അലി ശരിഅത്തി. എന്ത് ചെയ്യണം എവിടെ...

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F´v sN¿Ww

FhnsS XpS-§Ww

Aen icnA¯n

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F´v sN¿Ww

FhnsS XpS-§Ww

Aen icnA¯n

hnhÀ¯\w

F.sI A_vZpÂ aPoZv

CkvemanIv ^ut−-j³ {]kv

Aco-t¡mSv þ 673 639

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malayalam title enthu cheyyanam, evide thudanganam

original title in persian cheh bayed kerd, az kuja agaz kuneem

(what is to be done, where shall we begin) author

ali shariati translated by

a.k. abdul majeed published by

islamic foundation press paost box 508, areekode-673639

malapuram dist. kerala india printed at

premier offset prints, calicut type setting amanath d t p.

edition december 1991 price Rs. 23/-

all rights reserved

22(i) M-2000/1412/1991

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DÅ-S¡w

1. {]km-[-I-¡p-dn¸v 9

2. F´v sN¿Ww 11

3. Ipdn-¸p-IÄ 53

4. FhnsS XpS§Ww 59

5. Ipdn-¸p-IÄ 89

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{]km-[-I-¡p-dn¸v

Cdm³ hn¹-h-¯nsâ ss[j-Wn-Ihpw {]Xym-b-im-kvX-c-]-c-hp-amb ASn-¯d ]WnX Aen-i-cn-A¯n ka-tcmÂkp-Ihpw ]cn-hÀ¯\ {]h-W-hp-amb hÀ¯-am-\-Ime apkvenw apkv enw temI-¯nsâ DÖze {]Xo-Ihpw B[p-\nI Ckv emanI Nn´-I-cnÂ \nkvXp-e-\mb Hcm-tKmf hyàn-Xz-hp-am-Wv. icn-A¯n Nn´-IÄ C¶v temI-hym-]-I-ambn {]N-cn-¡p-Ibpw hmbn-¡p-Ibpwkwhm-Z-hn-j-b-am-hp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. C¶v tIc-f-¯nepw icn-A¯n Gsd {]nb-t¯mSpw XmÂ]-cy-t¯mSw IqSn hmbn-¡-

s -̧Sp-¶-Xnsâ sXfn-hmWv ‘ Ckv emanIv ût− -j³ {]kv’ C¶v tIf-¯nÂ samgn-amcvdn {]kn² s¸Sp-¯nb #vt²-l-̄ nsâ A©v ]pkvX-I-§Ä¡v A\p-hm-N-

I-cnÂ \n¶p−m kzoI-c-Ww. ‘ F´v sN¿-Ww, FhnsS XpS-§Ww’ F¶ Cu]p-kvXIw Bdm-a-t¯-Xm-Wv.

Ata-cn-¡-bnse ‘C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ dn{k#¨v Bâv Ckv emanI ÌUokv’ {]kn-²o-

I-cn-̈ Xpw icn-A-̄ n-bpsS aq¶v {]`m-j-W-§Äs¡m-Åp-¶-Xp-amb ‘ hm«nkv äp_n

U¬’ F¶ ]pkvX-I-̄ nÂ \n¶pÅ c−v {]`m-j-W-§-fm-Wv CXn-ep-Å-Xv. icn-A¯n 1970 IfnÂ sNbvXv {]`m-j-W-§-fm-Wn-h. Cd\vÂ Ata-cn-¡³ km{am-Py-Xz-¯nâ ]mh-bmb dnkmjm ]Ë-hn-bpsS cmP-hym-gvNbpw AXvSn-t¨Â¸n¨ ]mÝm-Xy³ kmwkvIm-cnI ta[m-hn-Xzhpw \ne-\n-¶n-cp¶ s#mcp {]Xn-tema kml-N-cy-amWv A¶p-−m-bn-cp-¶-Xv. F¶mÂ Ct¸mÄ AhnsS \ne-\nÂ¡p-¶Xv icn-A¯n B{K-ln-¨Xpw ZÀin-¨-Xp-amb kml-N-cy-am-Wv. Cu {]kw-K-¯nsâ DÅ-S¡w {]kw-Kn¨ kml-N-cy-aÃ , CXv {]kn-²o-I-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ icn-A¯n Pohn-¨Xpw {]hÀ¯n-¨-Xp-amb cmPy-̄ p-Å-Xv. adn¨ At²-l-¯nsâ BKv]-lhpw ZÀi-\hpw km£mÂIr-X-amb kml-N-cy-amWv F¶À°w. CXnse BZy {]`m-j-a-¯nÂ BcmWv _p²n-Po-hn-sb¶pw F´mWv kaq-l-¯nÂ AbmÄ¡v \nÀh-ln-¡m-\p-Å-sX¶pw hnh-cn-¡p-I-bmWv icn-A-¯n-sN-¿p-¶-Xv. kaq-l-¯n¶v amÀK-ZÀi\w \ÂIn-km-hm-X-{ý-¯n-te¡pw ]ptcm-K-Xn-bn-te¡pw hfÀ¨-bn-te¡pw AXns\ \bn-t¡−v {]_p-²-\mb _p²n-Pqhn icn#v-¯n-bpsS ZrjvSn-bnÂ ]qÀh-Im-e-§-fnÂ {]hm-N-I³aÀ \nÀh-ln¨ AtX ]¦v \nÀh-ln-t¡-− -h-\m-Wv. _p²n-Pqhn hn_m-Ks¯ icn-A¯n c−mbn hne-bn-cp-¯p-¶p. : H¶v tIhe _p²n-Po-hn-IÄ , c−v {]_p-²-Nn-́ -IÀ. BZy-Iq-«À X§-fpsS XmXzn-Itam {]mtbm-Kn-Itam Bb hnZy {]tbm-Kn-¡p-I-sb¶ _p²n-sIm-−pÅ {]hr¯n am{Xw sN¿p-¶p. c−mw hn_mKw kmaq-tlym-¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ap-Å-h-cm-Wv. Ahcv {]mh-N-

I³am-sc-t¸mse {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶p.. ‘FhnsS XpS-§Ww’ F¶ c−mw {]`-j-W-¯nÂ Cu c−mw `mK-̄ nsâ khn-ti-j-X-I-fmWv hnj-bw. icn-A-̄ n-bpsS Cu hninjvS IrXn ae-bm-fn-IÄ¡v \ÂIm³ Ign-ª-XnÂ Nmcn-XmÀ°y-ap-−v. AÃm-lp-hn\v kvXpXn! hn{h#-̄ -I\v \μn! CkvemanIv ût−-j³ {]kv Acn-t¡mSv

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H¶v

F´v sN¿Ww (lp-ssk-\nbm CÀim-ZnÂ sNbvX {]kw-Kw) Nn´-bp-sSbpw kwkvIm-c-¯n-sâbpw Ncn{Xw a\-Ên-em-¡p-Ibpw B[p-\nI \mK-cn-X-I-fnÂ ImW-s¸-Sp¶ aX-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v ]Tn-¡p-Ibpw AtXm-sSm¸w hÀ¯-am-\-Ime ]cn-Nbw kzmb-¯-am-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXn-«p-Å-hÀ¡v ka-Im-eo\ a\p-jysâ #mßn-bhpw _p²n-]-c-hp-am-b-Zni Ft§m-«m-sW-¶-dn-bmw. bqtdm-]y³am-c-Ãm-¯, ]uc-kvXy-cm-b, hninjym ankvenw cmPy-¡m-cmb {]_p-²-Xbpw {]Xn-_²Xbp-apÅ hyàn-IÄ \nco-£n-¡p-Ibpw Xncn-¨-dn-bp-Ibpw sNbvXn-«pÅ Hcp hkvXp-X-bp-−v. B[p-\nI Nqj-W-hy-h-Øbpw k¼-Zvhy-h-Øsb ]pP-\o-b-ambn KWn-¡p¶ LS-\bpw temI-s¯-§p-apÅ cmjv{S-§sf Nc-¡p-Ifpw D#pÂ]-¶-§fpw hnä-bn-¡m-\pÅ hn]-Wn-bm¡n amäp-¶-Xn\v Ign-bm-hp-b¶ apgphv³ X{´§fpw a\p-jy-Xz-lo-

\-amb ]²-Xn-Ifpw D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶p F¶ Imcyw. ‘ ùXn-I-hm-]-c-amb’ {]tNm-Z-

\hpw ‘D]-t`m-K-kw-kvIm-cZÀi\’hpamWv bYm-{Iaw \vehn-epÅ km¼-̄ nI hyh-

Øn-Xn-bpsS ‘aX’hpw ‘kZm-Nm-c-{Ia’hpw. imkvX-cw, ZÀi-\w, kmt¦-XnI hnZy, Ie,-km-ln-Xyw, kmaq-ly-im-kvX-cw, Ncn-{Xw,-a-\-Èm-kvXcw F¶n-h-sbÃmw AXnsâ Bbp-[-§m-Wv. FÃm-hn[ cmjv{So-bm-bp-[-§fpw bp²hpw kam-[m-\-hp-ap-−m-¡m-\pÅ amÀKv§fpw #vXp-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶p. {]kvXpX e£yw km[n-¡-W-sa-¦nÂ

apgphv³ a\p-jycpw “ D]-t`m-K-ar-K-§fm”hpIbpw cmjv{S-§Ä Ah-bpsS bmYmÀ°y-§-fnÂ \n¶v Dcn-ªvam-ä-s¸-bp-I-bpw-thWw; kz´w hyàn-Xz-s¯bpw kzmX-{ý-s¯bpw cp]-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ khn-i-j-X-IÄ AhÀ\-jvS-s -̧Sp-̄ Ww; ktczm-]cn a\p-jy-sc-Ãm-hcpw Htc aqi-bnÂ hv#mÀ¡-s¸-«-hcpw ASn-t¨Â¸n-¡-s¸« Hcp amXr-I-bnÂ cq]w sIm−-h-cp-am-h-Ww. A§n-s\-bm-hp-t¼mÄ ]mÝm-Xy-sct¶m ]uc-kvX-cy-sct¶m apkven§-sft¶m _u²-sct¶m B{]-¡-¡m-sct¶m emän-ev\-

ta-cn-¡³ ss{IkvX-h-sc-t¶m-hy-Xym-k-at\y a\p-jy-scm-¶-S¦w ‘temI-km-

{amPy’¯sâ DÂ]m-Z-\-b-{´s¯ B{i-bn-¡p¶ ASn-a-I-fm-bn-¯n-cpw. a\p-jyÀs¡Ãmw Htc BIr-Xn, Htc Bßm-hv, XpeyBh-iy-§Ä, At\ym-\y-km-Zr-i-amb Pohn-X-co-Xn, Htc Xcw Nn´bpw `mh-\-bpw-þ-F-¦nte AhÀ Jmdp\nb³ temI-

{I-a-̄ nsâ ‘Xpey’D]-t`m-àm-¡-fm-bn-¯n-cp-I-bp-Åp. `panse FÃm tKm]p-c-§fpw \new ]Xn-¡p-Ibpw FÃm tIm«-Ifpw XIÀ¶v hogp-I-bpw, Npcp-¡-̄ nÂ ]Sn-ªm-dnsâ sImÅsb XSp-¡p¶ then-s¡-«-I-sfÃmw FSp-¯p-am-ä-s¸-Sp-Ibpw thWw.; s#mcp kaq-l-¯n\v D¶-X-amb kz`m-h-hn-ti-j-W-§fpw kpZr-V-amb kzmX-{ýhpw

{]Zm\w sN¿p-¶Xpw kz´w aqey-§sf kwc-£n¨p \nÀ¯p-hm\pw C¶s¯ “]cn-

jvI-cn¨ Im«m-f¯”¯n³sc B{I-a-W-§sf sNdp-¡p-hm\pw AXns\ kÖ-am-¡p-¶-Xp-amb FÃm LS-I-s§bpw \in-¸n-¡p-Itbm hnI-e-s¸-Sp-̄ p-Itbm sN¿-Ww.

Hcp kaq-l-̄ n\v ‘km¼-̄ n-tImÂ¸m-Z-\-tijn” CÃm-Xm-hp-Ibpw ]cn-]qÀ®-ambpw AXv aäp-f-f-h-cpsS ùXn-tImÂ¸-¶-§-fpsS Øncw D]-t]m-àm-hm-bn-¯o-cp-Ibpw sN¿-W-sa-¦nÂ t\cs¯ AXnsâ _p²n-]-c-amb DÂ¸m-Z-\-£-aX \in-̈ n-cn-¡Ww F¶v Ncn-{X-]-chpw imkv{Xo-b-]-chpw kmaq-ly-im-kv{X-]-c-hp-am-b-A-\p-̀ -h-§Ä

km{am-Py-Xz-hm-Zn-Isf ]Tn-¸n-¨n-«p-−v. kz´w ‘_p²n-]-c-amb DÂ¸m-Z-\-£-aX’ B

kaqlw \ne-¸n-¡-Ww. F¶n«v ]qÀ®-ambpw AX-c³am-cpsS ‘_p²n-]-c-amb DÂ¸-

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¶-§-fpsS’ sam¯w D]-t]m-àm-¡-fm-bn-¯o-c-Ww. HSp-hnÂ i{Xp-hp-am-bp-f-f-A-`n-ap-Jo-I-c-W-̄ nÂ AXnsâ am\p-jn-I-kzm-X{ýw apgp-h-\mbpw AXn\v hn\-jvS-am-hpw. aX-amWv CX-c³am-cp-am-bp-ff t]mcm-«-¯nÂ kaq-l-§Ä¡v khn-ti-j-amb kz¯-t_m-[hpw kzm{k-b-Xzhpw hnizm-khpw kzmX-{ýhpw {]Zm\w sN¿p¶ Gähpw ià-amb LS-I-sa¶v Ncn-{Xm-\p-`-h-¯nÂ \n¶v km{am-Py-Xz-i-àn-IÄ a\-Ên-em-¡n-bn-«p-−v. A\y-\m-Sp-I-fn-te-¡p-ff cmjv{Sn-b-þ-kmw-kv¡m-cnI A[n-\n-th-i-¯n\p ap¼nse {][m\ {]Xn-_Ôw aX-am-sW-¶v, X§-fpsS BtKmf B{I-a-W-§Ä¡n-S¡v km{am-Py-Xz-i-àn-IÄ ]Tn-¨p. hninjym A{]m-Po-\-a-X-am-Xr-I-IÄ \ne-\nÂ¡p¶ cmPy-§-

fnÂ ‘kmwkvIm-cnI bmYmÀ°yhpw” “ Ncn-{X-]-c-am-b-k-hn-ti-j-X-Ifpw” “kpi-à-

amb ]mc-¼cy ASn Øm\-§fp”amWv kaq-ls¯ ]p¯³ D]-t`mK hn]-Wn-bmbn A\m bmkw cq]m-́ -c-s -̧Sp-¯p-¶-Xn-s\-Xn-sc-bp-ff t]mcm-«-¯n\v IqSp-XÂ DuÀÖhpw t]mj-Ihpw \ÂIp-¶Xv F¶pw AhÀ {Kln-¨n-«p-−v. ]Sn-ªm-d³ DÂ¸-¶-§sf am{Xw B{i-bn-¡p¶ BÀ¯n-]q− hmb-I-fp-ambn \nÂ¡p-I-am{Xw IÀ -̄hy-am-bp-ff \nÊ-lm-b-Po-hn-I-fmbn amdp-¶-XnÂ \n¶v P\-§sf XS-bp-Ibpw

