kGkSlsHkkfx;ka] nks*jkS nkstf[k;kaA**

jksVh [kk*j ?khlw xwnM+ka esa cM+X;kSA eksrhjh eka tkxka&tkxka lwa :bZ HksGh gq;ksM+h]tkGh&>jks[kka okGh >j>jdaFkk Åij lwaUgk[k nhA xksMk xGS esa ?kky*j ?khlw iM+ j;kSA

eksrh jh eka vsd QkVkS&lks iwj vks<*jlsd duS cSBh&cSBh Åu drj.k ykxhA Hkkxjh ckr] fpeuh uS vckj bZ cSj dk<.kkS gkSA?khlw cksY;kS& ^fpeuh esa fnu Fkdka rsy Hkjkykaorh---A**

^^Hkjk dBS lwa ykaorhA xêk egkjktcksY;k dS vkxyk ibZlk ns tkokS vj rsy ystkokSA**

^^rkS ehBS rsy jkS fn;kS bZ dj ysrhA**^êhBS rsy jh rkS dky iwM+h c.kk; yhA**?khlw nq[kh gks;*j cksY;kS& ^^dkabZ djka]

dkabZ uha djka\ duS QwVh dksMh dks;uhA**eksrh jh eka dS;kS& êhaMk egkjkt duS

lwa [ka/kh d<k;ykSA**^^tk.krh&cw>rh fd;ka v.kle> c.kS

gS\ xSyh ckrka djS gS\ ekjkt jh vkxyh[kaèkh rkS pwdh bZ dks;uhA ipkl jS isVSikap&ikap jh lxGh ikap [ka/;ka vckj rkabZiwxh gSA**

^^rkS phBh Qksjk; yksA ikNh ipkl jhfy[k nkSA**

^î.k iYyS dkabZ iM+lh\ ykjyh osGk40@& ns;*j 50@& jh phBh fy[kk;h ghAvcdS HkGS 50@& Åij 10@& dkV yslhA#fi;k rkS fx.krh jk 15@& bZ gkFk vklhA**

^îjlwa eksrhM+S jh cjlxkaB gSA dkabZ?kh&xqM+ rkS yko.kkS bZ iM+lhA ekrkth jhiwtk gqlhA truka jkS dke gSA**

^^xjhcka jk tru jketh djlhA ruS rkSiwtk jh fpark gS ij EguS vkS fQdj gSA dBSbZekjkt Nkrh ekFkS vk; pf<;k rkS dkabZdjlwaA

¼2½¼2½¼2½¼2½¼2½vBhuS lh fnu nw.kkS ped.k ykxkS] cBhuS

?khlw uS lh&j[kS jS diM+ka jh fpark pkSx.khykxh] duS v[kr jk cht bZ ughaA vktdeBk.kS jh Nqêh gq;h tn jkewM+S dkjhxj uSlkxS ys*j euth ekjkt jS ?kjS x;kS vj[kaèkh Åij #fi;k ekaX;kA euth ekjktxkseq[kh esa gkFk ?kkfy;ka cSBk ti dj jS;k gkvj lkxS&lkxS [ka/khokGka lwa jksM+&>ksM+ djrktkaork gkA ekGk jk fef.k;k bZ lkxS&lkxSxqM+drk gkA ?khlw jh ckr lq.k*j cksY;k&^ûk js HkkbZ! Fkka lwa dq.k ikukS ?kkyS! Fkkajk#fi;k vko.kk cMk ph<k gSA**

vk[kj jkewM+S jh flQkjl ekFkS dabZd<G*j cksY;k& ^^ns[k HkkbZ! xksFkGh [kksykbZjk] dcwrjka jS nk.kS jk vj phBh fy[kkbZ jkykxSykA bLVke jk ibZlk U;kjk gSA**

?khlw cksY;kS& ^êkjkt! xjhc gwa] EguSb.k rjS rkS ikslk---A**

^^t.kS nkSM+ tk lh/kh bZ ukd jh MkaMhAfd.k ruS ihGk pkoG HksT;k gkA vjs jkaM jkdkpk! /kje jh tM+ lnk gjh jSoS gSA èkje jkibZlk dk<rka th Åij fd;ka vkoS gS\ MwcX;kSlukru /kje!**

^^Bhd ekjkt! vki QjekokS T;wa&bZ eatwjgSA**

^î.k gwa rkS ruS tk.kwa dks;uhA tkeuh?kyko.kh iM+SykA**

^^tkeuh] jkewth ?kky nslhA**25@& jh phBh fy[khth ftdS esa 5@&

dkVS jk] 1@& xksFkGh [kksykbZ jkS] vkBvkuk dcwrjka jS nk.kS jk] vj pkj vkuk phBhfy[kkbZ j vj bLVke jk ibZlk dkV*j dqytek 18@& ?khlw jS iYyS ifM+;kA

13

¼3½¼3½¼3½¼3½¼3½?khlw ?k.kkS bZ lksp&fopkj*j [kjp djÓkS

i.k rksbZ diM+ka&yÙkka jk 15@& [kjp gq;X;kAckdh eksrh jh cjlxkaB [kkrj xqM+&?kh yko.kesa ykxX;kA ikNk gq;X;k ckcSth jh tkrA

eksrh jh eka ekrkth c.kk;k] i[kkG djk;kS]NkaVkS ?kkfy;kS] ukjsG c/kkfj;kS] /kwi&nhidj*j ykilh jkS Hkksx /kfj;kSA gkFk tksM+*jvjnkl djh& ^êka! feu[kka dqlG jk[kS]NksjS uS lks*jkS jk[kS] vcdGS vk;h tdS lwalok;h vk;SA** eksrh jS fyykM+ esa VhdkSdkf<;kS vj ?khlw uS the.k jkS d;kSA

?khlw cksY;kS& ÊguS rkS vckj lh&daikykxS gSA xqnM+h Ugk[k nSA Fks theykSA EgkjSrkS rko mrfj;ka ckrA**

eksrh jh eka ?k.kh dSok&lq.kh djh tnekrkth uS NkaVkS ?kky*j ewaMkS vSaB.k uS cSBkSbZ gkS dS bÙkS esa ehaMk ekjkt vk;*j ?kksVkS?kqek;kS bZA xjtuk djh& ^^yk js ?khlwM+k![kaèkh jk #fi;k yk!**

?khlw jS gkFk jkS dokS gkFk esa bZ jS;X;kSAykpkjh lwa cksY;kS& ^vcdGS ekQh nkS ekjkt!vxyS eghuS nksuwa [kaf/k;ka lkxS bZ ns nslwaA**

^^nslh dBS lwa\ cki jS flj lwa! Bkdj}kjkSpoM+kS ?k.kkS! vkxykS&QkxykS rkS gwa tk.kwadks;uhA nkokS Bjdk; nwaykA iNS ekFkS gkFkns;*j jksoSykA >[k ekj*j dkdksth&dkdksthdS*j #fi;k /kj.kk iM+SykA**

eksrh jh eka cksyh& êkjkt! gkFk tksM+wgwa] vcdGS ekQh cxlkSA vkt Vkcj jhcjlxkaB---A**

^^cGxh jkaM cjlxkaB! csVk eky mMkoSvj yS.kk;rka uS vaxwBkS crkoS gSA**

^êkjkt! eky dBS ifM+;k gSA VqdM+kfeG tklh rkS bZ ?k.kk gSA**

^ûk HkkbZ! dqabZ gksokS] gwa rkS vkt yk[kkagkFkka bZ VGwa dks;uhA #fi;k ys;*j bZ tklwaA**

^^?khlw] ekjkt jk ix >ky*j cksY;kS&ekjkt! vcdGh ckj ekQh cxlk; nkSAvkxyS eghuS---**

^êkQ dq.k djS dqê.k! EgkjS rkSvk;ka&x;ka bZ dke pkyS gSA jka>V er dj!csxk #fi;k nSA**

^^duS gksaork ekjkt rkS vkijk vckjrkabZ dka;uS jk[krk\ duS rkS QwVh dksMh bZdks;uhA**

^^rkS dkabZ pht >yk; nSA #fi;k ns;*jikNh ys tkbZtSA** b;ka dS;*j ekjkt rhukauS flj lwa ixka rkabZ ns[;k i.k fd.kh jSljhj ekFkS pkanh jh rhc bZ dks ns[kh uhaAeksrh jS gkFkka esa nks dfM+;k pkanh jk nsf[k;kA

^^yk yk! cl] vc eksM+kS er dj!**^ÊgkjS duS rkS pht u cLrA vk dk;k

iM+h gS] ys tkokSA vkxyS eghuS vki jk dkabZHkko bZ #fi;k jk[kwa dks;uh\ vcdGh ckjekQ djkS] Qsj---**

^^Qsj EgkjS djeka jk] tn bZ rkS rSa&lwaikukS ifM+;kSA csVkS myVkS jax tekoS gSApht&cLr fd;ka dks;uh\ lkGS jh uh;r bZrkackS gSA nsoS dBS lwa!** vk dS;*j >V eksrhjk gkFk idfM+;k bZtA eksrh eka&cki lkaEghns[k*j jkso.k ykX;kS& êka! eka! dkdk! dkdk!--- vkS--- Egkjk dfM+;k--- vkS--- dfM+;k--- dfM+;kjs--- vks eka--- vks;js---!**

?khlw cSBkS&cSBkS ns[krkS j;kSA eka ewa/kkSekFkkS fd;ka teha ekFkS iM+h ghA

zz

14

vc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkMk¡Qj¾rst BaMh gokA dksf<+;ks¾ihM+knk;dA /kwtrk¾dkairkA cfM+;ks¾Hkhrj vk;kS] eka;vk;kSA iksfG;ks¾irGkS diM+kSA g.kka¾vckjA [kjk[kjh¾dfBukbZ] mfprA lksxjk¾cktjS jhjksVhA lsd¾rkiA ykbZ¾fcpkjkS] ykpkjA [kM+[kM+hft;ksMh¾BaM lwa dkairhA nksjks¾vc[kkS]eqldyA lsHkkxh;ka¾HkkxokGkA nkstf[k;ka¾ujd tSM+kS tho.k thof.k;kA >j>jdaFkk¾twuhQkfV;ksM+h] yhjkyhjA iwj¾cksnk xkHkkA vkxyk¾iSyka jkA [ka/kh¾fdLrA vckj rkabZ¾vktrkabZA fpBh¾m/kkjh jkS dkxnA ikNh¾QsjA v[kr jk cht¾duS dha uha gkso.kkSAjkSM+&>ksM+¾okn&fooknA ikuh ?kkyS¾lac/k c.kkoSA phMk¾nkSjk gSA ikslk¾fuHkukA tkeuh¾xkj.VhAckcSth jh tkr¾dqN Hkh u cpukA i[kkG djkbZ¾iz{kyuA lhdaik¾fl;kGS jh /kwt.khArko¾cq[kkjA ewaMkS vSB.k¾the.k uS cSB.kkSA ?kksVks ?kqek;ks¾vk; /keD;kA dokS¾dkSjA vxyk¾vkxSjkA yk[kka gkFkka bZ VGw ub±¾fd.kh rjS uha ekuwaA rhc¾rql ftÙkkS xS.kkSA eksM+kS¾vcsGksA ikuksifM+;kS¾lkcdks iM+ÓkSA mYVkS jax tekoS¾myVh /kkSal fn[kko.kkSA uh;r bZ rkacks¾[kksVhuh;rA ewaèkks¾ÅaèkkSA MkaQj¾fl;kGS jh BaMh gokA dksf<;kS¾nq[k nso.k okGkSA /kwtrk¾dkairkAg.kka¾vckj] b.k ?kM+hA [kjk[kjh¾iDdh ckr] lkphA lsd¾rkiA tru¾fjNÓk] lkaHk*jjk[k.kkSA

lokylokylokylokyloky

fodfodfodfodfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- eksrh jh ek fpeuh esa rsy D;wa uh Hkjk ldh&

¼v½ ?kj esa rsy uha gkS ¼c½ nqdku can gh¼l½ iSyh jk ibZlk nso.kk gk ¼n½ [kqn duS ibZlk uha gk

¼ ½2-euth ekjkt xkseq[kh esa gkFk ?kkfy;ka dkabZ dj jS;k gk&

¼v½ ekGk Qsj jS;k gk ¼c½ ti dj jS;k gk¼l½ Hktu dj jS;k gk ¼n½ lqej.k dj jS;k gk

¼ ½3- ehaMk ekjkt ?khlw lwa dkabZ ekaX;kS&

¼v½ ibZlk ¼c½ xg.kk¼l½ [ka/kh ¼n½ ijlkn

¼ ½4- eka! eka! dkdk! dSorkS eksrh D;wa jks; jS;kS gkS&

¼v½ ihM+ lwa ¼c½ ekj lwa¼l½ dfM+;k [kkSl.kS lwa ¼n½ dfM+;k xqe.kS lwa

¼ ½lko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- ?khlw ?kj esa cfM+;kS t.kS dkabZ pkyS gh\2- ?khlw deBk.kS lwa ?kjka eksM+kS D;wa vk;kS\

15

3- phBh fyf[k;ka iNS ?khlw jS fdrjk fjfi;k iYyS ifM+;k\4- eksrh jh dfM+;k [kkslrk ns[k eksrh vj ?kjokGh jh dkabZ nlk gqbZ\

NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- etwjh jk ibZlk gkFk vk;ka ?khlaw dkabZ yko.kh pkorkS\2- ^/kje jh tM+ lnk gjh jSosA* vk ckr dq.k fd.kuS vj dn dS;h\4- eksrh jh eka gkFk&tksM+ eka lwa dkabZ vjnkl djh\5- euth xjhcka uS m/kkj ns;^j fd.k rjS olwy djrk\6- eksrh eka&cki lkaEgh ns[k^j D;wa jkso.k ykxkS\

ys[k:Ik iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:Ik iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:Ik iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:Ik iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:Ik iM+wÙkj okGk loky1 dgk.kh jk ewG&rÙoka jS vk/kkj ekFkS cjlxkaB* dgk.kh jh leh{kk djkSA2- ^?khlw jh twa.k xjhc jh twa.k jkS lkpks fprjke gSA^ dgk.kh jS dFk jS vk/kkj ekFkS oj.ku

djkSA3- ^cjlxakB* vk/kqfud dgk.kh jh l#vkrh dgk.kh gSA vk/kqfud dgk.kh lwa b.kjkS vkarjkS

liLV djkSA4- dgk.kh cjlxkaB* laosnuk lwa Hkjiwj dgk.kh gSA* dFku uS /;ku esa jk[krk Fkadk dgk.kh

jS edln jkS [kqyklkS djkSA5- uhpS fnjhth vksfG;ka jh ijlaxkÅ O;k[;k djkS&¼v½ ^^tk.krh&cw>rh fd;ka v.kle> c.kS gSA xSyh ckrka djS gSA ekjkt jh vkxyh [ka/kh rkS

pqdh bZ dks;uhA ipkl jS isVS ikap&ikap jh lxGh ikap [ka/;ka vckj tkbZ iwxh gSA** rkSphBh Qksjk;ykSA ikNh ipkl jh fy[kok; nsokSA

¼c½ euth ekjkt xkseq[kh esa gkFk ?kkfy;k cSBk ti dj jS;k gk vj lkxS&lkxS [ka/khokGklwa jksM+&>ksM+ djrk tkork gkA cksfy;k&^^uk js HkkbZA Fkka lwa dq.k ikuks ?kkySA Fkka jkfjfi;k vko.kk cMk ph<k gSA**

¼l½ vk dS;^j >V eksrh jk gkFk idfM+;k bZtA eksrh eka&cki lkaEgh ns[kj jkso.k ykXkkS&^^ek! ek! dkdk! dkdk!&vks&Egkjk dfM+;k&vks&dfM+;k&dfM+;k js&vks eka&vks; jsA**?khlw cSBkS&cSBkS ns[krkS jS;kS! eka ewa/kkS ekFkkS fd;ka teha ekFkS iM-h ghA

16


mMhdmMhdmMhdmMhdmMhd

MkW- u`flag jktiqjksfgrMkW- u`flag jktiqjksfgrMkW- u`flag jktiqjksfgrMkW- u`flag jktiqjksfgrMkW- u`flag jktiqjksfgr

dgk.khdkj ifjpSdgk.khdkj ifjpSdgk.khdkj ifjpSdgk.khdkj ifjpSdgk.khdkj ifjpSMkW- u`flag jktiqjksfgr jkS tue laor~ 1981 esa ckM+esj ftyS jS [kkaMi xkao esa gq;kSA vkijktLFkkuh jk pkok&Bkok vj ywaBk dFkkdkj gkA vkijh dgkf.k;ka vkt jS tutho.k vjjktLFkkuh laLÑfr jh fNc jS lkxS xzkeh.k ifjosl uS njlkoSA vkijk izdkflr dgk.kh&laxzSgS& iqUu jkS dke*] jkroklkS*] vej pwuM+h*] izHkkfr;kS rkjkS*] eÅ pkyh ekGoS* vj v/kwjklqiuk*A b.kjS VkG vki dsbZ iksF;ka jkS jktLFkkuh esa vuqokn dfj;kSA vki jktLFkkuh jhekfld if=dk ^ek.kd* esa cjlka yx mi laiknd jS;kA dgk.kh&laxzS ^v/kwjk lqiuk* ekFkSvkiuS lkfgR; vdkneh] ubZ fnYyh jkS jktLFkkuh iqjLdkj feGÓkSA b.kjS vykok bZ vkiuSeksdGk iqjLdkj feGÓk vj dsbZ lkfgfR;d laLFkkoka lwa lEekfur gq;kA

ikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSMkW- u`flag jktiqjksfgr jh ^mMhd* ?k.kh eje okGh dgk.kh gSA NksVk Vkcjka uS fcy[krkNksM*j eka jkS csVSe ej.k feu[k jk dka/kk Hkkax nsoSA NksVS Vkcj fdluw jS foLokl uS uha VwV.knso.k eka; ekekslk&HkbZlk&cSu jkS tho pkSchlwa ?kM+h vkdG&okdG jSoSA eka ekanh gS] vsdfnu ok t:j vkoSyk] m.kjh mMhd eka; fur jkst xkao jS /kksjS ekFkS cl jh VSe tk;*j ÅHktko.kkS] eka jk twuk xkHkka esa yisVht uS eka jS vksj.kS lkxS vaxwBkS pwa?krS fdluw jS lkso.kjkS fprjke brjkS ejekGw gS dS ikBd jkS fg;kS Hkjht tkoS] vka[;ka McMckbZt tkoSA vkdgk.khdkj jh lS lwa cMh lQGrk gSA vk jktLFkkuh jh fljS dgkf.k;ka eka; lwa vsd gSA

mMhdmMhdmMhdmMhdmMhd

;wa jkex<+ chlwa ckj vk;kS x;kS gwa] i.kvcdkGS mBS tko.kkS ?k.kkS vka>kS ykX;kSAeu tk.kS fd;kabZ gkso.k ykX;kSA iS*yh tndnSbZ jkex<+ tko.k jkS ekSdkS feGrkS] euesa ?k.kh gwal jSorh] P;kj fnuka iSyh*t vsdv.kcksy.kh [kqlh eu esa Hkjht tkorh vjeu gj c[kr Hkfj;kS jSorkSA eksVj esa cSBrkSrn rkS eksVj jh pky jS lkxS ok [kqlh i.krjrj c/krht tkorh vj eksVj jk gPphM+kjS lkxS m.kesa i.k mNkGk vkork jSorkA i.k

vkt jh gkyr lQk mYVh ghA xkMh lwamrjuS eksVj dkauh jokauS fOg;kS rkS ix blkHkkjh ykX;k tk.kS e.k&e.k otu ca/;kS OgSAmnkl eu lwa okauS fd;ka bZ fBjM+rkS&fBjM+rkSeksVj esa vk;uS cSBÓkS rkS cSBrk ika.k vsdtksj jk gphM+k lkxS ok LVkV OgSxhA tka.kSm.kuS oSe gkS dS EgSa vkGka.kkS uha dj nwa vjikNkS jokauS uha OgS tkÅaA

dkpk ekjx ij /kwM+ jk xksV mBrk jákvj gPphM+k jS lkxS uSuk&uSuk xkao ykjS

17

NwVrk jákA vcS rj&rj jkex<+ <wdM+kSvko.k ykX;kSA iS*yh iuth pOgk.k jkS csjkSvkoSyk vj iNS vj.kka okGkS lsfj;kSA ykacklsfj;k jS nksuwa dkauh dksjk vj.kk bt vj.kkAlsfj;k ckjS fudGrka bZ rkS jkex<+ jk >kM+dknh[k.k ykx tkoSyk vj iNS rkS iwxrka vsdfpye HkjS ftrjh tst ykxSykA eksVj ÅHkhjSoS mBS [kklh HkhM+ OgSykA dksbZ jS eksVj esacSBuS vkxS tko.kkS OgSyk rkS dksbZ fd.kh jSlkaEgh vk;kS OgSykA ikNyh lky EgSa vk;kStn /kkiw vj fdluw nksU;wa cSu&HkkbZ EgkjSlkaEgk vk;k gkA fdluw rkS EguaS ns[krka ika.krkfG;ka ctk;&ctk;uS ukp.k ykxX;kS gkS&ekekslk vk;k js--- ekekslk vk;k---A vj /kkiwrkS idM+ /kkcfG;kS gkFk esa vj nM+hNaV ?kjkankSM+xh gh& ckbZ uaS c/kkbZ nso.k uS dS m.kjkSohjkS vk;X;kS gSA

[kíhM+--- [kíhM+--- gCchM+--- gCchM+A eksVjjk Nktyk esa feu[kka jk NksVk&eksVk nk.kkmNG&mNGuS uhpk iM+rk gkA ftrjS rkSvsd tksj jkS gPphM+kS ykX;kS vj Egkjh >sjVwVhA jkex<+ vk;X;kS gkSA eksVj Berka bZyksx&ckx p<.k&mrj.k ykX;kA EgSa bZ uhpSmrfj;kS vj csx mBk;uS jokauS fOg;kSA HkhM+lwa ckjS fudGÓkS rkS /kM+k ekFkS ÅHkk vsdVkcj ekFkS futj iM+hA eu esa oSe fOg;kSfdluw rkS uha gS dBSbZ\ uk&uk] vkS fdluwgjfxt uha OgS ldSA cky fc[kjÓksM+k]gkFkka&ixka ij eSy jk /kkjM+k tE;ksM+k vjljhj ekFkS Qxr vsd eSykS&lhd dqM+fr;kSAewa<S esa gkFk jkS vaxwBkS ?kkY;ka okS [kjh ehVlwa eksVj dkauh ns[kS gkSA EgSa FkksM+kS uSM+kSx;kSA vjs! vkS rkS lkx.k fdluw bZt nhlSAEgkjS vpwaHkk jkS rkS fBdk.kkS bZ uha jákSA EgSam.kuS /khjS&lhd crGk;kS& fdluw\ i.km.k /;kau bt uha fn;kSA okS rkS vaxwBkSpwlrkS] vka[;ka QkM+&QkM+uS eksVj dkauhns[kS gkSA

EgSa Qs:a tksj lwa dákS& ^Hkk.kwa!** vcdS

okS EgkjS dkauh ns[;kSA eksVh&eksVh vka[;ka]lQsn&lQsn dks;ka esa uSuh&uSuh dhfd;ka]xkyka ekFkS vkalqoka jk Vsjk lw[kksM+kA fNu&HkjrkS okS ns[krkS bZt jákSA iNS vsdne eqGduScksY;kS& êkekslk] Fks vk;X;k! EgSa rkS jkstFkkajS lkaEgh eksVj ekFkS vkowaA**

^^t.kS bZt rkS EgSa FkuaS feG.k uS vk;kS gwaHkk.kwaA**

^î.k Egkjh ckbZ dBS ekekslk\ HkkbZlkrkS jkst dSoS dS vcS m.kuaS lQk[kkuk lwaNqêh feG tkoSyk vj Fkkjk ekekslk m.kuSys;uS vkoSykA** okS vBh&mBh ns[kuS foy[kkSiM+X;kS vj EguS tckc nso.kkS Hkkjh iM+X;kSAEgSa vcS m.k HkksGk desM+k uS dkabZ tckcnsorkSA m.k jk foLokl uS fd;ka [kaMrdjrkSA ft.k mEesn jh Mksj ekFkS okS thoS gkSm.kuS fd;ka rksM+rkSA ft.k ojr jS lgkjS okSosjk esa mrfj;ksM+kS gkS] m.kuS fd;ka ck<rkSAEgSa FkksM+kS laHkGuS dákS& ^ckbZ gky ekanh gSHkkbZ] ok lQk Bhd uha OgS ftrjS m.kuSlQk[kkuk lwa Nqêh feGS dksuhA EgSa m.kuSxksnh esa Åapk; fy;kSA

^^dnS Nqêh feGSyk\ Fks lsax dwM+k cksykSgkS] EguS fpxkokSA** okS vkarh vk;uS jkso.kykxX;kSA EgSa m.kuS Nkrh jS psi uS cqpdkj.kykxX;kS gkS rkS gwpdS HkjhtX;kSA EgSa uhBiksVk;&iqVw; uS NkaukS jkf[k;kSA

^^ns[k Fkwa rkS le>.kkS gS Hkk.kwaA ckbZfdrjk fnu ?kjS ekanh iM+h jh] vcS nok uhadjkoS rkS lkoG dhdj OgS crk\ Bhd OgSrkabZ EgSa m.kuS ys;uS vkowaykA vsd ns[k] FkkjSokLrS ok FkSyh HkjuS jesdM+k HksT;k gS vjdsok;kS gS dS b.kka esalwa /kkiw uS vsd bZ ernhtSA**

vcS tkorkS m.kuS FkksM+kS Fkkol ck/kkSA okSvka[;ka iwaNrkS cksY;kS] ÊguS bZ ckbZ duS yspkykS uha ekekslkA EgSa m.kuS dksbZ nq[k uhanwaykA ckbZ fcuk EguS dha pks[kkS uha ykxSAvBS EguS HkkbZlk yM+S vj /kkiwM+h jkaM EguS

18

jkst dwVSA ckbZ rkS EgkjS gkFk bZ uha yxkorhA**^^Fkwa ukuhth duS pkySyk fdluwa\ oS

FkkjkS ?k.kkS ykM jk[kSyk vj mBS FkuS dksbZuha dwVSykA**

Egkjh ckr m.kuS tph dksuhA FkksM+h rkGokS BSjuS cksY;kS& ^EgkjS rkS ckbZ duS tko.kkSgS] ukuhth duS uha tko.kkSA** iNS EgkjkS gkFkidM+uS Qsj cksY;kS] ^^ekekslk] Nksjk EguSdSoS dS Fkkjh ckbZ rkS ejxhA**

eu esa vsd /kDdkS&lks ykX;kS] rkS bZ EgSadákS& ^lQk dwM+ cksyS udVk] oS FkuS ;wa bZfpM+koSA**

?kjka vk;uS m.kuS uhpkS vkax.kS mrkjfn;kSA i.k gs jke! b.k ?kj jh vk gkyrAdBS rkS okS cqgkfj;kS&>kfM+;kS] uhfi;kS& xwafi;kSnsork jeS ftlkS dwaiGh OgS ftlkS ?kj vjdBS vkS Hkwr[kkukSA BkSM+&BkSM+ dpjk jkf<xyk] vkax.kk jk uhcM+k gsVS chaVka jkFkksdM+k] vsaBokM+k okl.k] m?kkM+kS i.ksjkS vjHkj.kkV djrh ekf[k;kaA lxGk ?kj ekFkSvsd vtk.kh mnklh] vsd v.kcksyh fN;kaA

EgSa /kkiw uS gkdkS fd;kS rkS ok ikM+kSl jk?kj lwa nkSM+h vkbZA i.k lnSbZ dk T;wa vk;uSixka esa ckFk uha ?kkyhA nl cjl jh Nksjh N%eghuk esa bZt tk.kS Mksdjh OgSxh ghA lwD;ksM+kSewaMkS] eSyk&eSyk xkHkk] ekFkkS tk.kS lwxf.k;kajkS ekGkSA EgSa ekFkS gkFk Qsfj;kS rkS okfNcjka&fNcjka jkso.k ykxhA uhB cksyh jk[khA

gkFkkSgkFk ?kj jh lQkbZ djuS uhacM+k jhfN;ka esa ekapk ekFkS cSBÓkS rkS eu tk.kSfd;kabZ OgSX;kSA ?kj jk [kw.kk&[kw.kk lwa ckbZjh ;kn tqfM+;ksM+h ghA ;wa ykX;kS tk.kS okjlksM+k esa cSBh jlksbZ c.kk; jh gS vj vckjEguS cqyk; ysykA tk.kS ok xokM+h esa cSBhxk; nw; jh gS vj vckj fdluw uS fxyklyko.k jkS gkdkS dj nSykA tk.kS <kfG;k esacSBh ?kjVh Qsj jh gS vj vckj ohjkS xko.kkSl: dj nSykA

EguS ohjkS lq.k.k jkS vj ckbZ uS ohjkS

xko.k jkS fdrjkS dksM gkS] ft.kjkS dksbZ ikjuhaA EgSa vkorkS ftrjh okj ykjS iM+ tkorkS&^^ckbZ] vsdj rkS ohjkS lq.kk; nsA** vj ok>h.kk daB lwa l: dj nsorh( vkt bZ b.kvGl nksikj jh ikSj esa ;wa ykX;kS tk.kS oklkaEgh cSBh ohjkS xkoS gS&

ckxka esa ckT;k taxh <ksy'kgjka esa ckth lqj.kkbZ thvk;kS EgkjkS tke.k tk;kS ohjpwuM+ rkS Y;k;kS jsleh th

--- --- ---esywa rkS Nkc HkjhtSrksywa rkS rksGk rhl thvks<wa rkS ghjk f[kj tk;Hk:a rkS gkFk ipkl th

--- --- ---ckxka esa ckT;k taxh <ksy'kgjka esa ckth lgukbZ thvk;kS EgkjkS tke.k tk;kS ohjpwuM+ rkS Y;k;kS js'keh th

--- --- ---ykjyh lky EgSa vk;kS tn cSBkS&cSBkS

ohjkS lq.krkS gkS vj ckbZ xkorh gh] m.kc[kr u tk.kS xkorka&xkorka dkabZ fOg;kS lksm.kjkS daB /kwt.k ykX;kS vj vka[;ka HkjhtxhAEgSa m.kjkS gkFk idM+uS dákS& ^^vks D;wackbZ\** rkS cksyh&^^dkabZ uha js ohjk] eutk.kS ;wa bZ fd;ka bZ OgSX;kSA lksP;kS Fkwa jkstohjkS xokoS i.k dq.k tk.kS] lkx.k dkeiM+lh tn EgSa jSL;wa dS uha\**

^^Fkwa blkS [kjkc lkspS bZt D;wa\** EgSadákSA

^^;wa bZ js HkkbZ] b.k dkph dk;k jkS dkabZHkjkslkS] vkt gS vj dky uhaA nwtkS ft.kuSft.k pht jh gwal ?k.kh OgS] ok iwjh uha fOg;kdjSA**

xGk esa dkaVk&lk vVd.k ykX;k vjuhacM+k ekFkS MksM dkxyk cksy.k ykX;k&Øka--- Øka--- ØkaA fdluw dBh x;kS\ jlksM+k

19

esa /kkiw vsdyh cSBh lkx oankjrh gh] m.kuSiwNÓkS rkS tk.k iM+h dS duyk dejk esalwrkS OgSykA tk;uS ns[;kS] vkax.kk ekFkSQkVk&rwVk xkHkk fcNk;uS lwrkS gkS vj ckFkesa vsd vksj.kkS HkjÓksM+kS gkSA EgSa [kklh rkGÅHkkS&ÅHkkS m.k jk HkksGk&<kGk psgjk uSns[krkS jákSA okS jS;&jS;uS vkijk uSuk&uSukgksBka uS HksGk djuS Åa?k esa bZ cksckS pwa?krkSOgS T;wa clM+&clM+ djrkS gkSA

/kkiw cksyh] ^^vkS jkr jk ;wa bZt lksoSekekslkA ts ckbZ jk diM+k b.kuS vks<.k&fcNko.k uS uha nsoka rkS b.kuS Åa?k bZ uhavkoSA vsd jkr vkS HkkbZlk lkFkS lwrkS rkSlxGh jkr tfx;kSA vkS dSoS dS b.k diM+kaesa EguS ckbZ jh ckl vkoS] ft.k lwa Åa?k >Vvk; tkoSA b.k okLrS bZt HkkbZlk vS diM+k/kqikoS dksuhA

EguS Egkjh ihGdh xk; jkS okS yokfj;kS;kn vk;X;kS ftdkS Qxr chlsd fnu jkS gkSdS m.kjh ek ejxhA rhu fnu rkabZ okS Bk.klwa?krkS jákS] tBS m.kjh ek cka/khtrhA NsoVpkSFkS fnu MsaMkM+ djrS izk.k NksM fn;kA vjvkS yokfj;k ftlkS bZt vcksèk fdluw tksQxr ikap cjl jkS gS vj b.kjh tke.kejxh] m.kuS ts ek;M+ jk ijlsok jh ckllwa?;ka fcuk Åa?k uha vkoS rkS b.kesa bpjt jhckr bZ dkabZ\

FkksM+h rkG esa okS tkX;kS rkS EgSa m.kuSdákS& ^^pky Hkk.kwa] FkuaS fluku djk; nwaAns[k FkkjS Mhy ekFkS fdrjkS eSy teX;kS gSvj dqM+rkS fdlkSd eSykS ?kk.k OgSX;kS gSAFkuaS lwx bZ uha vkoS HkksGk\ iS*yh rkS FkwafdrjkS lkQ&lqFkjkS vj QwVjkS Qj~jkS jSorkSAvcS FkkjS dkabZ OgSX;kS gS\** okS vsd lcn bZuha cksY;kS] pqipki EgkjS ykjS vk;X;kSA i.kEgSa m.kjkS dqjrkS mrjko.k ykX;kS rkS okSvsdne jhlka cGrkS cksY;kS& ^îS*yh ekFkkSer dk<kS uS iS*yh cka;ka mrkjkS& ;waA** okSvkijkS uSukS&lhd gkFk ÅapkS djuS cksY;kSA

EgSa okS dákS T;wa iS*yh cka;ka esa lwa gkFkdk<uS iNS m.kuS ckYVh jS duS fcBk;uSyksVkS HkjuS m.kjS ekFkk ij dw<.k ykX;kS] rkSvsd ne yksVkS EgkjS gkFk lwa >M+iuS QsadrkSFkdkS cksY;kS& îS*yh gkFkka ixka jS eSy mrkjSdS iS*yh ekFkk ekFkS ika.kh uk[kS\ brjk eksVkOgSX;k rkS bZ fluku djko.kkS bZ uha vkoSAckbZ rkS lc lwa iS*yh Egkjk gkFk&ix fHkxks;uS/khjS&/khjS eSy djrhA iNS ewa<kS /kks;uS ykMdjrh vj iNS ekFkk ekFkS ik.kh uk[krh] vSrkS ys ik.kh uS /kM+ M+ M+ M+A vk /kkiwM+h bZjkaM jkst ;wa bZt djS] tjS bZt rkS EgSafluku uha d:aA**

EguS nq[k esa bZ gal.kkS vk;X;kSA EgSadákS& ^ys HkkbZ] ckbZ djkoS T;wa bZt flukudjkowayk FkuS iNS rkS dkabZ uha\ EgSa m.k jkgkFk&ix fHkxks;uS MjrkS&MjrkS èkhjS&èkhjSeSy dk<.k ykX;kSA dkabZ HkjkslkS] jhlka cGrkSvcdS yksVkS ys;uS Egkjk ekFkk esa uha Bjdk;nsA i.k blh dksbZ ckr uha OghA dke m.kjhejth jS ekQd gkso.k lwa okS ckrka dj.kykX;kS& ^^ckbZ rkS EguS [kksGk esa fcBk;uSèkhjS&èkhjS nw/k ikorhA xje OgSrkS rkS iS*yhvkaxGh ?kkyuS ns[k ysorhA QhdkS OgSrkS rkSpk[kuS [kkaM FkksM+h Qsj uka[krhA vj vsHkkbZlk rkS lkaEgh cSBuS ekMka.kh ikoA nwèk esa?kh uka[k nsoS vj iNS tksj dj&djuS dSoS&îh· ih··A* vj vk /kkiwM+h jkaM ykjS jh ykjSîhoS D;wa uha js! ihoS D;wa uha js--- gS bZtfdlh jkaM] Mkd.k OgS ftlhA jhl rkS blhvkoS dS jkaM jk yfV;k rksM+uS uka[k nwaA EguSnw/k esa rkjk ns[kuS Åcdk vkoSA vsd fnu rkSmYVh OgS tkrhA i.k uha ihÅa rkS HkkbZlkdwVSA ekekslk ckbZ vkoS ftrjS Fks vBS bZtjghtkS] tkbZtkS erh HkykS!**

EgSa m.kuS Fkkol nsorka dákS& ^vcS Fkwa[kklkS eksVkS OgSX;kS gS xSyk] dksbZ cksckSpwa?krkS uSukS Vkcj rkS gS dksuhA vk[kkS fnuckbZ&ckbZ dkabZ djS\**

20

m.kuS Qsj jhl vk;xhA okS ewaMkS p<k;uScksY;kS& ^^uSukS uha rkS dksbZ FkkajS ftrjkSeksVkS gwa\ ckbZ rkS vcS bZ EguS jkst cksckSpwa?kk;uS tkoSA**

m.k jk gkFk /kksorh c[kr m.kjS pwl&pwluSvkyS fd;ksM+S vaxwBS jh EguS ;kn vk;xhAgjne ewaMS esa jk[k.k lwa vaxwBkS QksxhtuSèkoGkS Qê iM+X;kS gkSA iS*yh rkS vk vknruha gh m.kjhA EgSa m.kuS iwNÓkS& ^FkuS ckbZfd.k c[kr cksckS pwa?kko.k uS vkoS js fdluw\**

^^fd.k c[kr dkabZ] jkst jkr jk vkoSA?k.kh rkG vkax.kS jk uhacM+k uhpS ÅHkh jSoSAiNS gksGS&gksGS pkyrh EgkjS duS vkoS] EgkjkSykM djS vj iNS xksnh esa Åapk;uS EguScksckS pwa?kkoSA**

^^fur jkst vkoS\**^^fur jkstA**^^dnSbZ xGrh uha djS\**^^vsdj EgSa HkkbZlk jS lkxS lwrkS gkS] m.k

jkr ckbZ dksuh vkbZA uha rkS jkst vkoSA**EgSa m.kuS fluku djk;uS diM+k iSjk;

fn;kA cky Bhd djuS vka[;ka esa dktG?kkY;kS rkS [kklkS Bhd nh[k.k ykX;kSA EgSadákS& ^^ns[k Hkk.kwa] ;wa lQkbZ lwa jSo.kkS]ft.k lwa ckbZ FkkjkS ?k.kkS ykM jk[kSykA vj;wa eSykS&dqpSykS ?kk.k OgS T;wa jákS rkS okvkoSyk bZ uhaA**

Egkjh ckr m.kjS fg;S <wdxhA ?kkaVdhfgykorkS cksY;kS& ^vcS jkst fluku d:ayk]diM+k bZ uok iS:aykA**

/khjS&/khjS fnu <GX;kSA vkax.kk jkS rkoM+kSjlksbZ jk usoka ekFkS iwxX;kS] uhacM+k ekFkSia[ks: fdpfdpkV dj.k ykxkA xokM+h esaÅHkh VksxM+h rkackM+.k ykxh vj thtkth jS?kjS vko.k jh osGk OgSxhA

ckbZ jkelj.k gq;ka iNS okajh dkabZ gkyrgh] EgSa lxGk lekpkj lq.k fy;k gkA tsb.k Vkcfj;ka jkS ca/k.k uha OgSrkS rkS oS dnSbZvkS ?kjckj NksMuS ukB x;k OgSrkA i.k vk

vsd blh csM+h gh tks dkfV;ka uha dVrh ghAb.k okLrS uha pkorka Fkdka bZ okauS nqdkuekFkS cSB.kkS iM+rkS vj nksU;wa c[kr dk;k uaSi.k HkkM+kS bZ nso.kkS iM+rkSA

Vxw&exw fnu jáka oS ?kjka vk;k vjEguS feGuS dke esa ykxX;kA fnu vkFkfe;kaxk; nw; uS /kkiw jS gkFk jk dkpk&ikdkVqdM+k [kk;ka iNS ckrka gkso.k ykxhA ckbZ jhpjpk vkorka bZ okajh vka[;ka tGtGh OgSxhAoS cksY;k& ^^Egkjh fpark uS EgSa lgu djldwa gwa] i.k vka Vkcfj;ka jkS nq[k lgudj.kkS EgkjS fgEer jS vkxS jh ckr gSA èkkiwuS rkS Qsj fd;ka bZ Fkkol ns; ldka] le>k;ldka] m.k jk nq[k uS FkksM+kS gGdkS bZ djldka] i.k b.k ilqM+k uS fd;ka le>koka]b.kuS dkabZ dS;uS /khjt ca/kkoka\ b.kjS nq[kjkS rkS uha fnu jk ikarjh iM+S vj uha jkr jkAft.k foLokl jh Mksj ekFkS vkS thoS gS] ok tsvkt VwV tkoS rkS b.kjkS tho.kkS dB.k gS]vk iDdh ckr gSA

ft.k fnu lwa EgSa b.kjh eka uS [kka/kSp<k; iwxk;uS vk;kS gwa] m.k fnu lwa yxk;uSvkt fnu rkabZ vkS furjkst eksVj ekFkS tkoSvj m.kjS vko.k jh ckV mMhdSA eksVjikap&nl feuV ysV HkykabZ OgkS i.k b.kjStko.k esa tst uha OgSA

cksyrka&cksyrka Qsj okajkS xGkS HkjhtX;kSvj Egkjh vka[;ka i.k tGtGh OgSxhA

jkex< EgSa iwjk lkr fnu Bgfj;kS vjvkBeS fnu jkr jh eksVj lwa jokauS fOg;kS rkSfdluw m.k c[kr xSjh uhan esa lwrkS gkSA EgSam.kuS txko.k jkS fopkj fd;kS rkS fnekx esavsd >VdkS&lks ykX;kSA dq.k tk.kS ckbZuhacM+k jS uhpS ÅHkh OgSyk dS xksnh esaÅapk;uS m.kuS pwa?kko.kkS l: dj fn;kS OgSykAlks lwrksM+k jS bZt gGdkS&lhd okYgkS ns;uSEgSa jokauS OgSX;kSA

zz

21

vc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkmMhd¾ckV tkso.khA vcdkGS¾vcdh ckjA vka>ks¾vc[kkS] nksjkSA gwae¾meaxA cSe¾Hkje]cgeA vkGk.kkS¾VkG.kkS] jí dj.kkSA xksV¾HkrwfG;k] vka/kh jkS coaMjA ykjS¾ikNkSA <wdM+kS¾uSM+kS]utnhdA cSjks¾dwokSA vj.kk¾vsd rjS jkS :a[k] ft.kjk ikuka ÅaV ?k.kS pko lwa [kkoSAtst¾nsj] eksM+kSA ohjkS¾HkkbZA NktGk¾lwiM+kSA >sj¾Åa?kA ?kM+k¾Åaph txkA Hkka.kw¾Hkka.ktkAdesM+k¾vsd rjS jkS iaNhA ojr¾jLlh] ykoA ekanh¾chekjA NkaukS¾yqD;ksM+kS] pqiAjesdM+k¾jkefr;kA Fkkol¾/khjtA vSBokM+k¾twBkA okl.k¾cjru] BkeM+kA gkdks¾tksj jhvkoktA ekGkS¾vkG.kkS] ?kksalykSA ohjkS¾C;ko jS Vk.kS xkbZt.k okGkS HkkbZ lk: xkbZtrkSxhrA dksM¾pko] mRlkgA ckbZ¾cSuA tke.k¾ekaA yokfj;kS¾cNM+kSA ijlsok¾ilhukS] ilsokSA[kksGk¾xksnA yfV;k¾dsl] ckyA rkjk¾?kh jk rjojkA Åcdk¾mYVhA ?kkaVdh¾xkcM+] xjnuAVksxM+h¾xk; jh ckNM+h] dsjM+hA Vxw&exw¾FkksM+kS&lksd] fpUgkS&lksdA okYgkS¾I;kjkSA


fodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- ^^vcdkGS mBS tko.kkS ?k.kkS vka>kS ykX;kSA** b.kjkS dkj.k gkS&

¼v½ ckbZ ?k.kh ekanh gh ¼c½ eu jh gwal [kre gq;xhA¼l½ ckbZ jh ekSr lwa eu mnkl gkS ¼n½ jkex<+ vGxkS ?k.kkS gkS

¼ ½2- ^^vcS tkorkS m.kuS FkksM+kS Fkkol ck/kkSA** fdluw jS Fkkol ca/k.k jkS dkj.k gkS&

¼v½ m.kjS ekekslk vk;xk gk ¼c½ FkSyh Hkfj;k jesdM-k yk;k gk¼l½ ckbZ jS vko.k jh vkl ca/kxh ¼n½ ckbZ jh rfc;r Bhd gq;xhA

¼ ½3- ^^fdluw uaS ckbZ jk vks<+.kk&fcNko.kk eka; gh uhan vkorhA** dkabZ dkj.k gkS&

¼v½ m.k jh vknr iM+xh gh ¼c½ vS diM+k m.kuS vkNk ykxrk¼l½ m.kjS tho uS usgpkS jSorkS ¼n½ vka diM+k esa ckbZ jh ckl vkorh

¼ ½4- ^^ft.k mEEksn jh Mksj ekFkS oks thoS gks m.kuS fd;ka rksM+rkSA** ok fdlh mEesn gh&

¼v½ ekekslk vko.kk jh ¼c½ ckbZ jS ?kjka vko.k jh¼l½ FkSyh Hkjk jesdM+k iko.k jh ¼n½ ukuh jS ?kjka tko.k jh

¼ ½NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- fdluw jS lqiuk esa vk;*j ckbZ dkabZ djrh\2- fdluw jS ukuhlk dUuS pky.k jh ckr D;wa nk; dksuh vkbZ\3- ^^nl cjl jh Nksjh Ng eghuka esa bZt tk.kS Mksdjh OgSxh ghA** /kkiw jh b.k gkykr jkS dkabZ

dkj.k gkS\4- ^^Egkjh fpark uS EgSa lgu dj ldwa gwa i.k Vkcfj;kA** vk ckr dq.k] fd.kuS vj D;wa dgh\

22

lko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- fdluw jkst fd.kjS lkaEgh eksVj ekFkS vkorkS\2- fdluw uS Nksjk dkabZ dSork\3- ckbZ uS fdlkS xhr xko.k jkS dksM gkS\4- fdluw /kkiw jS gkFkka flukau D;aw uh djrkS\5- ekekslk jokuk fOg;k tn fdluw dkabZ djrkS gkS\

ys[k:Ik iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:Ik iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:Ik iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:Ik iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:Ik iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- b.k dgk.kh jkS ukao ¼'kh"kZd½ dBS rkabZ oktc gSA [kqyklkS djkSA2- fcuk eka jk Vkcjka jh dkabZ gkyr gksoSA [kqyklkS djkSA3- dgk.khdkj jh Hkklk&lSyh ikBdka lkaEgh ekjfed fprjke mdsfj;k gSA Li"V djkSA4- fdluw jS tho.k esa ckbZ jS thaorka vj efj;ka iNS vk;k Qjd uS nk[kyk ns;*j le>kokSA5- mMhd dgk.kh jh ewG&laosnuk uS vkijS lcnka eka; mtkxj djkSA6- uhspS fnjhth vksfG;ka jh ijlaxkÅ O;k[;k djkS&¼v½ vcS tkorka m.kuS FkksM+kS Fkkol ck/kkSA okS vka[;ka iwaNrkS cksY;kS& ^EguS bZ ckbZ [kuS ys

pkykS uha ekekslkA EgSa m.kuaS dksbZ nq[k uha nwaykA ckbZ fcuk EguS dkabZ pks[kkS uha ykxSAvBS EguS HkkbZlk yM+S vj /kkiwMh jkaM EguS jkst dwVSA ckbZ rkS EgkjS gkFk bZ uha yxkorhA

¼c½ oS cksY;k& ^Egkjh fpark uS EgSa lgu dj ldwa gwa] i.k b.k Vkcfj;ka jk nq[k uS lgu dj.kkSEgkjS fgEer jS vkxS jh ckr gSA /kkiw uS rks Qsj fd;ka bZ Fkkol ns; ldka] m.kjS nq[k uSFkksM+kS gGdkS bZ dj ldkaA i.k b.k ilqM+k uS fd;ka le>koka] b.kuS dkabZ dS;uS /khjtca/kkoka\

23


dkapGhdkapGhdkapGhdkapGhdkapGh

jkes'ojn;ky JhekGhjkes'ojn;ky JhekGhjkes'ojn;ky JhekGhjkes'ojn;ky JhekGhjkes'ojn;ky JhekGh

dgk.khdkj&ifjpSdgk.khdkj&ifjpSdgk.khdkj&ifjpSdgk.khdkj&ifjpSdgk.khdkj&ifjpSjktLFkkuh jk fljS dfo] dgk.khdkj vj leh{kd jkes'ojn;ky JhekGh cjlka yx jktLFkkuhHkklk jS ys[k.k vj vkanksyu lwa tqfM+;ksM+k gkA 1977 esa m.kka uS dgk.kh&laxzS lGoVka* ekFkSjktLFkku lkfgR; vdkneh] mn;iqj jkS jktLFkkuh lkfgR; iqjLdkj feGÓkSA 1980 esadfork&laxzS EgkjkS xkao* ekFkS lkfgR; vdkneh] ubZ fnYyh vj cjl 1995&96 esa jktLFkkuhHkklk] lkfgR; ,oa laLØfr vdkneh] chdkusj jkS x.ks'khyky O;kl mLrkn jktLFkkuh i|iqjLdkj feGÓkSA JhekGh jh eksdGh dgkf.k;ka jkS vaxzsth] fgUnh vj ckaXyk Hkklk esa mYFkkSgks;kSA m.kka jh dgk.kh tlksnk* Vh-oh- ekFkS lalkj jh Js"B dgkf.k;ka dk;ZØe lk: iznjflrdjhthA tkGksj ftyS jS eka; lk{kjrk vfHk;ku eka; lkarjkS dke dj.k lk: egkefgejk"Vªifr jS dj&deyka lwa iqjLÑr gks;kA

ikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSjkes'ojn;ky JhekGh jh vk dgk.kh e/;e ojx jh vkjfFkd fLFkfr uS lkEgSa ijr[k isl djSAle/kk ykpkj gS] Mksdjh gS] QVsgky xjhc.kh gSA eka fogw.kh iqlck jh ikG.kgkj gSA iqlckjkS C;ko dj.kokGh gSA iqlck jkS C;kao Hkyka bZ <Grh mej okGS lwa gks;kS gksoS] i.k gS ibZlkaokGkSA cxr&cxr jh ckrA vkt iqlck jk fnu Qqfj;ka ok lks*jh&lq[kh gSA jktLFkkuhjhr&ikar jh ikG.kk djrh Mksdjh vkijh xk<h iwath taokj ns;*j dkapGh jkS cVdkS ykoSAck eu eka; ?k.kh jkth gksorh gj[k lwa iq"ck jS ?kjS tk; okS cVdkS usx jS :i esa nso.kkS pkoS]i.k m.k diM+S uS ns[k iqlck jh izfrfØ;k lwa Mksdjh f>a>ksM+ht tkoSA Mksdjh jS dksM uSèkuckoGh iqlck le> uha ldS vj ok dSoS dS EgkjS ?kjS vSM+S diM+S uS dq.k iSjS gS /kk! vjok Mksdjh jh fcuk fxuj dfj;ka Oghj gks; tkoSA dgk.kh jkS var ?k.kkS ekjfed gSA

dkapGhdk apGhdk apGhdk apGhdk apGh

xkMjka tSM+k /kksGk dslka jh fc[kjÓksM+hyV lwa >waiS jkS mGÖ;ksM+kS [khaiM+S jkS frj.kkSiksiyh vkaxGÓka lwa dk<] gkFk esa vaxjsthckaofG;S jkS ckadkS fpfV;kS ys;] [kkM+dkiSj*j Mksdjh le/kk ckjS fudGhA >waiS jkSQGkS chM+*j HkaMkfj;ka jh nqdku lkaEgh pkyhA>hj&>hj gq;ksM+kS xksMka yx jkS ?kk?kjkS vj

yhj&>k.k gq;ksM+kS vks<.kkSA vks<.kkS ?k.kkSeSykS uS twukS] ftdkS jax jkS bZ dha Bkg iM+SuhaA vsd iYyS laHkkG*j jk[;ksM+k tqaokj jknk.kkA

>waiS lwa chlsd ix ekFkS gM+ekuth jkSFkkuA dhM+h jh pky Mksdjh fpfV;kS fgykrhFkku rd iwxhA Fkku duS tk;*j /kksd nhA

24

tqaokj jk P;kjsd nk.kk isM+yS ekFkS fc[ksj*jMksdjh ikNh >waiS lkaEgh oGhA csj.kkSm?kkM+ÓkSA [kkM+dk mrkjÓkA fpfV;kS [kwa.kSesa ÅHkkS fd;kSA /kku laHkkG*j ikNkS eVdS esa?kkY;kSA eVdS ekFkS <d ns;*j >waiS ckjSuhlj xokM+h esa NksVh&lhd uheM+h jhuktksxh fN;ka esa cSBxhA

ÅukGS jh #rA gok canA rir ?k.khAuheM+h jS uhpS vsd ykackS&yM+kd dqÙkkSiM+ÓkS tksj&tksj lwa lkal ysoSA dwrjS uSèkqrdkj*j fpfV;kS lkaEgkS fd;kS] i.k dwrjkSfd.kh fj'or[kksj ckcw T;wa fuljM+kS gq;]ftdkS Mksdjh jh /kqrdkj uS /kkjÓka fcuk bZpqipki vka[;ka ehap*j iM+ÓkS jS;kSA Mksdjhesa ?k.kkS lr dBS\ ok i.k vsd dkauh iljxhA

le/kk eu uS le>k;kS& EgkjS dkabZ ckbZ!EgkjS rkS dksbZ f/k;kS u dksbZ iwrkSA EgkjS vBSdq.k gS ftdkS oS ikNkS nsoSA dnSbZ djekaNkN jS NkaVS jkS dke iM+S] ftdkS bZ nks*jkS?kkySA ---uS ykjS tqaokj jgh bZ dBS ckbZAvSM+kS ek.kkS Hkjh gqoSyh rkS nl&ianjS fnuuhB pkySyhA iNS fd.kjS ewaMS lkaEgh tkso.kkS\iksiyh ewaMkS dj*j fd.kjS lkaEgh gkFk ilkjkackbZ! ft.k ikarj rkS iqlckM+h uS cSar dkapGhjkS diM+kS ub± fn;kS] uS lkr lq[k! leèkkvsd fujklk HkjÓkS lSjdkS uka[;kSA

le/kk lwrh i.k eu uS td dBS\ dkabZBkg Nksjh gstkGh gS] yk.k ekFkS gkFk Qsjko.kuS vkbZ rkS dkabZ gqoSykS\ ts [kkyh gkFk Qs:arkS HkwaMkS uha ykxS\ HkwaMkS rkS ckbZ ykxS bZt!leèkk jkaM rkS dkabZ gq;kS\ ?kj esa dksbZdekÅ dksuh i.k jksVÓka jkS nsokG rkS }kjdkjkS ukFk gSA nk.kS&nk.kS ekFkS [kk.kS okGS jhNki m.k yxkbZ gSA eu rkS yksHk djS bZt!eu jkS dkabZ& eu yksHkh eu ykyph] eupapG] eu pksj! i.k eu jS erS FkksM+kS bZtpkyhtSA

fpfV;S jkS lgkjkS ys;*j le/kk mBhA jsr>Vd.k ?kk?kjS ekFkS gkFk >VD;kSA >waiS esaxbZA QkVÓksM+S vks<.kS jS iYyS esa ?k.kS trulwa tqaokj HkjhA P;kj&Ng nk.kk fc[kjX;kgk] m.kka uS vsd&vsd dj pqX;kA vUunsork gSA nsork uS ixka esa fd;ka fc[ksjkackbZ! lw>rkS FkksM+kS gkS ftdkS teha ekFkS gkFkQsj&QsjuS lkoG tks;kSA nks&P;kj dkadjkauS bZ tqaokj jS HkjkslS ?kkY;kA ew.k ekFkS <dnhukSA QGkS <d*j nqdku dkauh tko.k ckjSuhdGh tn larks[k jkS vsd VqdM+kS ewaMSekFkS mrjÓkS& yk.k iqlck uS cSar dkapGh rkSnso.kh*t pkbZtSA

tksx jh ckr] Mksdjh jh vka[;kaMcMck;xhA vBS pkbZtS ftdkS cBS bZ pkbZtSAuharj ujcnk jS dksbZ tko.k jk fnu gk\fdrjh Hkyh gh yk.k! cksyrh tjS Qwy f[kjrkAtsBk.kh&tsBk.kh dSorh thHk lq[kkorh ghyk.k! vax esa vkGl jÙkh&Hkj bZ dksuh gkSAvk[kS fnu ?kksM+S nkabZ nkSM+rh fQjrhAQxj&Qxj dke djrhA lxGka lwa c.kk;*jpkyrhA QwVjhQjh! xhr&xkG esa gqafl;kj!i.k blk feu[k vksNk fnu fy[kk;uS ykoS!vsd fnu rko vk;kS] uS tk.kS gh&d gh bZdksuh! liuS okGh ckr c.kuS jgxhA m.kfnuka iqlckM+h ikapsd cjlka jh gqoSyhA gjukFkEgkjS [kksGS esa uSudM+h yV uka[k uS dS;kSgkS& ^HkkHkh] ckiM+h vcksyh ftuokj gS] geSaFks tk.kkSA EgSa rkS FkkauS lwai*j---A dg ijkSxGxGkS gq;*j jkso.k ykX;kSA

lG HkjÓksM+S iksiyS ewaMS ekFkS eqGd jhvsd js[k fc[kjhA dSM+h Egkjh Nkrh jS fpi*jNkuh jgh ghA tk.kS lkxh bZ eka gksowaA vkS bZdksbZ vkxksrj jkS ySf.k;kS gqoS gSA EgkjS lkFkGub± QkVh rkS dkabZ] lkaofj;S jS vkSjrkS iwjkSdjoko.kkS gqoS rkS--- psgjS ekFkS mnklh jhvsd cknGh ÅeVh vj fcuk cjL;ka bZ ekjxS

25

cqghA fuiwrh gqo.k jh ckr lwG gqoS T;wapqHkhA ckG&fo/kok gh yk.k!

vcS iqlck dSM+h QwVjh nhlSA diM+kS&yÙkkS dSM+kS vksiS] tk.kS bUnj jh viNjk!xky dSM+k xqykch iM+Ók gS] yksgh tk.kS geSaVidS dS geSa VidS! psgjS ekFkS uwj vk;X;kS!ewaMkS tk.kS ns[kkS rkS ns[krk bZt jSokSA P;kjfnuka iSyh yVka esa tqaoka jk ekGk fVjrk gkAEgSa dg&dg uS Fkkdxh& vs iqlckM+h jkaM]FkkjS brjh&brjh tqaoka fVjSA vko] ekFkkS ijkS/kksowaA dSM+kS eSykS fpdkj gq;kS gSA diM+kiSjrh rkS tk.kS [kwaVS jS ijk Vsfj;k gqoS T;waAix jh C;kmoka lwa yksgh cSorkSA i.k geSa\ ---cxr&cxr jh ckr gSA

ik;yh tqaokj ns;*j Mksdjh le/kk cSarHkjÓks rkisVS jkS VqdM+kS ykbZA dkabZ djkackbZ\ ckf.k;S jkS csVkS] ysrka bZ [kk;uS nsrka bZ[kk;A uharj ik;yh /kku jkS jksdM+h lSdM+kSfjfi;kS gqoS] vj vkxyS tekuS esa fjfi;S jkSrkS ?kk?kjkS vkorkS& iwjkS vLlh dGh jkS! i.kb.k tekuS jkS dkabZ dj.kkS\ feu[kka eka;ykSrkS jke bZt ijkS fudGÓkS gSA i.k jke rkSys[kkS jk[kS gSA vkxyS Hko esa---A

rkoM+kS dha eksGkS iM+ÓkSA iqlck gky uhavkbZA uSuk Vkcjka jh eka gS yk.k] cxr bZdksuh feGÓkS gqoSA uharj m.kjkS tho rkSvBSbZ iM+ÓkS gqoSykA Nksjh yk.k yk;dh okGhgSA dkabZ Bkg vkS fopkjuS bZ ub± vkbZ gqoS dSèkk jkS v.kwrkS bZ fjfi;kS [kjp ijkS gqoSykS( dSdkabZ Bkg ekFkS gkFk Qsjko.k tkowa rkS Mksdjh[kkyh gkFk ikNh esy.k lwa ykt ejSyhAMksdjh jS vBS deko.k okGkS dq.k gS\ v.kwrkbZ QksM+k ?kky.kk! Hkyk feu[kka jk vS bZtyD[k.k gSA fey.k uS rkS vBS vkbZ tjSfeGh*t gh d! f[k.ksd jkS bZ feG.kkS vjfnuka jkS bZ feG.kkSA tkowa] dkapGh cSarcVdk tksxh rkS ok bZ gS ijh* d! Fkks&Fkks]

jketh ek*jkt] eka ftlh bZ yk;d gqoSAlqgkxHkkx vej jSoSA ihGkS vks<S] ehBkS theSAisV BjS yk.k jkSA jketh ekjkt] ?k.kkS bZnq[k ns[;kS gSA lSax fnu fdlk lhj[kk jSoSckbZ! vcS jketh Hkyk fnu nsoSA yky rkisVSjS iko xt diM+S uS lkeV&laHkkGuS Mksdjhiqlck jS ?kj dkauh pkyhA rkafx;k [kkrh]vkijh tk.k [kkrkbZ esaA

feu[kka uS rkS fd.kjkS bZ lq[k lqgkoS bZdksuh ckbZ! gjukFk jS xjhc ?kj uS ns[krkafd.kuS Bkg gkS dS Nksjh uS vSM+kS ?kj&ojfeGSykSA i.k jketh lxGka jk bZ fnu QsjSAfeu[k HkwafM;ka dj&dj*j tkr jkS bZ eSyèkksoSA tku vkbZ tjS bZ dp&dp l:AeksVkS tks;kS ckbZA rhft;kar gS ckbZA ipklckjS Åej gS ckbZA fep&fefp;krh vka[;ka]FkqyFkqykS Mhy gS ckbZA xkcM+ /kwtS ckbZAdksjkS /ku bZt ns[;kS gS ckbZA lqokx dksuhns[;kSA cki vkijkS ?kj HkjÓkS ckbZA csVh jkSlq[k dksuh tks;kSA ewaMS ftrjh bZ ckrka! EgSadSowa] vkikS&vkijk ulhc gSA Nksjh yk.kvk[kh Åej esa geSa bZt lq[k ns[;kS gSAb.klwa cÙkkS ?kj&oj dkabZ ns[kS ckbZA pks[kh?kj&xqokM+hA Hk.;kS&fy[;kS chanA xkao esays.k&ns.k jkS /ka/kkSA P;kj&P;kj xk;ka&HkSaL;kanw>SA rkdfM+;ka lksukS rqySA b.klwa cÙkkS iNSdkabZ ns[kS\ lqokx&Hkkx rkS Hkxoku jS gkFkesa gqoSA feu[k ckiM+S jkS dkabZ bf[r;kj\Åej rkS Hkxoku jh ?kkY;ksM+h gqoS] uharjlwjtM+h uS ns[kkS D;wa uha] ij.kh uS Ms<eghukS bZ dksuh gq;kS] uS ulhc QwVX;kAeka&cki tks/k&toku ghjkS gqoS tSM+kS ojtks;kS( tk.kS jktdaoj! i.k Hkkx esa uhafy[;ksM+kS gqoS tn dkabZ gqoS vj vk iqlckM+h]feu[k cw<kS&cw<kS dSork i.k vkax.kS nks&nksjru jeSA pha/kM+ gqoS ftlh gh i.k jktdjS!

26

Mksdjh gjukFk jS ?kj jS usM+h iwxhAvkljS lwa taokbZ uS usM+kS tk.k ?kwa?kVkS dk<ÓkSAvksj.kS jh P;kj vkaxG iêh vka[;ka jS ekFkSfVjxhA QkVÓksM+h ekFkkoVh lwa fpêk ckaè;ksM+kèkksGk dsl Å?kM+X;kA

iqlck lkljS lk: cghj gqoS ghA vsd.kilokM+S iko.kk ÅHkkA ipkl ckjS Åej i.k'kkSdhukbZ esa vOoy! ijelq[k /kksfr;kS] VsjsfyujkS >CckSA lksuS jk cV.k ykX;ksM+kA dkphehejh Fkdh vka[;ka ekFkS dkGkS p'ekSA gkFkesa jktfo;ka okGS nkabZ dke fd;ksM+h pUu.kjh NM+hA vkikS&vkijk ulhc! Mksdjh vkijSlkn uS FkksM+kS rkcS dj gksGS&lhd dS;kS&^^csVh] iqlck csVh!**

iqlck vkijkS lkeku cSGdh esa j[kokorhghA m.kuS Mksdjh jkS gsykS fxukj.k jh QqjlrbZt dBS\ lxGk ux vsd&vsd dj*jlkopsrh lwa fx.kSA ts dksbZ lkeku ykjSjgX;kS rkS b.kka jkS lqHkko bZt ckG.ktksxkSgSA iSj.k&vks<.k esa] [kko.k&iho.k esa fdrjkSbZ [kwVkS] ewaMS eka; lwa gjQ bZ dksuh dk<S]i.k uqdlk.k vsd jÙkh jkS bZ nk; dksuhvkoSA vsd&vsd lkeku ?kks[k&?kks[kuS ;kndjSA

Mksdjh FkksM+h ÅrkoGh Fkdh cksyh&^^iqlckM+h! gka vs ckyk] lq.kS bZ dksuh vs!**

iqlck jkS P;kj cjl jkS NksjkS Mksdjh uSsns[k*j ped*j jkso.k ykX;kSA NksjS uS jksrkans[k*j iqlck Mksdjh jS lkaEgkS tks;kSA eu esafopkjÓkS& Mksdjh dha fjfi;k&ibZlk ekax.kuS vkbZ gqlhA ?kj&/k.kh ?k.kk nks*jk dekoSAfjfi;k fdlk jLrk esa iM+Ók yk/kS gS] ckbZ!lqj esa FkksM+h [kht Hkj*j dS;kS& ^dkabZ dSoSgS] èkk!**

le/kk fpfV;S jS lgkjS ÅHkkS gq;*j gkFkfgyk; vksGHkkS nsrh Fkdh cksyh& ^^gka vsckyk] Fkwa rkS ekFkS gkFk Qsjko.k uS bZ dksuh

vkbZ vs! lkljS tkrh uS fetkt vk;kS ckbZFkuS rkSA** dSorka&dSorka lqj xGxGkS gq;X;kSAvka[;ka jk dks;ka esa dksM lwa vkykl Nk;X;kSAiksiyS ewa<S lwa galrh&galrh ?k.kS dksM lwayk;ksM+kS cVdkS lkaEgkS fd;kSA

iqlck ns[;kS] yky rkisVS jkS cSar HkjÓkScVdkSA vkS vSM+kS gGdkS diM+kS Qsj dq.kiSjSyh\ vkt jS lq[k esa ykjyk nq[k jk fnufd.kuS ;kn jSoS\ Mksdjh jS dksM uS /kuckoGh iqlck dksuh ij[k ldhA m.kjkS nkslbZ dkabZ] ihlkokGka jh nhB esa gj vsd clrjkS eksy ihlka lwa vkadhtSA iqlck jh nhB esacSar diM+S jh dher vkB vkuka lwa cslh vsdihlkS bZ dksuh gh vj ekFkS e.k HkjÓkS igkM+&gjukFkk! Fkkjh Nksjh uS vkoS ftrjh bZ ckjdkapGh ns;uS Hkstwa!

:[kS lqj lwa dS;kS& ^^geSa b.kuS yk;uSD;wa rdyhQ ns[kh /kk! EgkjS vBS vkS rkisVkSdq.k iSjSykS\**

Mksdjh jS dkuka esa tk.kS mdGrkS rsyiM+ÓkS! Hkkouk jS fxxuka lwa gsBh Bksdht ckfprcaxh gqoS T;wa gq;xhA m.kuS vSlkl gq;kS]ok xjhc gS] m.kuS lkotksx diM+kS dksuhtqM+SA iqlck tSM+h vehj ?kj jh cgw uS cSardkapGh nso.k jkS m.kuS dksbZ gd dksuh!

le/kk jk ix fpiX;kA ik[kk.k&iwrGhgqoS T;wa ok cBS bZt ÅHkh jgh] bZ'oj jSekaMÓksM+S O;aX; fprjke T;wa!

zz

27

vc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkxkMjka¾HksM+ka] yjfM+;kaA ckadkS¾Vs<kSA Bk¾/;ku] irkSA oGh¾eqM+hA f/k;k¾csVhA HkwaMkS¾[kjkcAyk.k¾cspkjhA QwVjh¾lqUnjA vkxksrj¾iwoZ tUeA viNjk¾vIljkA rkoM+kS¾/kwiA cghj¾jokukAfetkt¾?ke.MA /kuckoGh¾/ku esa xSyhA gd¾vf/kdkjA iwr¾csVkSA usM+kS¾duS] uthdAulhc¾HkkxA yD[k.k¾xq.kA lxGka¾lSaxA fuljM+kS¾tdS ekFkS vlj uha gqoSA ik;yh¾èkkueki.k jkS cjruA [kkM+dk¾twuh ixj[khA rkisVkS¾Vwy jkS gGdkS diM+kSA


fodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- le/kk vj ujcnk vkil esa gh&

¼v½ tsBk.kh&nsjk.kh ¼c½ u.kn&HkkHkh¼l½ lklw&cgw ¼n½ Hkqvk&Hkrhth

¼ ½2- ujcnk jh ekSr jS c[kr iqlck gh&

¼v½ ikapsd cjlka jh ¼c½ rhusd cjlka jh¼l½ nlsd cjlka jh ¼n½ lkrsd cjlka jh

¼ ½3- gjukFk iqlck jkS lkljS esa dkabZ ns[kuS C;ko djÓkS&

¼v½ pkS[kks ?kjk.kkS ¼c½ lkljS eka; /ku¼l½ usM+kS lkljkS ¼n½ tksM+h jkS oj

¼ ½4- Mksdjh uS ns[k*j iqlck jS eu esa dkabZ fopkj vk;kS&

v½ feG.k vkbZ gkslh ¼c½ fjfi;k&ibZlk ekax.k vkbZ gkslh¼l½ vksGckS nso.k vkbZ gkslh ¼n½ lh[k nso.k vkbZ gkslh

¼ ½lko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- le/kk fd.kjS Fkku tk;*j /kksd nhoh\2- ik;yh taokj ns;*j Mksdjh dkabZ ykbZ\3- Mksdjh uS ns[k*j dq.k jkso.k ykXkkS\4- le/kk fd.kjS ekFkS gkFk Qsj.k uS x;h\5- dkapGh jS diM+S uS rkisVkS dq.k dS;kS\

NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- ikB jS vk/kkj ekFkS le/kk jkS fprjke vkijS lcnka eka; izdV djkSA2- ujcnk jkS pfj=&fp=.k djkSA3- iqlck jS ?kj/k.kh jS isjokl jkS c[kk.k djkSA4- ^le/kk jk ix fpiX;k* b.k dFku jkS [kqyklkS djkSA

28

ys[k:Ik iMwÙkj okGk lokyys[k:Ik iMwÙkj okGk lokyys[k:Ik iMwÙkj okGk lokyys[k:Ik iMwÙkj okGk lokyys[k:Ik iMwÙkj okGk loky1- ^^dgk.kh ^dkapGh^ lkekftd laca/kka uaS m?kkM+uS jk[k fn;k gSA** b.k dFku jh leh{kk

djkSA2- dgk.kh jk dyk vj Hkko i[k jh nhB lwa b.k dgk.kh jh foospuk djkSA3- ^^dgk.kh ^dkapGh** cw<k&cMsjka jS isVS ?kVrS lEeku uS mtkxj djSA** b.k dFku lk:

vkijh lgefr&vlgefr uS mtkxj djkSA4- ^dkapGh* dgk.kh eka; dgk.khdkj vkijS mísL; esa dBS rkabZ lQG jS;kS gSA [kqyklkS djkSA5- uhspS fnjhth vksfG;ka jh ijlaxkÅ O;k[;k djkS&¼v½ ik;yh tqaokj ns;*j Mksdjh le/kk cSar rkisVS jkS VwdM+kS ykbZA dkabZ djka ckbZ\ ckf.k;S

jkS csVkS ysrka bZ [kk; uS nsrka bZ [kk;A uharj ik;yh /kku jkS jksdM+kS fjfi;kS gqoS vjvkxyS tekuS esa fjfi;S jkS rkS ?kk?kjkS vkorkS&iwjkS vLlh dGh jkSA i.k&b.k tekuS jkSdkabZ dj.kkS fj;kS\

¼c½ Mksdjh jS dkuka esa tk.kS mdGrkS rsy ifM+;kSA Hkkouk jS fxxuk lwa gsBh Bksdh*t okfprcaxh gqoS T;wa gks;xhA m.kuS vglkl gks;kS dS ok xjhc gS m.kuS lkotksx diM+kSdks tqM+S uhaA iqlck tSM+h vehj ?kj jh cgw uS cSar dkapGh nso.k jkS m.kuS dksbZ gddksuhA

29


Fks ckjS tkokSFks ckjS tkokSFks ckjS tkokSFks ckjS tkokSFks ckjS tkokS

dj.khnku ckjgBdj.khnku ckjgBdj.khnku ckjgBdj.khnku ckjgBdj.khnku ckjgB

dgk.khdkj&ifjpSdgk.khdkj&ifjpSdgk.khdkj&ifjpSdgk.khdkj&ifjpSdgk.khdkj&ifjpSdj.khnku ckjgB jkS tue lu~ 1925 esa QsQk.kk ¼Jhxaxkuxj½ esa gks;kSA Jh ckjgB jkSjktLFkkuh dgk.khdkjka eka; vsd ywaBkS ukaoA dgkf.k;ka lkFkS miU;kl] ukVd vj dforkokajh jpuk Hkh djhA v/;kiu jS lkFkS&lkFkS lkfgR;&fljt.k jh lk/kuk djhA vkijh fx.kko.ktksx Ñfr;ka gS& ea=h jh csVh ¼miU;kl½] jk.kh lrh] 'kdqUryk ¼ukVd½] >j>j daFkk¼dkO;½] vkneh jkS lhax] ekVh jh egd ¼dgk.kh&laxzS½] nk;tkS] f>afM;kS ¼cky&lkfgR;½ gSAb.kjS vykok fgUnh eka; dqgjk vkSj fdj.ksa] izseyrk] pk; ds èkCcs] dykbZ dk /kkxk] [kqjnjkvkneh bR;kn vkijk pfpZr miU;kl jS;kA ckjgB th uS okajS dgk.kh&laxzS ekVh jh egd*lk: lkfgR; vdknseh] ubZ fnYyh jkS jktLFkkuh iqjLdkj feGÓkSA

ikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpS^Fks ckjS tkokS* dj.khnku ckjgB jh ?k.kh lkarjh vj ;FkkFkZoknh dgk.kh gSA b.k esa gj ?kjjS eksVÓkj lwa cw<S gksorS vkneh jh tho.k&nlk jkS ys[kkS&tks[kkS gSA ekbZr fdrjS gj[k&dksMlwa csVS uS ij.kkoS vj uwaoh chu.kh ?kj eka; ykoSA lklw&lqljk fdrjk jkth gksoSA ok bZtchu.kh tn Vkcjka jh eka c.kS rks m.kjS iSj.k&vks<.k jS ifjosl esa rkS cnGko vkoS bZ] O;ogkjesa bZ dkBh cnG tkoSA vj vBhuS lklw&lqljk jS cq<kikS vkoS tn okauS [kqn jS c.kk;ksM+S ?kjesa bZ m.kka uS BkSM+ uha feGSA jkr uS C;kGw fcuk Hkw[kkS lkso.kkS iM+SA Fks ckjS tkokS* lalkj jhgdhdr uS pkSM+S&/kkM+S djrh ikBd jS eu ekFkS lkarjkS izHkko NksMSA

Fks ckjS tkokSFks ckjS tkokSFks ckjS tkokSFks ckjS tkokSFks ckjS tkokS

EgkjS ?kjS ftdS fnu chu.kh vkbZ okS fnuEgkauS vkt Hkh ;kn gSA m.k fnu uS L;krchl lky jS usM+S&rsM+S gq;X;kA Egkjh ?kjokGhinek uS rkS bÙkkS dksM p<ÓkS dS ok rkS iwjS?kj esa bZ dksuh ukoM+S gh& ^^NksjÓka] tkokSvs] yqxk;ka uS cqykokSA ckjkr vk;xhA chu.khvk;xhA vs Nksjh] rwa tk! FkkGh Y;k---jksGh&eksGh Y;k--- chu.kh uS c/kkokaA** yqxk;kavk;xhA FkkGh vk;xhA jksGh&eksGh vk;xhAyqxk;ka xhr mxsjÓkS& EgkjS vkax.kS cktk

ckT;k---A xhr xkbZT;kA usxpkj gq;kA Qsjchu.kh ?kj esa cM+hA

chu.kh tn EgkjS ?kj jS vkax.kS esa dkedjrh] cha jk NSydfM+;ka jk ?kw?kfj;k NeNecktrk t.kk EgkjkS th&lksjkS gqorkSA EgSa m.kNeNe uS lq.krkSA ok NeNe dkuka jS tfj;SEgkjS dkGtS rkabZ iwxrh t.kka Hkxoku jSfeanj jh e/kjh&e/kjh ?kaVÓka cktS vSM+h ykxrhA

EgSa vkax.kS esa cSBÓkS jSorkSA cBSbZ pk;ihorkSA cBSbZ jksVh ekax ysorkSA cBSbZ xi'ki

30

djrkS jSorkSA Egkjh ?kjokGh dSjh&dSjh vka[;kalwa EgkjS dkauh ns[krhA L;kr EgSa m.kuSlqgkorkS dksuhA iSyh rkS ok Vksdrh ladrh]i.k NsoV m.kuS dSo.kkS bZ iM+ÓkS& ^Fks ckjStkokS] vBS chu.kh fQjSA FkkajS Fkdka b.kuS?kwa?kVkS dk<.kkS iM+SA dnS Bksdj [kk;ka iM+tkoS] Vkcj rkS gS bZA Fks cw<k lkjk vBS djkSdkabZ gkS\

ftdS fnu EguS y[kk;kS dS EgSa cw<kSgq;X;kSA EgkjkS gd vkax.kS lwa mBX;kSA ?kjvkneh jkS dksuh] yqxkbZ jkS gqoSA m.k fnu lwaEgSa ckjyS dejS esa x;kS ijkSA ckjyh ckjh[kksyyhA xGh esa vkorS&tkorS uS ns[k.kykxX;kSA

VSe fVirka tst dksuh ykxSA Egkjh?kjokGh ftdS fnu EguS cw<kS crk;kS] EgSacw<kS dksuh gkSA EgkjS Mhy esa tokuh okGhlkxh dM+d ghA EgSa lkoG ?kwerkS&fQjrkS][ksr esa dke djrkSA cq<kikS rkS bÙkkS bZ gkS dSEgkjkS NksjkS ij.khtX;kSA

fnu vk;ka chu.kh jS Vkcj gq;X;kA tnm.k vkijS NSydfM+;ka uS laHkkG*j cDlS esaesy fn;kA uwaok xkHkk iSj.kk NksM fn;k]cksnka esa bZ Vksik fVik.k ykxxhA vkS rkSftanxh esa VSe vkoS bZ gSA vcS iSjS Hkh fd;ka]ok dnSbZ Vkcj laHkkGrh] dnSbZ ?kj jkS dkeAm.kuS dke lwa bZ vkslk.k dksuh feGrkSA èkheScksy.k okGkS cge bZ m.k NksM fn;kSA ikslkoSbZ fd;ka] Vkcj td dksuh yso.k nSA oS yM+SrkS MkaV yxko.kh iM+SA ok gksGS cksy.kS lwaikj iM+S dksuhA ?kwa?kVkS Hkh vcS use rksM+.kykxX;kSA dnS jk[krh rkS dnS ewaMkS m?kkM+kSgq; tkorkSA ewaMS ij ftdh Hkksj esa f[kyrSQwyka jh yko.kh gh ck dha rkS Vkcj pwa?kX;k]dha cxr cqgkj ijkS ys;X;kSA i.k ftdkSeksVkS Qjd vk;kS okS vkS dS m.k b.k ?kj uS

vkijh eqêh esa ys; fy;kSA VSe jh lwbZ ok?kqekoS cBhuS bZ ?kweSA Egkjyh cw<yh dnSbZm.kuS gqde nsorh] i.k vcS ok gqde lk:m.kjS ewaMS dkuh rkdrh& ^^chu.kh] EgkjSihgj okGka jkS dkxn vk;kS gSA rwa dSoS rkStkowa] uharj VkG d:a] gS rkS C;koA**

tn chu.kh vkijS vQljh ygtS esadSaorh& ^FkkajkS tko.kkS t:jh gS rkS tkokSAFkkajS lkxh HkkbZ jkS rkS C;ko dksuhA D;wa HkkM+kSyxkokSA FkkajS x;ka vS Vkcj Egkjh tku uSjksoSykA lxGk FkkajS gkM fgG jS;k gSA dq.kjk[kSyk vkauS\**

Egkjh ?kjokGh chu.kh jkS vknsl u fey.kSij VkG dj nsorh] i.k [kqn uS tko.kkSgqorkS t.kka ok vkijh lklw jkS vknsl dksuhpkorhA Qdr lwpuk ns; nsorh& ^EgSa EgkjSihgjS tkowaA vki Mkaxjka uS uhj nhT;kSAxkoM+h nw/k nsoS gS] nw/k dk< yhT;kSA fcykso.kkSgqoS rkS fcyks; yhT;ks] uha VkG dj nhT;kSAvj vkijS Vkcjka lkxS cghj gq; tkorhA

Vkcj t.kS b.k /kjrh ij mrjS] csy cèkSAm.k jk Vkcj bZ cMk gqo.kk bZ gkA vj EgSatk.kS vcS cq<kiS dkauh csxkS&csxkS Hkkx jS;kSgkS] b;ka ykxS gkSA

fnuwxS mBwaA ik.kh EgkjS fljk.kS jSoS] ihysowaA vk Egkjh lnka jh vknr gSA dnSbZgksdkS Hkj ysowa rkS dnSbZ chM+h flGxk ysowaAchM+h&gksdkS ihorka /kkalh vkoS] ftdh vkoSbZA lkxS cyxe vkoSA fgEer dksuh jS;h dSmB*j ckjS FkwadwaA cBSbZ Fkwd nsowaA EguS EgkjSlwa bZ f?kj.kk gqo.k ykxxhA chu.kh vj VkcjkauS rkS gqo.kh*t ghA vsd fnu chu.kh EgkauScksyrh lq.khth& ^vcS ckilk] b.k dejS esajSo.k tksxk dksuh jS;kA vkajkS ekapkS ckjyhpwarjh ij ?kky fn;k djkS] cBSbZ FkwdrkjSlhA dejS jkS lR;kukl gq; jS;kS gSA vkS

31

dksbZ <ax gS!** rkS dejkS rkS EgkjkS c.kk;ksM+kSgkS] i.k /k.kh vkSj gq;X;kA i.k m.kjh ckrlkph ghA EgkjkS c.kk;ksM+kS dejkS EgkjS gkFkkaukl gqoS gkSA vcS Egkjh ?kjokGh jkS bZ lrdksuh jS;kSA m.k jk bZ xksMk nw[k.k ykxX;kAok ykBh jS lgkjS pky.k ykxxhA yksxdSaork& ^^b.k cq<kiS jkS dksbZ /k.kh&/kksjhdksuhA b.kjkS dha uha cVSA yksx b.kuS eksydkabZ] mèkkj bZ dksuh ysoSA okS cq<kikS EgkjSfljk.kS&ixk.kS vk;*j ÅHkkS gq;X;kSA

iSyh rkS EgkjS iSyS gsyS jkS vlj gqorkSAvcS ikap gsyk bZ vdkjFk tkoSA Nksjk ewaMkSeapdksM*j Hkkx tkoSA chu.kh ckauS yydkjStn dha lq.kSA

EgSa jkst ckjyh pwarjh ij lksowaA cBSbZNksjk EguS gksdkS Hkj*j yk nsoSA cBS bZ ik.khidM+k nsoS vj cBSbZ jksVhA

?kjokGk iSyh EguS iwN*j lCth c.kk;kdjrk] Qsj oka okS cSe bZ NksM fn;kSA iSyh EgSabZ jksVh esa dk.k&dlj dk< fn;k djrkS( EgSabZ okS cSe NksM fn;kSA tSM+h Hkh yw[kh&lw[khvkorh] [kk fy;k djrkSA dk;k uS HkkM+kSnso.kkS gkS] ns fn;k djrkSA Åij ik.kh ihfy;k djrkSA tokuh jh ckr vkSj gh] cq<kiSjh ckr vkSjA cq<kiS jh [kqjkd bZ cnG tkoSAfnuwxS dksbZ jh lCth lwa jatS dksuhA dhaNkN&jkcM+h gqoS rkS isV HkjÓksM+kS ykxSAdk;k frjir gqoS rkS gqoS] uha gqoS rkS uha gqoSAik.kh ih*j th uS fVdk ysoSA vkSj tksj bZdkabZ pkyS\ cq<kikS lkspS& VSe fVi tkoS rkSlgh gSA jkr uS dha nw/k&[khpM+h feG tkoS]èkku gGdkS gqoS rkS Bhd jSoSA uhan lkoGvkoSA uha rkS dnSbZ Ånl mBS] dnSbZ thnks*jkS gqoS] dnSbZ lkal mBS] dnSbZ uhan uhavkoS] i.k VSe rkS fVik.kkS gS] fVikoSA mikobZ dkabZ\

vsd jkr irkS uha dkabZ ckr gqbZ dS jksVhvkbZ*t dksuhA EgSa gsyk bZ ekjÓk] i.k lq.;kdksuhA jke tk.kS dkabZ gq;kS dS lxGS bZlwU;kM+ gq;xh] tk.kS P;k:a dkauh lksikSgq;X;kSA iSyh rkS Hkw[k gsyk ekjÓk] i.k ok bZtixhA EguS uhan jkS vsd xqVdkS vk;X;kSAHkw[k bZ uhan ekaxS] i.k ekaxS dn rkabZ\ EgSatkX;kS t.kk Hkw[k lkxS tkxxhA EgSa nq[khgq;kS] eu esa iNrkokS vk;kSA lksp.k ykX;kSdS b.k lwa rkS ekSr vkNh gSA EgSa jksVh lwa bZewa?kkS gq;X;kS!

