sudhakar energy managment

8/3/2019 Sudhakar Energy Managment

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ENERGY MANAGEMENT

K. SudhakarAssistant Professor, Energy

Maulana Azad National Institute ofTechnology,Bhopal


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INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT : THE CLASSICAL FACTORS

FOUR Ms

1. MAN

2. MACHINE

3. MATERIAL

4. MONEY

The List is Incomplete in todays context.


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ENERGY

CAPACITY TO DO WORK


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SOURCES OF ENERGYCONVENTIONAL / NON-RENEWABLE

SOURCES

OIL

COAL WOOD


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The Worlds EnergyResources Are Limited!


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Renewable Energy Sources

Solar

WindBio

Geo

Tidal


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SOURCES OF ENERGYNON-CONVENTIONAL / RENEWABLE /

ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND POWER GEOTHERMAL

TIDAL POWER

and

ENERGY CONSERVATION


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SECTOR CAPITAL COST (MINR / MW)COST OF GENERATION

(Rs. / kWh)

Small Hydro 25 to 100 2.00 to 3.50

Wind Energy 50 to 70 2.25 to 2.75

Biomass Power 35 to 45 2.00 to 3.00

Bagasse Co-generation 30 to 40 2.00 to 3.00Biomass Gasification 20 to 30 2.25 to 2.75

Solar PV 250 to 300 9.00 to 20.00

ECONOMICS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY


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SECTOR POTENTIAL

Wind Energy 45,000 MW

Small Hydro (upto 25 MW) 15,000 MWBio Energy 19,500 MW

Solar Energy 20 MW/Sq kmBiogas Plants 12 Million Nos.

Improved Wood Stoves 120 Million Nos.

POTENTIAL OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES IN INDIA


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AGENDA FOR THE INDIAN NATIONPRIORITY AREAS & TARGETSAnnual GDP Growth : 9 - 11 %

Food & Agricultural Production: 360 mT

Reliable & Quality Power for allparts of the country

Education & Better Health Care

- APJ Abdul Kalam

( while delivering Lecture on Networking Multiple

Technologies for Nation Building : 4th Jan, 2001, New Delhi )


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WHYENERGYCONSERVATION


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GLOBAL ENERGY SCENARIOPer capita electrical power consumption

in developing countries

averagesless than one tenth of the consumption level

in the developed world.

23 % of the worlds population consumes

80 % of the worlds total electricity.


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GLOBAL ENERGY SCENARIOFUTURE TRENDSAs per future projections, by the year 2020 AD:

The developing nations will account for morethan 80 % of the projected increase in world

population.

(From the present 5.3 billion to 8 billion).

The proportion of electric power consumed bythe developing nations will increase from 20 % at

present to around 35 to 40 %.


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GLOBAL ENERGY SCENARIOFUTURE TRENDS

The steepest rise,in terms of both

population &electrical powergeneration ispredicted to occur

in the countries ofAsia mainly inChina and India.


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INDIAN ENERGY SCENE

By the year 2012 AD,India is expected to add

100,000 MW of Installed Capacity

i.e. ~ 10,000 MW per Year


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CAPACITY ADDITION TARGETX PLAN(Figures in MW)

Central

Sector

State

Sector

Private

Sector

Total

Thermal 12790 6676 5951 25417

Hydro 8742 4481 1170 14393

Nuclear 1300 1300

Total 22832 11157 7121 41110


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ACTUAL CAPACITY ADDITION(Figures in MW)

Year Thermal Hydel Nuclear Total

2000-01 2,263 1,297 440 4,000

2001-02 2,009 1,106 0 3,115

2002-03 2,330 649 0 2,979

2003-04 1,361 2,590 0 3,951

Total 7,963 5,642 440 14,045


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CAPACITY ADDITION TARGETX PLAN(Figures in MW)

Central

Sector

State

Sector

Private

Sector

Total

Thermal 11,570 9,096 5,794 26,460

Hydro 6,002 4,213 725 10,940

Nuclear 2,520 --- --- 2,520

Total 20,092 13,309 6,519 39,920

Revised Figures


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POWER FOR ALL BY 2012FUND REQUIREMENT