“s]mf-f-bmb D]-t`m-àr-\m-K-cn-IX” “s]mXp-hmb temI-ssN-X-\y-̄ n³sc

\nÀ½mWw” “FÃm-a-\p-jyÀ¡pw Htc \ne-]mSv “ F¶n-§-s\-bp-ff tcmK-§-fpsS hym]\w XSªv \nÀ¯p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶Xpw taÂ]-dª LS-I-§Ä Xs¶. \ap-¡-dn-bm-hp-¶-t]mse, cmjv{S-§-fpsS Ncn-{Xhpw kwkv¡m-chpw ]mc-¼-cyhpw Ah-bpsS aX-ssN-X-\y-§-fp-ambn IqSn-¡-eÀ¶vsIm-−m-Wp-f-f-Xv. F¶-Ã, Hcp cmjv{S-̄ nsâ Ncn{Xw, kwkv¡m-cw, ]mc-¼cyw F¶n-hsb cq]-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xp-Xs¶ Nne-t¸mÄ aX-am-bn-cn-¡pw. AXn-\mÂ Ahn-sS-bp-ff P\-§Ä aX-]-c-amb ASn-Øm-\-§Ä¡pw Pohn-X-co-Xn¡pw A\p-kr-X-amb PohnXw \bn-¡p¶ km{am-Py-

Xz-i-àn-IÄhn-ti-jn¨v BZy-L-«-§-fnÂ ‘aX-{`m-ńs\ FXnÀ¡pI’ sb¶ \mSy-

¯nÂ aX-t¯mSp s]mcp-Xp-Ibpw ‘]nń-cn-¸-¯s¯ A[n-t£-]n-¡pI’ sb¶-t]-

cnÂ Ncn-{Xs¯ B{I-an-¡p-Ibpw ‘AÔ-hn-iz-ks¯bpw ]g-a-sbbpw Adp-¯p-I-f-

bpI’sb¶ `mth\ ]mc-¼-cy-§-fpsS t\sc It¿äw \S-̄ p-I-bw-am-WvsN-bvX-Xv. Ncn-{Xhpw ]mc-¼-cyhpw kwkv¡m-chpw aXhpw hyàn-Xz-hp-an-Ãm¯ Hcp-P-\-Xsb krjvSn-¡-em-bn-cp¶p Ah-cpsS e£yw km{am-Py-Xz-̄ nsâ ap¼nÂP-\-§Ä Ipc-

§³am-sc-t¸msebmbn. “]p¯³ D]-t`m-K-kw-kv¡m-c-¯nsâ cq]-¯nÂ “Xo{h-

amb B[p-\n-IX” \S-̧ n-em-¡p-¶-Xnepw XnIª A\p-I-c-Whpw hne-b-\hpw hgn kz´w kwkvIm-cs¯ \ntj-[n-¡p-¶-Xnepw AhÀ A`n-am-\w-sIm-f-fp-¶p. X·qew A\yÀ \nÝ-bn-̈ -hn-[n¡v tkmÕmlw Iog-S-§p-I-bm-W-hÀ. B[p-\n-I-Im-«m-f-¯-¯nsâ bpK-¯nÂ apgp-h³ hmXn-ep-Ifpw AhÀi-{Xp-¡Ä¡mbn Xpd-¶n-Sp-¶p.

s]«-¶-hÀ \ncm-bp-[cpw {]Xn-tcm-[-an-Ãm-¯-h-cp-ambn `hn-¡p-Ibpw ‘]W-̄ nsâ

aX’¯n\pw D]-t`mK kwkv¡m-c-̄ nsâ XXz-im-kv{X-¯n\pw hnSp-th-e-sN-¿p¶ imkv{X-¯nsâ Iui-ehpw Ie-bpsS ambm-Pm-ehpw XXz-Nn-´-bpsS h©-\bpw P\m-Xn-]-Xy-¯nsâbpw am\-hn-I-Xm-hm-Z-¯n-sâbpw Im]-Syhpw kmt¦-XnI hnZybpw IqSn Hcp-¡p¶ sIWn-bnÂ-C-c-I-fmbn hogp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. ]pXnb bpK-¯nsâ Bcw-`-¯nÂ AYhm 16,17 iX-I-§-fnÂ bqtdm-¸nÂ Imep-d-

¸n¨ DSs\ _pÀjzmkn ‘a\-ØnXn’ bpsSbpw ‘imkv{X-hmZ’¯nsâbpw t]cnÂ aXs¯ FXnÀ¡m³ XpS-§n-bXv C¡m-c-W-¯m-em-bn-cp-¶p. AhÀ km{am-Py-Xz-L-«-¯n-te¡v {]th-in-¡p-Ibpw ]uc-kvXy-tZ-i¯vImeq-¶p-Ibpw sNbvX-tXmsS tZio-

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b-Xm-hm-Zw, DZm-c-Nn-´, B[p-\n-I-X, am\-hn-I-Xm-hmZw apX-em-b-h-bpsS ad-hnÂa-lm-a-X-§sf A{I-an-¡m³ XpS-§n. {]tXy-In¨pw A`n-Pm-X-cnÂ \n¶v aXs¯ XpS¨p \o¡m³ Ah-cm-{K-ln-¨p. P\-§Ä¡n-S-bnÂ Adp-]n-ń-cn-¸n\pw hnIr-X-hp-amb aXw t{]mÂkm-ln-̧ n-¡-s -̧«p. aXw FXnÀ¸³scbpw t_m[-̄ n-sâbpw kzmX-{ý-{]-Øm-\-̄ n-sâbpw amÀ¤-ambn amdm-Xn-cn-¡m-\p-ff AS-hm-bn-cp-¶p CXv. P\-§sf ab-¡p-Ibpw ac-hn-̧ n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ aXw Ahsc Xnc¡p ]nSn-̈ -A-h-Ø-bnÂ \n\nÀ¯pw. X§Ä¡v bYmÀXz-̄ nÂ F´mWv kw -̀hn-¡p-¶Xv F¶v Ah-c-dn-bp-I-bn-Ã. \ncÀ°-Ihpw Pohkvkä Xpamb BNmc IÀ½-§-fnÂ apgp-In-bn-cn-¡p-I-bmhpw AhÀ AtX s]mse sI«p-I-Y-I-fnepw `h-\m-ßI Nn -́I-fnepw hnU-Vn¯w \ndª AÔ-hn-izm-k-§-fnepw AhÀ hym]n¡pw. aXs¯ hnIr-X-am-¡p-I-bmWv CXn-sâ-sbÃmw Dt±iyw. CXp-aqew `n¶n¸pw hyP-t¸m-cp-Ifpw krjvSn-¡-s -̧Sp-¶p. Xpd¶ a\-ØnXn Xf-cp-¶p. t_m[-hÂ¡-cW {ia-§Ä ]¦n-e-am-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p, hnivjym aX-¯nsâ icn-bob ssNX\yw hos− -Sp-¡m-\p-ff {iaw. P\-§sf X½n-e-Sn-̧ n-¡p¶ coXn-bnÂ aXs¯ {]hÀ¯n-̧ n-¡p-¶-Xn\v _mly-Zrjym hncp² tNcn-I-fnÂ \ne-sIm-f-fp¶ c−p hn`m-K-§sf krjvSn-t¡-− -Xm-h-jy-ambn h¶p km{am-Py-Xz-hm-Zn-IÄ¡v. hncp-²-sa¶ tXm¶n-¸n-¡p¶ c−p {[ph-§-fnÂ \n¶v ]c-kv]cw Gäp-ap-«p¶ c−v hn`m-K-§sf I]-Shpw _lnÀ`m-K-Ø-hp-amb A¦-am-bn-cn¡pw Ah-cp-sS-Xv. F¶mÂ Cu X«n¸p bp²-¯nÂ Ccp hn`m-K-¯n-sâbpw t\XrXzw bYmÀ°-̄ nÂ H¶v Xs¶-bm-Wv. Ccp hn`m-Khpw ssIh-i-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ bp²-ap-X-ep-Ifpw Iog-S-¡p¶ \ne-§fpw sN¶p-tN-cp-¶Xv Htc Iam³U-dpsS ASp-t¯¡mWv. Cu hymP-bp-²-¯nÂ ]s¦-Sp-¡p¶ Hcp-hn-`mKw \S³amÀ hkv{Xm-e-¦m-c-§fpw aäp Na-b-§epw apJw aqSn-I-fp-a-Wn-ªv i_vZ-{I-ao-I-cWw

\S¯n “{]_p-²-cpsS” `mKw A`n-\-bn-¡p-¶p. atä hn`mKw ‘]ptcm-ln-X-cp’sS `mKhpw.

‘hyP-{]-_p-²-cp’sS `mK-amWv A`n-\-bn-¡m³ Ffp-̧ w. sXc-sR-Sp¯ bqtdm-̧ y³ Nn -́Ifpw Bi-b-§fpw hnX-cWw sN¿p-Ibpw ]Sn-ªm-d³ PohnX coXnbpw kmaqly _Ô-§epw s]cp-amä acym-Z-Ifpw {]N-cn-¸n-¡p-I-bp-amWv Ah-cpsS

IÀ¯hyw. Cu I]S _p²n-Po-hn-IÄ P\-§se ‘B[p-\n-Icm’¡p¶p. bqtdm-]y-\-Ãm¯v kaq-l-§-fnse ]ptcm-K-a-t\-Ñp-¡fpw hnZo#v-bm-k-¼-¶-cp-amb bphm-¡sfbpw A`n-Pm-X-sc-bpw. bptdm-]y³ kwkv¡m-c-̄ n-te¡v BKn-cWw sN¿p-¶p. C§s\ ]mÝm-Xy³ \pgªp Ib-ä-¯n\v Hc-Sn-¯d e`n-¡p-¶p. ]mÝm-XyÀ¡v A]-cn-Nn-Xsc a\-Ên-em-¡m\pw Ah-cp-am-bp-ff Bi-b-hn-\n-abw Ffp-̧ -am-¡m\pw AhÀ

Hcp ]me-ambn hÀ¯n-¡p-¶p. ‘aX-{`m-ńsâ AÚmX ‘tIm«-Isf’ kmwkv¡m-cn-I-ambpw km¼-¯n-I-ambpw Iogvs -̧Sp-¯p-X-bmWv Cu ZuXy-¯nsâ Ań-a-^-ew. hyh-kmb hXvI-c-W-¯n-sâbpw B[p-\n-I-im-kv{Xnb ImgvN-¸mSv BÀPn-¡p-¶-Xnâbpw {]Y-ahpw {][m-\-hp-amb D]m[n kzkw-kv¡m-c-¯n\pw Ncn-{X-¯n-\p-sa-Xnsc Ielw Iq«p-I-bm-sd¶v Øm]n¨p sIm−mav km{am-PyXz BKn-c-W-{]-Øm-\-¯nsâ Bcw-̀ w. {]_p-²-X, B[p-\n-I-X, ]ptcm-K-a\w CXymXn Xe-s¡-«p-IÄ¡v Iogn-emWv Cu {]Øm-\-̄ nsâ {]hÀ¯\w. Hcp hn`mKw P\-X-bpsS Iem-kmw-kvIm-cnI [mÀanI aqÃy-§Ä k¼qÀ®-ambn \nl-\n-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp¶p CXnsâ Dt±-iyw. CXnsâ {]Y-ah ]Sn-bmbn6 ]cn-K-Wn-¡-s¸-«Xv aX-hn-iz-k-t¯m-Sp-ff t]mcm-

«hpw tIh-e-am-b-\n-kw-K-XbpsS AYhm ‘kmwkvIm-cn-I-amb ap³[m-c-W-IÄ-C-Ãm-

Xncn”¡envsâ {]Nm-c-W-hp-am-bn-cp-¶p. aXw Hcp `qX-Ime hkvXp-hm-sW¶v imkv{X-ÚÀ sXfn-bn-¨-Xmbn XmXzn-I-X-e-¯nÂ {]N-cn-̧ n-¡-s -̧«p; `qcn-]£w ]Sn-ªm-d³ a\o-jn-Ifpw imkv{X-Úcpw ]cy-th-j-W-¡mcpw Kth-i-Icpw aX-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-sW¶ hkvvXpXD−m-bn-cp-¶n«p IqSn . ka-Im-enI a\pjy hnÚm-\s¯ h³tXm-

9

XnÂ DbÀ¯p-Ibpw klm-bn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXn-«p-−v Ch-cpsS kw`m-h-\-IÄ. Zn\-]-{X-§Ä hmbn-¡p-Ibpw ^À®o-¨tdm thj-hn-[m-\-lvMtem D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ \ne-hm-c-¯n-se-¯n-¡-gn-ªmÂ apkvenw kaq-l-§-fnse AÀ² _p²#nPo-hn-I-fmb bphm-¡Ä-þ-hn-injym IW¡pw Poh-im-kv{Xhpw ]Tn-¨-hÀþ DSs\ ssZh-\n-ti-[n-I-fm-hpw. F¶mÂ aX-ssN-X\yw imkv{Xn-b-t\z-j-W-§-fpsS \s«-Ãm-sW¶v

sF³Ìo³ ]d-bm-dp-−m-bn-cp-¶p. ‘hnizm-k-an-Ãm-¯-hÀ AI¯v {]th-in-¡-cpXv’ F¶v imkv{X-¯n³sc A`n-am-\-amb amIvkv ¹m³Iv hnfn¨p ]d-bpI ]Xn-hm-bn-cp-