EgSa fgEer dj ijkS mBÓkSA ?kj P;k:adkauh can gq; jk[;kS gkSA L;kr lxGka jSÅijkdj uhan fQjxhA vklS&iklS dqfr;ktkxrk jSork] oS bZ lks;X;kA EgSa Qs:a ekaphij vk;*j vkMkS gq;X;kSA vkt dkabZ gks;kS\?kjokGk Egkjh jksVh bZ HkwyX;kA Egkjh cw<yhdBSbZ iM+h gqoSyh HksGh gq;ksM+hA m.kuS lq.khtSuha] lw>S uhaA m.kjkS vkijkS cks> bZ dksuhlaHkS] Egkjyh dq.k lq.kS\ eu esa fopkj djÓkS&Nksjk HkwyX;k nhlSA i.k Nksjk x;k dBS\L;kr jkeyhyk ?kyS gS xkao esa] cBS x;knhlSA EgSa vkMkS gksowaA Qs:a cSB tkowaA Hkw[kuS uhan dBS\ EgSa Qs:a vsd xqVdkS ik.khih;kSA Qs:a vsd chM+h flGxkbZA

bÙkS esa nwj Vkcj cksyrk lq.khT;kA L;krjkeyhyk f[kaMxhA Nksjk vkork gqoSykA ckrlkph fudGhA Nksjk uSM+k vk;X;kA EgSa gsykSekjÓkS& ^^vjs dq.k gS\ ?kksfV;kS gS dkabZ\**

^^gka nknkA**lkpk.kh ?kksfV;kS gkSA^^vjs ?kksfV;k] EgSa rkS Hkw[kkS bZ gwaA**^^vjs nknk] EgSa rkS Hkwy bZ fx;kSA**^^okg HkkbZ] okg!**?kksfV;kS vj iwjf.k;kS eka;uS x;k vj eka

uS txkbZA

32

^^eka] vks eka! vkt nknkS Hkw[kkS bZ gSA**^^vjs ej ejT;k.kk] EguS rwa dkph uhan

lwa txk nhA rsjkS fga;kS QwVsM+kS gkS\**ok cjM+k;ka tkoS ghA dS;ka tkoS ghA

gqde fn;ka tkoS ghA ck Qs:a cksyh& ^^vjscha gkaMh esa ns[kA dha [kqjp.k iM+h gqoSyk]?kky nSA nw/k jkS vsd ifG;kS ?kkynSA fxVyslhA**

EguS ok cjM+korh lq.khtS ghA cksyrhlq.khtS ghA gqde nsorh lq.khtS ghA

jkr BaMh gh] i.k dk;k xje gh] cksyxje gkA EgSa uk cksy ldS gkS] uk pky ldSgkS] uk dha dj ldS gkSA

NsoV m.k vsd ckr dgh ftdh jk cksydkGtS xMX;kA ck cksyh& ^xkao jk lxGkcwf<;k&cw<yh ejX;kA vkika okGka cwf<;ka uSekSr bZ dksuh vkoSA irkS uha] vS xGS jk gkMdn fudGlh\**

zz

vc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkNsoV¾vkf[kjA NSydfM+;ka¾iktsc] ik;yA /k.kh¾Lokeh] ekfydA mnl mB.kkS¾xGS esa cGrykx.khA fVirka¾fudGrkaA pwarjh¾pcwrjh] pkSdhA cjM+ko.kkS¾fpjGko.kkSA fxV.kkS¾ekMka.kh[kko.kkSA vkSlk.k¾volj] QqjlrA yko.kh¾QwBjkikS] lqanjrkA fljk.kkS¾fljkafFk;SA ixk.kS¾ixkadkauh] ixkafFk;SA lqU;kM+¾lqulkuA f[kaM.kkS¾fc[kj.kkS] [kre gkso.kkSA dkGtkS¾fg;kSA


fodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- ^^Fks ckjS tkokS** vkS dq.k dS;kS\

¼v½ chu.kh ¼c½ csVkS¼l½ NksjÓka ¼n½ ?kjokGh

¼ ½2- ^^EgSa gsykS ekjÓkS& vjs dq.k gS\** vBS gsyS jkS ladsr fd.k lk: gS\

¼v½ ?kjokGh ¼c½ chu.kh¼l½ iksrkS ?kksfV;kS ¼n½ csVkS ¼ ½

3- Qxr lwpuk ns; nsorh& EgSa EgkjS ihgjS tkowaA vki vkS dke dj nhtkSAfdlkS dke\¼v½ vki Mkaxjka uS uhj nhT;kSA ¼c½ [kk.kkS c.kk yhT;kSA¼l½ ?kjka Qwl dk< yhT;kSA ¼n½ FksiM+h Fkki yhT;kSA

¼ ½4- ^Fks ckjS tkokS* dgk.kh jkS dgk.khdkj dq.k gS\

v½ fot;nku nsFkk ¼c½ ehBsl fueksZgh¼l½ dj.khnku ckjgB ¼n½ ekypUn frokM+h

¼ ½

33

lko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- ^^chu.kh vkbZ okS fnu EgkauS vkt Hkh ;kn gSA** oha fnu uS fdÙkk lky gks;X;k\2- vcS ckilk] vki vBS jSo.k tksxk dksuh jákA** dq.k fd.kuS dSoS\3- ?kksfV;kS jkr uS dkabZ ns[k.k uS x;ksM+kS gkSA4- ^^EgSa nq[kh gq;kS] eu esa iNrkokS vk;kSA** vS fopkj fd.kjS eu esa vk;k\

NksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iMwÙkj okGk loky1- vki b.k dgk.kh jkS uk;d fd.kuS ekukS vj D;wa\2- ^Fks ckjS tkokS* dgk.kh jkS dkabZ lansl gS\3- ^^irkS uha vS xGS jk gkM dn fudGlh\** vS lcn dq.k fd.k lk: dS;k\

ys[k:Ik iMwÙkj okGk lokyys[k:Ik iMwÙkj okGk lokyys[k:Ik iMwÙkj okGk lokyys[k:Ik iMwÙkj okGk lokyys[k:Ik iMwÙkj okGk loky1- b.k dgk.kh jkS dkabZ lansl gS\ [kqyklSokj fy[kkSA2- ^Fks ckjS tkokS* dgk.kh eka; dF;] laosnuk vj flYi jkS vuwBkS esG gSA** nk[kyk ns;*j

le>kokSA3- ^^vk dgk.kh cw<kiS jh ihM+ uS lkaxksikax <ax lwa mtkxj djSA** dFku jkS nk[kyk ns;*j

[kqyklkS djkSA4- uhspS fnjhth vksfG;ka jh ijlaxkÅ O;k[;k djkS&¼v½ VSe fVirka tst dksuh ykxSA Egkjh ?kjokGh ftdS fnu EguS cw<kS crk;kS] EgSa cw<kS dksuh

gkSA EgkjS Mhy esa tokuh okGh lkxh dM+d ghA EgSa lkoG ?kwerkS&fQjrkS] [ksr esa dkedjrkSA cq<kikS rkS bÙkkS bZ gkS dS EgkjkS NksjkS ij.khtX;kSA

¼c½ EgSa fgEer dj ijkS mBÓkSA ?kj P;k:a dkauh can gq; jk[;kS gkSA L;kr lxGka jS Åijkdjuhan fQjxhA vklS&iklS dqfr;k tkxrk jSork] oS bZ lks;X;kA EgSa Qs:a ekaph ij vk;*jvkMkS gq;X;kSA vkt dkabZ gks;kS\ ?kjokGk Egkjh jksVh bZ HkwyX;kA

34

fucU/kfucU/kfucU/kfucU/kfucU/k

pkVwpkVwpkVwpkVwpkVw

lkSHkkX;flag 'ks[kkorlkSHkkX;flag 'ks[kkorlkSHkkX;flag 'ks[kkorlkSHkkX;flag 'ks[kkorlkSHkkX;flag 'ks[kkor

fucU/kdkj&ifjpSfucU/kdkj&ifjpSfucU/kdkj&ifjpSfucU/kdkj&ifjpSfucU/kdkj&ifjpSlkSHkkX;flag 'ks[kkor jkS tue Hkxriqjk ¼lhdj½ esa 22 tqykbZ] 1924 esa gks;kSA vkijktLFkkuh lkfgR;&txr esa izkphu lkfgR; jk lks/kosrk jS :i esa vkijh vyk;nh vksG[kk.kjk[kSA vki jktLFkkuh 'kks/k&laLFkku] pkSikluh ¼tks/kiqj½ eka; ukSdjh djrk Fkdka dsbZ izkphuikaMqfyfi;ka jkS laiknu dfj;kSA vki jktLFkkuh Hkk"kk] lkfgR; ,oa laLÑfr vdkneh jk nksckj v/;{k jS;k vj jkT; ljdkj dkauh lwa xfBr jktLFkkuh Hkk"kk mUu;u lfefr jk bZ vè;{kjS;kA

vkijh Nfi;ksM+h iksfFk;ka gS& jktLFkkuh fucU/k laxzg] jktLFkkuh lkfgR; lEink]iwtka ikao dohljka] th.k ekrk] bZljnkl uked fofHkUu pkj.k dfo] jktLFkkuh lkfgR;&laLÑfrvkSj bfrgklA vki ^tkMk esgM+w xzUFkkoyh*] ^Mwaxjlh jruw xzUFkkoyh* ¼Hkkx % 1 o 2½]^jktLFkkuh ohj xhr laxzg* ¼Hkkx 1 lwa 4½] jktLFkkuh ckrka* ¼Hkkx 3]4]5 vj 7½] foUgS jklkS*]^cyon foykl*] 'ks[kkokVh ds ohj xhr*] ,sfrgkfld #Dds&ijokus* vkn dsbZ egrkÅ xzUFkkajkS lEiknu dfj;kSA vkijkS dkO;&laxzS ^j.kjksG* bZ pjpk esa jS;kSA

ikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSladfyr fucU/k pkVw* tFkkjFkoknh gSA yksadh jk y[k ekjx T;wa pkVw gj tqx] gj okrkoj.kvj gj ifjfLFkfr esa jSoSA m.kjh ek;k uS dksbZ uha le> ldSA pkVw jS vkxS eksVk&eksVkxteku xtifr;ka jS lh;kS p< tkoSA pkVw jS ika.k jktuhr] lektuhr] lkfgR;uhr lSaxuhfr;ka iqGSA lks pkVw lwa Mj.kS esa bZt [kse&dqlG gSA vka[k m?kkM+ uS pkVw jh vkjrh mrkjkS]b.kh esa gS lxGka jkS fuLrkjkSA lcn&p;u ?k.kkS mEnk vj Hkklk ?k.kh lkarjh vj jG;ko.kh gSA

pkV wpkV wpkV wpkV wpkV w

?k.kk yksx pkVw uS dksjkS ykdM+h jkSVqpdykS] :a[k jkS NkaX;kS&NkY;kS BwafB;kS][kkrh jk jank lwa jkan dkfV;ksM+kS jlksoM+k jkSjkN] rjdkjh&rhao.k jkS jefr;kS] gkaMh jkSgEehj] pwYgk jkS pkan uS ckaB&cks>k] [kstM+h]dSj jkS tyE;kS&tk;kS bZt ekuS m.k jkvkika.k Åjeka uS uha vksG[kS] tn gh pkVw jkpeRdkjka lwa v.ktka.k ?k.kk vDdy jk mthj]

cqèk jk osnO;kl] X;ku jk x.ks'k] xkscj&x.ks'kcf.k;k Fkdka vkijh vkoM+nk iwjh dj uka[kS]jksgh jk f=lk fezxyk T;wa in&ika.kh jk[kkst dk<rk HkaHkkHkksGh [kkork fQjSA Qsj Hkhm.kka vsd fgjf.k;kajh gd f=[kk uha cq>SAm.kka jh gdka jk cknGk c.kS uS FkksFkk yywllkfeV tkoSA fl;kGk jk lhdksV jh Hkkar izHkkrjk o.kS uS nksiSj jk xG tkoS] dkpk&dGok

35

T;wa NkÅa&E;kÅa OgS tkoSA HkksGk feu[kdkabZ tk.kS pkVw dkabZ gSA pkVw fd.k Hkkarlalkj jk vk[kk lq[k eka.kSA fcuk pwu yw.kjh jksVh iksoS uS lq[k lwa [kwaVh rka.k lksoSApkVw jS /kdS Bx jh BxkbZ] ckthxj jh gkFklQkbZ] >xM+k;rka esa lai djkof.k;ka jhj[kkbZ jh fo|k uS vM+dlh jh vktkj feVkbZ]esG feGkbZ lxGh ckrka ik.kh HkjSA pkVwthHk jh yM+kbZ jh dekbZ [kkoSA m.k jh thHkjh djkekr vkxS eksVk&eksVk ek.klka jhldGkbZ jh cktrh >kyjka Be tkoSA fdLrwjhjh lkSje uS ghax mMk uka[kS( diwj jh lqoklyl.k jS lkaEgS Ugkl tkoS] m.kh jhr pkVw jSvkxS lxGka jh vdy jk iSM+k tke OgS tkoSA

lh/kk L;k.kka feu[k vk tk.kS dS pkVw[kkyh ekVh jh gkaMh jkS ekaVh bZt gqoS] jaèkh.kjkS jkbZoj bZt gqoS] Hkkth&Hkqxrh jkS HkjrkjbZt gqoS] [khpM+h jkS [kkon bZ gqoS] jkcM+h jkSjfl;kS bZt gqoS] i.k bÙkh*t okr uha gSA pkVwjlksoM+k jkS eksVkS rktnkj rktheh mejkogqoSA m.kjS vkxS nsl&nhok.k ÅHkk nkarfrM+dkoS] iap gtkjh ix iaiksGSA pkVw jhvksGx pkdjh esa] VSy&canxh esa BkMk&BkMkBkdj ÅHkk FkM+h djSA pkVw jh pkdjh esafcuk /ksy&VDdS ?k.kk lcGk&fucGky[kVfd;k] eSQfy;k] ckrka jk ckye][kVifV;k [kqek.k] QaQksM+] ewa<ka jk ekaVh]eVSM+k jS pkd jS Fkkik jS v.kxkj jk vknehvBikSj ÅHkk jSoSA

pkVw uha pkdh pykoS] uha [ksr deko.ktkoS] uha ekVh Hkjh dkBM+h mBkoS] uha ikGkSix mBkoS] uha yw[kkS [kkoSA vk[kS fnu dkejS ukao lwa QGh bZt uha QksM+SA cl ckrka jkfc.kt fc.ktS uS yk[kka jk okjk&U;kjk djSAeksVk feu[kka jh FkGh ij tk eqtjkS djSAlkp uS dwM+] dwM+ uS lkp dS;uS m.kka jkeu HkjekoSA cl] Qsj NÙkhl fctuka jk Hkksx

HkksxS] uphr eYgkj xkoSA i.k vk djkekrdkabZ de gqoSA b.k jk cG lwa rkS ywaBk&ywaBkajkS /kwaokS dk< uka[kSA m.kka uS pkVw uha ?kj jkNksMS] uha ?kkV jkA ft.k c[kr pkVw p<uSpkdjh ij pkyS] m.k c[kr /kjk /kwtS] es?k?kM+wdS] nsojkt jkS fla?kkl.k MqySA dq.ktk.kS pkVw fd.k leS dkabZ dqc/k dj uka[kSAdkabZ ckr fd.k c[kr iSjklwV dj nS! fd.kHkksGk HkwrukFk jk fpÙk uS pdjh p<k nsoS!

pkVw ijokj jkS /k.kh gqoSA pkVw jkS tqojktpkepkS] jk;daojh peph] ij/kku iyVkS]dksVokG dqM+NkS] QkStnkj >jkS] izkarikGVhifj;kS] ru&nhoka.k fefj;kS] ikSlkdh iGkS][kokl [kqjp.kkS uS rkscph rkdGkS gqoSA pkVwpkyS tn vS lkjk jka.k&[kqeka.k m.kuS fonkdjSA vS lkjk vsd [kkank jh ekVh jk ckl.kgqoS vj leS iM+S pkVw jh ckr uS gsBS uhaiM+ck nsos] Åij jh Åij >sy ysoSA vS ika.khiSyh ikG ckaèkSA mG>h&lqG>h uS lka/kSApkVw tn vkijk yoktek jS lkFkS pkdjhekFkS cghj gqoS] t.kka tk.kS ika[k vk;ksM+hdhM+h T;wa mMrkS y[kkoSA xqjM+ jh xfr] Hkwrjh ek;k uS cknG jh Nk;k T;wa fN.k&iydesa >cdkS uka[kuS vyksi OgS tkoSA

pepkS rkS pkVw lwa Hkh nks; ix vk?kkdk<SA V.kdk&V.kdk Hkkjh[ke cq/k jk Hkk[kjfx.khtf.k;ka uS gkaMh jh [kqjp.k T;wa [kqjpuS BkSM+&Bk.kS yxk nsoSA pepkS jktiqj[kka jSvlokM+S&ilokM+S b;ka cqoS] ft;ka nhofV;kajS lkFkS&lkFkS va/kkjkS pkySA pepk jS ewaMS esathHk b.k jhr iGsVk ekjS tk.kS gGkcksG jSdM+ko esa iyVkS iGsVk [kkoS] gjh nwc dkauhfgj.kh ekYgS] Hkk[kj jh <Gkar dkauh cjlkGkjkS ckgGkS pkyS] djkM+ka p<h unh jkS uhjpkyS] Mwaxjka jk [kkGka /kdS èkwM+ pkyS] vSM+hpkVw jh vlokjh pkySA

yksx dSoS dS pkVw jkS dksbZ feu[k tekjk

36

esa tekjkS gS! pkVw jh iwB ikNS lxGk m.kjh pgÓS&igÓS djS] i.k ewaMkxS lSaax m.k lwaMjSA b.k esa Mj&Hk; jh dkabZ ckr gSA ÅanjkjkS tk;kS rkS fcy bZt [kksnlhA iNS pkVwvkijh pkVwfxjh lwa Vkcj&Vhaxjka uS lSaViky*esa Hk.kkoS rkS fd.kh jkS gdukd isV D;wanw[kSA vki vkijh djkekr uS vki&vkijkdkj gSA pkVw jkS /ka/kkS pkVwfxjhA pepk jkSdke pepkfxjhA i.k] pepkfxjh lwa bZtpepe fey tkoS rkS lxGk pepk uha c.ktkoS! pksap rkS dcwrj bZ pykoS] i.k vkoHkxrdks;y jh ok.kh jh bZt gqoSA dksjh thHkka jhyikyksG lwa bZt ikj uha iM+SA pkVw jh Hk.kkbZch-vsM- vse-vsM- uS vkbZ-lh-vsl- lwa Hkheqagxh iM+S gSA pepka jh ikslkG U;kjh bZtgqoSA pepk jh eqgkj.kh uS ?kksf[k;ka bZt dkeuha l/kSA [kkyh ckjg[kM+h jk ckjg dDdk uSyksgM+kS dq] oMkS dw jVck lwa bZt dkjtflèk uha gqoSA jVk;ksM+kS lwoVkS xksfoan] xksikyuS ukjk;.k rkS cksy yS] i.k dkabZ okS xksfoanukjk;.k jk pfj=ka uS rksy yS] xhrk jk X;kujh ?kqGxkaBka [kksy yS!

cksyck esa rkS ia[ks#oka esa dkxykS bZtdDdk cksyS] eksY;kS bZt fdDdh dSoS] dwdM+kSbZt dwa poS] dks;y bZt dkSDdm cksyS] rwrhbZt rwabZ rwabZ Hk.kS vuS ?k.kk tkuoj dqabZ uSdqabZ vk[kj /kqu cksyS bZt gS] i.k b.k lwadkabZ\ m.kuS dnS yk[k&ilko feGrkS nhBkSgS\ pkVw jh Hk.kkbZ jh ikslkG chth bZt gqoSApkVw jkS ^dkslZ* U;kjks bZt gqoSA pkVw jh^fMxzh* pkVw uS bZt feGSA pkVw jh i<kbZ esafo[k jh chtxf.kr Hk.kkbZtSA lalkj jkS lusgjkS [kksxkG uS fc.kkl jk cht pkVw jh opufonX/krk gqoSA cklx ukx jkS Q.k] vkx jh>kG bZt pkVw jkS lqHkko gqoSA cksy.k esaxwanfxjh jk lkaVk tSM+kS ehBkS gqoS] i.k djrwrkaesa ihfG;k xks;jk uS bZ ijS cSBkoSA vSM+kS MadekjS dS vkxykS ik.kh bZt uha ekaxSA tejkt

jk MafM;k lwa MafM;k xsgj je.kkS uS pkVw lwavM+dlh dj.kkS cjkscjA pkVw lwa rkS MafM;kSfeGk;kS jk[kS lks bZt HkykSA ft.k jh vdymèkkjh fy;ksM+h gqoS] okS bZt pkVw jh ckr uSmFksGSA uharj rkS m.k dkG&thHkk lwagksBkatksM+h dq.k djSA

pkVw uS pkVw dSo.kkS uS ÅtM+ cSo.kkScjkscjA vaoGh jh laoGh uS laoGh jh vaoGhdj.kh pkVw jS MkaoGS gkFk jkS [ksy fx.khtSAdksbZ pkVw jh dj.kh ekFkS jhlka cGS rkS yk[kcGkS] vkS rkS pkVw jkS lqHkko gS dS b.k rjQjk Hkk[kj m.k rjQ uS m.k rjQ jk Mwaxjb.k rjQ /kj nso.kkA

pkVw jh dksbZ ca/kh&ca/kkbZ ixkj uha gqoSAm.kjh iSnk Åij&NkGk jh gqoSA d.kka eghukajh gtkj bZ iVd ysoS uS d.kkbZ lkS&nks; lkSekFkS bZt ljeks[k yso.kh iM+SA pkVw jhpkdjh uS ?k.kk yksx fgdkjr jh vka[k lwatksoSA i.k b.k tqx jh thoktwa.k esa Fk.kd<nwèk lkj[kkS lko fujeG dq.k gS\ pkan uSbejr&cjlh dSoS gSA banj uS /kjkir dSoSgSA ladj uS egknso dSoS gS] i.k m.kka uSdGadh] #GSV uS elkf.k;kS Hkh rkS dSoS gSAewaMdh&ewaMdh jh er U;kjh gqoSA ftrjkewaMk] mrjh ckrA yksx&ckxka jk ewa<k jSNhadh FkksM+h bZ tM+htSA iNS pkVw uS pepkSpepkfxjh uha djlh rkS dkabZ [ksr esa gGgkadlh] ÅaV yknlh] deBka ekFkS dkBM+h<kslh] jsokM+ jh ehax.;ka lksjlh] Hkk[kjh jkHkkBk Hkkaxlh! vSM+k dke&/ka/kk djlh t.kkabÙkkS Hk.k&xq.k uS dkabZ fd;kS\ dkabZ tqckujh tck&tksM+h] ckr c.kko.kh dke uha fx.khtS!vcksyka jh eksrh nk.kka&lh taokj iM+h jSoSvj leS ekFkS cksyS m.kka jk cwaHkGk ljS ctkjèkksGS fnu NS ialsjh jh BkSM+ nks fjfi;ka fdyksfcdSA ijk;k isV esa vkijS fgr jh ckr mrkjnso.kkS] vkaxGÓka èkje dj.kkS dkabZ YgksM+hdGk fx.khtSA lfl dGk&lh lqisr] la[k&lh

37

/koG] fge&lh veG uS nwèk&lh /kksGh gkjjS e.kdka jh Hkkar iks;ksM+h lko lgh] esg jktG jh Hkkar dwM+ èkwM+ lwa] vka/kh&vjM+ka jh[ksg lwa vNwrh ckr uS yqgkj jS vkj.k jkfy;kGk c.kko.k jh djkekr ykxS rkS jxR;kHkS:a rkabZ cdjka jk dku dq.k dkVS! dksjhthHkka jh yikyksG lwa bZt ukdkS uha >GSAthHk jh djkekr jS lkFkS pkSlB ?kM+h ixkaekFkS FkM+h&lh dj.kh iM+SA

pkVw jS Mj lwa ywaBk&ywaBk /khax èktèkkjhb.k Hkkar /kwtS] ft.k Hkkar FkksM+h&lhd ioujS fgyksj lwa ihiG jkS iÙkkS dkaiSA pkVw jSvkxS eksVk&eksVk xtxkr xtifr;ka uS lh;kSp< tkoSA pkVw jh ckr jkS vlj rhtkjk jkMksfM;k] /krwjk jk jl] dfiy jk dksi uSjko.k jk j< lwa ?k.kkS tknk gqoSA pkVw ft.kjkr tyfe;kS] ft.k iqG ?kM+hft;kS ok iqG

okgqM+ uS ikNh uha vkbZA pkVw jS ika.k jktuhr]lekt uhr] lkfgR; uhr lSax uhfr;ka iqGSAftdh thHk xqykafp;k dcwrjka jh HkkartBka&dBhuS yqGrh jSoS] okS bZt [kjkS pkVwdghtSA yksV.k dcwrjka jh jhr vkijk MhyuS uha eksM+ ldS] okS lkp jk yk[k VkdkdksFkGh esa ?kkfy;ka fQjkS] m.kuS iwN.kS&crGko.kS [kkrj cksy.kkS c[kr fd.k duSifM+;kS gS vj dq.k yksHk jh yk; esa cGrkvkt jk b.k nkSM+rk&Hkkxrk tqx esa nqgkx.kjk xq.koku MkoM+k uS cqpdkj.k jkS] fgeGkllwa crGko.k jkS lkgl dj vkijkS ukao CySdfyLV* esa eaMkoSA

pkVw jS HkLeh dM+k lwa ladj [kqn bZtMjrkS yqdrkS fQjÓkS] lks pkVw lwa Mj.kS eabZt [ksedqlG gSA vka[k Å?kkM+ uS pkVw jhvkjrh mrkjkS] b.kh esa gS lxGka jkS fuLrkjkSA

zz

vc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkrjdkjh&rho.k¾lkx&lCth] yxko.kA HkaHkkHkksGh¾pdjko.kkSA yywylk¾pkiywlhAljeks[k¾larks[kA ÅijNkGk¾Åijk&ÅijhA jkN¾vkStkjA f=lka¾frjlkSA nksiSj&nksQkjkSAvk[kk¾lxGkSA lai¾esGA Be tkoS¾#d tkoSA lqokl¾lqxa/k] lkSjeA ekVh¾phd.kh ekVhAekaVh¾/k.khA iSM+k¾pDdkA Hkjrkj¾/k.khA uphr¾fparkfogw.k] upharkSA okl.k¾BkaeA lka/kS¾tksM+SA ika[k¾ia[kA iwB ikNS¾ykjS] ijiwBA MkaoGS¾MkoSA vaoGh¾vkaVh] vkadh¾ckadhAlaoGh¾lh/khA /kjkir¾/kjrhifrA pkSlB ?kM+h¾fnu jkrA lh;ks p<+ tkoS¾ljnh ykx*j rkovko.kkSA


fodGikÅ iMwÙkj okGkfodGikÅ iMwÙkj okGkfodGikÅ iMwÙkj okGkfodGikÅ iMwÙkj okGkfodGikÅ iMwÙkj okGk1 fdLrqjh jh lkSjHk uS Hkh mM+k; uk[kS&

¼v½ ghax ¼c½ yl.k¼l½ diwj ¼n½ panu

¼ ½2- ^nhofV;k jS lkFkS&lkFkS va/ksjS T;wa^ jkt iqj[kka jS lkFkS pkyS&

¼v½ ij/kku ¼c½ dksVokG¼l½ Qkstnkj ¼n½ pepkS

¼ ½

38

3- pkVw fd.k Hkkar jkS fuca/k gS&¼v½ dkYifud ¼c½ fopkjkRed¼l½ HkkoukRed ¼n½ yfyr

¼ ½4- egknso HkLeh dM+kS fd.kuS jkth gq;*j fn;kS&

¼v½ HkLeklqj uS ¼c½ ck.kklqj uS¼l½ jko.k uS ¼n½ dal uS

¼ ½lko NksVk iMwrj okGklko NksVk iMwrj okGklko NksVk iMwrj okGklko NksVk iMwrj okGklko NksVk iMwrj okGk1- HkksGk feu[k fd.kjS ckjS esa dksuh tka.kS\2- eksVk feu[kk jh FkGh tk; eqtjkS dq.k djS\3- nhofV;k jS lkFkS&lkFkS dkaÃ pkyS\3- dks;y jh bt vko&Hkxr D;wa gksoS\4- HkLeh jk dM+k lwa Mjrka dq.k yqdrka fQjÓka\

NksVk iMwrj okGk lokyNksVk iMwrj okGk lokyNksVk iMwrj okGk lokyNksVk iMwrj okGk lokyNksVk iMwrj okGk loky1- pkVw pkyS tn dq.k fey*j mBkuS fonk djS\2- ika.kh iSGh ikG cka/k.kkS^ eqgkojS jkS vjFk fy[k*j okD; esa Á;ksx djkSA3- ^ftrjk eawMk mrjh ckrA^ vksGh jS vjFk jkS [kqyklkS djkSA4- ys[kd eqtc [kjkS pkVw dq.k dghtS\

ys[k:i iMwrj okGk lokyys[k:i iMwrj okGk lokyys[k:i iMwrj okGk lokyys[k:i iMwrj okGk lokyys[k:i iMwrj okGk loky1- pkVw ckcr vke yksxka jh dkaÃ /kkj.kk gS\ fucU/k jS vk/kkj ekFkS [kqyklkS djkSA2- ys[kd pkVw jS lqHkko vj opu eka; dkaÃ Qjd crk;kS gS\ crkokSA3- ^pkVw deZ lwa uh opu lwa thok&twa.k iwjh djSA^* vki b.k dFku lwa dBS rkaÃ lSer gkS\4- *pkVw* fucU/k jh Hkklk&lSyh jh folslrkoka uS nk[kyk ns;*j mtkxj djkSA5- uhspS fnjhth vksfG;ka jh ijlaxkÅ O;k[;k djkS&¼v½ pkVw uha pkdh pykoS] uha [ksr deko.k tkoS] uha ekVh Hkjh dkBM+h mBkoS] uha ikGkS ix

mBkoS] uha yw[kkS [kkoSA vk[kS fnu dke jS ukao lwa QGh bZt uha QksM+SA cl ckrka jk fc.ktfc.ktS uS yk[kka jk okjk&U;kjk djSA eksVk feu[kka jh FkGh ij tk eqtjkS djSA lkp uSdwM+] dwM+ uS lkp dS;uS m.kka jk eu HkjekoSA cl] Qsj NÙkhl fctuka jk Hkksx HkksxS]uphr eYgkj xkoSA

¼c½ pkVw uS pkVw dSo.kkS uS ÅtM+ cSo.kkS cjkscjA vaoGh jh laoGh uS laoGh jh vaoGh dj.khpkVw jS MkaoGS gkFk jkS [ksy fx.khtSA dksbZ pkVw jh dj.kh ekFkS jhlka cGS rkS yk[k cGkS]vkS rkS pkVw jkS lqHkko gS dS b.k rjQ jk Hkk[kj m.k rjQ uS m.k rjQ jk Mwaxj b.k rjQ/kj nso.kkA

39


HksGi] lSa.ki vj HkkbZpkjkSHksGi] lSa.ki vj HkkbZpkjkSHksGi] lSa.ki vj HkkbZpkjkSHksGi] lSa.ki vj HkkbZpkjkSHksGi] lSa.ki vj HkkbZpkjkS

ewGnku nsikorewGnku nsikorewGnku nsikorewGnku nsikorewGnku nsikor

fucU/kdkj&fucU/kdkj&fucU/kdkj&fucU/kdkj&fucU/kdkj&ifjpSifjpSifjpSifjpSifjpSewGnku nsikor jkS tue chdkusj fj;klr esa dj.kh ekrk jS txpkoS feanj okGS rhjFkns'kuksd ¼chdkusj½ esa 2 Qjojh] 1943 esa gks;kSA lkfgR;&lsok jk laLdkj okauS ifjokj lwafeGÓk vj jktLFkkuh lkfgR; jpuk jkS pko ckGi.kS lwa bZ jS;kSA oS jktLFkku f'k{kk foHkkxesa ofj"B v/;kid gkA vkijh jpukoka fljt.k] dwaiG] fgoM+S jkS mtkl] ek.kd&pkSd]eksrh&ef.k;k] vksG[kk.k vkn ladyuka esa NihA e#Hkkjrh] ek.kd] tkxrh tksr vj nwthi=&if=dkoka eka; vkijk jktLFkkuh fucU/k yxksyx NirkA vkijk nks fucU/k&laxzS cqxpks*vj ^cfGgkjh m.k nslM+S* jktLFkkuh fucU/k lkfgR; jh /kjksM+ ekuhtSA vkijS fucU/k&laxzSekFkS jktLFkkuh Hkk"kk] lkfgR; ,oa laLÑfr vdkneh jkS x| iqjLdkj feGÓkSA vki eka dj.kh*vj chdkusj iap 'krkCnh Lekfjdk* jk lg&lEiknd jS;kA

ikB&ikB&ikB&ikB&ikB&ifjpSifjpSifjpSifjpSifjpSewGnku nsikor jh fucU/kka jh iksFkh cqxpkS* eka; ladfyr fucU/k HksGi] lSa.ki vj HkkbZpkjkS*eka; vki.kh vknw Hkkjrh; laLØfr jkS c[kk.k djhT;kS gSA vBS jh laLØfr vkRelkr dj.k jhlaLØfr gSA tBS vsd&nwtS jS /kje uS vknjhtSA vBS lR;] bZeku] ijksidkj uS /kje crkoSvj >wB] fuank] nqjkpj.k] cqjkbZ uS v/kje ekuS NqvkNwr Hkkjrh; lekt&O;oLFkk ekFkS dGadgSA Hkxoku jke lcjh jS vSaBksM+k cksfj;k vj lkaofj;S dsGk jk Nwrdk [kk/kkA oS Hkh HksnHkkouha jk[;kS rkS iNS vkika D;wa cjrkaA b.k lekt esa f'k{kk jS izHkko lwa dksth dqjhrka de rkSgks; jS;h gS] i.k nwth dqjhrka vkijk ix ilkj jS;h gSA vBS lxGk vsd&nwtS jk fraokj lkxSjG uS eukoSA yksxka jh Hkkouk] lkEiznkf;d ln~Hkko] vatltksx vj c[kk.kS ftlkS gSA vktjh ;qok ih<h eka; ckijÓksM+h ulS jh dksth yrka okauS dqekjx ekFkS ys tk jS;h gSA vke vknehèkje&lEiznk; jS jxM+k&>xM+k lwa vyk;nk gq;*j izse] lkSgknZ] vknj] ln~Hkko lwa jSoS vjvsd&nwtS jh vM+h esa vkMk vkoSA vkt vkika vsdeu gks;*j pkyka rkS nsl fuLpS bZ mUufrdjSykA b.k dkj.k lkEiznkf;d ln~Hkko] jk"Vªh; vsdrk vj vuqlklu jS lkFkS vk Hkkoukt:jh gS dS ^ge lc Hkkjrh; gSa* vj ^lkjs tgka ls vPNk fgUnksLrka gekjk*A

40

feu[kka lwa lekt c.kSA ekuo jS lacaèkka]lekt jh ekurkoka] :f<;ka vj ijaijkoka jhikG.kk esa dqVqEc&dchyk] tkfr&O;oLFkkvj jhr&ikar c.khA xkao djS T;wa xSyh uS Hkhdj.kkS iM+SA lfn;ka lwa pkyrh ijaijkokankSjh NwVS] i.k c[kr jS lkFkS cnGko Hkhvko.k ykxSA vkt nqfu;k esa vkilh HkkbZpkjSvj ln~Hkko jh ?k.kh t:jr gSA b.k vkjfFkdtqx esa vkik/kkih] lqokjFk] gksM] gks; /kugk; èku jh cqjkb;ka jS dkj.k ln~Hkko jSlqanj egy jS [kat.k jh fpark le>okuka uSlrkoSA vki.kS cMsjka jS gsrizse lwa lhaP;ksM+kSHkyi.k jkS oVo`{k vkilh erHksn] vksNhekufldrk vj NksVk&NksVk lqokjFkka jh mnsoGlwa [kks[kykS uha gqoS] fuaxS jk[k.kh t:jh gSA

vki.kh vknw Hkkjrh; laLÑfr Hkkar&HkarhyhlaLÑfr;ka jkS esG gSA vki.kh laLÑfrvkRelkr jh laLÑfr gSA vBS tks Hkh vk;kS]vBS jkS c.kX;kSA vk;ksM+k] tk;ksM+ka lwa cÙkkykxSA Hkkjr jh QqyokM+h esa Hkkar&Hkkar jSQwyka lwa lksHkk gSA vBS vusdrk esa vsdrkgSA b.kjS ewG esa o.kZ&O;oLFkk vj tkfrizFkkjkS izHkko lkaijrsd y[kkoSA U;kjh&U;kjhtkfr;ka jk /kje] dje vj jhfr&fjoktU;kjk&U;kjkA vsd nwtS jS èkje jkS vknjHkkocMh ckr gSA b.k lwa tkr& fcjknjh] /kje jSuke ekFkS Hkharka uha [kapSA HksGi vj HkkbZpkjkScf.k;kS jSoSA lxGk èkjeka jh vkNh ckrka uSeku.khA lxGk lar] egkRek] vkSfy;k iq#"kfeu[k jS HkyS jh gh f'k{kk nsoSA oS lR;]bZeku] ijksidkj uS èkje crkoS vj >wB]fuank] nqjkpj.k] cqjkbZ uS v/kje ekuS feu[kkaesa dksbZ ÅapkS&uhpkS uha gqoSA fopkjka] vkpj.klwa feu[k jh igpk.k gqoSA HkyS jh ckr lkspS]fopkjS okS HkykS vkneh vj vksNk fopkj jk[kS]

HksGi] lSa.ki vj HkkbZpkjkSHksGi] lSa.ki vj HkkbZpkjkSHksGi] lSa.ki vj HkkbZpkjkSHksGi] lSa.ki vj HkkbZpkjkSHksGi] lSa.ki vj HkkbZpkjkS

gGdk dke djS] nwtka uS ihM+k ikSapkoS okSekM+kS vknehA

NqvkNwr Hkkjrh; lekt&O;oLFkk ekFkSdGad gSA feu[k] feu[k esa brjkS HksnHkko\vsdS dkauh minsl fnjhtS dS dke jkS dkabZgGdkS] dke jh dkabZ lje\ vj nwtS dkauhgGdk dke dj.kS okGka jh tkfr;ka uS gGdhcrkoSA oS uhph ekuhtS] okajh cLrh vyk;nhclSA okauS ika.kh Hkh Åij lwa ikbZtSA HksGkSgq;ka xaxktG jk NkaVk fyjhtSA oS Hkxoku jknjl.k uha dj ldSA vk izFkk dq.k pykbZ\feu[k bZt rks pykbZ] uharj Hkxoku jke rkSlcjh jS vSaBksM+k cksfj;k [kk/kkA Hkko jS Hkw[kSlkaofj;S dsGka jk Nwrdk the yhukA txrjS HkyS lk: egknso gGkgG ih yhukSA Fks okajS ix jh gksM dj ldkS\ iNS vk HksnHkkoD;wa\ lcka jkS [kwu vsd ljh[kkS] lc m.kijefirk jh larku] feu[k&feu[k lc vsdgSA tye jS latksx dksbZ uS vkNkS tekjkSfeGX;kS] okS lq[k ikoSA dksbZ jS vk[kh Åejip.kkS ikarh vk;kSA i.k b.k lwa dkabZ\ cMkSrkS cMk dke dfj;ka bZt c.kSA ckYehfd]dchj] jSnkl] ukenso jk yksx xq.kxku djSAfgj.kkdql] dal] jko.k ?k.kkbZ jktk gk uha]okauS dksbZ iwtS\ b.k okLrS ikih lwa uha] ikilwa f?kj.kk djkSA HksnHkko er jk[kkS] NqvkNwr?kksj vijk/k gS] iki gSA tn jkt vj lektnksuwa b.k ckr uS le>Syk] f'k{kk jh tksrtxSyk] Kku jkS pkau.kkS iljSyk rn HksnHkko]NqvkNwr tM+kewG lwa tkoSykA

f'k{kk jS izlkj lwa ckGfookg] iM+nk izFkk]fo/kok&fc[kh] vkSljizFkk] ukrk oxSjg dqjhrkarkS de gks jS;h gS] i.k nwtS dkauh ngstizFkkjk ix ilj.k ykX;k gSA b.k Mkdh nk;tSlwa dhdj ikj ya?khtS\ eqíks] Vhdks] nk;tks

41

ekaxrka yksxka uS vksGt gh uha vkoSA dU;kokajh Hk.kkbZ&i<kbZ lwa t:j FkksM+kS&?k.kkS vkadlykX;kS gSA f'k{kk vj lekt jS izHkko lwavarjtkrh; fookg Hkh gqo.k ykxk gSA tkx`frjh t:jr gS] dksbZ vc<kS dke uha gSA dj.kSlwa lc gqoSA vkt lrhizFkk] cgqiRuhizFkkmBxh dk ugha] iM+nk izFkk Hkh ekSGh iM+xhgS] iNS vS nwtk yipsM+k HkGS D;wa jk[kkS]ikikS dkVkS uhaA vki.kS vBS c[kka.k fnjhtS dSijfgr ljl /kje ugha HkkbZ] ijihM+k leugha v/kekbZA eu] opu vj dje lwa izk.khek=uS Bsl igqapk.kh iki gSA xjhc] Hkw[kS] nhu&nq[khjh lsok esa lq[k feGSA feu[k jkS /kje gSfeu[ki.kkS vj feu[ki.kkS okS gS ftdS lwaekau[kS jkS HkykS HkjhtSA izopu] minsl jSlj esa vk bZt f'k{kk vke vkneh jS fga;S <wdSt.kS okS lkspS vj le>SA vke vkneh /kjeHkh: OgS] vkijS b"V jkS uke flaojS] iwtk ikBdjS] uekt i<S] ozr&miokl djS] jkstkjk[kSA lxGk m.k eksVS ekyd jk xq.kxkudjSA lwjnkl] ehjka] jl[kku] jghe jkin&Hktu tu&tu esa pkok gSA lxGkvkijk Hktu] dhrZu] lcnikB] feykn djSAdchj jh ckf.k;ka xkoS] HkfDrHkko [kkl jk[kSAjkensoth] xksxSth uS eqlGeku ihj eku*jèkksdS] è;kouk jk[kSA [oktk lkgc jS njckjfganw gktjh ctkoS ft;kjr djSA lxGkihjth jh etkj vkxS lwa uhljrk >qdS]flyke djS vj feanj vkxS lwa gkFktksM+uhljSA gksGh&fn;kGh jkek&L;kek djS] bZneqckjdckn nsoSA gkarh&ikSGh HkstS] ijlknhikoSA vsd&nwtS uS tSekrkth jh] lykeokysdqe] lrJh vdky vfHkoknu djhtSAvkil esa lq[k&nq[k jk lhjh c.kSA yksxka jhHkkouk] lkaiznkf;d ln~Hkko vatltksx vjc[kka.kS ftlkS gSA

lekt esa lxGk /kje] leqnk;] tkfr;ka

jk yksx HksGk clSA vsd&nwtS jS dke ifM+;kaennxkj c.kSA lHkh yksxka jk vsd BkSM+ jkjhfr&fjokt vsd tSM+k] iSjkokS] [kkuikuvsd tSM+kSA fujk yksxka esa rkS tkfr;ka]mitkfr;ka jk uke Hkh vsd ftlkA xhr vsdtSM+k] xkG vsd tSM+hA xhrka jh <kG vjlaosnuk esa dBSbZ Qjd uhaA xkaoka esa uqabZchu.kh uS nwtS leqnk; jS [kksGS ?kky.k jkSnLrwj djhtSA cBS m.kuS ihgj jkS ykM&I;kj]okrkoj.k feGSA ckGfookg lekt jh cqjkbZgS] fganw] eqlGeku lcka esa gSA lkekftd:i lwa fiNM+ka esa ?k.kh gSA dkpk lwriGsVhtS] NksVk Fkdka jk fudkg i<htSA ikijk Hkkjk cka/kS] xqukg djSA je.k&[ksy.k jhvkSLFkk esa ?kwa?kVkS dk<htSA iM+nS jkS jksx Hkhlcka jS gSA csesG fookg vj nwth vc[kk;kaiSnk gqoSA csVh ijk;kS èku ekuhtS] /kksjS pk<htSAVkcjka jk gkFk ihGk dj. jh fpark vjiksrS&iM+iksrS jkS ewaMkS ns[k.kS jh pkouk esavk[kkrht jS lkoS gtk:a paojh eaMSA f'k{kkesa fiNM+Si.kS] èkkfeZd :f<okfnrk] Ñf"kizèkkurk] la;qDr dqVqEc iz.kkyh vj nwtkvkfFkZd lkekftd dkj.kka lwa vk izFkk thforgSA tkcd Vkcjka uS FkkGh esa cSBka.k ij.kkoSAHkxoku uk djS] dkbZ fdlh gq; tkoS rkSvk[kh Åej jaMkikS Hkqxr.kkS iM+SA lkekftd:i lwa fiNM+h tkfr;ka esa ukrkizFkk] jhr vjvêkS&lêkS pkySA lekt esa psruk fcukdkuwu&dk;nk lkS dha fQtwy gSA fiNM+Si.kSjkS vsd dkj.k vkSlj&ekSlj vj uqDrkS gSAVkcjka jkS ewaMkS ÅtGkS dj.k esa ?kj èkks;èkksGkS dj uka[kS] djtS lwa dGhtS tdkSvyk;nkSA thorka HkjisV jkcM+h er feGkS]i.k vsd fnu jS the.k esa vk[kh Åej jkSdpwej dk< uka[kSA vkFkw.kS jktLFkku esaej.kS&ij.kS vey ?k.kkS ÅiM+SA lhekbZ bykdkajS pq.kkoh mEehnokjka jS euokjka& euokjka esa

42

dwaVG vey ykx.k jh [kcjka Nkika esa NiSAvktdkyS ulkS dj.kkS Hkh QSlu c.kX;kS gS]lxGh tkfr;ka jk yksx djSA ulkS P;k:aesjfQjX;kSA ;qok ih<h esa gSjksbu] pjl] xkatk]eSaMªsDl vj nwth ulS jh xksfG;ka jkS pyucèkX;kSA ch;j iho.kkS ibZlka okGka jkS lxy]tukuk flxjsVka HkGS ckijxh crkoSA ns[kkns[khlktS lkS[k] NhtS dk;k] c/kS jksxA vcS fdlS[kkMS esa iM+ka\ ejS ckiM+kS xjhc] m.kjh dksbZtkr&ikar] èkje uha gqoSA feu[k] feu[k OgSAHksnHkko jh tM+ka gS dBS\

vke vkneh [ksrh[kM+] etwj] djlkS gSAokS erHksn] /kje&laiznk; jS jxM+ka&>xM+kaesa uha le>SA okS the.k jh FkkGh U;kjh HkykabZ jk[kkS] eu U;kjk uha jk[kSA eu fefG;ka rkSizse] lkSgknzZ] vknj] ln~Hkko cèkSA esGk] drkjkalxGk yksx lkFkS tkoSA HksGkS Hkkstu c.kS]HksGk gh theSA ix esa NksVkS OgS okS FkkGhekatSA [ksr [kGka esa vM+lh&cM+lh djSAvM+h&cM+h esa vksèkkjkS lktS] lq[k&nq[k jklhjh c.kSA uknkjxh] uSui] FkkdsykS dksbZ jSHkh gks ldSA gGlksM+S esa gG cko.k jh enndjS] Ygkl esa vkijkS dke [kksVh dj ijk*jHkh t:j tkoSA lxGh tkr&fcjknjh jkyksx lS;ksx djSA rht&fraokjka] x.kxkSj]mlZ ekFkS mNko ljko.ktksx gSA HksnHkko]>xM+S jh ckrka vke vkneh uha djSA fc;ka rkSns[kkS ek tk;k HkkbZ Hkh yM+S i.k jktuhfr jSjxM+ka] naxkQlkn esa ckiM+kS xjhc ejS] m.kjkVkcj #GSA b.kjh fpark fd.kuS gS\ dkabZlkpka.kh yksx b;ka yM+S&fHkM+S\ vSM+h [kcjekFkS ifr;kjks uha gqoSA vBS rkS [ksr <ka.kh HkhtkoS rkS ykjS lanwd&isoVh iM+kSlh uS laHkGk*jtkoSA xkao&xkaorjS tkoS rkS xk; HkSal nqgkjh]Vkcjka jh HkkSGko.k ns; tkoSA vk rkS dnSbZuha fcpkjS dS iM+kSlh fd.k tkr jkS gS\ fdlS/kje jkS gS\ oS rkS m.kuS HkkbZ&caèkq] dkdk&ckck

bZ tk.kSA lc vsdy gka] iNS HksnHkko gSdBS\ nqHkkar gS dka;jh\ ckaV.kkS dkabZ gS\ dhale> esa uha vkoSA

vkt jS gkykr ekFkS fopkj djka rkSvew>.kh vkoSA lkekftd vj uSfrd ewY;kaesa fxjkoV vj ladh.kZ fopkj/kkjk jS vksNki.kSlwa vko&vknj ?kVSA vsdS dqVqEc jk bZt tnHksGk uha [kVS rkS iNS nwtS dchyS okGka lwadk ab Z vkl jk[khtSA /kM+k S&dM+ w ack S ]tkr&fcjknjh] lekt jh rkS iNS pharhtSAvsd nwtS esa Qjd le>S t.kS euka esa QjdiM+SA euka esa Qjd vk;ka QaVokM+kS iM+S vjQaVokM+kS gq;ka fojks/k iuiSA nsl jkS gka.k gqoS]izxfr Fke tkoS] fodkl #d tkoSA lairgq;ka lq[k lkserh jgS] ?kj QkVka mtkM+ gqoSAtkfr] /kje] Hkklk jS uke ekFkS ikGk eaMtkoSA fojks/k c/k.k ykxS vj ?k`.kk iuiSAb.kuS vksNS lqokjFk jh gok ykxSA nsl vjlekt jh uha lkspS t.kS fcxkM+ gqoSA cksyfcxkM+k yksx gok fcxkM+ nsos] dksbZ nqlehtxrkS iwGkS uka[k nSA yk; esa vkyk&lwdklSax cGSA lekpkj lq.khtS& Qyka.kh BkSM+>xM+kS&naxkS gqokS gS] ljdkjh vj futhlaifÙk uS uqdlk.k iwX;kS gS] d¶;wZ ykX;kS gSAdkuwu O;oLFkk okLrS iqfyl] lsuk jh VqdfM+;karSukr djhth gSA vcS lkspkS dS vka ckrka lwansl jkS fdrjkS gjtkukS gqoS] fdrjkS /kuykxS] fdrjk fodkl jk dke izHkkfor gqoS\gM+rkyka] can oxSjg lwa fdrjk xjhc etwjhfcuk jgS] fgalk esa fdrjk yksx vuk?kkrekjhtS] fdrjk ifjokj rckg gqoS] b.kjkStckc fd.k duS gS\ jkt ;k lekt dksbZb.kjh iwfrZ dj ldS\ tBS chrS vj ftdS esachrS okS bZt tk.k ldS gSA b.k fpark jhfpark dj.kh t:jh gSA

vkika b.k nsl jk ftEesnkj ukxfjd gka]vk ckr fga;S esa mrkjkS rkS ckr c.kS ?kkbZ&?kqÙkh]

43

fQjdk&ijLrh lwa rkS HkykS HkjhtS ughaA oSj]fojks/k] HksnHkko nsl jh rjDdh okLrS ?kkrdgSA nsl lwa cMkS dksbZ uha gS] nsl uS lclwaÅapkS le>kSA ts nsl vj vktknh ekFkS vkapvkbZ rkS iNS vkS tye vdkjFk bZt tk.kkSAvki.kkS tho.k vki.kS nsl [kkrj gSA vktln~Hkko] lS;ksx vj vsdrk jh t:jr gSAbfrgkl lk[kh gS dS tn&tn b.k nsl jSokflanka esa QwV iM+h gS] QkaVkS ifM+;kS gS rkSijk/khurk Hkqxrh gSA tn vsdtqV gks; vkxScf/k;k gS rkS nsl vkxS cf/k;kS gSA vktknh jhyM+kbZ esa Hkkjr ekrk jS liwrka tn vsdrkèkkjyh rkS iNS nsl uS vktknh feyrka tstdkabZ ykxh\ b.k ?k.keksyh vktknh uS vkika

uS laHkkG*j jk[k.kh gSA vusdrk esa vsdrkb.k nsl jh egku ijaijk jS;h gS] vBS lxGkjG feG*j clSA ljo/kje leHko vBS jh[kkfl;r gSA vke vkneh esa ln~Hkkovatltksx gSA vkika uS b.k ln~Hkko uS dk;ejk[k.kkS gS vj b.k ln~Hkko uS feVko.k okGhdqpsLVkoka uS ikNh uka[k.kh gSA nsl jh mUufresa bZt vki.kh mUufr gSA nsl vki.kkS gS vjlxGk nsloklh vki.kk HkkbZ gSA b.k HkkbZpkjSuS dk;e jk[k.kkS gSA lkEiznkf;d ln~Hkko]jk"Vªh; vsdrk vj vuq'kklu jS lkFkS vkHkkouk t:jh gS dS ge lc Hkkjrh; gSa* vj^lkjs tgka ls vPNk fgUnksLrka gekjk*A

zz

vc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkcMsjk¾iwoZtA fuxS¾/;ku] #[kkGhA Hkharka¾nhokjkaA vyk;nh¾nwj] vsd rjQA vSaBksM+k¾>wBkANwardk¾fNydkA gGkgG¾TgSj] folA pku.kkS¾mtkGkS] mtklA vksGt¾ykt]ljeAvkadl¾vadql] vuqlkluA ekSGh¾detksjA lhjh¾Hkkxhnkj] csyhA HksGk¾lkFkSA dwaVy¾fDoaVyAvew>.kh&th ?kcjko.kkS] jkslht.kkSA gka.k¾uqdlk.kA nqleh¾l=q] cSjhA vuk?kkr¾csekSrAokflank¾jSoklh] oklhA tst¾eksM+kS] vcsGkSA vatltksx¾xqest dj.ktksxA tgka¾txr] nqfu;kA


fodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- vkt jS tqx eka; fdlh dqjhr ?k.kk ix ilkj.k ykxh gS&

¼v½ ngst ÁFkk ¼c½ vkSlj ÁFkk¼l½ iM+nk ÁFkk ¼n½ cky C;kao

¼ ½2- fucU/kdkj ewGnku nsikor jh tyeHkkse gS&

¼v½ nsluksd ¼c½ eFkkfu;k¼l½ fcjkÃ ¼n½ nsox<+

¼ ½3- fucU/kdkj nqHkkar uS dkaÃ crk;kS gS&

¼v½ cgknqjh ¼c½ dk;jh¼l½ ohjrk ¼n½ lS.ki

¼ ½

44

4- Hkkjr jh laLØfr fd.k Hkkar jh laLØfr gS\¼v½ jax&jaxhyh ¼c½ Hkkar&Hkarhyh¼l½ vkRelkr okGh ¼n½ Åijyk rhuwa

¼ ½lko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- ;qok ih<+h esa fd.k ckr jkS py.k c/kX;kS gS\2- ^gkFk ihGk dj.kk^* eqgkojS jkS dkaÃ vjFk gS\3- egkiq#lka jk vkt Hkh yksx xq.kxku D;wa djS\4- dkaÃ ^^csVh uS ijk;kS /ku*^ dso.kkS oktc gS\5- vki.kS nsl jh dkaÃ tcjh ijaijk jS;h gS\

NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- vkt nqfu;k esa fd.k rjS jh Hkkouk ?k.kh t:jh gS\2- f'k{kk jS Álkj lwa fd.k&fd.k lkekftd dqjhrka jkS fuokj.k djÓkS tk; ldS gS\3- ^^cMkS rkS cMk dke djÓka bZt c.kSA^* b.k dFku jkS [kqyklkS djkS\4- Ygkl esa vkijkS dkae [kksVh dj ijk*j Hkh D;wa tkoS\

ys[k:i iMwrj okGk lokyys[k:i iMwrj okGk lokyys[k:i iMwrj okGk lokyys[k:i iMwrj okGk lokyys[k:i iMwrj okGk loky1- ^^lekt esa psruk fcuk dkuwu dk;nk lc fQtwy gSA^* fucU/k jS vk/kkj ekFkS b.k dFku

jh O;k[;k djkS\2- ^nsl jh mUufr esa gh vki.kh mUufr gSA^* b.k dFku uaS /;ku esa jk[krk Fkdka ftEesokj

ukxfjd jS Qjt jkS c[kk.k djkS\3- ^^vkt jS gkykr ekFkS fopkj djka rkS vew>.kh vkoSA^* fucU/k jS vk/kkj ekFkS b.k vksGh jh

fojksG djkSA4- ys[kd HksGi] lS.ki vj HkkÃpkjkS fucU/k esa vki.kh laLØfr uS fd.k Hkkar mtkxj djh gS\5- uhspS fnjhth vksfG;ka jh ijlaxkÅ O;k[;k djkS&¼v½ vki.kh vknw Hkkjrh; laLØfr Hkkar&Hkarhyh laLØfr;ka jkS esG gSA vki.kh laLÑfr

vkRelkr dj.k jh laLØfr gSA vBS tks Hkh vk;kS] vBS jkS c.kX;kSA vk;ksM+k] tk;ksM+ka lwa cÙkkykxSA Hkkjr jh QqyokM+h esa Hkkar&Hkkar jS Qwyka lwa lksHkk gSA vBS vusdrk esa vsdrk gSA

¼c½ ijfgr ljl /kje ugha HkkbZ] ijihM+k le ugha v/kekbZA eu] opu vj dje lwa izk.khek=uS Bsl igqapk.kh iki gSA xjhc] Hkw[kS] nhu&nq[kh jh lsok esa lq[k feGSA feu[k jkS /kjegS feu[ki.kkS vj feu[ki.kkS okS gS ftdS lwa ekau[kS jkS HkykS djhtSA

¼l½ vkika b.k nsl jk ftEesnkj ukxfjd gka] vk ckr fga;S esa mrkjkS rkS ckr c.kS ?kkbZ&?kqÙkh]fQjdk&ijLrh lwa rkS HkykS HkjhtS ughaA oSj] fojks/k] HksnHkko nsl jh rjDdh okLrS ?kkrdgSA nsl lwa cMkS dksbZ uha gS] nsl uS lclwa ÅapkS le>kSA ts nsl vj vktknh ekFkS vkapvkbZ rkS iNS vkS tye vdkjFk bZt tk.kkSA

45


jktLFkku jh yksddykokajktLFkku jh yksddykokajktLFkku jh yksddykokajktLFkku jh yksddykokajktLFkku jh yksddykoka

MkW- egsUæ HkkukorMkW- egsUæ HkkukorMkW- egsUæ HkkukorMkW- egsUæ HkkukorMkW- egsUæ Hkkukor

ys[kd&ys[kd&ys[kd&ys[kd&ys[kd&ifjpSifjpSifjpSifjpSifjpSMkW- egsUnz Hkkukor jkS tue mn;iqj ftyS jS dkuksM xkao esa gks;kSA tn vki Vkcj gk] vkijk

firk Jh izrkieyth lqjxoklh gks;X;kA vkijh ekrk Jherh MsywckbZ ?k.kh fgEer jk[k*j vkijkSykyu&ikGu dj vkiuS i<k;k&fy[kk;kA vkijh l:vkr jh f'k{kk tokgj fo|kihB] dkuksM vjtSu xq#dqy] NksVh lknM+h esa gks;hA iNS vki chdkusj jS lsfB;k tSu Nk=kokl esa jS;*j ch- vs-djh vj ckn esa ukSdjh djrk Fkdka egkjk.kk Hkwiky dkWyst mn;iqj lwa vse- vs- fgUnh vj mn;iqjfo'ofo|ky; lwa jktLFkkuh yksdukV~; ijaijk esa esokM+ jks xojh&ukV~; vj m.kjkS lkfgR;* fo"k;ij ihvsp-Mh- jh mikf/k gkly djhA vki Hkkjrh; yksddyk eaMy] mn;iqj esa mi funs'kd jS;kAys[kd yksd&lkfgR; vj yksddykoka jk ekuhtrk fo}ku vj xos"kd gSA l: esa vkiuS fy[k.kjh izsj.kk vkijk cMk HkkbZ MkW- ujsUnz Hkkukor lwa feGhA vckj rkabZ nsl jh dsbZ i=&if=dkoka esavkijk 300 lwa cslh vkys[k Ni pqD;k gSA {ks=h; vuqla/kku vj laiknu esa Hkh vkijh [kkl #fpjS;h gSA vki ekfld if=dk jaxk;u* vj Nekgh 'kksèk&if=dk yksddyk* jk laiknd gSA MkW-Hkkukor jh dsbZ iksF;ka Ni pqdh gS] ft.kka esa izeq[k gS& yksdukVÓ ijaijk vkSj izozfÙk;ka]yksdjax] yksdukV~; xojh] nsoukjk;.k jkS Hkkjr] yksdnsork rstkth] esokM+ ds jkl/kkjh]rk[kk vacko jks Hkkjr] jktLFkku ds rqjjk&dyaxh] jkenGk dh iM+] dkGk&xksjk jkS Hkkjr]jktLFkku ds jkoG] jktLFkku dh HkokbZ yksddyk % ewY; vkSj lanHkZ] esganh jax jkph]jktLFkku dh jEersa] cztjkt dkO; ek/kqjh] jktLFkku Loj ygjh vknA

ikB&ikB&ikB&ikB&ikB&ifjpSifjpSifjpSifjpSifjpSiksFkh jk fuca/k jktLFkku jh yksddykoka jh vkNh vksG[kk.k djkoSA yksddykoka jh nhB

lwa jktLFkku dsbZ ek;uS esa nwtk izkarka lwa gjkoG gSA vBS jh nso ewjrka] iM+ka vj dkoM+karkS ijnslka esa Hkh tcjkS ukao dek;kSA vBS jh lka>h dyk vkijkS U;kjkS bZ dykRed l:ijk[kSA okj&fraokj ekFkS rkS <kaMk&<ksj rd vBS dyke;h tho.k thoSA vBS jkS xjhc lwa xjhcvkneh bZ vkijS ?kj&vkax.kS uS dksjÓka&fl.kxkjÓka fcuka uha jSoSA b.k dyk jS Ns= esavehj&xjhc jkS dksbZ Hksn uha gSA vk dyk dBSbZ Hksn js[kk uha [khapSA vk varl lwa varltksM+S] fgoM+k [kksySA b.k dykoka jS ikNS lqHkkx] vkLFkk vj fjf)&flf) jk tcjnLr HkkotE;ksM+k gSA b.k [kkrj gjsd vki&vkijS erS lwa vkauS iwtS ljkoS vj lEeku nsoSA

46

jktLFkku jh yksddykokajktLFkku jh yksddykokajktLFkku jh yksddykokajktLFkku jh yksddykokajktLFkku jh yksddykoka

lwjka vj larka jS nsl l:i jktLFkku?k.kks ukeh vj tksxks dghtSA i.k yksxka uSvk Bk dksuha dS yksddykoka jh nhB lwa Hkhvks mÙkks bZt :M+kS&jaxhykS] ywekS&>wekS vjfj)&fl) jks jaxjst gSA yksddykoka mÙkhgh iqjk.kh gS ftÙkh iqjk.kh feu[k jh lH;rkA?k.kkbZ iqjk.kk tekuk lwa feu[k vkijS fgjnSjS mekoka uS jax&jksxu lwa dksj*j rjS&rjS jkHkkar&Hkarko.k vj :i&:iko.k nsorkS jS;kSgSA Vkcjka jk Vijk vj ?kjkSank lwa ys;*jcMk&cw<ka jk ?kk&dksBk rd esa yksddykokajk ykyk&eksrh ns[;k tk; ldSA vkayksddykoka jks ojxhdj.k b.k Hkkar lwa djÓkStk; ldS&

1- okLrqdyk] 2- fp=dyk] 3- ewfrZdyk]4- ekaM.kk] 5- Fkkik] 6- iM+dyk] 7- xwn.kka]8- eSanh] 9- dk"Bdyk] 10- Hkkar&Hkkarhyh dykokaA

okLrqdykokLrqdykokLrqdykokLrqdykokLrqdykjktLFkkuh yksdtho.k esa yksdnsork jh

ekueukSrh vj vkLFkk ?k.kh tcjh gSA b.kokLrS vka jk nso efUnj Hkh dsbZ rjS jhdkjhxjh lwa c.kk;k tkoSA csarjk Nktk] vxjjh ydM+h jk pkSxVk vj panu jk fdaokM+ vjokajh c.kxV vj dkjhxjh vlh djh tkoS dSft.kjkS dksbZ eksy uha vkaD;ks tk; ldSAnsoG&feanj bZ D;wa] vki.kS jSok vkGk caxykHkh ?k.kkbZ dykRed <ax lwa c.kk;k tkoSAykack&ykack ckalM+k uS phj*j csar jk fpd.kkvj irGk Hkkx lwa vkauS cka/;k tkoS vjiku*j vkr jk ekuk lwa m.kjkS Nij Nok;kStkoSA eksVk yksx ctj daokM+ka jh esMÓkac.kok;*j ydM+h jk dsbZ rjS jk ckjhd dkejk xks[kM+k c.kokoSA esokM+h [;kyka esa Hkhjk.khth lk: ckal&cY;ka jkS caxykS R;kjdjÓkS tkoS] ft.k eka; lwa Vsjk nsork Fkdk

jk.khth uhpS mrjSA rqjkZdyaxh [;kyka esavêkyhuqeks vkyhlku eap c.kk;kS tkoSA eapekFkS chl&chl QqV rkabZ Åaph vêfydkckaèkS T;kauS jax&fcjaxh Qfj;ka] dksj fdukj~;kavj diM+k&yÙkka lwa fl.kxkjh tkoSA vkavêkfydka uS >jks[kk vFkok EgSy Hkh dSoSAjk.kh ik= v.kh vêkfydkoka c.kkbZ tkoSA

fp=dykfp=dykfp=dykfp=dykfp=dykfp=dyk esa [kkl rkSj lwa Hkhark ijyk

fp=ka jkS ?k.kkS egÙo gSA lclwa ?k.kk fprjkeC;ko&'kkfn;ka ij ekaM~;k tkoSA vka fp=ka esarksj.k}kjs gkFkh] ?kksM+k] ÅaB] NM+hnkj] paoj<ksGrh vj vkjrh djrh yqxk;ka] ?kj esaHkharka ij fyNehth] x.kslth] irax mMkorkSFkdkS NksjkS] HkkStkbZ jS Mkok ix jkS dkaVkSdkMrkS FkdkS nsoj] ?kêh QsjrkS FkdkS O;kbZvj ewlG pykorh O;k.k] eqxnj ?kqekorkSiSyoku] ik.kh esa Ugkorh xksfi;ka vj m.kka jkxkHkk pqjkof.k;k ckaljh ctkork fdluthtL;ka jkS tk.kS desjkS meM+ iM+SA b.k fp=ikaMm iwrh Hkharka ij ukjsG jh dkpY;ka ;kxk;ka jk ljkokGÓk esa Hkkar&Hkkar jk jaxR;kj dj [ktwj jh MkGh jh dwaph lwa dksjÓktkoSA jaxka esa jpdk uS ihl*j yhykS] gGnhesa uhacw Ugk[k*j jkrkS] MkMe jk Nksarjka uSmdkG*j ihGkS] ghjkdlh vj dktG lwadkGkS] FkiM+Ók esa MkMe jks Nksarjk HksGk vjewaxh;kS jax R;kj djÓkS tkoSA vS jax bL;kiDdk vj xSjk gksoS dS dsbZ cjlka rd uharkS Hkharka lwa ÅrjS vj uk exlk iM+SA vcSrkS dsbZ jax vj dsbZ czq'k lc c.kkof.k;kfey tkoS] b.kh okLrS fprkjS ¼fp=dkj½ uSfd.kh ckr jh ekFkkQksM+h uha dj.kh iM+SA

ewfrZdykewfrZdykewfrZdykewfrZdykewfrZdykyksd dykdkj ewfrZ;ka c.kkoka esa cMks

47

prj gksoSA ydM+h] iRFkj] ekVh vj /kkrqokajh dsbZ rjS jh nsoh&nsork vj nwtk thoka jhewfrZ;ka vj [ksy&f[kyks.kk ?k.kkbZ eu yqHkko.kkykxSA vka esa ekVh jh ewfrZ;ka jh dyk ?k.khljko.k tksx gSA dkGkxksjk lwa yxk;*jrk[kkth] èkijeikt] ykykaQwyka] vketekrk]jackjhnso] ukjafl?kh [kkdy] lkaMekrk][ksrjikG] ihiGkt] dwdM+kekrk vj dkGdkekrk jh fgaxk.kk xkao&xkaoka jS nsojk&nsojkesa Fkjih tkoSA dsbZ yksx nsoh&nsorkoka jkukao c.kk*j vkijS xGk esa cka/kSA

ekaM.kkekaM.kkekaM.kkekaM.kkekaM.kkvkax.kS ij ftdk fprjke ekaMÓk tkoS oS

ekaaM.kk dghtSA ekaM.kk ekaMok iSyh vkax.kkuS xkscj&ihGh lwa yhaih&pwaih uS lkQ&lqFkjhc.kk;yS iNS vkèkk lw[;k vj vkèkk vkykvkax.kk ij yqxk;ka :bZ jk Qks;k uS ikaMw jSik.kh esa cksy uS vki.kh nsoG iwt.kh vkaxGhlwa ewaMS cksyrk ekaM.kk ekaMSA dksbZ okj&fraokjgqokS] ekaM.kk rkS vol djuS eaMhtSykA fcxjekaM.kk vkax.kkS HkwaMkS ykxS vj [kkok uSnkSM+SA vka ekaM.kka esa nhokGh ekFkS lksGknhok] pksd] cht.kh] iku] Mkdk] ixY;k]Qwy] ghM] rkdM+h] lkaBk] ikoMh lkR;k] jFk]tGsch] eqjdh uS xk;ka jk [kqj] gksGh jk pax][kkaMk] ?ksoj] <ksydh uS daoG jkS Qwy] rhT;kax.kxksjÓka ij pkSiM+] xkSj jks cslj uS xq.kka]ekaMk&lknh ij lhrGk ekrk] xGhpkS vjQwyM+Óka vj C;ko iNS iSyhiksj] ykMh tnvki.kk ih;j lwa lkljS vkoS rks oha fnu HkhlqHk ldwu jk pkSd] QG] lkR;k vj vakjSvktw&cktw ukuk&ukuk nhok] dqyM+Óka] >kM+]okVdk] phMk&pjdyk uS tGsC;ka ekaMh tkoSAdSor esa dSoS dS daoG lwa T;wa ik.kh jh] Qwylwa T;wa èkj.kh jh vj cjkR;ka lwa T;wa C;ko jhlksHkk OgS T;wa bZ ekaM.kka lwa ?kj&vkax.k jhlksHkk vj lqokx fx.;kS tkoSA

FkkikFkkikFkkikFkkikFkkikgkFk jh vkaxGÓka jkS FkkikS nsbZuS mijS tks

fp= dksjÓk tkoS okauS Fkkik dSoSA vS Fkkikdadw] dktG] gjn] fganwj] xs: vj vsi.k lwac.kk;k tkoSA yqxk;ka m.kka Fkkik uS dksjuSvkijk ojr iwjk djSA djok pkSFk] pwjek pkSFk]jk[kh] ukxikape] lhrGk lkre] gksbZ vkBe]nh;kM+h ue] x.kxkSj vj nlk ekrk ij rjS&rjSjk Fkkik dksj uS ojr dFkkoka dghtSA ljnk jSiwjS i[kokM+S NksjÓka vki.kk ckj.kka ekFkS jkSnhokj vFkok gMeph jh xksjh Åij xkscj lwafur gesl uqaoh&uqaoh laT;k dksjs vj cUusdusj] dksykS] gtkjh uS NksjÓka xqy jS Qwykalwa fl.kxkjSA vsde lwa vsdrkgjk lwa l:gq;uS bZ lT;k nle rkabZ ikao&iNsVk]pkan&lwjt] okanjokG] pkSiM+] cht.kh] frckjh]tusÅ] fulj.kh] o;kVdk] [ktwj] eksj] NkcM+hvj ia[kh jS Hkkar jh laT;k ekaMSA X;kjl uSlaT;k jks eksVks dksV xkGÓks tkoS tha esalaT;k jh cjkr vj uhpS tkMh tksèkk] ikrGhisek] xqtjk.kh] <ksyh] Hkaxh vj mans ekFkSyVdrks Fkdks [kkifj;kS pksj ekaMÓks tkoSA

iM+dGkiM+dGkiM+dGkiM+dGkiM+dGkdiM+k Åij fprjke ekaMok jh vBkjh

Hkh txtkfgj gSA yksd tho.k esa ts lwjohjvki.kk usdh jS dke lwa nsoG jS :i esaFkjihtX;k o.kk jh tho.k yhyk dkiM+k ekFkSekaMh tkoSA vka nsoka esa ikcwth] nsoukjk;.kth]jkensoth uS jke&fyNe.k eq[; gSA diM+kjk bZt fprjke iMfprj dghtSA lkgiqjk&HkhyokM+k jk tkslh yksx bZ iMka c.kkoS vjvka iMka jk Hkksik xkaek&xkaek xhr xkrk vjukp jh laxr lwa jkr&jkr Hkj txSjkS djuSvka esa dksjÓk eqtc vsd&vsd fp= jksmyFkko.kh djSA yksxka uS foLokl gS dS iM+capk;ka iNS dksbZ Hkh fijk.kh ekan ekSr jkSfldkj uha gqoSA vS iM+ka ipkl&ipkl gkFkrkabZ ykach OgSA diM+k ij iNok;ka dksjok jkS

48

Hkh vBS tksjnkj dke gSA vS iNok;ka oS".kofeanjka esa Hkxoku jh ewjr fiNkM+h yxkbZtkoSA iNok;ka o.kkoka esa ukFk}kjk jk dkjhxjkajh dksbZ gksM uha djh ldSA

xwn.kka&eSanhxwn.kka&eSanhxwn.kka&eSanhxwn.kka&eSanhxwn.kka&eSanhljhj Åijyk ekaM.kk esa xwn.kka vj eSanh

ekaM.kk [kkle[kkl gSA vkneh jS ejÓka iNSoha jS lkxS dksbZ /ku&laink uha tkoSA vL;kSfoLokl gS dS xwn.kk vj eSanh bZt oha jSlkxS tkoSA vkS bZt dkj.k gS dS gj vkfnoklhyqxkbZ vki.kk ljhj ij rjS&rjS jk xwn.kkaxwnko.kkS vki.kkS iSykS èku&èkje le>SA xwn.kkavj eSanh nksbZ lqokx jk fp= gSA pkoS dksbZokj&fraokj vj eaxG vksNc OgkS] yqxk;kaeSanh jk gkFk vol jpkoSA eSanh jk xhr HkhdsbZ vj Hkkarka Hkh dsbZ Hkkar&Hkkar jh eSanh vjHkkar&Hkkar jk xhrA pkoS xjhc ?kjk.kk jh OgkSpkoS vehj ?kjk.kk jh] eSanh lc jS bZ fgoM+kjh gkalt dghtSA eSanh gkFkka jh dGkbZ lways;*j ixka jh ihaMÓka rd nso.k jkS fjoktgSA b.kjh Hkkarka esa eksjdykl] NSyHkaoj jhHkkar] pkSdM+h pVkbZ] lksikjh] vksNkM] xq.kk]Qh.;k&Qwy] pwanM+h] dsjh jkS >kM+] HkejkS?ksoj] pax] dqaHkdGl] #i;k Hkkar] cktksV]rkjk] irklk] cht.kh uS eSanh jkS >kM+ lckalwa T;knk ljk;kS vj ekaMÓkS tkoSA

dk"B&dykdk"B&dykdk"B&dykdk"B&dykdk"B&dykydM+h jh c.kh phtka ijyh dkjhxjh Hkh

ns[krka bZ c.kSA Hkkar&Hkkar jh iwrGÓka lwaysbZuS x.kxkSj] bZlj] rksj.k] cktksV] dkoM+]fgaxGkV] <ksfy;k] yaxqjÓk] nsoh&nsork]pkSiM+ka] [kkaMk] nsonkL;ka] osok.k] eq[kkSVk]tarjcktk] dBiwrGÓka uS xhxyk jk xkMkS]?kksM+k dksjÓk&fprjÓk vL;k ykxS tk.kS vkauSc.kkok okGkS rkS dksbZ Hkxoku jh njxk jkSbZt vkneh OgS ldSA

Hkkar&Hkkarhyh dykokaHkkar&Hkkarhyh dykokaHkkar&Hkkarhyh dykokaHkkar&Hkkarhyh dykokaHkkar&Hkkarhyh dykokagksGh ekFkS NksjÓka gksGh ekrk jS [kkrj

xkscj jk oM+Y;k vj pwM+h] j[kM+h] usojÓka]

V.kdk re.;k] gFkiku] fla?kkM+k] dkiMk]lksikjh] dkaxlh] thHk uS ukjsG jS :i esaxS.kyk c.kk*j vkajh ekGk dj gksGh uS iSjkoSvj xhr xksBka djSA ldjkar uS Hkh rjS&rjSjk ldjkarM+k c.kk;k tkoSA yqxk;ka xkscjys*j vki.kh pwM+Ók&chaVÓka jk fulka.k ikM+SAnksbZ gkFkka jh eqfB;ka HksGh dj xk;] cGnvj Nkjh jk [kqj ekaM] vaxksBk lwa lkR;k]iku uS ckjhd&ckjhd Fkkik c.kkoS vj vkalcuS iwT;ka iNSbZ ?kjfyNE;ka vi.kkS ojr[kksySA jaX;Fkdk pkaoGka jk Hkh feanjka esarjS&rjS jk pkSd iwjÓk tkoSA dsbZ tkR;ka esafeu[k jS ejÓka iNS la[kk<kG esa pkaoGk jkSoSdqaB] jkens jk ixY;k] dkGk&xksjk HkS:a]:ikans] rksGkans] lqxuk] MkGh] gM+eku] vacko]rjlqG uS oklx c.kk;k tkoSA fnu Hkj dkedjÓka iNS jkr uS lqok uS [kkV jkS vkljkS ys.kkSiM+SA i.k vk okr dnh lksph dS [kkV jhcq.kkoV Hkh vsd Åaph dGk gSA eSanh vjekaM.kka jh rjS lwa [kkV Hkh ysfj;k] pkSiM+] Mkck]iqrGh pkSdM+h] tlh Hkkarka esa cq.kh tkoSA vsdHkkar csotks rks vrjh ckjhd OgS dS v.kh ijtokj jk nk.kk c[ksj nks rksbZ vsd nk.kh uhpSuha iM+ ldSA dsbZ cMkcw<ka jh tcku lwa vkckr Hkh lq.kok uS feyS dS vsd lkai jh vdjrhjh cq.kkbZ Hkh OgSA vlh cq.kkbZ jh [kkV ÅijdnSbZ lkai uha p<SA feBk;ka esa Hkh yksddykokajk dsbZ :i ns[;k tk; ldSA yksddykoka jkSvkS ilkj rjS&rjS jh èkkrqoka vj gkFkh nkar jhc.kh phtka] jaxkbZ] NikbZ] flykbZ] lyek&flrkjk] xksVk&fdukjh vkfn lSdM+ka :ika esans[k.k uS feGSA vka dykoka jS fiNkM+h vki.khlaLÑfr jkS yackS bfrgkl tqM+ÓkS gSA ifjokj]lekt vj nsl jk lxGk èkje&dje]jS.k&lS.k] [kka.k&ika.k] jkx&jax vj tho.kjk dsbZ vkn'kZ vka dykoka esa ?k.kh prjkbZ vjckjhdh lwa dksjhtX;k gSA vS dykoka nsl jhHkkoukRed vsdrk vj lq[k lefjèk jh lkaphlk[k nsoS gSA

zz

49

vc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFk:M+kS¾:ikGkS] lqugjkSA pkSxVk¾pkS[kV] eq[kkSVkA l.kxkjh¾Ük`axkfjrA fprjke¾fp=Aeqxnj¾?kksVkS] iSyokuh lk:A xks[kM+k¾xok{kA daokM+¾fdaokM+] vkMkS] njoktkSA xkck¾diM+k]oL=A fprkjkS¾fp=dkjA FkjI;ksM+h¾Fkkfir] FkkI;ksM+hA yhaih&pwaih uS¾yhi.kkS&iksr.kkSA daoGjkS Qwy¾dey jkS iq"iA dSor¾dgkorA frckjh¾?kj esa rhu ckj.kk jh [kqyh lkGAvksNc¾mRloA lkR;k¾lkf[k;kA lqokx¾lqgkxA laT;k¾flaÖ;k] vkFk.kA ljkn¾Jk)A


fodGikÅ i³wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ i³wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ i³wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ i³wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ i³wÙkj okGk loky1- jktLFkku uS jaxjst dSo.k lwa b.k iznsl jh dkabZ folslrk ijxV gksoS \

¼v½ lwjka vj larka jkS nslA ¼c½ ine.kh fL=;ka jkS nslA¼l½ jaxjstka jh cLrh jkS nslA ¼n½ Hkkar&Hkkar jh yksddykoka jkS nslA

¼ ½

2- ^tdk lwjohj vki.kk usdh jS dke lwa nsoG jS :i esa FkjihtX;k] okajh tho.k&yhyk diM+k ekFkS ekaMh tkoS* b.k dyk uS dkabZ dSoS \

¼v½ iM+A ¼c½ FkkikA¼l½ ekaM.kkA ¼n½ xwn.kkaA

¼ ½

3- ^nksbZ lqokx jk fp= gSA* vS nks fp= fdlk gS \¼v½ eSanh vj FkkikA ¼c½ ekaM.kk vj iM+A¼l½ ekaM.kk vj iM+A ¼n½ xwn.kka vj eSanhA

¼ ½

4- yksddykoka esa ^Fkkik* ekaM.kS lwa vk'k; gS&¼v½ xkscj Fkki.kS lwaA ¼c½ gkFk jh vkaxGÓka jkS FkkikS ekaM.kkSA¼l½ ekaM.kk ekaM.k okGh uS Fkkih nso.khA ¼n½ Fkkih lwa vkax.kkS teko.kkSA

¼ ½5- vkfnoklh yqxk;ka vkijkS iSykS èkje le>S&

¼v½ gjSd fraokj ij ojr jk[k.kkSA ¼c½ 'kjhj ij xwn.kka xqnko.kkSA¼l½ gkFkka esa eSanh jpko.kkSA ¼n½ xSa.kk&xkaBk èkkj.k dj.kkSA

¼ ½lko NksVk i³wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk i³wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk i³wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk i³wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk i³wÙkj okGk loky1- yksddykoka jS ikNS fd.k rjS jkS Hkko tqM+ÓksM+kS gS\2- gGnh esa uhacw feyk;uS fdlkS jax c.kkbZtS\3- gksGh ekFkS NksjÓka fd.kjh ekGk c.kk; uS gksGh ekrk uS iSjkoS\4- MkW- egsUæ Hkkukor jh fy[;ksM+h fd.kh nks iksF;ka jk ukao crkokSA

50

NksVk i³wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk i³wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk i³wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk i³wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk i³wÙkj okGk loky1- ^iM+* dq.k ckapS vj fda;ka ckaphtS\2- ekaM.kk ekaM.k lwa iSyka yqxk;ka uS dkabZ&dkabZ dj.kkS iM+S\3- rht&fraokj ekFkS fd.k Hkkar jk ekaM.kk ekaM.k jkS fjokt gS\4- uhpS fy[;ksM+k lcnka jk rRle :i fy[kkS&

lkR;k] lqokx] ljkn] laT;k] ?kjfyNeh5- b.k ikB esa NI;ksM+h fd.kh ikap yksddykoka jk ukao fy[kkSA

ys[k:i i³wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i i³wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i i³wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i i³wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i i³wÙkj okGk loky1- ^^nsl jh HkkoukRed vsdrk vj yksddyk** fol; ekFkS lkS lcnka esa vsd ys[k fy[kkSA2- xwn.kka vj eSanh ekaM.k jh yksddyk uS foxrokj le>koksA3- jktLFkku esa fHkfÙk&fp= mdsj.k jh ywaBh ijaijk jS;h gSA b.k dyk jh [kkfl;rka foxrokj

lwa mtkxj djkSA4- ^^yksddyk jh nhB lwa jktLFkku ?k.kkS :M+kS&jaxhykS gSA** [kqyklkS djkSA5- uhspS fnjhth vksfG;ka jh ijlaxkÅ O;k[;k djkS&¼v½ vkax.kS ij ftdk fprjke ekaMÓk tkoS oS ekaaM.kk dghtSA ekaM.kk ekaMok iSyh vkax.kk

uS xkscj&ihGh lwa yhaih&pwaih uS lkilwi c.kk;yS iNS vkèkk lw[;k vj vkèkk vkyk vkax.kkij yqxk;ka :bZ jk Qks;k uS ikaMw jS ik.kh esa cksy uS vki.kh nsoG iwt.kh vkaxGh lwa ewaMScksyrk ekaM.kk ekaMSA

¼c½ ydM+h jh c.kh phtka ijyh dkjhxjh Hkh ns[krka bZ c.kSA Hkkar&Hkkar jh iwrGÓka lwa ysbZuSx.kxkSj] bZlj] rksj.k] cktksV] dkoM+] fgaxGkV] <ksfy;k] yaxqjÓk] nsoh&nsork] pkSiM+ka][kkaMk] nsonkL;ka] osok.k] eq[kkSVk] tarjcktk] dBiwrGÓka uS xhxyk jk xkMksfy;k] ?kksM+kdksjÓk fprjÓk vL;k ykxS tk.kS vkauS c.kkok okGkS rkS dksbZ Hkxoku jh njxk jkS bZtvkneh OgS ldSA

51


i;kZoj.k jk ikxksfFk;ki;kZoj.k jk ikxksfFk;ki;kZoj.k jk ikxksfFk;ki;kZoj.k jk ikxksfFk;ki;kZoj.k jk ikxksfFk;k

MkW- Ñ".kyky fc'uksbZMkW- Ñ".kyky fc'uksbZMkW- Ñ".kyky fc'uksbZMkW- Ñ".kyky fc'uksbZMkW- Ñ".kyky fc'uksbZ

fucU/kdkj&ifjpSfucU/kdkj&ifjpSfucU/kdkj&ifjpSfucU/kdkj&ifjpSfucU/kdkj&ifjpSvcwc'kgj] fljlk ¼gfj;k.kk½ esa tueA vse- vs- ¼bfrgkl½] ihvsp-Mh-] ih- th-]

fMIyksek bu tuZfyTe] vsyvsy- ch- rkabZ f'k{kkA ukfFk;S jk lksjBk] rhrj ia[kh cknGh]jktLFkkuh jkek;.k] foyksth dh ok.kh] fo'uksbZ larksa ds gjtl] dfo xax ds dfoÙk] iap'krhLekfjdk] xq# tkaHkksth ,oe~ fo'uksbZ iaFk dk bfrgkl] egkRek lqjtuth ds gjtl vknNI;ksM+h iksF;kaA izkphu gLrfyf[kr xzaFk] f'kykys[k] iêk&ijok.kk i<.k esa egkjFk gklyA^rhrj ia[kh cknGh* iksFkh ekFkS jktLFkkuh Hkk"kk] lkfgR; ,oa laLÑfr vdkneh] chdkusj jkS^iSyh iksFkh iqjLdkj*A jktLFkku izkP;fo|k izfr"Bku esa ofj"B lksèk vfèkdkjh vj izHkkjh inlwa lsokfuo`ÙkA

ikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpStaHks'oj egkjkt dS;kS gS&

vkdkl] ok;q] rst] ty] èkj.khArkesa ldy flLVh jh dj.khAA

eryc dS vka ikap rÙoka jS tksx lwa bZ lxGh lzfLV c.kh bSA vBS rst jkS vjFkvxuh gSA vk ckr fclokchl bZ lgh gSA fiaMS lks bZ fcjeaMSA* vka ikapwa rÙoka jS esG lwafcjekaM c.;kS gSA vka rÙoka eka; ?kkV&ckèk gqorka bZ lzfLV jkS larqyu fcxM+ tkoS] vBhuSdk;k rkS dkph ekVh jkS dqaHk gS] lks b.k ?kkV&ckèk lwa lzfLV esa nksl okijSA okS nksl ghNsoV fo.kkl jkS dkj.k c.kSA lzfLV jS b.k nksl lwa nwflr gqo.kkS bZ iznwl.k gSA lzfLV jkSlgh larqyu bZ i;kZoj.k jkS lq) :i gSA c.kjk; uS c.kkbZ jk[k.kh bZ i;kZoj.k jh lq)rkgSA MkW- Ñ".kyky fc'uksbZ vkijS fucaèk ^i;kZoj.k jk ikxksfFk;k* esa i;kZoj.k jh la{ksivksG[kk.k djkorka Fkdka i;kZoj.k jh #[kkGh lk: taHks'oj egkjkt jh lh[k mtkxj djhgS vj lkFkS gh b.k ?k.k egrkÅ ;K eka; fc'uksbZ lekt jS vuqie ;ksxnku jh tk.kdkjhdjokbZ gSA vkt oU;&tho vj c.kjk; nksuwa fc[kS eka; gSA vSM+h fc[keh osGk eka;fo|kfFkZ;ka lk: ljy vj lgt Hkklk eka; b.k Hkkar jh vtjh&vksirh vksG[kk.k jh iwjhnjdkj gSA

52

i;kZoj.k lcn vki.kS P;k:aesj jS okrkoj.kjkS tho.k lwa larqyu c.kk;kS jk[k.k jS dkauhladsr djSA izÑfr jk ikap rÙo gS& iou]ik.kh] vkHkkS] vkx vj ekVhA vka ikap rÙokalwa feu[k jh dk;k c.kSA vka rÙoka jh?kVr&c<r lwa i;kZoj.k eka; fcxkM+ vkoSvj vkS fcxkM+ feu[kka] ia[ks#vka vjtho&ftukojka jS tho.k eka; fcxkM+ ykoSAvka rÙoka jS cjkcjh jS tksx lwa lq) izkÑfrdi;kZoj.k jkS fuekZ.k gqoSA lq) i;kZoj.k c.kk;kSjk[k.k lk: vki.kk lar&egkRek] fjlh&eqfu;kavj cw<k&cMsjka vkika uS ?k.kh&?k.kh ckrkacrkbZ] ft.kka jkS vki.kS tho.k eka; ?k.kkSeSro gSA eksVS :i lwa i;kZoj.k rhu rjka jkSekU;kS x;kS gS& van:.kh] ckgjh vj lkekftdAvki.kS vBS lrtqx eka; ^dGi&fcjN* vj^dkeèksuq* jkS mYys[k feGSA vS nksuwa bZ feu[kjh lSa dkeukoka iwj.k djf.k;k ekU;k tkorkAft.k rjka vkt jS leS feu[k uS jksVh] diM+Svj edku jh t:jr gS vj vkajh iwjrh vsdSlkxS fcjN dj ldS rkS okS fcjN dyifcjN bZt rkS gSA fn[k.kknS Hkkjr eka; vktbZ yksx ukjsG jS fcjN uS dGi&fcjN ekuSokS vsdS lkFkS okauS nwèk] ik.kh] xkHkkS&yÙkkS]>waik&>waiM+h] vkgkj&fogkj nsoSA e#FkG eka;yksx [kstM+h jS :a[k uS dGi&fcjN ekuS[kstM+h jh fNa;ka lk: yksxka vkijk ekFkk bZdVk uka[;kA b.kh rjka dkeèksuq* nwèk nso.kvkGh ilqoka jh tkfr jkS ladsr djSA feu[kjS tho.k eka; :a[kka vj nqèkk: ilqoka jkSegrkÅ ;ksx jS;kSA

i;kZoj.k jkS vjFk Hkksr cMkS gSA vkib.kuS gj leS eSlwl dj ldkSA iou&ik.kh]tho&ftukoj] isM+&ikSèkk vkn lS tho vj

i;kZoj.k jk ikxksfFk;ki;kZoj.k jk ikxksfFk;ki;kZoj.k jk ikxksfFk;ki;kZoj.k jk ikxksfFk;ki;kZoj.k jk ikxksfFk;k

fujtho feG*j i;kZoj.k c.kkoSA i;kZoj.keka; èkjrh jh lS HkkSfrd] jklk;fud vjtSfod voLFkkoka 'kkfey gSA b.kuStho&foX;ku] HkkSfrd&foX;ku] jlk;u&foX;ku] Hkw&foX;ku] lekt&lkL=] ekuo&lkL= vj bfrgkl lwa le>Óks tk; ldSAvkika chtk lcnka eka; dS; ldka gka dSft.k okrkoj.k eka; vkika jSoka gka] ft.kekVh eka; [ksyka gk] ft.k iou eka; lkalysoka gka vj tBS jkS ik.kh ihoka gka] izÑfr jSvka dkeka jkS ukao bZt rkS i;kZoj.k gSA

i;kZoj.k eka; oS lS ckrka vkoS tdhlthoka lwa U;kjh gS vj tdh fd.kh u fd.kh:i eka; :a[kka jS tho.k ekFkS vlj Ugka[kSAokrkoj.k jS thorS Hkkx eka; feu[k vjc.kjk; gS vj v.kthorS eka; iou] ik.kh]izdk'k] rki vj ekVh lkey gSA vka dkjdkaeka; vlqaryu gkso.k lwa i;kZoj.k jS laj{k.kjkS [krjkS iSnk gks;X;kS gSA

feu[kka uS vkgkj&ik.kh ekVh eka; ÅX;kgfj;k :a[kka lwa feGSA vS ikSèkk lwjt jhfdj.kka uS jklk;fud fØ;k lwa izdkl eka;cnGSA feu[k tdkS lkal ysoS okS b.kh :a[kkajh NksMÓksM+h vkWDlhtu gSA b.k rjka isM+&ikSèkk]tho&tarq i;kZoj.k jk tSfod rÙo gS vj vSikfjfLFkfrdh ;a=Louk djSA b.k rjka lxGktho&tarq fijFkoh jS izkÑfrd lzksrka ekFkSfuHkZj gSA i;kZoj.k jS fd.kh rÙo esa fd.khHkkar jkS [krjkS gS rkS okS [krjkS gS feu[k uSvkijS tho.k jkSA