XI PLAN (Rs. in Crore)

Resources Requirement Central

Sector

State Sector Private Total

Generation 166360 64000 75000 305360

Transmission 28258 30000 11200 69458

Distribution 50000 50000

Rural Electrification 60000 60000

R&M 15000 15000

Total Funds Requirement 194618 219000 86200 499818

Or say Rs. 5,00,000 Crore


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PER CAPITA

ENERGY CONSUMPTION

INDICATOR OF DEVELOPMENT

OF A NATION


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PER CAPITA ENERGY CONSUMPTION

USA 13,241 kWh

AUSTRALIA 11,205 kWh

UK 6631 kWh

SOUTH AFRICA 4313 kWhCHINA 1139 kWh

INDIAN ENERGY SCENE


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1950 15.55 kWh

1985-86 178.00 kWh

1989-90 236.00 kWh1993-94 310.00 kWh

1994-95 320.00 kWh

2001-02 401.00 kWh

2004-05 606.00 kWh

Per capita electrical power

consumption level is still very low.

INDIAN ENERGY SCENE


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ENERGY INTENSITY

Energy CostAs a Percentage of

Manufacturing Cost

ENERGY COSTS IN INDIAN INDUSTRY (1984 85)


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ENERGY COSTS IN INDIAN INDUSTRY (1984-85)

( As % age of Manufacturing Cost )

CEMENT : 34.9 %

ALUMINIUM : 34.2 %

GLASS : 32.5 %

CHEMICAL : 23.9 %

PAPER : 22.8 %

FERTILIZERS : 18.3 %

IRON & STEEL : 15.8 %

FOUNDRIES : 10.5 %

TEXTILES : 8.6 %

ELECT. ENGG. : 3.2 %


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For delivering 1 MW of Power

to the User,

2.5 MW of Installed Capacityis needed.

Assumptions :

Capacity Utilization : 50 %

T & D Losses : 20 %

PARADIGM SHIFT

DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT

ENERGY COSTS IN INDIAN INDUSTRY (1984 85)


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ENERGY COSTS IN INDIAN INDUSTRY (1984-85)

( As % age of Manufacturing Cost )

Industry Unit India Developed

Nations

IRON & STEEL Gcal/tonne 8 - 9.5 46

CEMENT Gcal/tonne 14.4 0.60.9

ALUMINIUM MWh/tonne 1620 1315

PULP & PAPER kg Steam / kg 1215 5 - 8

ENERGY INTENSITIES IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES (1979 80)


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ENERGY INTENSITIES IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES (1979-80)( In Gcal / tonne )

STEEL CEMENT ALUMINIUM FERTILIZER

INDIA 9.50 2.00 33.00 11.25

ITALY 4.03 0.89 ------ 9.92 JAPAN 4.18 1.20 13.90 -------

SWEDEN 5.02 1.40 16.50 -------

U.K. 6.07 1.30 21.10 12.23

U.S.A 6.06 0.95 9.50 11.32

GERMANY 5.21 0.82 14.90 -------

India over

LOWEST 57.6% 59.0% 71.2% 11.8%

India over

HIGHEST 36.1% 30.0% 36.1% -8.7%


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THE MYSTERY OF ENERGY CONSERVATION

Substituting

CAPITAL

CONVENIENCE LABOUR, and

TIME

for

ENERGY


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THE ECONOMICS

OFENERGY

CONSERVATION

THE THREE-PRONGED APPROACH


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THE THREE-PRONGED APPROACH

FOR EFFICIENT USE OF ENERGY

comprises of

1. Reduction in the wastage ofenergy through betterhousekeeping,

2. Reorganization & Streamliningof systems, and

3. Modernization of PlantEquipment & Technology


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Time & Process Scheduling

Matching Loads

Non-Essential Consumption

Plant Maintenance

Insulation

Use of Solar Energy

Meters for Energy Audit Quantity of Energy & Material Input

Motivate Workers

Instrumentation & Control

GOOD HOUSE KEEPINGTO BEGIN WITH


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EFFICACY OF LOW COST CONSERVATION MEASURES

Results obtained by thorough cleaning of

an Air Conditioning System(Reported by Georgia Institute of Technology)

Air Flow Rate : + 32 % System COP : + 52 %

Compressor Running

Time : - 22 %

Annual Energy Cost : - 22 %


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ENERGY AUDIT


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ENERGY AUDITShelp in

identifyingopportunities for

energy conservation.