¶p.F¶mÂ \½psS CkvemanI cmPy-§-fnse ‘B[p-\n-I-X-e-apd Cu c−v imkv{X-Ú-·m-cpsS t]cp-tIÄ¡p-t¼m-g-t¯-¡p-Xs¶ A¸p-d-tam¶pw Nnń-¡msX aXhnkzm-k-§Ä¡v hg-§m-̄ -h-cm-bn-̄ o-cm³ hy{K-X-Im-«p-I-bm-Wv. ssZhm-kvXnIyw F¶ {]iv\-¯nÂ bqtdm-¸nÂ ]qÀ®-amb D¯cw \ÂI-s¸-«p-I-gn-ªp-sh¶v ka-Im-eo-\-im-kv{X-¯nsâ t]cnÂ AhÀ {]Jym-]n-¡p¶p!. kmÀ{Xnsâ `mj-bnÂ ]d-ªmÂ {]_p-²-cmb B[p-\n-I-cpsS `mKw A`n-\-bn-¡p¶ \S³am-cn-eqsS hmÀs¯-Sp-¡-s¸« Cu I]S bqtdm-]y³ Xe-apd aÀ±I bqtdm-]y³ km{am-PyXz iàn-IÄ¡p-th−n ZÃmÄ]Wn \S-¯p-¶-h-cm-Wv. jm³sUÂ ]d-bp-¶-Xp-t]mse, P\-§sf kzX-{´-ambn sImÅ sN¿m³th−n Ahsc sImÃp-¶Xv \nÀ¯nb IÅ-·mÀ¡v hgn-Im-«n-s¡m-Sp-¡p-I-bm-W-hÀ. X§-fpsS B[n-Im-cnI kaq-ls¯ kz´w Ic-§Ä sIm−v inYn-e-am-¡p-I-bmWv Ah-cpsS {][m\ZuXyw. X§Ä¡p-ÅXpw `qX-Im-e¯- -̄\n¶v ]uXr-I-ambn e`n-¨-Xp-saÃmw AhÀ XIÀ¡p-¶p. km{am-Py-Xz-§-fpsS t\«-§Ä¡p-th−n ]c-¼-cm-K-X-amb kaq-l-¯n³taÂ bqtdm-]y³ Pohn-X-co-Xnbpw cmjv{Sob `cW \nÀÆ-l-W, km¼-¯n-I, kmwkvIm-cn-I, [mÀ½n-I, {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-am-Xr-I-Ifpw AhÀ ASn-t¨Â]n-¡p-¶p. Cu A`y-ć km{am-PyXzZÃmÄamÀ ]c-¼-cm-KX kaq-l-§Ä B[p-\nI bqtd-]y³ a\p-jy-s\bpw imkv{X-s¯bpw kwkvIm-c-s¯bpw Ipdn-¨-dn-ª-Xv. bqtdm-¸nÂ t]mep-an-Ãm-¯{X hr¯n-sI« B[p-\n-I-Xbpw \mK-cn-I-Xbpw AhÀ ]Tn-¸n-¨p. I]S B[p-\n-I-cp-Swbpw ]mÝm-Xy-hÂIrX _p²n-Po-hn-I-fpsSbpw F®-s¸-cp-¸-¯nsâ ImcWw CXv hni-Zo-I-cn-¡p-¶p. CkvemanI cmPy-§-fnkv I]-S-{]-_p-²Xm {]Øm-\-̄ n-sâbpw B[p-\n-I-em-Z-̄ n-sâbpw ap¶-Wvt¸m-cm-fn-IÂ Bcm-bn-cp-¶p? anÀkm aÂIpw-Jm³ (1833þ1908) BWv Ccm-\nÂ X«n¸p hmKm-hm-Z-th-Zn-bnÂ I]S B[p-\nI _p²n-Po-hn-bpsS `mK-a-`n-\-

bn¨p BZyw {]Xy-£-s¸-«-Xv. AbvÂ hotdmsS {]N-cn-¸n¨p; “bntdm-]y³ _m¦p-IÄ Cdm-\nÂ imJ-IÄ Xpd-¡s«. hntZ-i-I-¼-\n-IÄ Cdm-\n-te¡v hcs« A§s\

cmPyw ]ptcm-KXn ssIh-cn-¡-s«..... Ahsc `b-s¸-tS−” k¿vZv lk³ XJo-km-sZ-

bm-bn-cp¶p asäm-cmÂ. Abm-fpsS Ah-Im-i-hmZw ImWpI; “ ]ptcm-KXn t\Sm-\pÅ GI amÀcw ]cn-]qÀW bptdm-]y³ hÂ¡-c-W-am-Wv. bptdm-]yÀ¡v Iogvs¸-

SpI F¶ t_mw_v B Znh-k-§-fnÂ Cdm-\nÂ BZyw hÀjn-¨Xv Rm-\m-bn-cp-¶p...” aXw XpS-¨p-\o-¡-s¸-s«-¦nte Iog-S-§Â t_mw_v apkvenw kaq-l-̄ nsâ lrP-b-¯nÂ ]Xn-¡p-I-bp-Åp. CÉmw ]nń-cn-¸\pw ]ptcm-K-a-\-hn-cp-²hpw B[p-\nI hÂ¡-c-W-̄ n-s\-Xn-cp-am-sW¶v C¶s¯ aÂIp-ap-amÀ {]N-cn-¸n-¡p-¶p. AXvsIm−v hntZ-i-_m-¦p-IÄ¡pw I¼-\n-IÄ¡pw hym]m-c-kw-L-§Â¡pw Fs´-lvInepw {]iv\tam XS-Êtam A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡msX IS¶p hcmw! AtX kabw ]gb a«p-Im-c-\mb Bb-¯pÃm anÀkm lk³ jndmkn Xsâ apgp-hÂ aXm-[n-Im-c-

10

t¯mSpw Adn-thmSpw IqSn CuÌn-ým-I-¼-\n-bpsS ktlm-Z-cn-bmb sdPn

I¼\nsb shdp¯p “Cu \nanjw apXÂ ]pI-bne D]-tbmKw Cam-an-s\-Xnsc

bp²w sN¿p-ń\v ka-amWv”F¶-t²lw {]Jym-]n-¨p. CtXmsS “aX-{`m-´-cmb” P\-§Ä I\-]-\n-s¡-Xnsc Cf-In. F{X-t¯m-f-sa-¶mÂ JmPÀ cmPm-hnsâ `mcy-amÀ

cmP-sIm-«m-c-¯nÂ BÀ¡pw ]pI-bne \ÂIm³ IqSm-S-¡n-bn-Ã.!” aX-{`m-´³ \pg-

ªvI-g-ä-¡m-c-\mbv” Pam-ep-²o³ Ak-Zm_n òjWn aW-̄ -dn-bp-Ibpw hnfn-̈ p-]-d-

bp-Ibpw sNbvXp: “ Ch-cn-hnsS Hcp_v¦v Øm]n-¡m-\p-t²-in-¡p-¶p. F{X-k-l-Xm-

]mÀlw Hcp-_m-¦v. F´mWv _m¦v F¶v \n§Ä¡-dn-bmtam?” AsX htc-Wy-cp-tSbpw Ipeo-\-cp-tSbpw kap-l-¯nse ]ptcm-K-a-\-hn-`m-K-§-fp-

tSbpw kvac-W-I-fnÂ \n¶v aXw XpS¨v \o¡-Ww. F¦nte ‘ hn]-Wn-

bpsSaX’a¯n\pw ‘]p¯³ ASn-a-¯-¯n\pw’ km[yX e`n-¡p. a[y-Im-e-̄ nsâ AÔ-Im-c-¯n³ kv́ w kÀti-jnbpw sIm−v temIs¯ hnk-a-bn-̧ n¨ cmjv{Sw A´À apJ-am-hp-Ibpw AKm-[-amb KÀ¯-¯nÂ \n]-Xn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]pd-ta¡v Pzen-¡p-¶Xpw AIw s]mÅ-bm-bn-¯oÀ¶-Xp-am-hp. Ct¸mÄ \½psS cmjv{S-¯n\v kz´-ambn hoSp-IÄ \ncvan-¡p-hmt\m kz´w hkv{X-§Ä [cn-¡p-hmt\m kz´-ambn apdn-IÄ Ae-¦-cn-¡p-hmt\m Ig-hn-Ã. F§s\ `£Ww Ign-¡-W-sa¶v Xocp-am-\n-¡m³ t]mepw AXv ss[cy-s¸-Sp-¶n-Ã. CtX-k-abw \mS-I-im-e-bpsS FXnÀ hit¯ thZn-bnÂ asämcp Iq«w \S-·m-cp-−v. Ah-cpsS Na-b-§Ä thsd-bm-Wv. \mS-Ihpw thsd. FÃm \S-·mÀ¡pw ]p®y ]pcp-j³am-cpsS apJ-am-Wn-hn-sS. thj-hn-[m-\-§-sfÃmw aX-Io-bw. ssZhw, ]c-tem-Iw, \c-Iw,-kzÀ¤w, kÂ¡Àaw, ]mhw, shfn-]m-Sv, {]hm-N-I³, JpÀ-B³, -C-am-a-Xv, ]cn-ip-²n, kq£-a-X, Bßo-b-X, kZm-Nm-cw, [À½-\n-jvS, hnc-àn, XpS-§n-b-hsb ]än-bmWv AhnsS kw`m-j-W-§Ä, ]ns¶ Cl-temIw ùXn-Im-IÀj-W-§-fnÂ \n¶v Xncnªp If-bp-¶-Xvs\-¡p-dn¨pw. Gsd Zpjv¡-c-amWv Cu A`n-t\-Xm-¡-fpsS tPmen. Zzμm-ß-I-`m-K-am-W-h-cp-sS-Xv. aXw {]N-cn-¸n-¨vs¡m−v thWw-C-hÀ¡v aX-s -̄\-in-̧ n-¡m³! aXm-Nm-c-§Ä A\p-jvTn-¡p-Ibpw BZ-cn-¡pbpw sN¿p-¶p-sh-¶mWv Ch-cpsS \mSyw. al-¯p-¡sf hmgv¯p-¶p-sh¶pw hnip-²-{K-Ù-¯nÂ \n¶v ]cn-ip-²nbpw A\p-{K-lhpw k¼m-Zn-¡p¶psh¶pw `mhn¨v ChÀ aX-t\-Xm-¡-fpsS A[ym-]-\-§fpw JpÀ-B-\nsâ k¯bpw ad¨psh¡p-¶p. AXv {Kln-¡p-¶-XnÂ \n¶pw P\-§sf XS-ªp-\nÀ¯p-I-bm-Wn-hÀ. _mly-cq-]hpw Df-f-S-¡hpw \ne-\nÀ¯p-t¼mÄ Xs¶ aXs¯ AXn-s\-Xnsc Xncn-¨p-\-in-̧ n-¡p-¶p. CXn\v Cd-¡p-aXv sNbvX aX-hn-cp² Nn´-I-fpsS klm-b-hp-ap-−v. Cu \mS-Im-`n-\-b-¡mÀ cq]hpw Df-f-S-¡hpw X½nÂ s]mcp-¯-an-Ãm¯`mK-amWv Ifn-¡p-¶-Xv. c−v hncp-²-L-S-I-§sf Iq«n-bn-W-¡p-I-bmWv Ah-cpsS Npa-X-e. ]cn-N-b-k-\-]-¶cpw \n]p-W-cp-amb \S-·mÀ km[n¨ Akm-Zy-Im-cyw! CX-c-a-X-§-fp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s¸-Sp-¯p-t¼mÄ Cu hni-b-¯nÂ Ncn{Xw sXfn-ªp-ImWpw hn[w Zpc-´-]qÀ®-am-Wv. Ckvemans\ asämcp CkvemwsIm−v t\cn-Sp-¶-Xn\v Ckmemansâ i{Xp-¡Ä Ah-cpsS apgp-h³ AZ-[zm-\hpw {]Xn-`bpw hnÚm-\hpw hn\n-tbm-Kn-¨n-«p-−. BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-§sf I]-S-ambn {]IoÀ¯n-¡pI hgn Ckvemansâ kXys¯ \in-̧ n-¡p-I-bmWv Ah-cpsS Dt±iyw. Ckvemans\ Ckvemw sIm−v t\cn-Sp-I. ImcWw BhnÀ`mhw apX-en-¶p-hsc i{Xp-¡-fp-ambn apJm-apJw \S-̄ n-b-t¸m-sgms¡ Ckvemw hnP-b-s¡mSn \m«n ]pd¯p h¶-Xm-bmWv Ncn-{Xw, Ckvemw AXnsâ {]Xm-]-¯nsâ Gäw Xmgv¶ ]Sn-bnepw i{Xp-

11

¡Ä iàn-bpsS ]c-tIm-Sn-bnepw Bbn-cp¶ ka-b-§-fnÂ t]mepw. i{Xp an{X-¯nsâ DS-bm-S-I-f-Wn-ª-t¸mgpw _lp-ssZ-h-Xzhpw Agn-a-Xnbpw \³a-bp-sSbpw `àn-bp-sSbpw \of-¡p-¸mbw [cn-¨-t¸mgpw Ckvemw, AI¯v \n¶v aen-\-am-¡-s¸-«n-«p-−v. AtX-k-abw AXnsâ _mly-tim-`bpw BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-§-fpsS ]pdw {]Xm-]hpw ]c-tIm-Sn-bn-em-bn-cp¶p Xm\pw. Ckvemansâ X\n-abpw ssNX-\yhpw AkvX-{]-`-am-bn. AXnsâ Gäw ]cn-ip-²cpw BßmÀ°-bp-f-f-h-cp-amb A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw t\Xm-¡fpw AXnsâ Xs¶ hmfn-\mÂIp-cp-Xn-sIm-Sp-¡-s -̧«p. Aa-hn-IÄ em¯-bp-sSbpw lp_-en-sâbpw hn{K-l-§Ä ssIbp-te-ń-b-h-cm-bn-cp-¶p. {]hm-N-I-s\-Xnsc hmfq-cn-b-t¸mgpw JpÀ-B\p t\sc A¼-bvX-t¸mgpw _Z-dnÂ ]cm-P-bhpw InS-§p-bp-²-¯nÂ A]-am-\-hp-am-bn-cp¶p Ah-cvU¡v hn[n-̈ -Xv. i{Xp-¡-fnÂ \n¶v Hmtcm BK-X-taÂ¡p-t¼mgpw Ckveman\v IqSp-XÂi-ànbpw Xnf-¡hpw e`n-̈ p. Hcp ]Sn-IqSn apt¶m«v \o§n A_p-kp-̂ ymsâ IY-sb-Sp-¡p-I.-C-cp-]Xv hÀi-§-tfmfw Ckvemans\Xnsc KqVm-tem-N\ \S-¶-A-t±-l-¯nsâ hkXn Ckvemansâ A -̀b-Øm-\-am-bn. Abm-fpsS c−p a¡-fn-sem-cm-fmb bkoZv Ckvemansâ [Àa-`-S-\m-bn. imanÂ Ckvemansâ ]XmI DbÀ¯p-Ibpw sNbvXp. asä aI³ apB-hnb {]hm-N-Isâ kJmhpw JpÀ-B³ teJ-I-\p-am-bn. AS-hp-amän an{X-thiw [cn¨p i{Xp-¡sf t\cn-«-t¸mÄ kn^vô³bp-²-̄ nÂ AhÀ _Z-dnse ]cm-P-b-̄ n\p ]Icw ho«n. _Z-dnÂlp-_Â hn{K-l-¯n\p {]XnÚ sN¿pI aqew AhÀ i{Xp-¡-fmbn Xncn-̈ -dn-b-s -̧«n-cp-¶p. kn^vô\nÂ AhÀ AÃm-lp-hn\p {]XnÚ sNbvXp-an{X hkv{X-a-anªp i{Xp-¡-fm-bn. t\c-tX-sX-b-hÀ JpÀ-B-\n-s\-Xnsc As¼-¿p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. Ct¸m-g-hÀ JpÀ-Bs\ Ah-cpsS sImSn-I-fnÂ \m«n-bn-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. J´¡v bp²-̄ nÂ InS-§n-\-¸p-d-am-bmÂ- A-a-hn-IÄ¡v ]cm-Pbw ]nW-ªp. F¶mÂ shf-f-̄ nsâ C¡sc Cgªp h¶-Xn\p tijw, J´-¡nÂ Ahsc ]cm-N-b-s -̧Sp-̄ nb AtX a\p-jy-t\mSv bq{^-«o-knÂ(-IÀ_-e) \njv{]-bmkw ]Icw ho«n. Ckveman\pw apkvenw IÄ¡pw Gähpw henb A]-ISw _lp-ssZ-h-hn-kzm-kn-