Hkkstu jS fcuk feu[k dsbZ fnu th ldS]ik.kh jS fcuk Hkh m.kjh lkalka dha leS pkyldS] i.k iou jS fcuk feu[k vsd feuV bZuha th ldSA feu[k iou eka; lkal ysoS]

53

tG ihoS vj vk[kj ekVh eka; feG tkoSAekVh lwa lxGka uS Hkkstu feySA ekVh jhmoZjrk b.k eka; feG.k okGk dksfV&dksfVv.kns[;k thoka lwa gS] tdk ekVh jS c.kko.kvj m.kjh moZjrk cèkko.k esa gkFk cVkoSA tsvS tho uha gksork rkS èkjrh catj gksorh vjQlyka Hkh uha gksorhA

Hkkjr jh laLÑfr ouka jh laLÑfr gSAb.klwa vki.kS bfr;kl] njl.k vj ijaijk jkStye gks;ksA cMk lar&egkRek] fjlh&eqfu]rilh vj tfr&tksxslj ouka eka; bZ jS;kA oSvkijkS X;ku vBka bZ fy;kS vj Hkkjr jS tu&x.kuS izHkkfor djÓkSA vki.kka twuk xzaFk& osn]mifu"kn~] jkek;.k] egkHkkjr vkn vka oukaeka; jphT;k ft.kka eka; X;ku] njl.k vjfoX;ku gSA

fo".kq&iqjk.k eka; vsd dFkk gS] ft.klwairkS pkyS dS jktk osu jS vR;kpkjka lwa raxvk;*j fjfl;ka m.kuS ekj uka[;kSA m.kjS'kjhj lwa fijFkq jkS tye gks;kSA fijFkq uSjkt feyrka bZ dkG iM+ÓkSA fijFkoh vUunso.kkS can dj fn;kSA fijFkq fijFkoh uS ekj.kpkY;kSA fijFkoh vUu nso.kks l: dj fn;ksvj vkijS nwèk lwa ouLifr;ka uS lhaphA b.kdkj.k bZ fijFkoh jkS vsd ukao 'kkdaHkjh gSAfijFkoh jh iwtk lwa Hkkjr nsoh jh iwtk l:gqbZA flaèkq ?kkVh jh lH;rk jS leS jh vsdeqæk feyh gS] ft.kesa yqxkbZ jS xjHk lwa vsdÅxrS :a[k jkS fprjke gSA b.klwa irkS pkySdS fijFkoh cujk; jh nsoh gSA

HkkLdj xwá lw= eka; lhrk jkS mYys[kdjl.k jh nsoh jS :i eka; gks;kS gS vj jkejkS mYys[k vsd fdlku jS :i eka; gGtksrrka gks;kS gSA b.klwa vkS irkS pkyS dS vkikajk nsoh&nsork cujk; uS fdÙkkS I;kj djrkgkA

fcjt jk yksx iSyk banj jh iwtk djrkgkA fØl.k cBS xksoèkZu jh iwtk l: djhA

oS xks&èku uS eSro fn;kSA [ksrka lwa vkxS ougS vj ouka lwa vkxS Hkk[kjA Egkjh xfrHkk[kjka rkabZ gSA

Hkxoku jke jkS ouokl txpkokS gS]tdks oS iapoVh ou eka; dkVÓkSA HkxokufØl.k ou eka; xk;ka pjkbZA ikaMoka vkijkSvKkrokl ouka eka; dkVÓkSA xkSre cq) vjegkohj Lokeh uS X;ku ouka jS :a[kka gsBS bZfeY;kSA :a[kka jS fcuk vS lxGh ckrka iwjh uhagks; ldSA vkS bZt dkj.k gS dS fd.kh ckruS ts èkje lwa tksM+ fn;kS tkoS rkS ok ?k.khvljnkj c.kSA b.kh dkj.k iqjk.kka yksxka:a[kka uS èkje jkS vsd vax c.kk;kS vj okajhiwtk l: djhA :a[kka uS laj{k.k fn;kSA b.khdkj.k vBS jk yksx ihaiG] cM+] [kstM+h]rqGlh vkn jh iwtk djS vj okauS dkV.kkSiki le>SA :a[k vkjksX; jh vks[kn gS] èkjrhjkS èk.kh gS] xq.kka jkS xqM+ gS vj feu[k jkSeku gSA jktLFkku eka; cM+ jS :a[k eka;oklqnso] ihaiG eka; fo".kq vj vkdM+S eka;egknso jkS oklkS ekU;kS gSA vBS jh yqxk;kaihaiG iwtrh xkoS&ihaiG iwt.k EgSa xbZ dqG vki.kS jh yktAihaiG iwT;ka gj feY;kS] vsd iaFk nks dktAA

Hkkjr eka; unh&ukGk vj Hkk[kjka ekFkSc.;ksM+k] rhjFk] eafnj vè;kRe vj laLÑfrjk dsanz vj HkkSxksfyd psruk jk okgd gSAtG jkr&fnu cSoSA okS dk;k eka; izk.k?kkyS] ekVh lwa feG*j ouLifr;ka uS mxkoSAoka lwa vUu feGSA cBSbZ ilqoka lwa nwèk feGS]nwèk lwa [kwu c.kS] [kwu lwa tho.k pkySAfeu[k uS cG feGSA iSyka jh VSe xkaoka eka;ilqoka jS pj.k [kkrj dha teha [kkyh NksMrk]ft.k ekFkS [ksrh uha [kM+h tkorh] vSM+h tehauS xkspj Hkwfe dSork vj tdh tehansoh&nsorkoka jS ukao NksMrk m.kuS vksj.kdSorkA vksj.k eka; fd.kh Hkkar jS :a[k uSdkV.k jh eukbZ gksorhA jktLFkku eka; ikcwth

54

jh vksj.k] dj.khth jh vksj.k] tkaHkSth jhvksj.k pkoh gSA b.k rjka taxGka uS vcksVjk[k.k jkS vkS vsd menk rjhdkS gkSA b.klwailq&iaf[k;ka uS vkljkS feGrkS vj feu[kka uSQG&Qwy feGrkA

v'kksd lezkV ilqoka jS laj{k.k lk:vkijS iSyS vknsl eka; fy[;ks gS dS tkuojkauS ekj.kkS can djÓkS tkoSA b.k eka; ?k.khcqjkbZ gSA oS :a[kka jS laj{k.k lk: vkijSnwtS vknsl eka; fy[;kS gS dS fijFkoh jSlxGS jktkoka uS lM+d jS fdukjS :a[kyxko.kk pkbZtS] dqvka [kksn.kk pkbZtS vjrjdkjh ckso.kh pkbZtSA vsd fo}ku bnjhlbX;kjoha lnh jS ckjS esa fy[;kS gS dS Hkkjreka; ekal [kkrj dksbZ Hkh tkuoj uha ekjÓkstkorkS gkS vj vSM+kS dksbZ cw<kS cSy uha gkStdS uS pkjkS uha feGrkS gkSA

xqtjkr eka; rkS :a[k uS cpko.k lk:m.k ekFkS QkVÓksM+k xkHkk Ugk[k nsaorkA vSM+S:a[k uS oS fpFkfM+;k ekek dSorkA jktLFkkueka; Hkh [kstM+h uS pwuM+h vks<ko.k jkS ÅtGkSèkkjkS gSA Hkk[kj uS laj{k.k nso.k [kkrj vBSHkkBka ij flanwj jkS VhdkS dk< nsoSA i;kZoj.kjS larqyu [kkrj isM+ uha dkV.k jS lkFkS&lkFkSuwaoka isM+ yxko.k esa Hkh yksx #fp jk[krkAe#[ksrj jh fj;klrka jk twuk iksFkh&ikuM+kaeka; vk tk.kdkjh gkfly gqoS dS fdlkuka uSèkksjka okGh èkjrh eka; [ksrh dj.k lk:izksRlkgu fn;kS tkorkSA jkt jh vk eulkjSorh dS djlk ftdk vSM+h èkjrh uS [kM+lhrkS èkksjka jkS QSyko ?kVlhA tksèkiqj vjchdkusj jS jkt eka; rkS gjh [kstM+h uSdkV.k ij jkt dkauh lwa tqjekuS jkS izkoèkkugksA

i;kZoj.k jS bfrgkl eka; 15oha lnh jkSdha [kkl eSro gSA m.k VSe lu~ 1451 eka;

xq# tkaHkksth jkS tye e#Hkkse jS ukxkSjijxuS jS ihiklj xkao eka; yksgVth iaokjjktiwr jS ?kj gks;kSA okajh ekrk jkS ukaogkalknsoh gkSA okauS i;kZoj.k uS lq) jk[k.kjh lh[k vkijS eka&cki lwa bZ feGhA oSckyi.kS esa ekVh jk èkksjka ij jerk] xk;kapjkork vj isM+ yxkorkA b.k rjka oS i;kZoj.klaj{k.k jh vsd eqfge NsM+ nhA lu~ 1485eka; oS fo'uksbZ iaFk jh Fkkiuk djh] ft.kjkxq.krhl /kkjfed fu;e gSA vka fu;eka eka;i;kZoj.k jS laj{k.k jk fu;e b.k Hkkar gS %&fnuwxS fluku dj*j gkse dj.kks] gjÓk :a[kuha dkV.kk vj uha dkV.k nso.kk] thoka ijn;k jk[k.kh vj ekal uha [kko.kkS] Fkk vejjk[k.kh vj cSyka uS cfèk;k uha djoko.kkS]ik.kh vj nwèk uS Nk.k*j yso.kkS vj b±èk.k uS>kM+*j dke esa yso.kkS] ok.kh lkp cksy.khvknA oS dS;kS& ^tho n;k ikG.kh] :a[kyhykS uha ?kkoSA*

xq# tkaHkksth vkijkS iSyks ijpkS jkonwnSth esM+fr;S uS ihiklj jS dqvS duS[kstM+h jS gsBS fn;kSA oS vkijkS iSykS lcngkse djrka vsd cke.k uS dS;kSA oS vkijk?k.kdjk lcn lejkFkG jS èkksjS ekFkS gfjdadsM+h jS isM+ gsBS fn;kA oS dS;kS& ^gfjdadsM+h eaMi eSM+h] rgka gekjk cklkA* oSisM+ dkV.k okGka uS dS;kS& ^lkse vekolvkfnrokjh] dka; dkVh o.kjk;kSA* xq# tkaHkksthfo'uksbZ iaFk jh Fkkiuk Hkh vsd gfj dadsM+h jSisM+ gsBS cSB*j djh ghA tn xq# tkaHkksthukSjaxh jkS Hkkr Hkj.k uS jksVw ¼ukxkSj½ ièkkjÓkrkS oS vsd [kstfM+;ka jkS ckx yxk;kS gkS]tdkS vkt rkabZ gSA lqjthckbZ jS cqykoS ijxq# tkaHkksth tn eqjknkckn ièkkjÓk rn oSvsd [kstM+h jkS isM+ yksnhiqj eka; yxk;kSftdkS vkt Hkh m.kka jh lk[k HkjSA tksèkiqj jS

55

jktk ekynso uS xq# tkaHkksth yksgkoV jStaxG eka; vsd [kstM+h gsBS minsl fn;kSgkSA tn tkaHkksth tSlyesj x;k rn oSjkoG tSrlh lwa nks; opu fy;k& 1- vkijSjkt esa yhyk :a[k uha dkVÓk tkoS] vj 2-vcksyk thoka uS uh ekjÓk tkoSA b.k rjka oStSlyesj jkt eka; :a[kka vj vcksyk ftukojkauS laj{k.k jkS iêkS fnjk;kSA xq# tkaHkksthvkijkS ljhj fexlj cnh uoeh] fola-1593 eka; ykylj jh lkFkjh jS vsd gfjdadsM+h jS isM+ uhpS NksMÓksA vka lxGh ckrkalwa okajkS fcjNka jh [kkrj gsr jkS irkS ykxSA

ts feu[k fgalk uha djlh rkS okS ekaluha [kkoSykSA ekal uha [kko.k lwa lkdkgkj uSc/kkikS feGSA feu[k eka; lkfÙod xq.kka jhc/kksrjh gqoSA tn fgalk uha gqoSyh rn oU;izkf.k;ka uS laj{k.k feGlhA oU; izkf.k;ka jSlaj{k.k lwa izÑfr jS eka; larqyu c.kSykAizÑfr jS eka; larqyu lwa bZ i;kZoj.k jhlqf) gSA vkS ;ksxnku vi.kS vki eka;mYys[ktksx gSA xq# tkaHkksth eqlyeku uStho fgalk uha dj.k jkS minsl nsaork dS;kS&

pfj fQfj vkoS lgft nqgkoS]frgdh [khj gykyhA

frgdS xGS djn D;wa lkjkS]Fks i< xq.k jfg;k [kkyhAA

xq# tkaHkksth jS i;kZoj.k vkanksyu uSfo'uksbZ iaFk jk yksxka vkxS cèkk;kSA oakjS psySohYgksth :a[k yxko.k vj ik.kh Nk.k*jiho.k lk: tksj fn;kSA oka dS;ks& ^^fcjNdkV.k okGS feu[k uS rks ujd eka; HkhtkX;ka uha feGSykA :a[kka jh #[kkGh lk:lS lwa iSyka fola- 1661 eka; nks lxh cSukadjeka vj xksjka vkijk ekFkk dVk;kA b.kckr jkS irkS ohYgksth jh lk[kh ^djeka vjxksjka* lwa pkySA okajh vsd nwth lk[kh^fryokl.kh* lwa irkS pkyS dS fryokl.kh

xkao jh f[ko.kh usrw vj eksVw Hkh vkijkfijk.k fcjNka jh fjNÓk lk: fn;kA b.khrjka fola- 1700 eka; iksykokl ¼esM+rk½xkao jk cwpksth vspjk vkijkS cfGnku :a[kka[kkrj fn;kSA fo'uksb;ka jkS ukjkS gS& ^fljlwaika :a[kka lVS] rkS Hkh lLrkS tk.kA**

fcjNka jh fjNÓk lk: lS lwa cMkS cfGnkulu~ 1730 eka; tksèkiqj jkt jS [kstM+yhdyka xkao eka; gks;kSA m.k VSe tksèkiqj jkSjktk vHk;fla?k gkSA vBS jS fdyS jS fujek.kokLrS pwukS idko.k lk: ydfM+;ka jh t:jrghA vBS jS nhok.k fxjèkj HkaMkjh duS jS xkao[kstM+yh lwa [kstM+h jk :a[k dkV.k jkSvknsl fn;kSA [kstfM+;ka jh fjNÓk lk: 363fo'uksbZ vkijkS cfGnku fn;kS] ft.k eka;feu[k] yqxk;ka vj ckGd Hkh gkA nsl tkfrvj èkje [kkrj rkS ?k.kk lkdk gks;k gS] i.k[kstfM+;ka [kkrj vSM+kS [kM+k.kkS vk[kh nqfu;kaeka; uha gks;kSA vka 363 eka; lS lwa iSykacfGnku bejrk nsoh fn;kSA fo'uksbZ iaFk jkyksx b.kh rjka bZ oU; thoka jh fjNÓk lk:Hkh vkijkS cfGnku nsaork vk;k gSA i;kZoj.kvkanksyu uS vkxS cèkko.k lk: vkt chtkyksx Hkh vkxS vk jS;k gSA oS Hkh vkijkS ekFkkSfcjNka vj oU; izkf.k;ka lk: nso.k uS R;kjgSA vkt jS fpidks vkanksyu* jh tM+ka eka;xq# tkaHkksth jS minslka jkS bZt gkFk gSA

Hkkjr jk ouLifr oSX;kfud txnh'kpaæclq vkS fl) djÓkS dS isM+&ikSèkka eka; Hkhtho gqoSA oS fl;kGkS&mUgkGkS tk.kSA i.kvk ckr fo'uksbZ iaFk jh Fkkiuk dj.k okGkxq# tkaHkksth 15oha lrkCnh eka; crk;nh ghAb.k ckr lwa vkS irkS pkyS gS dS xq# tkaHkksthiSyk i;kZoj.k feu[k gkA Hkkjr jS lafoèkku jSewG vfèkdkjka vj drZO;ka eka; i;kZoj.k jSlaj{k.k vj laoèkZu jkS] ou vj oU; izkf.k;kajh fjNÓk jkS izpkj djSykSA izkÑfrd i;kZoj.k

56

eka; dsbZ ou&>hy&unh vj oU; tho gSAjkt okajh fjNÓk djS] okajkS laoèkZu djS vjizk.kh ek= ij n;k jk[kSA

vkt i;kZoj.k uS ys;*j lxGh nqfu;kfpafrr gSA b.k ekFkS pjpkoka pky jS;h gSAiou] ik.kh vj ekVh iznwflr gks; pqdh gS]i;kZoj.k jS tk.kdkjka jkS dSo.kkS gS dS tsb.k rjka feu[k pkyrkS jS;kS rkS feu[k jkSb.k èkjrh ekFkS lkal yso.kkS nks*jkS gks;tkoSykSA ok;qeaMG eka; dkj[kkuka jS èkqaoS jhtgjhyh xSlka QSyrh tkoS] tG iznwflr

gksorkS tkoS] jklk;fud [kknka ?kky.k lwaèkjrh catj gksorh tkoSA izÑfr lwa feu[k jhvk v.kwarh NsM+[kkuh vkNh dksuhA vktoSX;kfud fpafrr gS dS ok;qeaMG jh vkstksuijr eka; BhaMks gks;X;ks gSA Qs:a vkika uSlwjt jh tSjhyh fdj.kka lwa dq.k cpkoSykS\b.kuS cpko.k okGkS nso gS& i;kZoj.kA i;kZoj.kjk ikxksfFk;k p<*j bZ feu[k izÑfr jS MkxGSp< ldSA ts feu[k izÑfr jkS lgh miHkksxdj.kkS pkoS gS rkS m.kuS lqèk i;kZoj.k jkSfujek.k dj.kkS pkbZtSA

zz

vc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkHkkar¾rjS&rjS] cgqrA leS¾cxr] le;A ?kkoS¾izgkj dj.kkSA [kMk.kkS¾cfGnku jkS mNkoAfcjN&:a[k] isM+A vksj.k¾vj.; ¼ok xkspj Hkwfe ft.k eka; isM+&ikS/kk OgS vj okauS dkVÓk uhatkoSA½A vkHkkS¾vkdklA c.kjk;¾ouLifrA BhaMkS¾NsnA ykt¾bTtrA


fodGikÅ i³wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ i³wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ i³wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ i³wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ i³wÙkj okGk loky1- fcjt jk yksx fØl.k lwa iSyka iwtk djrk gk&

¼v½ fo".kq jh ¼c½ bUnj jh¼l½ 'kadj jh ¼n½ nsoh jh

¼ ½

2- tkuojka uS ekj.kkS can dj.k jkS vknsl tkjh dfj;kS&¼v½ panzxqIr foØekfnR; ¼c½ jktk Hkkst¼l½ g"kZoèkZu ¼n½ lezkV v'kksd

¼ ½

3- gjh [kstM+h dkV.k ij tqjekuS jkS izkoèkku gkS&¼v½ tksèkiqj vj chdkusj jkt esa ¼c½ tSlyesj vj fljksgh jkt esa¼l½ t;iqj vj vyoj jkt esa ¼n½ fd'kux<+ vj tksèkiqj jkt esa

¼ ½

57

4- xq# tkaHkksth fo'uksbZ iaFk jh Fkkiuk djh gh&¼v½ [kstM+h jS :a[k gsBS ¼c½ cksjM+h jS :a[k gsBS¼l½ dadsM+h jS :a[k gsBS ¼n½ ihaiG jS :a[k gsBS

¼ ½5- tksèkiqj jktk jS fd.k nhoku [kstM+yh lwa [kstM+h dkV.k jkS gqde fn;kS&

¼v½ vHk;fla?k ¼c½ fxjèkj HkaMkjh¼l½ bUnzpan fla?koh ¼n½ lokbZflag pkaikor

¼ ½

lko NksVk i³wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk i³wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk i³wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk i³wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk i³wÙkj okGk loky1- xq# tkaHkksth jS ek&cki jk ukao fy[kkSA2- ihiklj eka; fdlk egkRek tyfe;k\3- tkaHkksth jh cxr esM+rk jkS 'kkld dq.k gkS\4- ^vksj.k* jkS rRle :i fy[kkSA5- ^xkspj* fd.k Hkwfe jkS ukao gS\

NksVk i³wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk i³wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk i³wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk i³wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk i³wÙkj okGk loky1- tSlyesj jS jkoG tSrlh uS tkaHkksth fdlk nks; opu ikG.k jkS vknsl fn;kS\2- i;kZoj.k jS larqyu lk: fdlS ikap rÙoka jkS laj{k.k t:jh gS\3- i;kZoj.k ckcr tkaHkksth jk dksbZ nks; egrkÅ fu;eka jk ukao fy[kkSA4- [kstM+h jh #[kkGh lk: tksèkiqj jkt jS fd.k xkao eka; lS lwa iSyh dq.k vkgqrh nhoh\

ys[k:i i³wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i i³wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i i³wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i i³wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i i³wÙkj okGk loky1- i;kZoj.k uS lqèk jk[k.k lk: dkabZ&dkabZ miko gS \2- oU; tho vj o.kjk; jS fo.kkl lwa dkabZ uqdlk.k gqoS \3- [kstfM+;ka jh #[kkGh lk: gq;ksM+k [kkl&[kkl [kM+k.kka jk ukao fy[krka Fkdka fd.kh nks; [kM+k.kk jks oj.kko djkSA4- ^i;kZoj.k jk ikxksfFk;k* fucaèk lwa dkabZ lh[k feGS\ mtkxj djkSA5- uhspS fnjhth vksfG;ka jh ijlaxkÅ O;k[;k djkS&¼v½ Hkkjr jh laLØfr ouka jh laLØfr gSA b.klwa vki.kS bfr;kl] njl.k vj ijaijk jkS tye

gks;ksA cMk lar&egkRek] fjlh&eqfu] rilh vj tfr&tksxslj ouka eka; bZ jS;kA oS vkijkSX;ku vBka bZ fy;kS vj Hkkjr jS tu&x.k uS izHkkfor djÓkSA

¼c½ Hkkjr jk ouLifr oSX;kfud txnh'kpaæ clq vkS fl) djÓkS dS isM+&ikSèkka eka; Hkh thogqoSA oS fl;kGkS&mUgkGkS tk.kSA i.k vk ckr fo'uksbZ iaFk jh Fkkiuk dj.k okGk xq#tkaHkksth 15oka lbZdk eka; crk;nh ghA b.k ckr lwa vkS irkS pkyS gS dS xq# tkaHkksthiSyk i;kZoj.k feu[k gkA

58

vsdkadhvsdkadhvsdkadhvsdkadhvsdkadh

vki.kkS [kkl vknehvki.kkS [kkl vknehvki.kkS [kkl vknehvki.kkS [kkl vknehvki.kkS [kkl vkneh

cStukFk iaokjcStukFk iaokjcStukFk iaokjcStukFk iaokjcStukFk iaokjys[kd&ifjpSys[kd&ifjpSys[kd&ifjpSys[kd&ifjpSys[kd&ifjpScStukFk iaokj jkS tue fola- 1981] lko.k cfn 7 uS jruuxj ¼pw:½ esa gq;kSA vkibaVjehfM,V jh f'k{kk ikl djh vj ^lkfgR; jRu* jh mikf/k yhohA vki egkjk.kk izrkifo|kihB laLFkku] JhMwaxjx<+ jk O;oLFkkid jS;kA vki yxksyx jktLFkkuh vj fgUnh esalkfgR; lk/kuk djrk jS;kA vkijh NI;ksM+h d`fr;ka esa vdy fcuk Å¡V ÅHkk.kkS*] ykMslj*vj uS.kka [kwVÓkS uhj* vj [kqykS pjS] ca/;kS ejS* ¼dgk.kh&laxzS½ [kkl :i lwa fx.kh tk ldSAb.kjS vykok fgUnh jpukoka esa uhao ds iRFkj*] ikjhd tkfr dk laf{kIr bfrgkl* izeq[k gSAvki dsbZ Lekfjdkoka vj if=dkoka jkS bZ laiknu djÓkSA vkijh dsbZ jpukoka jkS izlkj.kvkdk'kok.kh lwa gq;kSA b.k lkfgR;&lk/kuk jS okLrS vkiuS dsbZ iqjLdkj vj lEeku feGÓkA

ikB&ikB&ikB&ikB&ikB&ifjpSifjpSifjpSifjpSifjpS^vki.kkS [kkl vkneh* jktLFkkuh vsdkadh ijEijk jh egrkÅ jpuk gSA b.k vsdkadh esa vktjh iz'kklfud O;oLFkk ekFkS O;aX; djhT;kS gS] tBS gjsd vkneh vkijkS dke d<ko.k jS okLrSU;kjh&U;kjh flQkfjlka djkoS vj yksx flQkfjl djSA flQkfjl jS ncko lwa lgh dke uhagqoS vj xyr vkneh Qk;nkS mBk; ysoSA dke dj.kokGk vQljka vj yksxka jS okLrS dkeuS ikj yxko.kkS ?k.kkS eqfLdy gq; tkoS vj uha pkorka Hkh xyr dke dj.kkS iM+SA b.kvsdkadh esa b.k O;oLFkk jkS njlko rkS gq;kS gS] i.k vsdkadhdkj vk ckr fl) dj.kh pkoS dSts dksbZ fgEer djS rkS b.k O;oLFkk esa lq/kkj gq; ldS vj flQkfjl uha ekU;ka] U;k; feGldS vj lgh vkneh uS U;k; feG ldSA b.k vsdkadh esa gse ckcw duS vsd in jh Hkjrh lk:U;kjk&U;kjk yksxka jh flQkfjl vkoS ft.k esa m.kjh yqxkbZ Hkh gS] i.k okS fgEer fn[kkorkalgh mEehnokj jh Hkjrh djS vj vkijh bZekunkjh uS c.kk;h jk[kSA vsdkadhdkj b.k ckr uSbt fl) dj.kh pkoS dS yksx vkijkS vkRefoLokl c.kk;kS jk[kS vj lkp jkS lkFk nsoS] ft.klwavO;oLFkk uS feVk;h tk ldS gSA

vki.kkS [kkl vknehvki.kkS [kkl vknehvki.kkS [kkl vknehvki.kkS [kkl vknehvki.kkS [kkl vkneh

ik=ik=ik=ik=ik=gse ckcwgse ckcwgse ckcwgse ckcwgse ckcw % dke fnjkÅ eSdeS jk vsd vQljljk stljk stljk stljk stljk st % gse ckcw jh yqxkbZckcwjkeckcwjkeckcwjkeckcwjkeckcwjke % gse ckcw jkS laxfG;kSpk S[kVkuanpkS[kVkuanpkS[kVkuanpkS[kVkuanpkS[kVkuan % vsd usrkjke wjke wjke wjke wjke w % vsd ch-vs- ikl csdkj¼piM+klh] mEesnokj oxSjk½

59

iSykS njlkoiSykS njlkoiSykS njlkoiSykS njlkoiSykS njlko¼lqcS jh VSe gse ckcw vkijS ?kj esa cSBkjsfM;kS lq.kS gSA vsd ilokM+S okajkS vsdVkcj feudh lwa fdyksGka djS gSA nwthdkauh ljkst iksFkh jk ikuM+k mFksGSA bÙkS esaQksu jh ?kaVh cktSA gse ckcw fjlhoj mBk*jdku lwa yxkoSA ½

gse ckcw % gka] gka] EgSa gse ckcw cksywa gwaAdq.k ckcw jke\ vjs HkkbZ] dkabZgky&pky gS\ ----\ ----gka] okSrkS gS bZA cksykS dhdj ;knQjekbZ\ EgkjS yk;d dksbZ lsok&pkdjh gqoS rkS cksykSA ¼lq.k uS½gka] gka] cksy HkkbZ! FkkjkS dkerkS dj.kkS bZ iM+lhA HksGkjfe;ksM+k yaxksfV;k ;kj gkaA gaga ga ¼galS iNS /;ku lwa lq.k uS½gka---- Bhd&Bhd---- ugha] ugha]Hkwy dhdj ¼tk·Åa½ HkkbZ! EguS;kn gSA vPNk] ueLrs ¼fjlhojèkj nSA½

ljkst % dkabZ ckr gS\gse % ckr dkabZ gksoS] vk*bZ flQkjl

jh ckr gSA vkt baLiSDVj jhbaVjO;w gS d\ dSoS dS lksou uSHkstwa gwa tdkS /;ku jk[ktkSAEgkjkS [kkl vkneh gSA geS EgSafd.kjkS /;ku jk[kwaA jkoGh ?kksM+hvj lkS vlokjA

ljkst % rkS dkabZ OgS\ eksVk vQlj gkSAvkijS vkneh jkS erGc iwjkSdj.kkS bZ pkbZtSA

gse % i.k EgSa vc fd.kuS jkth jk[kwa uSfd.kuS csjkth\ vsd iSBkS] ukSyxokG okGh ckr OgS jS;h gSAtxk rkS vsd vj [kle lkSA

¼HkGS Qksu jh ?kaVh cktSA fjlhojmBkoS uS ckr djS½ gykS! gka] EgSagse cksy jS;kS gwaA ----vPNk foey!cksy HkkbZ] dkabZ ckr gS\ vkt;wa lqfn;kS&lqfn;kS dhdj gS\gSa\ vjs] blh dkabZ ckr OgSxh\¼Qsj lq.kS½ gka---- gka---- i.k HkkbZfoey! ckr vk gS dS txk rkS gSvsd uS mEesnokj gS ?k.kkA geSEgSa fd.kuS ywa uS fd.kuS NksMwa\Fkwa bZ crkA ¼lq.k uS½ gS\----[kSj]ns[kwaykA ¼fjlhoj /kj nsoS½

ljkst % vkS fd.kjS okLrS dSoS gS\gse % vjs ckck] oks islxkj jkS NksjkS gS

d\ m.kjS okLrS dS jS;kS gSAdSoS dS nks fnuka lwa Egkjk dku[kk jS;kS gS dS Egkjh flQkjldj nkSA

ljkst % vkbZ rkS dSÅa dS baVjO;w dkabZvkS rkS tho jkS vsd tatkGgw;xkSA vka flQkjL;ka jS vkxSrkS tku jh /;kjh eaMxhA ¼ÅBuS½ykS geS fuiV ywa uha rkS eksM+kSgq; tklhA ¼tkoS½A

¼iM+nkS iM+S½

nwtkS njlkonwtkS njlkonwtkS njlkonwtkS njlkonwtkS njlko¼gse ckcw vkijS n¶rj esa cSBk mEesnokjka jhnj[kkLrka QjSGS gSA bÙkS esa piM+klh vsdiqjth yk;*j nsoSA iqjth ckapSA piM+klh uSckjS ÅHkS feu[k uS Hkhrj cqyko.k jh lSudjSA vsd [kíj/kkjh gkFk esa >ksGkS fy;kaeka; cM+SA½

gse ckcw % ¼ÅHkkS OgSuS½ vkS gkS! vki! ièkkjkSlk] usrkth! vkt f/ku ?kM+hfèku Hkkx ftdkS ?kjS cSBka bZ

60

njl.k OgSxkA QjekokS] dhdjièkkj.kkS gqokS ¼dqjlh dkauh lSudj*j½ fcjktkS lkA

pkS[kVk % ¼dqjlh ij cSBuS½ EgSa rkS vBSuSM+S okGS n¶rj esa vk;kS gkSAlksP;kS pkyrkS ckcwth jh gktjhHkh ctkrkS pkywaA gkS rkS etS esa\

gse % gka lkA usrkoka jh fdjik pkbZtSAiNS fd.k ckr jkS Mj\ ikapwa ?khesa vj flj dM+kbZ esaA

pks[kVk % gka rkS lkc] vsd baVjO;w lqf.k;kSgkSA dn rkabZ gqoSyk\

gse % okS rkS vkxyh iSyh rkjh[k uSgqlhA D;wa dkabZ ckr gS\

pkS[kVk % vkSbZ FkksM+kS [k;ky jk[ktkSA EgkjSlkGS jkS csVkS eksoukS Hkh baVjO;wesa vkoSykA vki ?kj jk bZ vknehgkS] vkiuS dkabZ dSokaA FkksM+kSè;ku jk[ktkSA vki.kkS [kklvkneh gSA

gse % Bhd lkA vkSj dksbZ gqde pkdjh\pkS[kVk % cl ekSt gSA rkS lh[k d:a\

vsd ehfVax esa tko.kkS gSA gkarkS vki Hkwy er tkbtkSA vki.kkS[kkl vkneh gSA ¼dSorks&dSorkStkoS½A

gse % ¼vi.kS vki½ vkS baVjO;w dkabZgqokS] tku jkS >xM+kS eaMX;kSAEgSa vcS dwoS esa iM+wa dS [kkMesa\ daFkkS vsd] ijnsl ?k.kk okGhckr gks; jS;h gSA ¼bÙkS esa Qksujh ?kaVh cktS uS gse ckcw fjlhojmBk;uS dku lwa yxkoSA½

gse % gykS! gka--- gka--- EgSa bZ gse ckcwgwaA QjekokSA dq.k\ ea=hth jkih-vs- lkc\ gka---- gka---- QjekokSdkabZ gqde gS\ ----baVjO;w rkS

iSyh rkjh[k uS gqoSykA cksykSdkabZ dj.kkS gS\

gse % ¼ckr lq.kuS½ Bhd gS lkA è;kujk[klwa---- i.k lkc txk rkS vsdgS vj mEesnokj---- gka] gka---- okrkS gS bZ lk---- EgkjkS erGc vkSugha gSA fefuLVj lkc jkS gqdeflj vka[;ka ekFkSA ----gka gka----gka] bÙkkS rkS EgSa bZ le>wa gwa lkAi.k vki Hkh vks[kk.kkS ukehlq.kk;kS dS /;ku uha jkf[k;kS rkS?kj ?kksfl;ka jk cGSyk i.k lq[khrkS Åanjk bZ dksuh gqoSA Bhdlk] Åanjka uS tho.kkS gqlh rkSfefuLVj lkc jkS [kkl vknehbZt fyjhtlhA ¼fjlhoj /kjS½A

¼iM+nkS iM+S½

rhtkS njlkorhtkS njlkorhtkS njlkorhtkS njlkorhtkS njlko¼gse ckcw jh jlksbZA gse ckcw jkS ewaMkSmrfj;ksM+kS gSA vGlk;ksM+h vka[;ka] FkkdksM+kSljhjA gksGS&gksGS jksVh jk dkSj mxkGS gSAljkst duS cSBh ftekoSA gse ckcw jh mnklhns[k*j ljkst dSoSA ½

ljkst % vkt dkabZ ckr gS\ bÙkh mnklhdhdj\ n¶rj esa ?k.kkS dke jSoSgS dkabZ\ ;wa tku ns*j dekbZfd;ksM+h fd.k dke jh\

gse % [kSj vS rkS thorS th jS ;wa bZ>xM+k ykX;k jSlhA vkt FkkjSih*j lwa dkxn vk;kS ft.k esadkabZ fyf[k;kS gS\

ljkst % dkdksth fyf[k;kS gS dS iSyhrkjh[k uS tdkS baVjO;w gkS jS;kSgS] m.k esa vki.kS vsd [kklvkneh uS Hkwtwa gwa] lks yS yhtkSA

61

ckSr HkykS vj gqaL;kj vkneh gSAgse % i.k txk rkS vsd bZ gSA Fkwa dkabZ

tk.kS dksuhA fdÙkk vkneh ykjSiM+ jS;k gSA

ljkst % tdkS dkabZ OgS] cSBk jSbZ nwtkAiSyh ?kjdk uS ykSA ?kj jk iwrdaokjk MksyS] ikM+kslh jk QsjkAvk dBS jh jhr gS\ dkdksthdkabZ FkkauS ckj&ckj fy[kSyk\vkS rkS dksbZ bL;ksbZ ekSdkS vk;X;kSgSA

gse % Fkwa xSyh ckr dhdj djS\ EgSafefuLVj lkc jh ckr jk[kwa dSFkkjS dkdksth jh\

ljkst % ¼jhl esa vk*j½ rkS fefuLVj dksbZEgklwa ykaBkS gS\ nwtk lkjk cSBkjSoSykA dkdksth jkS vkneh iSyhykx.kkS pkbZtSA

gse % rkS Fks EguS Mjk*j dke c.kko.kkSpkokS gkS dkabZ\

ljkst % ¼BjdS lwa½ gka] vkS dke gks.kkSbZt pkbZtSA EgkjS ih*j esa eka&ckiuha] HkkbZ&cSu uhaA vsd ckiM+kdkdksth EguS ikG&iksl*jij.kkbZ eqdGkbZ( vj vkt m.kkajkS vsd tjk lks dke uha djkSykrkS EgSa okauS HkGS dhdj ewaMkSfn[kkÅaykA

¼piM+klh vkoS½piM+klh % ckjS vsd NksjkS ÅHkkS vkijh ckV

tksoS gSA dkabZ dSÅa\gse % tk dS;nS dS vckj the*j vkÅa

gwaA Bk*uha ckiM+kS dksbZ fdÙkklqxu lkt*j vk;kS gqoSykA¼piM+klh tkoS½

ljkst % gka] rkS EgSa dkdksth uS dkabZfy[kwa\ dkabZ dSokS gkS\

gse % ¼tkorka&tkorka½ Bhd gSA EgSafopkj d:aykA vsdj okauS dhaer fy[kA HkGS EgSa fy[k nwaykA¼vkiS bZ cjM+korkS tkoS½ vkSj rkScSjh gqok lks gqok] vc rkS ?kjokGhbZ L;ku yso.k uS R;kj gwxhA[kSj] ns[kh tkoSykA

pkSFkkS njlkopkSFkkS njlkopkSFkkS njlkopkSFkkS njlkopkSFkkS njlko¼gse ckcw jh ckjyh cSBdA jkr jk vkBcft;ka jh VSeA cSBd jS vsd [kw.kS esa HksGkSgq;ksM+kS vksGk ekjÓksM+h desM+h jS nkabZ jkewcSBkS gSA ewaMS ij vsd*j vklk jh fped nh[kSrkS chtS [k.k fujklk jh dkGlA gse ckcw uSvkorka ns[k*j ÅHkkS gqoSA ½

jkew % ueLdkj! ckcwthAgse % vko HkkbZ! dkabZ dke vko.kkS

gqokS\ dkabZ uke FkkjkS\jkew % lk] EgkjkS uke jkeyky gSA iSyh

rkjh[k uS gkso.k okGS baVjO;w jkSmEesnokj gwaA ch-vs- ikl gwaAi.k fd.kh jh flQkjl uha gqo.klwa vkt rkabZ csdkj fQ:a gwaAEgkjS rkS vki jh bZ flQkjl gSA¼dSorkS&dSorkS xGxGkS gw tkoS½

gse % rkS HkkbZ] fd.kh ykaBS feu[k jhflQkjl dksuh dkabZ\

jkew % uha lkcAgse % ¼xSjh fulkal Ugkd uS½ Bhd gS]

è;ku esa jk[klwaA vkSj dkabZ dkegS\ gka] EgSa rkS iwN.kkS bZ HkwyX;kS]rwa thE;kS dS ugha\

jkew % ¼ljekorkS&ljekorkS½ ugha lkAgse % ¼piM+klh uS gsykS ikM+S½ vjs HkbZ]

b± yM+dS uS ftek;uS lqok nsbZApiM+klh % Bhd lkA

62

¼gse ckcw ?kj esa tko.kkS pkoSAbÙkS esa vsd MS.k ykBh VsdrkS&VsdrkS&VSdrkS vk*j dkxn nsoSAgse ckcw MS.k uS /;ku lwans[krk&ns[krk dkxn [kksy*jckapSA½

gse % ¼dkxn lwa½ fp: gse] lsrh fy[khpkM+okl lwa Hkwokth jh vklhlckaptkSA vijap dkxn yko.kokGkS vkS vki.kkS [kkl vknehgSA b.k jkS csVkS ch-vs- ikl gSAFkka ?k.kk eksVk vQlj gkS lkSb.kjS csVS jh dksbZ ÅapS vksgnSij ukSdjh yxk nsoksykA vkSvki.kkS [kkl vkneh gS vj gwaFkkauS cfj;ka&cfj;ka dks fy[kwaykuhaA

¼dkxn ckaprka&ckaprka gkFk lwaNwV tkoSA½

ikapokS njlkoikapokS njlkoikapokS njlkoikapokS njlkoikapokS njlko¼gse ckcw jkS n¶rjA fnu jh nks cft;ka jhVSeA n¶rj jS vkxS baVjO;w gkso.kS jS cknmEesnokjka jh HkhM+ ifj.kke lq.k.k jS [kkrj[kM+h gSA n¶rj esa gse ckcw vftZ;ka jkS f<xfy;ka cSBk gSA njoktS duS piM+klh ÅHkkSgSA ½

gse % ¼vi.kS vki½ vkS vki.kkS [kklvkneh gSA vk[kk yksx flQkjldjS& vkS vki.kkS [kkl vknehgSA ¼rsth lwa vk;*j½ rkS EgSa Hkh[kkl vkneh gwaA EgSa fd.kh jhflQkjl uha ekuwaykA ts nwtkajh flQkjl ekuwa rkS EgSa ejtkÅaykA Egkjh vkrek ejtkoSykA nwtk EgkjS ekFkS NktkoSykA ugha( EgSa ej.kkS ugha]

tho.kkS pkowa gwaA fcuk fd.kh jSMj vj ncko jS EgSa vi.kh vkrekjkS QSlykS nsÅaykA vkt EguSdha jkS Hkh Mj ugha gSA vktEgkjh vkrek vktkn gSA uha rkSEgSa lÙkk lwa M:ayk] uha lxk&lacafèk;ka lwaA lkpS vfèkdkjh uSekSdkS nwaykA pk;S Egkjh ukSdjhjSoS pk;S tkoSA ¼?kaVh ctk*j½

gse % piM+klh!piM+klh % ¼vkoS½ gqde lk*cAgse % tk*j ckjS cSBk ljnkj cks/kkflag]

Hkh[kkjke] Mwaxjflag vkSj jkeykymEesnokjka uS cqyk ykA

¼lkjk flQkjlh 5 mEesnokj vkoS½gse % ¼vjft;ka ys;&ys;uS vsd dkauh

Ugk[krk Fkdka½ flQkjlh Vêwokajh vjth [kkjt! usrkth vjfefuLVjka jh flQkjl [kkjt!HkkbZ&Hkrhtka jh flQkjl [kkjt!lkpkS bZekunkj jkeyky baVjO;wesa iklA tkokS] Hkkx tkokSA

¼mEesnokj ckjS tkork&tkorkcksyS½

,d mEes- % fjLor [kkX;kSAnwtkS % csbZeku gSArhtkS % vc ns[klka b± dqjlh ekFkS fdÙkk

fnu jSoS\pkSFkkS % vjs EgSa b.kuS cj[kkLr djk;uS

NksMwaykA ¼lxGk feGuS ukjkS yxkoS&^^fjLor[kksj vQlj jkS] uklgkS**] ^gse ckcw] eqM+nkckn!**½

¼n¶rj jS vanj lwa gal.kS jh vkoktvkoSA½

¼iM+nkS iM+S½zz

63

vc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkfdyksGk¾jEerA ;kn QjekbZ¾;kn dj.kkSA [kle¾/k.khA vks[kk.kkS¾dgkor] yksdksfDrA?kjdka¾?kjokGkA ykaBkS¾rkdrojA cfj;ka&cfj;ka¾dsbZ ckjA [kkjt¾jíA


fodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- gse ckcw fdL;S eSdeS jkS vQlj gS\

¼v½ QkSt jkS ¼c½ jsyoS jkS¼l½ dke fnjkÅ eSdeS jkS ¼n½ foÙk foHkkx jkS

¼ ½

2- vsdkadh esa vk;k usrkth jkS dkabZ uke gS\¼v½ jke ckcw ¼c½ pkS[kVkuan¼l½ gse ckcw ¼n½ jkew

¼ ½3- ljkst jS ih*j lwa dkxn dq.k fy[;kS\

¼v½ ekeksth ¼c½ ckcwth¼l½ dkdksth ¼n½ QwaQksth

¼ ½4- ^baVjO;w* esa ikl dq.k gq;kS\

¼v½ eksgu ¼c½ Hkh[kkjke¼l½ Mwaxjflag ¼n½ jkeyky

¼ ½

lko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- gse ckcw fdL;S eSdeS jkS vQlj gkS\2- gse ckcw fdL;S in jh Hkjrh djh\3- pkS[kVkuan fd.kjh flQkfjl djh\4- jkeyky fdÙkkS i<ÓksM+kS gkS\

NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- b.k vsdkadh esa fdL;S eSdeS jkS oj.kko gS\2- gse ckcw jS duS fd.k&fd.k jh flQkfjl vk;h\3- ljkst vkijk dkdksth jh flQkjl eku.k jh ckr D;wa dS;h\4- gse ckcw fd.kuS vj D;wa ukSdjh nhUghA

64

ys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- ^vki.kkS [kkl vkneh* vsdkadh jS mísL; uS foxrokj le>kokSA2- ^vki.kkS [kkl vkneh* vsdkadh jh vsdkadh jk rÙoka ekFkS leh{kk djkSA3- ^vki.kkS [kkl vkneh* vsdkadh jS eq[; ik= gse ckcw jS pfj= jh folslrkoka uS le>kokSA4- ^ukVd* vj vsdkadh* fo/kk jkS vjFk le>korka Fkdka vka nksU;ka jkS vkarjkS le>kokSA5- uhspS fnjhth vksfG;ka jh ijlaxkÅ O;k[;k djkS&

^^EgSa fd.kh jh flQkjl uha ekuwaykA ts nwtka jh flQkjl ekuwa rkS EgSa ej tkÅaykA Egkjhvkrek ej tkoSykA nwtk EgkjS ekFkS Nk tkoSykA ugha( EgSa ej.kkS ugha] tho.kkS pkowa gwaAfcuk fd.kh jS Mj vj ncko jS EgSa vi.kh vkrek jkS QSlykS nsÅaykA vkt EguS dha jkS HkhMj ugha gSA vkt Egkjh vkrek vktkn gSA uha rkS EgSa lÙkk lwa M:ayk] uha lxk&lacafèk;kalwaA lkpS vfèkdkjh uS ekSdkS nwaykA pk;S Egkjh ukSdjh jSoS pk;S tkoSA**

65

vsdkadhvsdkadhvsdkadhvsdkadhvsdkadh

nslHkxr HkkeklknslHkxr HkkeklknslHkxr HkkeklknslHkxr HkkeklknslHkxr Hkkeklk

MkW- vkKkpan HkaMkjhMkW- vkKkpan HkaMkjhMkW- vkKkpan HkaMkjhMkW- vkKkpan HkaMkjhMkW- vkKkpan HkaMkjh

ys[kd&ifjpSys[kd&ifjpSys[kd&ifjpSys[kd&ifjpSys[kd&ifjpSMkW- vkKkpan HkaMkjh jkS tue fo- laor~ 1978 uS tks/kiqj esa gks;kSA eSfVªd ijh{kk ikl djuSvki jsyos esa ukSdjh djyhA ukSdjh djrk Fkdka vki ys[k.k lwa yxksyx tqfM+;k jS;kA vkib.kh yxu vj eS.kr jS cG fgUnh vj vaxzsth esa vse- vs- djhA lks/k jS [ksrj esa vkijh xSjh#fp jS;h ft.kjS RgSr vki tks/kiqj fo'ofo|ky; lwa jktLFkku dk lxq.k HkfDrdkO;* fol;ekFkS ihvsp-Mh- jh mikf/k gkly djhA HkaMkjh fgUnh] jktLFkkuh vj vaxzsth jk dqly fy[kkjkgkA jktLFkkuh jS ukVd vj vsdkadh [ksrj uS vkijh folsl nsu jS;hA ^iUuk/kk;* ukao lwavkijkS vsd jktLFkkuh ukVd izdkflr gq;kSA ^nsl jS okLrS* vkijkS vsd vsdkadh&laxzS bZNfi;kS] ft.kesa ikap vsdkafd;ka gSA vaxzsth esa bZ vkijh nks iksF;ka NI;ksM+h gSA

ikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSvkS vsdkadh jktLFkkuh vsdkadh* laxzS lwa fy;ksM+kS gSA b.kesa ys[kd egkjk.kk izrki jS nhok.kHkkeklk jh nslHkxrh vj R;kx jkS izsj.kknk;h fp= vafdr dfj;kS gSA egkjk.kk izrki vkijSduS /ku vj flikgh de OgS.k jS dkj.k esokM+ NksM*j fla/k ijnsl dkauh tko.k jkS fuLpSdjSA esokM+ jk nhoku Hkkeklk vkijkS [ktkukS esokM+ jh fjNÓk [kkrj egkjk.kk izrki uS lwainsoS] ft.klwa egkjk.kk vkijh lsuk jkS xBu dj eqxyka lwa tq) tkjh jk[kS vj esokM+ uSvktho.k vktkn jk[kSA izrki jS R;kx vj cfGnku jS lkFkS nslHkxr Hkkeklk jS pfjÙk uS b.kvsdkadh esa mtkxj djhT;kS gSA

nslHkxr HkkeklknslHkxr HkkeklknslHkxr HkkeklknslHkxr HkkeklknslHkxr Hkkeklk

ik=ik=ik=ik=ik=

egkjk.kk izrkiegkjk.kk izrkiegkjk.kk izrkiegkjk.kk izrkiegkjk.kk izrkivejfla?kvejfla?kvejfla?kvejfla?kvejfla?k

Hkhy fljnkjHkhy fljnkjHkhy fljnkjHkhy fljnkjHkhy fljnkjHkkeklkHkkeklkHkkeklkHkkeklkHkkeklk

pkj fljnkjpkj fljnkjpkj fljnkjpkj fljnkjpkj fljnkj

66

tX;ka % Hkk[kjka jS chp esaleS % ijHkkrfe;kn % chl feuVlk/ku % ryokj] rhj&dck.k] lksuS

pkanh lwa Hkfj;ksM+h pkj jf[[k;kalSfVax % taxG uS Hkk[kj

iSykS njlkoiSykS njlkoiSykS njlkoiSykS njlkoiSykS njlko¼Hkk[kjka jS chp esa egkjk.kk çrki ewaMkSmrkjÓka cSBk gSA ik[krh ckGd vejfla?kcSBkS&cSBkS vkalw ikM+S gSA½

çrki % vej---!vej % gqde nkrk!çrki % ;wa vkalw D;wa <kGS csVk\vej % dkBh Hkw[k ykxh gS nkrk! vcS rkS

Hkw[k uha lS;htSAçrki % fpÙkkSM+ jkS esokM+h jktdaoj] ;wa

Hkw[k lwa MjS\vej % uha nkrk! EgSa Hkw[k lwa uha M:a]

i.k---çrki % dkyS jkr jk Fkkjk cwlk vsd jksVh

<duS jk[kh gh] ok dBS xbZ\vej % ok jksVh rkS feudkS ysX;kS nkrk!

EgSa uS cwlk feudk uS dk<.k jh?k.kh dkslhl djh] i.k lsoV jksVhmBkuS ys bZt x;kSA

çrki % ¼xaHkhj c.kuS½ gwa---vej % gka] tjS bZ rkS gky rd EgSa Hkw[kkS gwaAçrki % [kSj] dha ckr uha csVk! dkyS jkr

jk rkS jksVh [kkbZt gh dS\vej % gka nkrk! dkyS rkS EgSa vkèkh jksVh

rkS [kkbZ ghAçrki % tSM+h bdfyax th jh ejthA Fkwa

dkyS vk/kh jksVh rkS [kkbZ gh] i.kEgSa uS Fkkjk cw*lk fdrjk fnuka jkHkw[kk gkaA Bk gS FkuS\

vej % gka nkrk! EguS lSax Bk gSA vkipkj fnuka jk Hkw[kk gkSA ¼FkksMh nsjpqi jSoS½ nkrk! vk[krh&ik[krhtk;uS lks/kwa] dBSbZ QG&Qwy dSdanewG feG tkoS rkS\

çrki % tk csVk] tk-- Hkkx HkjkslS---¼vejfla?k tkoSA çrki mnkl eu]ewaMkS yVdk;ka fopkj djrk gqoST;wa cSBk gSA FkksM+h nsj iNS½

çrki % gs Hkxoku! dSM+kS fc[kkS Ugkf[k;kSgS\ Vkcj Hkw[kka ejSA vkS Egklwadhdj ns[khtS\ ¼FkksM+h nsj pqijSoS½ rqjdka jkS vckj lkeukS djldwa tdh tpS dksuhA ts EgSa vBSbZt jSÅa rkS m.kjk fljnkj EguSvBS td uha yso.k nSA--- fd.khrjS lwa ts EgSa vdcj jS jkt jhlhao lwa ckjS fudG tkÅa rkSFkksM+hd pSu feGS uS tq) jkS lkoGfcpkj dj Hkh ldwaA i.k--- i.kdBS tkÅa\ ¼fyykM+ ekFkS gkFkQsjS uS fopkj djS½ vjs! gka] Bhd;kn vk;kSA flaèk unh jS dkaBSflaf/k;ka jS jkt esa tkÅa ijkSA¼Hkhy ljnkj uS ls: Hkhy vkoS½

fljnkj % tS gks esokM+ jk /k.kh jhAçrki % vks! Hkhy fljnkj] vkokS&vkokS!fljnkj % egkjk.kk! vkt vki fd.k fopkj

esa mGf>;ksM+k fcjkft;k gkS\çrki % nwtkS dabZ fopk:a\ vcS EgkjkS vBS

?k.kkS BSj.kkS nksjkS bZ gSAfljnkj % D;wa\ cl--- fgEer gjk fnjkoksyk

dabZ] egkjk.kk\çrki % fgEer gkj.k jkS loky ugha gS]

fljnkj! vBS jS;uS b.k c[kreqxyka jkS lkeukS dj ldwa] vSM+hvkSdkr vckj Egkjh uha gSA

67

ls: % ckr rkS lkph QqjekokS gkS] egkjk.kkAçrki % uS Qsj b.k uSuk&lk ckGfd;k uS

nks&nks fnu rd Hkw[kkS jSo.kkS iM+SAfljnkj % vki Hkh rkS pkj fnuka lwa dha uha

vjksfx;k gkS] vUunkrk!çrki % ¼ckr VkGuS½ fljnkj! vSM+h lqjxka

tSM+h tyeHkkse NksMrka EgkjkSfgoM+kS QkVSA ftdh tyeHkkseEgkjh ikG.k iksl.k fd;kS] ft.kjhlqrarjrk jS [kkrj EgSa brjkS yfM+;kS]brjk nq[k Hkksfx;k] m.k tyeHkkseuS vSM+k nq[kka esa NksMuS tkorkaEgkjkS dkGtkS VqdM+k&VqdM+k gqoSA¼vkalw VidS½

fljnkj % i.k fd;kS dabZ tkoS] vUunkrk!b.k flok; dksbZ nwtkS mik; HkhrkS uha nhlSA

ls: % egkjk.kk! EgSa vkiuS vsdyk uhatko.k nwaA EgSa Hkh vkijS lkFkSpkywaykA

çrki % uha chjk] uhaA ts Fkwa EgkjS lkFkSpkySyk ijkS] rkS iNS vBkjk lanslkEguS dq.k HkstSyk\

ls: % D;wa\ fljnkj rkS vBS bZt gSAçrki % HkkbZ! ekMka.kh nq[k D;wa >syS\ Fkwa

fljnkj jS lkFkS bZt jS] fljnkj uSenn feGSykA

fljnkj % vUunkrk! EgkjS fd.kh rjS jh ennuha pkbZtSA vkS vkijS lkFkS jSoSykrkS lk*jkS bZt ykxSykA

ls: % fljnkj Bhd dSoS] vUunkrkAçrki % ok t.kS] ;wa bZt djkS dS vkS EgkjS

lkFkS pkyS uS---fljnkj % EgSa vBS bZt jSÅaAçrki % gkaA tyeHkkse! eka] FkuS Nsgyk

iz.kke! ¼gkFk tksM+S½ eka! FkkauS vSM+kfc[kk esa NksMrka EgkjkS dkGtkSphjhtS gSA i.k dabZ d:a eka! FkuSb.k foink lwa NqVdkjkS fnjko.k jS

[kkrj bZt tkÅa gwaA eka! FkuScanowa] yk[k&yk[k iz.kke! ¼vka[;kaeka; lwa vkalw jh yfM+;ka cSoSA½

ls: % ¼vsdne] fyykM+ ekFkS gkFk èkjuSvk?kh vkrh pht ns[krkS OgS T;wa½egkjk.kk! okS mBhuS vk?kkS FkdkSdksbZ ?kqM+lokj vkorkS nh[kSA

fljnkj % ¼ns[kuS½ gka egkjk.kk] ?kksM+kS vBhuSbZt ljiV vkorkS nh[kSA

ls: % vcS rkS vlokj lko uSM+kS vk;X;kSgSA

çrki % vjs! vS rkS Hkkeklk gSA lkxS pkjfljnkj Hkh gSA ¼Hkkeklk pkjfljnkjka jS lkFkS vkoSA pkjka jS[kaoka ekFkS pkj Hkkjh Hkjde jf[[k;kayVdS gSA½

çrki % vkokS] Hkkeklk! vkokS ¼Hkkeklk gkFktksM+SA½

Hkkeklk % ?k.kh [kEek] vUnkrk! tS bdfyaxth jh! tS gkS esokM+ jk /k.kh jh!

çrki % tS bdfyax th jh! vckj b.kc[kr uS vBS dhdj vko.kkS gqokSlkg th\

Hkkeklk % vkijS pj.kka esa bZt gktj gqokS gwa]ckith!

çrki % cksykS] cksykS] EgkjS yk;d---Hkkeklk % egkjk.kk! EgSa lqf.k;kS gS dS vki

esokM+ NksMuS i/kkj j;k gkS! dabZvk ckr lkph gS\

çrki % gka Hkkeklk! vk ckr lko lkph gSAvcS EguS esokM+ jkS R;kx dj.kkSbZt iM+SykA

Hkkeklk % i.k D;wa\ b.k esa esokM+ jh ukdtkoS] egkjk.kk!

çrki % lkg th! vkt rd EgSa ?k.kh bZfgEer jk[khA vcS i.k EgkjS duSuha rkS èku gS uS uha flikgh---

Hkkeklk % vkijS fcuk esokM+ vukFk OgS tkoSyk]vUnkrk!

68

çrki % Hkkeklk! m.k vdcj uS rkS ckikjkoG jS oal jh bTtr yso.k lwaerGc gSA FkkauS b.kesa dabZ\ FksrkS vk.kan lwa jSokSA

Hkkeklk % dSM+h dM+oh ckr Qqjek;nh]vUunkrkA :a[k jh tM+ dkfV;kaiNS MkG lkcrh jSoS\ vki rkS ;wanq[k HkksxuS fQjrk fQjkS uS Egsvk.kan jh calh ctkoka\ vkS vkNkSykxS\ Egs fd*;k ewaMk lwa lq[kHkksxka\

çrki % i.k b.kesa vsrjkt dkabZ gS] Hkkeklk\Hkkeklk % vsrjkt\ b.k lwa eksVkS vsrjkt

Qsj dabZ gw ldS] dS esokM+ jhvku] eku uS ejtkn jkS :[kkGkS?kj NksMuS nj&nj HkVdS uS EgsvBS rqjdka jh ixFkfG;ka pkVuSftUnxh fcrkoka\ vSM+k tho.kk fcpSrkS ej.kkS pks[kkSA Egkjh vsd vjtekuksyk] Egkjk /k.kh!

çrki % vk dabZ dks lkgth\ Fkkajh dksbZ Hkhckr EgSa vkt rd VkGh gS\

Hkkeklk % ¼jf[[k;ka /kjuS½ rkS egkjk.kk! vkSèku vkijS pj.kka esa vji.k d:a]b.kuS vaxstkSA

çrki % vk dhdj gw ldS] nhok.kka\ Fkkajhlsok jS cnGS EgkjS gkFk lwa bZtfn;ksM+kS /ku b.kh*t gkFk lwa ikNkSysÅa\ vk uha gw ldSA

Hkkeklk % egkjk.kk! esokM+ jh /kjrh vkijhvsdyka jh uha gS] Egkjh Hkh tyeHkksegSA vkS /ku vkiuS uha] tyeHkkse uSvji.k d:a gwaA tyeHkkse jheqxrh uS fjPNk jS [kkrj ts EgkjkS/ku dke esa ugha vkoS rkS vSM+k èku uSjk[kuS EgSa dabZ d:a\ èkwM+ cjkcj gSA

çrki % ¼vka[;ka xGxGh djrk½ Hkkeklk!Egkjk Ogkyk nhok.k---

Hkkeklk % uha egkjk.kk th! vki vcS uk uha

dj ldkSA vki opu fn;kS gSA ;kajf[[k;ka esa brjkS /ku gS dS iphlgtkj flik;ka jkS [kjpkS ckjg cjlrd pky ldSA vkiuS yso.kkS bZtiM+SykA

çrki % Hkkeklk! Fks uha ekukSA EguS vkS èkulkpekp yso.kkS bZt iM+SykA fèkugS m.k dks[k uS ft.kesa Fks tyefy;kSA FkkajkS vkS R;kx txr esavej jSoSykA ¼ÅHkk gq;*j ckFk HkjuSHksaVSA½

Hkkeklk % b.kuS vki R;kx dSokS vUnkrk\gjfxt uha! vkS R;kx fcYdqy uhagSA vSM+kS diwr uS uhp b.k lalkjesa dq.k gqoSyk ftdkS eka tyeHkksejh fjPNk jS [kkrj] eqxrh jS [kkrjHkh èku uha nsoS uS nkSyr uS lSaBhdjuS jk[kS\

izrki % ¼xGxGkS OgsuS½ EgkjS duS dha uhagS( nks cksy Hkh uha gSA fd.k foèkFkakjS xq.kka jkS c[kk.k d:a\

Hkkeklk % Egkjk ekyd! vcS ikNk eqM+kS uSEgkjh eka jh csfM+;ka rksM+.k jkljru djkokSA

ljnkj % egkjk.kk! ikNk eqM+kS! Hkkeklk jkb.k R;kx lwa esokM+ thr uSfn[kkokSA

lxGk % f/ku gS Hkkeklk! Fkkajh Nkrh uS fèkugSA

fljnkj % egkjk.kk! tBS rd Hkkjr jh èkjrhekFkS vSM+k uj&jru ÅHkk ixka gS]mBS rd vika.kh lqrUrjrk lkaEghdksbZ djM+h futj lwa ns[k Hkh uhaldSA

çrki % [kjh ckr gSAlxGk % f/ku gS nsl&Hkxr Hkkeklk uS! fèku

gS R;kxh Hkkeklk!¼iM+nkS iM+S½¼iM+nkS iM+S½¼iM+nkS iM+S½¼iM+nkS iM+S½¼iM+nkS iM+S½

zz

69

vc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkHkk[kj¾igkM+A ik[krh¾uSM+kS] duS cw*lk¾ekrkA Bk¾[kcjA lks/kwa¾[kkstwaA ewaMkS yVdk;ka¾mnklgks;*jA fc[kks¾nq[k] foifÙkA td¾pSu] vkjkeA lhao¾lhek] gnA dkaBS¾fdukjsA vkSdkr¾fclkr]fgEer] lkejFkA ekMka.kh¾tcjuA lk*jkS¾lgkjkSA Nsgyk¾vafre] vk[kjhA dksFkGh¾FkSyhAukd¾bTtr] Áfr"BkA ixFkfG;ka pkV pkVuS¾xqykeh dj&djuS vaxStks¾vaxhdkj djkSAokYgk&fÁ;A nhok.k¾Á/kkuea=hA lSaBh dj uS jk[kS¾etcwrh lwa idM+ jk[kS] [kjp uha djSAljru¾mik;] truA mHkk ixka¾ixka ij [kM+k gS] gktj gSA


fodGikÅ iMwrj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iMwrj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iMwrj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iMwrj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iMwrj okGk loky1- *vckj lkeukS dj ldwa] tdh tpS dksuhA* uha tp.k jkS dkj.k gkS&

¼v½ vej uS Hkw[kkS ns[k oS fujkl gq;X;k¼c½ l=q jk lSfud m.kkuS pSu uha yso.k nsork¼l½ l=q uS tcjkS ns[k oS fgEer gkjX;k¼n½ ijrki duS uha /ku gkS vj uha flikgh

¼ ½2- izrki tyeHkkse uS NksM*j D;wa tko.kkS pkork\

¼v½ yM+rk&yM+rk FkkdX;k¼c½ [kko.k&iho.k jh deh gq;xh¼l½ vdcj laf/k dj.k uS jkth gq;X;kS¼n½ tyeHkkse uS foink lwa NwVdkjkS fnjko.k [kkrj

¼ ½3- ^vSM+k /ku uS jk[kuS EgS daÃ d:a\ /kwM+ cjkcj gSA^ fdlkS /ku /kwM+ cjkcj gS\

¼v½ tks eSur uha dj dek;kS tkoS¼c½ tks datwlh dj cpk;kS tkoS¼l½ tks nsl jS dke uha vkoS¼n½ tks [kqn jS dke uha vkoS

¼ ½4- b.kuS vki R;kx dSokS vankrkA gjfxt ughaA vkS R;kx fcydqy uha gSA^

Hkkeklk jkS iMwÙkj m.kka jS pfjr jk fdlk xq.k uS crkoS&¼v½ mnkjrk¼c½ nslHkxfr¼l½ vuklfDr¼n½ ujekÃ

¼ ½

70

lko NksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iMwÙkj okGk loky1- egkjk.kk izrki dBS jk 'kkld Fkk\2- izrki fd.k jS lkaeh tq) yM+ jg~;k gk\3- Hkkeklk fd.k jkt jk nhoku gk\4- izrki fd.k jS jkt esa tko.k jkS fopkj fd;kS\5- ^ukd tkoS^ eqgkojs jkS vjFk fy[kkS\

NksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iMwÙkj okGk loky1- *dSM+h dM+oh ckr Qqjek; nh vUnkrk!* vk dM+oh ckr fdlh gh\2- *vSM+k tho.k fcpS rks ej.kks pks[kkSA* fdlk tho.k lwa ej.kks pks[kkS gS\3- *Fkkajks vks R;kx txr esa vej jSoSykA* Hkkeklk jks vks R;kx fdlks gks\

ys[k:i iMwÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iMwÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iMwÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iMwÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iMwÙkj okGk loky1- vsdkadh jS vk/kkj ekFkS egkjk.kk izrki jh pfj=xr folslrkoka uS mtkxj djkS\2- ^Fkkajks vks R;kx txr esa vej jsoSyk^ b.k dFku jh foospuk djkS\3- vsdkadh jk ewy&rÙoka jS vk/kkj ekFkS b.k vsdkadh jh leh{kk djkS\4- uhspS fnjhth vksfG;ka jh ijlaxkÅ O;k[;k djkS&

¼v½ vSM+k fc[kk esa NksM+rka EgkjkS dkGtkS fpjhtS gSA i.k dkaÃ d:a] ekaA FkuS b.k fcinlwa NqVdkjkS fnjko.k [kkrj Ãt tkÅa gwaA ekaA oanowa] yk[k yk[k ij.kkeA ¼vkaf[k;kaeka; lwa vkalw jh yfM+;k cS*oS½

¼c½ Hkkeklk& vSrjkt\ b.k lwa eksVks vSrjkt QSj dkaÃ gwa ldS] dS esokM+ jh vku] ekuuS ejtkn jkS :[kkGkS ?kj NksM+ uS nj&nj HkVdS] uS EgS vBS rqjdka jh ixFkfG;kapkV&pkV uS ftUnxh fcrkoka\ vSM+k tho.kk fcpS rks ej.kkS pks[kkSA

¼l½ f/ku gS HkkeklkA Fkkajh Nkrh uS f/ku gSA fljnkj& egkjk.kkA tBS rd Hkkjr jh /kjrhekFkS vSM+k uj&jru ÅHkk ixka gS] mBS rd vkika.kh lqrUrjrk lkaEgh dksÃ djM+hfut+j lwa ns[k Hkh uha ldSA

71

laLej.klaLej.klaLej.klaLej.klaLej.k

lqjtks uk;dlqjtks uk;dlqjtks uk;dlqjtks uk;dlqjtks uk;d

MkW- useukjk;.k tks'khMkW- useukjk;.k tks'khMkW- useukjk;.k tks'khMkW- useukjk;.k tks'khMkW- useukjk;.k tks'kh

ys[kd&ifjpSys[kd&ifjpSys[kd&ifjpSys[kd&ifjpSys[kd&ifjpSMkW- useukjk;.k tks'kh jkS tue 31 tuojh lu~ 1926 esa ukxkSj ftyS jS xkao MksfM;k.kk esagks;kSA vki tks/kiqj jS tloUr dkWyst lwa fgUnh esa izFke Js.kh lwa lu~ 1949 esa vse-vs- ikldjuS dY;k.k dkWyst] lhdj esa fgUnh jk izk/;kid fu;qDr gks;kA lhdj dkWyst esa 14 cjlrkabZ ukSdjh djuS mn;iqj fo'ofo|ky; esa fgUnh foHkkx jk izksQslj vj v/;{k jS;k vj m.kbZ foLofo|ky; jS jktLFkkuh foHkkx jS v/;{k in lwa lsokfuo`Ùk gks;kA oS jktLFkku lkfgR;vdkneh] mn;iqj vj jktLFkkuh Hkk"kk] lkfgR; ,oa laLÑfr vdkneh] chdkusj jk lnL; bZjS;kA MkW- tks'kh fgUnh esa Nk;koknh lyhds jh ?k.kh bZ dforkoka jph] i.k oka dforkoka uSNikbZ dksuhA fgUnh esa Qdr nks; iksFkh Nih& lqfe=kuUnu dk uopsruk dkO;* ¼lks/k&xzaFk½vj fpUru&vuqfpUru* fpUru iz/kku fucU/kka jkS laxzS gSA jktLFkkuh jh eksdGh if=dkoka esavkijh jpukoka NihA vksGwa jh vf[k;krka* okajkS jktLFkkuh laLej.k&laxzS gS] ft.k ekFkS okauSlkfgR; vdknseh] ubZ fnYyh jkS jktLFkkuh iqjLdkj feGÓkSA

ikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSladfyr laLej.k ^lqjtks uk;d* okajS laLej.k&laxzS ^vksGwa jh vf[k;krka* lwa fyjhT;kS gSAlqjtkS uk;d vsd thoar ik= gS ft.kjkS oj.ku ys[kd djÓkS gSA okS vsd rkdrokj feu[kgkSA rkdr m.k eka; brjh gS dS okS vsdykS bZ ihB ekFkS Å[k.k*j ifê;ka edku ekFkS p<k;nsoS vj feu[k vpjt lwa ns[krk jS; tkoSA nwth ?kVuk eka; nks ukjsGka uS nksuwa gkFkka lwaidM+*j HkPp ns.kh Hkkax nsoSA b.k rkdr vkGS lqjtS uS ys[kd Hkwy uha lD;kSA vkf[kj eka;lqjtks dha ulkS ?k.kkS dj*j lqjx fl/kkjX;kSA

lqjtks uk;dlqjtks uk;dlqjtks uk;dlqjtks uk;dlqjtks uk;d

lqjkt dkabZ vk;kS] cGhrS rdkr jkS xkaoesa VksVkS vk;X;kSA okS Hkh tekukS gkS] tn^iks&Egk* jS blS BkjS esa flaÖ;k jh VSe] feanjesa vkjrh jh >kyj ckt.k jS lkxS tkxka&tkxkaflxfM+;ka psr tkrhA phd.kh xkj lwa cf.k;ksM+hywaBh flxfM+;ka esa tkMh&tkMh dBQkM+kiks*j jkr x;ka rka.kh cGrh jSorh] tBS tqM+*jHkkbZ&lS.k nq[k&lq[k jh ckrka djrkA vkt

vk[kS xkao esa ek= nks; ekrfcjka jS vBSflxM+h psrS& dS rkS lsB ghjkyky th egsljhjh nqdku ekFkS vj dS tho.k pkSèkjh jSckj.kSA dkadM+ esa :a[kM+k bZ dksuh jS;k] vkoSdBS lwa cGhrkS\ eqjnkS ckGck [kkrj i.kydM+h jkS rklkS jSoSA vj fcj[kk fi.k xSy jkcjlka esa Qksjh ?k.kh jS;hA banj ckcS jS fi.k]ds csjks ds vkaV Qal Egsyh gS] ftdkS rwBS bZ

72

dksuh! :fl;kS FkdkS jSoSA xkao jh ekG esadns pkGhl csjk pkyrk] T;ka ekFkS [kkekadk<rk lhapkjka jk cksy ekÅeko Vdjhtrk]cBS vkt pkyS ek= ikapA ckdh lS lw[k*j[kksM+k gq;X;kA e> ÅukGS tksgM+ esa nkscM+hÅHkh jSorh xksMk&xksMka.kh] tBS uSM+k&uSM+kxkaoka jkS èku <wdrkS] cBS vkt b.kh*t xkaojh eM+dy xk;ka teha lwa?krh fQjS] pjck uSfr.kdyS jkS bZ dke uhaA vj fdrjkS /kkufuitrkS gkS b.kjS [ksrka&tkoka esaA NksVk&eksVkdjlka jS vBS FkGÓk&ewaMS ifM+;kS jSorkSAvkt /kku lwa xkj jh dksBh fi.k uha HkjhtSA?kjka esa tk;*j ns[kkS rkS ukt gkaMÓka esaykèkSA dkabZ tekukS vk;X;kS ns[krka&ns[krkabZ! dkabZ chtGh iM+h gS dS jke bZ fudGX;kSb.k xkao jkS rkSA djl.k jh c<ksrjh lk:fljdkj ckiM+h ?k.kh*t dkslhl jk[kS] ?k.kkbZ rjGk ysoS] i.k /kjrh bZ mÙkj ns nsoS tjSdkabZ gqoS!

b.k Hkkar ukUgks&eksVks dkrrks ijeks <ksyhdkaeGh jkS [kks*Y;kS vks<Óka pkSèkfj;ka jkS fxjkGkSikj djS gkSA ekFkS esa oha jS dwdM+h c.kS ykxhghA ftrjS rkS MkoS ilokM+S lwa gsykS vk;kS&^^vko] vko nekeh] b;ka dkabZ pkY;kS ijckjkSbZ\ vko] gkFk lsdyS FkksM+kA BkjkS cstka iM+SgSA**

ijeS jh dwdM+h jkS rkj VwV*j eka; jkSeka; rkdGS ekFkS Mks<kS&ckadkS yiVhtxkSA:bZ jh iw.kh fi.k ds csjkS dBhuS fcyk;xh!tho.k pkS/kjh jh vkokt fiNk.kh tjS jLrkSNsM*j lkadM+S vkorkS cksY;kS& ^iM+S dkabZ gSpkSèkjÓka] ukao cw>S gSA Egkjh Åej esa rkSvlh dks>h ljnh Egwa dks ns[kh uhaA**

^^ns[krkS dBS lwa\ cw<ht.k rkS geS ykfx;kSgSA vkorh lky FkuS vkstwa cslh ykxlhA**gedkGS vkokt eksou ukbZ jh ghA

ijeks FkksM+kS&lks eqGD;kSA uSM+kS vk;*jns[;kS& flxM+h /kIiG&/kIiG cG jS;h ghA[kstM+S jk rhu ?kkspk dha cslh ykack gks.k lwa

uhpS teha ekFkS rhu ilokM+S fVd ják gkvj okajk Åijyk cwaxk jkrk yky gq;ksM+kekFkS lwa ekFkkS tksM+*j yiV jh /ktk mMkrkEgk* eghuS jh BaM lwa tw> ják gkA

lkaEghlke cSBkS gkS tho.k tho.k pkSèkjh&?kednkj isp jkS /kksGkS iksfr;kS cka/;ka vj[kkaèkS nksoM+h dkeG vks<ÓkaA vksLFkk ipkluSM+h vk;ksM+h] rkS fi.k pSjS jkS jkSc&nkcns[k.k tksxA dkuka jh yksG rka.kh vk;ksM+hdyeka vj Hkfj;ksM+h Madnkj ewaNkaA ewaMSekFkS rsy i;ksM+h MkaxM+h ftlh iGiGkV]ft.k esa dns&dns lkaEgh iM+h flxM+h jkèkiGdk iGdSA the.kS ilokM+S ewafx;ka jaxjkS xksG&?kld jkS QsaVkS ckaf/k;ka vj MhyekFkS /kksGkS [kslykS Ugkafd;ka cSBÓkS gkS eksouukbZA thHk ekFkS lqjlrh cSBrhA ckr blhBkoh djrkS tk.kS VdlkG esa <G*j uhljhgqoSA lkaeyk uS iMwÙkj uha yk/krkSA vk[kjtks/kjke jkS xq.k dksbZ u dksbZ csVk esa rkSvko.kkS bZ gkSA i.k tks/kjkt nk: lwa trjkSvkarjkS jkf[k;kS] eksou crjkS bZ oha jS lkadM+SjákSA nk: ?k.kh ih.k lwa oha jkS pSjkS lkoirGkS iM+X;kS gkS vj gksB dkGwalhtX;k gkAb.k c[kr fi.k oha jS ewaMS lwa gGdh dlcwvk; jh ghA flxM+h jS MkoS ilokM+S jkrSiksfr;S ekFkS /kksGh ?kw?kh vks<Óka cSBkS gS lkaorkSxwtj& pkGhl jS yaxS&<axS] i.k xksjh pkeM+hekFkS vksLFkk jh lGka gky m?kM+h uha ghA

mdM+wa cSB*j ijeks vkijk gkFk [kks*Y;Slwa ckjS dkf<;k vj flxM+h jk /kiGdka esaokauS ;wa mYV&iqYV dj.k ykxkS] tk.kS gkFkuha] cktjS jk flêk lsd jákS gqoSA FkksM+kSfuokl vk;kS tjS <wMh Vsd*j vkjke lwacSBX;kSA

lkaorS jkS ?kj iDdkS c.k jákS gkSA ohadkauh ewaMkS Qsj*j pkS/kjh cwÖ;kS& ^FkkjS deBSjkS dkabZ gky gS\ ifê;ka p<xh gqlh vktrkS\**

vsd ?kkspS lwa flxM+h jk [khjk vk?kk&ikNk

73

djrkS lkaorkS iMwÙkj fn;kS& ^^dBS p<xhpkS/kjh\ vktdky jk etwj U;ky djS gSdkabZ\ iks*j [kaM fnu pf<;ka iS*yh rkS vkoSbZ dksuhA nks&nks okj okauS cqyk.k [kkrjtkÅa vj ft;ka&fr;ka HkkbZ&chjkS dj]iksVk&iksVw*j Y;kÅa rkS vkorka bZ ?ksjkS ?kky*jfpye iho.k uS cSB tkoSA dke ekFkS dkabZvkoS tk.kS EgkjS ekFkS vSlku djSA jhl rkSEguS v.kwarh bZ vkoS] i.k d:a dkabZ] etcwjhjkS ukao egkRek xkaèkhA vkt fi.k lwjteFkkjS vk;kS tBk rka.kh rkS gkFk bZ uha ?kkY;kSifê;ka esa] tk.kS oka jS ykjS lkai cSBÓkS gqoSAQsj nks*jk&lks*jk gks;*j uhB vkB ifê;kap<kbZ] ftrjS rkS fnu rqjrqjÓksd jS;X;kSAcksY;k dS OgSxkS dke vkt jkS rkSA**

eksou ukbZ lwa jSo.kh dksuh vk;kSA èkksrhjk fpYyk lkFkGka jS iGsV*j xksMka ekFkS[khaprkS okS ÅdM+w gks;X;kSA cksY;kS& ^^gSdBS etwj\ ikap&pkj <adG gq;ksM+k uoknwNksjk\ oka jk cki bZ djh dns etwjh\ etwjhdj.k vkGS jS Mhy esa vkslka.k pkbZtS]vkslka.kA Fkkjyk vS etwfj;k P;kj t.kka HksGkgks;*j lkadGka ?kky*j Åap rkS ysoS iêh] i.koha uS ys*j pkyS tjS gsBkuh ixka jk VkaVÓkyM+SA bYY;ka gS bYY;ka /kku jh] T;kauS ihapkSrkS ik.kh uhljS& jxr jkS rkS yoysl bZdksuhA**

ydM+h jk cwaxk cGrk&cGrk Nsrh[kk;X;k gkA oka jk [khjk >kM+*j ekFkk ikNktksM+*j [kokl vkstwa l: gks;X;kS& ^^vjlkph cw>S pkSèkjh rkS bL;k ekSdka ekFkS lqjtksuk;d ;kn vkoSA gksrkS vkt fcykyks rkSvsdykS bZ rhl ifê;ka vsd fpye ihokaftrjh nsj esa& lM+Z--- lM+Z--- tjS bZ ljdknsorkSA

^^vsdykS iêh p<k nsorkS\** lkaorS jhvka[;ka bpjt lwa pkSM+h gks;xhA eksou ukbZjk xksMk vkap lwa riX;k gkA nks;wa gkFkka lwa

okauS iaiksGrkS okS ykjS ljd*j tckc nsorkS]m.k iS*yh rkS ijeks <ksyh ÅdM+w gks;*j l:gq;X;kS& ^^vkSj ub± rkS dkabZ nqdsykS\ EgkjS:c: jh ckr gSA ok dwaV nhlS gS ds] cBSlkgth lk jh gsyh c.k jh ghA ifê;ka p<.khghA dkjhxj ¼lqjtks½ iêh >syck [kkrj HkharekFkS cSBkS gkSA gsBS pkj etwjÓk dwdfj;ka jhft;k a iêh l w a mG> ják gkAmMhdrka&mMhdrka dkjhxj vk?krkS gq;X;kSAlsoV [kk; cwacG*j gsBS dwn vk;kS vj èkksrhjk [kks*tk VkadrkS cksY;kS& ^ijS gks tkokS jsuktksxka! lkr fnuka jk mokL;k gkS dkabZ\vkxS tk*j HkkBkS bZ rkS gS] lhlkS rkS vkFkdksuh! vk?kh EgsykS Fkkajh vS lkadGka&QkadGkavj cSB tkokS vkarjS tk*jA*

^^Mhy esa cha jS] ds csjkS gM+ekuth vk;kdS HkS:ath] vkMh iêh tks/kiqj jh ck*jk QqVhiêh jh dksjka xS*jh >kyh vj tksj jh vsd^gqe~* jS lkxS exjka jkS >kykS ns*j Åap yhAvkneh dkabZ gks ctjkd gkSA ukUgk&ukUgkikaoMk EgsyrkS ynk.k ekFkS vkèkkS bZ dksuhpf<;kS] tha iS*yh rkS iêh jkS vkxykS cwaxkSmrjknh Hkhar ekFkS Egsy fn;kSA Qsj ik/kjkSgq;*j ykjyS cwaxS uS& vkika VS.k jkS píjidM+ka& ft;ka idM+*j fn[k.kknh Hkhar ekFkSEgsy fn;kSA vk/kh dykd rka.kh ok ^gqe~*^gqe~* pkyrh jgh vj ifê;ka lVkd&lVkdEgsyhtrh xbZA etwfj;k lkal jksfd;ka]lkai&lwa?;ksM+k&lk fpjcG&fpjcG ns[krkjákA iwjh ckbZl ifê;ka Egsy*j ilso lwaUgk;ksM+kS okS ckjyS uheM+S jh fN;ka dkauhpkY;kS tn oha jh lkFkGka jh QwY;ksM+h eNfy;kajkS lGlGkV ns[k*j yksxka jkS tho èkkfi;kSApwuS jk [kkyh rlGk ekFkS fy;ka lkxS dkedj.k okGh etnwjf.k;ka jk eu rkS MksyjghaMS p<X;kA

^^?kj /k.kh lkgth lk [kqn vsd lkSbX;kjS yacj jkS fryd yxk;ka lks&dha ns[k

74

ják gk& vk Mh?kh iwtrh dk;k] vj vkpkSM+h Nkrh ftdh b.k c[kr Hkjhft;ksM+Slkal jS lepS] ch*r ch*r Hkj Åaph&uhphgq; jS;h( Hkfj;ksM+S pS*jS ekFkS vS--- eksVk&eksVkvkaf[k;ka jk MksGk] ft.kka eka;yk jkrk MksjkxS*jk yky gq;ksM+k( ihafM;ka] lkFkGka vjcwfd;ka ekFkS tk.kS ihaM EgsY;ksM+k( isV eka;èkafl;ksM+kS vjirGh uk*j ftlh dej( yhySHkkBS lwa dksj*j tk.kS ewjr dk<h gqoS( [kjknekFkS p<k*j tk.kS mrkfj;kS gqoS& vL;kS okSl:i ykx jákSA lkgth lk lkadM+S vk*jFkqFkdkjkS Ugka[krk cksY;k& /ku gS HkkbZ lqjtkFkuS Fkwa b.k xkao jS ik.kh jh ykt gSA cMsjkdSaork vk;k gS dS uj jh ihaMh jkS eksy uhavj vkneh jh rkdr jkS dwarkS uha] lks lq.khrkS dsbZ okj] i.k vkt vkaf[k;ka ns[kh gSA

lqjtkS cksY;kS& ^^lks rks ek;ri.kkS gSFkkajkS] i.k ukjsG&vkjsG dksuh c/kkj.kkS dkabZ\**

lkgth lk tk.kS ÅapS lwa ifM+;kA cjlkalwa dekbZ [kkrj ijnsl jSo.k eka;dj vlht:jh jhr rdkr jh okauS lq/k uha vkbZA geSmEght*j uSM+S bZ ÅHkS vkijS csVS lwa cksY;k&^^ft;k js jketh nks&P;kjsd ukjsG eka; lwaAnkrkjh esa jketh fi.k cki lwa nks; gkFk vkxSgkSA vk/kh cksjh ukjsGka jh dPpksM+S ?kj esaiM+h gh] lks ft;ka jh fr;ka Y;k; Egsyhckj.kSA lS dkjhxjka vj etwjka uS U;kjkS&U;kjkSukjsG fefG;kSA vBhuS lqjtS jS gkFk esaukjsG vk;kS] vBhuS okS Egsy oha uS pkarjS jSHkkBS ekFkS vj tksj lwa ekfj;kS eqDdkS& tk.kS?k.k ifM+;kS gqoS yqgkj jkS& vj Mk<h lw/kSukjsG jh fpVdka fc[kjxhA**

ijeS <ksyh jh dwdM+h jkS rkxkS vkS:afi.k uha VwVrkS] i.k b.k fcpkGS pkS/kjh vsduwaoks ?kkspkS Egsy fn;kS gkS flxM+h esa] ftdkSdha vkykS gqo.k lwa /kqaokS nS.k ykX;kSA ck;jSjh lks; lwa /kqaokS ik/kjkS ijeS jh vkaf[;ka esaiwfx;kSA flxM+h esa Qwad nS.k jh ctk; nekeh

ykjS ljd*j <waMh Vsd nhA lkaorkS vj eksoufcyX;k ftdkS ekj&ekj Qwadka vj ikNh /kiGdS p<k; nh flxM+h uS

tho.k cksY;kS& ^vs· cha fnu rkS Egwa gkSdksuh xkao esaA m.kjS nwtS fnu jh ckr gSAvksbZ dksbZ iks*jsd fnu pf<;kS gqlhA Egwafloth HkwrM+S jh nqdku ekFkS cSBkS gkS dSlqjtks vk;kS cBS dha lkSnks yso.k uS flothoha uS cwÖ;kS dS Egs rks lq.kh lqjtk dk*y FkwaeqDdh jh ns;*j Mk<hnkj ukjsG QksM+ Ugkaf[k;kS]ftdh lkph ckr gS dkabZ\ lqjtkS eqGd*JdákS dS lsBka] vsdykS ckbZl iêh pk<h] thajh lkap rkS cw>h dksuh] ukjsG QksM+ck jhHkyh cw>h! ckiM+S vsd ukjsG jkS dkabZ rkSQksM+.kkS\ gka] vycÙkk nks; ujsG vsd.klkxS QksM+ck jkS ekSdkS vkoS tjS dha Bk iM+SAnks; jk vkauk v<kbZ ykxS ckith] dBk lwaykÅa xjhc vkneh\ floth cksY;kS& eu jhdk<.kh gqoS tjS rkS ykÅaA QksM+ uka[kS rkSukjsG Fkkjk] uharj Egwa ikNk Egkjh nqdku esaEgsy ysL;waA lqjtks gkeh Hkjh] tjS flotheka; tk;*j cksjh eka; lwa mdjkG&mdjkG*jnks; uqaoka vj lPpe ukjsG VkG ijk*jY;k;kSA lqjtks nqdku jS nklS ekFkS nksuwaukjsGka uS vkMk] mijkFkGh Egsy*j MkoS gkFklwa Åijyk ukjsG uS dkBkS <kc fy;kSA tho.kheqDdh rka.k*j Åaph ys;X;kS tBS rka.kh rkS BkgS] i.k ds csjks dn] ck chtGh c.k*j iM+hdS vsd fpVd mNG*j Egkjh Mkoh vka[k jSÅij& b.k txka ykxh] tn Bk iM+h dSukjsG nksuwa fc[kjX;k gkA**

lkaorkS nksuwa gkFkka lwa ixka jh [kkt[kqtGkrkS cksY;kS& ^ckbQqUuk tqok ?k.kk vks--- vBS rkSA ok<Óka EgsySA** [kokl dákS&^^FkkjkS yksgh ehBkS gSA EgkjS rkS uSM+k bZ dksuhvkoSA lkaorkS FkksM+kS&lks eqGD;kS vj yktkaejrkS&lks cksY;kS dS EgkjS FkksM+kS pwuS jkSbartke dj.kkS gS] ftdkS Egwa rkS geSa pkyL;wa