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It is crucial to

successfulenergy management

programmes.


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ENERGY AUDITAN ENERGY ACCOUNTING SYSTE

OFRECORDING, ANALYSING, & REPORTIN

ENERGY USAGE AND ENERGY COS


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ENERGY AUDITTO GUIDE YOU

PRELIMINARY AUDIT

To Feel the Pulse

DIAGNOSTIC AUDIT

For Corrective Action


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TYPES OF ENERGY AUDIT

SIMPLE WALK THROUGH

THE PLANT

PRELIMINARYTHROUGHAUDIT QUESTIONNAIRE

DETAILEDTHROUGH ON-SITE

DATA COLLECTION


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UTILITY CONSUMPTION REPORTS(Variance Reports on the Usage of Energy, Fuels & Utilities)

REPORT USAGE IN MONETARY VALUE

(Conservation Measures get directly

tied to Operating Budgets)

SHOW STANDARD CONSUMPTION LEVELS

(Drawing Attention to Areas where

Waste and Inefficiency may be found)


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A PREREQUISITE FOR AUDIT-

ADEQUATE INSTRUMENTATION

TEMPERATURE INDICATORS

FLOW METERS

PF METER

POWER ANALYSERS, etc.


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How Can it beDone


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PRIMARY FUEL WISE

OIL

ELECTRICITYCOAL

LPG


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ENERGY CONSERVATION IN INDUSTRIAL UTILITIES

PUMPS INDUSTRIAL FANS & BLOWERS

COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEM REFRIGERATION &

AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM

COOLING TOWERS

D.G. SETS


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MAJOR EQUIPMENT WISE

FURNACE

BOILERSMOTORS

DG SETSPLANT SERVICES


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SECONDARY ENERGY

WATER

STEAMCOMPRESSED GAS

OXYGENACETYLENE

PRODUCER GAS


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UTILISATION CENTRES

PRODUCTION BLOCKS

ADMINISTRATIVE BUILDING

OFFICES

TOWNSHIPS


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SOME EVERYDAY GUIDELINES

REPAIR CONTAINER & PIPING

LEAKS QUICKLY (Be a Detective!)

A leak of one drop every second

amounts to a loss of over 4000 litres ofoil every year.

CHECK VALVE SETTINGS &

GAUGE READINGSGET ACCURATE COST DATA

SO G S


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SOME EVERYDAY GUIDELINESAvoid Idle Running of Machines

to save energy.

Turn off Compressors at nightand on weekends.

Cut off the air supply formachines which are not in use or

are used only occasionally.

ROAD MAP TO A SUCCESSFUL ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAMME


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MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT : GENERATE AWARENESS

CREATE ENERGY ORGANISATION, APPOINT ENERGY MANAGERS

SET TARGET FOR SAVINGS

CONDUCT AUDITS INTERNALLY; USE EXTERNAL EXPERTISE

COLLECTION & ANALYSIS OF DATA : FUELWISE; EQUIPMENTWISE;

END USE WISE

IDENTIFYING OPPORTUNITIES : SHORT TERM; LONG TERM; NON

INVESTMENT / INVESTMENT TYPE

FORMULATE PROJECTS; EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATION; TECHNICAL &

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS; EXAMINE ALTERNATIVES

FINALISE PROJECT; ARRANGE FOR FUNDS/ MANPOWER AND

LAYOUT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

IMPLEMENTATION

MONITORING PROGRESS

REPORTING ACHIEVEMENT IN TARGETS SET


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sudhakar energy managment

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