Itfm Ahn-izm-kn-Itfm hn{K-lm-cm-[-Itcm ùXnI hmZn-Itfm AnÃ. adn¨v “I]-S-

·m-cmWv” F¶v {]hm-N-I\pw JpÀ-B\pw ZoÀL-ZÀi\w sNbvXn-«ps−¶vvv {]hm-N-Is\bpw JpÀ-B-s\bpw ]cn-N-b-ap-f-f-hÀs¡ms¡ Adnbmw. BZyw ]dª Iq«-cmcpw Ckvemansâ {][m-\-shÃp hnfn-bm-bn-cp-¶nÃv ImcWw Ah-cp-am-bp-ff bp²-§-fnÂ _u²n-I-ambpw ssk\n-I-ambpw Ckveman\mbncp¶p Pbw. Ckv emanI \oXn-bpsS taÂ¸p-Sh [cn¨ aÀ±-I\pw Xulo-Znsâ ap{Zm-hmIyw apg-¡p-¶-hn-{K-l-þ-a-\p-jy-þ-]-W-þ-A-[n-Im-cm-cm-[-I-cp-amWv Gsd A]-ISw ]nSn-¨-i-{Xp. ]cn-{hm-P-I-\mb ]pWy-hm-fsâ Na-b-§-f-Wnª ASn-a-hym-]m-cn. _lp-ssZ-h-Xz-¯n³sc ssII-fnse D]-I-cWw. Ckvemans\ Bbp-[-am-¡p¶ i{Xp. AÚ-X-bp-sSbpw \n{Z-bp-sSbpw c£m-[n-Im-cn.-AÔ hnizm-k-§fpw \pW-Ifpw sI«p IY-Ifpw {]N-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-h³. kmaq-ln-I-k-Xw-`-\m-h-Ø-bp-sSbpw \oN-Xz-¯n³scbpw {]Xn-\n-[n. Ckvemansâ t]cnÂ P\-§sf NXn-¡p-¶-h³. ZpÀhn-[nbpw Zmcn-{Zyhpw \nμy-Xbpw ad¶p If-bm\pw i{Xp-¡-fpsS KqVm-tem-N-\-IÄ Ah-K-Wn-¡m\pw Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶-h³ `qan-bnse hn{K-l-§sf Xr]vXn-s¸-Sp-¯m-\v, ssPh {]oXn¡p th−n-bp-f-f-sX¶ a«nÂ, \ne-hn-ep-ff hyh-Øn-Xnsb AwKo-I-cn-¡m³P-\-§sf AhÀ t{]cn-¸n-¡p-¶p. AÚ-Xbpw aÀ±-\hpw ZuÀ_-Ãyhpw Zmcn-{Zyhpw ]nt¶m-¡m-h-Øbpw tcmK-§fpw kln-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v am{Xw {]Xn-̂ ew \ÂIp¶ {]Xn-̀ m-k-am-bn Ckv emanse ssZh-s¯ Nn{Xo-I-cn-¡p-¶-h³ I]-S-\m-Wv. bYmÀ°-¯nÂ Ckemanse ssZhw A´-Êns\ BZ-cn-¡p-¶p. k¼¯v Hcp \Ã kwK-Xn-bmWv JpÀ-Bsâ ZrjvSn-bnÂ. Ckemw \oXn-bp-sS-bpw-im-kv{X-¯n-sâbpw kuμ -cy-̄ n³scbpw aX-am-Wv. apkvenwIfpsS AÔ-hn-izm-khpw ]nt¶m-¡m-h-Øbpw Zmcn-{Zhpw NqjWw

12

sN¿p-¶-h-cnÂ \n¶v {]Xn-êw e`n¡pw F¶ Imc-W-¯m-emWv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-IÄ CsXÃmw sN¿p-¶-Xv. Ckvem ans\ ]c-ky-ambn Xf-fn-¸-d-ª-h-sc-¡mÄIq-Sp-X-embn I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sf-¡p-dn-̈ mWv JpÀ-B³ A[nIw tZjy-t¯m-Spw shdp-t¸mSpw IqSn kwkm-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. CXv bmZr-Ýn-I-a-Ã. C¯cw apkvenwIsf Ipdn-¨mWv JpÀ-B-\nse Hc-²ymbw Xs¶.9

a¡-bpsS Npäpw _lp-ssZ-hh-h-izm-kn-I-fm-bn-cp-¶-t¸mgpw aZo-\sb i{Xp-¡Ä hf-ª-t¸mgpw {]hm-N-I³ sXÃpw `bw IqSmsX _nw_-§Äs¡-Xnsc KÀÖn-̈ p. \nÝ-b-ZmÀVy-t¯msS, Bß-hn-izm-k-t¯msS, imŃn -̄\mbn At±lw InS§v Ipgn-¨p. CsXm-c-Ûp-X-a-Ã. AÀ²-Zzo]v H¶-S¦w At±-l-¯n\v Iogvs]-«p. _mÀt_-dn-b-·m-cp-sSbpw AbÂ]-¡s¯ _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-knIfpsSbpw A]-ISw At±lw XpS-̈ p-\o-¡n. hS¡pw sX¡p-apÅ c−v henb km{am-Py-§sf \nÀho-cy-am-¡n. temIs¯ A½m-\-am-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp¶p Cu km{am-Py-§Ä. h³ssk\y§Äs¡-Xnsc bp²w \S-̄ nb FÃm Ak-́ p-enX bp²-§-fnepw At±lw hnPbw sImbvXp. Npcp-¡-¯nÂ iàn-bpsS ]c-tIm-Sn-bnÂ F¯n \nÂs¡bmWv At±lw A\p-bm-bn-I-tfmSv hnS-]-d-bm³ B{K-ln-¨-Xv. B ka-b¯v {]hm-N-I\v thh-em-Xn-bp-−m-bn-cp-¶p.

hfsc Icp-X-tem-sS-bm-W-t±lw kwkm-cn-̈ -Xv. “A\p-bm-bn-I-fpsS F®-¨p-cp¡w

aqew Ckvemw Hcn-¡epw ]cm-P-b-s¸-Sp-I-bnÃ F¶-t±-l-¯n-\-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-¶p” Xpd¶ bp²-¯nÂ Ckvemw ap«p-a-S-¡p-I-bnÃ. _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-I-fp-tStbm Ahn-izm-kn-I-fp-tStbm hmfp-IÄ¡v AXns\ sh«napdn-¡m-\m-hn-Ã. Xsâ kz´w aX-

¯nsâ ‘HutZym-KnI’A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw kwc-£-I-cp-amhpw Xsâ hoSv s]mfn-¡p-I F¶v {]hm-N-I-\-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-¶p. Xsâ {]apJ kJm-¡Ä Aensb s]mXpPohn-X-¯nÂ \n¶v ]n³hm-§m³ t{]cn-¸n-¡p-sa¶pw \a-kv¡-cn-¡p-Ibpw t\ms¼-Sp-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ kq£-am-ep-¡-fmb ]cn-ip-²-·mÀ k^vô³ bp²-¯nÂ Aen¡v ]n³h-en-¡p-sa¶pw \lvd-hn³ bp²-̄ nÂ AhÀ Aen-s¡-Xnsc hmfq-cp-sa¶pw HSp-hnÂ alvdp-anÂsh¨v Ah-c-t±-ls¯ h[n-¡p-sa¶pw (F.-Un. 661) {]hm-N-I\v Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-¶p ssk{]kv Iog-S-¡p-t¼mtgm _lp-ssZ-h-Xz-¯-¯nsâ hmfp-I-fmtem BhnÃ A_q-ZdvÀ h[n-¡-s¸-SpI F¶v {]hm-N-I³ Adn-ªn-cp-¶p. Xsâ almkJm-¡-fn-sem-cm-

fmb Dkvamsâ IÂ -̧\-{]-Imcw, Ckvemansâ ‘HutZym-KnI’ \nb-tam-]-tZm-jvSmhv IA-_pÂ Al-_m-dnsâ aX-hn-[n-sb-¯p-SÀ¶v d_vZm acp-`q-an-bn-te¡v \mSp-I-S-¯-s¸«v GIm-In-bmbn ]«n-Wn-In-S-¶mWv At±lw acn-¡p-I F¶pw {]hm-N-I-\-dn-bm-am-bn-cp¶p. At±-l-¯nsâ Bß-an-{X-amb lpPvdnsâ12 sIme-]m-X-Is¯ Ipeo-\-cpsS km£n-sam-gn-Ifpw HutZym-KnI ap^n-Xn-I-fpsS aX-hn-[n-Ifpw \ymbo-I-cn-¡p-sa¶v At±lw Adn-ªn-cp-¶p. Xsâ IpSpw_w Iq«-s¡m-e-sN-¿-s¸-Sp-Ibpw _μn-I-fm-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sN¿p¶ apldw ]¯v JmZn-kn-b-bntem bÀaq¡n-te13tbm bqtdm-]n-sâtbm kok-dp-tStbm JUvK-§-fmtem BhnÃ D−m-hp-I-sb¶pw skmdm-kv{Sn-b³ Aán-bm-cm-[-It\m {Ink-Xy³ ]mXn-cntbm PqX-]p-tcm-ln-Xt\m {_mÒW k\ym-kntbm aX-hn[n {]Im-c-aÃ AXv \S-¡p-I-sb¶pw CkvemanI \nb-a-]-WvUn-X-

·m-cpsS hn[n-b-\p-k-cn¨v CkvemanI Jeo-^-bmb ‘hnizm-kn-I-fpsS t\Xmhpw’ hnJym-X\pw hnP-{io-em-fn-X-\-\p-amb [À½-tbm-²m-hnsâ ]p{X³ Dss_-Zp-Ã-bpsS D¯-c-hp-{]-Im-c-amWXp-−m-hp-I-sb¶pw Ckvemansâ ssk\y-amWv Xsâ IpSpw-_s¯ Adp-sIm-e-sN-¿p-I-sb¶pw {]hm-N-I³ Adn-ªn-cp-¶p. kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fpsS `qan-Io-g-S-¡p-Ibpw A\y-a-X-tZ-hm-e-b-§-fpsS Øm\¯v akvPnZv ]Wn-bp-Ibpw {]mÀ°-\-bn-te¡p hcnI F¶ ssZhnI £Ww(A-Zm³) temI-am-k-Iew hnfn¨p ]d-bp-Ibpw JpÀB³ t{ImUn-I-cn-¡p-I-b-pw tIm¸n-sb-Sp-¡p-Ibpw {]N-cn-¸n-

¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ AtX ssk\yw! “apl-½-Znsâ aX-¯n-s\-Xnsc Iem-]-ap-−m-¡p-

13

Ibpw ssZh-¯n-s\-Xnsc ]m]w sN¿p-Ibpw ssZh-Zq-Xsâ Jeo-^-bvs¡-Xnsc

hn¹hw \S-̄ p-Ibpw apkvenw kaq-ls¯ ]nfÀ¡p-Ibpw sNbvX hntZ-in-I-fnÂ” \n¶v Ckvemans\ c£-s¸-Sp-¯pI hgn ‘Biq-d-‘bnse hnP-b-̄ n-eqsS AÃm-lp-hns\ BZ-cn-¡p-I-bm-W-hÀ F¶Xv F{X hnNn{Xw!hntcm-[m-`mkw! t\m¼-\p-jvTn-¡p-Ibpw \qdp-I-W-¡n\v ]Ån-IÄ ]Wn-bp-Ibpw sNbvX tk\-bm-W-Xv. t\m¡p-I. Ckveman-tâ-Xn-t\-¡mÄ Zpcn-X-]qÀ®hpw hnkva-bn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xp-amb Ncn{Xw t]sd-bn-Ã. _mly-i-{Xp-¡Äs¡-Xnsc Cu aXw Ft¸mgpw hnPbw sImbvXp. ]s£ an{X-I-c-§-fmÂ tXmÂ]n-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ckvemansâ bmYmÀ°yw AXnsâ I]-S-t\-Xm-¡-fnÂ sImÃ-s¸-Sp-Itbm hnjw Xoä-s -̧Sp-Itbm sN¿p¶Xv BÀ¡mWv k¦Â¸n-¡m³ Ign-bpI?14 ioC-k-¯nsâ Ncn{Xw CkvemanI ssNX-\y-¯nsâ Ncn-{X-am-Wv.-kz´w ico-c-¯nsâ Cc-bm-bn-̄ o-cp¶ Bßmhv. Pnlm-Zn-s\-Ip-dn¨ CkvemanI kqà-§Ä DtÃ-J\w sNbvX hmfp-IÄsIm−pw GI-sZm-h-Xz-̄ -̄ nsâ ap{Zm-hm-Iy-§Ä sIm¯n-h¨ JUvK-§ÂsIm−pw apl-½-Znsâ IpSpw_w apgp-h³ sIme-sN-¿-s¸-«p. ]ÅnIÄ ]Wn-X-hÀ, aX-tbm-²m-¡Ä, Ckveman-\p-th−n kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fpsS \new Iog-S¡n-b-hÀþ C§-s\-sb-Ãmw Adn-b-s¸-Sp-¶-h-cmWv{]hm-NI IpSpw_s¯ sIm¶-Xv. LmX-IÀ JpÀ-B-\nsâ HutZym-KnI t{ImUo-IÀ¯m-¡fpw {]Nm-c-Icpw kwc-£-I-cp-am-bn-cp-¶p. EPp-hmb Ckvemans\ C¶s¯ ]cn-lmky cq]-¯n-em-¡n-bXv ZmÀi-\nI ssk\nI i{Xp-¡-f-Ã. A\p-bm-bn-I-fmWv. A_q-ZÀdm-C-s\bpw A_q-Mp-dm-d-sbbpw t]mepÅ lZokv \nth-Z-IÀ, IA#v-_pÂ AlvdmÀ, A_q-aqk, ipssdd XpS-§nb \ymbm-[n-]-·mÀ, \nb-tam-]-tZ-jvSm-¡Ä, ssZh-im-kv{X-ÚÀ, JpÀB³ hymJym-Xm-¡Ä, `cWm[nIm-cn-IÄ, ap^n-Xn-IÄ, {]t_m-[n-IÀ, Jeo-̂ -amÀ, Bß-hn-Zym-hm-Zn-IÄ! Ckvemansâ taÂ -̧dª c£m-IÀ¯m-¡-fmWv Ckveman-Im-Nm-c-§-fpw NS-§fpw ]mc-¼-cy-§fpw Ah-bpsS aln-a-IÄ klnXw{]N-cn-¸n-¨-Xv. AhÀ Ckvemansâ {]Xm]w DbÀ¯n. AXnsâ imkv{X-hpwh \mK-cn-I-Xbpw kwkvIm-chw BYvao-b-Xbpw \«p-]n-Sn-¸n-¡p-I-b-pw hfÀ¯p-Ibpw sNbvXp. F¶mÂ CtX Bfp-IÄXs¶ Ckvemans\ AXnsâ AI¯p \n¶p \in-̧ n-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. AXnsâ AI¯v \n¶v \in-¸n-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. Ah-c-Xns\ Poh-Êp-ä-Xm¡n. Znim-t_m[w sISp-̄ n. Ne-\-an-Ãm-Xm-¡n. CsXÃmw sNbvXXv Ahn-izm-kn-Itfm ùXn-I-hm-Zn-Itfm AÃ. CÉm-an-sâ-Xvt]mse Nm{InI kz`m-h-ap-ff Ncn-{X-an-Ã. C¶p-anÃ Cu ØnXn¡v amäw. am{X-aÃ Ipsd-IqSn tami-hp-amWv! CÉm-ans\ D³aq-e\w sN¿m\mh-iy-s -̧Sp¶ B[p-\n-I-hm-Zn-Ifpw I]-S-_p-²n-Po-hn-Ifpw bqtdm-]y-hÂIrX apkvenwIfpw Ckv emansâ {]Xy£ i{Xp-¡-fm-Wv. Camw lpssksâ at\m-l-c-amb Hcp hmIyw ]cm-