75

jS Hkk;ka!** Qsj vkijh ?kw?kh uS tpk;] gkFkka uSm.kjS eka; ydksorkS okS ÅHkkS gq;X;kS vjcghj ifM+;kSA va/kkjS esa tkorh èkksGh ?kw?khFkksM+h rkG rkS nhlrh jgh] Qsj gksGS&gksGSvyksi gq;xhA

rek[kw jkS ydM+h jkS xêkS] ft.kjS ewaMSesa fpye fi.k Qal jS;h gh] mBk*j [kokldkauh vk?kkS djrkS pkS/kjh cksY;kS& ^^Hkj jseksou vsd fpyeM+h!** eksou iMwÙkj fn;kSdS dkabZ djck uS\ dq.k dkGtkS ckGS QkÅbZ\ iho.k tksxh pht jh rkS cw>h dks;uh vjfpyeM+h dj nh vkxS!** le>nkj uS rkSblkjkS bZ dkQhA pkS/kjh eqGd ijks*j ÅBÓkSvj gsyh jS eka; ijkS x;kSA ckofM+;kS ikNkS]tjS nksoM+h dkeG eka; lwa gkFk ckjS dk<nk: jh cksry [kokl jS eqaMkxS Egsy nhA jaxns[krka bZ eksou vj ijeks nksuwa fiNka.k yhdS xqykc* gS] vj pSjk fi.k nks;ka jk xqykcftL;k bZ f[kyX;kA eksou MkV [kksy ijks*jnk: esa vkaxGh McksbZ vj ekrkth jS ukao lwaNkaVk Åijkauh gok esa mMk;kA Qsj rhuwat.kka ckjh&ckjh lwa cksry jS ewaMkS psM psM*jxqVD;ka yso.k ykX;kA eSfQy texhAFkksM+h&lh rjkZVh vkbZ vj dkuM+k dha rkrkgq;k tjS eksou cksY;kS& ^^geS rkS Hkj ijekfpyeM+h!**

vkaxGh lwa dqpj&dqpj*j ijeks xêS lwarek[kw dk<h vj gFksGh ekFkS Egsy*j the.kSgkFk jS vaxwBS lwa Mka[kGka uS elGÓkA dkadjhuS ukG jS ewaMS tpk;*j fpye esa rek[kwnkc&nkc*j HkjhA Qsj nks; ?kkspka jS phafi;Slwa vsd ukUgks&lks [khjks flxM+h eka; lwadk<*j fpye ekFkS tpk;kS vj gksGS&gksGSlkjhA tho.k ?kwaV ys;*j cksryM+h ijekdkauh vk?kh djh tjS ijeks fpyeM+h eksouuS idM+kbZA ?kwaV Hkj*j ijeks cwÖ;kS dS vkckr Egkjh le> esa dksuh vkoS dS ok bZ

nkG&jksVh lqjtks [kkrks vj ok bZ nkG&jksVhvkika [kkoka] i.k---\**

fpye jkS /kqaokS NksMrkS eksou cksY;kS&^^vjs--- [kk;ka lwa dkabZ gqoS] gte gkso.kkSpkbZtSA ?k.kkS pks[kkS [kkoS] ftdka uS ?k.khcsxh flxj.kh gksoS vj Qsj rjM+ÓkS djrkfQjSA lS*jka lwa vkoS dksuh dkabZ fiykanjkifM+;k lsB&lkgwdkj vki.kka cSnjktth duSijiVÓka yso.k [kkrj\ vk[kkS&vk[kkS fnuxknh&rfd;ka ekFkS xqfM+;k jSoS vj ?kM+h nks;?kM+h flaÖ;k jh VSe ?kwe.k uS tkoS] rkS eksVjkaesaA iNS [kk;kS&ih;kS gte gqoS dhdj\ jksfV;kaoka jS isV esa m.kh*t rfj;ka iM+h jSoS ft.kHkkar iS*yh dVksjnku esa iM+h gqrhA vsddVksjnku lwa dk<*j nwtS dVksjnku ¼isV½ esaEgsy nso.k lwa jksfV;ka Mhyka FkksM+h ykxS! lksgkteks cMh pht gSA lqjtS jkS gktekStcjnLr gkSA HkkBk fi.k [kk tkorkS rkSgte gq; tkorkA Fkwa gkS uha js pkS/kjh]tkslhth Egkjkt jS iksrS jkeslj jh tkau esa--- lSalM+S\** pkS/kjh ekFkkS gyk;*j crk;kS dSdksuh gkSA

^^tjS fdlS fcy esa cM+*j cSBX;kS gkS\xkao esa rkS ykjS cw<k&BkMk fx.krh jk vknehjS;X;k gkA fclh tkau Egwa rkS Egkjh ftuxhesa ns[kh uhaA xkMÓka lwa xkMÓka tqM+xh vjchan jkS jFk BsV lFkk.kS jS vkisVS iwapX;kStrjS dksBhxMkS vki.kh vkdjÓka esa bZ ifM+;kSgkSA tkau lSalM+S iwxh tn lkEgykS /k.kheaxth mikf/k;ks vk*j tkslhth uS gkFk tksM+*jdákS dS ckith] tkauh rkS brjk Y;k;kftdk pks[kk i.k brjk cGnka [kkrj pkjkSEgwa dBS lwa Y;klwa\ tkslhth vkdjk ifM+;k&rkS dkabZ--- QkVxh\ y[kirh jkS--- c.;kS fQjSgS\ EgkauS ikGk cqyko.k jkS eu gks dkabZ\ikxM+k uha ÅapS rkS >sfy;k D;wa gk\ HkykSfQdj dfj;kSA gekj ikNh tqrk nsL;wa

76

vkB&nl xkMÓka] ftdh vkFk.k rkabZ HkjpkjkS vj ys vklh EgkjS xkao lwaA

^^nwtS fnu ijHkkrS [khpM+h&ckVka jh dPphjlksbZ gks.kh ghA jhr eqtc iqjlxkjh jkS ?khikl djkck [kkrj C;kgh eaxth vsd pjh esa?kh Hkj*j tkau jS MsjS Y;k;kA m.k cxrtkslhth vey xkG*j elan yxk;ka] xknhekFkS cSBk gksdkS ih ják gkA MkoS ilokM+ScSBÓk gk HkksGwth pkS/kjh] oka jk [kkle[kklvj the.kS ilokM+S cSBÓk gk Egkjyk dkdksthtks/kjkt ukbZA pjh Egsy*j eaxth tkteekFkS bZ cSB.k ykX;k tn tkslhth ÅB*JokauS gkFk idM+*j vkijS tksM+S xknh ekFkSfcBk;kA gksdS jh uGh uS C;kghth jS ewaMkxSdjh] gkykadS tkslhth tk.krk gk dS eaxthrek[kw ihoS dksuhA eaxth lsrh cBS cSBÓk lSt.kka eqGfd;kA iNS vkijS iksrS eka; lwavey jk dqVdk gFksGh ekFkS ys;*j oka jSewaMkxS dfj;k] ft.kka eka; lwa vsd NksVh&lhddkadjh uS mBk*j ewaMS esa ys yha

^^gksdS jh uGh uS ikNh ewaMS esa ysorktkslhth cksY;k& dj js tks/kjkt ?kh jhfiNka.kA dkdksth vkaxGh Mcks*j ?kh ns[;kS&dlcw yhA cksY;k& ?kh lkarjkS gSA

HkksGwth pkS/kjh fi.k nsf[k;kS vj rkjhQdjhA ?kh ikl gq;X;kSA

^^lqjtkS fi.k cBS cSBÓkS gkS] ykjyS ilokM+SvkSjka jS lkxSA oha lwa cw>.kh vk;X;kS& b± pjhesa drjksd ?kh gS tteku\ eaxth viwBkeqM+*j lqjtS dkauh ehaV cka/k*j nsf[k;kSAcksY;k& gqlh vksbZ dksbZ iwa.khd P;kj lsjAD;wa--- ih.kkS gS dkabZ\

&ub±] v;ka bZ cwÖ;ks gksA vj Fks dSokS gkstteku] rks ih ysL;kaA

&vk/kkS&ij/kkS dS iwjkS bZ\&iwjkS bZ ih ysL;ka] vk/kkS&ij/kkS D;wa\&nLrka NwV tkoSyh] rjM+ÓkS djrk

fQjksykA

&vsdj tkÅa tteku fueVck [kkrj]tdkS rkS tkÅayk bZA nwth okj yksVkS mBkÅarkS gkFk idM+ yhT;kSA

&tjS ihokS ijk] Egs bZ ns[kkaAlqjtkS ÅB*j vkxS vk;kSA vsd djh u

nks;] mBk; pjh vj ewaMkS VsD;kS tdkSxVd&xVd&xVd--- pjh [kkyh gq;ka bZvk?kkS djÓkSA exth jkS ewaMkS ns[kkS rkS Fkki[kk;ksM+kSA**

cksryM+h jkS ihankS vk;X;kS tjS tho.k ohauS flxM+h jS gsBS xqM+dk; nhA ijeks èkqaokSNksM*j fpye eksou dkauh vk?kh djhA nksuwagkFkka esa fpye <kc*j eksou lQ&lQ djrkSvsd tksj jkS lQhM+ yxk;kS vj èkqaoS uSdkGtS esa mrkj fy;kS] tBS lwa okS gksGS&gksGS]jerkS&jerkS ÅapkS vk*j ukd jS jLrS ckjSfudGrkS jákSA

fpye >syrka tho.k cksY;kS& ^^Egwa rkSm.k fnu jkr ifM+;ka esM+rS lwa ikNkS vk;kStjS lq.kh dS lqjtks rkS vkt nk: ih*jejxkSA okS blh v.kwarh rkS dksuh ihorkS gkS]Qsj vk ckr c.kh fd;ka\**

eksou iMwÙkj fn;kS] ^vth] tksx VGS gSdkabZ\ fnuwaxS fljko.k dj*j jkth&[kqlhdeBS ekFkS oghj gq;kS tjS dq.k tk.kh gh dSoha jkS vkt jkS fnu vkaFkSykS uhaA ?kj lwa ckjSuhljÓkS bZ gkS dS x< jS njh[kkuS esa cSBÓkBkdj lk*c ckjh eka; lwa bZ gsykS ikM+fy;kS& vko js lqjtk] vkoA deBS ekFkS rkSjksthuk bZ tkoSA vsd fnu uk?kk bZ lghAlqjtkS tk.kX;kS dS vkt rkS Bkdj fnuwaxS bZcksry [kksy yh nhlSA x< jh fN;ka esa oha jkcki&nknk ihf<;ka lwa jSork vk;k] ftdkScsjkth fd;ka djrkS Bkdjka uS\ e> nksQkjkackofM+;kS x< lwa rkS vkaf[k;ka jk Mksjk jkrkyky gkS EgsY;k gkA D;wa uha m.kh*t c[kr ohajS NksjS ukjka.k jS lxi.k jh ckrphr dj.klk: dM+Sy lwa ikao.kk vk tkoS\ vsd fnu

77

vkxS&ykjS dksuh vk ldk gk dkabZ\ i.ktksx iho.kkS gkSA

^^HkkoS tksx Egwa cBh lwa uhljÓkSA lqjtksEguS uSM+kS cqyk*j dákS dS xksG >waiS esa nks;ekpk <kG nS vj Nkau eka; lwa yk;*j ik.khjh eVdh fVeph ekFkS Egsy nSA Egwa vS dkefuosM+wa] tk iS*yh rkS okS dykG jS ?kj lwa&uSM+kSbZ rkS gS&nks; cksryka ukjaxh jh fy;k;kSAvsd ekpS ekFkS nksuwa ikao.kk cSfB;k vj nwtksM+SekFkS lqjtks vsdykSA cBhuS Nkau esa jksVÓkajh R;kjh gq; jS;h gh] tBS lwa vsd ckVdS esapkj&ikapsd dkank dVht*j vk;X;kA Egwapky.k ykX;kS tjS lqjtks cksY;kS& cSB&cSB]tkoS dBS gS\ [kksy cksryM+hA vsd cksry jkSMkV [kksy*j Egwa nsorka jkS NkaVkS mNkGÓkSvj cksry ikao.kka dkauh vk?kh djhA gksGS&gksGSeSfQy texhA

^^vsd cksry fuBh ftrjS ikao.kka rkSrUuSV gks;X;k vj gkFk tksM+ fy;kA EgkjhthHk fi.k vkaVkS [kkoS ykxh vj ekFkS esapdjh ghaMkS pkyX;kSA lqjtS jh vka[;ka jkMksGk& vS [khjk gS d flxM+h esa&blk jkrkyky gq;X;kA EgkjS dkauh ns[k*j lqjtks dákS&^^[kksy js eksou nwtksM+h] ikao.kk jh euokjrkS gky djh bZ dksuhA Egwa dákS& dSikao.kk rkS vcS dksuh vjksxS vj Fks fi.k geSajSo.k nksA ?kh jh pjh dksuh gS ftdkS--!

^^futjka dkabZ ?kqekbZ] nks cGcGrk [khjkEgkjS pSjS ekFkS Egsy fn;kA Egwa eka; rka.khèkwtX;kSA EgkjS gkFkka uS cksry [kksy.kh iM+hvj ikao.kka jh euokj dj.kh iM+h] i.k oS D;waiho.k ykX;k\ ewaMkS psM&psM*j cksry lqjtSduS iqxk; nhA vkika cGnka uS ukG nsoka gkad] ft;ka okS Åij lwa bZ Mx Mx Mxvkèkh*d cksry ewaMS esa Åa/kk yh vj cksryEguS f>ykorkS cksY;kS& yS] ih·A FkuS FkkjSekuS ftdka jh vka.k gS uha ihoh rkSA Qsj vsdchM+h flGxk*j ekpS ekFkS vkMkS gks;X;kS vj

xk.kkS xkoS ykX;kSA Egwa lksph dS b± uS geSauhan fpi tkoS rkS pks[kh] i.k dq.k tk.;kSdS okS rkS cMksM+h uhan jh mMhd esa gSA

^îkNkS ÅB*j cSBkS gq;X;kSA dksbZ dhadSoS] tk iS*yh rkS cksry mBk*j cfp;ksM+hnk: fi.k i/kjk yh vj [kkyh cksry uS tehaekFkS xqM+k; nhA EgSa rhuwa t.kka MjX;k vjEgkajkS ulkS mrjX;kSA pka.kpdh cksY;kS& vjseksou] EgkjS ekFkS esa vkS <heM+kS pkyS gS tdkSrkS Bhd] i.k b± jh iuM+h ekGtknh vk?kM+h&?kM+h esa iM+S gS d [kVh---M+ [kVhM+& b±uS ijh rksM+*j cxk js!

^Êgwa ns[;kS dS vkS lhr esa vk;ksM+kS gqoST;wa fd;ka dj.k ykxX;kSA trjS rkS dqM+R;SuS [kksy*j cxk fn;kS vj cksY;kS& vk ika.khjh eVdh EgkjS ekFkS Åa/kk nS] cGr QwV j;hgSA

^êVdh jkS ika.kh ekFkS vkorkS uha nhL;kS]tjS okS ekpS lwa ÅBÓkS] i.k [kk; xj.kkVh*jikNkS iM+X;kSA Qsj ÅBÓkS vj >waiS jS ckj.kSlwa uhlj*j lkaEgyS dksgj jS dksBS dkauhpkY;kS& v/kj ixka] MkoS&tho.kS ghaMk[kkorkS& T;wa ck;jS esa :bZ jkS pwa[kkS mMS&tk.kS vkaèkh jS QVdkjka esa ika;ka jkS fHkaVksjkSekjx lksèk jákS gqoSA dksBkS rkS dksBkS] [ksGhrka.kh fi.k uha iwX;kS gkS dS vka[;ka ekFkS dkpfQjX;kSA [ksGh jS ckjyS [kkcwfp;S jS dknS&ik.khesa xMwjM+k jeS gk] ft.kka jS fcpkGS tk;ifM+;kS& /kM+he! Mfj;ksM+k xMwj dknkS mNkGrkckjS HkkT;kA oka eka; lwa nks;sd [kkcwfp;S jSlkadM+k ÅHkk FkksM+h rkG pwa&pwa djrk ják]tk.kS cw>rk gqoS dS vkS vtc&xtc jkS xMwjdBS lwa vk;kSA feaV nl&ikapsd ykxh vjokS ukM+ Ugka[k nhA**

ijeS vj tho.k uS flxM+h jS [khjka esa?k.kh rkG lqjtks nhlrkS jákS& dknS esadGhT;ksM+kS] ne rksM+rkSA

zz

78

vc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkcGhrkS¾bZa/ku ¼tykÅ ydM+h½A VksVks¾dehA BkjS¾B.M+ ¼lnhZ½A vk[kS¾iwjS ¼lEiw.kZ½AdBQkM+ka&QkfM+;ksMh ydM+hA eqjnks¾'ko ¼yk'k½A :fl;ks¾ukjktA e>¾chpA mUgkGS¾xehZesaA eM+dy¾nqcyh&iryhA ukt¾vuktA cw>S¾iwNSA vksLFkk¾mejA dlcw¾xa/kAvSlku¾,glkuA vksatw cslh¾vksj Hkh vf/kdA gsBkuh¾uhps lsA mckL;k¾Hkw[kk ¼mioklfd;ksM+k½A ikGk¾iSnyA viwBk¾ihNsA lsj¾rkSy dh bdkbZA pk.kpdh¾vpkudAxj.kkVh¾pDdjA >kyh¾idM+hA ilso¾ilhukA ekpk¾[kkVA lkSnks¾pht&cLrA gksGS¾gksGS¾èkhjsèkhjsA QkÅ¾QksxVA rkrk¾xjeA gte gkso.kkS¾ip.kkSA fn[k.kknh¾nf{k.k fnlk esaAlxi.k¾lxkbZA rklkS¾raxh] dehA xksMk&xksMka.kh¾¼xksMka rkabZ½ xksMka lwa.khA eM+dy¾FkkdksM+kS]irGkS] nqcGkSA


fodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- ^lwjtks uk;d^ laLej.k fd.k iksFkh lwa lkfey djhT;kS gS&

¼v½ mf.k;kjk vksGÓwa r.kk ¼c½ jksof.k;k nklk¼l½ vksGwa jh vf[k;krka ¼n½ eu lwa dnS u ohljS

¼ ½2- xkao esa cGhrS rdkr jkS VksVkS vk;X;kS&

¼v½ [ksr [kM+.k lwa ¼c½ vdkG iM-.k lwa¼l½ /kjrh mrj ns.kS lwa ¼n½ :[kka jh dVkÃ lwa

¼ ½3- ^^vko gkFk lsdyS FkksM+k] Bkjks cstka iM+S gSA*^ vk ckr dq.k fd.kuS dgh&

¼v½ pkS/kjh ijeS uS ¼c½ eksgu ijeS uS¼l½ ijeS lkaorS uS ¼n½ lkaorS eksgu uS

¼ ½4- ^^HkkoS Ã tksx EgSa cBh lwa uhljÓkSA** cBh lwa dq.k uhljÓkS&

¼v½ eksgu ¼c½ lkaorks¼l½ lqjtks ¼n½ tks/kjkt

¼ ½

lko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- tks/kjkt vkijS tho.k esa fd.k pht lwa ?k.kkS vkarjkS jkf[k;kS\2- lkgth uS fd.k jhr jh lq/k uha vkÃ\3- ^xkao jS ika.kh jh ykt^ fd.kuS crk;kS x;kS gS\4- flxM+h jk [khjka esa dq.k nhlrkS jS;kS\

79

NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- laLej.k vj js[kkfprjkae esa varj Li"V djkS\2- ^^lkgth lk tk.kS ÅapS lwa ifM+;kA** lkgth jh vk xr D;wa gqÃ\3- ^^le>nkj uS blkjkS dkQhA** b.k vksGh jkS vkl; Li"V djkS\4- vjS [kk;ka lwa dkaÃ gqoS] gte gkso.kkS pkbZtSA** vk vksGh dq.k fd.kjS lk: dS;h\

ys[k:i iM-wrj okGk lokyys[k:i iM-wrj okGk lokyys[k:i iM-wrj okGk lokyys[k:i iM-wrj okGk lokyys[k:i iM-wrj okGk loky1- lwjtS jh rkdr jkS c[kk.k dj.k okGh nks ?kVukoka jkS [kqyklSokj oj.ku djkSA2- ^vks laLej.k gdhdr jkS c[kka.k djrka Fkdka lgh ekjx pky.k jkS blkjkS djSA^

lgefr&vlgefr ckcr vkijk fopkj izdV djkSA3- b.k laLej.k jh x| 'kSyh jh folslrkoka uaS nk[kyk ns;*j le>kokSA4- ^lwjtks uk;d^ laLej.k jkS lansl vkijS lcnka es foLrkj lwa mtkxj djkSA5- uhspS fnjhth vksfG;ka jh ijlaxkÅ O;k[;k djkS&¼v½ e> ÅukGS tksgM+ esa nkscM+h ÅHkh jSorh xksMka&xksMka.kh] tBS uSM+k&uSM+k xkaoka jkS /ku

<wdrkS] cBS vkt b.kh*t xkao jh eM+dy xk;ka teha lwa?krh fQjS] pjcka uaS fr.kdyS jkSÃ dke uhaA vj fdrjkS /kku fuitrkS gkS b.kjS [ksrka&tkoka esaA NksVk&eksVk djlka jS vBSFkGÓka&ewaMS ifM+;kS jSorkSA vkt /kku lwa xkj jh dksBh fi.k uha HkjhtSA

¼c½ vktdky jk etwj U;ky djS gS dkaÃ \ iks^j [kaM fnu pf<;ka iS^yh rkS vkoS Ã dksuhAnks&nks ckj okauS cqyk.k [kkrj tkÅa vj ft;ka fr;ka HkkÃ&chjkS dj] iksVk iksVw*j Y;kÅarkS vkorka Ã ?ksjkS ?kky*j fpye iho.k uS cSB tkoSA dke ekFkS dkaÃ vkoS] tk.kS EgkjS ekFkSvSlku djSA

80

js[kkfprjkaejs[kkfprjkaejs[kkfprjkaejs[kkfprjkaejs[kkfprjkae

eD[k.klkeD[k.klkeD[k.klkeD[k.klkeD[k.klk

Jhyky uFkey tks'khJhyky uFkey tks'khJhyky uFkey tks'khJhyky uFkey tks'khJhyky uFkey tks'kh

ys[kd&ifjpSys[kd&ifjpSys[kd&ifjpSys[kd&ifjpSys[kd&ifjpSJhyky uFkey tks'kh jkS tue 22 Qjojh] 1922 uS chdkusj esa gks;kSA ekrk Jherh dsljckbZjS jktLFkkuh Hkklk vj yksd&lkfgR; jS xEHkhj Kku jkS oka ekFkS ?k.kkS izHkko ifM+;kSA Jh tks'khjktLFkkuh jk pkok&Bkok vj [;krukao lkfgR;dkj gkA m.kka jh dsbZ iksF;ka NI;ksM+h gS] ft.kkaesa izeq[k gS& vkHkS iVdh] /kksjka jks /kksjh] vsd chu.kh nks; chan ¼miU;kl½] lcM+dk¼js[kkfprjkae½] vki.kk ckiwth ¼tho.kh½] ij.;ksM+h daokjh] eSanh d.ksj vj xqykc ¼dgk.kh&laxzS½]u`flagfxfj Lrks= ¼dfork½A egrkÅ jpukoka lwa jktLFkkuh uS c/kkokS nso.k jS dkj.k okauS ?k.kkbZ buke vj lEeku feGÓkA lu~ 1959&60 esa okauS ckafB;k iqjLdkj feGÓkSA 1979 esajktLFkku lkfgR; vdkneh] mn;iqj lwa foflLV lkfgR;dkj lEeku feGÓkSA eSanh d.ksj vjxqykc* ¼dgk.kh&laxzS½ ekFkS jktLFkkuh Hkk"kk] lkfgR; ,oa laLÑfr vdkneh jkS iqjLdkjfeGÓkSA ^gdwer turk jh* jS jktLFkkuh vuqokn lk: okauS lkfgR; vdknseh] fnYyh jkSvuqokn iqjLdkj feGÓkSA tks'kh laiknd jS :i esa ywaBh iSB jk[krkA lu~ 1983 esa jktLFkkuljdkj dkuh lwa fgoM+S jkS mtkl* jkS laiknu dfj;kSA lu~ 1991 esa ;qx&n'kZu* jkS laiknudfj;kSA

ikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSeD[k.klk js[kkfprjkae okajh iksFkh lcM+dk* lwa fyjhT;kS gSA eD[k.klk feu[kka tSM+k feu[kgqork Fkdka bZ lksGokSa lksukS gSA HkykabZ oS dkGk gS] dkstk gS] Mjiksd gS] ?k.k[kkÅ gSA i.kpksj&pkj dksuhA jkoGk eka; m.kka jh lh/kh ,UVªh* gSA lksukS HkykabZ m.kka jS ixka esa iM+ÓkSgqoSA m.kuS oS èkwM+ cjkcj fx.krkA b.k lxGh folslrkoka lwa eafMr gS& eD[k.klk* jkS vkSjs[kkfp=ke] tdkS ?k.kkS vaxst.k tksx gSA

eD[k.klkeD[k.klkeD[k.klkeD[k.klkeD[k.klk

eD[k.klk jh Åej vckj dksbZ bdrkGhl&c;kaGhl gqoSyh] i.k ckrka gky rkabZ VkcjkaokGh djSA jax rkS jketh jS ?kj lwa dkGkS bZikarh vk;kS] i.k Mhy jk iwjk gS& ÅaB lwaFkksM+&lkd uhpk jSoSA ixj[kh jkS vtw.kkSdjÓksM+kS bZ le>kSA C;ko&lkoS esa ekFkS ÅijcksnkS&lksnkS ispkS ca/kk; yslh] dksV uokS

iSjlh] i.k dksV jS eka; xath dk deht dksgqoSuhA /kksrh iSjlh /kqvkÅ] i.k cka/kS blh<hyh <cG tk.kS vckj [kqyh] ?kM+h uS [kqyhAeuS rkS ?k.kh ckj vkS Mj ykxS dS d.kSbZ jLrScSorS eD[k.klk jh /kksrh /kjrh iM+ tklh vjeD[k.klk ukxk gks tklhA i.k gky rkabZ rkS]ekbZrka jS Hkkx lwa] /kksrh iM+rh&iM+rh capS gSA

81

xkHkk iSj&iSjk;*j vki vlyh iUuk jkSdaBkS vj [kjS eksR;ka jh ikSrjh iSjSA vS xS.kkgS rkS eD[k.klk jk vkijk] i.k nhlS gSekax*j yk;ksM+kA

eD[k.klk jS iêk NaVko.k jh rkS lkSxubZ gS] i.k fcuk vs<S laokj Hkh djkoS ub±Avsd jS ykjS Hkíj gqoS ftdS jk Qsj dksbZnwljkS ejS rn Hkíj lwa ikNk Hkíj bZ gqoSA tsdnkl ykxrh&ikxrh esa dksbZ ub± ejS vjeD[k.klk ns[kS dS vcS rkS ekFkS esa tVdksth cèkxh] vj [kkt [kkrj nkM+h ?kM+h&?kM+hdqpj.kh iM+S] rkS vki dsbZ MkxS] ck,rh]ekGh] eksnh] gjsd jS ykjS Hkíj gks tkoS]dkj.k] Hkíj jh laokj djk;ka eksQr esa pUu.k?klhtS] tV mrjkbZ jkS dksMh vsd ykxSub±A i.k ?k.kh&lh*d okj dsl vj nkM+hcè;ksM+k bZ jSoSA xS.kk iSj&iSjk;*j vki mHkjk.kkixka bZ fudGlhA ix ikoM+ka ftlk& ckjS bZekl C;kÅ QkVÓksM+h gqoS T;wa phjkGh&phjkGhjSoSA

eD[k.klk jh [kqjkdeD[k.klk jh [kqjkdeD[k.klk jh [kqjkdeD[k.klk jh [kqjkdeD[k.klk jh [kqjkdeD[k.klk #fi;S Åij theS] #fi;S Åij

dkabZ theS] cl Qwy bZ lwa?kS] ?kjokGk lxGkthE;ka iNS vki the.k uS cSBS ftdks jksVÓkajh vksMh [kkyh dj nsoSA ckcksth thE;ka iNSfB;k jSoSA the.k jh pky elhu jS cjkcjrst& MkoS gkFk lwa Qydks ysoS ftÙkS tho.kSgkFk lwa xCckS dj tkoSA i.k ?kjS eD[k.klk/kkiS ub±A tn dksbZ the.k&twB.k gqoS] rnbZ b.kka jS isV jk lG fudGSA the.k ea bZ?k.kk vknE;ka jkS cS/kkS gqoS rkS /kkiSA ikap&lkrfeu[k uwaR;ksM+k gqoS vj ts eD[k.k the.k uSiSyh iwx tkoS] rkS dk rkS jlksbZ nwlj c.kSvj dk iNS vkoS ftdk ikNk Hkw[kk ?kjS tkoSA

eD[k.klk tn the.k tkoS rkS lkFkSvSa<kS Hkh ys tkoSA Vkcjka jh NksVh&lhd

xksFkGÓka rkS >V Hkjht tkoS] i.k eD[k.klkjS dwoS jkS gky rGkS bZ <dhtS ub±] b.kdkj.k cS ns[kS Vkcj Hkw[kk gS vj m.kka uSBksyka lwa ekj&ekj*j thekoSA Bksyka jS Mj lwa?kj jk Vkcj Hkh b.kka jS lkxS the.k jS ukaolwa dkaiSA

vsd fnu eD[k.klk vsd NksVS cS/kS esathe.k uS x;kA lsBk.kh iSyh P;kj ykMwiqjL;k] nwth ckj esa nks vj rhth ckj esavsd ykMw iqjl*j iwM+Óka jkS iwN.k ykxxhAeD[k.klk ns[;kS] vkt rkS dke dBu nhlSgS] b;ka VksiS&VksiS lwa d.kS ?kM+kS Hkjhtlh\lsBk.kh ilokM+ dj fudGh vj eD[k.klkdS; fn;kS] ^^ns; nsokS vkB ykMw!** vkBlq.krka bZ lsBk.kh jkS dkGtkS rkS QM+d&QMddj.k ykxX;kS] i.k thef.k;kS ekaxS T;waiqjl.kkS rkS iM+S bZA eD[k.klk b;ka vkB&No]vkB&No dj&djuS uhB isV HkjÓkSA

vsd fnu vki cs<cha iwM+Óka the*j vk;kAEgSa iwNÓkS& ^fdÙkh*d iwM+Óka [kk;h vkt\**

^^dkabZ [kk;h] tho lks*jkS dksuh ftdkSHkk;h dksuh vkt rkSA**

^^rkS bZ dkabZ rkS [kk;h gqlh\**^^[kk;h dkabZ] vS bZ ipkl jS eka;&eka;

[kk;h gqlhA**eD[k.klk jS lkc jS csVS jkS C;ko gq;kS]

eD[k.klk uS Hkh tku ys;X;kA lkc eD[k.klkuS MsjS esa jk[kS] the.k uS lkFkS ub± ystkoS]i.k eD[k.klk [kkrj nl vknE;ka jkS dkalkSiqjlk;*j eaxk; ysoSA vsd fnu eka<S jkSvkneh MsjS esa vk;*j lkc lwa cksY;kS& ^dlwjekQ gqoS rkS vjnkl d:aA**

^^QjekokS lk] dkabZ gqde gSA** lkcdS;kSA

eka<h ladrkS&ladrkS cksY;kS& ^^MsjS esaykjS vkneh rkS vsd jSoS vj vki dkalkSeaxkokS nl jkS] ckdh jk uo t.kka uS rkS

82

ns[;k bZ dksuhAlkc cksY;kS& ^vNÓk] vkt vki vsd bZ

dkalkS uk HksT;kA**^^vkS gks] vki rkS jhl djyhA** eka<h

fxM+fxM+k;kSAlkc dS;kS& ^ub±] ub±] jhl dksuh] vki

csfQdj jSokSA**eD[k.klk uS lkc vkt the.k uS lkFkS

pky.k jkS dS; fn;kSA eD[k.klk ulk&irkys;*j R;kj gq;X;kA lxGk the.k uS x;kAeD[k.klk bZ x;kA vkSj yksx rkS FkksM+h rkGesa the&the*j mBX;k] i.k eD[k.klk gkyvk/kk bZ /kkI;k ub±A tkeQG okGkS iwNS&^^D;wa] nks ns; nwa\** eD[k.klk dSoS& ^^cl]vsd&nks lwa cslh uk fn;k] gwa /kkI;ksM+kS gwaA**ykMw okGkS iwNS& ^ykMw\** eD[k.klk dSoS&^^FkkajkS rkS eu jk[k.kkS iM+lh] ns; nks P;kjykMwA**

tn eD[k.klk Hkkar&Hkkar jk [kVdkns[kkGÓk] rkS dkuh&ekuh lxGk ?ksjkS ?kkyuSÅHkX;kA iSyh okGkS ekaMh eD[k.klk jS lkcduS vk;kS] cksY;kS& ^^eD[k.klk] vka [kkrjrkS vkiuS chl t.kka jkS dkalkS eaxko.kkSpkbZtrkS gkS] nl jkS eaxk;*j rkS vki ykbZcke.k jkS Qkyrw isV jkSD;kSA

rhu lsj ehBS jh gksMrhu lsj ehBS jh gksMrhu lsj ehBS jh gksMrhu lsj ehBS jh gksMrhu lsj ehBS jh gksMvsd etwj dsbZ lwa lok lsj ehBkS [kko.k

jh gksM djhA lok lsj ehBkS lkeyS lwa[kk;hT;kS ub± tn nw.kk ibZlk fpiX;kA etwjjkS gko c/kX;kS] eD[k.klk lwa fHkM+X;kS& nkslsj ehBS jh gksM esa! yksdka le>k;kS& ^vjs]nks lsj rkS eD[k.klk mMk; tklhA** etwjMjX;kSA [kSapkrk.kh dj&djk;*j rhu lsjekFkS gksM iwxh& [kkyh ehBkS] lkFkS pjdkSub±A ts eD[k.klk thrS rkS nks #fi;k buke(ts gkjS] rkS feBkbZ jS eksy lwa nw.kkS pVhM+!

[khjeksou&tkeQG jkS vsd&vsd BwaxkSvk;X;kS vj eD[k.klk gkFk lkQ dj.kkS l:

djÓkSA nks lsj mMk;kS ftÙkS rkS vkiuS MdkjbZ dks vk;h uhaA i.k] eD[k.klk eksFkkthekfd;k gS] the.k jh vVdG tk.kS ub±Anks lsj ehBkS [kk;kS ftÙkS v<kbZ&rhu lsjik.kh isV esa Åa/kk; fy;kS ftdS lwa isVr.kht*j uxkjkS gqoS T;wa gq;X;kSA vcS vki?kcjk;k& ^^vjs! thR;ka lwa rkS vklh [kkyhnks fNydk] vj ts gkjX;kS rkS ianjS dGnkj[kql tklhA** ehBS jkS Hkko m.k fnuka v<kbZ#fi;ka lsj jkS gkSA

i.k gky rkabZ eD[k.klk vsMÓka jS rk.kcSBÓk therk gkA vcS iky[kh ekj.kh ;knvk;h] dksV jk cV.k [kksY;k] vj cha fnulatksx lwa itkekS iSjÓksM+kS gkS] ft.kjkS ukM+kS<hykS djÓkSA vcS eD[k.klk Qsj FkksM+k llokagq;X;kA ehBS jkS BwaxkS eD[k.klk lwa vk?kkSesY;ksM+kS gkS] ts lxGkS ehBkS nh[krkS jSoS rkSNkrh p< tkoSA eD[k.klk iwNÓks& ^^vcSfdÙkks*d jS;kS gS\** eD[k.klk ekaxkS rkS Ugka[kfn;kS] i.k fnyklk fnjko.k lk: EgSa dS;kS&^^ckth ekjyh] FkksM+h bZ gS vcS rkSA** vj EgSaQsj P;kj [khjeksou iqjl fn;kA

gksM dj.k okGkS etwj ?kM+h&?kM+h dSoS&^^ns[k] mYVh uk dj fn;SA ts djnh] rkSibZlk fpi tkoSykA** eD[k.klk uS mYVhdjko.k lk: bZ etwj ?kM+h&?kM+h mYVh jkSukao ysaorkS gkSA eD[k.klk jkS gkFk rkS cjkcjpkyS] i.k eka; lwa tho ?kcjkoSA mcdhvkaorh&vkaorh jS; tkoSA vsd ckj rkSFkksM+h&lhd xqpGdh vk; bZ x;h] i.keD[k.klk jh c/;ksM+h nk<+h dke ns;xhA ewa<SvkMkS gkFk ns;*j eD[k.klk xqpGdh uS nk<+hesa jek; nhA etwj gkdk rkS djÓk i.keD[k.klk Åij jkS Åij mMk; fn;kSA

nks lsj [kk;kS ftÙkS rkS cwaVh jk ulklkxhM+k ÅX;k] i.k vcS udlk Qhdk iM+.kykxX;kA ilhuS jk ck*Gk cSoS] Mhy >ksck>kscgks;X;kSA ehBkS [kkaorS&[kkaorS fdÙkh bZ ckjeD[k.klk gkFk esa ik.kh fy;kS dS Qsj rkS

83

dksbZ lwa ejrkS&thaorkS gksM d:a ub±] i.krkS bZ etwj uS dSoS& ^FkkjS ykbZ jS eksQr esauqdlk.k gqo.kkS fy[;ksM+kS gks ftdks gq;X;kS]vj jS;kS&[ks;kS Qsj gq; tklhA vcS rkS feBkbZFkksM+h&lh*d jS;h gqlhA** vk ckr dSaorkeD[k.klk NkdVk gqoS T;wa dks nhlS uha] i.kb;ka ykxS dS lkP;k.kh vka jS eu esa etwj jS[kkrj genjnh gSA

vk[kj eD[k.klk bÙkk fNdX;k dS VkcjuS BxkoS T;wa Bxk&Bxk*j ehBkS [kqoko.kkSiM+ÓkS& vNÓk] vcS vkB jS;k gS] vcS NojS;k gS---A rkS bZ Qsj] lwjt ckith jh lk[kHkjk;*j eD[k.klk gkFk esa ik.kh fy;kS dS QsjrkS dsbZ lwa HkksGS Hkwy*j bZ gksM ub± d:aAb;ka djrka&djrka eD[k.klk rhu lsj ehBkSeka; esyX;kA etwj jkS ewaMkS QydkS gqoS T;wagq;X;kS] i.k ejrS vkd pkC;kS& Bwaxka esa jlcaP;ksM+kS gS ftdkS Hkh rhu lsj esa lkey gS]iho.kkS iM+lhA** reklkS ns[kf.k;k dS;kS&^^jl jh rkS gksM dks gh uhaA** i.k eD[k.klkns[;kS dS jl jS dkj.k xqM+ xkscj gqoS gS] ysBwaxkS vj fy;k lcM+dk& ^^gs--- yS] vkSjl!** b;ka dS;*j lxGkS jl lcM+X;kA

etwj nks #fi;k buke ns;*j cksykS&cksykSVqjX;kSA

j ax&<axj ax&<axj ax&<axj ax&<axj ax&<axeD[k.klk uS iksxk;*j HkykabZ dksbZ m.kka

jk ?kj&tk;nkn vkijS ukao djok;ykSA pykdywadM+h dkxyS uS /kq# c.kk;*j T;wa jksVhys;xh m.kh rjS eD[k.klk duS fdÙkh bZywadM+Óka <wdS] vj lxGÓka vkijS Hkkx lk:dkabZ&u&dkabZ ikoS] [kkyh ub± tkoSA

vsd Mkdksr dS;kS& ^^eD[k.klk! FkkajSvkxS Mkxk] jkeiqfj;k Hkh ik.kh HkjSA FkkajhixFkGh jh bZ gksM ub± dj ldSA /kje&iquesa FkkajS ftlkS tho jktk&Egkjktkoka esa bZdksuhA**

^^vjs okg js Mkdksr! ruS eD[k.klk uwb±jh uwb± jtkbZ dk<*j ns;nhA vki fl;kGS esaxwnM+kS vk/kkS fcNk;kS vj vk/kkS vks<ÓkSA

eD[k.klk jS ?kj esa /kku&pwu tksokS rkSÅanjk FkM+h djrk yk/klhA cÅ ts /kkuyko.k jkS dSlh rkS nl ckj dS;ka Hkh lq.kkbZgqoS ub±( i.k ts vki /kku ykaork gqlh vjekjx esa cMkbZ djf.k;kS lkaEgh eksMkS feytklh rkS vk/kkS&iM+/kkS /kku nM+kNaV ckaVnslhA

vk[kh nqfu;k eD[k.klk jh nkrkjh jkSMadkS ihVS] i.k ?kjokGk dSoS& ^^rwa nkfn;Sck;jks gS] FkkjS esa dksMh jk bZ lÅj dksuh]cGh Fkkjh nkrkjh HkwaMh ykxS!** vS cksyeD[k.klk lwa >yS i.k dkadj >yS tndSlxGk yksx ckajh cMkbZ djrk dks /kkiS uhaAb.k dkj.k ?kjokGka lwa eD[k.klk jh derhc.kSA ts dksbZ ?kjokGkS pks[kh lh[k nslh rkSok pksifM+;S ?kM+S jh NkaV nkabZ frlG tklhAbÙkS lwa ykjkS ub± NwVSA eD[k.klk cM+cM+kVdjrk ?kj lwa fudGlh] ftdS jk FkksM+&lh*dnwj tkaorS bZ tksj&tksj lwa xkGÓka dk<.kykx tklhA ts dksbZ pklk ihof.k;kS gadkjknso.k ykx tklh] rkS vki Hkwa&Hkwa jkso.k ykxtklh vj lkP;k.kh vkalw yklhA

vki ukSdjh djS& teknkjhA vsd jkrvkijkS ikSjkS dks;yka dkauh gkSA rhu ek.klvk;k] nks rkS vkiuS ckrka esa yxk; fy;k vjrhljkS dks;yk ikj djrkS jS;kSA eD[k.klkblh teknkjh djSA i.k Qsj Hkh vkiuS jkrjh fMiVh esa jk[k.kk iM+SA ts fnu jh fMiVhesa jk[kS rkS yksx b.kka jkS mncqnkS jax<axns[k*j ^gkÅM+kS! gkÅM+kS!!** gkdk dj.k ykxtkoSA eD[k.klk jk reklk ns[k.k lk:eksdGk ek.kl HksGk gq; tkoSA b.k rjS esGkSeaMk;ksM+kS vQljka uS ikslkoS ub± vj eD[k.klkjh jksVh Hkh [kksl.kh pkoS ub±A b.k dkj.kjkr jh fMiVh ns;*j eD[k.klk uS f/kdkoSA

84

ts dnkl eD[k.klk fnu jk dkj[kkuSiklh vk; tkoS vj etwj vkil esa lYykdj*j] ^gkÅM+kS&gkÅM+kS* ub± dSoS] rkS HkhvkiuS lqokoS ub±A etwjka uS pqi ns[k*jeD[k.klk vsd fnu dS; bZ fn;kS& ^^vktlxGk v.kcksy gkS] tk.kS ekbZr ejX;k gqoSA

yS.k&nS.kyS.k&nS.kyS.k&nS.kyS.k&nS.kyS.k&nS.keD[k.klk #fi;k ckSjS] ckSjS dkabZ] nqfu;k

uS ywaVS! vkuks #fi;ks C;kt dekoS! i.k b.kkajk lSaLdkj ikspw gS& C;kt rkS b.kka uS nsoS bZdq.k] ewG ikNkS pwdk;nS blkS HkykS ek.kldHkh b.kka jS <wdS ub±A i.k gS eD[k.klkèkuxSykA vckj bZ Fks ts vsd vkuS #fi;S jkSyksHk nsokS] rkS >V FkkauS #fi;k m/kkj ns;nslhA jke fnjkoS rkS ikNk fn;k] ub± rkSpdUnk dj tk;kA eD[k.klk markoGk cksy*jrxknkS Hkh ub± djS vj /khjS dS;ka #fi;kikNk ns; nsoS blk feu[k iM+Ók dBS gS\

vki gSalkc ikbZ&ikbZ jkS ewa<S jk[kS] pwdNnke jh jh djS ub±A ts eD[k.klk [kqndsbZ duS lwa #fi;kS&VDdkS m/kkj yslh] rkSikNkS rkS ns; nslh] i.k nslh #Gk&#Gk*jA

lkxhM+k frjkdlkxhM+k frjkdlkxhM+k frjkdlkxhM+k frjkdlkxhM+k frjkd[kstM+S jh Åaph MkG lwa] vka[;ka ehap*j

vki rGko esa xaBkS chM+S] lkxhM+kS ik.khmNkGSA vki ÅHkh frj.kh frjS] eqM+nk&frj.khfrjS] rGko jk ?kwe&?kwe*j pDdj dkVSA i.keD[k.klk Ugk;ka iNS iSj.k lk: lkFkS nwtkxkHkk ub± ykoSA lkxh vkyk iwj iSjSA ?kjStkoS t.kS nhlS blk tk.kS U;kjS ¼elk.kka½ lwaièkkjÓk gqoS] i.k eD[k.klk uS tk.kS ftdkrkS le> tkoS dS vki rGko lwa i/kkjÓk gSA

rxnhj fldUnjrxnhj fldUnjrxnhj fldUnjrxnhj fldUnjrxnhj fldUnjdk rkS eD[k.klk ?kj esa ik.kh ykoS bZ

ub±] vj tn yko.k ykxlh rkS dwaMh jhiVÓka lwa Vdjk; nslhA ekVk&>jck] yksVk&

dGfl;k lxGk Hkj nslhA chtk ek.kl rkSVwaVh duS ÅHkk ckjh uS vMhdrk jSoS vjeD[k.klk vkaorS bZ tpS ftdh yqxkbZ uS>ky cwfd;kS vj NsM+S dj nsoS vj vkijkS?kM+kS Hkj ysoSA ?k.kh&lh*d yqxk;ka rkSf[kyf[kyk*j gal.k ykx tkoS] i.k ts dksbZuoS ukd vkGh xkGÓka dk<.k <wd tkoS rkSeD[k.klk uS Mj dks ykxS uha] oS [kqn vkijkSjsfM;kS pkyw dj nsoSA

eD[k.klk ywackS yk;keD[k.klk ywackS yk;keD[k.klk ywackS yk;keD[k.klk ywackS yk;keD[k.klk ywackS yk;keD[k.klk Vkcj gk tn jh ckr gSA b.kka

jS lsBka jS ?kj esa dksbZ jkS C;ko gkSA ?kj vkxStGlkS gks;kS] Hkxr.;ka ukphA eD[k.klklnsbZ xko.kkS lq.ku uS tkorkA vsd fnum.kka jh eka Hkh x;hA lsBka eka uS iwNÓkS&^^ruS fdlh xko.kS esa Bkg iM+S gS ftdkSvk;h gS lq.ku uS\** eka b;ka bZ ul lwa gadkjSjkS yVdkS dj fn;kSA lsBka iwNÓkS& ^^vkdkabZ xkoS gS crko\** gkdS jS dkj.k eka uSlq.khT;kS& ^fdÙkk t.kk djS gS xko.kkS\** ekatho.kS gkFk jh ikapwa vkaxGÓka ns[kkGnh&^^HkbZ ikap t.kk gS& vsd rkS xko.k okGh]nwtkS rcyS okGkS] rhtkS isVh okGkS] pkSFkkSlkjaxh okGkS vj ikapoha xko.k okGh jhekaA** m.k cxr Hkxr.k iape lqj esa vykiysorh ghA ekth jh ikap vkaxGÓka ns[k*jlsBka lksP;kS& Mksdjh le>S nhlSA lsB jkthgq;k] equheth duS lwa >V ikap #fi;ka jkSuksV buke esa fnjk; fn;kSA

ekth rkS #fi;k ys;*j eSfQy jS v/kfcpesa bZ ?kjS VqjX;kA tn NksVks&lks*d eD[kf.k;kS?kjS x;kS rkS eka >M+QM+k;kS& ^^ns[k] rwa rkSfur&gesl jkr jh vsd&vsd nks&nks ctk;*jvkoS] i.k BksD;S Hkkx jSoS] gwa rkS vkt bZ x;hftdS esa #fi;k ikap buke jk ys; vk;hA**

eD[k.klk lksP;kS& dky ckrA vki bZlsBka jh tkte Åij cSB*j yksxka jS ns[kkns[kul jk yVdk dj.k ykxX;kA lsBka jh futj

85

cBhuS iM+h] iwNÓkS& ^^vjs eD[kf.k;k] bÙkkyVdk djS] rwa fdlkS le>S gS] crko vkdkabZ xkoS gS\** eD[k.klk cksY;k bZ& ^D;wa]le>wa D;wa dksuh] euS rkS lxGh Bkg iM+S gSAvk xkoS gS---** b;ka dS;*j nksuwa gkFkka jh nlwavkaxGÓka nl #fi;k yso.k [kkrj lsBka jSlkaEgh dj nhA lsBka jkS lHkko dha vdjkSgkSA ukSdj uS gqde fn;kS& ^b± eD[kf.k;S uSckaèk*j ?kksM+ka jS Bk.k duS xqM+dk; nSAjkst&jkst vBS tkte Åij cjkcj vk;*jcSB tkoS vj xSyk yVdk djcks djS] lÅjdksuh /kwM+ [kko.k jkS bZA

eD[k.klk FkksM+h rkG Bk.k jh gok [kk;*j?kjS vk;kA eu esa fopkj djÓkS& vk Hkxr.kdhub± vkaorh rkS uk rkS xko.kkS gqaorkS] uk gwayVdk djrkS vj uk Bk.k duS xqM+dk;htrkSAdky b± jkaM jkS dksbZ ywackS&>wackS rksM+*jykÅa t.kS tho lks*jkS gqoSA

fl;kGS jh jkr ghA eD[k.klk Hkxr.k jSilokM+yS ikVS ekFkS pnjkS NhnkS dj*j cSBX;k&HkbZ vk bÙkh ukpS&dwnS gS] d.kS&u&d.kS rkSdksbZ ywackS iM+ bZ tklhA

Hkxr.k uS tq[ke bÙkh tksjnkj dS #ekyvkykS xkj gq;X;kS] i.k gky rkabZ ukd lwaik.kh iM+SA ekSdkS ns[k*j Hkxr.k eD[k.klk jSpnjS ekFkS VspkS Ugka[k fn;kS ftdkS chtGh jhlSpu.k jksl.kh esa iGiGkV djrkS eD[k.klkuS ywackS bZ ykx;kSA >V dj pnfj;kS HksGkSvj eD[k.klk fn;k BksdkA eka ?kj jkS ckj.kkS[kksY;kS dksuh ftÙkS rkS eD[k.klk dS; bZfn;kS& ^^rwa rkS yk;h dky ikap #fi;k] EgSayk;kS gwa ywackS!** ?kj esa nh;kS txk;ksM+kS rkSgks uhaA Mksdjh pnjS esa ywackS tkso.k ykxhrkS va/kkjS esa gkFk HkjhtX;kSA eD[k.klk rkSns[;kS euS feylh lcklh] i.k ikarh vk;hxkGÓka vj BksyS jkS HkphM+A

ulSckt eD[k.klkulSckt eD[k.klkulSckt eD[k.klkulSckt eD[k.klkulSckt eD[k.klkub± t.kS rkS eD[k.klk uS nqfu;k Hkj jkS

lksp jSoSA d.kSbZ jksoS d.kSbZ galS] i.k cwaVhjkS yqxnkS pck;ka iNS vkiuS b± nqfu;k jhlqèk&cqèk ub± jSoSA ewaMkS lwt*j rwackS gqoS T;wagq; tkoS] vka[;ka jk iV xSGht tkoS] pkyesa blh eLrh vkoS dS ikap feaV lwa ikaoMkSèkjSA ix mBkorS blh Bkg iM+S tk.kS ixka jStsoM+h ca/;ksM+h gSA

i.k gS vckj eLrh jh csGk& Fks xkGÓkadk< nks] ?kqík yxk; nks] eD[k.klk jS jhluSM+h bZ dks vM+S uhaA vki cjkcj eqGdrkjSlhA gka] vk t:j gS dS Fks ts dSlkS&^^dkuka jS ywaxka jh fcM+X;ka <hyh gq;xh**] rkSvki ywax >V laHkkG yslhA ts duS ÅHkknl vkneh ckjh&ckjh nl ckj dSlh] rkSvki nl ckj laHkkG yslhA ts vsd vknehnl ckj dSlh] rkS bZ ikap&lkr ckj rkSlaHkkG bZ yslhA

tn b;ka eLr gkFkh nkabZ eD[k.klk>we&>we*j pkyS] rkS xGÓka jk dqÙkk Hkql.kykx tkoSA i.k gkFkh ykjS dqÙkk ?k.kk bZHkqlSA Qjd bÙkkS gS dS lkP;k.kh gkFkh jSdqÙkk cVdh dks HkjSuh vj eD[k.klk jS fujhckj ?kcwj dk< ysoSA iSyM+S jkS Mad vkNkSgqoS ftÙkS nwtkS R;kj! vsd fnu rkS lkxhdqÙkkS eD[k.klk uS vsd xGh esa vkaorS vjtkaorS nks ckj [kk;X;kSA

x.k dPpkSx.k dPpkSx.k dPpkSx.k dPpkSx.k dPpkSts dksbZ dPph Nkrh okGkS va/kkjS esa

eD[k.klk uS vsdkvsd ns[kyS rkS dkGtkSfxjS NksMnS] i.k vpEckS rkS vkS gS dS eD[k.klkjkS vkijkS x.k dPpkS gSA tn dnSbZ jkr jklwuokM+ eka; lwa vsdykS tko.kkS iM+S rkSdksbZ u dksbZ dSj&cksjVh&[kstM+S&tkG esaiDdk;r dksbZ u dksbZ Hkwr&Hkwr.kh nh[ktkoSA eD[k.klk dSoS& ^ts nwljS vkneh uSnh[k tkoS rkS Nkrh QkV*j ej tkoSA vkS rkSEgSa gkS t.kS vSlh nkdy djnh ft.klwa HkwrjkS cl dks pkY;kS uhaA** dnS&dnSbZ eD[k.klk

86

uS nks&rhu Hkwr HksGk bZ nhl tkoS] i.keD[k.klk jh nkdy nso.k jh gher ub± iM+Svj b.kka uS rko p< tkoS] nks&P;kj fnu ?kjesa lwrk jSoSA Qsj Hkh yksx b.kka jh Hkwr&iyhrjh ckr jkS HkjkslkS ub± djSA

vsd ckj flaÖ;k jk vki rGko lwa Ugk;*j?kjS vkork gkA lkxS vsd Egkjkt nw/k jkSxwf.k;kS fy;ka pkyrk gkA Egkjkt Hkwr&[kbZlMkd.k&L;kjh jk >kM+k rkS crkork gk] i.keD[k.klk uS lkP;k.kh Hkwr nhlS( vk ckr ub±ekurkA

vkt eD[k.klk uS lkP;k.kh Hkwr nhL;kS!eD[k.klk HkkX;k] blk HkkX;k tk.kS dksbZib;k ykX;ksM+k gqoSA Egkjkt jS ekFkS esab.kjkS vjFk jÙkh Hkj le> esa ub± vk;kSAFkksM+h&lh*d rkG uS jksgh jkS pDdj dkV*jeD[k.klk Egkjkt jS duS dj lSaiwj pky lwafudGÓkA Egkjkt ns[;kS& vkt rkS lkP;k.khnkG esa dkGkS gSA Egkjkt FkksM+k vkxS x;k]ftÙkS eD[k.klk Qsj nM+cM+&nM+cM+ djrk]lkxhM+k gka¶;ksM+k] ilokM+ dj fudGÓkAEgkjkt lksP;kS& vkt rkS eD[k.klk esalkP;k.kh Hkwr cM+X;kS nhlS vj EgkjS duS nwèkgS] b.k dkj.k EgkjS ckj&ckj pDdj dkVS gS]ts dnkl EgSa Hkwr jh QsV esa vk;X;kS rkS vkSnwèk dha jS vkMkS vklh\

>kM+kxj Egkjkt P;kj lsj nw/k èkjrhekrk uS ik; fn;kSA eD[k.klk uS rhu fnurko vk;kS] Egkjkt uS ikap fnu!

xoS;k eD[k.klk vaxjsth le>SxoS;k eD[k.klk vaxjsth le>SxoS;k eD[k.klk vaxjsth le>SxoS;k eD[k.klk vaxjsth le>SxoS;k eD[k.klk vaxjsth le>SeD[k.klk xoS;k pks[kk gS] i.k T;wa dS;kS

dqaHkkj x/kS ub± p<S] m.kh rjS eD[k.klk HkhdS;ka lwa xkoS ub±A eD[k.klk jkS daB ehBkSgS] jkx jh eksM+ Hkh tk.kS] i.k xkoS gS jcM+Nan*A jcM+ Nan esa Hkh vki rqdkUr jkS è;kujk[kSA uewuS [kkrj&^^Hktu fcuk js] chrh tkrh gS mefj;kA

fur ugha use ugha] lUrksa ls izse ugha]flj ij /kjh jsewj[k rsuS D;ksa];qok mej xekbZ]mtZu] utZu] rtZu]vc D;ksa uha iVdS-----iki dh xBfj;kA**

ft.kesa dsbZ lcn Qkyrw dS;*j ykjStkaorkS mefj;k* jh rqd xBfj;k* lwa feyk;nslhA

dkj[kkuS jS lkc yksxka jk caxyka duSdj fudGS tn eD[k.klk iSyh lwa bZ xko.kkSl: dj nsoSA jLrS esa feyS ftdS uS vkidSoS& ^ÊgkjS xko.kS lwa vkt lkc jh eSeckSr jkth gq;hA**

^^FkkauS dkabZ Bkg\**^ÊgkjS lkeuS bZ rkS eSe cMkbZ djh lkc

jS vkxS EgkjhA**^^Fks fdlk vaxjsth le>kS gkS] eSe rkS

vaxjsth esa dS;kS gqlh uhaA**^^vaxjsth le>wa D;wa dksuh] eSe dS;kS&

ns[kks xqV eSu] uks feLVsd] Egkjkt bl ÝUVfcpkjk dSlk vPNk xkrk gSA**

^^vk rkS lQk [kksVh vaxjsth gSA**^ÊgSa dksbZ vaxjsth i<ÓksM+kS FkksM+kS bZ gwaA

bÙkkS rkS fgjnS jh mdr lwa le>X;kSA i.kEgkjkS xko.kkS ts eSe jS nk; ub± vkorkS] rkSEgkjS lkeuS ns[k*j ok galrh dka; okLrS\**lksGokSa lksukS

eD[k.klk dkGk gS] dkstk gS] MjiksdgS] ?k.k[kkÅ gS] i.k pksj&tkj dksuh] b.kdkj.k cMk&cMk jkoGk jh ftukuh Mks<Ókaft.kka esa fpM+h jkS tk;kS Hkh ub± cM+ ldS]eD[k.klk [kkrj [kqY;k gSA cBS ts lksukS bZixka esa iM+ÓkS gqlh rkS vki m.kuS /kwM+cjkcj le>lhA ikjdh pht uS ikjdh vjvkijh uS vkijh le>S] b.k dkj.k eD[k.klkeD[k.k.kk gqorka Fkdka Hkh lksGokSa lksukS gSA

zz

87

vc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkthe.k¾HkkstuA mHkjk.kk ixka¾vGok.kk ix] fcuk ixj[khA iqjl.kkS¾ijksl.kkSA jhl¾fdjksèk]>kGA eksQr¾QksxV esa] fcuk eksy pqdk;kaA >ksck>ksc¾ilhuS&ilhuS iksxk;*j¾jkth dj*jAmncqnkS¾vtc&xtc jkSA lkxhM+k¾lkarjk] lkaxksikaxA frj.kh¾frj.kkSA cMkbZ¾ljkojk] izlalkAixFkGh¾ixka jS gsBykS HkkxA HkwaMh¾cqjh] ekM+hA ilokM+¾vsd dkauh] ilokM+SA ?k.k[kkÅ¾?k.kkS[kkof.k;kSA mrkoGk¾[krkoGk] tYnckthA ykjkS¾ihNkSA [kSapkrk.kh¾jLlkdlh] [khaprk.kAVSapkS¾ukd fl.kd*j lsMkS Ugk[k fn;kSA x.k¾izØfrA xCckS¾[kko.kkS] csxkS&csxkS [kko.kkSAèkq:¾ew[kZA gkÅM+kS¾Mjko.k okGkS lcnA pklk¾fBBksGhA vSa<kS¾laxh&lkFkhA


fodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- eD[k.klk jh mej fdÙkh gh&

¼v½ ipkl&bD;kou ¼c½ bdrkGhl&c;kaGhl¼l½ iSarkGhl&N;kaGhl ¼n½ lkB&bdlB

¼ ½2- eD[k.klk fd.kjS C;ko esa x;k gk&

¼v½ lkc jS HkkbZ ¼c½ lkc jS HkrhtS¼l½ lkc jS csVS ¼n½ lkc jS Hkk.ktS

¼ ½3- etwj vj eD[k.klk jS fcPpS fdÙkk #fi;ka jh ljr ykxh\

¼v½ nl fjfi;k ¼c½ bDdhl fjfi;k¼l½ pkj fjfi;k ¼n½ nks fjfi;k

¼ ½4- vsd Mkdksr dS;kS& eD[k.klk] FkkajS vkxS lS ik.kh HkjSA vS dq.k ik.kh HkjS\

¼v½ Mkxk] jkeiqfj;k ¼c½ dqaHkkj¼l½ lkc ¼n½ Hkxr.k

¼ ½

lko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- eD[k.klk] eD[k.klk gqork Fkdka bZ dkabZ gS\2- lsB ekth uS fdÙkk jkS uksV buke eka; fn;kS\3- eD[k.klk jS xko.kS lwa dq.k [kql Ogh\4- eD[k.klk vj etwj jS fcPpS dq.klh feBkbZ jh ljr ykxh\

NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- b.k js[kkfprjkae esa eD[k.klk jkS dkabZ lansl gS\2- eD[k.klk jkS pfj=&fp=.k vkijS lcnka eka; ekaMkSA

88

3- eD[k.klk jh [kqjkd dkabZ gh] vki [kqyklSokj fy[kkSA4- vjs [kk;ka lwa dkaÃ gqoS] gte gkso.kkS pkbZtSA** vk vksGh dq.k fd.kjS lk: dS;h\

ys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- eD[k.klk jS tho.k lwa vkiuS dkabZ lh[k feGS\2- ^^eD[k.klk jkS x.k dPpkS gkSA** b.k ckr uS mnkgj.k ns;*j le>kokSA3- uhspS fnjhth vksfG;ka jh ijlaxkÅ O;k[;k djkS&¼v½ eD[k.klk #fi;S Åij theS] #fi;S Åij dkabZ theS] cl Qwy bZ lwa?kS] ?kjokGk lxGk

thE;ka iNS vki the.k uS cSBS ftdks jksVÓka jh vksMh [kkyh dj nsoSA ckcksth thE;ka iNSfB;k jSoSA the.k jh pky elhu jS cjkcj rst& MkoS gkFk lwa Qydks ysoS ftÙkS tho.kSgkFk lwa xCckS dj tkoSA

¼c½ eD[k.klk xoS;k pks[kk gS] i.k T;wa dS;kS dqaHkkj x/kS ub± p<S] m.kh rjS eD[k.klk HkhdS;ka lwa xkoS ub±A eD[k.klk jkS daB ehBkS gS] jkx jh eksM+ Hkh tk.kS] i.k xkoS gS jcM+Nan*A jcM+ Nan esa Hkh vki rqdkUr jkS è;ku jk[kSA

89

;k=k&laLej.k;k=k&laLej.k;k=k&laLej.k;k=k&laLej.k;k=k&laLej.k

Egkjh tkiku ;k=kEgkjh tkiku ;k=kEgkjh tkiku ;k=kEgkjh tkiku ;k=kEgkjh tkiku ;k=k

jk.kh y{ehdqekjh pwaMkorjk.kh y{ehdqekjh pwaMkorjk.kh y{ehdqekjh pwaMkorjk.kh y{ehdqekjh pwaMkorjk.kh y{ehdqekjh pwaMkor

ysf[kdk&ifjpSysf[kdk&ifjpSysf[kdk&ifjpSysf[kdk&ifjpSysf[kdk&ifjpSjk.kh y{ehdqekjh pwaMkor jkS tue fo- laor~ 1973 esa esokM+ fj;klr jS nsox<+ fBdk.kS esagks;kSA m.kka jkS C;ko chdkusj fj;klr jS jkorlj fBdk.kS jk jkoth lkxS gks;kSA ckGi.kS lwabZ lkfgR; dkauh vkijkS yxko gkSA jktLFkkuh laLØfr lwa xSjS yxko jS dkj.k vki m.kjh?k.kh bZ Hk.kkbZ djhA vkijh jktLFkkuh esa fy[;ksM+h iksF;ka b.k Hkkar gS& eka>G jkr*] fxjÅapk Åapk x<ka*] ewey*] dS js pdok ckr*] veksyd ckrka*] gqadkjks nks lk* vj Vkcjka jhckrka*A vS lxGk dgk.kh&laxzS gSA jktLFkkuh yksdxhr] jktLFkkuh nksgk laxzg] tqxy&foyklvj ohjoka.k jk.khth jh lEikfnr iksF;ka gSA vka jS vykok jk.khth fgUnh esa bZ eksdGh iksF;kafy[kh gSA b.k Hkkar jktLFkku jS lkfgR;dkjka esa vkijh ywaBh BkSM+ gSA ;k=k&foojkS fy[k.keka; vkiuS egkjr gkly gkSA fgUnqdq'k ds ml ikj* ukao jh iksFkh b.kjkS iq[rk izek.k gSAjk.khth lkfgR;&lsok jS lkxS&lkxS lkekftd] jktuhfrd vj lkaLÑfrd Kku jh eksdGhizo`fÙk;ka lwa tqfM+;ksM+k gkA fonslka esa dsbZ dkUÝsalka esa vki Hkkjr jkS izfrfuf/kRo dfj;kSA

ikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSlu~ 1959 esa tkiku esa gqo.k okGh vsaVh vsVe gkbMªkstu ce oYMZ dkUÝsal esa Hkkx fy;kSAm.k ;k=k jkS vkS oj.ku jkspd vj izogeku lSyh esa dfj;ksM+kS gSA b.kuS i<rka ika.k tkikuhtutho.k] lkafr&Lekjd] E;wft;e] fgjksf'kek jh fo/kald yhyk] lkafr ekpZ jh jaxhyhn`';koyh vkn ikBd jS fg;S eka; rLohj ft;ka eaM tkoSA E;wft;e eka; ns[;k fp=keka lwafeu[kka jS fgjnS eka; d#.kk jk Hkko tkX;k vj lxGk eu gh eu fuLpS djÓkS dS vSM+kSfo.kkldkjh tq) Hkfol esa uha gksoS] uhrj flzLVh jkS fo.kkl OgS tkoSykA b.k fo/oald yhykesa yhy gq;k tq>kjka jh nsoGh tk;*j lxGk ureLrd gksoSA

Egkjh tkiku ;k=kEgkjh tkiku ;k=kEgkjh tkiku ;k=kEgkjh tkiku ;k=kEgkjh tkiku ;k=k

¼1½tkiku jkS vlyh uke tkiku uha gSA

m.kjkS vlyh uke fuIiksu gSA tkikuh vkijknsl uaS fuIiksu dSoSA ijnsfl;ka jk v’kq)mPpkj.k lwa fuIiksu tkiku c.kX;kSA

tkiku nsl pkj Vkiqoka lwa c.;ksM+kS gSAvka esa gksU’kw Vkiw lclwa eksVkS gSA Vksfd;ks]

vkslkdk] D;ksVk] fgjksf’kek oxSjk tkiku jk[kkl&[kkl 'kgj b.kh*t Vkiw esa cfl;ksM+kgSA chfduk jk rhu Vkiw b.k lwa fpI;ksM+k gSAmrjkn esa gksdk;Mks Vkiw gS] fn[k.kkn esafldksdw vj D;wlwA b.kka jS vykok tkiku jSleanj esa NksVk&NksVk gtk:a Vkiw fc[kfj;ksM+kcfl;k gSA

90

Vksfd;ks jS gsusMk gokbZ Vsl.k ij mrjrkabZ ?kM+h lkaEgh >kadhA dGdÙkS jS vkSj cBS jSVSe esa rhu ?kaVka jkS Qjd gkSA vk ckrdSo.kh iM+Syk dS vBS jk dLVeokGk Hkykvkneh gkA dkabZ vkrka] dkabZ tkrka] lkekujS gkFk bZ uha vM+k;kS] dksbZ iwNrkN bZ uhadjhA ikliksVZ ns[k >ViV Nki yxk] lh[kns nhA

EgkauaS fizal gksVy esa mrkfj;kA vkS rkSEgSa Vksfd;ks esa iwxrka bZ ns[k fy;kS dS vBSuDlka jkS tksj gSA EgkjS dejS esa uDlkSVkafx;ksM+kS gkSA dkaÝsal jh vksj lwa EgkauSdkxtkr fn;k gk] m.kka esa bZ uDlks uRFkhgkSA xsyS esa ft.k fd.kh uaS bZ EgSa xsyksiwfN;kS] m.k >V dkxn&isafly dk< uDlksekaM EguaS xsykS crk;kSA VSDlh Mªkboj uSdBSbZ tkck uS dfg;kS rkS >V ns.kh uDlkStsc lwa dk< EgkjS ewaMkxS jkf[k;kSA ft.ktkxka tko.kkS gqoS] uDlS esa crk nsokSA cBSuDlS flok; dksbZ ckr gh uhaA jsyka esa lQjdjckokGka lk: bZ uDlk ekStwnA

¼2½m.k bZt fnu lka> jh xkMh lwa EgkauS

fgjksf'kek tko.kkS gkSA Vksfd;ks Vsl.k ekFkSiwfx;kA Vsl.k jh bekjr esa cfM+;k] i.k cBSuha rkS IysVQkje bZ nh[;kS] uha xkMh nh[kh]uha batu utj vk;kSA vpaHkS esa iM+xh&P;k:a iklh nqdkuka bZ nqdkukaA

tkiku dksalyokGk EgkauaS dS;kS gkS dSvkiuS fgjksf'kek rd iwxkok uS EgkajkS vknehlkFkS ns nsokaykA oks vkiuS lka> uS Vsl.k ijfeG tkoSykA xkMh NwV.k jh csGk uthdvk;xhA EgSa mMhdrk mdrk;htX;kA Vsl.kij HkhM+ ?k.kh ghA uha rks xkbM EgkauS vksG[kS]uha Egs xkbM uS vksG[kkaA vSu cxr ijxkbM gkaQrkS FkdkS vk;kSA vkorka bZ EguS

ns[k cksfy;kS& Hkyks gqokS Fkkajh b.k lkM+h jkStks b.kuS ns[k EgSa FkkauaS vksGf[k;kA

xkbM EgkauaS ys; Åij pf<;kSA EgSa lksp.kykxh& vkika uaS rkS xkMh p<.kkS gSA vkS ÅijdBS ys tkoS gS\ Åij vkorka bZ nsf[k;kS dSIysVQkje ij vk;X;k gkaA xkMh ewaMkxS ÅHkhghA le> esa uha vk;kS dS Åij pf<;ka xkMhfd.k rjS vk;hA uhpS >kadhA cktkj] lM+d]nqdkuka uhpS ghA Vksfd;ks esa vkcknh ?k.khgksok lwa jsyka nqdkuka jh Nkrka ij pkySAVksfd;ks 'kgj esa jsyka jkS tkG&lks xqafFk;ksM+kSgS& vkxS&ikNS] MkoS&the.kS] ÅapS&uhpSèkM+èkM+ djrh jsyka pkyrh jSoSA

tkikfu;ka uaS vkijh jsyka jkS Vkbe jhikcanh jkS ?k.kkS vatl gSA cBS jsyka ysV uhagqoS] dnsbZ gqoS rkS dqN lsdaMka lk: bZtAEgkajh xkMh fgjksf'kek vkMh Hkkxh tkoS ghAjsy jh iVM+h jS nksuka vkMh uS [ksrka esa vjtaxG rd esa fctGh jk rkjka jk [kaHkk#fi;ksM+k crkoS gk dS vBS m|ksx jkS fdÙkkSfoLrkj gSA ?kjka ekFkS Vsyhfotu jk vsfj;ykajk [kaHkk lkEgha vkaxGh fn[kkrk tkikuh lTtuJh Qqdqfl;k cksfy;k& vS vsfj;yka jk Fkksdns[kuS vki vanktkS yxk fyjkokS dS tkikuesa fdrjk Vsyhfotu gSA

lSdM+ka dkslka jh eqlkQjh esa nsf[k;kS dStkiku esa vsd vkaxG /kjrh csdkj dksuhiM+hA ekuyks dBSbZ tehu [ksrh jS yk;ddksuh] ik.kh jkS [kkMkS bZ gS] rkS m.kuaS bZ dkeesa ys jkf[k;kS gSA cha [kkMS esa dey bZ ck;fn;kA dey jh MkaMh] cht] iÙkk] Qwy]ika[kfM+;ka jkS lkx c.kkoSA

¼3½rk- 31 tqykbZ] 1959 uS lqcS 10 cft;ka

fgjksf'kek esa fo'o lEesyu l: gq;kSA izfrfufèkVSe lwa iSyka bZ HksGk gqo.k ykxX;kA EgSa ckjS

91

cjkenS esa ÅHkh ghA vpk.kpd vsd ykachck< jk ljnkj Vksi mrkj ekFkkS >qdk;eqtjkS dfj;kSA cksfy;k& vki t:j fgUnqLrkulwa vk;k gkS] EgSa vkLVªsfy;u gwaA ikap cjlnD[k.k&Hkkjr esa fj;ksM+kS gwaA vki fdlSiznsl lwa vk;k gkS\

EgSa dS;kS& jktLFkku jh gwaA&vkNkS! vkNkS! mnSiqj rd EgSa bZ x;ksM+kS

gwa] EgkjkS uke vsaMª;wt áwt gSA EguS ejkBhcksyck jh ?k.kh eu esa vk; jS;h gSA vkijSlkFk okGka esa dksbZ ejkBh cksyf.k;kS gS dSuha\

nwtS fnu EgSa m.kka uaS EgkjS izfrfufèkeaMG jk usrk Jh fgjs lwa feyk;kA áwt okalwaejkBh esa /kM+k/kM+ ckr djck ykxkA ejkBh jS^G* vk[kj jkS mPpkj.k oS ?k.kkS lq) djrkAEguS m.kka jS G* jS mPpkj.k ij [kqlh gq;hvj vpaHkkS bZ vk;kSA vki.kS vBS jk fgUnhcksyf.k;ka Hkk;ka lwa [kkldj mÙkj iznsl vjfcgkj okGka lwa G* cksy.kh uha vkoSA G* jkSiz;ksx jktLFkkuh] iatkch] xqtjkrh vj ejkBhesa rks [kwc gqoSA

b.k ^G* uaS ys;uS EguaS vsd twuh ckr;kn vk;xhA chdkusj jkt esa egkjktkxaxkflagth jS cxr esa egktu jk jktkgfjflagth Bkok ljnkj gkA chdkusj jkt esam.kka fnuka vsd gqde fudkfG;kS dS jkt jhukSdfj;ka esa chdkusj jk yksxka uaS bZ jkf[k;ktkoSA Qyk.kkS chdkusjh gS dS uha] b.kjkSbfErgku ?k.kh fcfj;ka egktu&jktk lkgcfy;k djrkA b.k bfErgku jh t:jr ;wavk;h dS ?k.kk t.kk udyh lVhZfQdsV yschdkusjh c.k tkorkA mEesnokj jh tkapdjck oS jktk lkgc m.kuaS iwNrk& cksyks[kGG&[kGGA ckgjokGka lwa lq) mPpkj.kuh a dj.kh vkork S vk Sj o S ck syrk[kyy&[kyyA m.k bZ cxr jktkth QSlyks

lq.kk nsrk& FkkjS chdkusjh gkso.k esa [kyygS Hkk;kA

Jh áwt egkjk"Vª jh eka;yh ckrka jh?k.kh tk.kdkjh jk[kSA cBS jh tutkfr;ka jStho.k vj laLÑfr jh ckrka lq.kkck ykX;krkS eu esa EguS ?k.kh lje vkbZA EgSa rkS okatutkfr;ka jkS uke bZ uha lqf.k;kSA

¼4½dkUÝsal gky jS ckjS ÅHkk izfrfufèk yksx

xIika yxk; jS;k gkA xjeh rst iM+ jh ghAtkiku esa Nkrka jk ia[kk rks gqoS bZ uhaA lct.kk gkFkka esa tkikuh dkxt jk ia[kk yh/kkafgyk; jS;k gkA lwMku jk izfrfufèk bftIVjh yqxkbZ izfrfufèk fel dje uS crGk;h&xjeh rkS vBS bZ vkika ftlh iM+S gS i.ktkikuh vkika ftlk dkGk D;wa dks;uh\if'peh teZuh jkS izfrfufèk gkQwa&gkQwa djrkSQwadka nsrkS fQj jS;kS gkS& ej x;kS xjehvkxS] EgSa rkS dkyS ijkS tkowaykA

;wjksi jh vsd toku yqxkbZ izfrfufèkvkijS cVoS lwa dk<S vj ;wMhdksyu jh lhlhuS NkaVS ekFkS iSA EgSa duS cSBh] EgkjS bZyykV jS m.k ;wMhdksyu yxk;kSA EgSa dS;kS&EguS blh T;knk xjeh dksuh ykxSA EgSajktLFkku jh vj ck bZ rirS chdkusj jhjSo.kokGh] tBS b.klwa cslh xjeh iM+SA

ft.k Hkou esa dkUÝsal gqbZ m.kjS HksGSbZt lkafr Lekjd E;wft;e gkSA ?k.k[kjk EgsokS E;wft;e ns[k.k ykxX;kA b.k E;wft;eesa fgjksf'kek esa tha vSVe ce lwa rckgh gqbZgh m.kjh rlohjka] uDlk vj vkadM+k tek;jkf[k;k gSA iwjkS fooj.k m.k izGS jkS ns;jkf[k;kS gSA m.k egkuk'k jk jk[klh djeka uSns[k ctj jh NkrhokGka jS bZ vkalw vk;kafcuk uha jSoSA Hkhar iS vsd eksVh lkjh rlohjykx jhA m.kesa /kwaoS jkS exjS jkS exjkS yirk

92

yxksyx ÅapkS p< jS;kS gSA vSVe ce jSQwVrka bZ fgjksf'kek uS vkijh dkGh Nk;k esa<kadrks vkS QksVw pkj gtkj ehVj nwjka lwa[kSafp;kS gkSA 1945 jh Ng vxLr lqcS vSuvkB ct*j 15 feuV iS vsd vesfjdk jSfoek.k ce Qsafd;kSA okS lR;kuklkh foek.kce Qsadrka bZ uVkVwV ikNS ixka Hkkfx;kSA okSblkS rst Hkkfx;kS dS ce QwVS&QwVS tha jSiSyka 16 fdyksehVj HkkxuS nwj fudGX;kSA

ce tehu lwa 570 ehVj ÅapkS vkdklesa QwfV;kSA /kjrh ij iM+*j QwVck lwa brjkSukl uha gks ldS] D;wadS ce esa brjh rkdrgh dS tehu esa /kal tkorkSA tdka feu[kkace uaS vkdkl esa QwVrkS nsf[k;kS oka crk;kSdS ce QwVrka bZ blkS ykX;kS tk.kS ijpaMlwjr /kjrh iS mrj jS;kS gSA ce QwfV;kSft.k osGk m.klwa xjeh fudGh] ok nks yk[klsaVhxzsM ghA lkS lsaVhxzsM xjeh esa ik.khmdGck ykx tkoSA ok xjeh gh nks yk[kAHkwaxM+k frM+dS T;wa feu[k frM+dX;kA oksèkwaèkS jkS cknGkS] ft.kuaS vk.kfod cknG dSoS]vM+rkGhl lSfdaM esa rhu gtkj ehVj ÅapkSpf<;kSA lk<h vkB feuV esa rkS ukS gtkjehVj Åij p<X;kSA ianzg feuV iNS b.kcknGS esa lwa cj[kk gkso.k ykxhA nks ?kaVkarkabZ cjkcj dknkS cjlrkS jS;kSA jsfM;kSlfØ;rk jk tks d.k /kwa/kS jS lkxS Åij ijkx;k gk] m.kka uS cj[kk ikNk uhpS ys vk;hA

ce QwVck jS 20 feuV iNS uhpS tehuiS yk; ykxxhA ydM+h jk vj ckalM+ka jktaxG HkHkd&HkHkd cGck ykxX;kANksVk&eksVk lc ?kj Hkle gks;X;kA vk[kS bZ'kgj esa [kkyh NkbZl vj v/kcfG;k jS;X;kAufn;ka jk iqG VwVX;kA xkMh jh iVfM+;kackadh gq;xhA xjeh brjh gq;h dS yksg dkabZiRFkj fi?kGX;kA fgjksf'kek yk; jh yiVka esalek;X;kSA rhu fnuka rkabZ èkwa&èkwa cGrkS

jS;kSA gfj;kS&Hkfj;kS taxG vj 'kgj jk[k jkSf<xykS gks;X;kSA

¼5½b.k d;ker esa yksx&yqxk;ka] Vkcj&

Vhaxjka jh nqjnlk gq;h] m.kjh ckr rkS dSo.ktksx bZ dks;uhaA vkaf[k;ka nsf[k;ksM+k gky]cBSokGk lq.kk; jS;k gkA EgkjS esa rks lq.kckjh gher bZ dks;uh gh] dkGtkS dkai&dkaitkrkSA yiVka vkHkS jS vM+ jh gh] feu[kcjGk; jS;k] Vkcj fpjGk; jS;k] dq.k&fd.kjhlq.kS] dq.k fd.kuaS cpkoS efj;k&cfG;k! yiVkaesa Hkle! b.k Hk;adj dkaM jh ;kn lwa bZtfeu[k jh psruk ijh tkoSA 2 yk[k 40 gtkjyksx&yqxkbZ vj Vkcj cjGkork Fkdk thaorkcGX;kA 51 gtkj cqjh rjg ?kk;y gks;X;kAvsd yk[k vkljS ekewyh ?kk;y gq;kA

b.k ujes/k esa tGuS ej x;k oka rkSlq[k ik;kS] i.k T;kajh lkalka ckdh jS;xh oSthaorh yklka ^ik.kh&ik.kh* dj jh gh] i.kik.kh jS tckc esa dkG m.kka uS yk; jhyiVka esa NkukS dj nsrkSA Mhy jk xkHkkcGX;k] MksG lwtX;kA] dsl cGX;k] pkeM+hvj gkMfd;ka cGuS yVdX;kA vS uj&dadkGpsrkS vkorka bZ djGkork& ^ik.kh&ik.kh*Aik.kh dBS\ ikokokGkS dq.k\ vki.kS iqjk.kka esath jkSjo ujd jkS oj.ku dh/kkS] okS b.kjSvkxS rqPN gSA tks gky rlohjka esa nsf[k;kSvj tks ns[k.kokGka jk ewaMk lwa dkuka lqf.k;kSm.kuaS fy[kck uS vj dSck uS dksbZ yct bZuhaA E;wft;e uaS ns[krka eu nq[k] Xykfu vjvarnkZg lwa cGck ykxX;kSA eu esa jS;&jS;vkS loky ÅBrkS& feu[k blkS gR;kjkS gksldS gS\ vS ns[k jS;k gka tks lkph rlohjkagS\ gs Hkxoku! feu[k jS lkFkS vkS cjrkodh/kkS\ feu[k bZ blkS gkS ldS rkS iNSjk[kl] filkp] nSR; b.klwa T;knk dkabZ gqoSyk\

93

¼6½fgjksf'kek jS lR;kukl jkS tkikfu;ka jS

fny vj fnekx iS ?k.kkS vlj ifM+;kSA cBSjk lkfgR;dkjka jS vkxS rkS vkt bZ fgjksf'keklwa ght cG jS;kS gS vj jk"Vªh; psrukokGktkikfu;ka jk dkGtk esa rkS vk gksGh ihf<;karkabZ lqGxrh jSoSykA

vsd fprjke gks Hkwrka jh lokjh*A fgjksf'kekesa yk; ykxck jS rqjUr iNS jh fNch ghAèkwaoS lwa dkGk ifM+;ksM+k uj dadkGka jkS >qaMT;kajk diM+k cGX;k( ukxk] pkeM+h QkfV;ksM+h]xkHkk T;wa yVfd;ksM+h] gkFk ewaMk lwft;ksM+k]nq[k lwa gksl&gokl xk;c] T;ka esa vr lw>Su xr] fcpGk;ksM+k] <wa<k T;wa ohjku gq;ksM+hxfG;ka esa cserGc HkVd jS;kA m.k cxr jhvlyh gkyr gh vkA vsd fp= vkSj gkSAvSVe ce lwa fudGh csfglkc xjeh lwa yksx?kcjk;X;kA

?kk;y ik.kh&ik.kh* dj jS;kA ik.kh dBS\uGka jh yS.kka VwVxhA pk:a vkMh uS yk;ykxjhA frfl;k ejrka daB lw[k jS;kA ljhj?kkoka lwa fpjht jS;kA ^ik.kh&ik.kh* djrkunh lkEgha nkSfM+;kA nkSM+.kkS okalwa rkcS vk;uha jS;kS] lkal ys.kkks bZ uha vk; jS;kSAmBrk&iM+rk unh jS fdukjS tk; ik.kh jSgksB yxk;kSA gk cBS jk cBS BaMk iM+X;kAunh jS fdukjS yksFkka jk f<xyk ykxX;kAfgjksf'kek lgj jS eka;uS lkr ufn;ka cSoS vjlkrwa ufn;ka yksFkka lwa HkjxhA

lqcS jkS cxr gkSA Vkcj i<.k uS x;k gkAvsd fnu iSyka gokbZ geyS lwa VwfV;ksM+k ?kjkaesa enn lk: tkck jkS Ldwy jk Vkcjka jkSizksxzke gkSA ekLVjka jS ykjS Ldwyka jk VkcjVksGk jk VksGk enn lk: tk; jS;k gkAm.kh*t cxr okS gR;kjkS ikih ce ifM+;kSA^eka&eka* djrk HkksGkHkkGk ewaMk jk Vkcj cBSjk cBS lh>X;kA m.k osGk jkS fprjke ns[k.kh

uha vkoSA vkt bZ fgjksf'kek jh ekaoka vk/khjkr jk l.k.k&l.k.k* djrS ck;jS esa eka&eka*jksork Vkcjka jk gsyk lq.kSA

EgkjS lwa rkS oS fprjke ns[k.kh uha vk;kAvkaf[k;ka ehapuS cSBxhA fprjkeka uaS ns[k&ns[kfgjksf'kek jh tkikuh yqxk;ka jks; jh ghAm.kka jS ewaMkxS m.kka jk Vkcj ;wa gh eka&eka*djrk] cGrk&cjGkork efj;k gkA fdrjk bZVkcj cBS ÅHkk&ÅHkk vkijk eka&cki uS ;kndj jks; jS;k gkA gs Hkxoku! okS utkjkS ;knvkoS tn vkt Hkh EgkjkS dkGtkS Fkj&Fkjdjck ykx tkoSA

¼7½b.k foLo lEesyu esa lalkj jk lkjk bZ

nslka lwa izfrfufèk vk;k gkA vesfjdk lwa bZikap&lkr ljnkj vk;k gkA m.kka esa MkW-iksfyax bZ gkA MkW- iksfyax vesfjdk jk ukehjlk;u 'kkL=h gSA vk.kfod vL=ka uS dkeesa ysck iNS m.kka jkS dkabZ&dkabZ vlj nqfu;kekFkS gqoS] b.k fo"k; esa MkW- iksfyax ?k.khlksèk dh/kh gSA b.kh*t dke ekFkS vkauS ukscyiqjLdkj fefG;kSA

MkW- iksfyax lEesyu esa ?k.kk tksjnkjcksfy;kA MkW- iksfyax jkS Hkk"k.k lq.k] lq.kckokGka jk dkuka jh f[kM+fd;ka [kqyxhA vkxSnqfu;ka va/kkjh nh[kck ykxhA Egkjk jketh!vka eksVk nslka jk eksVk yhMjka uS ts dqcqf)vk;xh rkS vk nqfu;ka] ft.kuaS gtkjka cjlkalwa ekuoh ltkorkS] fl.kxkjrkS [kiX;kS gS]vsd iG esa xkjr gq; tkoSykA

tkiku jk yksxka b.k v.kqce&fojks/khfoLo lEesyu jS ekSdS iS cMkS tcjnLrlkaafr ekpZ dh/kkSA nwj&nwj lwa feu[k ixkapkyrk] ekpZ djrk] fgjksf'kek rd vk;kArkoM+S lwa Nk;k jk[kck uS pkjS jk xwafFk;ksM+keksVk&eksVk Vksi ekFkS esy jkf[k;k gkA ykach]

94

[kwc ykach lokjh fudGhA lxGka lwa vkxSrkS iSny ekpZ djuS vkof.k;ka] m.kka jS ykjSfonslka lwa vk;ksM+k izfrfuf/k( ikNS fgjksf'kekjh v.kikj turkA

Hkjh nqiSjhA dksbZ rhu cft;ka jkS rkoM+kSrM+d jS;kSA lwjt dM+ jS;kSA lokjh pkyhAEgka yksxka jS vki&vkijk nslka jk >aMk gkFkesaA ilhukS Vid jS;kSA xsyS jS nksbZ vkMh uSeku[kkS ekoS uhaA FkkGh QsadS rkS vkax.kS uhaiM+SA nqdkuka jh] ?kjka jh Nkrka feu[kka lwayn jhA Nkrka ij lwa vkne& yqxk;ka Qwykajh fcj[kk dj jS;kA jafx;ksM+k dkxtka jhdrj.k jh iq"i&fcj[kk dj.kS jh cBS jhr gSAÅaph&Åaph gosfy;ka lwa dkxt jk QhrkuhpS EgkaiS yVdk; jS;kA Qwyka lwa lM+dHkjxhA ekFkk iS jax&jaxhyk dkxt jk QhrkyVd jS;kA Vsyhfotu lk: rLohjka [kSapckuaS gsyhdkIVj ekFkk iS vk;&vk;] mM&mMtk; jS;kSA

vkS mNkg vj lqokxr tkikfu;ka m.kkayksxka jkS dh/kkS tks vk.kfod vL= iS ikcanhyxkck jh vkokt mBkck uS nsl&fonsl lwaleanj yka?kuS vk;k& iSny pkyrk] 'kkafrekpZ djrk] nsl jk [kw.kka&[kw.kka lwa] Vkiw&Vkiwlwa cBS vk;kA ;wa rkS P;k:a dkuh gj[k&mNkgutj vk; jS;kS gkS] i.k turk iS teuS utjuk[kckokGka uaS varl esa vkSj bZ ckr nh[khAlM+d jS nksbZ dkuh ÅHkh yqxk;ka jk #ekyvkalwM+ka lwa vkyk gkA vkS ekpZ ns[k m.kka jhvka[;ka vkxS ponk cjlka iSyka jkS utkjkSNk;X;kSA okauS ?kjchrh ;kn vk; jS;h ghAokajk fgoM+k gcwdk ysck ykxX;kA oS vkalwM+kiwaNrh tk;jh gh] vj Qhdk&Qhdk ewaMka lwa

eqGd uS lkafr&lSfudka jkS lqokxr djrhtk; jh ghA m.kka jS varj jkS vanktkS yxk.kkSdksbZ dB.k uha gkSA lxGh tkikuh ekoka jhvsd vkokt gh& Egkajk Vkcjka jh [kSfj;rlk: lkafr jh vkokt mBkokSA

ekpZ dj.k uS vkof.k;ka vj ijnslka lwavk;ksM+k izfrfuf/k;ka lk: m.kka jS eu esa?k.kkS eku gkSA ekpZ djf.k;ka uS jksd&jksdik.kh jh fxyklka yqxk;ka >yk; jh ghA EguaSrkoM+S esa dGeGkrh ns[k vsd yqxkbZ vkijSekFkS jkS Vksi mrkj EgkjS ekFkS iS esy nh/kkS(vsd t.kh vkijkS ia[kkS EgkjS gkFk esa >yk;nh/kkSA EguaS dM+dM+rS rkoM+S esa rirh vjilhuS lwa yFkiFk ns[k m.kka uS nq[k gks jS;kSgkSA ;wjksi lwa vk;ksM+k izfrfuf/k rkS rkoM+S lwayky cEc iM+X;kA m.kka jk dku rkS blkjkrk gks;X;k dS tk.kS vckj yksgh VidiM+SykA

lokjk lw/kh tw>kjka jh nsoGh iS xbZAvSVe ce lwa efj;ksM+ka jh ;kn esa dkGS HkkBSjh lekf/k c.kk;ksM+h gSA lxGk t.kka cBStk; ekFkkS >qdk;kS] <ksy iS rky ykxhA rkyjS lkxS cSaM jh /kqu xxu xqatk; nhèkkS&never again the atom Bomb

dnSbZ uha] vcS vSVe&ce dnSbZ uhaAlqj esa lqj feyk; yk[kka daB xkok

ykfx;k&vSVe&ce dnSbZ uha] dnSbZ uhaA

dnSbZ [kkyh cSBh jSÅa rkS m.k lka> jh oSxSjh Hkkoukoka ;kn vk; tkoS vj EgSa cka esaxe tkowaA

zz

95

vc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkfpfi;ksM+ks¾tqM+ÓksM+kS] feY;ksM+kSA >kadh¾ns[;kSA iwxrka Ã¾iksaprk ÃA ekaM¾dksj uS] c.kk; uSewaMkxS¾ewaMS lkaEgh] ewaMS vkxGA ykjS Ã¾lkxS jk lkxSA cfM+;k&eka;uS x;kA mMhdrka&ckVtksorkaA vksG[kS&fiNk.kS] tk.kSA xSjh¾?k.kh] lka?k.khA vatl¾xqest] xkSjoA ok; fn;k¾cksfn;k] cht fn;kA ykach o< jk&ykacS dn jkA oxr&c[kr] leSA Qyk.kh¾veqdA ?k.khfofj;ka&dsbZ ckjA [kyy¾vVdko] fo?kuA eka;yh¾Hkhrj jhA rckgh¾fo.kklA uVkVwV¾?k.kSosx lwaA dknkS¾dhpM+A d;ker¾ÁG;A cjGk; j;k¾fpjGk; jS;kA yct¾yQt] lcnAxkjr¾cjcknA varl esa¾eu eka;A fgoM+k&fgjnkSA gcqdk&gwdA nsoGh&lekf/kA xe tkÅa¾[kkstkÅaA


fodGikÅ iMwÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iMwÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iMwÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iMwÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iMwÙkj okGk loky1- ^Egkjh tkiku ;k=k^ fd.k fo/kk jh jpuk gS&

¼v½ dgk.kh ¼c½ fuca/k¼l½ ;k=k laLej.k ¼n½ js[kkfprjkae

¼ ½2- MkW- ikWfyx fd.k nsl jk ukeh jlk;u 'kkL=h gS&

¼v½ vesfjdk ¼c½ tkiku¼l½ Ýkal ¼n½ :l

¼ ½3- ^EgkjS lwa rks oS fp=ke ns[k.kh uha vk;kA^ b.k dFku lwa fdlkS Hkko ÁdV gksoS&

¼v½ Hk; ¼c½ vpjt¼l½ d#.kk ¼n½ n;k

¼ ½4- ^lokjh lw/kh tw>kjka jh nsoGh iS x;h^ lokjh nsoGh ij D;wa x;h&

¼v½ nsoGh jkS QqVjk;kS ns[k.k uS ¼c½ tw>kjka uS ekFkkS Vsd.k uS¼l½ lEesyu jh l#vkr dj.k uS ¼n½ efj;ksM+k uS ;kn dj.k uS

¼ ½

lko NksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iMwÙkj okGk loky1- tkiku jkS vlyh uke dkaÃ gS\2- gsusM+k gokÃ&Vsl.k tkiku jS fdlS lgj esa vk;ksM+kS gS\3- v.ktk.k xkÃM ysf[kdk us fd.k dkj.k fiNk.k fy;k\4- MkW- ikWfyx uS fd.k dke ekFkS ukscy iqjLdkj fefy;kS\5- tkiku jk yksxka uS fd.k ckr jkS ?k.kkS vatl gS\

96

NksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iMwÙkj okGk loky1- Jh áwt jh ckrka lq.k^j ysf[kdk uS lje D;wa vkÃ \2- ^^tkikuh yksx /kjrh jkS lkxSM+kS mi;ksx djSA^* b.k vksGh jS vjFk jkS [kqyklkS djkS\3- ^^'kkafr Lekjd ns[k ctj Nkrh okGk jS vkalw vk;k fcuk dksuh jsoSA^* le>kokSA4- ^jk"Vªh; psruk okGk tkikfu;k jS dkGtS esa rks vk gksGh ihf<;ka rkaÃ flGxrh jSoSykA^*

vk fdlh gksGh gS \

ys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- tkikfu;k jS LokoyEch tho.k vj vkfrF;&lRdkj jkS nk[kyk ns;^j [kqyklkS djkS\2- fgjksf'kek ekFkS vsVe&ce QwVkS tn mBS dkaÃ gky gq;kS \ ikB jS vk/kkj ekFkS oj.ku djkSA3- v.kqce fojks/kh fo'o lEesyu jS ekSds tkikfu;ka jS 'kkafr ekapZ jkS utkjkS vkijS lcnka eka;

ÁdV djkS\4- ukscy iqjLdkj jh tk.kdkjh dj crkokS dS vkt rkaÃ vks iqjLdkj fd.k&fd.k Hkkjrh;ka

uS fefy;kS gS\5- uhspS fnjhth vksfG;ka jh ijlaxkÅ O;k[;k djkS&¼v½ lSdM+ka dkslka jh eqlkQjh esa nsf[k;kS dS tkiku esa vsd vkaxG /kjrh csdkj dksuh iM+hA

ekuyks dBSbZ tehu [ksrh jS yk;d dksuh] ik.kh jkS [kkMkS bZ gS] rkS m.kuaS bZ dke esa ysjkf[k;kS gSA cha [kkMS esa dey bZ ck; fn;kA dey jh MkaMh] cht] iÙkk] Qwy] ika[kfM+;kajkS lkx c.kkoSA

¼c½ fgjksf'kek jS lR;kukl jkS tkikfu;ka jS fny vj fnekx iS ?k.kkS vlj ifM+;kSA cBS jklkfgR;dkjka jS vkxS rkS vkt bZ fgjksf'kek lwa ght cG jS;kS gS vj jk"Vªh; psrukokGktkikfu;ka jk dkGtk esa rkS vk gksGh ihf<;ka rkabZ lqGxrh jSoSykA

¼l½ lokjk lw/kh tw>kjka jh nsoGh iS xbZA vSVe ce lwa efj;ksM+ka jh ;kn esa dkGS HkkBS jhlekf/k c.kk;ksM+h gSA lxGk t.kka cBS tk; ekFkkS >qdk;kS] <ksy iS rky ykxhA rky jSlkxS cSaM jh /kqu xxu xqatk; nhèkkS& vSVe&ce dnSbZ uha] dnSbZ uhaA

97

fjiksrkZtfjiksrkZtfjiksrkZtfjiksrkZtfjiksrkZt

vsd fnu vkijkSvsd fnu vkijkSvsd fnu vkijkSvsd fnu vkijkSvsd fnu vkijkS

fouksn lksekuh ^gal*fouksn lksekuh ^gal*fouksn lksekuh ^gal*fouksn lksekuh ^gal*fouksn lksekuh ^gal*

ys[kd&ifjpSys[kd&ifjpSys[kd&ifjpSys[kd&ifjpSys[kd&ifjpSfouksn lksekuh gal* jkS tue HkhyokM+k ftyS jS egsUæx<+ dLck esa 4 uoecj] 1938 esa gks;kSAvkijh l#vkrh Hk.kkbZ&fy[kkbZ egsUæx<+ esa vj iNS ukSdjh djrk Fkdka vtesj esa gks;hA Jhlksekuh jkS tho.k Hk.kkbZ&fy[kkbZ jh gVkSVh] lkfgR; fljt.k jS meko vj djM+h eS.kr lwaÅtGÓksM+kS tho.k gSA fgUnh eka; dsbZ iksF;ka Nih] i.k jktLFkkuh esa m.kka jh iksF;k gS&^[kkekslh* vj ^frl* ¼dgk.kh&laxzS½A JhdkUr oekZ jS ^ex/k* ukao jS dfork&laxzS jkS vkijktLFkkuh eka; mYFkkS dfj;kS tdkS dsUæh; lkfgR; vdknseh] fnYyh lwa Nfi;kS vj b.kh ekFkSlkfgR; vdknseh jkS vuqokn iqjLdkj feGÓkSA vkijh dsbZ jpukoka iqjLÑr gks; pqdh gSA

ikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSladfyr jpuk vsd fjiksrkZt gSA jktLFkkuh esa fgUnh jh Hkkar fjiksrkZt fy[k.k jh l#vkruwaoh bZ gSA ^vsd fnu vkijkS* ukao jS b.k fjiksrkZt esa ^vki* ukao lwa crGkbZT;ksM+SukSdjh&is'kk vkneh jh Nqêh jS fnu ctkj esa vQlj lwa ckrphr] n¶rj jS lkFkh&lkbZuka lwaBëk&el[kjh] djM+h&daoGh ckrka okGh gFkkbZ jh vsd fnu jh jiV gSA vkFkerS fnu vsdesgeku feG tkoS vj m.kka uS ys;*j ?kjka tkoS vj m.kka jkS iwjkS fnu ;wa gh chr tkoSAfxuk;r vko.k lwa eLrh esa [kyy iM+S vj iwjkS ewM fcxM+ tkoSA vki* Hkk;yS lwa ueLrs dj?kjka dkauh eqM+X;kA

vsd fnu vkijkSvsd fnu vkijkSvsd fnu vkijkSvsd fnu vkijkSvsd fnu vkijkS

vkt nhrokj gS vj vki vkijk Qkyrwcxr jS mi;ksx lk: ?kjka lwa ckjS fuljx;k gkSA ft.k rjS [kjhn djf.k;kS vkijS[kwaÖ;k esa fx.krh jk #fi;k ?kkyuS pkyS fc;kabZ vki Hkh ueLrs dj.kS jkS caMG mBk;uSpkY;k gkSA i.k dnS&dnS rkS ueLrs jkScaMG [kqyS bZ dksuh vj dnS&dnS vki uSvrjh ueLrs Bksd.kh iM+S dS m/kkj ys; uSdke pyko.kkS iM+SA

vki lM+d ij vk;X;k gkS vj vkxS cèkjS;k gkSA lkxS bZ LdwVj ij vkijkS cksl vk;jS;kS gSA vkijh futjka feGxh gSA vki QVkdlwa lSfud jh nkabZ ^xqM ekfu±x lj* dS;fn;kS gSA okS vkijh ukM+ uS FkksM+h&lhdfgyk; nh gSA okS vkijS duS LdwVj uS yk;FkkE;kS gS vj cksY;kS gS& ^^Nqêh euk; jS;kgkS\** vkijS fgjnk esa miT;kS dS vki Hkh rkseuk; jS;k gkS* vki vki ljek; uS eqGdrk

98

ewM esa dS; nsokS gkS& ^^vkijh fdjik gS]ljA**

cksl vj vki lM+d jS fdukjS f[kldvk;k gkSA Qs:a okS cksY;kS& ^ôS dsl dkySfuiVX;k gk ds\ EgSa rkS iwN.kkS bZ HkwyX;kSgkSA**

^^gka lj] oS rkS yap jS iSyka bZt fuiVk;fn;k gkA vkijkS dke rkS lS lwa iSyka fuiVkÅagwaA** vki vsd gqafl;kj DydZ jh nkabZ mFkGkSns; fn;kSA vkijk b± mFkGk lwa okS ?k.kkS jkthfOg;kS vj gsrkGw Hkko lwa cksY;kS gS& ^HkkbZ]ckdh jkS LVkQ rkS pks[kkS gS] i.k okS feJks?k.kks ijslku djS gSA lkGkS] dnS dke rkSdjS uha vj usrkfxjh djS gSA**

vki ik.kh jk <kG uS tk.kkS gkSA eLdkSyxkorka cksY;k gkS& ^^gka lj] vki lghQjekokS gkSA**

fc;ka vki eu esa rks jkth gkS dS feJksb.k jh ukd esa ne dj jk[;kS gS] i.k vkicksl uaS jkth jk[k.kkS pkokS gkS vj ekSdkSns[kuS gka esa gka feGk; jS;k gkSA vki dS;kSgS& ^^dkabZ djka lj! EgSa rkS m.kuaS ?k.kkS bZle>k;k djka] i.k okS gS bZt vfM+;y fdLejkS feu[kA dSoS gS dS ncsynkjh lwa dke uhad:aykA**

cksl jh psruk tkxxh gS& ^vPNk] EguSbZt dha&u&dha dj.kkS iM+lhA lkGS jhrch;r Bhd dj nsowaykA gkFk tksM+rkS fQjlhAEguS le>S dkabZ gS! vkf[kj EgSa Hkh QLVZDykl vQlj gwa] ukdka p.kk pcok; nsowaykA**

vki LohÑfr lwpd eqGd fn;k gkS]fc;ka eu esa [kh> jS;k gkSA ckrka bZ ckrka esavkiuS ?k.kh csGÓk gq;xh gSA vki t:jhdke jkS ck;ukS djuS cksl lwa fiaM NqMk;kS gSvj vkxS c/kX;k gkSA

FkksM+h bZ NsVh ij vkijkS vsd yaxksfV;kSfeGX;kS gSA tks vkiuS cksl jS lkFkS ckrka

djrka ns[k fy;kS gS& ^^dgks I;kjs] ?k.kkSeLdkS yxk;kS vkt rkS\**

vki jaX;k gkFkka idM++htX;k gkS] i.kgqafl;kjh lwa cksY;k gkS& ^^vjs ;kj] b;ka bZQkyrw VSe [kjkc dj fn;kSA vcS jLrk esafeGX;kS rkS ckr rkS dj.kh bZ iM+SA bL;kvQljka jh dkabZ ijok d:aA**

Hkk;ykS Hkh ?kqVh Fkdh jde gS& ^^rkSdkabZ gq;kS ;kj] vk ukSdjh bZ ;kau jh bZt gSAlyke uha BksdkS rkS vS csjkth gq; tkoS(dkabZ u dkabZ jhr lwa dlj fudkGSA b.kokLrS EgkjS xq#th Hkh dS;kS gS dS vQljdSoS dS fnu rkS fnu] okS dSoS jkr rkS jkrA**

^^feGk I;kjk gkFkA** vki rqd feykorkFkdk mNG ifM+;k gkSA nksuwa bZ tksjka lwaBgkdkS yxk; fn;kSA Qs:a ckr jkS #[kiyVrk Fkdka vki dS;kS gS& ^^;kj] jkr uScsch jh rch;r ?k.kh fcxM+xh ghA**

^î.k] Egklwa feGkS rkS ;kau jh Qkyrwckrka er djÓk djA** Hkk;ykS cksY;kS gSA okSdS;kS gS& ^pkj fnu jh ftuxk.kh esa vS nq[kjh ckrka jSo.k ns] dksbZ galh&[kqlh jh ckrdjA**

vki nksuwa vkxS c/kX;k gkSA dksbZ /ks;dksuh gSA vpk.kpwd vsd dfo&fe= feGX;kSgS& ûeLdkje~A**

vki nksuwa gkFk tksM+uS dS;kS gS& ^^dSokSdfojktk] ?k.kk fnuka lwa feGÓk gkSA dforkfd;ka pkyjh gS\**

dfo FkksM+kS xaHkhj gq;X;kS gSA okS nkjlfudvankt lwa cksY;kS& ^^lkfgR; jk ikj[kh gSdBS! dfork uaS dq.k le>S\ ckajh laosnuk uSdksbZ ijl uha ikoSA yksxka uS pkoS dksjkSeuksjatuA cl] Lokar% lq[kk; fy[krk jSokSA**

vki okauS mNko lwa dS; jS;k gkS&^^dfojkt] vk lk/ku jh ckr gSA turktkxSyh vj vsd fnu Fkkajh dforkoka fiNk.kh

99

tkoSyhA gka] vka fnuka dksbZ dfo&lEesyuuha gqoS gS----A**

^^gks; fj;kS gSA fujkyk t;arh vko.kokGh gSA ckjS lwa Hkh yksx vk; fj;k gSA**

^^[kwc! Egka lq.k.kS jS okLrS t:jvkokaykA** vki vS vk[kjh cksy cksyuS vkxScèkX;k gkSA

vcS vki pkSjk;k ij vk;X;k gkSA vkijkSnksLr vkijS lkFkS f?klV fj;kS gSA vBS pkSjk;kij dsbZ Hkkar&Hkarhyk eksVk&eksVk iksLVjykX;ksM+k gSA vkijkS Hkk;ykS vsd iksLVj ns[kfj;kS gS ft.kesa flusek jh QksVwoka ykX;ksM+hgSA vki ewaMS lwa lhVh ctk; nh gSA cBhuS okarhtk Hkk;yk jkS /;ku iksLVj lwa gV*j vkijSdkuh OgSX;kS gSA okS vkiuS ns[kuS mNGX;kSgSA vki nksuwa fyiVX;k gkS vj vsd&nwtS jkScks>kS mBk; fj;k gkSA

vki m.kjkS ifjpS vkijS lkFkh lwa djk;kSAiNS vki iwNÓkS& ^^vkt jkS dkabZ izksxzkegS\**

^^fiDpj jkSA**^^fdlh\**^^vklhjoknA b.k esa v'kksd dqekj jh

tksjnkj vsfDVax gSA**^^gwa··] v'kksd dqekj uS jk"Vªifr jkS

buke Hkh rkS feG pqD;kS gSA** lkFkhM+kS cksY;kSA^^feG.kkS bZt gkSA ckSr tksjka jkS dke gS

b.k esaA** nwtksM+kS Hkk;ykS dS;kSA^^vsdyk bZt tkokS gkS\** vki okauS iwN

jS;k gkSA^^Fks yksx Hkh pkyks ;kjA vkika jkS lkFkS

jSoSykA i.k ibZlka jkS flLVe vesfjdujSoSykA**

vki lxGk bZ gal iM+Ók gkS& ^Fkwa jSlhdatwl jkS datwlA

vki euk djuS vkxS c/kX;k gkSA vkijkdsbZ tk.;ka&fiNk.;ka feG fj;k gSA vki

fd.kh lwa gal uS] fd.kh lwa gSyks*] fd.kh lwagkFk fgyk;uS] dqNsd lwa vka[k ekjuS] vsdlwa eqDdks rk.kuS vj gsrkGw lwa pqacu jhvsfDVax ekjrk vfHkoknu dj fj;k gkSA vkiueLrs esa ekfgj gq;X;k gkSA trjk yksxcrjh bZ rjS lwa ueLdkjA ft.k rjS yksxlSdM+wa rjS jh galh esa ekfgj gqoS gS] m.khtrjS vki ueLrs esa vFkksfjVh gq;X;k gkSAvpk.kpwd vkijkS ekFkkS B.kdx;kS gSA vkijkvsd fjLrsnkj FkSyh yVdk;ka pY;k vk;fj;k gSA vki lkEgha iM+X;k gkS vj nksuwa gkFktksM+uS cksY;k gkS& ^^i/kkjkS] dBhuS vktjLrkS HkwyX;k gkS vkiA**

^^dkyS dksjV esa islh gS] lks pY;kSvk;kSA Fks vBS gkS bZt] b.k okLrS vkt bZvk;X;kSA FkksM+kS lkeku [kjhn.kkS gkSA** fjLrsnkjvkijh ckr lkQ djhA

vki vkijk Hkk;yk uS [kkjh nhB lwans[;kS gS vj m.k lwa VkVk djuS fjLrSnkj jSlkFkS ?kjka jh vkMh eqM+X;k gkSA Hkk;ykS vsdykSbZt pky ifM+;kS] i.k okS Hkh vk[kjh vfHkoknudj fy;kS gS& ueLrsA

vkijkS ewM fcxM+X;kS gS] D;wadS vkijheLrh esa [kyy iM+xh gSA esgeku lwa jkethcpkoSA i.k] vk;ka jh [kkrjh rkS dj.kh bZtiM+lhA vkijkS vkS vsd fnu ;ku bZt chrX;kS&cki dkabZ dj Hkh uha ik;k gkS] lksp Hkh uhaik;k gkSA

zz

100

vc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFknhrokj¾jfookjA cxr¾leS] c[krA fgjnk¾fg;kS] fnyA mFkGkS¾tokcA <kG¾<Gk.kAcsGÓk¾leSA ck;ukS¾cgkukS] vksGkoA yaxksfV;kS¾ckyxksfB;kS] ckyl[kkA csjkth¾jhlk.kkS]ukjktA Qkyrw¾csdkj] ck/kwA vpk.kpwd¾vpk.kpd] vsdkvsdA ijpS¾ifjp;] vksG[kk.kAèks;¾mísL;A vk[kjh¾NsgykS] vafreA trjk¾ftrjkSA ekfgj¾ikjaxrA L;kQ¾lkQAHkk;yk¾okgsyk] fe=A [kyy¾ck/kk] vVdko] fo?kuA mYFkkS¾vuqoknA


fffffodGikÅ iMwÙkj okGk lokyodGikÅ iMwÙkj okGk lokyodGikÅ iMwÙkj okGk lokyodGikÅ iMwÙkj okGk lokyodGikÅ iMwÙkj okGk loky1- ^vsd fnu vkijkS* jpuk fdlh fo/kk jh jpuk gS&

¼v½ laLej.k ¼c½ fjiksrkZt¼l½ O;aX; ¼n½ dgk.kh

¼ ½2- vkijS ^xqM ekfu±x lj* jS iM+wÙkj esa vQlj jS FkksM+h&lhd ukd fgyko.k lwa

dkabZ ijxV gqoS&¼v½ ukM+ esa njn gSA ¼c½ ukM+ eqM+S dksuh¼l½ vQlj esa êSa* gS ¼n½ ekrgr lwa uQjr gS

¼ ½3- vki LohÑfr ewyd eqGd fj;k gkS fc;ka eu esa [kh> jS;k gkSA vkijS eu

esa [kh> D;wa gq;h\¼v½ vQlj jS êSa* vkGS cksy lwa¼c½ ckrka esa ?k.kh csGÓk gkso.k lwa¼l½ vQlj lwa HksaV v.kpkgh gkso.k lwa¼n½ vQlj lkxS ckr djrka uS Hkk;yka jS ns[k.k lwa

¼ ½4- EgkjS xq#th dS;kS& ^^vQlj dSoS dS fnu rkS fnu] okS dSoS jkr rkS jkrA**

okS DydZ vkijk Hkk;yk uS xq#th jkS vkS cksy D;wa crk;kS\¼v½ vQlj jh [kqlken vkGS O;kSokj uS Bhd BSjko.k [kkrj¼c½ xq#th jS cksy jkS egÙo fn[kko.k [kkrj¼l½ Hkk;yk uS vkijh gqafl;kjh fn[kko.k [kkrj¼n½ Hkk;yka uS Bdqjlqgkrh nhB jkS uQkS crko.k [kkrj

¼ ½lko NksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iMwÙkj okGk loky1- ys[kd lksekuh th fd.k jpuk jkS jktLFkkuh mYFkkS djÓkS\2- fjiksrkZt esa ^vki* lcn jkS iz;ksx fd.k lk: gq;kS gS\3- dfo fe= lwa yksxka jh dkabZ fldk;r gS\4- ûkd esa ne dj.kkS* eqgkojS jkS dkabZ vjFk gSA

101

NksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iMwÙkj okGk loky1- ^^pkj fnu jh ftuxk.kh esa vS nq[k jh ckrka jSo.k nsA** vkijh fd.k ckr ekFkS m.kjkS Hkk;ykS

m.kuS vk ckr dS;h\2- ^^vki ueLrs esa ekfgj gq;X;k gkSA** b.k cksy jh lPpkbZ nk[kyk ns;uS ijxV djkSA3- ^^vkijkS vkS vsd fnu ;ku bZt chrX;kSA** ys[kd vk ckr D;wa dgh\4- vkijk vsd fjLrsnkj uS ns[k ^vkijkS* ekFkkS D;wa B.kd fx;kS\

ys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- ^^lkfgR; jk ikj[kh gS dBS\** vk ckr dq.k fd.kuS] dn vj D;wa dgh\ [kqyklkS djkSA2- b.k fjiksrkZt uS laLej.k dSo.k esa dkabZ vc[kkbZ gS\ [kqyklkS djkSA3- ^vsd fnu vkijkS* jpuk jS /ks; jkS [kqyklkS djkSA4- uhspS fnjhth vksfG;ka jh ijlaxkÅ O;k[;k djkS&¼v½ vkijkS Hkk;ykS vsd iksLVj ns[k fj;kS gS ft.kesa flusek jh QksVwoka ykX;ksM+h gSA vki ewaMS

lwa lhVh ctk; nh gSA cBhuS oka rhtk Hkk;yk jkS /;ku iksLVj lwa gV*j vkijS dkuh OgSX;kSgSA okS vkiuS ns[kuS mNGX;kS gSA vki nksuwa fyiVX;k gkS vj vsd&nwtS jkS cks>kS mBk;fj;k gkSA

¼c½ vkijkS ewM fcxM+X;kS gS] D;wadS vkijh eLrh esa [kyy iM+xh gSA esgeku lwa jkethcpkoSA i.k] vk;ka jh [kkrjh rkS dj.kh bZt iM+lhA vkijkS vkS vsd fnu ;ku bZtchrX;kS& cki dkabZ dj Hkh uha ik;k gkS] lksp Hkh uha ik;k gkSA

102

nwgknwgknwgknwgknwgk

ohj lrlbZohj lrlbZohj lrlbZohj lrlbZohj lrlbZ

lw;ZeYy ehl.klw;ZeYy ehl.klw;ZeYy ehl.klw;ZeYy ehl.klw;ZeYy ehl.kdfo&dfo&dfo&dfo&dfo&ifjpSifjpSifjpSifjpSifjpSjktLFkkuh dkO; ijEijk jh vkèkqfud dky jh iSyh dM+h jk dfo;ka esa dfooj lw;ZeYy ehl.kfljekSM+ dfo gSA jktLFkkuh dkO; jh pkj.k lSyh jk dfo ftdk ijEijkxr ewY;ka jSlkFkS&lkFkS vkèkqfud fopkjka uS bZ vkxS cèkk;k oka dfo;ka esa dfooj lw;ZeYy ehl.k jkS ukaofljS jS;kS gSA vkiuS ohj jlkorkj* Hkh dS;kS tkoSA dfojkt lw;ZeYy ehl.k jkS tue dkrhjk va/kkj&i[k jh vsde] laor~ 1872 uS cwanh esa gq;kSA vkijk firk cwanh jk jktdfo paMhnkuehl.k gkA Vkcji.kk lwa bZ vki cstksM+ çfrHkk jk èk.kh jS;kA nl cjl jh mej vkorka&vkorkavki jkejatkV* ukao jS x| xazFk jh jpuk djhA vkijk xq# nknwiaFkh lkèkq Jh Lo:inklthgkA lkfgR; fljt.k jS lkFkS&lkFkS lw;ZeYy laxhr jk lkèkd vj dqly oh.kkoknd gkA vkiN% C;ko djÓk] i.k vkiuS larku lq[k uha feGÓkSA vkijk psyka eka; x.ks'kiqjh* [kkl jS;kftdk ohj&fouksn* jh jpuk djhA dfooj lw;ZeYy ehl.k jh pkoh jpukoka b.k Hkkar jS;h gS&1- jkejatkV 2- oa'k HkkLdj 3- cyon~ foykl 4- Nanks e;w[k 5- ohj&lrlbZ 6- lrhjklks 7-èkkrq:ikofy 8- QqVdj dfoÙkA vka lxGh jpukoka eka; lwa dfo jh pkoh jpuk oa'kHkkLdj*xzaFk gS ftdkS jkojktk jkeflag jh bPNk lwa fy[khT;kSA vkS xzaFk bfr;kl] Hkklk vj lkfgR;jh nhB lwa ?k.kkS egrkÅ xazFk gSA b.k xazFk jh jpuk laor~ 1897 esa gqbZ b.k folky xazFk jkSewy ikB yxSVxS <kbZ gtkj ikuka jkS gSA lkfgR; fljt.k djrka&djrka vki vklk<+ cnh 11]laor~ 1925 esa lqjx flèkk;kA HkkSfrd :i law vkt vki Hkyka bZ uha gS] i.k vki vkijhjpukoka ik.k tqxka yx thork jSoSykA

ikB&ikB&ikB&ikB&ikB&ifjpSifjpSifjpSifjpSifjpSdfojktk lw;ZeYy ehl.k jh jpukoka eka; lwa vsd pkoh jpuk ohj&lrlbZ* jS;h gSA

^lrlbZ* jkS vjFk lkr lkS Nanka* jh jpuk lwa gqoS] i.k vk jpuk lkr lkS Nanka ¼nwgka½ eka;uha fy[khth gSA b.k eka; 288 nwgk bZt fy[khT;k gS] vk jpuk iwjh uha fy[kh tk ldhAohj&lrlbZ jh jpuk m.k tqx uS ns[krka ?k.kh egrkÅ fx.kh tk ldS] m.k c[kr Hkkjr esalu~ 1857 jS iSys Lora=rk laxzke jh Tokyk flGx.k ykxxh ghA b.k jpuk esa dsbZ BkSM+ b.kHkkar jk ladsr feGS gSA ohj lrlbZ esa ejtkn HkwY;ksM+k ohjka esa ohjrk txko.k jkS lansl gS]vaxjstka jh c/krh rkdr lwa dfo okdc gk vj m.kuaS ncko.k jkS lansl vkijh jpuk lwa fn;kSAdsbZ fopkjd rks vk Hkh dSoS dS ohj&lrlbZ* iSyMS+ Lora=rk laxzke jkS dkO;e; mn~xkj*gSA b.k jpuk esa vkn'kZ ohjka jkS fprjke gS rks ohj ukfj;ka jh çsj.kk gSA b.kesa dBSbZ ohj eka]dBSbZ ohj iRuh jh gqadkj vj psruk gS] rkS dBSbZ dk;jka jh fuank dj.k esa bZ dfo ikN uhajk[kh gSA b.k jpuk law vk ckr fl) gqoS* dS ts lekt jh ukjh ohj gksoS rkS lekt fd.khHkkar dk;j vj Mjiksd uh jS; ldSA ohjka jk vkn'kZ] ohj ukjh jh psruk vj dfo jh lh[kb.k jpuk jh [kkfl;r dS;h tk ldSA vkèkqfud jktLFkkuh dkO; ijiajk jh b.k jpuk esalxGS ^nwgk Nan* jkS ç;ksx gq;kS gS vj oS.klxkbZ jh fNc [kkl mYys[k tksx gSA

103

ohj lrlbZohj lrlbZohj lrlbZohj lrlbZohj lrlbZ

lg.kh lcjh gwa l[kh] nks mj myVh nkgAnw/k ytk.kkS iwr le] oy; ytk.kkS ukgAA

gFkGsoS jh ewB fd.k] gkFk foyXxk ek;Ayk[kka ckrka gsdykS] pwM+kS eks u ytk;AA

ukx.k tk;k phVGk] lhg.k tk;k lkoAjk.kh tk;k ug¡ #dS] lks dqyokV lqHkkoAA

?kksM+k ?kj <kyka iVy] Hkkyk FkaHk c.kk;Ats Bkdqj HkksxS teha] vkSj fdlkS vi.kk;AA

ef.kgkjh tk jh l[kh] vc u gosyh vkoAiho eqok ?kj vkfo;k] fo/kok do.k c.kkoAA

vBS lqtl izHkqrk mBS] volj efj;ka vk;Aej.kkS ?kj jS ekaf>;ka] te ujdka ys tk;AA

lwrk ?kj&?kj vkGlh] o`Fkk xqekoS cslA[kx /kkjk ?kksM+ka [kqjka] nkcS vtdk nslAA

ug¡ iM+kSl dk;j ujk¡] gsyh okl lqgk;AcfGgkjh ft.k nslM+S] ekFkk eksy fcdk;AA

VksVS ljdk¡ HkharM+k] ?kkrS Åij ?kklAokjhtS HkM+ >waiM+k¡] v/kifr;k¡ vkoklAA

bGk u ns.kh vki.kh] gkyfj;k gqyjk;Aiwr fl[kkoS iky.kS] ej.k cM+kbZ ek;AA

dk;j ?kj Å<+k dgS] dh /ko tksM+S dkeAd.k d.k lapS dhfM+;k¡] tksoS rhrj tkeAA

ft.k cu Hkwy u tkork] xSan xo; fxM+jktAfr.k cu tacqd rk[kM+k] Å/ke eaMS vktAA

fc.k ekFkS ok<S nGka] ikS<S djt mrkjAfr.k lwjka jkS uke ys] HkM+ cka/kS rjokjAA

zz

vc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkHkM+¾ohjA vksGx.k¾xko.k okGkA dsgjh¾flagA xt¾gkFkhA oko¾xa/kA oG;¾pwfM+;kaAèk.k¾iRuhA phVyk¾ukx.k jk cPpkA mj¾fgjnSA oy;¾pwM+kSA gsdykS¾vsdykSA phVGk¾liksGkAdqGokV¾dqG ijaijkA lqHkko¾LoHkkoA FkaHk¾FkaHkkA eqok¾efj;ksM+kA ekaf>;k¾chp esaA o`Fkk¾O;FkZAgsyh¾l[khA ljdk¾ljdaMkA bGk¾i`FohA Å<+k¾izkS<+kA /ko¾ifrA cu¾ouA xSan¾xSaMkSAtacqd¾fl;kjA ck<S¾dkVSA nGka¾lsukA HkM+¾ohjA


fodGikÅ iMwÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iMwÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iMwÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iMwÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iMwÙkj okGk loky1- ^ohj lrlbZ* jk jpukdkj gS&

¼v½ nqjlk vk<k ¼c½ bZljnkl¼l½ lw;ZeYy ehl.k ¼n½ ujlh Hkxr

¼ ½

104

2- lw;ZeYy ehl.k jkS tue&LFkku gS&¼v½ tks/kiqj ¼c½ chdkusj¼l½ ckM+esj ¼n½ cwanh

¼ ½3- dq.klkS xzUFk lw;ZeYy ehl.k jS jfp;ksM+kS uha gS&

¼v½ oa'k HkkLdj ¼c½ ohj lrlbZ¼l½ jk/kk ¼n½ jke jatkV

¼ ½4- lw;ZeYy ehl.k jk xq# dq.k gk\

¼v½ dchjnklth ¼c½ nknwn;ky¼l½ Lo:inklth ¼n½ jSnklth

¼ ½lko NksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iMwÙkj okGk loky1- lw;ZeYy ehl.k jkS tue dBS vj dn gks;kS\2- ôhj lrlbZ* fd.k jl jh jpuk gS\3- lw;ZeYy ehl.k ohj lrlbZ jh jpuk fd.k 'kSyh esa djh\4- lw;ZeYy jS firk jkS dkabZ uke gkS\NksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iMwÙkj okGk loky1- lw;ZeYy ehl.k jk nks xzaFkka jk ukao crkokSA2- lw;ZeYy ehl.k jfpr ôhj lrlbZ* esa fdÙkk nwgk gS\3- fla/kw jkx dq.k xkork\ b.kjkS dkabZ egÙo gkS\4- ^^lks dqG okV lqHkko** esa dfo dkabZ dSo.kkS pkoS\5- ohj iRuh ?kksM+S jh cMkbZ fd.k Hkkar djh gS\

ys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- lw;ZeYy ehl.k jkS tho.k ifjp; nsork Fkdka lkfgR; txr esa b.kka jS ;ksxnku jkS

[kqyklkS djkSA2- dfo lw;ZeYy ehl.k ohj lrlbZ esa ohjRo jh O;atuk fd.k Hkkar djh gS\3- ôhj lrlbZ* jk ifBr Nanka jS vk/kkj ekFkS jktLFkku jh ohj ukjh jk xq.kka jkS c[kk.k djkSA4- uhpS fnjhT;k nwgka jh ijlaxkÅ O;k[;k djkS&¼v½ ?kksM+k ?kj <kyka iVy] Hkkyk FkaHk c.kk;A

ts Bkdqj HkksxS teha] vkSj fdlkS vi.kk;AA¼c½ fc.k ekFkS ok<S nGka] ikS<S djt mrkjA

fr.k lwjka jkS uke ys] HkM+ cka/kS rjokjAA¼l½ VksVS ljdk¡ HkharM+k] ?kkrS Åij ?kklA

okjhtS HkM+ >waiM+k¡] v/kifr;k¡ vkoklAA

105

lksjBklksjBklksjBklksjBklksjBk

psrko.kh jk pwaxVÓkpsrko.kh jk pwaxVÓkpsrko.kh jk pwaxVÓkpsrko.kh jk pwaxVÓkpsrko.kh jk pwaxVÓk

dsljhflag ckjgBdsljhflag ckjgBdsljhflag ckjgBdsljhflag ckjgBdsljhflag ckjgB

dfo&ifjpSdfo&ifjpSdfo&ifjpSdfo&ifjpSdfo&ifjpSjktLFkkuh dkO; ijEijk esa oS dfo ftdk dkO; fljt.k jS lkFkS nsl jS Lora=rk laxzke esavkijh egrkÅ Hkwfedk fuHkk;h vj nsl jS [kkrj vkijkS lSa dh cfynku dj fn;kS] vSM+k Hkkjrekrk jk liwrka esa jktLFkku jk dfo dsljhflag ckjgB jkS ukao [kkl rkSj lwa fy;kS tk; ldSAb.kka jh çsj.kk lwa vka jkS NksVks HkkbZ vj csVkS Hkh vktknh [kkrj vkijS tho.k uS gkse fn;kSAdfo dsljhflag ckjgB jkS tue 21 uoEcj] 1872 uS 'kkgiqjk ¼HkhyokM+k½ fBdk.kS jS nso[ksM+k*xkao esa gq;kSA vkijk firk fd'kuflag th ckjgB Hkh pkok dfo vj bfrgklfon~ gkA m.k cxrnsl esa vktknh jkS vkanksyu pkyrkS gkS] lks vki vkanksyu esa dwn iM+ÓkA iSyh vkijh vkLFkkvfgald vkanksyuka dkauh uha ghA vki fgald vkanksyu jk lejFkd jS;kA b.kh dkj.k oS^vfHkuo Hkkjr* ukao jS ØkfUrdkjh laxBu lwa tqM+X;k vj jktLFkku esa b.k jh tM+ka teko.klk: [kwc ç;kl djÓkA Hkkjr jS Lora=rk laxzke esa vkijkS iwjkS ifjokj ykxX;kSA vkijkNksVk HkkbZ tksjkoj flag gkfMZax ce dkaM* esa vijkèkh ?kksflr gq;k] i.k vkiuS dksbZ idM+uha lD;kSA vkijkS liwr çrkiflag ckjgB Hkh dzkafrdkjh jS;kSA oks bZ ohj gkS] i.k m.kuS èkks[kSlwa idM+ fy;kS vj tsG esa dSn dj fy;kSA v.kwarh tkrukoka jS dkj.k m.kjh tsG esa bZtekSr gks;xhA vaxjsth ljdkj vkiuS bZ lu~ 1912 esa fxj¶rkj dj fy;kSA iNS dksVk vjgtkjh ckx tsG esa vkiuaS jk[khT;kSA vkiuS 1919 esa tsG lwa ikNh eqxrh feyhA dfodsljhflag vkijS fopkjka lwa jtokM+ka uS bZ vkS le>ko.k jkS tru djrk jS;k dS vaxjstka jkSjkt ?k.kk fnuka rkabZ jSo.k okGkS uha gS] b.k okLrS lxGka uS vkxS vk;*j b.k jkt uaS gVko.kesa lS;ksx dj.kkS pkbZtS] oS fy[;kS&

^^vofèk vc vksNhg] lksphtS lg HkwiR;kaAiM+x+h i[k iksphg] uhr lyksph ug j[khAlkT;ka cf.kdka lkt] jtoV oV [kksoS fjiqA

jglh ugha vks jkt] vkt yxka ft.k fcèk jákSA**oSs dfo jS nkf;Ro uS uha HkwY;k oS fy[;kS dS vsd pkj.k dfo jkS tho b.k nqjxr uS

ns[k ?k.kkS nq[k ik; jákS gS&^^[k=oV ekagS [kksV] ns[kS nq[k ikoS nqlgA

rn pkj.k pqHkrh pksV] fgjnS lcnka jh g.kSAA**vktknh jk ØkfUrdkjh dfo dsljhflag vkijS tho.k jS NSgyk fnuka esa vafglk

vUnksyu jk lejFkd c.kX;kA 14 vxLr] 1941 esa nsl jh lsok djrka Fkdka vkS lsod vkijhtho.k&;k=k uS fojke fn;kSA

106

ikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSHkkjr jS Lora=rk vkUnksyu jS bfrgkl esa dfo dsljhflag ckjgB jk fy[;ksM+k 13 lksjBk^psrko.kh jk pwaxVîk* jS uke lwa ?k.kk pkok jS;kA vS lksjBk bfrgkl uaS vsd uwaokS eksM+ fn;kSAlu~ 1903 esa fnYyh esa ykMZ dtZu vsd njckj jkS vk;kstu djÓkSA b.kesa Hkkjr jk lxGkjktkoka uS njckj esa gktjh nso.k jkS U;wrkS fnjhT;kSA esokM+ jk egkjk.kk Qrgflag bZ fnYyhlk# Oghj gks;kA dfo dsljhflag ckjgB vk pkork gk dS esokM+ jh vueh ikx ftdh eqxykavkxS bZ uha >qdh ok vaxjstka lkaEgh uha >qdS] b.k okLrS vki vS lksjBk fy[k egkjk.kk jh lsokesa HksT;kA vka lksjBka uS i<+ fnYyh iwX;ksM+k egkjk.kk njckj esa gktj uha gks;k vj ikNkmn;iqj vk;X;kA 1903 esa vaxjstka jS fojksèk jh vk ?kVuk vsfrgkfld jS;hA egkjk.kk jkSnjckj esa uha tko.kkS esokM+ jh vku&eku&ejtknk uS cpk; fy;kS vj esokM+ jh vueh ikxftdh iSyh fd.kh jS lkaEgh uha >qdh] m.k cxr bZ uha >qdhA vS vsfrgkfld lksjBk b.k okLrSegrkÅ gSA

psrko.kh jk pwaxVÓkpsrko.kh jk pwaxVÓkpsrko.kh jk pwaxVÓkpsrko.kh jk pwaxVÓkpsrko.kh jk pwaxVÓkix&ix HkE;k igkM+] /kjk NkaM jk[;kS /kjeAegkjka.kk *j esokM+] fgjnS cfl;k fgan jSAA

?k.k ?kfy;k ?kelka.k] jka.k lnk jfg;k fuMjAis[karka Qqjeka.k] gypy fde Qrey gqoSAA

fxjn xtka ?kelka.k] ugpS /kj ekbZ ughaAekoS fde egjka.k] xt nks lS jk fxjn esaAA

vkSjka uS vklka.k] gkdka gjoG gky.kkSAfde gkyS dqGjka.k] gjoG lkgka gkafd;kAA

ufj;an lg futjka.k] >qd djlh ljlh tdkAiljsykS fde ika.k] ika.k Fkdka FkkjkS QrkAA

flj >qfd;k lgalkg] fla?kkl.k ft.k lkaeuSjG.kkS iaxr jkg] QkcS fde rksuS QrkAA

ldG p<koS lhl] nkau /kje ft.kjkS fn;sAlkS f[krkc cxlhl] yso.k fde yypkolhAA

ns[kSyk fganoka.k] fut lwjt fnl usg lwaAi.k rkjk ijeka.k] fuj[k fulklka uka[klhAA

ns[ks vatl nhg] eqGdsykS eu gh eukaAnaHkh x< fnYyhg] lhl uearka lhlonAA

var csj vk[khg] ikry ts ckrka igyAjka.kka lg jk[khg] ft.kjh lk[kh fljtVkAA

^dB.k tekaukS* dkSy] cka/kS uj gher fcukAohjka gankS cksy] ikry lkaxS iSf[k;kSAA

eka.k eksn lhlksn] jktuhfr cG jk[k.kkSAxojfeaV jh xksn] QG ehBk nhBk QrkAA

zz

vc yx lkjka vkl] jka.k jhr dqG jk[klhAjgkS L;k; lq[kjkl] vsdfyax izHkq vkijSAA

107

vc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkHkfe;k¾HkVdrk jS;kA Qqjek.k¾Qjeku ¼gqde½A fxjn¾xjn] [kad] jathA /kSjkS¾usgpS]iDdk;rA gjoG¾gjkoG] vkxhok.kA ujh;an¾ujsUæ] jktkA ik.k¾rjokj] gkFkA fulkalkuk[klh¾nq[k Hkjh lkal NksM.kh] vQlksl tkfgj dj.kkSA vatl¾xqest] xkSjoA nhg¾nhj?k]eksVkSA cSj¾cxr] leSA vkf[kg¾dS;kS] Hkk[khA gankS¾jkSA f[krkc¾mikf/k] inohA


fodGikÅ iMwÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iMwÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iMwÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iMwÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iMwÙkj okGk loky1- ^futjka.k* lcn jkS vjFk gS&

¼v½ jk.kk jkS futw ¼c½ futj vko.kkS¼l½ HksaV ¼n½ futj ykx.kh

¼ ½2- ^psrko.kh jk pwaxVÓk* fd.k lk: fy[khT;k\

¼v½ egkjk.kk Qrgflag ¼c½ egkjktk xaxkflag¼l½ egkjktk tksjkojflag ¼n½ egkjk.kk izrkiflag

¼ ½3- ^psrko.kh jk pwaxVÓk* jk jpukdkj gS&

¼v½ izrkiflag ckjgB ¼c½ dsljhflag ckjgB¼l½ fdluflag ckjgB ¼n½ dj.khnku ckjgB

¼ ½4- ^gkfM±x ce dkaM* esa fd.kuS vijk/kh ?kksflr djhT;kS&

¼v½ dsljhflag ckjgB ¼c½ izrkiflag ckjgB¼l½ fdluflag ckjgB ¼n½ tksjkojflag ckjgB

¼ ½lko NksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iMwÙkj okGk loky1- dfo dsljhflag ckjgB jkS tye dBS gq;kS\2- dsljhflag ckjgB ØkfUrdkfj;ka jS dq.klS laxB.k lwa tqM+Ók\3- dsljhflag ckjgB jtokM+ka uS dkabZ lh[k nh\4- vktknh jS vkanksyu esa dfo ckjgB uS dq.k&dq.klh tsGka esa jk[khT;kS\5- egkjk.kk Qrsgflag fnYyh njckj esa gktj D;wa uha gq;k\

NksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iMwÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iMwÙkj okGk loky1- ^f[krkc* vj ^c[klhl* esa dkabZ Qjd gqoS\2- dfo jS eqtc egkjk.kk Qrgflag vj okajS cMsjka esa dkabZ Qjd gS\3- dfo Hkkjr jk nwtk jktkoka jh rqyuk esa esokM+ jk egkjk.kkoka uS [kkl D;wa ekU;k gS\4- vka vksfG;ka esa dfo dkabZ dSo.kkS pkoS&

108

¼v½ i.k rkjk ijeka.k] fuj[k fulkalk uka[klhA**¼c½ eku eksn lhlksn] jktuhr cy jk[k.kkSA**

5- ^psrko.kh jk pwaxVÓk* esa vk;k oS.k&lxkbZ vyadkj jk nks; nk[kyk nsokSA6- ^Lora=rk laxzke* esa dsljhflag ckjgB jkS iwjkS ifjokj bZt ykxX;kSA** b.k dFku jkS

[kqyklkS djkSA

ys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- ^psrko.kh jk pwaxVÓk* Hkkjrh; bfrgkl uS uwaokS eksM+ fn;kSA** b.k dFku jkS [kqyklkS djkSA2- ^^dsljhflag ckjgB dfo jS lkxS ØkfUrdkjh bZ gkA** b.k dFku uS /;ku esa jk[krk Fkdka

dsljflag ckjgB jS O;fDrRo vj d`frRo uS le>kokSA3- ^psrko.kh jk pwaxVÓk* jkS lkj fy[kkSA4- uhpS fnjhT;k lksjBka jh ijlaxkÅ O;k[;k djkS&¼v½ ix&ix HkE;k igkM+] /kjk NkaM jk[;kS /kjeA

egkjka.kk *j esokM+] fgjnS cfl;k fgan jSAA¼c½ ufj;an lg futjka.k] >qd djlh ljlh tdkA

iljsykS fde ika.k] ika.k Fkdka FkkjkS QrkAA

109

lksjBklksjBklksjBklksjBklksjBk

ækSinh&fou;ækSinh&fou;ækSinh&fou;ækSinh&fou;ækSinh&fou;

jkeukFk dfo;kjkeukFk dfo;kjkeukFk dfo;kjkeukFk dfo;kjkeukFk dfo;k

dfodfodfodfodfo&&&&&ifjpSifjpSifjpSifjpSifjpSvkèkqfud jktLFkkuh dkO; ijEijk jk pkok dfo jkeukFk dfo;k jkS tue pkj.k tkfr jh^dfo;k* lk[kk esa laor~ 1865 esa ^pks[kS dks ckl* xkao esa gq;kSA dBSbZ&dBSbZ b.k xkao jkSukao xqekuiqjkS* bZ crk;kS tkoS gSA vkijS firkth jkS ukao X;kuth dfo;k gkSA X;kuth vkijhohjrk vj ikS#"krk jS dkj.kS ?k.kk yksd pkok jS;kA vkijk nknkslk ujflagnkl th dfo;k bZj.k[ksrj esa bZt çk.k R;kfx;k gk vj iM+nknkslk jkS ukao bZ ?k.kkS pkokS jS;kSA b.k Hkkarlwjohjrk vkiuS dqG ijaijk lwa feGh vj f'k{kk&nh{kk bZ m.kh Hkkar gq;hA dfo jkeukFk dfo;kjS tho.k jh egrkÅ ?kVuk [kqn jS NksVS HkkbZ jh [kkst dj.k jh jS;h] ft.kka uS [kkstrka&[kkstrkafrtkjS iwX;k HkkbZ uS frtkjS jk jktk cGoarflag lkFkS ns[;kS vj jktk lkaEgh HkkbZ uS eka lawfeGko.k jkS ladGi crk;kS] i.k jktkth b.kka jh dkO;&çfrHkk lwa çHkkfor gq; m.kka uS bZ mBSbZt jk[k fy;k iNS ?k.kh vjnkl djÓka Qxr N% fnuka lk: eka duS tko.k jh vkKk nhuhAfonkbZ jh csGk jktkth dkauh lwa yk[k ilko* vj flagkyh* xkao vkiuS HksaV djhT;kSA

vBhuS vsd dqpØ esa vyoj ujs'k fou;flag jktk cGoarflag uS ejok fn;kS vjtkxhj tCr djyh vj b.kjS lkFkS jkeukFkth dfo;k jkS xkao bZ tCr dj fy;kS] tndS^lkal.k* xkao dnSbZ tCr uha gqoSA oS dfo jh ckr uha ekuhA dfo jkeukFk th b.kjkS fojksèkdjÓkS] i.k jktk jS dha vlj uha gq;kSA jkt njckj vj ifjokj esa Hkh b.kjkS fojksèk gq;kS] i.kjktk vkijkS gB uha NksMîkSA b.kjS fojksèk esa dfo jkeukFkth vsd lkS vsd pkj.kka jS lkFkSèkj.kkS fn;kS ftdkS bfrgkl esa ?k.kkS fo[;kr gq;kSA dfo –<+ jSorka nsoh jkS vkºoku djÓkSAvk ckr ?k.kh ekuhtS dS nsoh jS dksi lwa EgSy fgyX;k vj jktk Mj* j ^flagkyh* jh BkSM^lVkoV* xkao fn;kSA b.kjS iNS egkjkt f'konku flag jk vki laj{kd c.;k] i.k vkijhdBksjrk vj djM+S vuqlklu lwa f'konkuflagth ukjkt gq;k vj ckfyx gq;ka vkijS xkao uStCr dj vkiuS dSn esa can dj fn;kA dSn esa jSorka bZt vki ækSinh&fou;* jh jpuk djh]tdh d#.k cgÙkjh* jS ukao lwa bZ pkoh gSA ykjykS thou Hkfä esa yxkorka&yxkorka dfovkijh nsg uS laor~ 1935 esa NksMhA

dfooj jkeukFk dfo;k jh jpukoka b.k Hkkar jS;h& 1- dj.khth jh Lrqfr 2- ikcwthjk lksjBk 3- æksinh&fou; ¼d#.kk ckouh½ 4- QqVdj dkO;A

ikB&ikB&ikB&ikB&ikB&ifjpSifjpSifjpSifjpSifjpSdUgS;kyky lgy jh laikfnr iksFkh ækSinh&fou;* dfo jkeukFk dfo;k jh ?k.kh pkoh jpukgSA vk jpuk d#.kk ckouh* ;k d#.k&cgÙkjh* jS ukao lwa Hkh tk.khtSA ukjh l'kfädj.kjkS Hkko fy;ka okajh vk [kkl jpuk jS;h gSA b.k dkO; jh jpuk oS tsG esa dSn jSork FkdkadjhA dfo jkeukFk dfo;k egkjktk f'konku flag jS jkt jh vO;oLFkk jk f'kdkj gq;kA okajkLokeh bZt okauS nq[k fn;k] b.k okLrS oS vO;oLFkk jkS fojksèk djÓkSA dfo vkijS Hkko uS ækSinh

110

jS ekè;e lwa lkaEgh yk;kA ft.k Hkkar ækSinh vkijS ifr;ka jS dkj.kS nq[k ik;h& jktk] ea=h]lHkkln ;k lHkk esa cSBk eksVk&eksVk ekuoh vj nwtk dksbZ ohj m.kjh lgk;rk uha djhA ok[kqn vkxS vk; lxGka uS fèkDdkfj;k] lekt jh foM:irk ekFkS djkjkS O;aX; djÓkS vjækSinh vsd ohj ukjh jS :i esa lkaEgh vk;h gS] ftdh vkijS lSatksM+ tqx lwa la?k"kZ djrkafot; ik;hA m.kjS la?k"kZ esa Hkxoku bZ lgk;d gq;kA dfo dSoS ftdkS [kqn la?k"kZ djS Hkxokum.k jh lgk;rk djSA

ækSinh&fou;ækSinh&fou;ækSinh&fou;ækSinh&fou;ækSinh&fou;ifr xa/kzi gS ik¡p] /kjrka ix /kwtS /kjkAvkoS ykt u vk¡p] /kj u[k lwa dqpjS /koGAA

feVlh lg efrean] dGad u feVlh Hkjr dqGAva/k fg;k jk va/k] iwr nqlkl.k iky jsAA

ykS ;k fcfj;ka yk[k] /kj Fkkajh Fks gh /k.khAfuafnr fØr gdukd] dq#dqG Hkw[k.k er djkSAA

fuyth dSjo ukj] ds ÅHkh eqGD;k djSAvklh dqVqEc m/kkj] ns.kk lks ys.kk nqjlAA

tksoks tsBk.khg] nsjk.kh FkSa ns[kY;kSAgksoS yt gk.khg] chrh eks rks chrlhAA

nsodh*j olqnso] i[k ÅtG ekrk&firkAft.k dqG tue vts;] lks fde fcljÓks lkaojkAA

xt uS xzfg;kS xzkg] rSa lgk; gq; rkfj;kSAckjh eks cSjkg] cSBkS OgS olqnso jkAA

jfV;kS gfj xtjkt] rt [kxsl /kk;kS rBSAvk d¡bZ nsjh vkt] djh brh rSa dkUgM+kAA

yM+dki.k izgykn] vkn var dh/kkS volAm.kjh jk[kh ;kn] fla?kukn dj lkaojkAA

vcGk ckGd ,d] vjt d:a ÅHkh vBSAVkcj /kzqo jh Vsd] rSa jk[kh olqnso r.kAA

ysoS vcGk ykt] lcGk gq; cSBka ldksAxj< lHkk ij xkt] lq.krka jkGkS lkaojkAA

nzkSin gsykS nsg] osxkS vk olqnso jkAykt jk[k tl ysg] ykt fx;ka ozn yktlhAA

,s fey nqlVh vkt] iky vukjh ikyVSAykxS dqG uS ykt] lkap j[kkT;kS lkaojkAA

zz

vc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkxa/kzi¾xa/koZA vkap¾vkx ¼jhl] Øks/k½A /koG¾ohjA iky¾jksdA lg¾lkjkA ;k¾b.kuSgdukd¾ukgdA fuyth¾fujyt] csljeA ÅHkh¾[kM+hA nqjla¾Bhd okS bZtA tksokS¾ns[kY;kSAxt¾gkFkhA xzfg;kS¾idfM+;kSA cSjkg¾cksGkS] cgjkSA rBS¾cBSA xjM¾cw<kA xkt¾fctGhAjkGkS¾xsjkS] Ugk[kkSA ozn¾fo#nA ikyVS¾iyVSA

111


fodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- iky vukjh ikyVS* eka; dq.klkS vyadkj gS&

¼v½ :id ¼c½ ekuohdj.k¼l½ ;ed ¼n½ vfr'k;ksfDr

¼ ½2- ^lks fde fcljÓkS lkaojk* eka; dq.klkS vyadkj gS&

¼v½ oS.klxkbZ ¼c½ vfr'k;ksfDr¼l½ miek ¼n½ Lysl

¼ ½3- ækSinh ykt jk[k.k jh vjt fd.k lwa djh&

¼v½ jke lwa ¼c½ guqeku lwa¼l½ fØlu lwa ¼n½ nqxkZ lwa

¼ ½4- ^xj<+ lHkk ij xkt* eka; xjM lcn vk;kS gS&

¼v½ fo}kuka lk: ¼c½ cw<ka lk:¼l½ ikaMqoka lk: ¼n½ dkSjoka lk:

¼ ½5- egkHkkjr esa ^/kjejkt* jS ukao lwa dq.k fo[;kr gk&

¼v½ nq;ksZ/ku ¼c½ vtqZu¼l½ dj.k ¼n½ ;qf/kf"Bj

¼ ½lko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- jkeukFkth dfo;k jkS tye dBS gks;kS\2- ^ækSinh&fou;* iksFkh nwtS fd.k ukao lwa izfl) gS\3- ^ækSinh&fou;* jkS lEiknu dq.k djÓkS\4- jkeukFk dfo;k jh fd.kh nks jpukoka jk ukao fy[kkSA

NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- dGad u feVlh HkjrdqG* esa dfo dkabZ dSo.kkS pkoS\2- lksjBk Nan jh ifjHkklk vj mnkgj.k fy[kkSA3- ækSinh vkijh d#.k iqdkj fd.k lwa fd.k Hkkar djh\4- ^Vkcj /kzqo jh Vsd* vksGh jkS Hkko&foLrkj djkSA

ys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- jkeukFk dfo;k jS O;fDrRo vj ÑfrRo jkS oj.ku djkSA2- ækSinh&fou; jk ifBr Nanka jkS lkj fy[kkSA

112

3- ^jkeukFkth jS fgjnS jh d#.k iqdkj bZt ækSinh&fou; jS lksjBka eka; ijr[k gq;h gSA**b.k dFku jkS [kqyklkS djkSA

4- ækSinh jh d#.k iqdkj esa dq.k&dq.klh varjdFkkoka vkbZ gS\ ekaM*j fy[kkSA5- uhpS fnjhT;k lksjBka jh ijlaxkÅ O;k[;k djkS&¼v½ ifr xa/kzi gS ik¡p] /kjrka ix /kwtS /kjkA

vkoS ykt u vk¡p] /kj u[k lwa dqpjS /koGAA¼c½ jfV;kS gfj xtjkt] rt [kxsl /kk;kS rBSA

vk d¡bZ nsjh vkt] djh brh rSa dkUgM+kAA¼l½ nzkSin gsykS nsg] osxkS vk olqnso jkA

ykt jk[k tl ysg] ykt fx;ka ozn yktlhAA

113

nwgknwgknwgknwgknwgk

prqj fpUrke.khprqj fpUrke.khprqj fpUrke.khprqj fpUrke.khprqj fpUrke.kh

ckoth prqjflagckoth prqjflagckoth prqjflagckoth prqjflagckoth prqjflag

dfo&dfo&dfo&dfo&dfo&ifjpSifjpSifjpSifjpSifjpSlalkj esa vkè;kfRed psruk txko.k jkS dke dksbZ lkèkq&lar bZt djS] vkS t:jh uha gSAfxjLrh Hkh osnka jkS Kku ns; ldS] mifu"knka uS le>k ldS vj xhrk jh O;k[;k djrk Fkdkaeku[kS jh psruk uS txk; m.kuS ln~ekjx jh çsj.kk ns; ldSA vkS vc[kkS dke djÓkSA esokM+jk lardfo egkjkt prqjflag] ft.kka uS lxGk ^ckoth prqjflag* jS ukao lwa fiNk.kS gSAckoth prqjflag jkS tue esokM+ jS jktifjokj lwa tq³Ók egkjktk laxzke flag ¼nwtk½ jSrhtS csVS ck?kflag jS oal esa egkjktk lwjtflag] fBdk.kkS djtkyh jS iq= jS :i esa 9 Qjojh]1880 uS gq;kSA vkijh ekrk Ñ".k daoj gkA vki esokM+ egkjk.kk Qrgflag jk Hkrhtk gkAvkijkS C;ko t;iqj jk Nkiksyh fBdk.kS esa gq;kS vj vkijS vsd csVh bZ gq;h] i.k tksM+k;r vjcsVh jkS nsgkolku cSxkS bZt gq;X;kSA b.k iNS vkijh o`fÙk vkè;kfRedrk dkauh tqM+x+h b.kakjSO;fäRo ekFkS vkijS firk jkS ?k.kkS vlj jS;kS] ftdk [kqn bZ mnklhu fojrh jk egkiq#l gkAèkhjS&èkhjS vkijh bPNk ;ksx f'k{kk yso.k jh gqbZ vj vki ujcnk unh jS fdukjS jSo.k okGk;ksxh dey Hkkjrhth dUuS x;k] i.k oS vkiuS ckBjM+k jk ;ksxhjkt Bkdqj xqekuflag lwaf'k{kk yso.k jkS funZs'k fn;kSA vki ckBjM+k fBdk.kk jS fyNe.kiqjk xkao esa Bkdqj xqekuflaglwa ;ksxf'k{kk yso.k okLrS vk;k ftdk vkijS lk[k esa dkdk ykxrk gkA oS vkijk xq# c.kX;kvj vkiuS jkt;ksx jh f'k{kk nh b.k lk: vki [kqn fy[;kS gS&

ik;ks ug foljke] èkk;ks èkkeks èkkeA?kj esa gh dkdk feG~;k] ujnsgh esa jkeAA

xq# xqekuflag ftdk [kqn ;ksxh vj egku~ dfo gk oS fyNe.kiqjk jS jke>jks[kS* cSB^ckoth* uS ;ksx jh f'k{kk nsorka fy[;kS&

^^çFke vH;klks Kku dks] Kku Hkfä lax jk[k]tkuks prqj vkigw] oks xhrk dh lk[k]ân; czã dks Hkou gS] pkrqj Jqfr çeka.k]uSu }kj rS fuj[k yks] lr&lr dgS xqekauAA**

b.k Hkkar ckoth prqjflag jkt;ksx jh f'k{kk yhoh vj egku~ ;ksxh c.kX;kA b.kjSlkFkS&lkFkS vki dsbZ xzaFkka jh jpuk djhA b.k :i esa vki lekt esa lar] ;ksxh] lkèkd vjdfo jS :i esa pkok gq;X;kA oS vkijh jpukoka esa lkèkuk jh ckr rkS djh] i.k lkFkS&lkFkStu&tu uS vè;kRe vj vkn'kZ tho.k jh lh[k nhA vkè;kfRed] lkekftd psruk txkorkFkdka vki tudfo Hkh c.kX;kA egkjktk prqjflag jk xzaFk b.k Hkkar ns[;k tk ldS&

1- Hkxor~ xhrk ¼xaxktyh Vhdk½ 2- ijekFkZ fopkj 3- ;ksxlw= Vhdk 4- lka[;rÙoVhdk 5- lka[;dkfjdk Vhdk 6- ekuofe= jkepfj= 7- 'ks"k pfj= 8- vy[k iPphlh 9- rwagh v"Vd 10- vuqHko çdkl 11- prqj fparke.kh 13- efgEuLrks= ¼vuqokn½&pUæ'ks[kjk"Vd14- guqeku iapd 15- leku crhlh 16- prqjçdk'k 17- esokM+h çkbej 18- ckydka jh ckrkaA

114

;ksx&lkèkuk] lkfgR;&lkèkuk djrka vj tu&tu uS psrkork Fkdka ckoth vkijhnsg uS 1 tqykbZ] 1929 uS R;kx nhA

ikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSegkjkt ckoth prqjflag jh jpukoka eka; vsd egrkÅ jpuk prqj fpUrke.kh* gSA vk jpuk?k.kh yksdpkoh jS;h gS vki b.kesa U;kjk&U;kjk fol;ka uS vkèkkj c.kk; nwgk] lksjBk] inkoyh]loS;k eka; vkijk Hkko mtkxj djÓk gSA ^prqj fpUrke.kh* esa xq# jkS eSro] fou;] cztefgek] Kku] cSjkx vj psrko.kh jkS Hkko gSA ekrkth jh Lrqfr] 'kkS;Z jS lkFkS QqVdj inka esaHkh U;kjk&U;kjk fol;ka uS vkèkkj c.kk;kS gSA prqj fparke.kh* esa uhfr jk ftdk nwgk lkaEghvk;k gS oka nwgka esa ckoth jkS xSjkS vuqHko nhlSA ;wa ykxS] tk.kS ckoth yksd uS fdrjS lkarjS<ax lwa le÷;kS gS vj m.kh le> vj vuqHko jS vkèkkj ekFkS uhfr jk nwgk fy[;k gS A vS nwgkdksjk nwgk uha gq;*j uhfr jk lw= vj vkn'kZ tho.k jk vkèkkj gS ft.kjkS vuqlj.k dj feu[kvsd egkekuo c.k ldSA

prqj fpUrke.khprqj fpUrke.khprqj fpUrke.khprqj fpUrke.khprqj fpUrke.kh

/kje&/kje lc ,d gS] i.k cjrko vusdAbZ'k tk.kukS /kje gS] thajkS iaFk foosdAA

ij ?kj ix uha esy.kkS] fcuka eku euokjAvatu vkoS ns[kuS] flaxy jkS lRdkjAA

mitS vkikS vki gh] Hkkx izeka.kS ykxAdksbd ihVS rkfG;ka] dksbd [ksapS [kkxAA

Åa/k lwa/k uS NksMuS] ys.kkS dkae iNka.kAdj Åa/kkS lwa/kkS ?kM+kS] rjrh Hkjrh nka.kA

c<&c< dj ekFkS p<ÓkS] ;ks iM+ fOg;kS vtksxA?kM+kS ch[kjÓkS ns[kuS] dgS BhdjkS yksxAA

iku ;qagh ijekjFkh] nsoS rki cq>k;AueS Qsj lwGka [keS] tn nwuk c.k tk;AA

dke cM+kS okS gh cM+kS] o`Fkk cM+kS vkdkjAesaxG eksVk nkar jkS] ukuk u[k jkS uk*jAA

m.k Mks<h rwa tko jS] tBS u jksd.k gkjA;k Mks<h fd.k dkae jh] js rwa dgS xaokjAA

jsaB QjS pj[;kS QjS] i.k Qjok esa QsjAoks rks ck<+ gjÓkS djS] ;ks Nwarka jks <sjAA

dkjM rkS dSrkS QjS] gj dhauS gdukdAtha jh OgS ohauS dgS] fg;S fyQkQkS jk[kAA

oh HkVdk HkksxS ugha] Bhd le>yS BkSjAix esY;ka isyka djS] xsyk Åij xkSjAA

zz

vc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvatu¾batuA [kkx¾ryokjA esaxG¾gkFkhA uk*j¾fla?kA Mks<h¾eq[; njoktkSA jsaB¾jgV]vjBA Qjok esa¾fQj.k esa] ?kwe.k esaA fg;S¾fgjnS] dkGtSA u[k¾uk[kwuA

115

lokylokylokylokylokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- ckoth prqjflag jkS tye LFkku gS&

¼v½ ekjokM+ ¼c½ esokM+¼l½ okxM+ ¼n½ <wa<kM+

¼ ½2- dfo /kje fd.kuS ekU;kS gS&

¼v½ /ku deko.kkS ¼c½ Hkxoku uS tk.k.kkS¼l½ fey*j pky.kkS ¼n½ lEeku iko.kkS

¼ ½3- ^^Bhd le>yS BkSj** eka; dq.klkS vyadkj gS&

¼v½ ekuohdj.k ¼c½ vuqizkl¼l½ oS.klxkbZ ¼n½ ;ed

¼ ½4- X;ku] HkfDr vj uhfr jk dfo ekuhtS&

¼v½ pUæflag fcjdkGh ¼c½ ckoth prqjflag¼l½ lw;ZeYy ehl.k ¼n½ x.ks'khyky O;kl mLrkn*

¼ ½

lko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- ckoth prqjflag jkS tye fd.k ?kjk.kS esa gq;kS\2- ckoth prqjflag jh pkoh jpuk dq.klh gS\3- ^xaxktGh* jkS nwtkS uke dkabZ gS\4- ckoth prqjflag jkS lkfgR; jktLFkkuh jh dq.klh cksyh esa jphT;kS\

NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- ckoth prqjflag jh jpukoka jkS ewG fol; dkabZ gS\2- dfo jS eqtc ijk;S ?kjka dn tko.kkS pkbZtS\3- dfo eksVS vkdkj uS fcjFkk D;wa ekU;kS gS\4- dfo ^dkjM* vj ^fyQkQs* esa dkabZ Qjd ekU;kS gS\

ys[k:i iM+wÙkjys[k:i iM+wÙkjys[k:i iM+wÙkjys[k:i iM+wÙkjys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk loky okGk loky okGk loky okGk loky okGk loky1- ckoth prqjflag jS tho.k&njl.k uS le>kokSA2- ^^ckoth prqjflag jh jpukoka esa uhfr] Hkxrh vj njl.k jkS v[kwV [ktkukS HkjÓkS gSA**

ikB esa vk;ksM+k nwgka jS vk/kkj ekFkS b.k dFku jkS [kqyklkS djkSA3- uhpS fnjhT;k nwgka jh ijlaxkÅ O;k[;k djkS&¼v½ /kje&/kje lc ,d gS] i.k cjrko vusdA

bZ'k tk.kukS /kje gS] thajkS iaFk foosdAA¼c½ dke cM+kS okS gh cM+kS] o`Fkk cM+kS vkdkjA

esaxG EgksVk nkar jkS] ukuk u[k jkS uk*jAA

116

dkO;kaldkO;kaldkO;kaldkO;kaldkO;kal

tq)tq)tq)tq)tq)

lR;çdk'k tks'khlR;çdk'k tks'khlR;çdk'k tks'khlR;çdk'k tks'khlR;çdk'k tks'kh

dfdfdfdfdfo&o&o&o&o&ifjpSifjpSifjpSifjpSifjpSlR;çdk'k tks'kh vkèkqfud jktLFkkuh dkO;&ijaijk jk egrkÅ dfo jS;k gSA vkijkS tue 20ekpZ] 1926 uS tksèkiqj esa iafMr eksguyky tks'kh jS ?kjS gq;kSA lkfgR; vj laxhr lkèkuk jklaLdkj vkiuS vkijS ifjokfjd ifjosl lwa feGÓkA vki tloar dkyst tksèkiqj lwa fgUnh esavse-vs- djhA lu~ 1943 esa f}rh; fo'otq) jh ifjfLFkfr;ka uS è;ku esa jk[krka vki vsddfork fy[kh& ^t; gksxh mudh gh j.k esa*A vkijh vk iSyh dfork dS;h tk ldSA b.kdfork uS tksèkiqj jkt dkuha lwa iqjLdkj fnjhT;kSA ?kj lwa feGÓk jktLFkkuh Hkklk jklaLdkj] yksdxhrka vj Hktuka jk pko vkiuS jktLFkkuh dkauh eksM+ fn;kS vj vki jktLFkkuhesa jpuk dj.kh l: dj nhA lR;çdk'k tks'kh jh dforkoka esa b.kh dkj.k yksdlSyh jkSçHkko bZ ns[;kS tk ldSA i<+kbZ iwjh gq;ka vki ukSdjh lk: cEcbZ x;k] mBS lwa ikNk vk;:ik;u laLFkku] cks:ank esa dke laHkkGÓkS] i.k lsoV vki ikNk cEcbZ tk; iwX;k vj mBSvsd dkyst esa çkè;kid jh ukSdjh djhA mBS jSork Fkdka bZ jktLFkkuh Hkklk vj lkfgR; jhlsok djrk jS;kA mBS lwa bZt vki ^gjkoG* ukao jh jktLFkkuh if=dk Hkh çdkflr djhAlsokfuo`fÙk iNS vki tksèkiqj vj vesfjdk jS;k vj 26 vçsy] 1990 uS vkijkS lqjxokl t;iqjesa gq;kSA

dfo lR;çdk'k tks'kh jh lkfgR; lkèkuk cstksM+ jS;h gSA vkijh N% iksfFk;ka NI;ksM+hgS] ftdh b.k Hkkar gS & 1- lgL=èkkjk ¼1956½ 2- jkèkk ¼1960½ 3- nhok dkaiS D;wa ¼1962½4- cksy Hkkjeyh ¼1974½ 5- xkaxs; ¼1985½ 6- lksu fejxykA b.kjS vykok vkijh dsbZdforkoka] fucUèk vj x| jpukoka jk vuqokn Hkh NI;ksM+k gSA dfo lR;çdk'k tks'kh jh cksyHkkjeyh* dkO;Ñfr uS dsUæh; lkfgR; vdkneh] ubZ fnYyh lwa jktLFkkuh jkS iqjLdkjfeGÓkSA lR;çdk'k tks'kh jh jpukoka jh folslrkoka okajh Hkklk jh lgtrk] laxhrkRedrkvj y;c)rk gSA lcnka jkS folsl ç;ksx vj okajh vkaV vkijh Hkklk uS QwBjh c.kkoSA

ikB&ikB&ikB&ikB&ikB&ifjpSifjpSifjpSifjpSifjpSlR;çdk'k tks'kh jh jpukoka esa jkèkk* vsd folsl jpuk gSA lgL=èkkjk jpuk esa rkS fgUnhjh dforkoka bZ gh] i.k jkèkk* jktLFkkuh jh iSyh U;kjh iksFkh dS;h tk ldSA b.k jpuk esa20 [k.M gS] ftdk b.k Hkkar gS & eqjyh] iSyk iSy] iwtk] njl.k] fi.k?kV ek[k.k] cnukaeh]frjl] xksjèku] C;ko] jkl] :l.kkS] gksGh] fcnk] vksGaw] :de.khth] ?kuL;kae] fotksx]iky.kkS] tq)A Ñ".k Hkfä ijEijk esa jkèkk* uS Ñ".k jh çsfedk rkS Lohdkj djhT;kS bZt gSi.k b.k jS lkFkS&lkFkS ok vk|k 'kfä jkS vorkj bZ ekuhth gSA jkèkk vj Ñ".k vkn'kZ çsehgS] tBS dksbZ dke jkS Hkko uha gS] ;kuh Hkfä ijaijk esa vsd nwtk jk iwjd ekU;k gSA vys[kwax|&i| jpukoka vka nksuwa jS çse uS ys;*j fy[khth gSA jktLFkkuh dkO; ijaijk Hkh b.k lwa

117

vNwrh uha gSA vkèkqfud jktLFkkuh dkO; ijEijk jh vk jpuk jkèkk vj Ñ".k jS çse uS uwaoSl#i esa lkaEgh ykoS] ckyi.kS jS çhr jh vksGaw lkaEgh yk;hth gS] i.k tn jkèkk lq.kS dS Ñ".kjh QkSt tq) lk# Oghj gqbZ gS rks ok lans'k HkstS dS Fkkjh QkStka uS jksd] tq) er djAjktLFkkuh dkO; esa tq) esa ej.kkS vejrk jkS çrhd ekuhT;kS ;k b.kuS ej.k ioZ* dghT;kSgS] i.k vBS dfo vsd uwaoS lqj esa tq) jkS fojksèk djrk Fkdka tq) jh foHkhf"kdk jkS oj.kkodjSA jkèkk] Ñ".k uS tq) dj.k lwa jkSdSA èkje] lekt] laLÑfr vj feu[khpkjS lk: tq)fdrjh gk.k iqxko.k okGkS gq; ldS] dfo b.k ckr uS jkèkk dkO; jS b.k ^tq)* [kaM esale>ko.k jkS ç;kl djÓkS gSA eku[kS uS tq) lwa fojr dj.k okGkS vkS lansl ekuorkoknhlansl dS;kS tk; ldS] ftdkS dfo vkijh b.k dfork jS ekè;e lwa nso.kh pkoSA

tq)tq)tq)tq)tq)

eu jk ehr dkaUgk js&dq.k Fkkjk nks;.k dq.k js lS.k]jkrk yks;.k D;wa ckadh HkwagM+h!/kkj.k D;wa dfj;k js dfM+;kG]NksMÓk ihrkacj D;wa js lksg.kk!lhl cpko.k D;wa flj=k.k]eksM+ D;wa mrkjÓk eksj ia[k jk!eqjyh jS cnGS dj dksnaM]fpjeh jh ekGk vkxh D;wa /kjh!

eu jk ehr dkaUgk js&tx esa ts eaMX;kS ?kelka.k] rkSHkkbZ ij HkkbZ djlh okj]vkil esa yM+lh] ejlh ekau[kkSApqM+yk QksM+Syk dkGk vks<+]vej lqgkx.k Fkkjh xksfi;kaAdkaef.k;ka fcdlh chp ctkj]dq.k rkS m?kM+h cS*uka uS <kadlhAfijFkh iqj[kka lwa gkslh gh.k]Vkcj dgklh fcuk cki jkAdq.k djlh /khofM+;ka jkS C;ko]dq.k rkS dM+wackS okajkS ikGlh!v.kfx.k ekofM+;ka nslh gk;]eqM+tk] QkStka uS ikNh eksM+ySA

eu jk ehr dkaUgk js&tx esa ts eaMX;kS ?kelka.k] rkSdq.k rkS c.kklh lr[kaM eS*y]dq.k rkS fp.kklh eSM+h ekfG;k!dq.k rkS mxsjS ehBk xhr]dq.k rkS ckapSyk iksFkh ikauM+k!dq.k djlh xks[kfM+;ka esa tksr]dq.k rkS ekaMSyk vkax.k ekaM.kk!dq.k rks eukoS okj fraokj]dq.k rkS rqGNka xojka uS iwtlh!v.kiwT;k lkR;wa flaÖ;k nso]dq.k rkS djlh js feanj vkjrh!feVrk tho.k jh FkuS vka.k]eqM+tk] QkStka uS ikNh eksM+ySA

eu jk ehr dkaUgk js&tx esa ts eaMX;kS ?kelka.k] rkSdks;y dqjGklh ckxka eka;]ukprk Fkelh cu esa eksfj;kAphyka eaMjklh gfj;S [ksr]xh/k.k HkaoSyk lxGS nsl ijAMkdf.k;ka jelh jkR;wa jkl]pkSlB tksxf.k;ka [kIij iwjlhA/kjrh ekrk jkS ykxS lzki]eqM+tk] QkStka uS ikNh eksM+ySA

118

eu jk ehr dkaUgk js&tx esa ts eaMX;kS ?kelka.k] rkSHkkrkS yS Hkaolh js Hkrokj]gkGh tn yM+ok tklh [ksr esaAgG jh gGoka.kh c.klh lSy[kqjih lqjka jh tfM+;ka ck<lhAeqM+nka jh yksFkka jkS fuuka.k]yksbZ jh ika.kr OgSlh jsr esaAdkaesr.k nslh FkuS xkG]eqM+tk] QkStka uS ikNh eksM+ySA

eu jk ehr dkaUgk js&tx esa ts eaMX;kS ?kelka.k] rkSteuk esa yksbZ jS*lh uhj]ekVh jS* tklh yk[kka cksfV;kaAcLrh esa ?kkoka fjlrk lwj]ywyk yaxM+k c.k FkuS HkkaMlhA

v.k?kM+ jS* tklh lxGh Hkkse]ÅtM+ fojaxh gkslh dksVfM+;kaAD;wa esVS j[kokGka jkS ukao]eqM+tk] QkStka uS ikNh eksM+ySA

eu jk ehr dkaUgk js&vktk js nw/kka /kksY;ka gkFk]eqM+tk] QkStka uS ikNh eksM+ySAxksjl ek[k.k lwa jaxY;ka gksB]eqM+tk] QkStka uS ikNh eksM+ySAvktk xksjh uS HkjyS ckFk]eqM+tk] QkStka uS ikNh eksM+ySAvktk js fi.k?kV djY;ka ckr]eqM+tk] QkStka uS ikNh eksM+ySAvktk js vksT;wa jeY;ka jkl]eqM+tk] QkStka uS ikNh eksM+ySA

zz

vc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFknks;.k¾nqLe.kA lS.k¾gsrkGw] vkReh;A yks;.k¾vka[;ka] uS.kA dj¾gkFkA dksnaM¾/kuqlA?kelka.k¾tq)] ?keklk.kA /khofM+;ka¾csfV;kaA dM+wackS¾ifjokjA xks[kfM+;ka¾>jks[kk] xks[kkAdqjGklh¾dwdlh] #nu djlhA HkaoSyk¾eaMjklhA lSy¾HkkykA yksbZ¾[kwuA cksfV;ka¾ljhj jkVqdM+kA HkkaMlh¾HkwaMlh] cqjkbZ djlhA


fodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- dfo lR;izdk'k tks'kh jkS tye dBS gq;kS\

¼v½ chdkusj ¼c½ tks/kiqj¼l½ cwanh ¼n½ dksVk

¼ ½2- dq.klh iksFkh lR;izdk'k tks'kh jh uha gS&

¼v½ nhok dkaiS D;wa ¼c½ cksy Hkkjeyh¼l½ lksu fejxyk ¼n½ yhyVkal

¼ ½

119

3- ^tq)* dfork jkS val dq.klh iksFkh lwa fyjhT;kS gS&¼v½ jk/kk ¼c½ xkaxs;¼l½ nhok dkaiS D;wa ¼n½ lksu fejxyk

¼ ½4- tq) dfork lansl nsoS&

¼v½ tq) jkS ¼c½ cSjkx jkS¼l½ lkfUr jkS ¼n½ laU;kl jkS

¼ ½lko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- lR;izdk'k tks'kh jh iSyh dfork fdlh ekuhtS\2- lR;izdk'k tks'kh jh fd.k jpuk ekFkS dsUæh; lkfgR; vdkneh lwa iqjLdkj feGÓkSA3- jk/kk tq) dj.kS lwa fd.kuS cjtS\4- Ñ".k eksjia[k D;wa mrkj fn;k\

NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- lR;izdk'k tks'kh jh fd.kh pkj jpukoka jk ukao crkokSA2- ^^Vkcj dgklh fcuk cki jk**] jk/kk vk ckr D;wa dSoS\3- tq) dfork esa Ñ".k jh ikslkd esa dkabZ cnGko njlkbZT;kS gS\4- tq) dfork esa yksd&laLÑfr jk dq.klk fprjke njlkbZT;k gS\5- ^^eqM+tk] QkStka uS ikNh eksM+ySA** jk/kk jS b.k dFku esa m.kjkS dq.klkS :i ijr[k gqoS\

ys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- jk/kk tq) jh foHkhf"kdk jkS oj.kko fd.k Hkkar djÓkS gS\ foLrkj lwa le>kokSA2- ^^jk/kk dkO;Ñfr lkafr vj feu[ki.kS jkS lansl nsoSA** b.k dFku uS foxrokj le>kokSA3- lR;izdk'k tks'kh jh lkfgR;&lk/kuk ekFkS fucU/k fy[kkSA4- ^tq)* dfork jkS lkj vkijS lcnka esa fy[kkSA5- uhspS fnjhth dfork&vksfG;ka jh ijlaxkÅ O;k[;k djkS&

¼c½ eu jk ehr dkaUgk js&tx esa ts eaMX;kS ?kelka.k] rkSdks;y dqjGklh ckxka eka;]ukprk Fkelh cu esa eksfj;kAphyka eaMjklh gfj;S [ksr]xh/k.k HkaoSyk lxGS nsl ijAMkdf.k;ka jelh jkR;wa jkl]pkSlB tksxf.k;ka [kIij iwjlhA/kjrh ekrk jkS ykxS lzki]eqM+tk] QkStka uS ikNh eksM+ySA

¼v½ eu jk ehr dkUgk js&tx esa ts eaMX;kS ?kelka.k] rkSHkkbZ ij HkkbZ djlh okj]vkil esa yM+lh] ejlh ekau[kkSApqM+yk QksM+Syk dkGk vks<+]vej lqgkx.k Fkkjh xksfi;kaAdkaef.k;ka fcdlh chp ctkj]dq.k rkS m?kM+h cS*uka uS <kadlhAfijFkh iqj[kka lwa gkslh gh.k]Vkcj dgklh fcuk cki jkA