hÀ¯\w sNbvXp ]d-ªmÂ “aX-hn-izm-kn-I-f-sÃ-¦nÂ Npcp-§nb ]Jvjw ChÀ

kzX-{ćpw hntam-Nn-X-cp-am-Ip¶p” AhÀ kzsb ad¨p sh¡p-¶nÃv F¶-XmWv kXyw. Ah-cpsS hyàn-Xzw, e£yw, A`n-em-j-§Ä F¶nh Ah-cpsS kzX-{´m-ßm-hns\ hnfn-¨-dn-bn-¡p-¶p. ChÀ Ckveman-t\mcp òj-Wn-bÃ. Ch-cp-am-bp-ff t\Àbp-²-¯n-emWv Ckemw IqSp-XÂ i-ànbpw hocyhpw ssIh-cn-¡p-I. ImcWw ChÀ Ckvemap-ambn _p²n-]-c-amb bp²-̄ n-emWv GÀs¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. A¯cw kml-N-cy-̄ nÂ Ckveman\v AXnsâ iàhpw AP-¿-hp-am-b-bp-àn-sIm−v kZm Xncn-¨Sn \ÂIm³ km[n¡pw. ùXnI hmZ-{K-Ù-§Ät¡m A\n-Ém-anI ]cn-`m-j-It\m aX-c-lnX _p²n-Po-hnt¡m Ckvemans\Xn-sc-bp-ff B{I-a-W-¯nÂ Hc-Sn-t]mepw apt¼m«v sh¡m-\m-bn-«n-Ã. Ckvemapw ssZh-\n-μbpw Gäp ap«n-b-t¸m-

14

tgms¡ BZ-cm#i ]chpw XmÀ¡n-I-hp-am-bn-cp¶p t]mcm-«w. hnPbw Ckveman\pw. \½psS Zu_-Ãy-¯n-sâbpw Ass\-Iy-¯n³scbpw A[x-]-X-\-̄ n-sâbpw bpK-amb C¡m-e¯v t]mepw CXmWv ØnXn. DZm-l-c-W-¯n\v B{^n-¡-bnÂ Ckvemw cm£-ko-b-am-b-ù-Xn-I-hmZ {]N-c-W-s¯bpw ssIkvXh anj-\-dn-am-scbpw Htc-k-abw t\cn-Sp-¶p. F¶n«pw {]^-kÀ hn³kâv tamWn Nq−nImWn-¡p-¶-Xp-t]mse aXw amdp¶ A©nÂ \men-e-[nIw t]cpw hcp-¶Xv Ckvemante¡m-Wv. H¶nÂ Xmsg Bfp-Isf {InkvXp-aXw kzoI-cn-¡p-¶p-f-fq. Ah-cm-hs« A[n-Ihpw ]mivNm-Xy³ Akv-]-{Xn-I-fn-setbm I¼-\n-I-fn-setbm anj-\-dn-am-cp-sStbm Xt±-iob the-¡m-cp-am-Wv. {InkvXp aX {]Nm-c-¯n\pw h³I-c-bpsS Ncn-{Xw, `mj-IÄ, kwkv¡m-c-§Ä, tKm{X-§Ä, aX-§Ä, kmaqly cmjv{Snb km¼-̄ nI Øm]-\-§Ä, a\-Èm-kv{Xw, `qan-imkv{Xw B[n-bm-bh ]Tn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-ambn _ney³ IW-¡nÂ tUmf-dp-Ifpw û−p-I-fp-amWv {]Xn-hÀjw Nne-h-gn-¡p-¶Xv F¶ hkvXpX IW-¡n-se-Sp-¡p-t¼mÄ Cu F®w {i²-bÀln-¡p-¶p. apgp-h³ {]tZ-inI `mj-I-fn-te¡pw

ss__nÄ hnhÀ¯\w sN¿-s¸-«n-«p-−v. ani-\-dn-amÀ¡v “Idp-̄ -h³I-csb Ah-\-

hsâ Ioi-I-sf-t¸m-se-b-dn.bmw”. AhÀ kzbw hyà-am-¡p-¶-Xm-Wn-Xv. kI-e-hn-Zp-c-tKm-{X-§fpw hnkvarX kmaq-ly-]m-c-¼-cy-§fpw AhÀ¡v kp]-cn-Nn-X-am-Wv.16

“Ckvemans\ \in-¸n-¡p-¶-XnÂ” t\cnb hnPbw t\Sm\pw KWy-amb Hcp hn`mKw hnZymk¼-¶ -bp-hm-¡sf sIWn-bn-em-¡m\pw aX-c-lnX I]S _p²n Pohn-IÄ¡v Ign-ªn-«p-−v. F¶mÂ Ckvemans\ hnIr-X-am-¡pI hgn-bp-hm-¡sf CkvemanÂ

\n¶-I-änb “I]S aX-t\-Xm-¡tem”SmWv AhÀ X§-fpsS hnP-b-¯n\v XoÀ¯pw IS-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. ChÀ AI-än-bt¸mÄ adp-`m-K¯v I]-S-_p-²n-Po-hn-IÄ bphm-¡sf th«-bm-Sn. FÃmw kwhn-[m-\n-¡p¶ km{am-PyXz hmZn B{K-ln-¡p-¶Xpw

asäm-¶-Ã. “aX-t\-Xm-¡-fpsS `mKw” A`n-\-bn-¡p-¶-h-cpsS IÀ¯-hy-amWv Ckvemansâ hnIr-X-am-¡Â. [mcm-e-am-fp-Isf BIÀin-¡p-¶-XnÂ AhÀ hnP-bn-¡p-¶p. Iem-]-c-amb C{μ -Pm-ehpw am{ńIhnZybpw ImWn¨v AhÀ P\-§sf hio-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw amkva-cnI \n{Zbn-em-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶p. IÂ¸n-Xhpw hymP-\nÀ½n-Xhpw cmjv{Snb X{´-§-f-S-§n-b-Xp-am-b-hn-Im-c-§-eDw {]Xo-£-Ifpw CjvS-§fpw shdp¸pw hntZz-jhpw kÂ¡-cn-¨mWv AhÀ P\-§-fpsS Bßm-hns\ hnj-en-]vX-am-¡n-b-Xv. ]e t]cp-Ifpw hymtam-l-§fpw B`n-Nm-c-lvMfpw {]tbm-Kn¨v AhÀ P\-§sf ap³[m-c-W-I-fnÂ IpSp-¡n-bn-Sp-¶p. t]mf-fbpw \ncÀ°-I-hp-amb imem-\p-jvTm-\-§-fnÂ ]mgm-¡p-¶-h-cm-¡p-¶p. aXw F¶v hnfn-¡-s¸-Sp¶ Ft´m kwK-Xn-bnÂ hym]r-X-cm-hp-I-bmWv P\w. t{]aw, {]Xo-£, hntZz-jw, hncàn XpS-§nb {]tbm-P\ cln-X-am-b-G-Xm\pw BaqÀ¯ Imcy-§-fm-W-Xv. AhÀ¡v A[n-I-sam¶pw Adnªv IqSm¯ kw`-h-§fpw AtX-tNm-Ãn-bp-ff tX§-ep-I-fnepw AhÀ apgp-Ip-¶p. ]c-temIw F¶ Bibw aqew {à-Nn-¯-cm-bn-¯o-cp¶ Hcp Pohn-X-¯n-te-¡vioew sNbvsX-Sp-¡-s -̧«n-cn-¡-bmWv P\-§Ä. AtX eabw Ah-cpsS hÀ -̄am\ ØnXnbpw i{Xp-¡fpw hnkva-cn-¡-s¸-«p. Ckvemapw apkvenwIsf X§-fpsS hn[n-bnÂ \n¶v hnIÀjn-¡p¶ D]-I-c-W-ambn. iobnkw kzÀ¤-¯n-te-¡p-ff Ipdp-¡p-h-gn-bm-bn-¯oÀ¶p. X§-fpsS t{im²m-¡-sf-s¡m−v Cu temIs¯ hnkva-cn-̧ n-¡p-I-

bmbn aX-²y-£-·m-cpsS sXmgnÂ. X§-fpsS A`n-kw-t`m-Xn-Xsc ‘Ckveman”te¡v sIm−p-h-cn-I-bm-bn-cp¶p Ah-cpsS {][m-\-tPm-en. F¶p sh¨mÂ P\-§sf `qX-Im-e-s¯-¡p-dn¨p am{Xw Nnń-¡p-¶-h-cm-¡p-I. Fń-\m-Wn-sXt¶m? ]c-temI Pohn-X-¯n\p Ahsc Xbm-dm-¡m³! hÀ¯-am-\-s¯-Ip-dn¨ F´mWv ]d-bm-\p-f-fXv? acn-¡p-¶-Xn\p ap¼v HcmÄ¡m-h-iy-amb Ckvemans\¡p-dn¨v? Ct¸mÄ Ckvemamw sIm−v F\n¡v {]tbm-P\w D−m-bn-¡qsS? hÀ¯-am\ Ime¯v P\-§Ä¡v AXvsIm-−v KpWsam¶p-antÃ? \½psS Ct¸m-gs¯ AÚ-Xbpw ]«n-Wnbpw amäm³ AXn-s\-´mWp sN¿m³ Ign-bpI? sFln-I-tem-I-t¯m-Sp-ff {àw

15

\nan-̄ -am-Wn-sXms¡ F¶mhpw aX-ta-[m-hn-I-fpsS adp-]-Sn. sImf-f-cp-Xm-¯-XmWv

Cu temIw. ‘Ip¸m-b-¯nsâ Bh-iy-an-Ãm-Xn-cn-¡m³ ico-cs¯ Ah-K-Wn-

¡pI’F¶v! aX-¯nsâ t]cn-ep-ff Hcp Xcw Akw-_-Ô-ZÀi-\hpw aX-]-c-amb iq\y-Xm-hm-Z-hp-am-Wn-Xv. AXv aXs¯ A[n-Im-c- iIvXnIfpsS KpW-¯n\p th−n D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶p. P\-§Ä Cu temI-s¯-¡p-dn¨v Nn´n-¡m-Xm-hp-t¼mÄ kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw ]W-¯n-sâbpw A[n-Im-c-¯n-sâbpw Bfp-IÄ¡v (Jm-dq\pw ^tdm-h-bpw) X§-fpsS ]Z-hn-sb-sNmÃn H«pw DÂ¡WvT D−m-hn-Ã. aXw P\-§-fnÂ \n¶v `qan-bpsS sFizcyw X«n-sb-Sp¯v Aip-²-sa¶pw hr¯n-sI« ih-i-co-c-§Ä F¶pw ap{Z-Ip¯n hen-s¨-dn-bp-t¼mÄ Bcmhpw AXv ssIh-i-¸-Sp-̄ pX F¶v hyIvXw. Npcp-¡-̄ nÂ hÀ -̄am\ ØnXn-K-Xn-IfnÂ \n¶v P\-§-fpsS {i² Xncn-¡p-Ibpw

Ahsc ab-¡n-¡n-S-̄ p-I-bp-amWv ‘aX \mS-I-ime’ bnse A`n-t\-Xm-¡Ä sN¿p-¶Xv. Pnlm-Znsâ D -̄c-hm-Zn-Xz-̄ nsâ, Ne-\-̄ n-sâ, Pohn-X-̄ nsâ sFln-Ihpw G\-kz-chpw kμÀt`m-Pn-X-hp-amb Ckvemans\, `qX-Im-e-t¯t¡m ]c-tem-I-t¯t¡m BXvam\ns\ BIÀjn-¡p¶ Hcp aX-ambn amäm-\m-W-h-cpsS {iaw. \mS-I-im-e-bpsS kwhn-[m-b-IÀ `qX-Im-e-s¯tbm ac-Wm-\-´-c-Im-cy-lvM-sftbm {i²n-¡p-¶n-Ã. Ah-cpsS eJvjy-§Ä Cu temI-s¯bpw {i²n-¡m-Xn-cn-¡m³ am{Xw Aaq-Ãy-amWv Ckvemw F¶v aXm-̀ n-\-b-¡mÀ AhÀ¡p-th−n {]N-cn-̧ n-¡p-¶p. aXm-`n-\-b-¡mÀ Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p¶ Cu Ckvemw P\-§sf \n{Zm-[o-\-cm-¡p-¶p. hÀ¯-am\ Imcy-§Ä hnkva-cn-¡p¶p. C¯-c-samcp Bßo-b- \nhr-Xn-bnÂIÂ -̧\n-I-amb Hcp {]`-bn-eqsS `mh-\m-kr-jvS-amb temI-t¯¡v Btcm-lWw sN¿sh apkvenw Xncn-̈ -dn-bn-¶n-Ã. ihw Xo\n-I-fmb I]S \mSy-¡m-cpsS ssII-fnÂ X§-fpsS Ioi-bn-em-sW¶v. C\n Ah³ CXv I−p-]n-Sn-¡p¶p F¶v Icp-Xp-I. F´m-W-