120


eku[kkSeku[kkSeku[kkSeku[kkSeku[kkS

fxj/kkjh flag ifM+gkjfxj/kkjh flag ifM+gkjfxj/kkjh flag ifM+gkjfxj/kkjh flag ifM+gkjfxj/kkjh flag ifM+gkj

dfo&ifjpSdfo&ifjpSdfo&ifjpSdfo&ifjpSdfo&ifjpSfxj/kkjh flag ifM+gkj jktLFkkuh Hkklk jk [;krukao lkfgR;dkj gq;k gSA vkijkS tue la-1976 jh lko.k cnh 4 uS chdkusj eka; gq;kSA vki ewu /kkjÓksM+k vsd ywaBk jpukdkj gkAvkijh dkO;Ñfr tkxrh tksrka* 1960 eka; lkaEgh vkbZA b.k iksFkh jS dkj.kS vki bdrkGhlcjlka jh mej esa bZ fljekSj dfo jS :i esa bZ Fkkfir gks;kA vkijkS [kaMdkO; eku[kkS* lu~1964 esa NI;kSA fxj/kkjh flag ifM+gkj jkS 'kS{kf.kd nk;jkS HkykabZ lhfer jS;kS gqoS] i.k m.kkajS fpUru jkS dSuokl brjkS O;kid gkS dS oS gjsd ckr ekFkS fu"i{k gq;uS [kqyh cgl djrkAvki VsyhQksu ,Dlpsat esa dke djrk gkA vkijh dfork&iksFkh ^tkxrh tksrka* eka; ukSdforkoka gS] ftdh b.k Hkkar gS& es?kukn] fllikG] iq#] ikcwth] ikry&vdcj&eku]xksfoUn xq# jk Vkcfj;k] /kwM+dksV] Mwaxth&tokjth vj ckiwA vkijh dforkoka lq.k.k jh ekaxHkkjrh; QkSth m.k cxr jk Hkkjr jk j{kkea=h dSyklukFk dkVtw lwa djh gh] ft.kjS dkj.koS vpjt esa iM+X;kA

ikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpS^eku[kkS* lcn jkS vjFk rkS feu[k* lwa bZt gSA feu[k b.k lekt vj ifjokj jh ewy bdkbZgSA feu[kka lwa bZ ifjokj vj lekt jkS l:i c.kSA fxjèkkjh flag ifMgkj jh dkO;Ñfr^eku[kks* eka; eku[kS jkS vjFk ewG&lcn lwa cslh gS] ft.kuS vsdne lhèkS :i lwa ;aw le>ldka] ftdkS feu[k nsgh uS èkkj.k djh gS] okS bZt feu[k uha gSA feu[k rkS okS gS ftdkSfeu[ki.kS uS thoSA okS [kqn jS okLrS uha thoS] uha ejS] okS thoS rkS nwtka [kkrj vj ejS rkSnwtka [kkrjA ftdkS fd.kh bZ Hkkar nwtka jS vfLrRo uS feVk; [kqn jS vfLrRo uS c.kk;kS jk[k.kkSpkoS] okS feu[k uha gSA okS feu[k ftdkS O;fäokn uS ys;*j pkyS okS feu[k uha gS] ftdkS çsevj lgvfLrRo uS ys; vkxS cèkS] okS vlyh feu[k gSA b.kh feu[ki.kS uS le>ko.k jkS ç;klb.k dkO; esa djhT;kS gSA dfo fxjèkkjh flag ifMgkj b.k dkO; jkS vkèkkj vsd ikSjkf.kd dFkkuS c.kk;h gS] ft.kesa lqjx jkS xaèkoZ fp=lsu vkijh çse yhyk esa e;kZnk uS Hkwy vsd fjlhjkS vieku dj nsoSA Hkxoku Ñ".k m.k jk vijk/k uS v.kns[;kS uha dj m.kuS e`R;q&naM nso.kjh /kkj ysoSA m.kjh iRuh lSa BkSM+ lj.k jh xqgkj djS] i.k dksbZ m.kjh ckr uha lq.kS D;awdSm.kuS ekSr jh ltk nso.k okGk dksbZ vkSj uha] }kjdk/khl gksoSA xa/koZ gkj eku*j [kqn fprkp<.k ykxS tn lqHkæk vk; m.kjh fjNÓk jkS vHk; oj nsoS] ftdh vtZqu jh iRuh vj d`".kjh cSu gSA lqHkæk m.kuS lj.k ns; nsoSA iNS xaèkoZjkt jS tho.k uS mckj.k jkS Hkkj vtZqu jSgkFkka esa vk; tkoS] Ñ".k m.kuS ekj.k uS vkoS i.k vtZqu m.kjh j{kk [kkrj R;kj gq; tkoSAb.k Hkkar Ñ".k vj vtqZu vkaEgh&lkaEgh eksjpkS ekaM ysoSA lsoV oS bZt fjlh oBS iwx tkoS]ftdka jS dkj.k Ñ".k xa/koZjkt uS lzki fn;kS gkSA fjlh okauS tq) djrka uS jksdS] lkFkS bZ tq)lwa gqo.k okGh fo.kkl jh xfr uS le>koSA

121

fjlh jkS eku.kkS gkS dS tq) fd.kh leL;k jkS lekèkku uha gSA vsd tq) nwtS tq)uS tye nsoSA tq) uS rks çse lwa bZt [kre djÓkS tk; ldSA yksx vfèkdkjka okLrS tq)djS] i.k dfo ekuS dS ^vfèkdkj eku[kS jkS fu.kZ;] b.k tq)ka lwa dn rkabZ gkslhA** dfo ekuSdS vka tq)ka jkS çse lwa mipkj uha djhT;kS rkS b.k èkjrh jkS midkj uha vidkj bZt gqoSykAvkt jh b.k ifjfLFkfr esa tBS fo'o nks egktq)ka uS ns[k pqD;kS gS] m.kjh ihM+k uaS Hkksx pqD;kSgS] Qs:a bZ dsbZ NksVk&eksVk tq) gq;k vj gq; jS;k gSA dfo ifMgkj okauS jksd.k jh ckr dSoSdS vka tq)ka lwa fd.kh uS uqdlk.k gS rkS okS ^feu[k* jS ^feu[ki.kS* uS gSA

eku[kkSeku[kkSeku[kkSeku[kkSeku[kkS

vkS fp=lsu xa/koZ jkt]rhuwa yksdka uS c.;kS HkkjAp< j;ks fprk ij thorM+kS]nsoka jkS I;kjkS dGkdkjAA

>j&>j vkalw jh /kkj >jS]lkaeS ÅHkh fcy[kS jk.khAizhre vS*M+kS fnu vkoSykS]vk lqiuS esa gh uha tk.khAA

fp=lsu&lqHkæk laoknfp=lsu&lqHkæk laoknfp=lsu&lqHkæk laoknfp=lsu&lqHkæk laoknfp=lsu&lqHkæk laokncksyh ok.kh esa usg ?kksG]gwa cksy lq.;k b.k >qjrh jkA/k.k dwdS dqjt fta;ka Fkkajh]D;wa th*rkS fprk p<S chjkAA

v.kgwarkS ruS nq[kk;kS dq.k]dqadj vkS ch[kkS vk; iM+ÓkS\rwa fujHkS ckr crk] cw>S&ikjFk jkS vk/kkS vax [kM+ÓkSAA

er iwN ekoM+h ckS dq.k gS\lq.krka gh ix ikNk iM+lhAiksjl jk ikM+ >qdS ft.kuS]vcGk jkS cG dkabZ vM+lhAA

jG vk/kkS vk/k vax iwjkS]tn feu[k yqxkbZ dq.k de gSAts uj gS un iqjlkjFk jkS]rkS ukjh b.kjkS mn~xe gSAA

dSrka gha tho gqoS nksjkS]t.kuh uha ckr ijkbZ gSAtnqukFk }kjdk /k.kh tdk]Fkkajk cS lkxh HkkbZ gSAA

jk.kh eka cqjkS erh ekU;k]nqfu;k jkS lr cG ?kVX;kS gSAFkkajS cl okGh ckr ugha]vk/kkS vax iSyh uVX;kS gSAA

ts vk[kh nqfu;k eq[k eksM+ÓkS]ladV uha >ky ldh FkkjkSArks fp=lsu vc Mj dksuh]lj.kkS gS ruS lqHkæk jkSAA

eu gGdkS dj er fp=lsu]vk /kjk /kje uha [kksoSyhAgwa ej T;kÅa i.k eqM+w ugha]v.kgwarh dnS uha gksoSyhAA

122

uha ckr vsd jS ej.kS jh]vk pksV eje ij vkoS gSAdqG /kje dje lr rst ykt]gwa eqM+Óka eku[kkS tkoS gSAA

lqHknzk&vjtq.k laoknlqHknzk&vjtq.k laoknlqHknzk&vjtq.k laoknlqHknzk&vjtq.k laoknlqHknzk&vjtq.k laoknjko jkoGS esa cM+rka gha]vtc utkjkS ns[;kSAjk.kh c[krj dfl;ksM+h]m.keq.k mf.k;kjkS ns[;kSAA

tksjkoj tks/kk gh lj.kks]lr uS fn;ka MjS gSAU;klo iBaxS tdS ujka jS]cS bU;ko djS gSAA

izhre lr nks dqG jkS NhtS]ej.kS ftlh ?kM+h gSAb.k dkj.k vkt lqHkæk]c[krj dL;ka [kM+h gSAA

lj.k fn;ka j.k rkS #i T;klh]>yh ugha NwVSyhAcSj clSykS fxj/kj lkxS]ckr ugha [kwVSyhAA

gkFk] gkFk uS dkVS vS*M+kS]ekjx er vaoGkS ykSAHkyh cqjh uS rksykS eu esa]dfl;k ca/k.k [kksykSAA

eu jkS cks> lcn uha lkaHkS]cksywa rkS ds cksywaAvkHkkS /kjk fHkGS gS ikjFk]c[krj dwadj [kksywaAA

v.kgd ej.kkS vsd feu[k jkS]lkal vewat jgh gSAxk;d jS /kj.kh jh fllD;ka]dkuka xwat jgh gSAA

vdje gh esV.k uS] ikjFk]Fkka rkS jxr f[kaMk;kSAfeu[k /kje tqx&tqx twÖ;kS gS]tn&tn vdje vk;kSAA

gwa vlj.k uS lj.kkS nhukS]gwa gha tq) d:ayhAfxj/kj tn xk;d ekjSyk]iS*yh twa> e:ayhAA

pkoS ftrjkS flejFk dk*ukS]vc i.k ugha ljSykSAyk[k ckr] lj.kkxr jk.kh]FkkjkS ugha ejSykSAA

eqM+rka gh dje&/kje tkoS]c/krS jkS th nq[k ikoS gSAi.k tho.k jh vS*M+h ?kfM+;ka gh]feu[kka jkS eksy crkoS gSAA

ll

c`e&vL= vkS iklwir]vkS gsykS gksM yxko.k jkSAuha eaxGdkjh fxj/kkjh]vka/kkS cG Hkkse fHkGko.k jkSAA

tq)ka ij /kjk fVD;ksM+h gS]gfj vcS ekurk vk ekU;kAuj jh eqëh [kSukl [kM+ÓkS]usM+S gh var gq;kS tk.;kAA

123

feGlh er] vlr] dje] vdje]bU;ko] U;ko v.kgwr gwarA>VdS esa vk[kkS txr feVS]tn iki iqUu jh fdlh dwarAA

j.k dBS tdk uha djS tdk]nqcGk] cw<k] ckGd] ukjhAnkslh v.knksl n;k tksx]feVlh nqfu;k ilq ia[;ka jhAA

gwa ekuwa Hkkse caVÓksM+h gS]U;kjh lÙkkoka er U;kjkAtu&eu U;kjk] tkrka U;kjh]vf/kdkj vM+Óka jk er U;kjkAA

i.k U;kji.kS jS uspS L;wa]ts vc uj ÅapkS uha vklhArkS lS MkGka lkxS <Slh]tx&:a[k ewG L;wa feV tklhAA

vk reksxq.kh lxGh iwtk]ekjx fgj.kkadql&jko.k jkSAvka NksGk len gcksGka jkS]>ksykS tx T;kt Mqcko.k jkSAA

flejFk gfj Fks X;kuslj gkS]X;kuh uS X;ku fdlkS ns.kkSAfdY;k.k fopkjkS nqfu;k jkS]EgkjkS rkS brjkS gh dS.kkSAA

vS ru tksjkoj feu[kka jk]cksVÓka esa cf<;ksM+k lksoSAdkxk dkaofG;k xhjt xh/k]pkSxM+nS xknfM+;k jksoSAA

euM+kS fepGkoS ?kM+h&?kM+h]uha BkSM+ BSj.kS tSM+h gSAjfo vkFkwa.kS ukdS iwX;kS]la/;k jh csGk uSM+h gSAA

lsuk uS eksM+kS eqM+kS vcS]fou; fcpkj.k jh FkkaL;waAx< /kjejkt jS gFkukiqj]gwa nso }kjdk f?kj vkL;waAA

vkS tx FkkD;ksM+kS tq)ka L;wa]vc iki ykjyk /kks.kk gSAmGÖ;k vkaVk lqG>ko.k jk]nwtk gh ekjx tks.kk gSAA

zz

vc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkÅHkh¾[kM+hA v.kgwarkS¾?k.kkSA ch[kkS¾foink] ladVA ikjFk¾vtqZuA vk[kh¾lxGh] lkjh]lSaxA c[krj¾tq) jkS oslA tksjkoj¾lwjohjA tks/kk¾ohjA vaoGkS¾nks*jkSA vkHkkS¾vkdklAjxr¾[kwuA /kjk¾/kjrhA /kj.kh¾/kjk] /k.k] tksM+k;rA


fodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- ^eku[kkS* [kaMdkO; lansl nsoS&

¼v½ feu[ki.kS jkS ¼c½ tq) jkS¼l½ egktq) jkS ¼n½ lkp jkS

¼ ½

124

2- fp=lsu dq.k gkS\¼v½ feu[k ¼c½ xa/koZ¼l½ nsork ¼n½ jkdl

¼ ½3- fp=lsu uS ekSr jh ltk dq.k lq.kk;h\

¼v½ lqHkæk ¼c½ vtqZu¼l½ JhÑ".k ¼n½ fjlh

¼ ½4- fp=lsu uS lj.kkS dq.k fn;kS\

¼v½ lqHkæk ¼c½ vqtZu¼l½ bUnj ¼n½ jke

¼ ½lko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- dfo fxj/kkjh flag ifM+gkj jkS tye dn vj dBS gq;kS\2- êku[kkS* jS vykok fxj/kkjh flag ifM+gkj jh vsd iksFkh vkSj dq.klh gS\3- êku[kkS* Ñfr eka; fdÙkk ljx gS\4- lekt vj ifjokj jh ewG bdkbZ dq.klh gS\

NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- Û;ko iBaxS ftdS ujka jS] oS bU;ko djS gSA** dkO; jh vka vksGÓka jkS Hkko foLrkj djkSA2- ^îksjl jk ik*M+ >qdS ft.kuS] vcGk jkS cG dkabZ vM+lh** dfork jh vksGÓka esa dfo jkS

dkabZ vkl; gS\3- ^nwtk gh ekjx tks.kk gS** dkO;&vksGh esa dfo dkabZ dSo.kkS pkoS\

ys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- dfo fxj/kkjh flag ifM+gkj b.k dkO; jkS vk/kkj ikSjkf.kd dFkk uS c.kk;kS gSA b.k dFkk

jkS lkj fy[kkSA2- êku[kkS* [kaMdkO; dkabZ lansl nsoS\ foLrkj lwa le>kokSA3- fp=lsu vj lqHkæk jS laokn jkS lkj fy[kkSA4- uhspS fnjhth vksfG;ka jh ijlaxkÅ O;k[;k djkS&¼v½ >j&>j vkalw jh /kkj >jS] lkaeS ÅHkh fcy[kS jk.khA

izhre vS*M+kS fnu vkoSykS]vk lqiuS esa gh uha tk.khAA¼c½ gkFk] gkFk uS dkVS vS*M+kS] ekjx er vaoGkS ykSA

Hkyh cqjh uS rksykS eu esa] dfl;k ca/k.k [kksykSAA¼l½ pkoS ftrjkS flejFk dk*ukS] vc i.k ugha ljSykSA

yk[k ckr] lj.kkxr jk.kh] FkkjkS ugha ejSykSAA¼n½ lsuk uS eksM+kS eqM+kS vcS] fou; fcpkj.k jh FkkaL;waA

x< /kjejkt jS gFkukiqj] gwa nso }kjdk f?kj vkL;waAA

125

dforkdforkdforkdforkdfork

^tqxoka.kh* vj ^gsr pkbZtS*^tqxoka.kh* vj ^gsr pkbZtS*^tqxoka.kh* vj ^gsr pkbZtS*^tqxoka.kh* vj ^gsr pkbZtS*^tqxoka.kh* vj ^gsr pkbZtS*

x.ks'khyky O;kl ^mLrkn*x.ks'khyky O;kl ^mLrkn*x.ks'khyky O;kl ^mLrkn*x.ks'khyky O;kl ^mLrkn*x.ks'khyky O;kl ^mLrkn*

dfo&ifjpSdfo&ifjpSdfo&ifjpSdfo&ifjpSdfo&ifjpSvkèkqfud jktLFkkuh dkO; ijaijk eka; dsbZ dfo b.k Hkkar jk jS;k ftdk jktLFkkuh dkO; jhlsok jS lkFkS Lora=rk laxzke esa Hkh vkijh egrkÅ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ vj lekt jS fodkl esaHkh vkijkS ;ksxnku fn;kSA b.k dM+h esa lSa lwa egrkÅ uke tudfo x.ks'khyky O;kl mLrkn*jkS jS;kS gSA tudfo mLrkn* jkS tue 21 ekpZ] 1907 bZ- uS tksèkiqj esa gq;kSA vkijk firkJhpUæHkk.kth gk] ftdk [kqn bZ dfo gk vj LokHkhekuh O;fäRo jk èk.kh gkA vkijk ukukthtksèkiqj jkt jk nhoku Hkh jS;kA mLrkn vkSipkfjd f'k{kk esa ?k.kk vkxS uha c/k lD;k] i.koSokfjd X;kau esa ?k.kk vkxS c/kX;kA b.kh okLrS okauS fn;kSM+S ukao mLrkn* uS oS [kjkS fl)djÓkSA tho.k jh l#vkr oS vsd fBdk.kS jh ukSdjh lwa djh] i.k mBS jk vR;kpkj ns[k okajSeu esa lksl.k vj djlka jS okLrS ftdkS Hkko tkX;kS okS Hkko thou&Hkj uha NwV lD;kSA oSdjlka] etnwjka okLrS yM+rk jS;kA oS lekt esa lksl.k jS f[kykQ vkokt mBk;h] tkr&ikarlwa] jkt'kkgh lwa yM+Ók vj nsl jh vktknh [kkrj Lora=rk laxzke esa dwn i³ÓkA okauS dsbZckj tsG jh ;k=koka Hkh dj.kh iM+h] i.k oS gkjÓk uhaA vkijS dkO; uS vkèkkj c.kk; oS yxkSyxla?k"kZ djrk jS;kA vkS la?k"kZ dksjkS Lora=rk çkfIr rd bZt uha jS;kS] oS nsl jS Lora= gq;kaiNS Lojkt* [kkrj uha rks lqjkt* [kkrj la?k"kZ djÓkSA vkijh dsbZ dforkoka esa b.k Hkkarjk Hkko ns[;k tk ldSA lksl.k] vR;kpkj] LojkT; vj lqjkt [kkrj la?k"kZ djrka&djrkadfo turk jkS lsod] m.kjkS ekjx&njld c.kX;kSA okS tu&tu uS m.kjS vfèkdkjka [kkrjtxkorkS jS;kSA mLrkn* vkijS dkO; esa tu* jS vykok vkSj fd.kh uS Lohdkj uha djÓkSA okStu jkS lkpkS lsod c.;kS] b.kh okLrS yksx m.kuS tudfo jkS ukao ns; fn;kSA tudfo jhnhB vk jS;h dS lekt uS txko.kkS gS rkS lekt esa ukjh uS txko.kkS iM+Syk] lekt esa ukjhuS Bkoh BkSM+ fnjko.kh iM+SykA b.kh dkj.k lwa tudfo mLrkn* jS dkO; esa ukjh fl.kxkj&lqanjh*c.k*j lkaEgh uha vkoSA ok lekt esa psruk txko.k okGh lxrh iqat* c.k lkaEgh vkoSA oklksl.k] vR;kpkj jS f[kykQ yM+S vj lekt jS fodkl [kkrj vkijh cjkscjh jh HkwfedkfuHkkoSA ok iM+nka] EgSyka] gosfy;ka ;k xSa.kka esa nC;ksM+h detksj ukjh uha gS] ok ejn jSlkFkS&lkFkS la?k"kZ dj.k okGh vj ts ejn vkijkS drZO; Hkwy tkoS rks m.kuS ekjx fn[kko.kokGh lxrh bZ c.k lkaEgh vkoSA ns'k jh lkekftd] jktuhfrd ifjfLFkfr;ka lwa la?k"kZ dj.kokGkS dfo vktknh jS iNS bZ lqjkt [kkrj yM+rka&yM+rka 29 vDVwcj] 1965 jS fnu vkijhHkkSfrd dk;k uS NksM nhA dfo Hkyka bZ vkt uha gS] i.k m.kka jS dkO;&:i cksyka esa vktyxtho.k jh tksr tkxrh futj vkoSA

ikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpS^tqxoka.kh* dfork tudfo jh vkRek jh vkokt vj m.kjS dkO;&lansl jkS lkj gS] tBS okSvkijS lSatksM+ tqx uS le>S vj le>koSA dfo b.kesa b.k ckr jkS [kqyklkS djS dS lekt

126

jkS lkpkS lsod vj lkpkS ekjx&njld okS bZt dfo gS ftdkS fd.kh bZ ifjfLFkfr esa >qdSuha] fd.kh bZ yksHk] ykyp ;k Mj&Hk; lwa ncS uhaA lkpkS lkfgR;dkj okS bZt gS] ftdkS lxGkauS lkp jk njl.k djkoSA lkpkS feu[k uha rkS vkt rd nC;kS gS vj uha vkxS bZ dnSbZ ncSykAtudfo fy[kS dS tn&tn turk jh vkokt uS dksbZ ncko.k jh dkslhl djh gS] rkS turkm.kuS iyV*j tckc fn;kS gSA >wB&vU;k;] vR;kpkj ?k.kk fnuka rd pky.k okGk uha gSAtudfo mLrkn* vkxS fy[kS dS bfrgkl esa dsbZ yksx vk;k&x;k gS] i.k yksx rks m.kka uSbZt ;kn jk[kS ftdk lkp uS le>S vj le>koS] lkp lwa MjS dksuhA feu[k jh dk;k rkSvko.kh&tko.kh gS] i.k b.k txr esa feu[k vkijS dje lwa] vkijh dj.kh lwa] vkijh nhB lwa]vkijS lansl lwa thorkS jSoSA lkpk.kh vkS tudfo bZ b.kh Hkkar thoS gSA

b.kh Hkkar ^gsr pkbtS* esa tudfo lekt esa lc rjS jh folerkoka uS feVko.k jkSlansl fn;kSA mLrkn* jkS eku.kkS jS;kS dS lekt jkS ts fodkl dj.kkS gS rkS lekt esa gsr*vj vi.kk;r* jkS Hkko txko.kkS iM+SykA b.kh okLrS oS fy[kS dS ^tu tu jS eu gsr pkbtSA**tn tqx esa cnGko gqoS] m.k csGk yksxka esa vsdrk vj lkopsrh gqo.kh pkbZtSA ts lektesa QwV&Qthrk gqoS rkS okS lekt fodkl uha dj ldSA ft.k lekt esa tkar&ikar jS èkjevj vkèkkj lwa Qjd djhtS okS lekt dnSbZ vkxS uha c/k ldSA tudfo ^mLrkn* vk ckr[kjS :i lwa fy[kS dS feu[k jS HkkX; uS c.kko.k okGkS dksbZ nwtkS uha gqoS] feu[k vkijkS Hkkx[kqn c.kkoSA b.k lekt jS fodkl [kkrj usrkoka] vQljka] djlka.kka] etwjka vj lxGh turkuS vsd gqo.kkS pkbZtSA lxGka jh vsdrk lwa bZt nsl dslj jh D;kjh T;wa QwBjkS vj egdrkSc.kSykA

tqxoka.khtqxoka.khtqxoka.khtqxoka.khtqxoka.kh

vk tudfo jh tqxoka.kh] vk dnsu pqi jg tka.kh]dksbZ yk[k tru dj gkjs] vk le>s lkap lq.kk.khA

dksbZ ekj dwV /kedkbZ] /ku&dqjc&/kke yypkbZ]lS tqx jk tqYeh [kiX;k] b.k djh ugha lq.kokbZ]vk[kfM+;k lks vkFkfM+;k] b.k ekFkS /kwal tek.khA

tu tu jS ix csM+h gh] turk xkMj tSM+h gh]jktk jkS tksj tekao.k] vaxjst QkSt usM+h gh]tn dBS nch tcjka lwa] vc fd.kjS gkFk ncka.khA

tn xksjh gdqer vM+rh] lM+dka ij xksGÓka >M+rh]tsGka esa pkS[kV pf<+;k] ekSjka jh [kky m/kM+rh]i.k tS Lojkt ?kqjkZrk] ujfla?k tqR;ksM+k ?kka.khA

127

vk pksV yX;ka pedS gS] fuj.kka isVka nedS gS]QkVk tkeka esa j.k jk] >aMk fx.krh /kedS gS]b.k jk /k.k&Vkcj tka.kS] foink ekFkS eqldka.khA

vk Hkwyk le>k ysyk] ÅtM+ [kM+rka ikySyk]iwBS] b.k ?kM+h vxkM+h] gkyh] gkdS] gkySykAtqx&tqx b.k jh Hkkoh gS] flyxka.kh Qsj c.kka.khA

xk;d bd fnu feV tklh] i.k vSM+k xhr c.kklh]tu&tu js daBka jelh] ih<h&nj&ih<h tklh]vk dk;k rkS dfo jh gS] i.k turk jh tqxoka.khA

zz

gsr pkbZtSgsr pkbZtSgsr pkbZtSgsr pkbZtSgsr pkbZtS

tu&tu js eu gsr pkbZtS]tqx lkFkS ladV jh osGk] lxGk lqHkV lpsr pkbZtSA

ft.k turk esa QwV&Qthrh] [kqyh fdaokM+Ók] yksx uphrk]rd feyrka m.k ?kj esa cM+lh ywad] fl;kGÓk] xaMd] phrk]tu&cG esa y; ctj dVS] ij ru cG rst lpsr pkbZtSA

/kje&<wax jk [kqY;k [kyhrk] tkr&ikar jk tX;k iyhrk]tqx tho.k esa yk; yxkrk] iui j;k tu yksgh ihrk]QwV lean jh Hkaojk frjck] tu&eu esGi lsr pkbZtSA

fy[;k ys[k lwa yksd eqxr gS] i.k thou tatkG tqxr gS]uok jko us uok jkoGk] dq.k tka.kS tu jh gqder gS]dke djS okajh jluk esa] djh ckr jkS csar pkbZtSA

vsd pjS pkSjklh ihlS] m.k ?kj lerk fd.k fo/k nhlS]tu jk ihM+d djS [ka[kkjk] tu jk HkhM+w eqM+nk ?khlS]/kkM+fo;ka jS /kwM+ ektuS] Ugka[k.k ewBh jsr pkbZtSA

usrk] gkde] uS b/kdkjh] gG/kj dG/kj turk lkjh],d euka iqjlkjFk dj uS] eqyd djS dslj jh D;kjh]Hkqt eS.kr jk lhjh mitS] [kjkS dek;kS [ksr pkbZtSA

128

/kj [kSap.k nqle.k lhaokM+S] nks phrk nksuwa fnl ngkM+S]vsd euks tkX;ka tutho.k] vsd fHkM+S bDdhl iNkM+S]ctjcGh Hkkjr jS jFk jk] lxGk rqjax dqesr pkbZtSA

jtFkkauh] dLehj] caxkyh] iatkch] mfM+;k] efy;kGh]dj.kkVd xqtjkr ejkBk] dsjy mÙkjk[kaM jk gkGh]oka esa Hkqt eS.kr HksGi jh] uotho.k jh usr pkbZtSA

zz

vc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFktqxoka.kh¾leS jh vkoktA tqYeh¾tqYe djf.k;k] vR;kpkjhA [kiX;k¾[kre gq;X;kAvk[kfM+;k¾yM+[kM+k;kA csM+h¾xqykeh jh lkadGA xkMj¾HksM+A tcjka¾rkdrojA fuj.kka¾Hkw[kkAtkeka¾diM+kA ÅtM+¾fcuk ekjx jSA tw>kjka¾tq) jS eka; tw>.k okGk tks)kA iGhrk&iwGkSyxko.kkS] yM+kbZ jh yk;A yk;¾vkxA yksgh¾[kwuA ihaMd¾ihM+ nsof.k;kA HkhM+w¾i{k/kjAèkkM+oh¾ywVsjkA lhaokM+S¾lhek ekFkSA rqjax¾?kksM+kA jluk¾thHkA csar¾uki] ekiA


fodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- tudfo x.ks'khyky O;kl ^mLrkn* dq.klh dkO;/kkjk jk dfo gS&

¼v½ izxfrlhy ¼c½ izÑfrlhy¼l½ lEcks/ku dkO; ¼n½ gkykoknh

¼ ½2- ^tqxoka.kh lwa dfo jkS eku.kkS gS&

¼v½ dfo;ka jh oka.kh ¼c½ leS jh lkph oka.kh¼l½ vktknh jh oka.kh ¼n½ etnwjka jh oka.kh

¼ ½3- tn nsl xqyke gkS] turk dSM+h gh\

¼v½ HkksGh gh ¼c½ xkMj tSM+h¼l½ xk; tSM+h ¼n½ csM+h tSM+h

¼ ½4- ^^ekSjka jh [kky m/kM+rhA** b.k vksGh esa ^ekSjka jh [kky* lwa dfo jkS vkl; gS&

¼v½ ihB jh pkeM+h ¼c½ eksj jh [kky¼l½ jktk eksj/kt ¼n½ tsGka jk eksj

¼ ½

129

lko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- lkp dq.k lq.kkoS\2- tS Lojkt dq.k ?kqjkZrk\3- fuj.kka isV lwa dkabZ eryc gS\4- ÅtM+&[kM+rka lwa dkabZ eryc gS\5- ^/kkofM+;ka jS /kwM+ ektuS* esa dfo dkabZ dSoS\6- ^lxGk lqHkV lpsr* pkbZtS esa dq.k&lks vyadkj gS\

NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- ^tqx jk tqyfe;ka* tqxoka.kh uS Fkke.k lk: dkabZ&dkabZ djÓkS\2- ^vk le>S lkap lq.kk.kh* lwa dkabZ vkl; gS\3- turk uS ^xkMj* tSM+h D;wa crkbZth gS\4- ^tqxoka.kh* dkabZ&dkabZ dke djlh\5- ^ft.k turk esa QwV Qthrk* gqo.k lwa dkabZ gqoS\6- ^QwV leanjh Hkaojk rjGk* esa dfo dkabZ dSo.kkS pkoS\7- lerk Y;ko.k lk: dkabZ dj.kkS iM+lh\

ys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- tqxoka.kh* dfork vk/kqfud izxfr'khy dkO;/kkjk jh vsd ukeh dfork gSA le>kokSA2- ^gsr pkbZtS* dfork jkS lkj fy[kkSA3- uhspS fnjhth vksfG;ka jh ijlaxkÅ O;k[;k djkS&¼v½ vk pksV yX;ka pedS gS] fuj.kka isVka nedS gS]

QkVk tkeka esa j.k jk] >aMk fx.krh /kedS gS]b.k jk /k.k&Vkcj tka.kS] foink ekFkS eqldka.khA

¼c½ xk;d bd fnu feV tklh] i.k vSM+k xhr c.kklh]tu&tu js daBka jelh] ih<h&nj&ih<h tklh]vk dk;k rkS dfo jh gS] i.k turk jh tqxoka.khA

¼l½ ft.k turk esa QwV&Qthrh] [kqyh fdaokM+Ók] yksx uphrk]rd feyrka m.k ?kj esa cM+lh ywad] fl;kGÓk] xaMd] phrk]tu&cG esa y; ctj dVS] ij ru cG rst lpsr pkbZtSA

¼n½ usrk] gkde] uS b/kdkjh] gG/kj dG/kj turk lkjh],d euka iqjlkjFk dj uS] eqyd djS dslj jh D;kjh]Hkqt eS.kr jk lhjh mitS] [kjkS dek;kS [ksr pkbZtSA

130


bZ'oj!] jke&uke] lkp*j >wB!] fujkdkj!bZ'oj!] jke&uke] lkp*j >wB!] fujkdkj!bZ'oj!] jke&uke] lkp*j >wB!] fujkdkj!bZ'oj!] jke&uke] lkp*j >wB!] fujkdkj!bZ'oj!] jke&uke] lkp*j >wB!] fujkdkj!

dUgS;kyky lsfB;kdUgS;kyky lsfB;kdUgS;kyky lsfB;kdUgS;kyky lsfB;kdUgS;kyky lsfB;k

dfo&ifjpSdfo&ifjpSdfo&ifjpSdfo&ifjpSdfo&ifjpSvkèkqfud jktLFkkuh dkO; ijEijk jk oS dfo ftdk jktLFkkuh dkO; uS uwaoh fiNk.k fnjk;h]dfork uS uwoSa <kGS <kGh vj b.kuS Hkko vj Hkklk jh uwaoh vkèkkjHkkse nh] oka esa dfodUgS;kyky lsfB;k jkS ukao gjkoG esa gSA dfo lsfB;k jkS tue 11 flrEcj] 1919 uS pw:ftyk jS lqtkux<+ esa gq;kSA l#vkrh tho.k vkijkS vBS bZt chR;kS] i.k iNS vki dydÙkkx;k ijkA cBS lwa vki Lukrd Lrj jh i<+kbZ djhA m.kjS iNS vktknh jk vkanksyu esadwnX;kA b.k lwa i<+kbZ NwVxh] ftdh ?k.kka cjlka iNS t;iqj lwa iwjh gqbZA lsfB;kth ekFkSxkaèkh&njl.k jh Nki jS;hA vki çxfrlhy jpukoka bZ fy[kh] i.k vkijh dfork jkS ewy Hkkov/;kRe vj njl.k jkS jS;kSA vkijh dforkoka çÑfr jk Hkkoka uS Hkh mdsjÓkA dfo dUgS;kykylsfB;k jh nks jpukoka jktLFkku vj jktLFkkuh dkO; jh fiNk.k c.kxh] ft.kesa vsd èkjrhèkksjka jh* vj nwth ikry vj ihFky* jS;hA jktLFkkuh èkjk vj b.kjS vuwBS bfrgkl jh >kadh^èkjrh èkksjka jh* xhr lwa feGS] rkS ikry vj ihFky* dfork jh vksfG;ka vjs ?kkl jh jksVhgh---* gjsd e#/kjoklh jS daBka jkS gkj c.kxhA vk dfork egkjk.kk çrki jS xkSjo jkS c[kk.kdjÓkS gSA jef.k;S jk lksjBk* dkO;&Ñfr uhfr dkO; ijaijk jkS lkarjkS mnkgj.k gSA fd.khHkh dfork esa Hkklk] flYi] Hkko&lEink vj lEçs"k.kh;rk jh folslrk gqo.kh ?k.kh t:jhekuhth gSA ts b.kka eka; lwa dksbZ vsd Hkko Hkh detksj gq; tkoS] rkS m.k dfork jkS çHkkoHkh de gq; tkoSA b.k nhB lwa ns[kka rks y[kkoS dS lsfB;k jkS dkO; dBSbZ de gqorkS uhaykxSA lcnka vj Hkkoka esa xaHkhjrk gS] rkS fopkjka jh Øec)rk dkO; vkuUn uS laiwj.k djSA

dUgS;kyky lsfB;k jh dkO;&Ñfr;ka b.k Hkkar jS;h gS& 1- jef.k;S jk lksjBk 2-eha>j3- xGxfp;k ¼x|xhr½ 4- dwa dwa 5- yhyVkal 6- èkj dwpka èkj etyka 7- lrok.kh 8- lcn9- v?kksjh dkG 10- ek;M+ jkS gsykS 11- dDdkS dksM jkS 12- nhB 13- yhd&ydksfG;k vknAvkijh fuxzZaFk* iksFkh ekFkS Hkkjrh; KkuihB dkauh lwa ewfrZ nsoh iqjLdkj* feGÓkSA lkfgR;vdknseh dkauh lwa yhyVkal* ekFkS iqjLdkj fnjhT;kSA jktLFkku lkfgR; vdkneh] mn;iqjdkauh lwa ^euh"kh lEeku*] jktLFkkuh Hkklk] lkfgR;] laLÑfr vdkneh] chdkusj dkauh lwa^lw;ZeYy ehl.k iqjLdkj* vkiuS feGÓkSA b.kka jS vykok jktLFkku fo'ofo|ky; dkauh lwaekun~ MhfyV~- mikf/k lsrh dsbZ lEeku feGÓkA vkiuS Hkkjr ljdkj dkauh lwa ^in~eJh*ljh[kkS fljS lEeku bZ feGÓkSA

ikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB esa fnjhth dfork] dfo dUgS;kyky lsfB;k jh ^yhyVkal* iksFkh lwa fyjhth gSA^yhyVkal* Hkko vj njl.k jh xaHkhjrk fy;ksM+h iksFkh gSA b.k iksFkh jh lSa lwa eksVh [kkfl;r

131

gS dS b.k Ñfr jh 68 dforkoka] ftdh fn[k.k esa NksVh&NksVh gS] i.k njl.k] lekt]euksfoKku] lkfgR; vj laLØfr tSM+k fol;ka uS fy;ksM+h gSA vS NksVh&NksVh dforkoka dBSbZrkS Kku&lw=ka uS ifjHkkflr djS] rkS dBSbZ Kku jh xzafFk;ka uS [kksySA b.kka esa dBSbZ lektjh folerk jkS oj.kko gS] rkS dBSbZ oka folerkoka jkS gy bZ gSA dBSbZ eku[kS jS eu jhleL;koka jkS lqG>ko bZ gS] rkS dBSbZ ekuo eu jh detksjh uS bZ njlk;h gSA Hkkoka jhxaHkhjrk fy;ka vS dforkoka lsfB;kth jS fopkj&njl.k jh vksG[kk.k djkoSA

bZ'oj!] jke&uke] lkp*j >wB] fujkdkj!bZ'oj!] jke&uke] lkp*j >wB] fujkdkj!bZ'oj!] jke&uke] lkp*j >wB] fujkdkj!bZ'oj!] jke&uke] lkp*j >wB] fujkdkj!bZ'oj!] jke&uke] lkp*j >wB] fujkdkj!

bZ'oj!bZ'oj!bZ'oj!bZ'oj!bZ'oj!

dq.k ns[;kS gSbZ'oj\b± loky jkS tckcvkS rGkc]tdks dksuh ns[;kS leUnj!

jke&ukejke&ukejke&ukejke&ukejke&uke

lksuS jkS ihatjkSe[key jh [kksGhjru ckVdka esankM+e*j nk[kfl[kkoS lwoVS uScksy feëwjk/ks';kelkewalkexGh esa cSBkSHkw[kkS lwjnklNksM fn;k fijk.kjV jV*j jke&uke!

lkp*j >wB!lkp*j >wB!lkp*j >wB!lkp*j >wB!lkp*j >wB!

pkdh jkSgsVykS ikVlkp]ÅijykS ikV>wB]lkp jSlkaEgh Nkrh dhy>wB jSiwB esa ewB!

fujkdkj!fujkdkj!fujkdkj!fujkdkj!fujkdkj!

ijr[k uSdkabZijek.k jh njdkj!dkanS jkNwardk mrkjvkdkj esafujkdkj!zz

vc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFklwoVkS¾feëw] rksrkSA lwjnkl¾vka/kkS vknehA fijk.k¾izk.k] lkalA pkdh¾?kêhA gsBykS¾fupykSAiwB¾ykjS] ihNSA ijr[k¾lSewaMS] lUeq[kA dkankS¾I;ktA nkM+e¾vukjA nk[k¾fdlfelAnjdkj¾t:jrA

132


fodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- dUgS;kyky lsfB;k jkS tue dBS gq;kS&

¼v½ guqekux<+ ¼c½ lqtkux<¼l½ twukx< ¼n½ Hkjriqj

¼ ½2- dsUæh; lkfgR; vdknseh lwa iqjLÑr Ñfr dq.klh gS&

¼v½ yhyVkal ¼c½ eha>j¼l½ v?kksjh dkG ¼n½ dwadwa

¼ ½3- dq.klh dfork dUgS;kyky lsfB;k jh uha gS&

¼v½ lkp*j >wB ¼c½ fujkdkj¼l½ tq) ¼n½ jke uke

¼ ½4- ^^dkanS jk Nwardk mrkj* esa dfo jkS Hkko jS;kS gS&

¼v½ dkanS jS Lokn jkS ¼c½ lalkj jS eksg jkS¼l½ fujkdkj jkS ¼n½ b.k eka; lwa vsd bZ uha

¼ ½lko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- jktLFkkuh Hkklk jS vykok dfo jh jP;ksM+h [kkl jpukoka jk ukao crkokSA2- b.k ikB jh dforkoka dfo jh dq.klh iksFkh lwa fy;ksM+h gS\3- lkp jS lkaEgh Nkrh dkabZ ÅHkh gS\4- rGkc dkabZ uha ns[;kS\5- jru ckVdS esa nkM+e vj nk[k fd.k lk: gk\

NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky&NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky&NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky&NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky&NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky&1- ^bZ'oj* dfork jS ek/;e lwa dfo dkabZ dSo.kkS pkoS\2- ^lkp*j >wB* dfork dkabZ lansl nsoS\3- dUgS;kyky lsfB;k jh [kkl jpukoka jk ukao crkokSA4- ^fujkdkj* dfork jkS Hkko crkokSA5- ^jke uke* dfork esa vkbZ laosnuk uS /;ku esa jk[krka Fkdka dfo jh nhB uS mtkxj djkSA

ys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- ^^lsfB;k jh dkO;psruk esa lkaLÑfrd] izxfr'khy vj vk/;kfRed Hkko mtkxj gksoSA**

ifBr dforkoka jS vk/kkj ekFkS b.k dFku jkS [kqyklkS djkSA2- b.k dkO; jS vk/kkj ekFkS lsfB;k th jS dkO; jkS Hkkoi[k vj dyki[k le>kokSA

133

3- uhspS fnjhth vksfG;ka jh ijlaxkÅ O;k[;k djkS&¼v½ pkdh jkS gsBykS ikV@lkp

Åijyks ikV@>wBlkp jS lkaEgh Nkrh@dhy>wB jS iwB esa@ewB!

¼c½ dq.k ns[;kS gS@bZ'oj\b± loky jkS tokcvkS rGkc]tdks dksuh ns[;kS lenj!

¼l½ ijr[k [email protected] jh njdkj!dkanS jk@Nwardk mrkjvkdkj esa@fujkdkj!

134


lSuk.khlSuk.khlSuk.khlSuk.khlSuk.kh

es?kjkt êqdqy*es?kjkt êqdqy*es?kjkt êqdqy*es?kjkt êqdqy*es?kjkt êqdqy*

dfo&ifjpSdfo&ifjpSdfo&ifjpSdfo&ifjpSdfo&ifjpSjktLFkkuh dfo&lEesyuka jS eap jk [;krukao dfo;ka esa es?kjkt eqdqy* jkS ukao ?k.kkS ÅapkSvj vueksy jS;kS gSA vki eap jS tfj;S jktLFkkuh dfork uS tu&tu rd iwxk; b.kuS vsduwoha fiNk.k nh gS] okajkS vkS peRdkj jktLFkkuh çseh dnh uha Hkwy ldSA dfo es?kjkt eqdqy*jkS tue pq: jk jktx<+* xkao esa 17 tqykbZ] 1923 uS gq;kSA vkijkS ifjokj rkS lkèkkj.k jS;kS]i.k vki ukao deko.k esa dnh ykjS uha jS;kA NksVh voLFkk lwa dkO; fljt.k dj vki ?k.kkStl dek;kSA jktLFkkuh yksd jh xkSjo xkFkkoka uS vki vkijS Hkkoka vj vk[kjka lwa uwaokS :ifn;kS vj oka dkO; uk;dka uS vej dj fn;k ft.kka jh fprkj yksd esa dha de gq;xh ghAvkijh vkstLoh ok.kh lwa fudGÓk oS lcn vj lcnka lwa mdsjÓksM+k ik= yksd esa uawoh jaxrlkFkS vej gq;X;kA fnuktiqj* jk dfo lEesyu lwa vki ftdh yksd esa iSB c.kk;h m.k jkSoj.kko uha djÓkS tk; ldSA vkijh dforkoka jh iSB yksd esa brjh xSjh vj brjh pkoh jS;hdS yksx pkyrh jsyxkfM;ka jksd] vkijh dforkoka uS lq.k.k jh ekax djrkA vkijh vsddfork lSuk.kh* vka dforkoka eka; lwaa fljS fx.kh tk ldSA vk dfork jktLFkkuh Hkklk vjdkO; uS vsd uwaoh fiNk.k nhA es?kjkt êqdqy* jh lkfgR; vj dkO;&lkèkuk fgUnh vjjktLFkkuh nksuwa gh Hkklkoka eka; pkyrh jS;hA ;wa rkS vkijh jpukoka ohj uk;dka lwa tqM+h jS;h]i.k m.k Hkkoka eka; leS eqtc yxksyx cnGko bZ gqorkS jS;kSA Nanc) dfork lwa xty rdvki fy[khA eqäNan] egkdkO; flj[kh xkFkkoka] xhr vkijh dkO;&lSyh jk pkok nk[kyk gSAb.kka jS lkFkS fcEcka vj çrhdka jkS Hkh uwaokS ç;ksx vkijS dkO; jh lQyrk dS;h tk; ldSAvki dkO; lkèkuk jS lkFkS&lkFkS vki ukVd] jsfM;ks&:id bZ fy[;k] ftdk vkdklok.kh vjnwjnjl.k lwa çlkfjr gq;kA vkijh jktLFkkuh iksfFk;ka b.k Hkkar gS& 1- lSuk.kh 2- dksMens]3-MkaQj] 4- paojh vknA Hkko] Hkklk vj fparu uS leS jS lkFkS uwaokS&uawokS :i nso.kkS eqdqyth jS dkO; jh [kkl folslrk dS;h tk; ldSA lkfgR; jh lkèkuk djrka&djrka eqdqythjkS lqjxokl 30 uoEcj] 1996 uS gq;X;kSA

ikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpS^lSuk.kh* dfork vkèkqfud jktLFkkuh dkO; ijaijk jkS vSM+kS dhjrFkaHk* gS] ft.klwa jktLFkkuhdkO; uS uwaoh fiNk.k feGhA gky rd ftdk yksd jktLFkkuh uS nwgk&Nank jkS ikjEifjddkO; ekurk] m.kuS eqä Nan jh dfork lwa] lqjhyk xhrka lwa eap rd iqxko.k jkS dke dfoeqdqy djÓkSA Hkyka bZ eap jh fiNk.k fpj&fFkj uha jSoS] i.k m.k eap lwa t.kS&t.kS rdjktLFkkuh dkO; iwx tko.k esa lQy jS;kS] ft.kjkS Js; êqdqy* uS fn;kS tko.kkS pkbZtSA^lSuk.kh* dfork jk dkO;&vkèkkj esa esokM+ jk lywEcj fBdk.kS jk pwaMkor fljnkj vj okajhgkMh jk.kh jS;kA vka nksuwa jkS C;ko gq;kS bZt gkS] lst fcNrh bZt gh dS j.kHksjh cktxhA

135

pwaMkor ljnkj tq) esa tko.k okLrS f>>D;k] oS uwaoh jk.kh jS eksg esa iM+.k ykxkA jk.kh okauStq) esa Hkst rkS fn;k] i.k Qs:a bZ okajkS eu jk.kh esa bZt vVD;kS jákSA oS lsod uS Hkst jk.khlwa lSuk.kh* ekaxhA gkMh jk.kh le>xh dS EgkjkS eksg okauS drZO;&ikyu law fojr dj jS;kSgSA ok [kqn jS gkFkka vkijkS lhl dkV lSuk.kh* l:i esa Hkst fn;kSA lSuk.kh uS ns[k ljnkjpedX;kA oS m.k eqaMekG uS xGS èkkj.k dj drZO;&ikyu esa vkijS nsg uS gkse nhA ohjukf;dk jh vk vej xkFkk vkt yx yksd esa vej gS vj jktLFkkuh ohjkxaukoka jh vksG[kuS vk dfork c.kk;h jk[kh gSA b.k xkFkk uS dfo b.k dfork lkarjS <ax lwa ekaMh gSA b.kdfork esa fl.kxkj] ohj] jkSæ] Hk;kud vj ohHkRl jl lkaEgh vk;k gS] i.k lSa law egrkÅ gSjktLFkkuh ohj&ohjkaxukoka jkS vkn'kZ vj cfGnkuA

lSuk.khlSuk.khlSuk.khlSuk.khlSuk.kh

lSuk.k iM+Óks gFkGsoS jkS] fgaxGw ekFkS esa nedS ghAj[kM+h Qsjka jh vk.k fy;ka] xexekV djrh xedS ghAdkad.k&Mksjks iwapS ekagh] pqM+ykS lqgkx yS lq?kM+kbZApqanM+h jks jax u NwVÓks gks] Fkk ca/;k ják fcfN;k rkabZA

vjek.k lqgkx&jkr jk ys] N=k.kh egyka esa vkbZABedS lwa Bqed&Bqed Ne&Ne] p<xh egyka esa ljekbZAiks<.k jh vej fy;ka vklk] I;klk uS.kka esa fy;ka gsrApwaMkor xaBtksM+ks [kksY;ks] ru&eu jh lq/k&cq/k vfeV esVA

i.k ckt jgh Fkh lgukbZ] egyka esa xwaT;ks la[kuknAv/kjka ij v/kj >qD;k jgX;k] ljnkj HkwyX;kS vkfyaxuAjtiwrh eq[k ihGkS iM+X;kS] cksY;kS] ^j.k esa ufga tkÅaykAjk.kh! Fkkjh iydka lgGk] gwa xhr gsr jk xkÅaykA*

^vk ckr mfpr gS dha gn rd] C;k* esa Hkh pSu u ys ikÅa\esokM+ Hkyka D;wa gks u nkl] gwa j.k esa yM+.k ugha tkÅaA*cksyh N=k.kh] ^ukFk! vkt Fks erh i/kkjkS j.k ekaghAryokj crknÓkS] gwa tklwa] Fks pwM+kS iSj jSokS ?kj ekaghA*

dg] dwn iM+h >V lst R;kx] uS.kka esa vxuh ped mBhApaMh jkS :i c.;kS fN.k esa] fcdjkG Hkokuh HkHkd mBhAcksyh] ^vk ckr tpS dksuh] ifr uS pkgwa eSa ejok.kkSAifr Egkjks dksey dwaiG lks] Qwyka lks fN.k esa eqj>k.kkSA

136

iSY;ka dha le> ugha vkbZ] ikxy lks cSBÓkS jákS ew[kZAi.k ckr le> esa tn vkbZ] gks x;k uS.k bdnEe lq[kZAfctGh&lh pkyh jx&jx esa] oks /kkj dop mrjÓks iksM+hAgqadkj ce ce egknso*] Bd&Bd&Bd Bid* c<+h ?kksM+hA

iSY;ka jk.kh uS gj[k gq;kS] i.k Qsj T;ku&lh fudG xbZAdkGtkS eqag dkauh vk;kS] Mc&Mc vka[kfM+;ka iFkj xbZAmUer&lh Hkkth egyka esa] fQj chp >jks[kka fVD;k uS.kAckjS njoktS pwaMkor] mPpkj jg~;kS Fkks ohj&cS.kA

vka[;ka lwa vka[k feGh fN.k esa] ljnkj ohjrk fcljkbZAlsod uS Hkst jkoGS esa] vfUre lSuk.kh eaxokbZAlsod igqaP;ks vUr%iqj esa] jk.kh lwa ekaxh lSuk.khAjk.kh lgeh fQj xjt mBh] cksyh] ^dg nS ejxh jk.khA*

fQj dákS] Bgj! yS lSuk.kh*] dg >iV [kM+x [khaP;kS HkkjhAflj dVÓkS gkFk esa mNG iM+ÓkS] lsod HkkT;kS ys lSuk.khAljnkj ÅNGÓkS ?kksM+h ij] cksY;ks] Y;k&Y;k&Y;k lSuk.khA*fQj ns[;kS dVÓkS lhl galrkS] cksY;kS] jk.kh! esjh jk.khA*

^rwa Hkyh lSuk.kh nh jk.kh! gS /kU; /kU; rwa N=k.khAgwa Hkwy pqD;kS gks j.k&iFk uS] rwa HkykS ikB nhU;kS jk.kh!*dg ,M+ yxkbZ ?kksM+h dS] j.k chp Hk;adj gq;kS uknAdsgjh djh xtZu Hkkjh] vfj&x.k jS Åij iM+h xktA

fQj dVÓkS lhl xG esa /kkjÓkS] cs.kh jh nks yV ckaV cGhAmUeÙk c.;kS fQj djn /kkj] vliÙk QkSt uS [kwc nGhAljnkj fot; ikbZ j.k esa] lkjh txrh cksyh] ^t; gks!*^j.k&nsoh gkM+h jk.kh jh] eka Hkkjr jh t; gks! t; gks!*

zz

vc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFklSuk.k¾fulk.kA gFkGsokS¾C;ko jkS vsd fjokt] ikf.kxzg.kA fgaxGw¾flanwjA j[kM+h¾ekFkS jkSvkHkwl.kA fcfN;k¾ixka jh vkaxfG;ka jkS vkHkwl.kA iks<.kkS¾lkso.kkSA v/kj¾gksBA j.k¾tq)AfcljkbZ¾Hkwyh] ikarjhA [kM+x¾ryokjA dsgjh¾fla?kA vfj&x.k¾l=q lsukA xkt¾[khaorhchtGh ljh[kh ryokj jh pksVA djn¾ryokjA txrh¾lalkjA

137


fodGikfodGikfodGikfodGikfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyÅ iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- lywEcj fBdk.kS jk fljnkj gk&

¼v½ pwaMkor ¼c½ jk.kk pwaMk¼l½ gkM+kor ¼n½ jk.kk izrki

¼ ½2- es?kjkt êqdqy* jkS tye gq;kS&

¼v½ jktx< esa ¼c½ jkex< esa¼l½ guqekux< esa ¼n½ jk;x< esa

¼ ½3- fnuktiqj dfo lEesyu esa iSB c.kkbZ&

¼v½ pUæflag ¼c½ lw;ZeYy¼l½ es?kjkt êqdqy* ¼n½ dkunku dfYir*

¼ ½4- dq.klh iksFkh es?kjkt êqdqy* jh uha gS&

¼v½ dksMens ¼c½ lSuk.kh¼l½ MkaQj ¼n½ clar

¼ ½lko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- es?kjkt êqdqy* jkS tye dn gq;kS\2- es?kjkt êqdqy* dq.k&dq.klh Hkklkoka esa dkO; fljt.k djÓkS\3- êgyka esa xwaT;kS la[kuknA** vBS la[kukn fd.k ckr jkS izrhd gS\4- jk.kh pwaMkor uS dkabZ lSuk.kh nh\5- dfo êqdqy* jh fd.kh nks iksF;ka jk ukao crkokSA6- dfo êqdqy* fd.k&fd.k dkO;&:ika esa fljt.k djÓkS\

NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky&NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky&NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky&NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky&NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky&1- es?kjkt êqdqy* jS dkO; jh [kkl folslrkoka dkabZ gS\2- ^îfr EgkjkS dksey dwaiG&lks** esa dq.k&dq.klk vyadkj vk;k gS\3- ^î.k ckt jgh Fkh lgukbZ] egyka esa xwaT;kS la[kukn** vksGh jkS Hkko&foLrkj djkSA4- dfo es?kjkt êqdqy* jS jpuk&lalkj jh vksG[k djkokSA5- pwaMkor j.k esa tko.k lwa D;wa uVX;kS\6- pwaMkor jh tq) esa uha tko.k jh ckr lq.k*j jk.kh dkabZ dS;kS\7- ^^rwa HkykS ikB nhU;kS jk.khA** jk.kh] pwaMkor fljnkj uS dkabZ ikB i<k;kS\

138

ys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- ^^es?kjkt eqdqy* jktLFkkuh Hkklk vj lkfgR;&lk/kuk uS vsd uwaoh fiNk.k nh gSA** b.k

dFku jh nhB lwa dfo jS O;fDrRo vj ÑfrRo jkS oj.ku djkSA2- ^^lSuk.kh dfork jktLFkkuh dkO;&ijEijk jkS dhjr&FkaHk gSA** b.k dFku uS /;ku esa

jk[krk Fkdka lSuk.kh dfork jS Hkko vj dyki[k jkS [kqyklkS djkSA3- ^lSuk.kh* dfork jkS lkj vkijS lcnka esa fy[kkSA4- uhspS fnjhth vksfG;ka jh ijlaxkÅ O;k[;k djkS&¼v½ ^vk ckr mfpr gS dha gn rd] C;k* esa Hkh pSu u ys ikÅa\

esokM+ Hkyka D;wa gks u nkl] gwa j.k esa yM+.k ugha tkÅaA*cksyh N=k.kh] ukFk! vkt Fks erh i/kkjkS j.k ekaghAryokj crknÓkS] gwa tklwa] Fks pwM+kS iSj jSokS ?kj ekaghA*

¼c½ iSY;ka dha le> ugha vkbZ] ikxy lks cSBÓkS jákS ew[kZAi.k ckr le> esa tn vkbZ] gks x;k uS.k bdnEe lq[kZAfctGh&lh pkyh jx&jx esa] oks /kkj dop mrjÓks iksM+hAgqadkj ^ce ce egknso*] ^Bd&Bd&Bd Bid* c<+h ?kksM+hA

¼l½ vka[;ka lwa vka[k feGh fN.k esa] ljnkj ohjrk fcljkbZAlsod uS Hkst jkoGS esa] vfUre lSuk.kh eaxokbZAlsod igqaP;ks vUr%iqj esa] jk.kh lwa ekaxh lSuk.khAjk.kh lgeh fQj xjt mBh] cksyh] ^dg nS ejxh jk.khA*

¼n½ ^rwa Hkyh lSuk.kh nh jk.kh! gS /kU; /kU; rwa N=k.khAgwa Hkwy pqD;kS gkS j.k&iFk uS] rwa HkykS ikB nhU;kS jk.kh!*dg ,M+ yxkbZ ?kksM+h dS] j.k chp Hk;adj gq;kS uknAdsgjh djh xtZu Hkkjh] vfj&x.k jS Åij iM+h xktA

139


^yw* vj ^cknGh*^yw* vj ^cknGh*^yw* vj ^cknGh*^yw* vj ^cknGh*^yw* vj ^cknGh*

pUæflagpUæflagpUæflagpUæflagpUæflagdddddfofofofofo&&&&&ifjpSifjpSifjpSifjpSifjpSjktLFkkuh izØfr dkO;&ijEijk jk ywaBk dfo pUæflag jkS tye chdkusj jS xkao fcjdkGhesa fo-la- 1969 esa gq;kSA vkijk firk Bkdqj [kweflagth gk] i.k iNS vki Bkdqj gfjflagthjS [kksGS vk;kA vkijkS ykyu&ikyu lkearh ifjosl esa gq;kS] i.k b.k ifjosl jkS çHkko vkijSO;fäRo ekFkS gkoh uha gq;kSA vkijh f'k{kk&nh{kk chdkusj esa gqbZA lkearh ifjosl lwa tq³ÓkjSork Fkdka bZ vki lkear'kkgh jkS fojksèk djÓkS] ft.kjkS nk[kykS okajS Ldwyh tho.k esaNk=la?k jkS pquko cSysV isij* lw djko.k jS :i esa ns[;kS tk ldSA bLdwyh Hk.kkbZ ukscybLdwy] chdkusj vj d‚yst f'k{kk] Mwaxj d‚yst chdkusj lwa iwjh gq;hA vkijk lkFkh&lk;ukaesa lw;Zdj.k ikjhd] eqjyhèkj O;kl] Bk- jkeflag vj jkor lkjLor dS;k tk ldSA çks-ujksÙkenkl Lokeh ;wa rkS vkijk xq# gk] i.k fljt.k èkkjk esa oS vkijk [kjk fe= vjekjx&njld jS;kA dfo pUæflag vuqlkflr vj Bhej O;fäRo jk èk.kh jS;kA oakjkS jktLFkkuhdkauh luso ?k.kkS xSjkS jS;kSA izØfr dkauh Hkh okajkS >qdko ?k.kkS xSjkS jS;kS] b.kh dkj.k oS cUlZ]dhV~l] oMZ~l oFkZ] lSyh] VSuhlu vj Hkkjrh; dfo;ka esa lqfe=kuanu iar jh dkO; jpukokajh [kkl Hk.kkbZ djhA oS dkO; esa cqf) rÙo uS dnSbZ egÙo uha fn;kSA oS dkO; uS dnSbZfopkjèkkjk jS çpkj&çlkj jkS lkèku uha ekU;kSA dfo pUæflag dfork uS dnSbZ eap lwa dksuhtksM+hA okajkS eku.kkS gkS dS dfork uS le>.k jh t#jr gSA okajh jpukoka b.k Hkkar jS;h gS&1-ckGlkn 2- dS eqdj.kh 3- lka> 4- cknGh 5- yw 6- e#efgek 7- MkaQjA jktLFkkuh çÑfrdkO;&ijEijk jk pkok jpukdkj pUæflag jh tho.k tk=k 1996 bZ- esa laiwj.k gq;hA

ikB&ikB&ikB&ikB&ikB&ifjpSifjpSifjpSifjpSifjpSyw yw yw yw yw % jktLFkkuh izØfr dkO;&ijEijk jk pkok dfo pUæflag vkijh dkO;&lkèkuk esajktLFkkuh izØfr jS egrkÅ i[k esa yw* uS fd;ka Hkqyk ldrk gkA b.kh okLrS oS yw* uS vkèkkjc.kk; vkijh jpuk djhA yw* jS rh[kkl jkS çØfr] tho&ftukoj vj feu[kktw.k ekFkS dkabZvlj gqoS] b.kjkS :ikGkS fprjkae ekaMîkS gSA yw* vsd dkauh çØfr jS QwBjkiS jkS foukl djS]rkS nwth dkauh cknGÓka uS tye bZ nsoSA b.k okLrS e#èkjk m.k ywoka uS ?k.kkS yMkoSA dfob.k Hkko uS ?k.kS QwBjkiS lkFkS ekaMîkS gS&

^^tho.k nkrk cknGÓka] Fkkalwa tho.k ik;AHky ywoka cktkS fdÙkh] eqjèkj lglh yk;AA**

cknGhcknGhcknGhcknGhcknGh % e#/kj çnsl jktLFkku jS okLrS cknGÓka jkS ?k.kkS egÙo gSA cknGÓka vBS tho.knkrkekuhth gSA cknGÓka* e# çns'k jS okLrS uwaokS tho.k ys;*j vkoSA cknGÓka* vk;ka ?k.kkS gj[kgqoSA çÑfr] thoktw.k vj eku[kS jS tho.k esa cknGh uwaoh YgSj ys;*j vkoSA b.kh vk.kan jkSoj.kko dfo b.k jpuk esa djÓkS gSA vBS ^cknGh* ukf;dk gS] ftdh dnSbZ lwjt lk:ltS&laojS rkS dnSbZ iou jS lkFkS jeSA vka nksuwa jpukoka esa miek] :id vuqçkl] mRçs{kkvyadkj vj jktLFkkuh vyadkj oS.klxkbZ jkS [kkl cjrko gq;kS gSA

140

ywywywywyw

dksey dksey ika[kM+Óka] dksey dksey ikuAdksey dksey csyM+Óka] jk[;k ywvka /;kuAA

dkph dwaiG Qwy QG] QwVh lk c.kjk;AckM+h Hkjh clar jh] ywVh ywvka vk;AA

iks[kh dfG;ka I;kj lwa] Hkj&Hkj vkl vVwVAfcy[kS lkjh csyM+Óka] ywvka yh/kh ywVAA

ukUgk&ukUgk QwyM+k] eksVk&eksVk QwyAdkph dfG;ka jksfl;ka] dh/kh vk ds HkwyAA

pw.k ys.k jS pko esa] fpfM+;ka [kksyS pkapAHkhrj lkjkS HkwatoS] ywvka vdjh vkapAA

fvfe lwdh vka[;ka feph] fgj.;ka #dh iqdkjAykx yisVS yw r.kS] çk.kka yh/k mMkjAA

NIij vksjka Nkag esa] dj&dj iwGks vksVA?k.kh tqxr jk[kS /k.kh] yqvka u pwdS pksVAA

zz

cknGhcknGhcknGhcknGhcknGh

tho.k uS lg rjfl;k] catM+ >a[kM+ ck<Acjl vs HkksGh cknGh] vk;kS vkt vklk<AA

fNusd lwjt fu[kfj;kS] fc[kjh cknfG;kagAfpyd.k eqag vc ykfx;kS] /kjk fdj.k fefy;kagAA

igjS cnGS cknGh] cnG igj cnGk;Alwjt lktu uS l[kh] vklh dq.klkS nk;AA

nwj f[kfrt ij cknGÓka] P;k:a fnl esa xktAtk.kS dEej cka/kyh] vkHkS cjl.k vktAA

141

ehBk cksyS eksfj;k] Mwaxk&Vksdka xktAiy&iy lktu laHkjS] blM+h csGk vktAA

vkt dGk;.k ÅeVh] NksM [kwc gGwlAlkS lkS dkslka cjllh] djlh dkG fo/kwalAA

Vi&Vi pwoS vkljk] Vi&Vi fojgh uS.kA>i&>i iGdk cht jk] >i&>i fgoM+kS lS.kAA

zz

vc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFklg¾lxGk] lkjkA catM+¾catj /kjrhA >a[kM+¾>kM+&>a[kkM+A ck<¾>kM+h] [ksrka jh ckM+Ank;¾ilanA f[kfrt¾tBS vkHkkS vj /kjrh HksGk gqaork nhlSA vkHkkS¾vkdklA dGk;.k¾dkGScknGka jh ?kVkA fo/kwal¾[kre] fo.kklA iku¾iÙkkA fcy[kS¾foyki djSA pw.k¾vkVkSA dhèkh¾djhAgGwl¾mYykl lkFkS] vkikS NksM*jA


fodGikÅ i³wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ i³wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ i³wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ i³wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ i³wÙkj okGk loky1- ^yw* vj ^cknGh* dkO; Ñfr;ka jk jpukdkj gS&

¼v½ dUgS;kyky lsfB;k ¼c½ es?kjkt eqdqy¼l½ pUæflag fcjdkGh ¼n½ guqeku nhf{kr

¼ ½2- ^yw* vj ^cknGh* fd.k Hkkar jh dkO;&jpuk gS&

¼v½ izØfr dkO; ¼c½ izxfrlhy dkO;¼l½ ohj jlkRed dkO; ¼n½ O;aX;kRed dkO;

¼ ½3- clar jh ckM+h uS ywVh&

¼v½ cknGh ¼c½ ywvka¼l½ HkrwfG;kS ¼n½ vksl

¼ ½

4- cknGh esa lktu crk;kS gS&¼v½ pkan uS ¼c½ fcj[kk uS¼l½ /kjrh uS ¼n½ lwjt uS

¼ ½

142

5- igjS&cnGS cknGh eka; dq.klkS vyadkj gS&¼v½ oS.klxkbZ ¼c½ Lysl¼l½ vuqizkl ¼n½ :id

¼ ½

lko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- pUæflag jkS tye dBS gq;kS\2- pUæflag jh [kkl nks; dforkoka dq.klh gS\3- tho.k uS dq.k&dq.k rjl jS;k gS\4- ^cnG&igj cnGk;* eka; dq.klkS vyadkj gS\5- ^ykx yisVS yw r.kS* eka; dq.klkS vyadkj gS\6- ywvka lwa fd.kjkS /;ku jk[k.kS jh vjt djhth gS\7- ^cjl vs HkksGh cknGh* dfo cknGh uS HkksGh D;wa crkbZ gS\

NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- pUæflag fcjdkGh jh jfpr Ñfr;ka jk ukao fy[kkSA2- ^cknGh* vj ^yw* fd.k Hkkar jk dkO; gS\ lkj :i esa le>kokSA3- pUæflag fcjdkGh izÑfr jkS ekuohdj.k fd.k Hkkar djÓkS gS\ le>kokSA4- cknGh fd.kjS eu HkkaorkS c.kko] fd;ka vj fd.k Hkkar djS\ le>kokSA5- dfo ^yw* lwa dkabZ vjt djh gS\6- ^fcy[kS lkjh csyM+Óka ywvka yh/kh ywV* iafDr jkS Hkko lkjkal crkokSA

ys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- ^yw* vj ^cknGh* jS vk/kkj ekFkS fl) djkS dS pUæflag fcjdkGh e#&izØfr jk fprsjk gSA2- cknGh dkO; jkS Hkkoi[k vj dyki[k le>kokSA3- ^yw* dkO; jkS lkj fy[kkSA4- uhpS fnjhT;k nwgka jh ijlaxkÅ O;k[;k djkS&¼v½ dkph dwaiG Qwy QG] QwVh lk c.kjk;A

ckM+h Hkjh clar jh] ywVh ywvka vk;AA¼c½ ukUgk&ukUgk QwyM+k] eksVk&eksVk QwyA

dkph dfG;ka jksfl;ka] dh/kh vk ds HkwyAA¼l½ vkt dGk;.k ÅeVh] NksM [kwc gGwlA

lkS lkS dkslka cjllh] djlh dkG fo/kwalAA

143


nqxkZnklnqxkZnklnqxkZnklnqxkZnklnqxkZnkl

MkW- ukjk;.k flag HkkVhMkW- ukjk;.k flag HkkVhMkW- ukjk;.k flag HkkVhMkW- ukjk;.k flag HkkVhMkW- ukjk;.k flag HkkVh

dfo&dfo&dfo&dfo&dfo&ifjpSifjpSifjpSifjpSifjpSvkèkqfud jktLFkkuh dkO; esa egrkÅ jpukoka lwa lkfgR;&lsok dj.k okGk dfo M‚- ukjk;.kflag HkkVh jkS tue tksèkiqj ftyk jS ekywaxk xkao esa 7 vxLr] 1930 uS gq;kSA vkijS firkjkS uke dkuflag HkkVh gksA vkijh vkSipkfjd Hk.kkbZ jh l#vkr ekywaxk xkao lwa gqbZA b.kjSiNS vki pkSikluh Ldwy esa i<îk vkSj vse-vs- vsyvsy-ch- rkabZ jh Hk.kkbZ vsl-vse-ds-dkyst tksèkiqj lwa çkIr djhA b.k Hk.kkbZ jS iNS vki odkykr l: djh] i.k dfo&euodkykr esa dn ykx.k okGkS gkSA oS odkykr NksM nhA tn tksèkiqj jS pkSikluh f'k{k.klaLFkku esa jktLFkkuh lksèk laLFkku jh Fkji.kk gqbZ] rkS vki b.k jk iSyM+k funsld c.;kAvsyvsy-ch- djÓka iNS Hkh vkijkS >qdko rkS lkfgR; vj bfrgkl dkauh gkS] b.k okLrS vkSQjt vki ckSr vkNS <ax lwa fuHkk;kSA b.k laLFkku lwa Hkklk] lkfgR; vj bfrgkl jk ftdkxazFk çdkf'kr gq;k oS lxGk xzaFk vkijh fiaMrkbZ jk ijeka.k gSA twuk xzaFkka jkS bZ vki xSjkSvè;;u djÓkSA jktLFkkuh lksèk laLFkku dkauh lwa Ni.k okGh lksèk if=dk ijEijk* jkS vkilEiknu djÓkSA vkijS lEiknu esa b.k if=dk jk yxSVxS 100 vad NI;kA ijEijk jk lxGkvad U;kjk&U;kjk fol;ka vj U;kjh&U;kjh nhB uS fy;ka jS;k gSA b.kjS lkFkS ^ekjokM+ jkijxuka jh foxr*] egkjktk ekuflag jh [;kr*] r[krflag jh [;kr* xazFk vkijh laiknu&dykjk Bkok nk[kyk dS;k tk; ldSA jktLFkkuh lksèk laLFkku jk funsld jSorka bfr;kl vj lksèkjh lsok djrka Hkh vki&vkijh ewy dfork&èkkjka lwa U;kjk uha gq;kA oS lxGk Qjt fuHkk;k]i.k dfo jh Hkwfedk uS uha Hkwy lD;kA b.kh dkj.kS oS dsbZ dkO;&jpukoka jh jpuk dj lD;kAoS lxGh jpukoka vkijS dkO;&dkSly jh lk[k HkjSA

vkijh [kkl dkO;&iksF;ka b.k Hkkar gS& 1- vksGaw 2- lka> 3- es?knwr ¼vuqokn½ 4-tho.kèku 5- ijeohj 6- nqxkZnkl 7- dGi 8- ehjka 9- cjlka jk fMxksM+k Mwaxj ykaf?k;k 10-feu[k uS le>ko.kkS nksjkS 11- ifr;kjkSA

Hkklk vj lSyh jh nhB lwa dfo ukjk;.k flag HkkVh vkijh uwaoh 'kSyh c.kk;h] ft.kesafMaxG lSyh jkS çokg vj lcnka jkS ojrko ç;ksx [kkl dS;kS tk; ldSA vkijh Hkklk esajktLFkkuh jkS :ikGi.k gSA dfo vkijS Hkkoka uS lkaEgh yko.ka esa vkxr uha djh] lcn [kqnvkxS gks;*j dfo jk Hkkoka uS lkaEgh ykork fprjkae ekaMrk&lk ykxrk jS;k gSA vkèkqfudjktLFkkuh dfork jkS vkS liwr 18 vçsy] 1994 uS vkS yksd NksM ijyksd dkauh x;kS ijkSAvkt dfo rkS uha] i.k m.kjh jpukoka m.kjS O;fäRo vj d`frRo jh lk[k HkjSA

ikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSekjokM+ jS bfrgkl esa ohjoj nqxkZnkl jkS uke fd.kh lwa NkukS uha gSA ekjokM+ jk egkjktktloarflag jk foLoklik= lsod vj egkjktk vthrflag jS tho.k jh fjPNk dj.k okGk b.k

144

nslHkä jkS tho.k ekjokM+ jS [kkrj vji.k jS;kSA b.kjh èkkd lwa bZt vkSjaxtsc jh dqnhB lwaekjokM+ cP;kS jS; lD;kS] i.k ohjoj nqxkZnkl jS lkFkS dha vSM+h ifjfLFkfr;ka vk;xh dS okauSekjokM+ jkS R;kx dj.kkS iM+ÓkSA oS gjesl èkksGS ?kksM+S jk vlokj jS;kA okajk ckxk bZ èkksGk bZtjS;kA okajh dhjr bZ ÅtGh jS;hA ohj nqxkZnkl vkijh ohjrk jh ejtkn uS dnSbZ rksM+h uhaApk;S [kqn fdrjk bZ nq[k ns[;k] i.k ek;M+ Hkkse jh lhao uS vkap uha vko.k nhA nqxkZnkl jSb.kh ÅtG pfj= vj m.kjh ÅtG dhjr&xkFkk jS :i esa vk dfork dfo ukjk;.kflag HkkVhekaMh gSA

nqxkZnklnqxkZnklnqxkZnklnqxkZnklnqxkZnkl

vl jk vlokj ÅtGk]jákS ÅtGS okxkaÅtGh [kkxkaÅtGS eukajkf[k;kS [kr ÅtGkS]i.k vly jaxjst vkljkFksa jafx;kS dlwacy /kjk&iksepkS&fcuka dj jafx;kaAA

Fksa djh vlka;r vkljk!fFkj lka;r Fkkok lk:]Fkkjh ck<+kGh [kGdk;k&jxr&ok*Gk]d#.k vkaf[k;ka <Grk&v#.k&vkalw <kcok lk:AA

Hkk[kjka HkVfd;kS]u vVfd;kS [kkGka&ok*Gka]iyd u fo[kkS ts.k mj [kVfd;kSfujklk ph jksgh esa ÅHkkS tk.k gsdykS&HkkykGS fd.k fnu dj HkVfd;kS\#fd;kS u jksD;kS xt&twFkka]

ck<+rkS fc[kk]vkSjax&lsu&ouka]djksr T;wa dj.kkSr ikj OgsxkSAA

vl p<.kk!gsdykS iz.k ikG p<ÓkS]fy;.k ?k.k ewaxh jru&/kjkAlSyka >d>ksfG;kS vfj;ka lean]<Gh Åejka]vl <fG;k]i.k vl jkS vlokj uag <fG;kSAA

HkqjtkGk!OgS erokGkS es?k ekfy;kS&ukS dwaVh e#/kjk /kjk]vkok u nh/kkS vkap eka&Hkkse uSdhuh NkaoG ykt [ksrka]opu Mwaxjka]f[kafo;kS chp [kkxka&[kG&nGkaAlsoV cjfl;kS cksg tl eksfr;kaAAzz

vc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvl¾?kksM+kSA ÅtGS¾ÅtGkS] /kksGkSA okxka¾ikSlkdA [kkxka¾ryokjA dlwacy¾ykyAck<kGh¾ryokjA v#.k¾ykyA <kcok¾jksd.kSA Hkk[kjka¾igkM+kaA jksgh¾taxGA ÅHkkS¾[kM+ÓkSAfc[kk¾nq[kA xt twFkka¾gkfFk;ka jk >qaMA lSyka¾HkkykaA >d>ksfG;k¾efFk;kA vfj;ka¾nqLe.kkaAlean¾lenjA HkqjtkGk¾nqjx jk #[kkGkA f[kafc;kS¾peD;kSA [kkxka¾ryokjkaA

145


fodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- nqxkZnkl* iksFkh jk jpukdkj gS&

¼v½ dY;k.k flag jktkor ¼c½ ukjk;.k flag HkkVh¼l½ dUgS;kyky lsfB;k ¼n½ lw;ZeYy ehl.k

¼ ½2- ^nqxkZnkl* iksFkh jk ifBr Nanka jkS [kkl jl gS&

¼v½ fl.kxkj jl ¼c½ ohj jl¼l½ ohHkRl jl ¼n½ okRlY; jl

¼ ½3- nqxkZnkl fd.k egkjktk jk foLoklik= gk&

¼v½ ekuflag ¼c½ tloUrflag¼l½ r[krflag ¼n½ fot;flag

¼ ½4- vka eka; lwa fdlh iksFkh ukjk;.kflag HkkVh jh dksuh&

¼v½ nqxkZnkl ¼c½ lka>¼l½ eku[kkS ¼n½ vksGwa

¼ ½

lko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- ^nqxkZnkl* jpuk fd.k dfo jh fljt.kk gS\2- nqxkZnkl fd.kka jk izk.kka jh fjPNk djh gh\3- MkW- ukjk;.k flag HkkVh fd.k laLFkk jk funsld gk\

NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- MkW- ukjk;.k flag HkkVh jh iksfFk;ka jk ukao crkokSA2- MkW- ukjk;.k flag HkkVh jS lEiknu esa Nih lks/k if=dk jkS ukao vj m.kjh folslrkoka crkokSA3- nqxkZnkl jkS ukao bfrgkl esa pkokS D;wa gS\4- ukjk;.k flag HkkVh jkS jktLFkkuh dfork jS ys[k.k esa dkabZ ;ksxnku gS\

ys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- jktLFkkuh lkfgR; vj bfrgkl jk xzaFk&ys[k.k esa MkW- ukjk;.k flag HkkVh jkS dkabZ

;ksxnku gS\2- nqxkZnkl jS pfj= jk xq.k crkokS \

146

3- ekjokM+ jS bfrgkl esa nqxkZnkl jS ;ksxnku uS le>kokSA4- vthrflag jk izk.kka jh fjPNk jS okLrS ohj nqxkZnkl dkabZ dne mBk;kSA5- uhspS fnjhth vksfG;ka jh ijlaxkÅ O;k[;k djkS&¼v½ Fksa djh vlka;r vkljkA

fFkj lka;r Fkkiok lk:]Fkkjh ck<+kGh [kGdk;kjxr&ok*Gk]d#.k vkaf[k;ka <Grk&v#.k&vkalw <kcok lk:AA

¼c½ HkqjtkGk!OgS erokGkS es?k ekfy;kS&ukS dwaVh e#/kjk /kjk]vkok u nh/kh vkap eka&Hkkse uSdhuh NkaoG ykt [ksrka]opu Mwaxjka]f[kafo;kS chp [kkxka&[kG&nGkaAlsoV cjfl;kS cksg tl eksfr;kaAA

147

xhrxhrxhrxhrxhr

lh[kM+yhlh[kM+yhlh[kM+yhlh[kM+yhlh[kM+yh

dkunku ^dfYir*dkunku ^dfYir*dkunku ^dfYir*dkunku ^dfYir*dkunku ^dfYir*

xhrdkj ifjpSxhrdkj ifjpSxhrdkj ifjpSxhrdkj ifjpSxhrdkj ifjpSxhrdkj vj dfo dkunku dfYir* jkS tue ukxkSj ftyS jS >ksjM+k xkao eka; pkj.k tkrjh chBw lk[kk esa fola- 1994 esa gks;kSA okajS firk jkS ukao gfjnkuth chBw gkSA >ksjM+k xkaojh vkijh eksVh folslrk gS dS mBS gfjjke ckck jkS yksdpkokS feanj gSA lkai&liGksfV;ka lwatho ek= jh fjNÓk dj.k jS :i esa vkijk ijpk pkok gSA vkS xkao gfjjke ckck jkS >ksjM+kSxkao jS ukao lwa bZ tk.khtSA dkunku dfYir* nloha rkabZ i<kbZ djh] i.k eka lqjlr jk liwresa dfork jh fudsoGh b/kdkbZ ghA b.k gFkksVh jS ika.k vkijk vys[kwa xhr vj dforkoka vk[kSHkkjr esa BkSM+&BkSM+ jk[khT;k dfo&lEesyuka jS eapka lwa xwathA jktLFkkuh lekt esa vkijSxhrka uS ?k.kk nk; djhtSA vkijS xhrka uS lq.krka lq.kf.k;k /kkiS dksuhA xhrka jh xks[k lwaP;k:a dkauh jkS okrkoj.k ljl i.k y[kkorkSA izØfr esa dnSbZ yM+kywac fcj[kk jkS oj.kkorkS dBSbZ Qkx.k jh jaxr gksoSA FkksFkh jktuhfr lwa eku[kS uS galkoS rkS nslizse jS Hkkoka lwafgjnkS lhapSA Hkkar&Hkkar lwa eku[kS uS txkoS rkS d.kSbZ fl.kxkj jk lkt ltkoS i.k^lh[kM+yh* xhr mxsjS rkS ckbZlk jk uS.k bZ uha lq.k.k okGka jk uS.k bZ Mc&Mc Hkjht tkoSAvkijh jpukoka jkS vlj ikBdka jS fg;S esa v[kh jSo.k okGkS gSA xhrka jk ikj[kh b.k dfo jhNI;ksM+h iksF;ka esa gfjyhyk ve`r ¼[kaMdkO;½ esa gfjjke ckcS jS tho.k&pfj= jkS oj.ku gSAnwth iksFkh ^e#/kj Egkjks nsl* esa ekVh jkS gsr fg;S jeX;kSA dsbZ fol;ka esa dfo nslizse]HkkbZikS] laLØfr] ijEijkoka jS vksGkoS vkijk Hkko izxV djS rkS izØfr izse jh uwaoh vjfl.kxk: jpukoka esa laosnuk ijxVh gSA ijaijkÅ dfork jh vksG esa vki dsbZ yksdxhrka jS<kGS jk xhr fy[;kA oS yksdxhrka jh ijEijk uS thaorh jk[k.k okGk fljt.kgkj gkA

ikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSikB&ifjpSvkijk pkok xhrka esa vsd xhr lh[kM+yh* gSA lh[k jkS vjFk fonkbZ* gksoSA lh[k nso.k jkSvjFk lkljS tkorh ckbZ uS eka dkGtk lwa yxk; vcksyh bZ lSax fl[kk; nsoS dS vcS okS bZtFkkjkS lkpkS ?kj gSA yksdykt] eku&lEeku] vi.kk;r jh lh[k Hkh nsoSA yksd&oSokj esa bZdS;htS gS& csVh ns[kS cki jS] djS vkijS*A firk jS ?kjS feY;ksM+S laLdkjka uS BsB rkabZ vkijktho.k esa fuHkkoS] vk bZt lh[k gSA csVh uS ij.kk; tn lkljS lh[k fnjhtS rn csVh jS euesa ekbZrka lwa fcNM+.k jh ftdh ihM+ gksoS] vkijh lkbZuh lkFkf.k;ka lwa U;kjh gksorh ok fdÙkhdqjGkoS] b.kjkS ejeijlh oj.ku dfo b.k xhr esa djÓkS gSA dfo csVh uS fpM+dyh]ykMyM+h] rhrjia[kh] lwoVM+h tSM+h vksiekoka nh gSA vS csVh jk folsl.k gSA ek;M+ jS dkGtSjh dksj] ft.kuS ykMka&dksMk ikGh] eksVh djh] uS.kka jh iqrGh vj eksr;ka lwa ewa?kh dj jk[khm.kuS vkt ijk;S ?kj lh[k nso.kh eka uS [kkjh ykxS rkS /kho jS fg;S twuh ;knka jkS ehBkS tSj

148

?kqGSA eka tk.kS eksR;ka chpkGS jh yky iYyS ca/;ksM+h vkt [kqy*j gsBh iM+xh] xexhA eerkjkS vFkkx leanj fgyksGk p<xkSA vkijh ykMyh uS dkBh ckFkka esa Hkjyh i.k lh[k nso.kh lksnso.kh] D;wadS csVh ijk;kS /ku ekuhtSA ijk;S ?kj jh cLrh dghtSA dkGtk ekFkS HkkVkS esy*jekbZr m.kuS vkax.kS jh lh[k nsoS] vk bt jhr gSA lh[k jh cxr HkkbZ&HkkstkbZ vj dkdkslk&ckckslk] lxGk vki&vkijk usxpkj djÓkA lkFkf.k;ka jkS >wyjkS rkS ckbZlk jS lkFkS&lkFkSpkyS] vkalwoka jk jsyk lwa okajkS Mhy HkhtX;kS tk.kS esg jh >M+h ykxh gksoSA fg;kS Vwd&Vwdgks;X;kS vj vkf[kj ckbZ uS gksGS&gksGS cghj gkso.kkS bZ ifM+;kSA ijcl gkjÓksM+h dk;j fgj.kh*T;wa ikNh eqM+&eqM+ ns[kS Qsj vka[;ka ekFkS gkFk esy fn;kA vkS fcNM+.kkS m.kuS ?k.kkS nks*jkSykxkSA jksorka&jksorka fl.kxkj jkS dktG xGX;kSA ^lh[k* vsd xhr gSA m.k xhr esa xhrmxsjhT;kS& eksfj;ks vs ek;] Egkjh dks;y ckbZ fl/k pkyh*A csVh jkS lkljS okLrS fonk gkso.kkSekbZrka jS eu esa ftÙkkS lq[k txkoS mrjkS bZ nq[k mitkoSA vsdS dkauh oS dU;knku djfj.keqxr gksoS] ftEesnkjh fuHkkoS] ijEijk uS iks[kS rkS csVh jh fonkbZ lwa ?kj&vkax.kkS vj ekajkS dkGtkS lwukS gks; tkoSA vkijS Vkcji.kS jkS ykM] :B.kkS] euko.kkS] <wY;ka jkS je.kkS]lxGkS ykjS NksM lkljS esa uwaok ifjosl esa tk; cl.kkSA csVh jS okLrS m.kjkS tho.k vsdpqukSrh lwa de dksuhA lklfj;kS ?k.kkS nks*jkS ykxS i.k mBS bZ m.kjh ejtkn gSA uS.kka esackGi.kS jk lqiuka fy;ka csVh vkalwM+k <Gdkrh lkljS tkoSA i.k ihgfj;S jh ;knka m.kjS fgoM+SjS vsd [kw.kS esa lnSo thorh jSoSA lh[kM+yh* ekuoh eu esa laosnuk txko.k okGkS xhr gS&

lh[kM+yhlh[kM+yhlh[kM+yhlh[kM+yhlh[kM+yh

Mc Mc Hkfj;k] ckbZlk jk uS.kfpM+dyh jk uS.k] ykMyM+h jk uS.krhrjia[kh jk uS.k] lwoVM+h jk uS.k

nks*jkS ?k.kkS lklfj;kSA

ekoM+ tk.k dGstS jh dksj] Qwy ekFkS ika[;ka èkjhekFkS dj&dj iydka jh Nka;] ikG&iksl eksVh djhjk[kh uS.kka jh iqrGh tk.k] eksrhM+ka lwa egaxh djh

dj&dj vk?k] yMkbZ ?k.k ykM]Hkjhth eu xk<]

tho.k ehBkS tgj fi;kSnks*jkS ?k.kkS lklfj;kSA

Mwch lksp leanM+S jS chp] rjaxka esa mG> ijhtk.kS eksR;ka fcpyh yky] iYyS caèkh [kqy ijhHkfj;kS uS.kka eerk&uhj] ykMyM+h uS xksn Hkjh