h\v sN¿m³ km[n-¡pI? FXnÀ¡m-\pÅ iàntbm ka-btam Ah-\n-Ã. AXv FXnÀ¸m-h-iy-s¸-Sp-¶-Xm-sW¶ Nn´-t]mepwAh-\n-Ã. ImcWw I]-S-\m-Sy-¡m-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-¯nÂ apkv enw t\Xr-`-àn-bp-ambn amem-J-am-cpsS Nnd-Ip-IÄ [cn¨v AÃm-lp-hn-t\mSv Ign-bp-¶{X ASp¯v kzÀ¤-§-fnÂ ]mdn-¡-fn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. kÀtÆm-]-cn, Cu temIs¯ IjvS-¸m-Sp-IÄ aqew hogv̄ p¶ Hmtcm XpÅn I®p-\ocpw kzÀ¤-̄ nÂ X§Ä¡p-th−n amWn-Iy-¯n-tâtbm ]pjy-cm-K-¯n-sâbpw sIm«m-c-§Ä ]Wn-bp-sa¶v\ I]-S-\m-Sy-¡mÀ Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-¶p. C§s\ t\m¡n-bmÂ Hcp _mcÂ F® aq¶v skâv hne-Ip-d¨v In«m³ th−n-am{Xw Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h³ \pW-]-dªv NXnbpw h©-\bpw \S¯n bp²w sNbvX-²vem-\n-¡p¶ `uXn-I-hmZn, apkv enam-bn-cn-¡pI F¶-Xnsâ A\-´-amb Bßo-bm-ËmZw A\p`hn-¡m³ tbmKy-an-Ãm¯ \nIrjvS hyàn-bmWv apkvenansâ ZrjvSn-bnÂ. t{imXm-¡-fnÂ _p²n-bpÅ Iptd-t]m-sc-¦nepw aXm-`n-\-b-¡msc Xpdn¨p t\m¡m\pw tXmcm-«p-tI-«p-d-§m-Xn-cn-¡m\pw km[y-X-bp-−v. AhÀ B`n-Nm-c-§Ä {i²n-¡p-I-bm-sW¶v hnNm-cn-¡p-I. A`n-t\-Xm-¡-fpsS at{´m-¨m-cW-§Ä AhÀ¡v a\-Ên-emhpw. ssIbmw-Ky-§Â AhÀ hmbn-¡pw. kaq-l-¯nÂ B aXw \nÀÆln-¡p¶ ]¦v F´m-sW¶pw AhÀ Xncn-¨-dn-bpw. apkv enwIfpsS ssIbn-epÅ XpSp¯ B¸nÄþAXv ZpÀKÔw han-¡p-¶Xpw ]pgp-¡Ä \nd-ª-Xp-am-sW¶ `mh\ hen-s¨-dn-b-W-sa¶v C{X-b-[nIw hmin-]n-Sn-¨p ]d-bp-¶-Xnsâ Dt±iyw AhÀ¡v a\-Ên-emhpw. adp-`m-K-¯pÅ Hcp hn`m-K-¯n\v X«n-sb-Sp-¡m³ th−n-bmWv Cu hen-s -̈dn-bÂ. XpSÀs¶-́ m-Wp-−m-hp-I? kμÀ`w a\-Ên-em-¡p¶ a\p-jy³ F´p

sN¿pw? ‘aX-s¯bpw AXnsâ a\p-jy-hn-cp² PohnX \ntj[ \ne-]m-Sn-s\bpw shdp¯v t_m[-]qÀÆw Pm{K-X-tbmsS Ah³ HmSn-t¸mhpw. Ft§m«v? \mS-I-im-e-

16

bpsS adp-i-t¯¡v. Ahn-sS-b-h³ ]Ým-Xy-hÂ¡-cW {]{In-b-bpsS t{]£-I-\m-hpw. {][m\ kwhn-[m-b-Is\ kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯mfw CXnÂ hyXym-k-sam-¶p-an-Ã. ImcWw ]c-kv]c `n¶-am-sW-\¶v tXm¶p¶ Ccp- `m-K-§-fp-sSbpw Dt±-iy-§epw H¶p-X-s¶-bmWv hgn t]m¡s\ bm{X-bnÂ\n¶p XS-bp-I. CXn-\mbn D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-̄ p-¶Xv aX-s -̄bmtWm AÃtbm F¶Xv {]k-à-a-Ã. t]cp-IÄ¡pw Xe-hm-N-I-§Ä¡pw ap{Zm-hm-Iy-§Ä¡pw kz´w \ne-bnÂ F´v hne-bm-Wp-Å-Xv? CkvemanI \mSp-I-fn-te-¡p-ff {_n«sâ IS¶p Ib-ä-̄ nsâ BZy-\m-fp-I-fnÂ {_n«ojv {][m-\-a{ń ChmÀ«v ¥mUvÌ¬(1809-1898) {_n«ojv ]mÀe-saânÂ tcmj-]qÀÆw Ae-dn-bXv

CXn-sâ-sbÃmw cXv\-̈ p-cp-¡-am-Wv: “Ah-cpsS ssIbnÂ JpÀ-B-\p-f-tf-S-t¯mfw

Imew \ap-s¡m¶pw sN¿m³ Ign-bp-I-bnÃv” Ckvemapw ]mÝm-Xy³ km{am-Py-Xzhpw X½n-ep-ff i{Xp-X-sb-¡p-dn¨v NÀ¨ sN¿p-t¼m-sgm-s¡-Nne I]-S-_p-²n-Po-hn-IÄ {]Xn-tj-[n-¡m-dp-−v. Ing¡pw ]Sn-ªmdpw X½n-ep-ff _\v[w km¼-̄ n-I- Nq-j-W-̄ n-\vtdXm-sW¶pw cmjv{Snb ssN\nI {]iv\-§Ä AXnsâ DÂ¸-¶-am-sW¶pw aX-̄ n\v AXn-ep-ff ]¦v hfsc Ipd-hm-sW¶pw AhÀ ]d-bp-¶p. F¶mÂ \mw Fń-\mWv Cu _Ôs¯ Bßob {]iv\-§-fp-sSbpw aX-i-{Xp-X-bp-sSbpw ASn-Øm-\-̄ nÂ hni-I-e\w sN¿p-¶Xv? H¶m-a-Xm-bn, Ignª GXm\pw \qäm-−p-I-fnÂ Ing-¡n\pw ]Sn-ªm-dn\pw CS-bnÂ kw -̀hn-̈ Xv t]mse-bp-ff tImf-\n-hÂ¡-cW {]Xn-`m-ks¯ Ipdn¨v imkv{Xn-bhpw kmaq-ly-im-kv{X-]-c-hp-amb [mcW Cu Bfp-IÄ¡nÃ F¶v tXm\p-¶p. Zn\-]-{X-§-fnÂ \n¶pw _lp-P-\-am-[y-a-§-fnÂ \n¶pw e`n-¡p¶ Adnhv am{X-amWv tImf-Wn-hÂ¡-c-W-s -̄¡p-dn¨v I]-S-_p-²n-Po-hn-IÄ¡p-f-f-Xv. AXn-\mÂ kwkv¡m-chpw [\-im-kv{Xhpw ]c-kv]cw _Ô-s¸« Hcp XmÂ¡m-enI \nÀh-N\-¯nsâ LS-I-§-fm-sW¶pw Ahsb Imcy-Im-c-W-_Ôw Iq«n-t¨À¡p-¶p-s−¶pw AhÀ¡-dn-bnÃ.

]mc-¼cy hmZn-I-sf-t¸mse C¯cw I]-S-_p-²n-Po-hn-Ifpw ùXn-I-hmZw ⁄ Bßo-b-

hmZw AsÃ-¦nÂ hkvXp\njvTX ⁄ Bß-\n-jvTX F¶n-hsb kzX-{´hpw hyXy-kvX-

hp-amb c− -h-kvX-I-fmbn ImWp-¶p. “aXw a\p,jys\ ab-¡p¶ Idp-̧ mWv” XpS-§nb ]d-ªp-a-Sp¯ hmIy-§Ä BhÀ¯n-¡p-t¼mÄ aXw aXw shdp-samcp D]-cn-L-S\ AYhm DÂ¸m-Z\ coXn-bp-sSbpw kaq-l-¯nse km¼-¯nI _Ô-§-fp-sSbpw HcpÂ¸¶w AsÃ¶v A\n-hm-cy-ambpw k½-Xn-¡p-I-bmWv X§-sf¶v Ah-c-dn-bp-¶nÃ. aXw FÃm-¯n-sâbpw ASn-¯-dbpw ]vYa \nan-̄ -hp-am-Wv. aäp-hm-¡p-I-fnÂ, kaq-l-̄ nsâ km¼-̄ nI B -́c-L-S-\-bn-te¡v hgn I−p-]n-Sn-¡m³ km[y-am-¡p¶ Hcm-I-kvanI ]¦v aX-¯nÂ AhÀ A²ym-tcm-]n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. lrZ-bhpw IÀ¯mhpw X½n-ep-ff _Ô-¯nÂ am{Xw ]cn-an-X-amb Hcp k¼qÀ® B²ym-ßnI kZm-Nmc sshb-àn-I-a-X-amWv {InkvXym-\nkw. ]Sn-ªm-dn³sc kmt¦-XnI ]ptcm-K-Xnbpw apX-em-fn-̄ -̄ nsâ BhnÀ`m-hhpw km¼-̄ nI hfÀ¨bpw ùXn-I-\m-K-cn-I-Xbpw IW-¡n-se-Sp-¡p-t¼mÄ {InkvXp-a-X-¯nÂt]mepw It¯m-en-¡m s{]m«Ìâv hn`m-K-§Ä c−v hncp² ]¦p-IÄh-ln-¨p-«p-s−¶v amIvkvsh_À hyà-am-¡n-bn-«p-−v. H¶v hv[ymß-I-Xhpw aäXv \ntj-[m-ß-Ihpw . aäp hm¡p-I-fnÂ, ]Sn-ªm-dnsâ `qan-im-kv{X-`q-]-Shpw ]cn-tjm-[n-¡p-t¼mÄa-X-¯n\pw km¼-¯nI kml-N-cy-§Â¡p-an-S-bnÂ Hcp kl-hÀ¯nXzw ImWm-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. c−v klP {]Xn-`m-k-§Ä¡v Hcm-I-kvanI _Ô-ap-−m-bn-cn-¡p-sa¶ kmÀIv slbvan-b³ kn²m-´-¯nsâ shfn- -̈̄ nÂ s{]m«-Ìmânkw sFln-Ihpw bpàn-]-c-hpamb ss{IkvX-h-X-bm-Wv. F´p-sIm-s− -¶mÂ FÃm s{]m«-Ìâv cmPy-§fpw ùXnI ]ptcm-KXn t\Snb apX-em-fn¯ cmPy-§-fm-Wv. Ata-cn-¡bpw PÀa-

17

\nbpw DZm-l-c-Ww. ]c-tem-I-tI-{μn-Xhpw \ntj-[m-ß-Ihpw {]`q-Xz-]-c-hp-amWv adp-`m-Ks¯ Imt¯m-en-¡m-a-Xw. hyh-kmb hÂ¡-c-Whpw apX-em-fn-¯hpw h¨p t\m¡p-t¼mÄ Xmc-X-tay\ ]nt¶m¡w \nÂ¡p-¶-h-bmWv Imt¯m-en¡m kaq-l-§Ä. DZm-l-cWw Cä-enbpw kvs]bn\pw. c−p aX-§fpw ]n´p-S-cp¶ cmPy-§Ä Cu c−p {[ph-§Ä¡p at[y s{]m«-Ìâv It¯m-en¡m A\p-]m-Z-¯nsâ [\m-ßI ]mc-kv]-cy-̄ nse GtXm Hcp _nμp-hn-emWv ØnXn sN¿p-¶-Xv. {^m³kv, Cw¥−v apX-emb DZm-l-c-Ww. A\p-[m-h-I-cpsS km¼-¯nI ùXnI PohnXw cq]-s -̧Sp-̄ p-¶-XnÂ k\ym-kn-a-T-§-fpsS aXw ià-amb Hcp LS-I-ambn hÀ¯n-¡p-¶p-sh-¦nÂ hnip-²-bp²w k\ym-kn-a-T-amb aX-̄ nsâ Imcy-̄ nÂ AXv XoÀ -̈bmbpw kXy-amWv! Bbp-[-[m-cn-bmb {]hm-N-I³ Øm]-I\pw Aen A\p-bm-bn-bp-am-b-a-X-¯nsâ Imcy-¯nÂ cmjv{Sn-b-¯n-sâbpw ka-c(-Pn-lm-Zv)-¯n-sâbpw \Sp-¡mWv AXnsâ Ncn{Xw Bcw-`n-¡p-¶-Xv. {]mÀ°\¡v ka-am-WXv\v \nIpXn ]ncn-hv. Cu aXw [mÀanI hnip-²n¡pw Bßob {]N-c-W-̄ n\pw kmwkv¡m-cnI ]ptcm-K-Xn-¡p-sam¸w cmjv{Sn km¼-¯nI hyh-Ø-Ifpw Hcp \mK-cn-I-X-bpw Øm]n-¨n-«p-−v, k\ymk ss{IkvX-hX AXnsâ A\p-bm-bn-I-fpsS ùXnI PohnXw Nn«-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ Hcp iàn-bm-sW-¦nÂ `Du-an-bnÂ aÀ±-IÀs¡-Xnsc t]mcm-SpI F¶Xv kZm-ap-{Z-hm-Iy-am-¡n-bn-«p-ff Ckvemapw A§n-s\-

-̄s¶-bm-Wv. kmÀÆ-eu-InI `c-W-Iq-S-cq-]o-I-c-W-¯n\v {]tNm-Z\w \ÂIp¶ Ckvemw Cu temIs¯ ]c-tem-I-tX-sX-¡p-ff Irjn-bn-S-am-bn-I-W-¡m-¡p-¶p. aÀ±n-Xsc Iem-]-¯n\pw kmbp-[-k-a-c-¯n\pw £Wn-¡p-¶p. ka-Im-eo\ Nqj-W-hn-cp² {]Øm-\-\m-b-IÀ¡v ka-ioÀj-\mb Aen Ckvemansâ `b-̀ -àn-bpsSbpw ]cn-ip-²n-bp-sSbpw {]Xo-Ihpw Bßob kwkvI-c-W-̄ nsâ aqe-am-Xr-I-bp-amWv. Ckvemw [\-im-kv{Xs¯ [mÀ½n-I-X-bpsS B´-c-L-S-\-bmbpw ùXn-I-Xsb Bßo-b-X-bn-te-¡pÅ tkm]m-\-ambpw ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-¶p. AWn-IÄ F{]-Imcw Pohn-¡-W-sa-¶v

\nÝ-bn-¡m³ {InkvXym-\n-k-¯n\v Ign-bp-sa-¦nÂ “km¼-¯n-tIm-]m-[n-I-fn-Ãm-¯-

h³ hnNm-c-W-\m-fnepw FÃmw \jvS-s¸-«-h-\m-hpw” F¶v kphy-à-ambn {]Jym-]n-

¡p¶ {]hm-N-Isâ Ckveman\pw AXv Ignbpw. “apgp-h³ aqe-[-\hpw P\-§Ä¡n-S-bnÂ ]p\Àhn-X-cWw sN¿-W-sa¶pw NneÀ ]qgv̄ n-sh-¨n-«pÅ [\-ti-Jcw I−p-

sI-«Ww”17 F¶p-apÅ XXz-¯n-\p-th−n CkvemanI Jnem-^-¯n-s\-Xnsc ]S-s]m-cp-Xm³ PohnXw kaÀ¸n¨ tbip-hn-s\-t¸mse `à-\mb A_q-ZÀdv A\p-bm-bn-bmb aX-amWv Ckvemw.P-\-§-sfÃmw ka³am-cmWv F¶XXzw ssZh-¯n-\p-ap-¼nÂ am{X-aÃ `c-W-Iq-S-§Ä¡p ap¼nepw thWw. ]c-tem-I¯v am{X-aÃ Cu temI¯pw

thW-aXv. “ssZh-̄ nsâ \oXn-ZWvVn” \p ap¼nÂ am{Xw t]mc s]mXp-k-¼-¯nsâ Imcy-¯nepw \nb-a-{]-Imcw AXv _m[y-X-bm-hWw. Cu Ckv emansâ DÂ¸-¶-amWv A_p-ZÀdv. ho«nÂ`-£n-¡m³ H¶p-an-Ãm-ªn«pw hmfq-cn-bp²w sN¿m³ X¿m-dm-hm¯ a\p-jysc I−n«v A_p-ZÀdv AXn-ibw Iqdn. Zmcn{Zyw aX-̄ n³sc ]cn-̈ -c-Sm-sW¶pw AXv aXs¯ t]mjn-¡n-¡p-sa¶pw Ah-Im-i-s¸-Sp¶ CXc aX-t\-Xm-

¡-fpsS A²ym-]-\-§Ä¡v hn]-co-X-ambn “Zmcn{Zyw Hcp-hm-Xn-en-eqsS ho«n-\-I¯v

{]th-in-¡p-t¼mÄ hnkzmkw atämdp hmXn-en-eqsS ]pd¯v t]mhp-¶p” F¶mWv Ckvemansâ {]Jym-]\w. Zmcn-{Zys¯ ssZh-\n-μ¡v XpÃy-am-bn-¡m-Wp¶ Ckv emans\ ¡pdn-¨mWv Rm³ ]d-bp-¶Xv. Ckvemansâ Aen C§s\ {]Jym-]n¨p:

“aX-̄ n\p th−n Cu temIs¯ _en-sIm-Sp-̄ -h³ Cu temI-̄ n\p th−n aXs¯ _en-sIm-Sp-¯-h-s\-t¸mse Xs¶-bm-Wv. Ccp-Iq-«cpw \½psS Iq«-¯nÂs]-

Sp-I-bnÃ”. bmYmÀ°ym-[n-jvTnX aX-amWv Ckv emw. AXv {]Ir-Xn-sbbpw A[n-Im-c-s¯bpw kuμ -cy-s¯bpw k¼-¯n-s\bpw kar-²n-sbbpw ]ptcm-K-Xn-sbbpw a\p-jy-bm-h-iy-§-fpsS ]qÀ¯o-I-c-W-s¯bpw kvt\ln-¡p-¶p. F{X-t¯m-f-sa-¶mÂ

18

AXnsâ ssZhw, kpμ -chpw D]-Im-c-{]-Z-hp-amb ùXn-I-{]-Xn-`m-k-§fpw km[-\-§fpw {]Zm\w sN¿m-sa¶v {]XnÚ sN¿p-¶p. A´-Ên-s\bpw kt´m-j-s¯bpw a\pjy Pohn-X-¯nse Bizm-k-s¯bpw {]IoÀ¯n-¡p¶p. AXnsâ {]hm-N-I³ Pohn-Xhpw cmjv{So-bhpw A[n-Im-c-hpw kuμcyw t]mep-apÅ a\p-jy-\m-Wv. AXnsâ {KÙw Aù-Xn-I-Im-cy-§-sfbpw aX-s¯bpw Ipdn¨v ]d-bp-¶-Xn-t\-¡m-tfsd {]Ir-Xn, sFln-Iw, temIw, kaq-lw, Ncn{Xw F¶n-h-sb-¡p-dn-¨mWv kwkm-

cn-¡p-¶-Xv. {]mÀ°-\bv¡p ]Icw ka-c-s¯-¡p-dn-¨Xv {]Xn-]m-[n-¡p-¶p. “`qcn-]-£-

¯nsâ Pohn-X-̄ n-\p-taÂ B[n-]Xyw ]peÀ¯p¶ \yq\-]-£-̄ nsâ” hn[n-sb-¡p-dn¨v AXv NÀ¨ sN¿p-¶p. ssZh-̄ n\v kzbw kaÀ¸n-¡m³ AXv P\-§sf £Wn-¡p-¶p. aÀ±-\-¯n\pw AÚ-Xbv¡pw A\o-Xnbv¡pw Ak-a-Xz-¯n-\p-sa-Xnsc Iem]w sN¿m³ t{]cW \ÂIp-¶p. {IqcX ImWn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡pw ]am-[n-]-Xy-¯n\pw ]ptcm-ln-X-·mÀ¡p-sa-Xnsc s]mcpXv Bh-iy-s -̧Sp-¶p. Ckvemw tIhew D]cn LS-\-b-Ã. t\Xr-Xzhpw (Cam-a-̄ v) \oXnbpw (A-ZvÂ) AXnsâ c−v khn-ti-

j-X-Ifpw ap{Zm-hm-Iy-§-fp-am-Wv. AXnsâ (‘XpS-¡hpw hnti-j-Whpw cà-¯n-tâ-

XmWv’ P\-§sf ASn-¨-aÀ¯p-¶-Xn\pw bYmÀ°ys¯ hnIr-X-am-¡p-¶-Xn-s\-Xn-sc-bp-apÅ Iem-]-̄ n\pw ka-c-̄ n\pw H¸-amWv AXnsâ Ncn{Xw cNn-¡-s¸-«n-«p-Å-Xv, sNdp¯p \nÂ¸n-sâbpw ka-c-̄ n-sâbpw ]mX-bnÂ AXnsâ \mb-I-scÃmw Poh³ _en-\-ÂIn-bn-«p-−v. jm³sUÂ ]d-bp¶p: tkm{I-«okv XXz-Nn-´sb BIm-i¯v \n¶v `qan-bn-te¡v sIm−ph¶Xv t]mse aXs¯ ]c-tem-I¯v \n¶v Cu temI-t¯¡v sIm−p-h¶

hnizm-k-am-Wnkvemw” apkvenwIÄ¡v `mcn¨ kmaqly D¯-c-hm-Zn-¯-ap−v. Xn·-bvs¡-Xnsc s]mcpXpI. a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS hnPbhpw kzmX-{´hpw \oXnbpw \·bpw km£m-XvI-cn-¡m-\pÅ kÀÆ-sem-InI ZuXyw t]mep-ap−v apkvenwIÄ¡v. \mK-cn-I-X, A[n-Im-cw, _p²n-]-chpw imkv{Xo-bhpw Iem-]-c-hp-amb {Inbm-ß-I-X, A -́Êv, hnP-bw, kzmX{ýw F¶n-h-bmÂ k¼p-jvS-amWv apkvenw kaq-l-§Ä. Ah-cpsS kwkvImcw Bßo-bhpw samXr-Im-tbm-Kyhpw Poh-Zm-b-Ihpw Nen-̧ n-¡p-¶Xpw \nÀ½m-Wm-ß-Ihpw {]_p-²-X-]-I-cp-¶Xpw kzmX{ýw imkn-¡p-¶-Xp-amb hn`-h-§Ä \ndªp Xpfp-¼p-¶-Xm-Wv. a\p-jy-kw-th-Z-§sf k¼-¶-am-¡p¶ bpàn-þ-I-em-þ-ssh-Im-cnI {]Xn-`-bpsS Ae-dp¶ Xnc-am-e-IÄ \ndª kap-{Zw. Npcp-¡-¯nÂ CkvemanI kwkvImcw a\p-jyhw-i-¯n\v Bß-t_m-[hpw hy-àn-Xzhpw kzmX-{´hpw DZm-c-Xbpw am\-hnI iànbpw {]Zm\w sN¿p-¶p. C§-s\-sbm-s¡-bm-sW-¦nepw km{am-Py-Xz-hm-Zn-I-fpsS ZrjvSn-bnÂ Ckvemw, Cý³ _p²-a-X-¯nsâ \nÀ½mW k¦Â]-s¯-t¸m-setbm ssN\okv Xmthm-a-¯nsâ B`n-Nm-c-s¯-t¸m-setbm emän-\-ta-cn-¡³ It¯m-en-¡m-a-X-¯nsâ k\ym-k-s¯-t¸m-setbm Bkvt{X-en-b-bn-sebpw B{^n-¡-bn-sebpw AÀ² aXm-ßI \m«m-Nm-c-§-sf-t¸msetbm DÅ AaqÀ¯hpw CSp-§n-b-Xp-amb Hcp aX cq]-a-s{X.18

kmÀh-eu-InI tImf\n hXvI-c-W-¯n-sâbpw km¼-¯nI km{am-Py-Xz-¯n-sâbpw hmXnÂ -̧Sn-bn-se-̄ p-¶-Xn\p apt¼ ]mÝm-XyÀ¡v Ckvemans\ \¶m-b-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-¶p. bqtdm-̧ nÂ Xs¶ Ckvemw hntizm-̄ c \mK-cn-I-X-I-en-sem¶v Øm]n-̈ n-«p-−v. kvs]bn-\nÂ CXn-\p-]p-dsa ]e-\q-äm-−p-I-fn-embn ]e L«-§-fnÂ Ing¡pw ]Sn-ªmdpw bqtdm¸v Ckvemap-ambn FXn-cn-«p. CkmemanI kaqlw kmaq-lnI _e-lo-\-Xbpw aX-]-c-amb hn`m-Ko-b-X-Ifpw cmjv{Snb ssiYn-Ãyhpw aqew Dg-ep-I-bm-bn-cp-¶(-Ip-cn-ip-bp-²w) ka-b-¯p-t]mepw bqtdm-̧ n\v CkvemanÂ \n¶v amc-I-amb apdn-hp-I-tf-än-«p-−. Cdm-\nepw sak-t]m-t«-an-b-bnepw kndn-b-bnepw ê-kvXo-\nepw Gjym-ssa-\-dnepw A\m-tXm-en-bnÂt]mepw Ckvemw bptdm-¸nsâ aX kzm[o\w CÃm-Xm-¡n. kao] \qäm-−p-I-fnÂt]mepw bptdm¸v Ckmeman³sc ta[m-hn-Xz-¯n\v

19

km£yw hln-¨n-«p-−v. Ing-¡³ bqtdm-¸y³ cmPy-§-fm-b Cä-en-bp-sSbpw Bkv{Xn-b-bp-sSbpw taÂ iàhpw `oj-W-hp-amb B[n-]Xyw D−m-bn-cp¶p AXn-\v. ]s¯m-¼Xmw \qäm-−nÂ c−p XhW apkvenwIÄ hnb-¶- h-fªp ]nSn-¨p A{I-an-¡p-I-bp-−m-bn. temI¯v F´p \S-¡p-¶p-sh¶v {i²n-¡msX AWn-IÄ Bcm-[-\m-e-b-§-fpsS GIm-´-X-I-fnÂ HXp-§n-¡qSn \nKq-V-amb at{´m-̈ m-c-W-§-fnepw ]hn-{X-amb C{μnb \n{K-l-¯nepw hym]r-X-am-hp¶ aX-aÃ Ckvemw F¶v Ncn{Xw bqtdm-¸ns\ ]Tn-¸n-¨p. £n{]w Ne-\-ap-−m-¡p-Ibpw iàn ]I-cp-Ibpw Bß-t_m[w hfÀ¯p-Ibpw {]_p-²X \ÂIp-Ibpw cmjv{So-bm-h-t_m[w krjvSn-¡p-I-bpw-km-aqly D¯-c-hm-ZnXzw D−m-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ aX-amWv Ckv emw. Ckvemw ]Ån-bpsS Ae-¦mc hnf-¡-Ã. a\-Êns\ {]Xo-]vX-am-¡p¶ iàn hnti-j-am-W-Xv. aÀ±n-Xsc AXv Iem-]-̄ n\v £Wn-¡p-¶p. bp²-¡-f-̄ n\v hnizm-k-̄ n-sâbpw {]Xo-£-bp-sSbpw ss[cy-¯n-sâbpw ssNX\yw ]I-cp¶p. ap³Im-e- -̄\p-`-hn¨

“Ckvemansâ I]S”s¯ Ipdn¨v Kuc-h-]qÀhw Btem-Nn-¡msX F§n-s\-bmWv ]mÝm-Xy³ km{am-Py-Xz-̄ n\v CkvemanI `qan-bn-te¡v {]th-in-¡m³ Ign-bpI? CkvemanI kaq-l-̄ nsâ lrZ-b-̄ n-te¡v F§s\ IS¶p Ibdpw? AWn-I-fpsS Pohn-Xhpw ]c-¼-cm-KX Øm]-\-§fpw XIÀ¡p-¶-sX-§s\? F§s\ hn -̀h-§Äs¡m-f-f-b-Sn¡pw? ]«-W-§Ä It¼m-f-am¡pw? apkvenwIsf H¶p-an-Ãm-̄ -hcpw Akw-_Ôcpw sImf-f-cp-Xm-̄ -hcpw A\p-IÀ¯m-¡-fp-am¡pw? I]-S-t\-Xm-¡Ä aptJ\ Ckvemans\ XoÀ¯pw D·q-e\w sNbvXvsImt−m AsÃ-¦nÂ apkve#n#w-Isf `mh\m Imcy-§-fnÂ Ipcp-¡n-bn«psImt−m sImtfm-Wnb enÌp-IÄ hnP-bn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. F´mWv ]cn-lmcw? ]IpXv P\-§Ä¡v aX-s -̄Ip-dn¨v H¶p-a-dn-bn-Ã. _m¡n ]Ip-Xn-bpsS [mcW hnIr-X-am-Wv. C¯-c-samcp kaq-l-¯nÂ Hcp _u²n-Iþ Bßob hn¹hw A\n-hm-cy-am-Ip-¶p. F¦nse AsXmcp aX-\-thm-°m-\-am-Iq. N¯p PoÀ®n¨p hnIr-X-amb kwkvIm-c-̄ nsâ AkvXn-Iq-S-̄ n\v Poh³ e`n-¡p-Ibpw ]ptcm-K-a-\m-ß-I-amb kz`m-h-hn-tk-j-§fpw Ne-\mXvahpw amÀK-ZÀi-Ihpw {]_p-²-hp-amb LS-I-§fpw D−m-hp-Ibpw sN¿q. Ah Ign-ª-Im-e¯v Hfnªp InS-¡p-¶Xpw hÀ¯-am\ Xe-ap-d¡v Adnªv IqSm-̄ -Xp-amb LS-I-§-fm-hmw. _mlyhpw `mh-\m-ß-Ihpw IÂ]n-Xhpw hni-en-]vX-hp-amb tNcp-h-I-fmÂ an{iWw sN¿-s¸-«p InS-¡p-¶-Xp-am-hmw., Bcm-[-\-I-sfbpw NS-§-I-sfbpw Nn´ IqSmsX al-Xz-hÂ¡-cn-¡pI hgn hocyhpw kmchpw Ne-\hpw e£yhpw tNmÀ¶p-t]mb LS-I-§-fmhmw; AÚ-cmb kplr-¯p-¡-fp-sSbpw I]-Scpw \oXn-c-ln-X-cp-am-b -t\-Xm-¡-fp-sSbpw klm-b-t¯msS Ipgn¨v aqS-s¸-Sp-Ibpw hnkva-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX LS-I-§-f-hmw. kaqlw Cu {][m\ LS-I-§Ä Is−¯n AtX-¡p-dn¨v NÀ¨ sN¿-W-sa-¦nÂhn-¹hw Bh-iy-am-Wv. At¸msg kμÀ`-̄ nsâ XmÂ]-cy-̄ n-\-\p-k-cn¨v kaqlw \o§p-I-bp-f-fq. kaq-l-s¯-¡p-dn¨v \Ã ]nSn-]m-Sp-ff kXy-k-Ôcpw D¯-c-hm-Zn-¯-t_m-[-ap-f-f-h-cp-amb apgphv {]_p² hyàn-I-fp-sSbpw AI-a-gnª kl-I-c-W-am-Wv CXn\v Hgn¨v IqSm³ ]cvdm¯ D]m-[n. AÂ¸-sa-¦nepw imkv{Xnb ]mÝm-¯-e-ap-ff BÀ¡pw CXp-t_m-²y-amhpw Ckvemansâ Poh-kv^p-c-Ihpw Ne-\m-ß-Ihpw k{In-b-hp-amb ssNX\yw hos− -Sp-¡m³ hÀ -̄am-\-Ime Ckvemansâ Zpc´ Ncn-{X-a-dn-bp¶ t_m[-hpw- D-¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-hp-ap-ff apgp-h³ {]_p² hyàn-Ifpw X§-