149

tkxh&tkxh dkGtS jh ihM+]fg;S lwa yhoh HkhM+]

xjG&xG fgoM+kS HkjÓkSnks*jkS ?k.kkS lklfj;kSA

HkkHkhlk dk< dktfG;S jh js[k] laokjh fgaxGw ekaxM+yhchjkslk yk;k lnk lqjaxkS csl] vks<kbZ cksjax pwanM+yhckckslk QsjÓkS ekFkS ij gkFk fnjkbZ ckbZ uS lh[kM+yh

ÅHkkS&ÅHkkS lkFkf.k;ka jkS lkFk]vkalwM+ka HkhT;kS gS xkr]uS.kka >M+ vkslfj;kS]nks*jkS ?k.kkS lklfj;kSA

djrh dG>G fgoM+S jk Vwd] dwadwa ixY;k vkxS èkjÓkdk;j fgj.kh&lh eqM+&eqM+ ns[k] vka[;ka ekFkS gkFk èkjÓkeq[kM+kS eqj÷;kS fcNM+arka vkt] jks&jks uS.k jkrk djÓk

pkan&eq[kM+S mnklh jh js[k]MqlD;ka Hkjrh ns[k]lgsY;ka xk;kS eksfj;kS]nks*jkS ?k.kkS lklfj;kSA

jFkM+S p<rksM+h ikNy Qksj] lgsY;ka uS >kykS fn;kSdwadwa&NkbZ cktj gfj;S [ksr] tk.kS ft;ka >ksykS fc;kSNGD;k uS.k ?kwa?kfV;S jh vksV] dkGtkS dk< fy;kS

dkGh&dkGh dktfG;S jh js[k]exlh iMx+h ns[k]

uS.kka lwa <GD;kS dktfG;kS]nks*jkS ?k.kkS lklfj;kSA

eu.k&:B.k jk vk.kan mNko] fg;S jS ijnS eaMrk fx;klkjk ckGi.kS jk fprjke] uS.kka vkxS <Grk fx;kfcy[kh ekoM+ uS eqM+rh ns[k] fodG uS.k >jrk fx;k

djrh ful&fnu gal&fdyksG]ckckslk&?kj jh iksG]

<wY;ka jkS je.kkS NwV fx;kS]nks*jkS ?k.kkS lklfj;kSA

150

ykxh ckGi.kS jh çhr] tkrksM+h ftoM+kS nks*jkS fd;kSjsle jklka uS nh Q.kdkj] lkxM+h uS jFkM+kS [kM+ÓkSèkjrh&vacj js[kk jS chp] lksou lwjt Mwc fx;kS

nh[;k&nh[;k lklfj;S jk :a[k]jsrM+yh jk Vwad]

lkS dkslka jgX;kS ihofj;kS]nks*jkS ?k.kkS lklfj;kSA

Mc Mc Hkfj;k] ckbZlk jk uS.kfpM+dyh jk uS.k] ykMyM+h jk uS.krhrjia[kh jk uS.k] lwoVM+h jk uS.k

nks*jkS ?k.kkS lklfj;kSA

zz

vc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkvc[kk lcnka jk vjFkuS.k¾vka[;kaA ekoM+¾ekaA vk?k¾igy] vxok.khA fg;kS¾fgjnkS] dkGtkSA cksjax¾jax&fcjaxhAxkr¾ljhjA dk;j¾MjiksdA jkrk¾ykyA exlh¾QhdhA iksG&eksVkS njoktkS] eq[; }kj]ekSM+kSA <qY;ka¾xqfM;k] diM+S jh xqìhA lkxM+h¾lkjFkhA


fodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- gfjjke ckcS jkS yksdpkokS feanj gS&

¼v½ fcjdkGh ¼c½ >ksjM+k¼l½ tks/kiqj ¼n½ lenM+h

¼ ½2- ^gfjyhyk ve`r* dkO; jkS dq.klkS :i gS\

¼v½ egkdkO; ¼c½ [kaMdkO;¼l½ pEiwdkO; ¼n½ x|dkO;

¼ ½3- dkunku dfYir jh pkoh iksFkh gS&

¼v½ e#/kj EgkjkS nsl ¼c½ cknGh¼l½ yhyVkal ¼n½ jk/kk

¼ ½

151

4- dkunku dfYir* vksG[khtS&¼v½ xhrka lwa ¼c½ dgk.;ka lwa¼l½ fucU/kka lwa ¼n½ ukVdka lwa

¼ ½lko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- dkunku ^dfYir* jkS tye dBS gks;kS\2- dfo dkunku jS firk jkS ukao dkabZ gkS\3- dfo dkunku jh nks iksF;ka jkS ukao fy[kkSA4- gfjjke ckck fd.klwa thoka jh fjNÓk djSA5- dfo jkS xkao fd.k dkj.k lwa pkokS gS\

NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- ^lh[kM+yh* xhr esa csVh okLrS dkabZ&dkabZ lcn dke esa fyjhT;k gSA2- ^lh[kM+yh* xhr esa HkkbZ&Hkkot dkabZ dj lh[k nsoSA3- ekoM+ jS okLrS csVh dkabZ gS\ xhr lwa VkGoha vksiekoka fy[kkSA4- lh[k jh VSe lkFkf.k;ka jh dkabZ nlk OgS\

ys[k:i ys[k:i ys[k:i ys[k:i ys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyiM+wÙkj okGk lokyiM+wÙkj okGk lokyiM+wÙkj okGk lokyiM+wÙkj okGk loky1- ^lh[kM+yh* esa fonk gksorh csVh jS eu jh ihM+ jkS Hkko vkijS lcnka esa fy[kkSA2- ^lh[kM+yh* xhr jkS lkj vkijS lcnka esa fy[kkSA3- ^^lh[kM+yh esa fotksx jh ihM+ lwa ikBdka vj lzksrkoka jS uS.kka uhj vk;ka fcuk uha jSoSA**

b.k dFku jkS [kqyklkS djkSA4- uhspS fnjhth vksfG;ka jh ijlaxkÅ O;k[;k djkS&¼v½ Mwch lksp leanM+S jS chp] rjaxka esa mG> ijh

tk.kS eksR;ka fcpyh yky] iYyS caèkh [kqy ijhHkfj;kS uS.kka eerk&uhj] ykMyM+h uS xksn Hkjh

¼c½ djrh dG>G fgoM+S jk Vwd] dwadwa ixY;k vkxS èkjÓkdk;j fgj.kh&lh eqM+&eqM+ ns[k] vka[;ka ekFkS gkFk èkjÓkeq[kM+kS eqj÷;kS fcNM+arka vkt] jks&jks uS.k jkrk djÓk

152

jktLFkkuh Hkklk tqxka twuhA cjlka yxvk yksdHkklk jS;hA yksd jS varl jh ihM+]gj[k] meko vj gwal jh b.k Hkklk esa yksdjh lxGh Hkkoukoka uS mdsj.k okGk lkfgR;jkS fljt.k gks;kSA vkS fljt.k lkfgR; jhlxGh fo/kkoka esa gks;kSA m.kesa yksdxhrmÙkk bZt twuk gS] ftÙkkS dS feu[kA vSyksdxhr jktLFkkuh tuekul jS fgjnS jklkpk mn~xkj gS( thork tkxrk fp=ke gSAvS yksd jh jpuk gSA vkajh c.kxV jk truyksd dnSbZ uha djÓkA vS rks erSbZ mit.kokGk vj lko fu[kksV vj ekSfyd gSA b.kokLrS bZt yksdxhrka jkS dksbZ vsd l:i uha]dksbZ Nan&fo/kku uha gksoSA jktLFkkuhyksdxhrka esa m.kjS ewG :i uS NkaV.kkS ?k.kkSvc[kkS dkeA vk[kh thoktw.k vj yksdekulesa je.k okGk vka xhrka jkS ewG l:i cxrvj BkSM+ jS lkFkS cnGrkS jSoSA jktLFkkuh esavk dSor gS dS ^ckjS dkslka cksyh cnGSA*cksyh jS Qjd lkFkS vka yksdxhrka jS l:iesa lxGh txS FkksM+kS&?k.kkS vkarjkS vk;kafcuka uha jSoSA vS rkS vi.kS vki esalgt&lqrarj] ijaijkxr vj fur&uwaoka gSAxs;rk vkajkS [kkl xq.k gSA lekt jS gjrcdS uS ys;uS yksdxhrka jh jpuk gks;h gSAtho.k jkS dksbZ igyw vka xhrka lwa vNwrkS]v.knhBkS dksuhA ?kVrh&c/krh fNa;ka vj rkoM+SjS m.kekau bZ eku[kS jk tho.k esa lq[k&nq%[kvkork&tkork jSoSA lq[k] gj[k] dksM] mNkojh ?kfM+;ka esa okS ftdkS eSlwl djS] vkavuqHkwfr;ka jh vfHkO;fDr bZ yksdxhrka jStye jkS dkj.k c.kSA

ewG :i lwa yksdxhrka jk nks; Hksn gS&1- /kkjfed yksdxhr] 2- euksjatukRedyksdxhrA /kkjfed yksdxhrka esa nsoh&nsorkokajk xhr] cjr&cMksfG;ka jk xhr] laLdkjka jk

yksdxhryksdxhryksdxhryksdxhryksdxhr

cèkkokScèkkokScèkkokScèkkokScèkkokS

xhr vkoSA tndS euksjatukRed xhrka jhvksGh esa yqxk;ka] eksVÓkjka vj Vkcjka jSljl izlaxka jk xhr] [ksy&reklka jk xhr]rht&fraokjka jk xhr] U;kjh&U;kjh fjrqokaekFkS xkbZt.k okGk xhr vkoSA

jktLFkkuh laLÑfr :ih :a[kM+S jh tM+kaèkje lwa lhaP;ksM+h gSA èkje eku[kS esa laLdkjykoSA èkkjfed yksdxhrka jh vBS b/kdh BkSM+AvkijS dqG jk nsoh&nsorkoka jh NÙkj&fNa;kaesa d³wackS] ?kj&xokM+h QGrh&Qwyrh jSoS]b.k okLrS feu[k okauS è;koS( eukoS vj vjnkldjSA nsoh&nsorkoka jk xhrka uS Hktu] gjtldSoSA dsbZ Hktu vj gjtl feu[k vkijkStye lqèkkj.k [kkrj xkoS rkS dsbZ vc[khiqG esa Hktuka jS tksj lwa xSjh&xaxSj esa lwrknsoka uS txkoS vj eupk;kS oj ikoSA ikSjkf.kdnsoh&nsorkoka jk Hktuka jS lkFkS yksdnsfo;ka&dj.kh ekrk] th.k ekrk] pkSFk ekrk] lqlk.khekrk vj yksdnsorkoka esa jkensoth] ikcwth]xksxkth] rstkth vkn jk xhr xkao&xkao vj<k.kh&<k.kh esa xwatSA b.k Hkkar jk xhr HktueaMfG;ka lkaoBS lqj esa xkoS vj lkFkS yksdok|kaesa uxkM+k] eathjk] bdrkjk vj jko.k&gRFkkjh èkqu gksoS rkS Hktuka esa lok;kS jl vk;tkoSA

jktLFkku rht&fraokjka jkS çnslArht&fraokjka jS lkFkS tqM+ÓksM+k gS yqxk;ka jkcjr&cMksfG;k vj vakjS lkxS gS yksdfoLoklAlko.k jh rht gksokS vj Hkyka bZ HkknoS jhdktGh rht] ghaMkS ghaMrh xksfj;ka xhr xkoSvj xhrka jS xM+dS ijnslka x;ksM+S iho uS ?kjSvko.k jh euokj djSA rht ekrk jkS vokldjS vj vej&lokx jh vjnkl djSA psrekl esa fx.kxkSj iwtrh daokjh dU;koka pks[kkS?kj vj oj ekaxS rkS lokx.k ukj vej pqM+ySjh vkl fy;ka xhr xkoS] xkSj ekrk uS eukoSA

153

b.kh Hkkar gksGh vj nhokGh jk xhrxkbZtSA gjsd eghuS esa vko.k okGk NksVk&cMkfraokjka uS xhrka jh xks[k lwa ykMka&dksMkaeuko.k jh jhr gSA gksGh jk fnuka esalk;uh&lkFkf.k;ka ywjka ysorh ehBk vksGcklq.kkoS vj el[kfj;ka pkyS] Qkx.k xkbZtSAeksVÓkj pax vj MQ jS lkFkS èkeky jkx esaQkx xhr xkoS vj dha fnuka [kkrj [kqn uSbZ fclj tkoSA oS vkijS eu jkS pko xhrka jSvksGkoS iwjkS djSA

nhokGh jk fnuka esa Vkcj erhjka esauSuh&uSuh tkfG;ka c.kkoSA m.kjS Åij <scjhdkV*j eka; ^nhokS* esy*j jkr esa xhr xkoSvj ?kj&?kj vkS lanslkS nsoS dS ^nhokGh jknhok nhBk] dkpj cksj erhjk ehBkA* nhoksdBSbZ ^cMkS* uha gks; tkoS ¼cq>S uha½] b.kokLrS feu[kka esa vkS foLokl txkoS dS ?kkykSrsy] cèkS Fkkajh csyA*

tho.k esa laLdkjka jkS ?k.kkS eksy] tho.kjk lksGk laLdkj ekuhtSA tye lwa ys;*jlkS cjl iwxS ftÙkS feu[k vka laLdkjka jSxsyS&xsyS pkySA laLdkjka lwa tqM+ÓksM+k gSyksdxhrA ?kj esa Vkcj jkS tye gksoS rkStPpk jk xhr] lwjt iwtk jk xhr vj tGokiwt.k jk xhr xkbZtSA b.k ekSdS lklw] cÅ]u.kn&HkkStkbZ] nsjk.kh&tsBk.kh jk xhr bZxkbZtS] ft.kesa tho.k jk [kkjk&[kkVk vjehBk vuqHko gksoSA iSyh gksGh vkoS tn Vkcjjh <wa< djS] m.kjk xhr] tye dslka uS cMkdjS rkS >³wyS jk xhr xkbZtSA tusÅ /kkj.kdjkorh cxr m.kjk xhr xkbZtS rkS C;ko jSekSdS fouk;d] ek;jks] oanksGh] dke.k] dGl]ihBh] rsy] gGnh] rksj.k] Qsjk] dqaoj&dysokS]tqvk&tqbZ] lh[k jk xhr xko.k jh jhr gSAC;ko jk xhrka uS ^cUuk* dSoS ft.kesa vkijSifjokj okGka jk ukao ys;*j dkdkslk] Hkkckslk]nknkslk bR;kn jk lacks/ku xhr xkbZtSA b.k

ekSdS Hkxoku uS ifr :i esa iko.k jh dkeukdjrh ^cUuh* tka.kS Hkxoku tSM+ks oj feySAb.k okLrS ok dkabZ ekaxS&EgSa rks ekaxwa v;ksè;k jks jkt] ihgj Egkjks tudiqjhAEgSa rks oj ekaxwa Hkxoku] NksVks nsoj fyNe.kthAA

tho.k jh lxGh voLFkkoka esa Vkcji.kksvkijh U;kjh BkSM+ jk[kSA Vkcjka jk xhrka esaesokM+ jkS ^gj.kh* xhr] ft.kuS Vkcfj;kjerk&jerk xkoS&gj.kh gj.kh Fkwa D;wa nwcGh vs]pky EgkjS nsl ! jkrk xamoka dh ?kw?kjh vs]

uwaoh frYyh dks rsy---Atho.k gjesl jaxhykS uha gksoSA lq[kka jS

lkFkS nq%[k bZ tqM+ÓksM+k gSA vBS jk xkaoka vj<kf.k;ka esa jSo.k okGk feu[kka jkS tho.k?k.kkS vc[kkS vj nks*jkSA fl;kGS jh BaMh jkresa ika.kr djrk djlk vj ykach tkrjkdjrk drkfj;k vka yksdxhrka lwa vkijS cxruS ljl c.kkoSA euksjatukRed xhrka jhvksGh esa bZ fpjeh] fgpdh] b±Mk.kh] thjkS vjdsbZ vksGwa tSM+k fl.kxk: xhr bZ xkbZtSAilq&ia[ks:oka lkFkS feu[kka jkS ?k.kkS twukSlacaèk jS;kS gSA vka ia[ks:oka jS fel vkijSiho uS lanslkS] rkS dnSbZ ehBk vksGck nsorhxksjM+Óka xhrka esa vkijh ihM+ mdsjSA dqjtka]lwoVkS] dkxfy;kS] eksfj;kS tSM+k xhrka esa vSiaNhM+k bZ fojgf.k;ka jk lkapk ehr cf.k;k gSrkS dnSbZ lanslokgd jkS dke lkjÓkS gSA

izÑfr uS eku[kkS dhdj Hkwy ldS\ cjlesa vko.k okGh fjrqoka jkS oj.kko yksdxhrkaesa gks;kS gS rkS pkSeklS jkS pkSx.kkS pko xhrkaesa tcjkS jkpSA fcj[kk ekFkS bZ eku[kS jkSlxGkS nkjksenkj gSA fcj[kk ÅeVS] esg owBSrkS cjl lks*jkS fudGSA pkSeklS esa [ksrka jhixMkaMÓka pkyrk gkGh&ckGnh pkSeklS jkxhr xkoS] banj jktk uS eukoS vj fcj[kk jkykM&dksM djSA yksdxhrka jkS oj.kko dBS

154

uha gks;kS\ ckr djka ftÙkh bZ FkksM+hA tho.kjh dBksjrk vka xhrka esa gS rkS ehBkl jkS bZikj dksuhA vka xhrka esa okS njn gS] ok ihM+gS dS iklk.k fge T;wa xG tkoS] okS bejr gSdS HkykabZ vsd iy okLrS bZ lgh] i.k!eku[kkS tho tkoS] xhrka jh ljlrk esa Mwc*j[kqn uS bZ Hkwy tkoSA Vkcjka uS fpxGk;*jghaMS esa lqokM+.k jkS tknw vka xhrka esa gS rkSlwrksM+ka uS txko.k jkS tksj bZ vka xhrka esayk/kSA

yksdxhrka esa lekt jk jhr&ikar]ijaijkoka] yksdfoLokl vj m.kjh HkkoukokatqM+ÓksM+h gSA vka esa fd.kh vsd feu[k jkSuha] leqnk; jkS uha] vk[kS lekt jkS lqj gSAfd.kh lekt jh laLÑfr vj ifjosl uStk.k.k okLrS mBS jk yksdxhrka lwa c/k*jnwtkS lk/ku dksuhaA yksd&lkfgR; fo/kkoka jkSvFkkx lenj gS rkS yksdxhr m.klwa fudG.kokGk veksyd jruA

jktLFkkuh laLÑfr jh fNc vj vk[kStho.k jh ljlrk jk njl.k tBS djhtS]m.k eka;yh vsd dM+h gS& ^c/kkoka* jhAcèkkokS& gj[k&meko] ykM&dksM jkS NkSGkapf<;ks lenjA c/kkokS& tho.k jh oka ?kfM+;kajh lq[kn vfHkO;fDr] tBS ?kj&fxjLFkh jklxGk lq[k lSa/k:i gks; tkoSA ?kj esa csVkjkS tye gksoS] pk;S csVk&csVh jkS C;ko dSiNS uwaoS ?kj esa jSokl jkS ekSgjr gksoS] vkavS<ka ekFkS jkx&jax] mPNc vj jl jh fcj[kkgksoS rkS fg;s esa gj[k vj jkthiS jkS ikj uhajSoSA vka lqHk voljka ekFkS c/kkokS* xhr xkbZtSA

jktLFkku jk e/;dkyhu lkearh lektesa tq) MkoS gkFk jkS [ksy gkSA /kjrh] /kjevj ejtkn jk[k.k okLrS] rkS dnSbZ cnGS jhHkkouk lwa] jkt jh lhekoka c/kko.k lk: rkSdnSbZ opu&ikG.k] LokfeHkfDr jS dkj.kHkkar&Hkkar jk tq) vBS yM+htrk jS;kA vkatq)ka esa jktk] lkear] ljnkj] ohj&lSfud]vksgnSnkj] ea=h vj lsuk uS jkl.k iwxko.k

jh [kSpy okLrS O;kSikfj;ka bR;kn uS dsbZ&dsbZeghuka ?kj lwa vGxkS jSo.kkS iM+rkS] tBSvko&tko ?k.kkS nks*jkS] fpëh&irjh jkS bZdke dksuhaA m.k cxr ?kjka esa jSof.k;k gkrkS Qxr cw<k] csekj] Vkcj vj èk.kh jS ?kjSvko.k jh vkl esa daoGS ÅHkh mMhdrh] dkxmMkorh] lwukS ekjx HkkGrh vj >qjrh okaohj&tks/kkjka jh fojgf.k;kaA oS fotksx jh oka?kfM+;ka uS fcyeko.k jh vSGh [kSpy djrhAvkijh dqG&ejtkn jh fyNe.k js[kk esacaè;ksM+h lhyoarh& lroarh dqG&cÅoka jhvSM+h nlk esa tn fd.kh jkS izoklh fiz;revpk.kpd ?kjS vk; iwxkS rkS esM+h jk xks[kM+klwa izk.k&fi;k uS fuj[krh ok fotksx.k] ljclokx.k c.k vkijk Hkkx ljkoS vj lq[k jh?kM+h* esa m.kjkS eu xko.k ykxSA vkS c/kkokS*xhr L;kr m.kjS fg;S jh m.k cxr jh mdsyghA xhr jk Hkko b.k Hkkar gS& vkt vkax.kSesa tk.kS lksGS lwjt vsd.k lkFkS ÅxX;kgksoSA b.k lq[k jkS oj.kko ok fda;ka djS \yacS foNksg iNS la;ksx jkS lq[k lcnka uhadFkhtSA m.k lq[k uS Hkksx.k okGkS] m.kfLFkfr uS >sy.k okGkS bZ tk.k ldSA xwaxS jkxqG* tSM+h lq[k jh ?kfM+;ka esa ukf;dk FkksM+hrkG okLrS ukjh lqyHk ykt] laLdkj]?kj&ifjokj okGka jS ladS vj ejtkn uStk.kS Hkwy tkoS] eu jk dksey Hkko b.k Hkkarxhr jkS :i ys; ysoSA ok vkijS ifr jkikS#l] ohjrk vj nji lwa nhirh vka[;ka jhcMkbZ ^>h.kh dslj* lwa djSA vSM+h vuwBhmiek dBSbZ uha yk/kSA rh[kk mf.k;kjk ekFkSvksirk ukd okLrS dSoS dS oSekrk tk.kSfudeh cSB*j ¼Qqjlr] usBko lwa½ ?kM+h gSAvkS yksdizpfyr vks[kk.kkS gSA b.kuS ijksV.klwa ukd okLrS nwth vksiekoka jh njdkj bZeSlwl uha gksoS vj m.kjkS QwBjkikS vkiS bZizxV gks; tkoSA vSM+k ?k.kk :ikGk fiz;reuS fuj[k.k jkS yksHk gS i.k ! f[k.k vsd iNSL;kr m.kuS lks>h vk tkoS& dqG ejtkn

155

vj cMsjka lkaEgh vsdVd] [kjh ehV fn;kam.k :i&:M+k uS fd;ka ns[kS \ >h.kS ?kwa?kVSjh vksV esa bZt m.kjS dkuka jk xteksrh dkabZb/kdk ykxS tk.kS egyka esa nhirh fnoyS jhtksrA* uk;d jh dej esa ca/kh dVkjh ohjksfpÙkLoHkko jkS izrhd gS rkS usot ¼izlkn] Hkksx½lwa HkjÓksM+h FkkGh tSM+h m.kjh gFkkfG;kavL=&lL=ka uS pyko.k esa m.kjh f[kerknjlkoSA b.k NksVS*d xhr esa uk;d jS :ivj xq.kka jh dSM+h*d ejeijlh vj lthovfHkO;fDr gks;h gSA b.kjh Hkklk lgt] ljyvj izlkn xq.k okGh gSA lxGk lcn lgtgh le>.k tksx gSA b.k yksdxhr esa ukf;dk

vkijS èk.kh okLrS dsbZ lacks/ku lcnka uS dkefy;k gS T;wadS u.kny ckbZ jk ohjk*] lqx.khlklw jk tk;k*] daoj ckbZ jk ohjk* bR;knAjktLFkkuh laLdkjka eqtc yqxkbZ vkijS èk.khjkS ukao uha ysoS vj nwtk lacks/kuka lwa m.kuScqykoSA ifjokj esa vkiljh jk ehBk laca/kka uSbZ vS lacks/ku mtkxj djSA lqx.kh lklw jktk;k* lwa vjFk gS dS vkNk xq.kka vj ÅtGklaLdkjka okGh eka jS tSM+kS m.kjkS csVkS bZxq.kka jks xkMkS gS] D;wadS ^:a[kka tSM+k NksMkgksoSA* lklw jh cMkbZ lwa [kqn jS èk.kh jhcMkbZ dj.k esa fdÙkh okd~ prqjkbZ gSA ewG^c/kkokS* xhr b.k Hkkar gS&

c/kkokSc/kkokSc/kkokSc/kkokSc/kkokS

ekFkS jkS nqekykS dksbZ Qwyka ds jkS Hkkjks th]u.kny ckbZ jk vks ohjk FkkauS lq[k jh th ?kM+hAdaoj ckbZ jk vks ohjk FkkauS lq[k jh th ?kM+hA

dkuka jk xteksrh] vkMS ?kwa?kV tksrh th]lklw lqx.kh jk tk;k FkkauS lq[k jh th ?kM+hA

vka[kM+Y;ka jkS ik.kh] dksbZ >h.kh dslj Nk.kh th]daoj ckbZ jk vks ohjk FkkauS lq[k jh th ?kM+hA

ukdM+yS jh MkaMh dksbZ fudeh cSB*j ekaMhth]u.kny ckbZ jk vks ohjk FkkauS lq[k jh th ?kM+hA

gkFkka jh gFksGh dksbZ usot jh cM+ FkkGh th]lklw lqx.kh jk tk;k FkkauS lq[k jh th ?kM+hA

vkaxf.k;S esa ÅHkk dksbZ lksGg lwjt ÅX;k th]u.kny ckbZ jk vks ohjk FkkauS lq[k jh th ?kM+hA

lq[k jh ?kM+h L;wa xksjh jkS eu jkth th]daoj ckbZ jk vks ohjk FkkauS lq[k jh th ?kM+hA

zz

156

vc[kka lcnka jk vjFkvc[kka lcnka jk vjFkvc[kka lcnka jk vjFkvc[kka lcnka jk vjFkvc[kka lcnka jk vjFknqekykS¾lkQkS] ik?kM+hA lqx.kh¾xq.kka okGhA chjk¾HkkbZA ÅHkk¾[kM+ÓkA usot¾izlkn] HkksxA


fodGikÅ i³wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ i³wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ i³wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ i³wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ i³wÙkj okGk loky1- jktLFkkuh cjlka yx dSM+h Hkklk jS;h&

¼v½ fMaxG Hkklk ¼c½ yksdHkklk¼l½ fiaxG Hkklk ¼n½ xqtjkrh Hkklk

¼ ½2- yksdxhr mÙkk bZt twuk gS] ftÙkkS dS twukS gS&

¼v½ egkdkO; ¼c½ osn¼l½ feu[k ¼n½ jktLFkkuh&dkO;

¼ ½3- yksdxhrka jkS ewG l:i feG.kkS ?k.kkS nks*jkS gS] D;wadS&

¼v½ vS yksd jh jpuk gS vj ckjS dkslka cksyh cnGS¼c½ xs;rk vkajkS [kkl xq.k gkso.k jS dkj.k¼l½ ijaijkÅ gkso.k jS dkj.k¼n½ vka eka; lwa vsd bZ uha

¼ ½4- ckGi.kS esa [ksy jS lkFkS xkbZt.k okGkS xhr gS&

¼v½ esokM+ jkS ^gj.kh* xhr ¼c½ ekjokM+ jkS ^tYyks* xhr¼l½ xksMokM+ jkS ^fpjeh* xhr ¼n½ esokM+ jkS ^>qj.kh* xhr

¼ ½lko NksVk i³wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk i³wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk i³wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk i³wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk i³wÙkj okGk loky1- yksdxhr jh lclwa eksVh folslrk dkabZ gS\2- yksdxhr fd.kjS fg;S jk mn~xkj gS\3- C;ko esa xkbZt.k okGk xhrka uS dkabZ dSoS\4- x.kxkSj fd.k ekl esa vkoS] yqxk;ka b.k fnu dkabZ djS\5- ia[ks:oka lwa lacaf/kr nks yksdxhrka jk ukao fy[kkSA

NksVk i³wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk i³wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk i³wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk i³wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk i³wÙkj okGk loky1- yksdxhrka esa dkabZ&dkabZ oj.ku gks;kS gS\2- gkGh&ckGnh vj drkfj;k xhr D;wa xkoS\3- yksdxhrka esa dkabZ tksj gS\4- vk[kS tho.k jh ljlrk jk njl.k fd.k esa gksoS] m.kjh vsd dM+h dkabZ gS\5- euksjatukRed xhrka jh vksGh esa vko.k okGk pkj xhrka jk ukao fy[kkSA

157

ys[k:i i³wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i i³wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i i³wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i i³wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i i³wÙkj okGk loky1- yksdxhrka esa lkaoBh laLØfr jk njl.k gksoSA b.k ckr jkS [kqyklkS djkSA2- yksdxhr c/kkok* jkS Hkko vkijS lcnka esa fy[kkSA3- uhspS fnjhth vksfG;ka jh ijlaxkÅ O;k[;k djkS&¼v½ ekFkS jkS nqekykS dksbZ Qwyka ds jkS Hkkjks th]

u.kny ckbZ jk vks ohjk FkkauS lq[k jh th ?kM+hA¼c½ vka[kM+Y;ka jkS ik.kh] dksbZ >h.kh dslj Nk.kh th]

daoj ckbZ jk vks ohjk FkkauS lq[k jh th ?kM+hA¼l½ gkFkka jh gFksGh dksbZ usot jh cM+ FkkGh th]

lklw lqx.kh jk tk;k FkkauS lq[k jh th ?kM+hA

158

nsl vj lekt jh lkaph lk[k HkjS mBS jkSlkfgR;A lkfgR; lekt jh vkjlh gksoSAlekt esa ?kVÓksM+h lxGh ?kVukoka vj fFkfr;kajkS oj.ku lkfgR; isVS djhtSA fd.k cxr esaiznsl jh lkekftd] jktuhfrd] vkjfFkdvj lkaLÑfrd nlkoka dkabZ gh \ b.kjkS[kqyklkS djS mBS jkS lkfgR;A vk ckr bZpkoh dS ft.kjkS lkfgR; lkaoBkS vj flejFkgksoS] okS nsl&lekt bZ flejFk gksoSA

jktLFkkuh i|&lkfgR; jh fol;&oLrq]izo`fÙk;ka] Hkklk vj lSyh jh vksG[kk.k [kkrjlkfgR; jk bfrgkl jh dwar dj.kh ?k.kht:jh gS] D;wadS gj vsd tqx jh vkijhU;kjh lkekftd] lkaLÑfrd vj lkfgfR;dfFkfr;ka gksoSA lekt jk <c vj <kGk jSeqtc lkfgR;dkj jpuk djSA jktLFkkuhlkfgR; jS bfrgkl jkS cxr U;kjk&U;kjkfo}kuka&& MkW- eksrhyky esukfj;k] MkW- vsy-ih- VSLlhVksjh] MkW- ghjkyky ekgs'ojh] MkW-iq#"kksÙke yky esukfj;k vj in~eJh MkW-lhrkjke ykGl vkn vki&vkijh nhB lwab.kuS dkG&[kaMka esa ckaVÓkS gSA vka esa in~eJhMkW- lhrkjke ykGl jS jktLFkkuh lcndksljS iSyS Hkkx jh Hkwfedk esa jktLFkkuh lkfgR;jS bfrgkl jkS dkG b.k Hkkar fnjhT;ks gS&vkfn&dkG & 800 lwa 1460 fola-Ae/;&dkG & 1460 lwa 1900 fola-Avk/kqfud&dkG & 1900 lwa yxksrkjA

vkfn&dkGvkfn&dkGvkfn&dkGvkfn&dkGvkfn&dkGjktLFkkuh Hkklk jk fo}kuka vj ikBdka

lwa vk ckr Nkuh dksuh dS fola- 835 esa

qqqqq ifjf'k"Vifjf'k"Vifjf'k"Vifjf'k"Vifjf'k"V

jktLFkkuh lkfgR; jkS bfrjktLFkkuh lkfgR; jkS bfrjktLFkkuh lkfgR; jkS bfrjktLFkkuh lkfgR; jkS bfrjktLFkkuh lkfgR; jkS bfr;k;k;k;k;kl % dwadwa ixY;ka lwa vkHkS rkabl % dwadwa ixY;ka lwa vkHkS rkabl % dwadwa ixY;ka lwa vkHkS rkabl % dwadwa ixY;ka lwa vkHkS rkabl % dwadwa ixY;ka lwa vkHkS rkabZZZZZ

tkGkSj jk tSu ;fr m|ksrulwfj jh jpuk^dqoy;ekGk* esa 18 Hkklkoka lkFkS e#HkklkjS :i esa jktLFkkuh jkS mYys[k gks;kS gSAb.klwa lqHkV y[kkoS dS ukSoha lnh esa jktLFkkuhjkS Hkklkxr l:i vj njtkS gkS( i.k nlohalnh jS NsgyS nld rkabZ b.kjkS fyf[krlkfgR; fuaxS uha vkoSA vSM+kS eku.k esa vkoSdS jktLFkkuh jkS twukS vj l:ikar jkS lxGkSlkfgR; ekSf[kd :i esa pkokS gkSA b.kuSJqfrfu"B lkfgR; jh laKk fnjhtSA b.k HkkarjS lkfgR; jh ekSf[kd jpuk vsd&nwtk jSewaMS lq.k*j fd.kh rhtk jS daBka <G tkaorhvj iNS ok jpuk dha pkoh vj rk iNSyksdpkoh gks; tkorhA

tn e#iznsl esa pkj.k tkfr jkS vfLrRobZ dksuha gkS] m.k cxr Qdr uk;d vsdvSM+h tkfr gh ftdh vkijk cMsjka lwa lq.;ksM+kxhr vj iokM+Óka uS daBka jk[krhA xkao&xkaotk; b.k tkfr jk yksx yksdok|ka jS lkFkSjkx&jkxfu;ka esa vka iokM+Óka vj xhrka uSlq.kkork vj vjFkkorkA b.kht cxr esatksxh vj ukFk bZ b.k ekSf[kd lkfgR; uSthorkS jk[k.k esa enr djhA ekSf[kd l:ijS dkj.k b.k cxr jk lkfgR; uS m.kjkvly :i esa jk[k.kkS ?k.kkS nks*jkS dke gkSAm.k eka; dha ckrka rkS feV&feVk;xh vj dhauwaoh ckrka tqM+xh] vcS m.k jpuk jk ewGl:i uS dksbZ fd;ka tk.k ldS\ twuk lkfgR;jh Fkkrh uS feVrka ns[k m.kuS mnkgj.k[kkrj fp=fyfi jh l#vkr gks;hA pfj=uk;dka jkS iwjkS tho.k fp=ka esa mtkxjgkso.k ykxkSA lxGh ?kVukoka jkS fp=ka lwa

159

iwjkS esG gksorkSA fp=ka jS vk/kkj ekFkS xkbZt.kokGk xhrka uS QM+* ckap.kkS dSoSA jktLFkkujk xkaoka esa iokM+Óka vj QM+ uS ckap.k jkSdke [kkl rjS jh tkfr;ka jkS gksoSA fp=iVkalwa dFkk esa fFkjrk rkS vkbZ] i.k ekSf[kdgkso.k jS dkj.k Hkklk vj oj.ku cnGrk jS;kA

nloha lnh jh l:vkr esa fla/k lwapkj.kka jS b.k e#iznsl esa vko.k lwa jktLFkkuhlkfgR; jS bfrgkl jkS vkSs tqx dha ilokM+kSQsjSA b.k cxr dfork uS vsd xfr ¼izokg½feyhA iznsl jh jktuhfrd fFkfr Ådpwdgh] jktkoka jh vkilh yM+kbZ vj >xM+k][kkj&bZldS esa lkfgR;&fljt.k vj m.kuS#[kkG.k jh ckr dq.k lkspS\ pkj.k dfovkijk vkJ;nkrkoka jh fo#nkoyh esa dkO;jprkA b.k dkG jk xzaFkka esa ?k.kdjkS tSulkfgR; lkaEgh vkoS] ftdkS vkijk èkje lwatqM+ÓksM+kS gSA fyf[kr vj izkekf.kd lkfgR;jS :i esa feG.k okGk vka xzaFkka jh vaosjftuky;] tSu HkaMkj vj mikljka esa djhtSAtSu&lkfgR; jh jpuk rkS laLÑr&dkG lwagksorh vkbZ gSA izkÑr vj viHkzal lwa vkjhr jktLFkkuh esa vkbZA l: lwa bZ tSujpukdkj vkijk lkfgR; jh vaosj vj #[kkGhokLrS lkopsr jS;kA vkS bZt dkj.k dS izkphujktLFkkuh lkfgR; jS :i esa vBS jk tSu xzaFkbZ iq[rk izek.k gSA

jktLFkkuh jkS vkfndkyhu lkfgR;ekSf[kd ijaijk esa bZ jS;kS] fyf[kr l:i?k.kkS FkksM+kS yk/kSA l:vkrh dkG jh dsbZegrkÅ jpukoka feyS] i.k okajk jpukdkjdq.k gS] vk ckr iq[rk uha gksoS rkS dBSbZjpukdkG esa vc[kkbZ vkoS dS veqd* jpukfd.k cjl esa fy[khth\ vka jpukoka esavk;ksM+k pfjr uk;dka lwa dha iM+rkG djhtk; ldS] i.k vsd cxr esa vsd ukao jkdsbZ lkld vj feu[k gks;k] b.k dkj.k vka

jpukoka jh izkekf.kdrk okLrS ?k.kS lks/k jhnjdkj gSA b.k dkG jh dha [kkl jpukoka esa^[kqEek.k jklkS* ¼fpÙkkSM+ jS egkjk.kkoka jkSo.kZu gS½] chlynso jklkS ¼vtesj jk jktkchlynso jks oj.ku gS½ izeq[k gSA chlynsojklkS twuh jktLFkkuh jks lclwa izkekf.kdxzaFk gSA izse&dkO; vj lansl&dkO; jS :iesa ykSfdd&'kSyh jh jpuk gSA ^<ksyk&ek:jk nwgk*] tsBoS jk lksjBk* vj vkHky&[khaothjk nwgk* izse&dkO; jS :i esa ?k.kh pkohjpukoka jS;h gS dfo vlkbr jh ^galkmyh*jpuk bZ izse&dkO; gS tdkS pkj [kaMka esa440 dfM+;ka esa fy[;ksM+kS feGSA

Jh/kj O;kl Ñr ^j.keYy Nan*jktLFkkuh jh twuh vj ohj jl jh jpuk gSA13oha lnh rkab± dha tSusrj dfo;ka jh QqVdjjpukoka lkaEgh vkoS ftdh Hkklk vj lSyh jhnhB lwa egrkÅ gSA vka esa ck:th lksnk]<we.k pkj.k] jkepanz pkj.k] ckx.k dfobR;kn [kkl gSA

11oha lnh lwa 15oha lnh jk iSyM+kikap nldka rkab± tSu dfo;ka jk izkekf.kdxzaFk jktLFkkuh lkfgR; esa c/ksikS djrk nh[kSAvka esa& ftuoYyHk lwfj jh jpuk oz) uodkj*]otzlsu lwfj jh ^HkjrsLoj ckgqcfy ?kksj*]lkfyHknz lwfj jfpr HkjrsLoj ckgqcfy jkl*]^cqf) jkl*] dfo vkflxq jfpr ^thon;kjkl*] ^panu ckyk jkl*] /kEe eqfu jfpr^tacw Lokeh*] fot;lsu lwfj jfpr jsaorfxfjjkl*] iYg.k dfo Ñr vkcw jkl*] usfeukFkckjkeklk*] ftuHkæ lwfj jfpr ôLrqikyrstiky izca/kkoGh*] vHk;nso lwfj jfpr t;arfot;*] eqfu jktfryd jfpr lkfyHkæ jkl*]jktsLoj lwfj jfpr îzca/k dksl*] ûsfeukFkQkxq* vj gyjkt dfo Ñr LFkwfyHkæ Qkxq*bR;kn vys[kwa jpukoka vj tSu dfo;ka jkukao fx.kk;k tk; ldSA vka tSu jpukoka jh

160

vkijh fudsoGh folslrkoka jS;hA vka jpukokaesa lacaf/kr ¼jpuk lwa½ iwjkS izkekf.kd fooj.k]Hkklk jh iq"Vrk ¼xjchyh vj xqest tksxHkklk½] fofo/k dkO; :i ijaijk ft.kesa 117dkO; :ika jh vksG[kk.k vckj rkabZ feGSAtwuk x| jh cksgGk;r] vSfrgkfld jpukokajh eksdGk;r] uSfrdrk ekFkS cy vj jpukokauS yksdHkklk esa fy[k.kkSA yksd&lkfgR; jhvaosj] gtk:a yksdxhrka vj dFkkoka uS vkijSfyf[kr lkfgR; esa vi.kk;*j m.kuS v[khjk[;kSA

b.k Hkkar vkfndkG esa tSu lkfgR;vj tSusrj lkfgR; jS :i esa jktLFkkuhlkfgR; jk nks; :i feGS] ft.kkajh [kklizo`fÙk;ka& izse&dkO; ;k fl.kxkj&dkO;]uhfr vj mins'kkRed&dkO;] oLrq&oj.kuizèkku dkO; jh jS;hA dha ohj jlkRed dkO;jkS fljt.k bZ b.k dkG esa gks;kSA

e/;&dkG ¼1460 lwa 1900 rkab±½e/;&dkG ¼1460 lwa 1900 rkab±½e/;&dkG ¼1460 lwa 1900 rkab±½e/;&dkG ¼1460 lwa 1900 rkab±½e/;&dkG ¼1460 lwa 1900 rkab±½e/;&dkG jktLFkkuh Hkklk vj lkfgR;

jh nhB lwa ?k.kkS egrkÅ dkG ekuhtSA vkSjktLFkkuh jkS lqoj.k&dkG bZ dSohtSA b.kdkG esa jktLFkkuh Hkklk jkS O;kdj.kxr]lSyhxr] fo/kkokaxr ftÙkkS foxlko gks;kS]lkfgR; jh nksuwa fo/kkoka ¼x| vj i|½ esafljt.k bZ mÙkkS bZt gks;kSA

jktiwr fj;klrka jh vkilh QwV][kkuok jk tq) esa egkjk.kk lkaxk jh gkj vjdha fnuka iNS okajh ekSr lwa nq[kh] ukmEehnvj fujkl eku[kkS] eqxyka jS iNS bZ ejkBkalwa Hkkjr jk ohjka uS gjesl la?k"kZ dj.kkSiM+ÓkSA vkS cxr tq)ka vj la?k"kk± jkS dkGgkSA b.k tqx esa ohjka vkijS ohjRo jh vksG[kk.kdjkbZA glrka&glrka izk.kka uS ekr`Hkwfe ekFkSfuNkoj dj.k jh vBS vuwBh jh jS;h gSA ohjkajh ohjrk] lkgl] R;kx vj cfGnku jh tl

xkFkkoka lwa vkS lkfgR; ljksoj NY;ksM+kS ykèkSAlkfgR; uS v[kh jk[k.k okGk dfo fd.kh&u&fd.kh jktk jk vkljk esa jSorkA vkijkvkJ;nkrk jh dhjfr jS lkFkS tBS dBSbZfeu[khpkjkS vj ohjrk jk xq.k ns[krk] oS >Vm.kuS vkijS lkfgR;&fljt.k jkS vkèkkj c.kk;ysork vj dkO; jS fel eku[kS rkabZ oka HkkokauS iqxko.k jk tru djrkA

nslHkDrka] LokehHkDrka] nkuohjka]{kekohjka jk R;kx vj tl uS ys;*j vBS jkdfo;ka ftdkS lkfgR; fljt.k djÓkS oSjktLFkkuh lkfgR; lkxj jk veksyd ¼?k.kewa?kk½ jru gSA vS dfo dye vj ryokj jkèk.kh gkA dke ifM+;ka j.k esa jhB ctkork]vUu jkS vSlk.k mrkj nsork] tq)Hkwfe esaÅHkk vkijS vkstLoh cksyka lwa ohjka jh gwalcèkkorkA jktLFkku esa dksbZ vSM+h BkSM+ dksuhatBS vku&cku vj èkje&ejtkn [kkrj tq)uha yM+hT;k gksoSA vkS bZt dkj.k dS vBSxkao vj >wa>kjka jk Fkku FkjihT;ksM+k yk/kSAvka lxGka jh ÅtGh dhjr jk c[kk.k dj.kokGk dfo;ka lwa bZ vk èkjrh jhrh dksuh jS;hAtBS jk ohj tks/kkj rks [kkax.k esa yM+rka&yM+rkaej.kS jkS ekSdkS uha pwdrk] yqxk;ka vj Vkcjvkijh vkc: cpko.k okLrS vxu nsork uSlejfir gks; tkorkA mBSbZ b.k iznsl jkdfo gj vsd njlko uS futjka ns[krk vjvk[kjka <kGrkA vkijk dkO; lwa R;kx&leji.kokGh m.k ?kM+h&iqG uS cka/k nsaorkA ft.kka jhohjrk uS cSjh bZ ljk;ka fcuka uha jS;k] vSM+kohjka jkS tl jktLFkkuh dfo;ka Hkj&Hkj ewaMkc[kkf.k;ka fcuka uha jS;kA ^jktk dj.k jhcsGk* esa ;kn dj.ktksxk oka ohjka jh HkkoukokajkS dfoljka jh Hkkoukoka lkFkS tqM+.kkS ek=gkS] dksbZ vfr'k;ksfDr oj.ku dksuha gkSA

fpÙkkSM+ jk x< esa vdcj jh QkSt jSfojks/k esa ?k.kh ohjrk lwa yM+.k okGk t;ey

161

esM+fr;k vj iÙkk fllksfn;k jh ohjrk]nslHkfDr] R;kx vj lkpk lke èkje uS ns[kvdcj bZ cM+kbZ djÓka fcuka uha jS;kSA bÙkkSbZ uha] ckn'kkg oka ohjka uS vej dj.k okLrSgkFkh jS gksnS p<ÓksM+k t;ey&iÙkk] nksuwa jhewfrZ;ka c.kkbZ vj vkxjk jS fdyS jh fljSiksG ekFkS oka ik[kk.k ewfrZ;ka uS fFkjirdjkbZA cSjh bZ tk.kX;kS dS x< jk #[kkGkvj lke èkjeh gksoS rkS t;ey&iÙkk tSM+kAmBS izek.k lk: vkS nwgks bZ [kqnok;ks&&t;ey cM+rka the.kS] iÙkks MkoS iklAfganw pf<;k gkfFk;ka] vfM+;kS tl vkdklAA

vSM+k ohjka okLrS jktLFkkuh dfo jhys[kuh fy[krh uha Fkkdh rkS vitksxrh ckrdkabZ\ tn dnSbZ fganw jktk fujkl gks;k]dk;jrk yk;k] cSjÓka lwa Mj*j ix ikNkesY;k] vkijk drZO;ka uS Hkwy.k ykxk rkS vBSjk dfo;ka bZ oka esa gwal Hkjh] dk;jka&mjlky.k okGh ok.kh lwa tksl txk;kS]drZO;&foeq[kka uS lwaoS ekjx pky.k jh lh[knhA jktk tBS dBSbZ >wBkS xjc djÓkS rkSvkijk lwG tSM+k cksyka lwa okajkS fg;kS cha/krkadfo [kjk cksy dSo.k esa vj okajh HkwaM dj.kesa ikN uha jk[khA dha nk[kyk ns;*j vka ckrkauS iq[rk dj.kh pkowa&

[kkuok jk tq) esa gkjÓksM+k jk.kk lkaxkesa ^vkre&cG* okijÓkS m.k cxr jk dfo^te.kkth* jk xhr lwaA ft.kjk ukao lwavdcj lwrkS vks>drkS vj ft.kjh ohjrk uSjax nsorkS] m.k egkjk.kk izrki jh ohjrk]nslHkfDr] R;kx vj cfynku fd.klwa vNkukSgSA nqjlk vk<k vj lwjk;p Vkifj;k jkdkO; esa izrki jh ohjrk jk ftdk c[kk.kgks;k gS m.klwa dk;jka esa bZ ohjRo ikaxjtkoSA t;iqj jk jktk ekufla?kth tks/kiqj¼eaMksoj½ jk jko tks/kk lwa [kqn jh cjkscjhdjrka mn;iqj esa fiNksyS ?kksM+k ikorka dwM+kSxjc djÓkS rkS okajk vkfJr dfo lwa jghT;kS

dksuha vj ekufla?k jkS xjc xkGrka vkS nwgkSdS;kS&ekauk eu vatlkS erh] vdcj cG vk;kagAtks/kS* taxe vki.kk] ika.kka cG ik;kagAA

b.kh*t Hkkar ujgjnkl ckjB ekjokM+jk egkjktk tloarfla?kth ¼iSyk½ jh dk;jrkns[k*j ?k.kh eS*.kh nhA dEekth pkj.koklesokM+ egkjk.kk jktfla?k uS psrk;k vjfganqoka.k jh jhr jk[k.k jh lh[k nhA

jktLFkkuh lkfgR; esa vSM+k gtk:amnkgj.k feGS] ft.kesa dfo;ka vkijkvkJ;nkrkoka jkS fygkt uha jk[krka [kkjh vj[kjh&[kksVh i.k lkph ckr dS;*j okajkSekjx&njl.k djÓkSA

^tl tho.k vj vitl ej.k* okGhlh[k uS ekurh vBS jh ohjkaxukoka bZ ohjka lwavsd ikaoMkS bZ ykjS uha jS;hA oS fd.kh dk;j]diwr jh ek] cSu] csVh dS tksM+k;r c.k.kkSdnSbZ uha vaxsft;kSA dk;j èk.kh jh yqxkbZ[kqn uS fo/kok vj dk;j&diwr jh ek [kqn uSfuiwfr dS iNS cka>M+h ekurhA b.kh*t HkkoukjS dkj.k nw/k ytk.kkS iwr le] oy; ytk.kkSukg*] fg;kS n>ko.k okGh vS nks; ckrka ohj{k=k.kh uS dnSbZ nk; uha vkbZA jktLFkkuhdfo;ka ?k.kS vatl jS lkFkS ohjkaxukoka jkc[kka.k vkijS dkO; esa djÓk& tn t;fla?kdNokgk jh csVh fdlukorh vkijk csVka jhfjNÓk lk: tq) dj~;ks rks xksj/ku cksxlk*jS dkO; esa nsork bZ m.k ohjkaxuk ekFkSfuNkoj gks;X;kA bZljnkl ckjB gkyka&>kykajk dqaMfG;ka* esa tlkth jh tksM+k;r jS ewaMSm.k ohj jh ohjrk c[kk.kh gSA tks/kiqj egkjktkekynsoth jh jk.kh mekns HkfV;k.kh ^:Bhjk.kh* c.k*j jS;h] egyka jkS lq[k uha ns[;kS(i.k ekynsoth lkFkS lrh gks;*j ifrozrèkje uS fuHkk;kS ft.kjkS tl oj.ku ^vklkckjB* jk lcnka esa& ^yN.k egk yfPNeh]ftlh xaxk ikjcrh* :i esa gks;kSA

162

lr&ir] èkht vj irht lwa nksuwadqGka esa ÅtGh dhjr jh jhr jk[k.k okGhohjkaxukoka jS tl jh v[kwV ijaijk vBSc.kxhA vk/kqfud dkG jk dfo lwjteyehl.k rkS vkijh jpuk ohj lrlbZ* esa ohjukjh jk lxGk :i njlk;k gS vj fla?kl:i ohjka uS t.k.k okGh m.k ekr`'kfDrekFkS dfo lkS&lkS ckj fuNkoj gkso.kh pkoSA

jktLFkkuh lkfgR; jk eè;&dkG esaJqfrfu"B lkfgR; vkijh pky pkyrkS jS;kS]ekSf[kd lkfgR; jk :i esa& iokM+Ók] QM+ka]ckrka] yksdxhr] fpjtkoka] Hktu] gjtl bZb.k tqx esa vkijh BkSM+ c.kkork jS;kA fyf[krlkfgR; jk :i esa& vSfrgkfld dkO; ftdkSpfjr uk;dka jS ukao lkFkS jklkS] :id]izdkl] foykl] opfudk] osy] osfy bR;knyxk;*j fy[khtrkA jk;ey jklkS] jru jklkS]lwjtizdkl] Hkheçdkl] jktfoykl] jkt:id]vuksifla?kth jh osy] vpynkl [khph jhopfudk vkn vka dkO;&:ika jk mnkgj.kgSA dsbZ jpukoka fMaxG Nanka uS vk/kkjc.kk;*j oakjS ukao lwa fy[khthA tFkk& xksxSthpkSgk.k jh fulka.kh] lks<ka jk xq.k >wy.kk]chnkor djels.k fgerfla?kksr jh >eky]gkyka&>kyka jk dqaMfG;k] vHkSfla?kth jkdfoÙk] ikcwth jk nwgk] izdh.kZd dkO;] vuqoknvj vusd 'kkL=h; lkfgR; jS lkFkS x| :ikaesa okr] [;kr] foxr] oa'kkoyh] ih<h bR;knjh b.k tqx esa cksgGk;r jS;hA fMaxG&xhr]QqVdj jpukoka lkFkS ?k.kdjkS fMaxG&dkO;b.k tqx jh nsu gSA fMaxG&dkO; lSyh jkjpukdkjka esa pkj.k tkfr jkS ukao fljSekuhtSA vk ckr dksuha dS pkj.ksrj dfo;kajh fMaxG&lSyh esa dBSbZ [kkeh jS;h gksoS(i.k pkj.kka jh cksgGk;r lwa bZ uk uha djhtSAfMaxG&xhrka jS :i esa pkj.k&lSyh jhekSf[kd ijaijk bZ jS;hA gksGS&gksGS vS xhr

fyf[kr l:i yso.k ykX;kA èoU;kRedlcnka& V] B] M] < .k tSM+k dBksj djdllcnka uS pkj.k&dkO; esa ijksV.k jh vkijhU;kjh dyk gSA b.k dkO; esa lxGklcnkyadkjka vj vjFkkyadkjka jS lkFkSjktLFkkuh jkS vkijkS oS.klxkbZ vyadkj]ft.kjkS dkO; jh vksGh& vksGh esa Hkjiwjiz;ksx dj dkO; dqlGrk jh vksG[kk.kdjkbZth gSA Nanka jh fofo/krk vj jlf=os.khjk njl.k bZ b.k pkj.k&lSyh jh vkijhbèkdh folslrk jS;h gSA

flonkl xkM.k fojfpr ^vpynkl[khph jh opfudk*] cknj <k<h jh ohjek;.k*]pku.k f[kfM+;k jk xhr] ilkbr jh jpuk^jko fjM+ey jks :id*] ^xq.k tks/kk;.k*]in~eukHk Ñr dkaUgM+ns izca/k] dfo nkeksÑr y[kelsu inekorh pkSibZ* dfo HkkMmO;kl jh gehjk;.k* vj chBw lwtks Ñr jkotSrlh jkS Nan* b.k dkG jh izeq[k jpukokaghA

e/;&dkG esa feVrk fganw èkje vjlekt esa ix tekork eqfLye /kje] /kje jSukao ekFkS gksork vR;kpkj] turk esa ilj~;kvfoLokl eka; fganw èkje vj laLÑfr uSmckj.k jkS dke djÓkS vBS jk HkDrdfo vjlar laiznk;A HkfDr jh lxq.k vj fujxq.kèkkjk e/;dkG esa cSorh jS;hA vka Hkxr&dfo;kaesa HkDr&f'kjksef.k ehjkackbZ ¼ehjka inkoyh½]bZljnkl ckjB ¼gfjjl vj nsfo;ka.k½] egkdfoi`Fohjkt jkBkSM+ ¼fØlu #de.kh jh osfy½jl&f=os.kh jS lkFkS dsbZ HkfDr jpukoka fy[khAlka;kth >wyk Ñr ^ukxne.k*] ekèkksnklnèkokfM+;k Ñr ^jkaejklkS*] ujgfjnkl Ñr^vorkj pfj=* tSM+k vys[kwa dfo gks;kAykSfdd lSyh esa] yksdHkklk vj ykSfddoj.ku fol;ka jh leUo;oknh nhB]tudY;k.k] yksdpsruk jh Hkkouk lwa

163

yksdfo'okl uS txko.k lk: vBS jk larka]lar lEiznk;ka jh ?k.kh egrkÅ Hkwfedk jS;hAlar tkaHkksth] fl) tlukFkth] jTtcth]lar nknwn;ky th] gfjjkenkl th] n;kynklth bR;kn vusd larka vkijh lcn] lkf[k;ka]okf.k;ka jS :i esa èkje] dje] uhfr vjminsl jh ckrka lekt yx iqxko.k jkSljko.k tksx dke djÓkSA jktLFkkuh lkfgR;gjesl vka lar dfo;ka vj lekt&lqèkkjdkajkS _.kh jSoSykA

b.k Hkkar eè;&dkG esa lwjka] lkiq#"kkavj lfr;ka jh b.k ohj&olqaèkjk okLrS vys[kwadfo;ka vkijh ys[kuh jS cG ohj] fl.kxkj]uhfr vj HkfDr jkS lkfgR; jP;kS rkS larlaiznk; èkje jh tM+ gjh djhA b.kjS lkFkSbZ yksd&lkfgR; vkijh lxGh foèkkoka lkFkSikaxjÓkS vj gfj;y :a[k T;wa QGÓkS&QwY;kSAHkklkbZ nhB lwa jktLFkkuh Hkklk bZ vkijSckGi.kS jS laxh&lkfFk;ka uS fNVdk; tkscuerokGh] jkrh&ekrh futj vko.k ykxhA

vkèkqfud&dkG ¼1900 lwa vkt rkab±½vkèkqfud&dkG ¼1900 lwa vkt rkab±½vkèkqfud&dkG ¼1900 lwa vkt rkab±½vkèkqfud&dkG ¼1900 lwa vkt rkab±½vkèkqfud&dkG ¼1900 lwa vkt rkab±½b.k dkG esa nks; U;kjh fFkfr;ka esa

U;kjh dkO;&/kkjkoka vj U;kjk fopkjka uS cGfeGÓkSA vktknh lwa iSyh jkS dkG vj vktknhjS iNS jkS dkGA nksuwa cxr psruk txko.kokGk gk( i.k fol; U;kjk gkA eksVS :i lwavkS dkO;&psruk jkS tqx gkSA b.k dkG esansl ekFkS vaxzsth gdqer] m.kjk vR;kpkjkavj vU;koka lwa ekau[kkS nq[kh gkSA QwV ?kkykSvj jkt djkS* okGh nksxyh uhr uS vi.kk;*jxksjka dsbZ fj;klrka ekFkS gd tek; fy;kSAdsbZ jktk rkS vaxzstka jS gkFk jk jefr;k gkAdsbZ jktk] lkear] vaxzstka lkFkS jkthik jkSlkSnkS dj cSBk gkA b.k tqx esa bZ nslizsfe;kavj Lok/khurk uS iwt.k okGka jkS ?kkVkS dksuhagkSA jktLFkkuh dfo vkFkw.kh gok lkFkS mBrk

dkGk èkwaoka lwa v.ktk.k dksuha gk( xksjhljdkj jS dkGk eu uS oS pks[kh rfj;katk.krk gkA vcS jktkoka uS fo#nko.k jhnjdkj dksuha ghA dfo;ka ijaijkxr dkO; jhyhd NksM*j vaxzsth lÙkk jS fojks/k esa dkO;dj.k ykxkA vaxzstka jh [kksVh uhfr;ka vjokajk dkuwu vkxS rG&rGhtrS eku[kS uSU;ko fnjko.k okLrS vka dfo;ka jh dyepkyhA nsl esa tutkxj.k] nslizse] ohjrkvj Lora=rk jkS ikB i<ko.k okGk b.k tqxjk iSyk dfo lwjtey ehl.k gks;kA ohjjlkorkj jS :i esa pkok b.k dfo jh ^ohjlrlbZ* jks vsd&vsd nwgkS nslHkfDr vjLora=rk jh lh[k nsoS] rkS dk;jka&mj NSydkdjS tSM+kA jkeukFk dfo;k æksinh&fou;* jSfel ukjh jS fonzksgh :i uS njlk;ksA 'kadjnkulkekSj jk xksGh gank xhrka esa vaxzstka uS>waifM+;ka jk èkkM+k;rh crkbZT;k rks dsljhfla?kckjB] ghaxGkt nku dfo;k] ekf.kD;ykyoekZ] fot;fla?k ifFkd tSM+k dfo;ka vaxzsthlÙkk jkS [kqyklkS djrka tupsruk txkbZ vjturk esa vktknh jkS lqj HkjÓkSA

tudfo Åejnku ykGl izxfr'khydkO;&èkkjk jh l:vkr djhA lekt uSlkaLÑfrd vj lkekftd mRFkku lk: psrk;kSAèkje jS ukao ekFkS gkso.k okGk ik[kaMka jkS[kqyklkS djrka lekt&lqèkkjd vj tudfojkS dke lkjÓkSA

jktLFkku jk dfo gjesl Fkkdy feu[kkajkS lkFk fn;kS] fj;klrka jk lkearka] tkxhjnkjka]Bkdjka jk gsBokfG;k djlka vj etnwjka jkSlkFk nsork lekt jk vka BsdSnkjka uS vkMSgkFkka fy;kA tkslhyk lcnka esa okauS QVdkj.kjkS dke x.ks'khyky O;kl ^mLrkn* tSM+ktudfo bZ dj ldSA lekt jk gsByk rcdkjkS lkFk nsof.k;k dfo;ka esa jsaornku pkj.k]mn;jkt mTToG] ghjkyky 'kkL=h vjt;ukjk;.k O;kl tSM+k dfo vkxS vk;kA

164

nslizse] vsdrk] vfèkdkjka okLrS lkopsrdj.kkS] vf'k{kk uS esV.kh] dke&èkaèkk vjeSur jh tS cksykorka ojxHksn vj ukjhtkxj.k jh ckr vkajh jpukoka esa djhthA

xkaèkhth jh vxokbZ esa nsl jh vktknh[kkrj ftdh yM+kbZ fNM+h] vBS jkS lkfgR;dkjbZ m.klwa vGxkS vj vNwrkS uha jS;kSA xkaèkhthjS lR;] vfgalk] U;k; vj okajk vkn'kk± uSys;*j lkfgR;dkjka cksgGkS dkO; fy[;kSAlkFkS bZ jktuhfrd vkanksyu] lekt&lqèkkj]vNwrks)kj] lkekftd vsdrk] dqVhj m+|ksxkajS lkFkS xkaèkhoknh fopkjka lwa vksrizksr dfo;kavBS jkejkT; jh dYiuk bZ djhA vka lxGkafol;ka uS ys;*j jktLFkkuh esa lSd³wa jpukokafy[khthA

lkfgfR;d nhB lwa vkèkqfud tqx esadsbZ uwaoh fparu èkkjkoka jkS tye gks;kSA nsljh vktknh iNS uwaoh dkO; psruk jh l:vkrgks;hA izÑfr lapsruk ijd dkO; esa izÑfrjkS ekuohdj.k djhT;kS gSA izÑfr lkFkSfeu[k jkS vkn&tqxkn laca/k jS;kS gSA eku[kSjS fgjnS esa yqD;ksM+h Hkkoukoka uS izÑfr jkdksey&dBksj] vj :i&foM:i jS fel izxVdjhth gSA izÑfr&dkO; dS Nk;koknh&dkO;jh vBS ywaBh ijaijk jS;hA b.k dkG jkdfo;ka esa& panzflag fcjdkGh ¼cknGh] yw½]ukjk;.kflag HkkVh ¼lka>½] ukuwjke laLdrkZ¼dGk;.k] nlnso½] xtkuu oekZ ¼lksuks fuitSjsr esa½] dUgS;kyky lsfB;k ¼eha>j½]dY;k.kflag jktkor ¼ijHkkrh½] jsaornku pkj.k¼fcj[kk& chu.kh½] lqesjflag 'ks[kkor vjMkW- euksgj 'kekZ vkn jk ukao fx.kk;k tk;ldSA

izca/k&dkO;ka jS lkFkS eqDrd dforkjkS Hkh tksj jS;kSA izca/k&dkO; esa jkek;.k]egkHkkjr] mifu"kn~ vj ikSjkf.kd fol;ka uSvkèkkj c.kk;*j èkkjfed izca/k&dkO; fy[khT;k]

rkS vSfrgkfld] v)ZvSfrgkfld] yksd&dkO;vj dkYifud izca/k&dkO;ka jkS fljt.k bZvBS gks;kSA ve`ryky ekFkqj jh xhr jkek;.k*]es?kjkt eqdqy jh lSuk.kh*] MkW- euksgj 'kekZjh dqatk*] vejQG*] iaNh*] ejo.k*] egkohjizlkn tks'kh jh fcanjkcu*] }kjdk*] eFkjk*]^varjèkku*] Jhear dqekj O;kl jh jkenwr*]lR;izdk'k tks'kh jh ^jkèkk*] lR;ukjk;.k^veu* izHkkdj jh ^lhlnku*] fxj/kkjhflagifM+gkj Ñr ^eku[kks*] dj.khnku ckjB jh^'kdqaryk* bR;kn izca/k&dkO;ka jS :i esaeksVh vj ykach dkO;&jpukoka fy[k.k jhvBS ywaBh ijaijk jS;h gSA

vkèkqfud&tqx jk dfo;ka esa dUgS;kykylsfB;k jh dfork esa uwaok fcac&foèkku lkFkStho.k&njl.k jk Hkko gSA nsl vj lekt jkcnGrk jax&:i] <c] tho.kxr] ekuohHkkoukoka jk lSal :i ijxV dj.k esa vkèkqfuddfo;ka jh ykach ikar gS ft.kesa& rstflagtksèkk] ef.k eèkqdj] vksadkjJh] ikjl vjksM+k]xksjèkuflag 'ks[kkor] Hkxorhyky O;kl]eksgEen lnhd] xtkuu oekZ] cqf)izdk'kikjhd] x.kifrpanz HkaMkjh] fd'kksj dYiukdkar]dY;k.k flag jktkor] lqeusl tks'kh]lR;izdk'k tks'kh] j?kqjktflag gkMk] izsethizse] lhrkjke egf"kZ] dkunku dfYir tSM+kvys[kwa dfo;ka vkèkqfud dfork esa uwaokHkko&cksèk] fcac&foèkku] izrhdka uS ys;*jjktLFkkuh dfork esa uwaok iz;ksx djÓkAèkksjka okGk nsl uS txko.k okLrS dnSbZeuqt nsikor uS vkxS vko.kkS iM+ÓkS rkSdnSbZ eku[kS* jh ÅaMh uhao jk[k.k uS fxjèkkjhflag ifM+gkj tSM+k lknxh okGk dfo uSeq[kfjr gkso.kkS iM+ÓkSA Jhear dqekj O;kluS vkijh ckr æksinh] ehjka] ekaMoh vj dSd;hjS vksGkoS dSo.kh iM+hA

vkèkqfud jktLFkkuh dfork uS nwth

165

Hkklk jh dforkoka jS lSatksM+ yko.k uS]m.kjh dwar dj.k okLrS dfork esa uwaok&uwaok:i mdsjhtrk jS;kA cxr jS ijok.k dfo;kalekt jh foM:irk ekFkS jksl djrkHkkar&Hkkar lwa Hkkoka jh vfHkO;fDr nh gSA vkadfo;ka esa& eksgu vkyksd] panzizdk'k nsoy]lR;su tks'kh] gjeu pkSgku] vLrvyh[kkaeydka.k] iq#"kksÙke Naxk.kh] ohjsUnz y[kkor]lR;nso laforsUnz] ';ke egf"kZ] lkaoj nb;k]uan Hkkj}kt] ehBsl fujeksgh] vkbZnkuflagHkkVh] pSuflag ifjgkj] tqxy ifjgkj]T;ksfriqat] dqanu ekyh] vtqZunso pkj.k]f'kojkt Naxk.kh] jkes'ojn;ky Jhekyh] psruLokeh] cnzhnku xkM.k] gjh'k Hkknk.kh ch-vsy- ekyh ^v'kkar*] ekypan frokM+h]y{e.knku dfo;k] jkeLo:i fdlku] eqdqVef.kjkt] nyir ifjgkj] oklq vkpk;Z] vkseiqjksfgr dkxn*] uhjt nb;k] v'kksd tks'kh^Økar*] 'kadjflag jktiqjksfgr] fxj/kjnkujruw nklksM+h bR;kn vkt rkab± jk jktLFkkuhdfo b.k vkèkqfud tqx esa vkoSA

vk/kqfud dfork esa izÑfr lapsrukijddkO;] izxfr'khy dkO;] Nk;koknh dkO;]izrhdkRed lSyh jkS dkO;] uqaoS Hkkocksèk vjtqxcksèk jkS dkO; fy[khT;kSA ikjEifjd dkO;jS lkFkS uwaoh dfork jkS ckukS iSjk; dfo;katho.k jk lxGk izlaxka lwa tqM+ÓksM+h jpukokafy[kh( vkFkw.kS lkfgR; esa gkso.k okGk uwaokiz;ksxka jkS vlj ek;M+ Hkklk ekFkS bZ ifM+;kS(nwth Hkklkoka jS ns[kk&ns[kh m.kka lwa lh[kys;*j jktLFkkuh dfo;ka bZ uwaok&uwaok dkO;:ika uS ijksV.k jk tru djÓk( vkijh ckruS dSo.k jh U;kjh vkaV jk[kf.k;k dfo;ka esaukjk;.kflag HkkVh] rstflag tks/kk] ikjlvjksM+k] pUæizdkl nsoy] ekypUn frokM+h]vtqZunso pkj.k jk ukao fx.kk;k tk; ldS]ft.kka jh dforkoka esa fparu jh uwaoh jhrfutj vkoSA

uwaoh dfork] feuh dfork jS lkFkSx|xhrx|xhrx|xhrx|xhrx|xhr bZ jktLFkkuh esa fy[khT;kA ckjykSl:i rkS ft.kjkS x| jkS i.k Hkkoka esa dkO;jkS jl vkoSA b.kesa vkyadkfjd] peRdkjhHkklk jkS iz;ksx djhtS okS x|xhr dghtSAtwuk dykRed x| jh vksG jk x|&xhr]ft.kka esa Hkkoka jh lcGrk] laxhr jh y;oØksfDr vj /ofu&ladsr ¼/oU;kRedrk½ tSM+hfolslrkoka b.kka esa gksoSA jkefla?k raoj]fo|k/kj lkL=h] eqjyh/kj O;kl] dUgS;kykylsfB;k vj dq- pUæflag jk ukao fx.kko.ktksx gS] ftdS x|&xhrka jh jpuk djhAjktLFkkuh xtyxtyxtyxtyxty izhr jh dqG.k] eSfQyka jhxk;dh uS NksM*j vke vkneh jS tho.k jhxty c.kxhA vkt jh O;oLFkk jS f[kykQcxkor jk rh[kk rsoj jkS vankt vj O;aX; jkSjkS ekjd lqj vka xtyka esa tcjkS nh[kSAxtydkjka esa lR;su tks'kh] uoy tks'kh]jkes'ojn;ky JhekGh] ';kelqanj Hkkjrh]HkkxhjFk flag HkkX;] tqxy ifjgkj] jktsUæLo.kZdkj] lR;nso ^laforsUæ* vkn vkoSAMka[kGkMka[kGkMka[kGkMka[kGkMka[kGk ikap vksGh okGkS ojf.kd Nan gSAvaxzsth jS fyefjd Nan jh cq.kxV uS vi.kk;*jjktLFkkuh dfo;ka b.kesa jpuk jphA vkijhHkklk uS fljeFk c.kko.k [kkrj nwth Hkklkokajk Nanka uS vi.kk; vkt jk dfo;ka Hkkar&Hkkarhyk euksjatd fol;ka ekFkS ^Mka[kGk*fyf[k;kA jktLFkkuh esa gkL;&O;aX; vkajkS[kkl fol; jS;kS gSA eksgu vkyksd]fo|klkxj] ';kelqanj Hkkjrh] ctjax lkjLorjk Mka[kGk ?k.kk ljkbZT;kA f'ko ikjhd jhiksFkh ^xGS esa vVD;kS Mka[kGkS* uke lwalkaEgh vkoSA Mka[kGkS pqVdykuqek dkO; jkS:i gSA vkt jh uwaoh fparu lSyh vj lcnkajh idM+ vka Mka[kGka esa futj vkoSA

dkO;&:ika jh b.k tw.k&tkrjk esajktLFkkuh dfo;ka tkikuh NUn ^gkbdwgkbdwgkbdwgkbdwgkbdw* esabZ vkijh gFkkSVh dl.k jk tru djSA Hkkjr

166

lwa phu vj tkiku esa x;ksM+k ckS) /kje jkvuq;k;h /kje minsl vj lh[k jh ckr uSFkksM+k*d lcnka esa dSorkA b.k jpuk&caèk uS^gkbdw* ukao fnjhT;kS] ft.kjh tM+ka Hkkjrh;lkfgR; lwa bZ lhaphth gSA /;ku] xSjk fparulwa eu jk >h.kk fopkjka uS de lcnka esadSo.k jh dyk jkS ukao gkbdw*A Qxr ¼17½lrjk vk[kjka jkS uSukS&lksd ojf.kd NangS& gkbdwA b.kesa Hkklk vj Hkkoka jh lw{erkgS( lkaoj nb;k] y{ehukjk;.k jaxk] uhjtnb;k] Hkaojyky Hkzej] lqeu fcLlk]?ku';keukFk dPNkok tSM+k dfo;ka gkbdw*esa vkijk fopkj jk[;k gSA lksusVlksusVlksusVlksusVlksusV jktLFkkuhdfork vkt jh nkSM+ esa ykjS uha jS; tkoS]b.kjh iwjh [kSpy vBk jkS dfo djrkS jSoSAok.kh jkS oj rkS eka lqjlr jk b.k ykMyka uSfeGÓksM+kS gS bZA 14 ¼ponS½ vksGh jk b.k Nanesa tho.k jh tFkkjFk fFkfr;ka vj ?kVukoka jkSoj.kko] vkijS P;k:aesj jS okrkoj.k jkS lkapvj vkijS fg;S jk futw laca/kka jh ckr uS?k.kk eje ijlh lcnka esa dFkht.k jh dGkjktLFkkuh dfo eksgu vkyksd jh Fkkrh gSA^lkS lksusV* ukao jh b.k iksFkh esa 102 lksusVNan gSA U;kjk&U;kjk fol;ka esa lcnka jhdGk vj Hkkoka jh ijxGkbZ gSA vaxzsth NanuS vi.kk; vkijS fg;S jh ckr mdsj.k esajktLFkkuh ykjS uha jS;kA i<rh cxr bZdBSbZ vc[kk;h uha y[kkoS dS b.k Nan jhidM+ esa jktLFkkuh dfo;ka dha [kkeh jk[khgksoSA b.kjS iNS chthdkokachthdkokachthdkokachthdkokachthdkoka bZ jktLFkkuh esajphth] ft.kesa lko FkksM+k*d lcnka esa lkjjh ckr dSo.kh gksoSA fgUnh jh ^{kf.kdkoka*T;wa tho.k jk vke&Qse izrhdka vj fcEcka uSuwaok] vcksV vk[kjka uS vjFk nsorh] lpksVrh[kh O;aX; HkjÓksM+h] FkksM+k esa ?k.kkS dSo.kjh f[kerk jk[k.k okGh vS chthdkoka* thotxr jk U;kjk&U;kjk :ika uS mdsjrh futj

vkoSA y{ehukjk;.k jaxk jh chthdkoka ljko.ktksx gSA vkse iqjksfgr dkxn* jh dqpj.kh*esa vjFkkowa dqpj.k;ka jkS ekikS bZ dksuhAnkSyrjke MksVkljk jk ^Vq.kdykVq.kdykVq.kdykVq.kdykVq.kdyk* bZ twukvks[kk.kka T;wa vjFkkoS ft.kesa lkj ckr dghthgSA jktLFkkuh esa HkklkbZ lcnka jkS vkS lkouwaokS iz;ksx gSA

b.k Hkkar vk/kqfud jktLFkkuh dkO;lkfgR; esa dkO; jk uwaok :ika jkS iz;ksx bZlkfgR; HkaMkj uS flejFk djSyk vj b.kHkklk jh dwar dj.k esa vkt jk vS dkO;&:ivkijh lSu:irk jkS E;kukS nsoSykA vk/kqfudrkjh nkSM+ esa vkxS c/krk lkfgR; jk ix eaMk.kvkijh eafty yx iwxSykA

jktLFkkuh lkfgR; esa ukjh ys[k.k jhckr djka rkS dsbZ 'kks/k&izcU/k R;kj gks;tkoSA eè;dkG jh ehjka lwa tho.k jh lh[kys;*j vys[kwa efgyk jpukdkj lkaEgh vkoSAlxq.k&fujxq.k Hkxrh jk lqjka uS vkijk inkaesa vaosjrh n;k ckbZ] lgtks ckbZ] xojh nsoh]Lo:ika ckbZ] jk.kk ckbZ] b.k lwa bZ iSyh lks<hukFkh vj jfld fcgkjh jk ukao HkfDrerhdof;f=;ka esa vkoS] rkS ifrozr /kje] rht&fraokj vj nslizse uS izÑfr jk ekso.kk fprjkebZ Hkxrh uhfr jS lkFkS futj vkoSA vka eka;nhi dqaojh] meknsoh tSM+h jpukdkj lkaEghvkbZA

vkt ukjh lkekftd foM:irk]vc[kk;ka uS vkijh jpukoka isVS mdsjSAlkekftdrk jS <kapk esa nksoM+h fopkjèkkjk esaihlhtrh ukjh vkt vkijh ys[k.kh lwa m.kvlekurk uS udkjSA tFkkjFk oj.ku esa ukjhys[k.k vkijh O;Fkk jh dFkk dSoSA èkj etykaèkj dwpka* jS lkFkS uwaoh lksp] ekuoh&la?k"kZ]ekuorkoknh nhB jkS ys[kkS djrh vkijhfnlk esa pky jS;kS gSA MkW- rkjky{e.k xgyksrjkS ^dSDV~l eka; rqGlh* dkO; ladyu

167

lkekftd folaxfr;ka uS mdsjSA MkW- lkfo=hMkxk] larks"k ek;keksgu] MkW- deyk tSu]oanuk 'kekZ] MkW- v#.kk 'kekZ] izfrHkk O;kl]lqeu fcLlk] dfork fdj.k] eksfudk xkSM+]jkts'k nqykjh lkanw] deyk deflu] MkW-izdk'k vejkor] Jherh 'kkjnk Ñ".k] fdj.kjktiqjksfgr fufryk*] jhuk esukfj;k] _rqfiz;k]NSy daoj pkj.k] MkW- yhyk eksnh vknvusd efgyk jpukdkjka jh dkO; izfrHkk&xhr] dfork] xty vj Nanka jS :i esalkaEgh vkoSA vkt lekt :ih jFk jkS nwtksM+kSifg;kS bZ ys[k.kh jh /kqjh c.kk; lkFkS laHkX;kSgSA uwaoh psruk jS lapkj lapfj;kS vj vcSlekt uS vkxS c/k.k lwa dq.k jksd ldSykAjktLFkkuh lkfgR; jk :a[kM+ka uS gfj;ydjf.k;ka MkfG;ka] ikuM+k] dwaiG] Qwy vjQGka jS :i esa vkijh U;kjh BkSM+ Qkcrkafljt.kgkjka jh lk[k Hk:a rkS EgkjkS lkSHkkxgSA cky&lkfgR; esa bZ jktLFkkuh ys[kuykjS dksuhA Vkcjka jS okLrS gsr&vi.kk;rvj f'k{kkizn dforkoka jh ckuxh b.k esans[khtSA

vka eka; lwa dsbZ dfo ijaijkxr dkO;fy[kS] rkS dsbZ tFkkjFkoknh dkO; jS uSM+k<wdSA dsbZ izÑfr jk izseh b.kjk d.k&d.k uSvk[kjka <kGS] :a[kka jh efgek xkoS] rkS dsbZeS.kr jk ukjk nsoSA dsbZ laLÑfr jh :ikGhfNc rht&fraokjk ns[k*j m.kjk xhr xkoS rkSdsbZ uwaok Hkko&cksèk lkFkS vuke dfork]feuh dfork uS fljtSA ekuoh Hkkoukoka lkFkStqM+*j >h.kh laosnuk uS dfork jk lqj c.kkoS]rkS dsbZ lekt jh nlk vj fnlk ekFkSNhtrkS futj vkoSA dksbZ fojykS dfork uSlkpS lapS <kGS] rkS dsbZ Qdr ukao [kkrjP;kj vksGÓka ekaM*j dfo c.k tko.kkS pkoSAdha gksokS] vkèkqfud jktLFkkuh dfork jh fFkjtkrjk djrk vkxS cèkrk vka dfo;ka jhdksj.kh eaMÓk vk[kjka esa vkèkqfud Hkkocksèk]

uotho.k vj uwaoS Hkkocksèk] dF;] jpko]fopkj] Hkklk] fcac vj flYi ljko.k tksxvj vkijh fudsoGh fiNk.k c.kko.k tksx gSA

b.k Hkkar vkèkqfud dkO; jh [kklizo`fÙk;ka esa tFkkjFkoknh dkO;] izxfr'khydkO;] uotho.k jkS dkO;] uo Hkkocksèk jkSdkO;] gkL;&O;aX;kRed dkO;] izÑfroknhdkO;] uwaoka fcEc vj izrhd foèkku esa fy[khT;kSrkS ijEijkxr dkO; esa HkfDr] uhfr] izÑfr]ohjrk] fl.kxkj jkS dkO; bZ cjkscj fy[khtrkSjS;kS] fxj/kjnku jruw nklksM+h tSM+k dfo;kajS ik.k fMaxG jkS Me: NUnka jh NkSGka jSik.k vkijkS ukn xqatkoS] rks NaneqDr dforkokabZ vkèkqfud jktLFkkuh lkfgR; esa gkso.kykxhA

jktLFkkuh x|&lkfgR;jktLFkkuh x|&lkfgR;jktLFkkuh x|&lkfgR;jktLFkkuh x|&lkfgR;jktLFkkuh x|&lkfgR;jktLFkku jh tlxkFkk m.kjS lkfgR;

eka; jph&clh gSA jktLFkkuh lkfgR; eka;ohjr jh dhjr c[kk.khtSA b.k lkfgR; jkSukao ysorka bZ ohjrk lwa mQ.krkS lkfgR;psrS vkoSA b.k lkfgR; jh ckr djka rkSx|&i| nks; :i lkaEgh vkoSA jktLFkkuhx|&lkfgR; jkS bfrgkl ?k.kkS tl Hkfj;kS gSA

nsoHkklk laLÑr lwa ikfy] izkÑr]viHkzal vj vk/kqfud vk;Z Hkklkoka jkS tyegks;kS] vSM+kS ekuhtSA laLÑr lxGh Hkklkokajh t.kuh gSA laLÑr lwa bZt ikfy] izkÑr]viHkzal vj nwth Hkkjrh; Hkklkoka jkS tyegks;kSA viHkzal jS lÙkkbZl Hksnka esa ?k.kh pkohrhu viHkzal Hkklkoka& ukxj viHkzal] e#xqtjh viHkzal vj lksjlSuh viHkzal uS ys;*jU;kjk&U;kjk fo}kuka jktLFkkuh jh mRifÙkokLrS vkijk fopkj jkf[k;k gS] ft.kesa MkW-mn; ukjk;.k frokjh] MkW- ukeoj flag] MkW-eksrhyky esukfj;k] izks- dY;k.kflag 'ks[kkor]ghjkyky ekgs'ojh] fonslh fo}kuka esa MkW-

168

,y- ih- rSLlhrksjh] fjpMZ~l fily vknfo}kuka jk er if<;ka iNS vkS y[kkoS dS?k.kdjk lksjlSuh viHkzal lwa bZt jktLFkkuhjh mRifÙk ekuS lclwa iSyh jktLFkkuh HkklkjkS mYys[k fola- 835 esa tkykSj jk tSu;fr m|ksru lwjh jk xzaFk ^dqoG;ekyk* esa18 Hkklkoka jS lkFkS e#Hkklk jS :i esajktLFkkuh jkS mYys[k feGSA b.kjkS vjFk vkSgS dS foØe jh 9oha lnh esa e#Hkklk jS :iesa jktLFkkuh yksdpkoh ghA

jktLFkkuh jkS vkijkS flejFk :i vjlkfgR; gSA Hkklk oSX;kfudka jh nhB esa vsdHkklk jS okLrS m.kjkS rS Hkw&Hkkx] cksy.kokGk]lcndksl] O;kdj.k] fyfi vj lkfgR; HkaMkjgkso.kkS pkbZtS] ftdkS jktLFkkuh duS gSAb.kjh cksfy;ka ekjokM+h] esokM+h] <wa<kM+h]gkM+kSrh] ekjokM+h] ckxM+h] esokrh jktLFkkuhjS flejFki.kS jh lk[k HkjS rkS b.kka jkS v[kwVlkfgR; b.kjS flejFk gkso.k uS txpkokSdjSA

jktLFkkuh jS x|&lkfgR; jS bfrgkluS tk.k.k lk: twuh iqM+rka m/ksM+.kh iM+SykAjktLFkkuh x| jkS mn~Hko 13oha lnh lwaekuhtSA l#vkrh x| ekFkS viHkzal jkS vljns[k.k uS feGSA 13oha lnh lwa ys;*j 16ohalnh rkabZ jkS cxr twuh jktLFkkuh jkS jS;kSA16oha lnh rkabZ jktLFkkuh vj xqtjkrh jkSvsd :i jS;kS vj iNS vS nks; U;kjh HkklkokajkS :i ys; fy;kSA

jktLFkkuh jkS i|&lkfgR; ftÙkkSflejFk gS] x|&lkfgR; bZ mÙkkS bZt flejFkvj jkrkS&ekrkS gSA jktLFkkuh esa izkphu x|:i esa fofo/k fol;d x| feGSA twuSjktLFkkuh x+| uS fol; jh nhB lwa ikapHkkxka eka; ckaVhT;kS gS&

/kkjfed x|/kkjfed x|/kkjfed x|/kkjfed x|/kkjfed x| eka; Vhdk] VCck]ckykocksèk] iêkoyh vj xqjkZoyh vkoSA dksbZ

Hkh /kkfeZd xzUFk uS le>.k [kkrj m.kesadFkkoka nh tkorh] m.kka jh fojksG ewG ikBjS gsBS ;k vyx lwa nsork] okauS Vhdk dS;kStkorkSA m.kh*t Hkkar VCck jkS :i gqorkS]i.k VCck ewG ikB jS gkfl;S ekFkS fy[khtrkAVkcjka uS cks/k djko.k lk:] okauS /kje vjlnkpkj jh lh[k ckykocks/k* lwa fnjhtrhAtkrd dFkkoka jS l:i jS :i esa b.kjkS eSrojS;kS gSA b.kesa la- 1411 esa [kjrjxPN jkr#.kizHk lwfj jkS "kMko';d cksykocks/k* lclwa twukS ekU;kS tkoSA b.kh Hkkar xq#&psyS jhijEijk uS fuHkko.k lk: xq# jS iNS psyS uSikV ¼xknh½ ekFkS cSBk;kS tkorkS] m.kjS bfrgkl]xq# vj psyS jS ifjpS uS b.k fo/kk esa ijksVÓkStkorkSA tSu ijEijk eka; oa'kkoyh jkS nwtkS:i xqjkZoyh jkS jS;kS gS ftdh xq#&psyS lwatqM+h gSA

vSfrgkfld x|vSfrgkfld x|vSfrgkfld x|vSfrgkfld x|vSfrgkfld x| eka; okr] [;kr]opfudk] nokoSr] foxr] oalkoyh tSM+h x|foèkkoka vkoSA okr* U;kjk&U;kjk fol;ka uSys;*j jphth gSA vk/kqfud tqx jh dgk.khfoèkk bZt m.k cxr ^okr* jS ukao lwatk.khtrhA vS okrka vSfrgkfld] v)ZvSfrgkfld] /kkjfed] uhfr iz/kku gq;k djrhA^[;kr* uS pfj= xzUFk vFkok mnwZ&Qkjlh jS^ukek* ;k vkbus* jS uSM+kS ekU;kS tk; ldSA[;kr esa ?kVuk oj.ku] pfj= oj.ku jS lkxSvSfrgkfld rF;ka uS Hkh egÙo fnjhT;kS gSAb.k esa fllksfn;ka jh [;kr] eqg.kksr uS.klhjh [;kr] egkjktk ekuflag jh [;kr] tksèkiqjjh [;kr] mejkoka jh [;kr] ckadhnkl jh[;kr fljS vksGh esa vkoSA ^foxr* jS eka;vsd bZt BkSM+] ?kVukoka] feu[kka vFkoktkfr;ka jkS foxrokj oj.ku dfj;kS tkoSAb.kesa ekjokM+ jk ijxuka jh foxr] esokM+ jkHkk[kjka jh foxr] dNokgk ls[kkorka jh foxrvkn vkoSA vsd bZt ifjokj dS tkfr jkS tn

169

vsd oa'ko`{k jS lk;jS lwa ih<h&nj&ih<h jkSx|kRed oj.ku dfj;kS tkoS m.kuS oalkoyhjS ukao lwa vksG[khtSA jkBkSM+ka jh oalkoGh]egkjkoG jh oalkoGh] >kyka jh oalkoGh]jkBkSM+ jktkoka jh oalkoGh] jktiwrka jhoalkoGh vknA

gdhdrgdhdrgdhdrgdhdrgdhdr lwa vjFk tFkkjFk jkS c[kk.kgqoSA b.kjkS mísL; dksbZ ?kVuk ;k [kkl ckrjh tka.kdkjh nso.kh gksoSA b.kesa eulc jhgdhdr] gkMka jh gdhdr] ikrlkg vkSjaxtscjh gdhdr mYys[ktksx gSA b.kh*t Hkkar^gkygkygkygkygky* esa Hkh gdhdr jS nkabZ dksbZ [kkl?kVuk jkS c[kka.k dfj;kS tkoSA ^lka[kyknfg;ka lwa tkaxGw fy;kS rsjkS gky* b.k jhrjh vsd [kkl jpuk gSA ^opfudkopfudkopfudkopfudkopfudk* lcnlaLÑr jS opu* lcn lwa cf.k;kS gSA x|&i|fefJr jpuk ft.kuS laLÑr esa pEiw dkO;Hkh dS;kS tkoSA b.kesa vpynkl [khaph jhopfudk] opfudk jkBk SM + jruflagegslnklkSr jh] ftu leqæ lwfj jh opfudk]ekrkth jh opfudk vkn vkoSA ^nokoSrnokoSrnokoSrnokoSrnokoSr*lcn jh O;qRifÙk vjch Hkklk jk lcn oSr*lwa ekuh tkoSA nokoSr esa mnwZ vj Qkjlh jklcn ?k.kk feGSA jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh lSa lwatwuh nokoSr esa mnwZ vj Qkjlh jk lcn?k.kk feGSA jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh lSa lwa twuhnokoSr ujflagnkl xkSM+ jh nokoSr* ekuhtSAb.kjS iNS egkjktk vthrflag jh nokoSr*]^vleky nsoM+k jh nokoSr*] egkjktk y[kirjh nokoSr* pkoh jS;hA

vfHkys[kh; x|vfHkys[kh; x|vfHkys[kh; x|vfHkys[kh; x|vfHkys[kh; x| jS eka; b±Vka] HkkVka]èkkrqi=ka ekFkS [kqnÓksM+kS x| vkoSA b.k rjSfeG.k okGkS lkfgR; jktkKkoka] vknslka]Qjek.k] nku&ik=] lEeku&i=] iêk vjijokuka jS :i esa feySA vkS vkfndkG esa?k.kkS fefG;kS gSA fofo/k fol;d x| eka;vk;qosZn] T;ksfr"k] O;kdj.k tSM+k vyx&vyx

fol;ka lwa tqfM+;k xzUFk tSu vj tSusrjlSyh esa feGSA b.kka esa T;ksfr"k esa tUeif=dkoka jh Hkh egrkÅ BkSM+ gSA b.k rjSizkphu vj e/;dkyhu jktLFkkuh x| jkSlalkj ?k.kkS ykaBkS gSA e/;dkG esa jktLFkkuhHkklk esa cÙkkS vj vljnkj x| jkS fljt.kgq;kSA ukao vj :i U;kjk&U;kjk jSork FkdkabZ dnSbZ :ixr vsdrk rkS dnSbZ fol;xrvsdrk jS dkj.k vkil esa tqfM+;ksM+h jS;hAQwy jh ika[kfM+;ka T;wa tqM+ÓksM+h vS foèkkokajktLFkkuh lkfgR; esa vkijh lkSje fc[ksjhAtwuS jktLFkkuh x| jh vkijh vyk;nh vksG[kgSA nwth Hkklkoka jk lkfgR; esa L;kr bZykèkSA b.kjS lkfgR; HkaMkj lwa fdÙkk&fdÙkkxzUFk&jRuka uS ijksVrka bfrgkldkjka jktLFkkuiznsl jS bfrgkl jkS :i laokfj;kS vjjktLFkkuh lkfgR; vkijkS vkikS Fkkfi;kS& vkafoèkkoka jS dkj.k bZtA

jktLFkkuh jS vk/kqfud x| jkS tye19oha lnh lwa bZ ekuhtSA lu~ 1857 jhØkfUr jh csGk ohj jlkorkj lw;ZeYy ehl.ki|kRed :i esa rkS ^ohj lrlbZ* jh jpukdjh] i.k vki uwaoh jktuhfrd psruk vjdrZO; iqdkj lwa ljkcksj dkxn bZ fy[;kAoka dkxnka jh Hkklk esa uwaoS jktLFkkuh x| jkcht feGSA lw;ZeYy ehl.k jk fy[;ksM+k vSdkxn uwaok x| jh uhao esa fnjhT;k] ft.kekFkS m.k cxr jk ukeh ys[kdka x| :ihEgSy ÅHkkS djrk jS;kA vkt yx m.k EgSyekFkS Åijks&Åijh esM+h&ekfG;k c.krk tk;jS;k gS] ft.kjh Fkkx dksuhA uwaok x| esa uwaoStekuS jh nwth Hkklkoka jS udy jh x|foèkkoka jkS fljt.k jktLFkkuh esa gkso.k ykX;kSAb.k cxr esa ?k.kdjk izoklh jktLFkkuh vkijhek;M+Hkklk jkS eku c/kk;kSA

f'kopUæ Hkjfr;k vsd vSM+kS ukao gSftdk miU;kl] dgk.kh vj ukVd tSM+h

170

foèkkoka jh l#vkr jktLFkkuh esa djhA m.kiNS rkS jktLFkkuh eka; miU;kl] dgk.kh]ukVd] fucU/k] vsdkadh] js[kkfp=ke] laLej.k]cky&lkfgR; tSM+h fo/kkoka nhBko esa vkbZAvBS jktLFkkuh jh vka fo/kkoka jh dha tk.kdkjhVkcjka uS djko.kh pkowaA

jktLFkkuh eka; iSykS miU;kl dudlqanj* ekU;kS tkoSA lu~ 1903 esa f'kopUæHkjfr;k b.k miU;kl esa m.k cxr jh cqjk;kajS fuokj.k [kkrj lq/kkjoknh nhB jk[kh gSAmiU;kldkj b.k eka; ckyC;ko] nk;tkS]vuesG C;ko vkn uS ikBdka lkaEgh Y;ko.kjkS tru dfj;kS gSA jktLFkkuh jkS nwtkSmiU;kl Jhukjk;.k vxzokG jkS ^pEik* gSft.kesa lekt&lq/kkj jh Hkkouk jk[khth gSAb.k iNS Jhyky uFkey tks'kh jk ^vkHkSiVdh*] ^vsd chu.kh nks chu* vj ^/kksjka jkSèkksjh* miU;kl ikBdka lkaEgh vk;kA vUukjkelqnkek jkS êSdrh dk;k eqGdrh /kjrh*]êsoS jk :a[k\*] vka/kh vj vkLFkk*] Madhtrkekuoh*] ?kj lalkj*] ;knosUæ 'kekZ pUæ jk^gwa xksjh fd.k iho jh*] ^tksx latksx* vjfot;nku nsFkk jk rhMkS jko*] eka jkS cnGkS*vj ^vkB jktdaoj* tSM+k yksd miU;kllkaEgh vk;kA

uwaoS tqx eka; uwaok fol;ka uS ys;*jmiU;kl lkaEgh vk;kA ch- ,y- ekyh v'kkar*jk P;kj miU;kl ^feu[k jk [kkst*] ^cStw*]^vcksyh* vj ^cqjhxkj futj* lkaEgh vk;kAekypUn frokM+h jkS HkksGko.k*] N=ifr flagjkS frjladw*] ikjl vjksM+k jkS [kqyrh xkaBka*]nhun;ky dqanu jkS xqaokjikBkS*] lR;su tks'khjkS ^daoGiwtk*] Hkwjflag jkBkSM+ jkS ^jkrh?kkVh*] jkefuokl 'kekZ jkS ^dkG HkSjoh*]dj.khnku ckjgB jkS êa=h jh csVh*] vCnqyoghn dey* jkS ?kjk.kkS* lwa vkxS c/ksikS djmiU;kl lkfgR; eka; uwaok jpko gq;kA b.k

foèkk ekFkS uwaok fy[kkjk Hkh vkijh dyelokbZ djh] ft.kesa lqjsUæ vapy jkS ^lqiukjkS lk;ckS*] vksenÙk tks'kh jkS îk.kh ihtSNk.k] nsofd'ku jktiqjksfgr jk ^lwjt*]^dwir*] dGad*] /kkM+oh*] nkrkj*] nsonkljkadkor jk êqGdrh ekSr dGirh dk;k*]^èkjrh jkS lqjx*] ^xkao! FkkjS ukao*] uouhrik.Ms jkS ekVh tw.k*] e/kq vkpk;Z vk'kkoknh*jk xokM+*] vo/kwr* vj vkMk&frjNk yksx*lkaEgh vkoSA bDdhloSa lbZdS esa b.k foèkkekFkS yxksyx dke gq; Hkh jS;kS gSA vkt b.kfoèkk uS ijksV.k jh ?k.kh njdkj gSA

dgk.khdgk.khdgk.khdgk.khdgk.kh jktLFkkuh lkfgR; jS uwaoS tqxjh nsu gSA ^ckr* ijEijk lwa vGxh gV*jjktLFkkuh dgk.kh vkijh uwaoh l#vkr djhAchloha lnh lwa dgk.kh fo/kk isVS dke gkso.kykX;kSA uwaok fol;ka vj flYi uS ys;*jdgk.khdkj ikBdka lkaEgh iksF;ka yk;kA 1904esa vkèkqfud jktLFkkuh jh iSyh dgk.kh dydÙkSlwa fudG.k okGh fgUnh ekfld if=dkôS';ksidkjd* esa f'kopUæ Hkjfr;k jh foJkUrizoklh* ekuhtSA b.kjS iNS xqykcpUn ukxkSjhjh cMh rht*] csVh dh fcdjh* vj cgw dh[kjhnh*] f'koukjk;.k rksluhoky jh fo|kijanSore~*] ^L=h f'k{kk dks vksuek*] cztykyfc;k.kh jh jkek;.k* vj Hkxorh izlkn nk:dkjh vsd ekjokM+h dh ?kVuk* vj vsd ekjokM+hdh ckr* NihA vS dgkf.k;ka m.k cxr jSjktLFkkuh lekt jh lkekftd cqjk;ka uSmtkxj djS] b.k lk: vka esa lq/kkjoknh lqjfn[kSA vS dgk.khdkj jktLFkkuh lekt eka;jph&iph lkekftd vc[kk;ka dkauh ikBdkajkS è;ku [khap.k jh dkslhl djhA vS dgkf.k;katwauh jktLFkkuh ckrka lwa ?k.kh*t U;kjh ghAu rks b.kka esa dksbZ vykSfdd ik= gk vj ubZ dksbZ vykSfdd ?kVukokaA b.kesa fd.khHkkar jk jktk&jk.kh ;k jktdaoj tSM+k ik=

171

uha gk] vka esa Qxr tFkkjFk uS mtkxjdjhT;ks gksA b.k dkj.k dS; ldka dS vkèkqfudjktLFkkuh dgk.kh jh l#vkr izoklhjktLFkkuh dgk.khdkjka djhA

vk/kqfud jktLFkkuh dgk.kh jh l#vkreqjyh/kj O;kl la- 2012 ¼1955½ vkijS dgk.khlaxzS cjlxkaB* lwa djhA vk/kqfud jktLFkkuhdgk.kh ijEijk eka; nks /kkjkoka ns[kh tk;ldSA vsd /kkjk rkS lq/kkjoknh lksp fy;kanh[kS rkS nwth /kkjk eka; rRdkyhu lkekftdtho.k eka; vkork cnGko vj oka cnGkoka jSdkj.k tho.k&ewY;ka ekFkS iM+rS izHkko uSizdV dj.kS jh dkslhl djhthA jktLFkkuhjk vk/kqfud dgk.khdkj Hkko vj flYi nksuwaLrj ekFkS dgkf.k;ka uS ekat.k ykX;kA b.kkaeka; vUukjke lqnkek] ewypUn izk.ks'k]cStukFk iaokj] Jhyky uFkey tks'kh] u`flagjktiqjksfgr] euksgj 'kekZ] jk.kh y{ehdqekjhpwaMkor jkS ukao fljS vksGh esa vkoSA vkadgkf.k;ka esa Hkwjh*] dfYx egkre* ¼cStukFkiaokj½] cksy Egkjh eNyh*] mrj Hkh[kk Egkjhckjh*] Hkkjr HkkX; fo/kkrk* ¼u`flag jktiqjksfgr½]êkVh jh gkaMh* ¼Jhyky uFkey tks'kh½]^vkaèkS uS vka[;ka* ¼vUukjke lqnkek½ vkoSAyksddFkkoka jh lSyh eka; jk.kh y{ehdqekjhpwaMkor] fot;nku nsFkk] MkW- euksgj 'kekZ]ukuwjke laLdrkZ vkn jpukdkjka yksdlaLÑfr vj yksdpsruk uS ys;*j dgkf.k;kafy[khA

jktLFkkuh dgk.kh vkijh tk=k eka;vkt rkabZ dsbZ ikaoMk Hkfj;k gSA U;kjk&U;kjkfol;ka uS ys;*j dgk.khdkjka vkijhdFkk&Ñfr;ka ikBdka lkaEgh jk[khA b.kka esaukuwjke laLdrkZ jh ^X;ksgh*] u`flagjktiqjksfgr jh ^jkroklkS*] ^vej pwuM+h*]êÅ pkyh ekGoS*] izHkkfr;kS rkjkS*] v/kwjklqiuk*] ewypUn izk.ks'k jh mdGrk vkarjk

% lhGk lkal* vj pLenhB xokg*] cStukFkiaokj jh ^ykMslj*] ûS.kka [kwVÓkS uhj*] MkW-euksgj 'kekZ jh dU;knku*] vUukjke lqnkekjh ^vkaèkS uS vka[;ka*] Jhyky uFkey tks'khjh ij.;ksM+h daokjh*] eSa/kh] duhj vj xqykc*]lkaoj nb;k jh ^vlokM+S&ilokM+S*] ^/kjrhdn rkabZ ?kweSyh*] vsd nqfu;k Egkjh*] HkaojykyHkzej jh rdknks*] lkrwa lq[k*] nkeksnj izlkn'kekZ jh îzsrkRek jh ihM+*] ^jkes'oj n;kyJhekGh jh ^lGoVka*] ch-vsy- ekyh v'kkarjh ^fdyh fdyh dVdkS*] ^jkbZ&jkbZ jsr*]euksgj flag jkBkSM+ jh ^jksluh jk tho*]^f[kM+dh*] ;knosUæ 'kekZ pUæ jh lean vjFkkj*] enu lSuh jh Qqjlr*] HkksGh ckrka*]ekypUn frokM+h jh ^/kM+an*] ^lSfyczslu*]ehBsl fujeksgh jh vekol] vsde vj pkan*]pSuflag ifjgkj jh ^pjdkl*] jkeLo:ifdlku jh ^gkMk[kksM+h*] ^rh[kh /kkj*]lR;ukjk;.k lksuh jh ?kelka.k*] Hkjr vksGkjh tho jh tkr*] enu dsofy;k jh dkGhdkaBG*] cqykdh 'kekZ jh fgyksjks*] lkp uSvkap*] dey jaxk jh ^lhI;ka vj eksrh*]jkeslj xksnkjk jh eqduks es?kokG* vj ohjsrwa ykgkSj os[k.k vkbZ*] eukst Lokeh jh^fd;ka* vj benkn*] e/kq vkpk;Z vk'kkoknh*jh ^ÅX;kS pkan <GÓkS tn lwjt*] ^vka[;kaeka; lqiuk*] MkW- enu xksiky y<+k jh P;ku.ki[k* vj jktsUæ tks'kh jh ^vxkM+h* lkaEghvk;hA jktLFkkuh dgk.kh jh b.k tk=k eka;yqxk;ka Hkh vkijh dye lokbZ djh gSA vkaefgyk jpukdkjka eka; MkW- ¼Jherh½ izdk'kvejkor jh ^fg;S jk gjQ*] ekèkqjh eèkq jh^dslfj;k ckye*] ^frM+d.k ykX;k ckal*]dqlqe es?koky jh veaxGh Nk;k* vkn ukaob.k dgk.kh&tk=k eka; mYys[ktksx gSA

jktLFkkuh x| fo/kkoka esa fucUèkkafucUèkkafucUèkkafucUèkkafucUèkka jhegrkÅ BkSM+ gSA vk/kqfud tqx esa U;kjk&U;kjk

172

fol;ka ekFkS fucU/k fy[khT;k gSA fucU/kfopkja uS] Hkkoka uS vj fol; uS pks[kh rfj;kackaèk.k jkS dke djSA jktLFkkuh eka; fucUèkkajkS iSyM+kS l:i êkjokM+h HkkLdj* vjêkjokM+h* tSM+k i=ka esa izdkflr gqo.k okGkys[kka esa ns[k.k uS feGSA c`tyky fc;k.kh jkfucU/k eksxjkdyh*] xqykcdyh*] cM+h QtjjkS nhokS* vkn yfyr fucU/k îapjkt* esaizdkflr gq;kA b.k iNS rkS dsbZ fucUèklkaEgh vkoSA vkxhoka.k] vksGeksa] tyeHkkse]e#ok.kh vkn i=&if=dkoka eka; fucUèkizdkflr gq;kA vk/kqfud jktLFkkuh lkfgR;jk pkok fucUèkk&laxzgka eka; ^jktLFkkuhlaLÑfr jk fprjke*] /kj dkslka èkj etyka*]^vtqZ.k vkGh vka[k*] ¼tgwj[kka esgj½] ^Hkyyqoka cktkS fdÙkh*] ^yksd jkS mtkl* ¼MkW-fdj.k ukgVk½] îkaoMk] iM+ko vj eaty*¼ch-,y- ekyh v'kkar*½] cfGgkjh m.k nslM+S*]^cqxpkS* ¼ewGnku nsikor½] ^Mhxk Mwaxj /kksfG;k* ¼MkW- iq#"kksÙke vklksik½] ûkd jhdjkekr* ¼cqf)izdk'k ikjhd½] izhr jk iaNh*¼vLrvyh [kka eydka.k½] ^v.kHkwr nhB*¼ujirflag fla?koh½] ^lksufy;k vksG[kka.k*¼ek.kd frokM+h ^cU/kq*½] ^bfrgkl jkS lkp*¼MkW- fxfjtk'kadj 'kekZ½] laLÑfr jh lkSje*¼MkW- 'kfDrnku dfo;k½] lqj uj rks dFkrkHkyk*] ^lwjt dnS folwatS dksuh* ¼lw;Z'kadjikjhd½] dfo] dfork vj ?kjokGh* ¼cqykdh'kekZ½] ^fljt.k jh lk[k* ¼MkW- enu lSuh½]êf.kekG* vj jl dGl* ¼izks- dY;k.kflag'ks[kkor½] îj[k fljt.k* ¼MkW- iq#"kksÙkevklksik½] dhjr jk c[kk.k* ¼MkW- uekeh'kadjvkpk;Z½] lq.k vjtq.k* ¼'kadjflag jktiqjksfgr½vkn jkS ukao fljS vkoSA

jktLFkkuh eka; ukVÓ ijEijkukVÓ ijEijkukVÓ ijEijkukVÓ ijEijkukVÓ ijEijk ?k.khtwuh gSA yksdukVÓ jS L;kjS lwa euksjatu]f'k{kk vj X;ku c<ko.k jkS dke gksorkSA b.k

yksdukVÓ esa [;ky] Lokax] jEer] jklyhyk]QM+] VwaVÓk vkn yksdpkok gSA vk/kqfudjktLFkkuh ukVdka jh l#vkr f'koopUæHkjfr;k lwa ekuh tkoSA okajkS iSykS ukVd^dslj foykl* lu~ 1900 esa izdkflr gq;kSAb.k ijEijk esa nwtk ukVdka jkS ys[ku vjizdklu vyx&vyx jpukdkjka }kjkdjhT;kSA

tn ckr vkika jktLFkkuh ukVdka jhfol;&oLrq jh djka rkS l#vkrh ukVdlkekftd èkjkrG lwa tqfM+;k y[kkoSA vkaukVdka eka; jpukdkj lkekftd vc[kk;kauS lkaEgh yko.k jkS tru dfj;kSA ^dsljfoykl* eka; cnGko jk lqj fn[kSA ekjokM+hlekt jh jhfr&dqjhfr;ka jkS oj.kko b.kukVd esa ?k.kkS bZ gq;kS gSA Hkjfr;kth jknwtk ukVd ^QkVdk tatkG* vj ^cq<kiS jhlxkbZ* lkaEgh vkoSA b.k iNS Hkxorh izlknnk:dk jk ckyfookg*] o`)fookg*] lhB.kklqèkkj*] xqykcpUn ukxkSjh jk ekjokM+h ekSlj*vj ^lxkbZ&tatkG*] ckyÑ".k ykgksVh jkS^dU;kfcØh* vj ukjk;.knkl lkjM+k jkS ckyC;ko dks QkslZ* vkn ukVd lkekftdvc[kk;ka uS ys;*j jphT;kA

b.kjS iNS dsbZ ukVddkj U;kjk&U;kjkfol;ka uS ys;*j ukVd fy[;kA Jhukjk;.kvxzokG jk dfy;qxh Ñ".k #def.k ukVd*]^vdy cMh d HkSal*] egkHkkjr dks Jhx.ks'k*]^fo|kmn; ukVd*] lw;Zdj.k ikjhd jkS^cksGko.k*] JhukFk eksnh jkS ^xksek tkV*]fxj/kkjh yky O;kl jkS iz.kohj izrki*] MkW-ukjk;.k fo".kq tks'kh jkS tkxhjnkj*] ckyÑ".kykgksVh jkS ^dU;k fcdjh*] enueksgu fl)jkS t;iqj dh T;ks.kkj*] vkKkpUæ HkaMkjh jkSîUuk/kk;*] Hkjr O;kl jkS ^<ksyk ejo.k*]^jaxhykS ekjokM+*] ;knosUæ 'kekZ ^pUæ* jkS^rkl jkS ?kj*] cæhizlkn iapksyh jkS îk.kh

173

iSyh ikG*] QwypUæ jkS ^fcdkÅ VksjM+kS*]lR;su tks'kh jkS êqxrh ca/k.k*] vtqZunsopkj.k jk ^nks ukVd vkt jk*] ^èkjetq)*]êqxrh xkFkk*] ^teyhyk*] ^tsBok ÅtGh*]^cksy Egkjh eNyh bÙkkS ika.kh*] ^lR;kxzg*]MkW- T;ksfriqat jkS dadw dca/k*] y{ehukjk;.kjaxk jk ^cgw:fi;kS*] vj îw.kZfen~e* vknukVdka jkS fljt.k gq;kSA

ukVÓlkL= jh pkoh fo/kk gS& vsdkadhvsdkadhvsdkadhvsdkadhvsdkadhAb.kjkS pyu iSyh fiNeh nslka esa jS;kS] iNSHkkjr esa Hkh vk fo/kk ?k.kh pkoh gq;hA jktLFkkuhjh iSyh vsdkadh 'kksHkkpan tEeM+ jh ô`)fookg fonw"k.k* ekuh tkoSA ukVd eka;dFkkoLrq eksVh gqoS] ik=ka jh la[;k cslh gqoStndS vsdkadh b.k lwa NksVh gq;k djSAlaLÑr esa b.kuS :id ekU;kS x;kS gSA b.kesadFkkØe] ik=ka jh la[;k vj mísL; l:iHkh vis{kkÑr eksVkS uha gqoSA vfHkuh;rk esa Hkhcxr derh gh ykxS] b.k dkj.k b.kuS vsdkadhdSoSA JhukFk eksnh jh vsdkadh ^xkao lqèkkj;k xksek tkV* vj lw;Zdj.k ikjhd jh^cksGko.k* l#vkrh nkSj jh ekuh tkoSA b.kjSiNS lke/kjek ekth* ¼y{ehdqekjh pwaMkor½]^nsl jS okLrS* ¼vkKkpan HkaMkjh½] ^t;tyeHkkse ¼/kuat; oekZ½] ^MkDVj jkS C;ko*¼MkW- xksfoUnyky ekFkqj½] rksi jkS ykblsal*¼nkeksnj izlkn 'kekZ½] jxr vsd feu[k jkS*¼lqjsUæ vapy½] ^feu[k* ¼guqeku ikjhd½]^Nksjh Qsy fd;ka gqbZ cSuth* ¼Jhyky uFkeytks'kh½] ^dQu* ¼ukxjkt 'kekZ½ tSM+hvsdkafd;ka eka; fol;ka jh fofo/krk ns[k.k uSfeyS vj okajS dkj.k vS vkijS ikBd jS fg;SrkabZ iwxSA

lkfgR;dkj vkijh dye lwa tn lcnfp=ke mdsj*j vkijh Hkkoukoka jh vfHkO;fDrikBdka lkaEgh djS m.kuS js[kkfp=kejs[kkfp=kejs[kkfp=kejs[kkfp=kejs[kkfp=ke dSbZtSAftdkS dke vsd fp=dkj vkijh rqfydk vjjax jS LlkjS lwa djS okS bZt dke lkfgR;dkj

vkijh dye vj lcnka lwa djSA js[kkfp=keuS vaxzsth esa ^Ldsp* dS;kS tkoSA jpukdkyfoxr jh nhB lwa jktLFkkuh esa js[kkfp=kejpht.k jh ijEijk lu~ 1946&47 jS yxSVxSgq;hA Hkaojyky ukgVk jkS ykHkw dkdkS* b.kfoèkk jh iSyh jpuk ekuhtSA vktknh iNSb.k foèkk ekFkS lkarjkS dke gq;kS gSA b.kjSiNS twauk thork fprjke* ¼eqjyh/kj O;kl½]^lcM+dk* ¼Jhyky uFkey tks'kh½] ^ckuxh*¼Hkaojyky ukgVk½] mf.k;kjk*] vksG[kka.k*]^feu[kka jh ek;k* ¼f'kojkt Naxk.kh½] vVkjoka*¼cztukjk;.k iqjksfgr½] ckj[kM+h* ¼osn O;kl½]^;knka jk fprjke* ¼MkW- rkjky{e.k xgyksr½]^mf.k;kjk vksGwa r.kk* ¼vLrvyh [kka eydka.k½]vkn js[kkfp=keka jh QwBjh ijEijk lkaEghvk;hA vksGwa jS vk/kkj ekFkS tn jpukdkjvkijh Hkkoukoka vj fopkjka uS lgtrk lwaikBdka lkaEgh jk[kS] rkS m.kuS laLej.klaLej.klaLej.klaLej.klaLej.k jkSukao nsbZtSA laLej.kka jkS vk/kkj feu[k]?kVuk] tk=k vkn gks; ldSA MkW- useukjk;.ktks'kh jkS vksGwa jh vf[k;krka*] MkW- rkjky{e.kxgyksr jkS ^vksGwa jh vkjlh*] euksgj flagjkBkSM+ jkS ;knka jkS >jks[kkS*] vUukjke lqnkekjkS ^vkax.k lwa vukZdqye* vj ^nwj fnlkoj*tSM+k laLej.k fljS gSA

^fjiksVZ* jkS fodflr :i fjiksrkZtfjiksrkZtfjiksrkZtfjiksrkZtfjiksrkZtlkfgfR;d fo/kk jkS :i fy;kSA de lwa delcnka eka; fooj.k izLrqr dj.kkS fjiksrkZtjh lQGrk ekuhT;kS gSA jktLFkkuh lkfgR;eka; fjiksrkZt fouksn lksekuh gal jkS ^vsdfnu vkijkS*] dq'kydj.k jkS ^vkokS gFkkbZdjka*] jkefuokl jkS rhu c;ku*] iq#"kksÙkeNaxk.kh jkS ^gkFk djhankS fny jkS nfj;ko*]ek/ko 'kekZ jkS ctkj iêS*] pkSM+S tsc iêS*]eqjyh/kj 'kekZ jkS uxj exjS jkS*] vtc?kjeuM+S jkS* vkn vkoSA

thouh vj vkredFkk jS {ks= eka;jktLFkkuh jpukdkjka jh dye lqLr jS;hA

174

^thouhthouhthouhthouhthouh* vj ^vkredFkkvkredFkkvkredFkkvkredFkkvkredFkk* tSM+h jpukoka?k.kh dksuh vk;hA vki.kk ckiwth* ¼JhykyuFkey tks'kh½] f'kopUæ Hkjfr;k* ¼MkW- fdj.kukgVk½] nsl jk xkSjo*] Hkkjr jk fujekrk*¼nhun;ky vks>k½] êgkohj jh vksG[kk.k*¼'kkUrk Hkkukor½] êgkiqjlka jh thof.k;ka*¼xksfoUn yky ekFkqj½] Hkxoku egkohj* ¼MkW-u`flag jktiqjksfgr½ tSM+h jpukoka lkaEghvk;h gSA eukst dqekj Lokeh jh vkredFkk^[kspG vj [kspG* vkredFkk jS ys[kS uwaohigy dS;h tk; ldSA

jktLFkkuh eka; Vkcjka lk: Hkh x|&lkfgR; jkS fljt.k gq;kS gSA vkt b.k lk:?k.kkS bZ dke gks jS;kS gSA b.k isVS ckr djkarkS jktLFkkuh cky&lkfgR;cky&lkfgR;cky&lkfgR;cky&lkfgR;cky&lkfgR; jh fLFkfrBhdBkd eku ldkaA fot;nku nsFkk jh^ckrka jh QqyokM+h* ¼Hkkx&2½ esa Vkcjka lk:ilq&ia[ks#oka jh jkspd dFkkoka gSA b.kh Hkkarjk.kh y{ehdqekjh pwaMkor jh Vkcjka jh ckrka*]^gqadkjkS nks lk*] vUukjke lqnkek jkScky&miU;kl xkao jkS XkkSjo*] ;knosUæ 'kekZ^pUæ] jkS cky ukVd ^jktk ls[kfpYyh*]dj.khnku ckjgB jh jpuk ^f>afM;kS*] ch-,y- ekyh v'kkar* jk cky miU;kl fcykf.k;kSnknkS* vj nwf/k;k nkar*] euksgj flag jkBkSM+jh Ñfr Êgkjh iksFkh*] nhun;ky 'kekZ jh

Ñfr ^ckGi.kS jh ckrka*] ^la[kslj jk lhax*]lqjsUæflag 'ks[kkor jh cky dFkkÑfr] lkphlh[k* t;Ur fuokZ.k jh cky vsdkadh [kkX;kckG.ktksxk*] tsck j'khn jh êhBh ckrka*]MkW- uhjt nb;k jh ^tknw jkS isu*] Ñ".kdqekj vk'kq* ekVh jkS eksy*] f'kojkt Hkkjrh;jh ^jax jaxhykS EgkjkS nsl* vj êqjèkj vkbZfcj[kk jk.kh*] gjh'k ch- 'kekZ jkS cky ukVd^lrksfG;kS*] enu xksiky y<+k jh ^liuS jhlh[k*] nqykjke lgkj.k jh fØdsV jkS dksM*]jkethyky ?kksM+syk jkS ^tknw jkS fpjkx]*eukst Lokeh jh ^rkrM+S jk vkalw*] Ñ".kdqekj ckanj jh >xM+ fcykso.kkS [kkVh Nk*]jktwjke fctkjf.k;ka jh dqpeknh Vkcj* vjxkSjh'kadj dqypUæ jh ckydFkk Ñfr iNrkokS*vkn Ñfr;ka jktLFkkuh cky&lkfgR; uSjkrkS&ekrkS djÓkS gSA b.kjS vykok dsbZi=&if=dkoka eka; b.k isVS fljt.k yxksyxgks jS;kS gSA

jktLFkkuh x| jkS foxlko cxr lk:gqaorkS jS;kS gSA b.k cxr x| ys[ku jhijEijk lkarjh jS;h gSA twuS lkfgR; eka;ckr vj [;kr lkfgR; eka; [kwc fy[khT;kSgSA vktknh jS iNS rkS jktLFkkuh jkS vkèkqfuddkG ?k.kkS bZ lcG vj lkarjkS gq;kSA

zz


fodGikÅ i³wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ i³wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ i³wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ i³wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ i³wÙkj okGk loky1-lR;izdk'k tks'kh jh pkoh iksFkh dq.klh gS&

¼v½ eku[kkS ¼c½ jkenwr¼l½ jk/kk ¼n½ yhyVkal

¼ ½

175

2- ^cknGh* fd.k dfo jh jpuk gS\¼v½ pUæflag fcjdkGh ¼c½ dUgS;kyky lsfB;k¼l½ ukuwjke laLdrkZ ¼n½ dY;k.kflag jktkor

¼ ½

3- jktLFkkuh jkS iSyM+kS miU;kl dq.klkS gS&¼v½ esoS jk :a[k ¼c½ rhMkS jko¼l½ dud lqUnj ¼n½ /kkM+oh ¼ ½

4- jktLFkkuh ukVd vj ukVddkj dq.klkS lgh gS&¼v½ rkl jkS ?kj& cæhizlkn ¼c½ eqxrhca/k.k& ch-,y- ekyh¼l½ teyhyk& ;knosUæ 'kekZ pUæ* ¼n½ /kjetq)& MkW- vtqZunso pkj.k

¼ ½lko NksVk i³wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk i³wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk i³wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk i³wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk i³wÙkj okGk loky1- jktLFkkuh jh iSyh dgk.kh vj dgk.khdkj dq.k gS\2- lclwa iSyh jktLFkkuh Hkklk jkS mYys[k dq.k] fd.kesa] fd.k :i esa djÓkS\3- MkW- lhrkjke ykGl jS eqtc jktLFkkuh lkfgR; jkS vk/kqfud dkG dn lwa ekuhtS\4- jktLFkkuh jkS mn~Hko fd.k viHkzal lwa ekU;kS tkoS\

NksVk i³wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk i³wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk i³wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk i³wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk i³wÙkj okGk loky1- jktLFkkuh izÑfr dkO; ekFkS vkijh Vhi ekaMkSA2- vk/kqfud jktLFkkuh dkO; jh [kkl jhrka dkabZ jS;h] m.kjkS [kqyklkS djkSA3- vk/kqfud jktLFkkuh ukVd ijEijk ekFkS vkijk fopkj jk[kSA4- jktLFkkuh dgk.kh jk izeq[k dgk.khdkjka vj dgkf.k;ka jkS oj.kko djkSA

ys[k :i i³wÙkj okGk lokyys[k :i i³wÙkj okGk lokyys[k :i i³wÙkj okGk lokyys[k :i i³wÙkj okGk lokyys[k :i i³wÙkj okGk loky1- jktLFkkuh Hkklk jS mn~Hko vj fodkl ekFkS lkarjkS ys[k fy[kkSA2- jktLFkkuh x| lkfgR; jh [kkl&[kkl fo/kkoka fx.kkork Fkdk m.kka ekFkS Vhi jk[kkSA3- vk/kqfud jktLFkkuh dkO; jh ewy jhrka vj dkO;&:ika jkS oj.ku djkSA

176

jktLFkkuh O;kdj.k&jpukjktLFkkuh O;kdj.k&jpukjktLFkkuh O;kdj.k&jpukjktLFkkuh O;kdj.k&jpukjktLFkkuh O;kdj.k&jpuk

Hkklk fopkjka uS izxV dj.k jkS ywaBkS lk/ku gSA vkijk fopkjka uS izxV dj.k jS dkj.k feu[klxGh thoktw.k lwa fljS ekuhtSA eu esa fopkj vkoS dS vkf[kj Hkklk bZ dBS lwa vkbZA HkklkuS c.kko.k okGkS dq.k\ dkabZ oS[kjh ok.kh lwa bZ'oj b.kuS c.kk;kS] dkabZ l`f"V fljt.k jS lkFkSbZ feu[k uS ojnku l:i Hkklk feGh\ ;k iNS feu[k [kqn m.kjkS fljt.k djÓkSA b;wa ns[kkarkS lxGkS txr bZLoj jkS fljT;ksM+kS gS] i.k m.kuS vkxS c/kko.k esa fufeÙk rkS feu[k bZ c.kSAosnka jh Hkklk lwa ys;*j vkt rkabZ jS HkklkbZ fodlko jk cM+&:a[k uS futjka ilkj ns[kka vjlkspka rkS tk.kka dS Hkklk uS c.kko.k okGkS feu[k bZ gSA vj vkt rkS HkklkbZ fodlko esafeu[k brjkS vkxS c/kX;kS dS xwaxk&cksGk vj vka/kk feu[k bZ vkijk fopkjka uS ?k.kh b/kdkbZlwa nwtS yx iwxk; ldS ;k U;kjh fyfi lwa Hkklk uS ijksV*j i<&fy[k*j nwtka jS cjkscj ÅHkkgks; ldSA ljhj ;k dk;k lwa detksj gS] i.k X;ku esa ykjS dksuh jSoSA m.kjS duS Hkklk jhvkijh fyfi gS vj vkS lxGkS tl&vatl feu[k jh lksp uS tkoSA Hkklk lapkj jk lk/kukaesa lclwa egrkÅ lk/ku gS ft.kjS ik.k feu[k vkijS eu jh ckrka] vkijk fopkjka uS nwtS lkaEghjk[k ldSA Hkklk jS eka; bZ ok f[kerk gS ft.klwa feu[k vkijk X;ku jkS ys.k&ns.k dj ldSA^Hkklk* lcn nsook.kh laLÑr jS ^Hkk"k~* /kkrw lwa c.;kSA b.kjkS vjFk izxVko ;k njlko gSAft.klwa feu[k vkijk fopkjka vj Hkkoka uS njlkoS ;k izxV djS] m.kuS Hkklk dSoSA fopkjka uSizxV dj.k jkS ywaBkS lk/ku gS HkklkA laLÑr lclwa twuh Hkklk ekuhtS] T;wa osnka lwa twukadksbZ xzaFk dksuhA laLÑr lwa bZ ikfy] izkÑr] viHkzal vkn Hkklkoka lwa vkt jh vk/kqfudHkklkoka jkS tye gks;kS m.kesa jktLFkkuh vsd gSA jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh vkijh O;kdj.k gSAO;kdj.k lwa Hkklk jh ikj[k djhtS] dwar gqoSA HkklkbZ O;kdj.k jk vkijk dha fu;e gksoSAHkklk jh idM+ O;kdj.k fcuk uha vkoSA

fd.kh bZ Hkklk jS O;kdj.k&xzaFkka esa eksVS :i lwa rhu rÙoka ekFkS fopkj djhtS&oj.k] lcn vj okD;A jktLFkkuh jh vkijh oj.kekGk gSA lcn vj /ofu;ka gSA b.k jkO;kdj.k xzaFkka esa laKk] ljouke] fyax] opu] dkjd] folsl.k] fØ;k] lekl] izR;;]miljx] vusdkjFkh lcn] foykse lcn] yksdksfDr;ka vj eqgkojka lxGka jkS [kqyklkSdjhT;kS gSA jkedj.k vklksik vj lhrkjke ykGl tSM+k fo}kuka jk O;kdj.k lwa jktLFkkuhHkklk jh [kjh dwar djhtSA ikslkGka esa i<.k okGk Vkcjka okLrS jktLFkkuh jkS X;ku ?k.kkSt:jh gSA vk ek;M+ Hkklk gSA

i;kZ;okph dS lekukjFkh lcni;kZ;okph dS lekukjFkh lcni;kZ;okph dS lekukjFkh lcni;kZ;okph dS lekukjFkh lcni;kZ;okph dS lekukjFkh lcnek;M+ Hkklk jh f[kerk uS tk.k.k okLrS vsd tSM+k vjFk uS izxV dj.k okGk dha lekukjFkhlcnka jh ckr vBS dj.kh pkowa] ft.kka uS vkt jh Hkklk esa i;kZ;okph lcn dSokaA fd.kh Hkko]fopkj ;k oLrq folsl jkS X;ku djko.k okLrS] oj.kko okLrS] le>ko.k okLrS] vsd bZ lcnuS U;kjk&U;kjk <ax lwa crko.k jh njdkj iM+SA okD; esa gjsd ckj m.kht lcn jkS iz;ksxjS;&jS;*j uha djhtS] m.kjS tSM+kS m.kh jS vjFk okGkS uwaokS lcn dke esa yso.k lwa HkklkflejFk c.kSA Hkklk jh b/kdkbZ vj QwVjkiS esa c/kkikS djS m.kjk lcnA vS lekukjFkh lcnbZ i;kZ;okph lcn gSA dha i;kZ;okph lcnka jk nk[kyk vBS fnjht jS;k gS&

177

vkdjkS & [kkjkS] rst] rkrkS] jhlkGw] djM+kSvxu & vkx] oSluj] gqrkl.k] ikod] vuGvka[k & uS.k] ykspu] p[k] usrj] fnzxcdjh & NkGh] VkV] vtk] ?kksuh] cdjM+hcknG & tGgj] es?k] vHkz] cGkgd] vHkzckanjkS & yaxwj] okuj] dfi] ekdM+] ejdVcqf) & es/kk] efr] le>] vdy] cq/kHkaojkS & Hkzej] eq/kdj] lkjax] papjhd] HkzaxHkkykS & ustks] lsy] =Hkkx] dwar] cjNkSpkan & pUæ] lfl] e;ad] bUnq] dGkfu/kQwy & dqlqe] lqeu] iqgqi] iqli] izlwux< & fdykS] dksV] HkqjtkG] nqjx] jkoGkSxk; & xkS] /ksu] lqjfHk] L=ax.kh] xÅ?kj & lnu] Hkou] xsg] fudsr.k] /kke?kksM+kS & ieax] gSoj] dsdka.k] g;] ia[kkGgkFkh & xt] xSoj] eSaxG] dqatj] o;aMfgj.k & fejx] dqjax] fejxykS] ,s.k] lkjaxtks/kkS & lwjek] HkM+] lqHkV] ohj] lwjdVkjh & /kkjkGh] f=tM+] ck<kG] teMk<] vf.k;kGhdey & ine] vjfoan] iadt] iq.Mjhd] dqlsl;fdj.k & jf'e] e;w[k] dj] ejhph] valqfeu[k & vkneh] ekuo] euqt] fezryksdh] ujewj[k & ew<] efrean] fxaokj] tM+] lBeksj & e;wj] lkjax] fl[kh] dGkih] dsdhunh & rjax.kh] ijcrtk] uh>j.kh] rV.kh] os.khiou & ck;jks] ok;q] ek#r] lehj.k] gokigkM+ & Mwaxj] Hkk[kj] ijcr+] lSy] fxj] vuM+ia[ks: & fogx] [kx] nqt] vaMt] iaNhik.kh & uhj] tG] mnd] i;] lfyyjktk & eghir] v/kir] HkwikG] Hkwi] uzijkr & fulk] jtuh] relk] foHkkojh] f[kik:a[k & isM+] fcjN] cz[k] foVi] nzqeL=h & vcyk] ukj] efgyk] frfj;k] oyHkkleqæ & fla/kw] lkxj] lenj] mnf/k] vj.kolji & ukx] fo[k/kj] iuax] O;kG] Q.khfla?k & lknwG] dsgjh] yadkG] ezxir] e;anlwj & Mk<kGkS] okjkg] nkarfM+;kG] vsdy] fxM+

178

lwjt & lw;Z] Hkka.k] irax] vknhr] ekjraM] Hkkuqlsuk & QkSt] nG] dVd] okg.kh] prqjax.khrjokj & Øik.k] chtGlkj] [kkx] djokG] pUægklrhj & lj] cka.k] ukjkp] ia[kkG] fofl[kÅaV & djgkS] egh;kS] ikaxG] MxjkS] ikdsVou & vj.;] taxG] vVoh] jksgh] dkuu

foykse lcnfoykse lcnfoykse lcnfoykse lcnfoykse lcnjkr & fnupks[kkS & HkwaMkSvkHkkS & irkGvko.kkS & tko.kkStye & ej.kHkykS & cqjkSlkap & dwM+xk; & cGnlS.k & nqlehcsVkS & csVhvka/kkS & lw>rkSiwue & vekollwjt & pkandkG & lqdkGjkso.kkS & gal.kkSvxq.kkS & vkFkq.kkS/kqjkow & fn[k.kknuQkS & uqdlk.kckGd & cw<kSvkijkS & ijk;kStk.k & vtk.kdkGkS & /kksGkSvar & vkfnlaxr & vlaxrfol & bejr[kkjkS & ehBkSeku & viekuxq.k & vkSxq.klqHk & vlqHktl & vitl

MkaQj & ywcM+.kkS & fudG.kkSnksjkS & lksjkSvkxykS & ykjykSlqj & vlqjjkx & fojkxfl;kGkS & ÅukGkSfotksx & latksxuSM+kS & vGxkSeksM+kS & csxkS/k.kh & yqxkbZQwVjkS & dkstkSxq.k & vkSxq.kyksd & ijyksd[kko.kkS & iho.kkSxkMj & eha<kSfujksxh & jksxhixkafFk;kS & fljkafFk;kSfc[kj.kkS & te.kkSlsod & Lokehjktk & jadvaoGkS & laoGkSBe.kkS & cSo.kkSmtkl & va/kkjkSnkrkj & datwlÅaV & lka<vkFk.k & fnuwxSjksx & fujksx[;kr & dq[;krtho.k & ej.k

179

eqgkojk vj vks[kk.kkaeqgkojk vj vks[kk.kkaeqgkojk vj vks[kk.kkaeqgkojk vj vks[kk.kkaeqgkojk vj vks[kk.kkaeqgkojk vj vks[kk.kk Hkklk jk izk.k gSA vS Hkklk eka; xkxj esa lkxj jkS dke djSA vka jSeka;uS xSjkS vjFk vj tho.k jk [kkjk&ehBk vuqHko gqoSA tho.k esa ?kfVr ?kVukoka vj lkaphckrka tqxka&tqxka rkabZ eku[kS uS lh[k jS :i esa uhfr jS :i esa rkS O;ogkj i[k uS mtkxjdj.k jk yksd okD;] vks[kk.kk] dSor jS :i esa yksdpkok gks; tkoSA vkijh Hkklk uS vljnkjc.kko.k okLrS eku[kkS vka eqgkojk vj vks[kk.kka jkS iz;ksx djSA eqgkojkS vjch Hkklk jkS lcngSA mnwZ lwa jktLFkkuh esa vj nwth Hkklkoka esa b.kjkS iz;ksx gkso.k ykxkSA vjch esa b.kjkS vjFkcksypky esa dke vko.k okGkS dFku gSA eqgkojkS lcnka jkS vSM+ks ca/k gS ftdkS vkijh f[kerk]Hkkoka] cq.kxV] ljlrk] lgtrk] lkjxq.k] Hkklk esa xfr vkn xq.kka lwa lk/kkj.k okD; uSvlkèkkj.k vj vljnkj c.kk; nsoSA

^vks[kk.kk* lwa lh/kkS vjFk yksd jh mfDr gS ftdh feu[k jk fgjnk lwa fudGS vj vkxSokGk jk fg;k esa bZ m.kh*t Hkkar vkijkS Hkko NksMSA Hkklk ea rh[kk ck.k jkS dke vS djSA vktvkika vkauS fdrkcka esa i<ka vj daBka <kG.k jk tru djka tndS vS rkS iSyh lwa bZ xkaokbZeku[kS jS daBka esa vkn vukn dkG lwa thaorh gSA okauS i<*j ;kn dj.k jh njdkj dksuhAvS mfDr;ka rkS m.kka jS tho.k jkS vax gSA Hkklk esa jP;ksM+h&iP;ksM+h gSA gjsd dgkor ;kvks[kk.kk jS ykjS vsd ?kVuk ;k ckr tqM+ÓksM+h gksoSA vks[kk.kk vj eqgkojk esa dha Hksn gSAvks[kk.kk vi.kS vki esa iwj.k okD; gS] tndS eqgkojkS okD; jkS val gSA vks[kk.kk jkS iz;ksxgjesl vsd vjFk esa gqoS tndS eqgkojk esa fØ;k inka] fØ;kFkZd laKk esa cnGko djÓkS tk;ldSA vks[kk.kk vjFk jh nhB lwa vkiS bZ iwj.k gksoS tndS eqgkojk okD; ekFkS vkfJr gksoSAokD; jS lkFkS tqM+.k lwa m.kjkS :i vj BkSM+ lokbZ gksoSA iwj.k okD; gkso.k jS dkj.k vks[kk.kkaesa vjFkcks/k gksoS] izlax lesr ?kVuk ;k O;fDr jh tka.kdkjh m.klwa feGS] i.k eqgkojkokD;kal gkso.k jS dkj.k fd.kh folsl vjFk jS :i esa iz;ksx gksoSA

vks[kk.kka jkS :i eqgkojka lwa cMkS gksoSA tho.k jh gjsd vax] izØfr vj ?kVuk jkSoj.kko vka vks[kk.kka vj eqgkojka esa djhT;kS gSA dha eqgkojk vBS nk[kyk l:i fnjht jS;kgS&1- vax&vax eqGd.kkS & ?k.kkS jkth gkso.kkS2- the.kkS gkFk c.k.kkS & enn :i esa dke vko.kkS3- vdy jkS nqleh & ewj[k] csodwQ] fcuk lksP;ka dke dj.kkS4- vdy jk ?kksM+k nkSM+k.kk & lksp.k esa ?k.kh [kSpy dj.kh] vVdGka yxk.kh5- vka[k fn[kko.kkS & Mjko.kkS] jksc >kM+.kkS6- vka[;ka ekFkS iM+nkS iM+.kkS & yksHk jS dkj.k lkap uha nh[k.kkS7- gkFk jkS esy gkso.kkS & rqPN ;k R;kx djS tSM+h oLrq8- ekFkkS ewaM.kkS & ewj[k c.kk;*j Bx.kkS9- gkFk ihGk dj.kk & csVh jkS C;ko dj.kkS10- ik.kh&ik.kh gkso.kkS & yktka ej.kkS] yt[kk.kkS iM+.kkS11- ik.kh okGk >kx & csxk bZ [kre gkso.k okGk] fn[kkokS] >wB12- ?kk.kh jkS cGn & lSax fnu dke esa ykX;ksM+kS jSo.kkS

180

13- thaorh ek[kh fxV.kh & vU;k; lgu dj.kkS14- Åanjk FkM+h djS & ?kj esa lkeku uha gkso.kkS] fuj/kurk gkso.kh15- ?kksM+k csp*j lkso.kkS & usgpS jh uhan] dha Mj&HkkS uha gkso.kkS16- lkai uS nw/k iko.kkS & nqLV jkS midkj dj.kkS17- feUuh jS Hkkx lwa NhadkS VwV.kkS & latksx lwa dke c.k.kks18- vkHkS esa Qwy mxko.kk & Mhax ekj.kkS] dksjh dYiuk dj.kh19- dks< esa [kkt gkso.kh & vsd nq[k ekFkS nwtkS nq[k vko.kkS20- dwoS Hkkax iM+xh & lxGka jh er ekjht.kh] lc jh cq/k ckoGh gkso.khA21- BksyS lkxS dokS nso.kkS & rkuk ekj&ekj* theko.kkS22- fjfi;S dokS [koko.kkS & vknj vj vi.kk;r lwa theko.kkS23- eu paxk rkS dBkSrh esa xaxk& eu lkQ gkso.kkS] fujeG gkso.kkS24- cSBka lwa csxkj Hkyh & Bkyka cSBka fcpS de nke esa dha dke dj.kkS25- nkSM+rk pksj jh yaxksV bZ vkNh& uha feGS m.klwa feGS tdkS bZ pks[kkS26- esaMdh uS tqdke gkso.kkS & dke dj.k okLrS u[kjk dj.kkS27- ewaMS ns[kh izhr & fn[kkoVh izse dj.kkS28- ewat cGxh i.k cV uha x;kS& izfr"Bk x;ka iNS bZ ?keaM dk;e jk[k.kkS29- peM+h tk; i.k neM+h u tk;& ?k.kkS datwl gkso.kkS30- gkFkh jk nkar [kko.k jk vkSj fn[kko.k jk vkSj & dSoS dha vj djS dha31- fca/kX;k lks eksrh & HkkX; lwa tks fefG;kS m.kuS eku lwa vaxst.kkS32- Mkd.k csVk ysoS dS nsoS & nqLV lwa HkykabZ jh vkl uha dj.kh33- Mwaxj rkS vGxk lwa jfG;ko.kk ykxS & eksVk feu[kka lwa dke iM+Óka Bkg ykxS34- ckaMh ekFkS ix nso.kkS & nqLV lwa jkM+ eksy yso.kh] tk.k*j ekSr cqGko.kh35- csGk jk ck;ksM+k eksrh uhitS& leS ij djÓksM+kS dke vkNkS QG nsoS36- iwr jk ix iky.kS nhlS & y[k.kka jkS irkS pky.kkS37- ÅaV jS ewaMS esa thjkS & dha vlj uha gkso.kkS38- gkFkh ykjS dqÙkk Hkqlrk jSoS & ijokg uha dj.kh] vkijk gky esa eLr jSo.kkS39- vka[k jkS rkjkS & ykMslj] OgkykS ykx.kkS40- jke I;kjkS gkso.kkS & lqjxoklh gkso.kkS41- dS;ka dqaHkkj x/kS uha p<S & ckr uha eku.kh42- vka/kka esa dk.kkS jktk & ewj[kka esa vYicqf) okGS jh iwN gkso.h43- ?kj jkS Hksnw yadk <koS & vkiljh jh QwV esa iksy [kksy.kh44- ukao eksVk njl.k [kksVk & dwM+kS tl] xq.kka jh [kkeh45- fjfi;S fcuk cq/k ckiM+h & feu[k jh le> fjfi;ka lwa rkSyhtSA46- nw/k jkS nw/k&ik.kh jkS ik.kh & U;ko dj.kkS47- /kksGkS /kksGkS nw/k tk.k.kkS & lcuS vkijS ljh[kkS tk.k.kkS] gjsd jkS foLokl dj.kkS48- nkar Hkhap.kk & nq[k uS lgu dj.kkS49- ckdkS QkV.kkS & vpwEHkkS dj.kkS50- vka[;ka QkV.kh & foLokl uha gkso.kkS] vpjt gkso.kkS

181

51- vki ejÓka tqx ijGS & ejÓka iNS dq.k ns[k.k uS vkoS] ykjyh fpark uha52- vki ejÓka bZ lqjx feGS & [kqn jkS dke [kqn uS bZ dj.kkS iM+S53- dka.kh jkS dktG dk<.kkS & LokjFk uha iwjhtS54- dktG dk<.kkS & nxkS dj.kkS] Bx.kkS55- jhr jkS jk;rkS dj.kkS & ijEijk jkS fuHkko56- iksnhukS fc[ksj.kkS & >wBh cMkbZ] vdy crko.kh

vks[kk.kka jh ckuxhvks[kk.kka jh ckuxhvks[kk.kka jh ckuxhvks[kk.kka jh ckuxhvks[kk.kka jh ckuxh1- ?k.kkS gsr VwV.k uS eksVh vka[k QwV.k uS & lc ljksljh QkcSA2- ewaMS jk nkar ewaMS esa pks[kk ykxS & vkijh BkSM+ ekFkS eku jSoSA3- ?k.kh xbZ FkksM+h jS;h ft.k eka;*Å fNu&fNu tk;& ljhj ukloku gSA4- ?kjS vk;kS eka jkS tk;kS & ?kjS vk;ksM+k jkS HkkbZ ft;ka vknj dj.kkS5- tkxS lks ikoS lksoS lks [kksoS & lkopsr gkso.k jkS ykHk vj vkGlh gkso.kkS gk6- ewG lwa C;kt okYgkS ykxS & ewy fLFkj /ku gS] C;kt jde uS yxksyx cèkkoS7- Vkcj [kkoS gkM c/kkoS] eksVÓkj [kkoS ?k.kkS dekoS] cw<kS [kkoS vsGkS tkoS & voLFkk ijok.kS [kqjkd dke vkoS8- ckGdka jkS lh cdfj;k pjS & Vkcjka uS ljnh uha ykxS] D;wadS jeS&dwnS9- ek;k Fkkjk rhu uke Qwlks] QjlkS] Qjljke & feu[k jkS eksy ibZlka lwa djhtS10- vkbZ ewaNka fd.kuS iwNka & eksVÓkj gks;ka Vkcj vkijS eu jh djS11- VhVksM+h lean myhfp;kS dS ijokjka jS ika.k & vkijS HkkbZ&lS.kka jS lkFk lwa Fkkdy

tho bZ eksVkS dke dj ldSAlaxG.k jh ckr gSA

12- Fkkoj dhtS Fkkiuk cq/k dhtS oSokj & Fkji.kk okLrS 'kfuokj pks[kkS fVdkÅgksoS vj ys.k&ns.k oSokj okLrScq/kokj

13- vkHkkS ÅapkS vkaxGh uha ykxS & cl uha pkyS] tksj uha pkyS] ijclgkso.kkS

14- rsy rkS fryka lwa fudGlh & ibZlkS vklkeh duS bZ feylh] f[kerkokau lwa f[kerk jh mEehn gkso.khA

15- [kko.kkS eka jS gkFk jkS gksokS HkykabZ tSj bZ cl.kkS Hkk;ka fcpkGS gksokS HkykabZ cSj bZ cSB.kkS ekSdS jh fN;ka] gksokS HkykabZ dSj bZ cSo.kkS ekjx&ekjx] gksokS HkykabZ nsj bZ & lh[k jh ckr16- ixka fn;ksM+h xkaB gkFkka lwa dksuh [kqyS & ckr&ckr esa vSM+kS mG>ko.kkS dS ckr

lqG>S bZ dksuhA17- dha ?kksM+ka jh ?kVS dha vlokj jh ?kVS & nksuwa i[kka jkS HkwaMkS ykx.kkSA18- iêS fy[kkbZ eksB&cktjh ekaxS pkoG&nkG & HkkX; esa fy[;ksM+kS bZ feGS

182

19- ialsjh esa ikap lsj jh Hkwy & lkjkS bZ xM+cM+ >kykS20- fg;S gksoS ftdh gksBka vkoS & eu jh ckr dS;ka fcuk uha jSbZtS21- gkFk iksykS rkS txr xksykS & ibZlk [kjpf.k;S jh lxGk gktjh HkjSA22- dqaokjh jS lkS ?kj lkS oj & lxi.kka jh iM+rkG esa fuLpS uha gkso.kkS23- pkap nh okS pqXxkS nsoS & bZLoj lxGka uS iks[kS24- Mkd.k gh vj ÅaVka p<xh & vU;k; dj.k esa lk/ku feGxkS] gwal

cèkxhA25- /kku [kkoS ekaVh jkS] xhr xkoS chjS jk & vSlku fd.kh vkSj jkS vj xq.k nwtS jk

xko.kkA Ñr?u gkso.kkSA

mYFkS jkS vH;klmYFkS jkS vH;klmYFkS jkS vH;klmYFkS jkS vH;klmYFkS jkS vH;kl

uhpS fy[;ksM+k x|kalka jkS jktLFkkuh esa mYFkkS djkS&uhpS fy[;ksM+k x|kalka jkS jktLFkkuh esa mYFkkS djkS&uhpS fy[;ksM+k x|kalka jkS jktLFkkuh esa mYFkkS djkS&uhpS fy[;ksM+k x|kalka jkS jktLFkkuh esa mYFkkS djkS&uhpS fy[;ksM+k x|kalka jkS jktLFkkuh esa mYFkkS djkS&1- ekrk ds Lusg esa firk ds leku izR;qidkj dh okluk Hkh ugha gSA n;k ekuks nsg&èkjs

lkeus vkdj [kM+h gks tkrh gSA VwVh&QwVh >ksiM+h esa tc ewlyk/kkj ikuh cjl jgkgSA Qwl dk VkV lc vksj ls ,slk Vidrk gS fd dgha fry&Hkj Hkh txg ugha cphgSA daxkyh ds dkj.k bruk diM+k&yÙkk ikl ugha fd vki vks<+s] vk/kh ls viusnqèkeq¡gs ckyd dks <kais ekrk mldks Nkrh ls yxk, gq, gSaA vius izk.k vkSj nsg dhrfud Hkh fpUrk ugha gSA fdUrq okr vkSj o`f"V ls iq= dh jksxh vkSj vLoLFk n'kk esaiyax ds ikl cSBh euekjs mldk eq¡g rkd jgh gSA jkr dks uhan vkSj Hkkstu Hkh nq"djgks x;k gSA Hkkafr&Hkkafr dh feUursa eukrh gSA ;g ekrk gh gS] tks iq= ds LokHkkfodLusg esa brus nq%[k lgrh gSA

2- /kjrh ekrk dh xksn esa tks vewY; fuf/k;ka Hkjh gSa ftuds dkj.k og olqU/kjk dgykrhgS] mlls dkSu ifjfpr u gksuk pkgsxkA yk[kksa&djksM+ksa o"kks± ls vusd izdkj dhèkkrqvksa dks i`Foh ds xHkZ esa iks"k.k feyk gSA fnu&jkr cgus okyh ufn;ksa us igkM+ksadks ihl&ihl dj vufxur izdkj dh fefê;ksa ls i`Foh dh nsg dks ltk;k gSA gekjsHkkoh vkfFkZd vH;qn; ds fy, bu lc dh tk¡p&iM+rky vR;Ur vko';d gSA i`Fohdh xksn esa tUe ysus okys [kM+iRFkj dq'ky f'kfYi;ksa ls laokjs tkus ij vR;UrlkSUn;Z dk izrhd cu tkrs gSaA ukuk Hkkafr ds vux<+ ux foa/; dh ufn;ksa ds izokgesa lw;Z dh èkwi ls fpydrs jgrs gSaA

3- ,d jktk f'kdkj [ksyrk gqvk taxy esa HkVd x;kA laxh&lkFkh ihNs NwV x;sA I;klls O;kdqy jktk ,d cqf<+;k dh >ksiM+h esa x;kA cqf<+;k us vius [ksr ds xUus dkjl fudky dj dVksjk Hkjk] mls jktk dks ihus gsrq ns fn;kA jktk dks og jl ve`rtSlk yxkA jktk r`Ir gksdj pyk x;kA jkt/kkuh esa igq¡p dj xUus dh [ksrh ij

183

mlus Hkkjh dj yxk fn;kA la;ksx ls nwljh ckj Hkh jktk HkVd dj mlh cqf<+;k dsikl x;kA vkt cqf<+;k ds xUus dk jl jktk dks mruk ehBk ,oa Lokfn"V ugha yxkAjktk us dkj.k iwNk rks cqf<+;k us dgk fd ;gk¡ ds jktk dh uh;r [kjkc gks xbZ gSftlls jl ds ehBkl esa Hkh varj vk x;k gSA jktk dk flj ykt ls >qd x;kA

4- ftuds ân; esa Hkkjr dh lsok ds Hkko gksa ;k tks HkkjrHkwfe dks Lora= ns[kus ;kLokèkhu cukus dh bPNk j[krs gksa] mUgsa mfpr gS fd xzkeh.k laxBu djds] Ñ"kdksadh n'kk lqèkkj dj] muds ân; ls HkkX; fuHkZjrk dks gVk dj m|ksxh cukus dh f'k{kknsaA dy&dkj[kkus] jsyos] tgkt rFkk [kkuksa esa tgk¡ dgha Jethoh gksa] mudh n'kkdks lqèkkjus ds fy, Jethfo;ksa ds laxBu dh LFkkiuk dh tk,] rkfd mudks viuhvoLFkk dk Kku gks lds vkSj dkj[kkuksa ds ekfyd euekus vR;kpkj u dj ldsaA

5- cgqeq[kh izfrHkk ds /kuh johUæukFk us dfork] dgkuh] miU;kl] ukVd vkfn lHkhfoèkkvksa esa fy[kkA os dq'ky fp=dkj Hkh FksA ns'k&fons'k esa muds fp=ksa dh dbZizn'kZfu;k¡ Hkh gqb±A laxhr ls mudks xgjk vkSj vkReh; yxko FkkA mudh laxhrjpuk,¡] viuh fof'k"Vrk ds dkj.k cgqr yksdfiz; gqb±A caxky esa johUæ laxhr* ukels ,d ubZ laxhr 'kSyh dk izknqHkkZo gqvkA f'k{kk ds {ks= esa Hkh os ges'kk uohurk dsi{k/kj FksA

6- ,d lsB us gosyh fpuokbZA gosyh rS;kj gks tkus ij mlesa fHkfÙk fp= cuok, x,AlsB dk ,d ifjfpr Bkdqj gosyh ns[kus vk;k rks gosyh ds eq[;}kj ij ,dgfFk;kjcan igjsnkj dk fp= ns[kdj cksyk fd ;g fdldk fp= gSA lsB us etkdesa dg fn;k fd vkids ^ckckslk* dk gSA Bkdqj ukjkt gksus ds LFkku ij cksyk fdblds uhps mudk uke Hkh fy[kok nksA lsB us fp= ds uhps uke Hkh fy[kok fn;kABkdqj dqN o"kks± ckn iqu% lsB ds ikl vk;kA dq'ky{kse iwNus ds ckn Bkdqj us dgkfd eSa vius ckckslk dh ukSdjh dk fglkc ysus vk;k gw¡] lks fnyok nhft,A lsB usiwNk& dSlh ukSdjh\ Bkdqj cksyk& vkidh gosyh cuh rc ls esjs ckckslk jkr&fnuigjk ns jgs gSa] rHkh dksbZ pksjh&pdkjh ;k Mkdk ugha iM+kA lsB us dgk& eSa fp=feVok nsrk gw¡A Bkdqj us dgk& Bhd gS] vkt rd fglkc dj nhft,A

zz


fodGikÅ i³wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ i³wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ i³wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ i³wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ i³wÙkj okGk loky1- ^tGgj* lcn fd.kjkS lekukjFkh lcn gS\

¼v½ cknG ¼c½ vka[k¼l½ vxu ¼n½ pkan

¼ ½

184

2- ^vka[k jkS rkjkS* eqgkojk jkS vjFk gS&¼v½ lqjxoklh gkso.kkS ¼c½ vU;k;h gkso.kkS¼l½ ykMslj dS OgkykS ykx.kkS ¼n½ jksc >kM+.kkS

¼ ½3- ^fjfi;ka fcuk cq/k ckiM+h* vks[kk.kkS fd.k vjFk esa dghtS\

¼v½ fjfi;k vj cq) jkS esG dksuh ¼c½ ewj[kka esa FkksM+kS le>nkj gkso.kkS¼l½ feu[k jh le> fjfi;ka lwa rksyhtS ¼n½ fjfi;ka fcuk ijcl gkso.kkS

¼ ½4- ^vkfn* lcn jkS foykse lcn gS&

¼v½ vkjEHk ¼c½ vxok.kh¼l½ var ¼n½ fuLlkj

¼ ½lko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- ^gqrkl.k* lcn jk nks i;kZ;okph lcn fy[kkSA2- ^^vU;k; dj.k jkS lk/ku feG.kkS] gwal c/kxhA** b.kesa fdlkS vks[kk.kkS dghtS\3- ^^vki ejÓka bZ lqjx feGS** eqgkojk jkS okD; iz;ksx djkSA4- ^dk;j* jkS foykse lcn dkabZ gksoS\

NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- i;kZ;okph lcn fd.kuS dSoS\ ÅaV jk rhu i;kZ;okph lcn fy[kkSA2- eqgkojka jkS Hkklk esa dkabZ egÙo gksoSA b.kuS nk[kyk lsrh le>kokSA3- vks[kk.kkka vj eqgkojka esa dkabZ Hksn gksoS\4- uhpS fy[;ksM+k lcnka jk i;kZ;okph lcn fy[kkS&

dey] ?kj] xk;] pkan] ik.kh] iou] vka[k] Qwy] HkaojkS5- vka lcnka jk foykse lcn fy[kkS&

dkGkS] lkap] vU;ko] jkr] vxq.kkS] tqye

ys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- ^eqgkojk* jkS vjFk dkabZ gksoSA Hkklk esa b.kka jS eSro vj folslrkoka jkS oj.kko djkSA2- Hkklk lwa vki dkabZ le>kSA tho.k esa Hkklk jkS egÙo vj Hkklk esa O;kdj.k jkS eSro

le>kokSA3- vks[kk.kka jkS lalkj fujkGkS gSA b.kka jkS egÙo crkorka Fkdka dha VkGoka vks[kk.kka lwa vkijh

ckr iq[rk djkSA4- uhpS fy[;ksM+k eqgkojka jk vjFk crkork Fkdka b.kka jkS okD; esa iz;ksx djkSA

¼v½ vka[;ka ekFkS iM+nkS iM+.kkS¼c½ gkFk jkS eSy gkso.kkS¼l½ ?kk.kh jkS cGn gkso.kkS¼n½ thaorh ek[kh fxV.kh

185

¼;½ dwoS Hkkax iM+.kh¼j½ fjfi;S dokS [koko.kkS¼y½ vkHkS esa Qwy mxko.kk¼o½ lkai uS nw/k iko.kkS¼'k½ dks< esa [kkt gkso.kh¼l½ esaMdh uS tq[kke gkso.kkS

5- uhpS fy[;ksM+k vks[kk.kka uS vjFkkorka Fkdka okD; iz;ksx djkS&¼v½ ewaMS jk nkar ewaMS bZ vksiSA¼c½ tkxS lks ikoS] lksoS lks [kksoSA¼l½ ckGdka jkS lh cdfj;k pjSA¼n½ VhVksM+h lean myhfp;kS dS ijokjka jS ika.kA¼;½ vkHkkS ÅapkS vkaxGh uha ykxSA¼j½ rsy rkS fryka lwa bZ fudGSA¼y½ ?kjS vk;kS eka jkS tk;kS cktSA¼o½ pksap nsoS ftdkS pqXxkS bZ ns*bZA¼'k½ Mkd.k gh vj ÅaVka p<xhA¼l½ daokjh jk lkS ?kj lkS ojA

186

jktLFkkuh Nan vj vyadkjjktLFkkuh Nan vj vyadkjjktLFkkuh Nan vj vyadkjjktLFkkuh Nan vj vyadkjjktLFkkuh Nan vj vyadkj

NanlkL= jh ikfjHkkfld :i lwabèkdh&bèkdh O;k[;k djhth gSA Egkjh tk.kesa Nanka jkS twukS :i osnka jh fjpkoka eka;vj ykSfdd :i esa yksd jh tqxka pkoh foèkkyksdxhrka esa futj vkoSA yksdxhrka jh HkykabZlkL=h; ifjHkklk dksuh] i.k y;] lqj] rky];fr vj xfr jS fcuk vS xk;htS bZ dksuhAdkO;lkL= jS eqtc oj.k] ek=k] ;fr] xfr]y;] lqj] rqdcanh jks fopkj djuS ftdhlcn&jpuk djh tkoS m.kuS Nan dSoSA Nanr; djÓksM+k oj.kka vj ek=koka esa jP;ksM+hvsd i| jpuk gSA b.kjh O;RifÙk laLÑr jkNn~ èkkrq lwa ekuhtSA b.kjks vjFk vko`Ùkdj.kks] jf{kr vj jkth dj.kks gqoSA fMaxGxhr Nan jktLFkkuh NanlkL= jh b/kdkbZgSA b.kjh eBksV U;kjh fudsoGh gS vj b.k jkdsbZ Hksn&miHksn gSA fMaxG Nanka jh NVk lwaNanlkL= ?k.kkS flej/k gks;kS gSA

jktlHkkoka esa jktdfo;ka jh fo#nkoyhjk Nan] tq) jk eSnku esa ohjka jh gwaltxko.k [kkrj ohjrk jk Nan vj dhjr jkc[kk.k dS iNS tl&vitl uS mtkxj dj.kokGk Nanka lwa jktLFkkuh dkO; HkjÓksM+kS gSALrqfrijd jpuk bZ Nan dghtSA Lrqfr vkijSbLV nsork jh gqokS dS vkijS vkJ;nkrkokajh] ft.kesa m.kka jS xq.kka jk c[kk.k djhtS]Nanka jh vksGh esa vkoSA

^jko tSrlh jkS Nan*] ^j.keYy Nan*]^ekrkth jk Nan*] ^xksj[kukFkth jkS Nan*]^ikcwth jkS Nan* vkn jpukoka esa uk;d jSpfjrj jks iqjtksj oj.kko gq;kS gSA i|* vj^Nan* vsd vjFk esa bZ fyjhtSA Nan jkS vsdnwtkS vjFk cka/k.kkS ¼ca/ku½ bZ gqoSA Nanka jSfu;eka esa ca/k*j dfork uS BSjko] osx] jkxvj QwVjkikS feGSA unh ft.k Hkkar vkijS

nks; fdukjka esa caf/k;ksM+h osx jS lkFkS rkSdnSbZ mrjrh&p<rh] eaFkj xfr lwa r;ekjx ekFkS fujca/k cSorh leqanj esa jGtkoS] m.kh*t Hkkar Nan vkijh dfork esadkO; lkfgR; :ih egk leqanj jh NkSGka esaje tkoSA

Nanka jkS egÙoNanka jkS egÙoNanka jkS egÙoNanka jkS egÙoNanka jkS egÙoNanka jS eka; FkksM+k esa ?k.kkS dSo.k jh

f[kerk gSA xw< vj xSjkS vjFk le>ko.k jh[kSpy vS djSA laxhrkRedrk jkS xq.k gkso.kjS dkj.k lq.k.k esa vkNki.k ykxSA xs;rk jSdkj.k okrkoj.k uS ljl c.kkoSA vka Nanka jSehBkl esa eku[kkS ?kM+h Hkj vkijk nq[kM+kHkwy*j lq[k jh ?kfM+;ka fprkjSA dsbZ Nan fg;Sjk daoGk] ehBk] fujeG Hkkoka uS mtkxjdj.k okLrS cjrhtSA ekèkq;Z vj izlkn xq.kkalwa yckyc gks;ksM+k vka Nanka jh eku[kS uS?k.kh njdkj vkt bZ gSA D;wadS b.k vkjfFkdvj HkkSfrd tqx jkS feu[k lkafr pkoSA b.kvijksxh nqfu;k esa vi.kk;r pkoSA vsdykScSBkS feu[k jsfM;k] VsifjdkjMj lwa vSM+kNanka uS lq.k*j tho.k jh uhjl ?kfM+;ka uSljl c.kk; ldSA

vkst xq.kokGk ohj Nanka uS lq.kka rkSvkt bZ mf.k;kjk ekFkS ohj&Hkkoka jk lSyk.kns[;ka fcuk uha jSokaA Nanka esa ok rkdr gS]cwrkS gS dS ft.k jl jkS Nan cksyhtS ;ki<htS] mBS m.kh*t rjS jS Hkkoka jkS okrkoj.kc.k tkoSA jkx&jkxf.k;ka jkS vka Nanka lwaxSjks tqM+ko gSA lksjB] ekaM] eYgkj] jkx jkNan vkijS gsrkGw jS fg;S uS txko.k okGkgSA vka Nanka jh efgek c[kk.k djka ftÙkh bZFkksM+h gSA

Nanka jk HksnNanka jk HksnNanka jk HksnNanka jk HksnNanka jk HksnNanka jk dsbZ Hksn ekuhtS] i.k eksVS :i

187

lwa Nan nks; Hksnka esa ns[khtS&1- ekf=d Nan vj 2- ojf.kd NanA

1- ekf=d Nan1- ekf=d Nan1- ekf=d Nan1- ekf=d Nan1- ekf=d Nanft.k Nan esa ek=koka jh fx.krh djhtS] okSekf=d Nan ekuhtSA ek=koka jh fx.krh lwaNanka jh vksGÓka esa ;fr] xfr vj y; uSijksVrka ftdh jpuk djhtS] okS ekf=d NanekuhtSA nwgkS] pksikbZ] jksyk] mYykyk] NIi;]xhr] gfjxhfrdk vkn ekf=d Nanka jk nk[kykgSA

2- ojf.kd Nan2- ojf.kd Nan2- ojf.kd Nan2- ojf.kd Nan2- ojf.kd Nanft.kesa oj.kka jh fx.krh jS eqtc ;fr] xfrcjrhtS vj ek=koka jS vk/kkj ekFkS dkO;jpuk jkS fljt.k djhtS] m.kuS ojf.kd NandSoSA Hkqtaxh] Hkqtaxiz;kr] =ksVd] loS;k]dfoÙk vkn ojf.kd Nanka jk nk[kyk gSA

vka nksuwa rjS jk Nanka esa bZ okajS pj.kka jhek=koka vj oj.kka jh fx.krh eqtc rhu Hksnc[kk.khT;k gS&

(i) le Nan le Nan le Nan le Nan le Nan % ft.kesa Nanka jS pj.kka esaek=koka ;k oj.kka jh fx.krh cjkcj gksoSAvsd leku ek=koka ;k oj.kka jh fx.krh okGkNanka uS le Nan dSoSA pkSikbZ le Nan gSA

(ii) fole Nanfole Nanfole Nanfole Nanfole Nan % ft.kesa Nanka jS pj.kkajh ek=k ;k oj.k U;kjk&U;kjk gksoS] vsdleku uha gksoS okS fole Nan gSA NIi;]dqaMfG;k fole Nan gSA

(iii) vj/kle Nanvj/kle Nanvj/kle Nanvj/kle Nanvj/kle Nan % vka Nanka esa iSykvj rhtk] nwtk vj pkSFkk pj.kka jh ek=koka;k oj.kka esa lekurk gksoSA nwgkS vj/kleekf=d Nan jkS pkokS nk[kyk gSA vka jS VkGdsbZ x.kc) Nan ¼Hkx.k] ex.k½] eqDrdNan] lk/kkj.k Nan] naMd Nan jS :i esa bZvksG[khtSA tn Nanka jh xSjkbZ lwa O;k[;kdjka rks vS :i bZ lkEgha vkoS i.k ewG esaNanka jk nks; Hksn gS] oS gS ekf=d Nan vjojf.kd NanA

nwgkS NannwgkS NannwgkS NannwgkS NannwgkS NannwgkS viHkzal lkfgR; lwa ys;*j fgUnh vj

jktLFkkuh lkfgR; jkS fljekSM+ Nan jS;kS gSAnwgS jh cMkbZ esa dsbZ nwgk dghT;k gSA nwgS jhefgek dfooj lsfB;kth jS lcnka esa b.kHkkar c[kk.khth gS&nsl uha e#nsl lks] ezxen ftlks u xa/kAlqjlr jS HkaMkj esa] nwgS ftlks u NanAA

nwgkS vjèkle ekf=d Nan gSA b.k jkikap Hksn NanlkL= esa crk;k tkoS& lq)nwgkS] cMkS nwgkS] rqacsjh nwgkS] lksjfB;kS nwgkSvj [kksM+kS nwgkSA jktLFkkuh lkfgR; esa lq)nwgkS vj lksjfB;kS nwgkS ?k.kk cjrhtS&

(i) lq) nwgkS lq) nwgkS lq) nwgkS lq) nwgkS lq) nwgkS % b.kjS iSyS vj rhtS¼fole½ pj.kka esa 13&13 ek=koka vj nwtSvj pkSFkS ¼le½ pj.kka esa 11&11 ek=kokagqoSA nwtS vj pkSFkS pj.k jh rqd i.k feGSAb.kjS pj.kkUr esa xq#&y?kq vkoSA nk[kykS&bGk u ns.kh vki.kh] gkyfj;k gqyjk;Aiwr fl[kkoS iky.kS] ej.k cMkbZ ek;AA

(ii) lksjfB;kS nwgkSlksjfB;kS nwgkSlksjfB;kS nwgkSlksjfB;kS nwgkSlksjfB;kS nwgkS % nwgS jkS myVQsjlksjfB;kS nwgkS dghtSA b.kjS iSyS vj rhtSpj.kka esa 11&11 ek=koka vj le pj.kka¼2&4½ esa 13&13 ek=koka vkoSA b.k eka;fole pj.kka ¼1&3½ jh rqd feGSA lksjB¼lkSjk"Vª½ iznsl esa ?k.kkS ijksVht.k jS dkj.kb.kjkS uke lksjBkS vj xs;rk jS dkj.k lksjfB;kSifM+;kSA jktLFkkuh lkfgR; esa lEcks/ku dkO;esa lksjBka jkS bZ ?k.kdjkS iz;ksx gq;kS gSAlksjBk jS okLrS vsd yksdpkokS nwgkS dFkhT;kSgS&lksjfB;kS nwgkS HkykS] Hky ejo.k jh ckrAtkscu NkbZ /k.k Hkyh] rkjka NkbZ jkrAA

lksjfB;k nwgk jkS nk[kykS&c[kr tkolh chr] tklh ckr u txr lwaAxklh nqfu;k xhr] pks[kk HkwaMk pdfj;kAA

188

vyadkjvyadkjvyadkjvyadkjvyadkjNan&vyadkjka esa jktLFkkuh lkfgR; jh

fudsoGh vksG[kka.k jS;h gSA jktLFkkuh dkO;esa lxGk yksdpkok vyadkjka tFkk& vuqizkl]:id] miek] mRizs{kk] vU;ksfDr] oØksfDrvkn jkS Hkjiwj iz;ksx feGSA fMaxG xhrNanka jS T;wa jktLFkkuh jkS vkijkS vyadkjoS.k&lxkbZ ekSfyd lcnkyadkj gS] ft.kjkdsbZ Hksn feGSA dfork :ih dke.kh jkSfl.kxkj vyadkj :ih xS.kka&xkaBka lwa bZdjhtSA vyadkj dkO; jkS xS.kkS fx.khtSAb.kjS iz;ksx lwa dkO; esa b/kdkbZ vkoS] dkO;vljnkj futj vkoSA dkO; jh lksHkk c/kSAdkO; :ikGkS ykxSA vkpk;Z Hkkeg] vkpk;Zn.Mh tSM+k dkO;& lkL=h vyadkjoknh fl)karesa vyadkjka jh Fkkrh uS fFkjir djh gSA lkj:i esa vkS bZt dS;kS tk; ldS dS lcn]vjFk vj vyadkj jS esG lwa bZ dkO; jkS :imtkxj gqoSA nwtS lcnka esa vyadkj bZdkO; jkS fljS :i vj m.kjkS QwVjkikS gSAb.k Hkkar vkNh ckrka vi.kko.k jh jktLFkkuhlkfgR; esa jhr jS;h gSA b.k ijEijk jS dkj.kvBS vyadkjka jh NVk bZ vyk;nh futjvkoSA jktLFkkuh jkS pkokS vyadkj oS.k&lxkbZvBS jk dfo;ka jh dqlGkbZ vj dye jhlcGk;h crkoSA

oS.klxkbZ vyadkjoS.klxkbZ vyadkjoS.klxkbZ vyadkjoS.klxkbZ vyadkjoS.klxkbZ vyadkjoS.klxkbZ jktLFkkuh jkS ekSfyd vj

egrkÅ vyadkj gSA fMaxG dkO; esa b.kjkSiz;ksx lxGk dkO;nkslka uS feVkoSA fMaxGjk pkok&Bkok dfo;ka b.kjkS iz;ksx vkijkdkO; esa djÓkSA ikjEifjd Nanka jS lkFkSuwaoka Nanka esa bZ oS.klxkbZ jkS iz;ksx djhtSAdkO; esa ukn&lkSan;Z vj ehBkl jkS vk/kkjoS.klxkbZ gSA fMaxG esa b.kjkS iz;ksx lqHkekuhtSA oS.klxkbZ jkS vjFk gS oj.kka jkSlEcU/kA vsd tSM+k lcnka ;k vk[kjka jkS

laca/k ;k esGA nks; ifjokjka jS gkM&cSj uSesV.k okLrS lxkbZ lEcU/k fd;k tkork]ft.klwa esG&feGki OgS tkorkSA m.kh*t Hkkaroj.kka jk laca/k lwa bZ dkO; esa jl vkoSA

^j?kqukFk:id* tSM+S [;kruke Nan&lkL=h; xzaFk jk jpukdkj eaNkjke lsox jkSoS.klxkbZ jS okLrS vkS fopkj mYys[k tksxgS&[kwu fd;ka tka.kS [kyd] gkM cSj tks gks;Ao;.k lxkbZ oS.k rkS] dyir jgS u dks;AA

ohjjlkorkj dfooj lwjtey ehl.kvkijh ^ohjlrlbZ* esa oS.klxkbZ uS jl uSiks[k.k jkS vkèkkj ekurka Fkdka ohjjl jhdfork esa nksl fuokj.k jh cwaVh ¼vks[kn½ekuS&oS.klxkbZ okfG;ka] is[khtS jl ikslAohj gqrkl.k cksy esa] nhlS gsd u nkslAA

jktLFkkuh dkO; esa gj fol; jh jpukokavj gjsd dkG esa b.kjkS iz;ksx gks;kS gSAoS.klxkbZ vyadkj jk dsbZ Hksn feGSA vka esa?k.kpkok rhu Hksnka jh ckr vBS dj.kh pkowa&1- vkfnesG] 2- eè;esG] 3- varesGA1- vkfnesG1- vkfnesG1- vkfnesG1- vkfnesG1- vkfnesG % fd.kh Nan ;k jpuk jS pj.kjkS iSykS vk[kj m.kh*t pj.k jS vk[kjh lcnjS iSyS vk[kj lwa esG [kkoS rkS mBS vkfnesGoS.klxkbZ vyadkj ekuhtSA vkfn esG jkSiz;ksx jktLFkkuh dkO; esa ?k.kksbZ gks;kS gS&ft.k ou Hkwy u tkork] xSan xo; fxM+jktAfr.k cu tacqd rk[kM+k] m/ke eafM;kS vktAA

;kjker pkSiM+ jkt jh] gS f/kd ckj gtkjA/k.k lwaih ywaBk /kdS] /kjejkt f/kDdkjAA2- e/;esG2- e/;esG2- e/;esG2- e/;esG2- e/;esG % fd.kh pj.k jS iSyS lcn jkSiSykS vk[kj m.kht pj.k jS vk[kjh lcn jSchpkGS vkoS ¼eè; esa m.kh*t oj.k jh vkozfrgksoS½ rkS mBS e/;esG oS.klxkbZ dghtSAnk[kykS&

189

uke fy;ka Fkh ekuoka] ljdS dyq"k folkyAeg tSls esVS frfej] jle ijl fdjekyAA

¼eaNkjke lsox½xjt fd;ka lwa okxjh] dns u rtS fldkjAjVS gjh xq.k okjrk] dVS dGsl fodkjAA

¼'kfDrnku dfo;k½3- varesG3- varesG3- varesG3- varesG3- varesG % fd.kh pj.k jkS iSykS vk[kjm.kh*t pj.k jS NsyM+S lcn jkS NsgykS


fodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk lokyfodGikÅ iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- Nanka jh O;qRifÙk ekuhtS&

¼v½ ohj jl lwa ¼c½ dfork lwa¼l½ dfo jh dqlykbZ lwa ¼n½ laLØr jk Nn~ /kkrq lwa

¼ ½

2- Nan jh lclwa egrkÅ ifjHkklk gS&¼v½ Lrqfrijd dkO; bZ Nan gS ¼c½ ;fr xfr jkS ft.kesa iz;ksx gqoS okS Nan gS¼l½ ohjrk jk c[kk.k bZ Nan gS ¼n½ y;] lqj] ;fr] xfr tSM+k lkL=h; useka lwa

xwaFkhT;ksM+h jpuk bZ Nan gS¼ ½

3- vyadkj lwa vki dkabZ le>kS&¼v½ dkO; jh vkRek ¼c½ dkO; jkS /ks;¼l½ dkO; jh ij[k ¼n½ dkO; jkS QwVjkikS vj ljlrk

¼ ½4- oS.klxkbZ jkS vjFk dkabZ gS&

¼v½ oj.kka jkS esG ¼c½ oj.kka jh dwar¼l½ cksyka jh lxkbZ ¼n½ vsd tkfr&oj.k jS vk[kjka jkS vksirkS esG

¼ ½5- ^^jVS gfjxq.k okjrk** esa fdlkS oS.klxkbZ cjrhT;kS gS&

¼v½ vk[kj oS.klxkbZ ¼c½ var esG oS.klxkbZ¼l½ gfjxq.k oS.klxkbZ ¼n½ e/; esG oS.klxkbZ

¼ ½

vk[kj gksoS rkS mBS varesG oS.klxkbZ cjrhtSAnk[kyk&ejn ftdS lalkj esa] y[kts tho folkyAjkr fnol j?kqukFk jk] ysoS uke jlkyAA

¼eaNkjke lsox½;k

fuj[;kS b.k lalkj uS] yqd fNi jkaer [ksyAfeu[k Hkyka jh gS deh] yk[k feyS fcxM+syAA

¼'kfDrnku dfo;k½zz

190

lko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokylko NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- Nan jh vksirh ifjHkklk fnjkokSA2- jktLFkkuh NanlkL=h; pkok xzaFkka jkS ukao vj jpukdkj jkS ukao fy[kkSA3- Nan jS okLrS dke vko.k okGk nks; useka jkS ukao fy[kkSA4- nwgS jk fdÙkk Hksn lkfgR; esa crkbZT;k gS\5- vyadkj] dkO; jkS dkabZ fx.khtS\6- jktLFkkuh jkS foflLV vyadkj fdlkS gS\

NksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk lokyNksVk iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- NanlkL= jkS l:i vkijS lcnka esa le>kokSA2- oS.klxkbZ lwa vki dkabZ le>kS\ b.kjh vksirh ifjHkklk fnjkokSA3- jktLFkkuh Nanka esa dkabZ&dkabZ oj.ku feGS\ le>kokSA4- nwgk vj lksjBk esa dkabZ Hksn gS\ le>kokSA5- vyadkjka jk eSro uS le>kokSA

ys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk lokyys[k:i iM+wÙkj okGk loky1- jktLFkkuh NanlkL= jk egÙo uS vk[kjka <kGkSA2- jktLFkkuh Nanka esa nwgS jh dkabZ BkSM+ gS\ b.kjS Hksnka jk ukao crkork Fkdka nwgS&lksjBS jh lkL=h; ifjHkklk nk[kyk lkFkS fnjkokSA3- lkfgR; esa vyadkjka jh dkabZ folslrk gS\ vyadkjka esa jktLFkkuh jk pkok vyadkj oS.klxkbZ jh :ixr&Hksnxr O;k[;k djkSA

sahitya-sujas (rajasthani) class 11 2017-18...

Documents