fpsS kap-Zmbw A\p-`-hn-¡p¶ “ZpÈ-Ip\w ]nSn¨ sshcp-²yhpw” “hymP-Zz-μm-

XvIX”bpw ]cn-l-cn-¡p-I amamWv GI-c-£m-amÀ¤w F¶v a\-Ên-em-t¡-−n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. bmYmÀ°y-lvMsf hnIr-X-am-¡p¶Xv Ahsb D³aq-e\w sN¿p-¶Xv t]mse-Xs¶ \io-I-cW]chpw AÀYw sI«Xpw `oj-W-hp-am-sW¶v a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-h-sX-bmWv Rm³ a\-ÊnÂ ImWp-¶-Xv. Hcp hi-¯v, hgn sh«n-s¡m-Sp¡pw hn[w aXw

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Kpcp-X-c-ambn A{I-an-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw, adp-h-i-̄ v, P\-§sf Xa-ÊnÂ \nÀ¯p-¶-Xn\v aXs¯ Dcn-¹-h-ambn hmgv¯p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶Xv ImWp-t¼mÄ kmaq-ln-Ihpw a\p,#v-bXz cln-Xhpw {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-]-c-hp-amb D¯-c-hm-ZnXzw A\p-`-hn-¡p-Ibpw t_m[y-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶-hsc Poh-{]-Zm-b-Ihpw k{In-b-hp-amb CkvemanI ssNX\yw F¶-XvsIm−v Rm\p-t±-in-¡p-¶-Xv A[-]-X-\-¯n\pw APvRX¡pw ssiYn-ey-¯n\pw _e-lo-\-Xbv¡pw Iog-S-§-en\pw Zmcn-{Z-̄ n\pw lo\-X¡pw hnth-N-\-̄ n\pw AÀ²-a-Xm-ßI aqV aX-{`m-́ n\pw AÔ-hn-izm-k-̄ n\pw A]-cn-jvIr-X-Xz-¯n\pw aSp-hnÂ Npcp-§nb Imew-sIm−v Hcp hn¹-hhpw kwkvIm-chpw Ncn-{Xhpw Øm]n¨ a\p-jy-s\bpw AXn\v t{]cW \ÂInb ssNX-\y-s¯-bp-amWv.a-tlm-¶-X-am-b-kvt\-l-hmÂk-Ãy-§fpw Nn -́Ifpw {]tNm-Z-\-§fpw hgn BtN-X\ Zot]m-Õhw Bcw-`n-¨p. \nc-´-c-amb kac (Pn-lm-Zv) s¯bpw cà-km-£n-Xz-s¯bpw ASn-Øm-\-am¡n kpi-à-amb hn¹-h-ap-−m-¡n. k¼¯pw A[n-Im-chpw \ndª \mK-cn-IX ]Sp-̄ p-bÀ¯n. \hyhpw hnkva-b-I-c-hp-amb Nn´-I-fpw, Bß-]-cn-ip-²nbpw _p²n-IqÀa-Xbpw lrZ-b-{]-Im-ihpw ]cn-e-kn-¡p-¶Xpw hnIm-c-§fpw {]Xn-̀ bpw Ihn-sªm-gp-Ip-¶-Xp-amb kwkvIm-c-¯n\p P·w \ÂIn. kuμ -cyw, ka-Xzw, \oXn, sFIyw F¶o Bi-b-§fpw \·bpw BßmÀ°bpw Xpfp-¼p-Ibpw a\p-jy-I-¯nsâ B´-cnI hnIm-c-§Ä {]Xn-^-en-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ Hcp kmlnXyw am\-h-cm-in-¡mbn Ah-ti-jv¸n-¨p. I]-S-_p-²n-Po-hn-IÄ¡pw hymP-a-X-t\-Xr-Xz-¯n-\p-an-S-bnse s]mbz-g-¡mWv \½psS kaq-l-s¯ c−p hn`m-K-§-fm¡n ]nfÀ¯n-b-Xv. Hcp-hn-`mKw A\m-Ø-bnepw atä-hn-`mKw aX-{`m-´nepw apgp-In-bn-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. km[m-c-W-¡mÀ¡pw ]Þn-X-·m-cy-¡p-an-S-bnÂ, hym]m-cn-IÄ¡pw kÀh-I-Im-e-¡mÀ¡p-an-S-bnÂ, {]mbw sN¶-hÀ¡pw sNdp-¸-¡mÀ¡p-an-S-bnÂ, ]gb k{¼-Zm-b-̄ nÂ ]Tn-̈ -hÀ¡panS-bnÂ, aX-]-Þn-X-·mÀ¡pw imkv{X-Ú³amÀ¡p-an-S-bnÂ, C{X-tbsd AIÂ -̈bp-−m-hm³ ImcWw Cu hymP hmKzm-Z-am-Wv. Cu h©-\-aqew i{Xp-hn-s\-Xnsc tbmPn¨p s]mcn-tX− Hcp ico-c-¯nsâ Ccp ssIIfpw ]c-kv]cw s]mcn-Xn. Hcp ]d-h-bpsS c−p Nnd-Ip-IÄ At\ym\yw A{I-an-¨p. B[p-\n-I-Xbpw ]mc-¼-cyhpw X½n-ep-ff ]cn-lm-ky-amb bp²-̄ n-te-¡mWv CXv \s½ \bn-¨-Xv. F¶mÂ Ing¡pw ]Sn##v-Rmdpw X½n-em-bn-cp¶p bYmÀ°-¯nÂ A¦w \S-t¡-tW-Sn-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. DÂ¸m-Z-I\pw D]-t`m-àmhpw X½nÂ, DS-abpw ASn-abpw X½nÂ. A]-N-bhpw ]ptcm-K-Xnbpw X½nÂ.

F¶mÂ \mw GÀs -̧«n-cn-¡p-¶Xv ‘aX-]-c-amb t]mcm-«-¯nepw’ ‘aX-]-c-a-Ãm¯’ hnh-cw-sI« hymP aX-{`m-´³ bp²-¯nepw Iqsd-IqSn hnhcw sI« aX-hn-cp² Iem-]-¯n-ep-am-av. hkvXp \njvT-bm-YmÀ°y-§-fnÂ \n¶pw thZ-\-I-fnÂ \n¶pw \½psS hnizm-kw, kaq-lw, hÀ¯-am-\-þ-̀ mhn `mK-tZbw F¶n-hsb `oj-Wn-s¸-Sp-̄ p¶ Kpcp-X-c-amb tNmZy-§fnÂ \n¶pw {i[v[-sX-än-¡m³ c−mw InS AaqÀ¯ {]iv\-Mvlfpw BßmÀ¸-W-¯nsâ hn[n-Ifpw I]-S-hm-KzZw a¶psS ap¼msI \nc-¯n-sh-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. AXn-\mÂ a¶psS A`n-\-h-_p-²n-Po-hn-IÄ #q#p-²n-Pohn hmZ-¯nsâ

ad-hnepw ]c-¼-cm-KX _p²n-Po-hn-IÄ ‘aXs¯ kwc-Iv,#n-¡pI’ F¶-t]-cnepw [rXn-]n-Sn¨p Ign-bp-I-bm-Wv. ]IpXn XfÀhmXw ]nSn-¨Xpw _m¡n s]mÅ-bp-amb AØn-Iq-S-¯n-te¡v Ckv sseanI ssNX\yw k¶n-thin¸n¡-bmWv GI-t]mw-h-gn. kz´-¯nÂ \n¶-\y-am-b, kz´w Bßob kmwkvIm-cnI ASn-th-cp-I-fnÂ \n¶-I-¶p-t]m-bþ Cu ASn-th-cp-I-fmWv hyàn-IÄs¡-¶-t]mse P\-X¡pw kmaply hyàn-Xzhpw iànbpw sFIyhpw \ÂIp-¶-Xvþ Ae-ªp-Xn-cn-bp¶ Xe-ap-dsb kz´-¯n-te¡pw AXnsâ

kmwkvIm-cnI ss]Xr-I-¯n-te¡pw Ncn-Xv]p-chpw [mÀa-I-hp-amb X\n-a-bn-te¡pw ‘ Bß-t_m[ ’Xncn-¨p-h-cm³ AXn-S-bm-¡n-tb-¡pw. At¸mÄ am{Xta \jvS-s¸« Xe-

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ap-dsb iyq\yXm hmZ-̄ nÂ\n¶pw Akw-_Ô§nÂ\n¶pw s]mÅ-¯-c-§-fnÂ\n¶pw Bßob iyq\y-X-bnÂ \n¶pw Bi-b-Im-ep-jy-¯nÂ \n¶pw _p²n-]-chpw ZmÀi-\n-I-hp-amb ss\cm-iy-¯nÂ \n¶pw c£-s¸-Sp-¯m³ Ign-bp. AhÀ EPphpw sXfn-ªXpw D¯-c-hm-Xn¯w P\n-̧ n-¡p-¶-Xp-amb GIXz (Xu-lo-Zn) teI-hn-£-W-̄ n-te¡v IS-¶p-h-cmw. kzXz-¯n-te-¡pÅ aS¡w am{X-amWv Ae-ªp-\-S-¡p¶ Xe-ap-dsb ]Sn-ªm-d³ c£-k-s\-Xnsc ]nSn¨p \nÂ¡m³ ià-am-¡p¶ Htc Hcp {]Xo-£. Ip¯p-Ibpw tamln-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ ]Sn-ªm-d³ ITn-\hpw k¼qÀW-hp-amb kmkvIm-cn-I, ss[j-Wn-I, kuμ -cy-im-kv{X, [mÀanI t_mw_p hÀj-̄ n-\p-ti-j-amWv AXnsâ Øm\w Dd-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶Xv; Bßn-bhpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb tijn \in-̧ n-¡p-Ibpw bpàn-]-c-amb sNdp¯v \nÂ]n\pw hne-bn-cp-¯-en\pw ]co-£n-¡-en\pw sXc-sª-Sp-¸n\pw Is− -¯-en-\p-apÅ Ignhv sISp-¯n-¡-fª tij-hpw. Hä-hm-¡nÂ ]d-ªmÂ, \ap¡v #mßnb ]X\w kw`-hn-¨p. AXn\v tijamWvv ]Sn-ªmdv \s½ Iogvs -̧Sp-¯n-b-Xv. kz´w ImenÂ \nÂ¡m\pw kz´w \ne¡v \S-¡m\pw XIÀ¶p-t]mb A`n-am\w ]p\-Øm-]n-¡m\pw ]Sn-ªm-d³ ZpÀ`q-Xs¯ sNdp-¯p-\-in-¸n-¡m-\pevf GI-amÀKw Aevªp-Xn-cn-bp¶ bph-X-e-ap-d-bpsS kmwkvIm-cnI Bßnb PohnXw ]p\-cp-Öo-hn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw Ahcw bYmÀ°-kz-Xz-¯n-te¡v aS-¡p-I-bp-am-Wv. P\-§sf kw_-Ôn-s¨-S-t¯mfw ChnsS ]e-t¸mgpw {]t_m-[\w sN¿-s¸-Sp¶ Xc-¯n-ep-ff aXw bpànsb XfÀ¯p-Ibpw a\-Êns\ ac-hn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw CNvOsb A[x-]-Xn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶-Xm-Wv. AXv kmaq-ly-am-b-A-ip` Nn´¡pw \ncm-i¡pw Imc-W-am-Ip-¶p. \ne-hn-ep-ff hyh-Øn-Xn¡v ]qÀ®-ambpw Iosgm-Xp-§m³ Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-Ibpw AXns\ \oXn-a-Xv¡-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-I-bm-W-Xv. AÔ-hn-izm-k-§Ä¡v AXv t{]mÕm-l\w \ÂIp-¶p. bpàn-k-l-a-Ãm¯ BhÀ -̄\-§sf kzoIm-cy-am-¡p-¶p. bpàn¡v \nc-¡m¯ IÀ½-§fpw BNm-c-§fpw A\p-jvTn-¡m-\m-h-iy-s -̧Sp-¶p. ASn-Øm-\-an-Ãm¯ `b-§fpw kwi-b-§-fp-ap-bÀ¯p-¶p.-\n-jv^-e-amb kvt\lhpw hntZz-jhpw {]N-cn-¸n-¡p-¶p. CÃm-̄ tXm AÚ-Xtam Bb an{X-§sfbpw i{Xp-¡-sfbpw tNmÃn P\-§se Xnc¡v ]nSn-̧ n-¡p-¶p. CÃm¯ kwK-Xn-I-fnÂ Ahsc A`n-c-an-¸n-¡p-¶p. Dff Imcy-§se AYhm {i²-bÀln-¡p¶ Imcy-§Ä {iPvQn-¡p-¶-XnÂ \n¶pw AXv P\-§-sf- Ah-iy-an-ÃmsX XS-bp-¶p. C¡m-c-W-§-fmÂ P\-Iob aXw sIm−v {]tbm-P\w e`n-¡p-¶Xv aq¶v Iq«À¡mWv: ^tdm-h-amÀ (cm-jv{Snb iàn-IÄ), Jmdq³amÀ (km-¼-¯nI iàn-IÄ), _Â-Bav_v\p _mDu-d-amÀ (I-]-S-]p-tcm-ln-X³amÀ). FÃm-än\pw Cc Hcp hn`m-K-am-Wvþ P\-§Ä. C¯-c-samcp Zb-\ob kml-N-cy-¯nÂZm-cn-{Zy-¯n-sâbpw AÚm-\-¯n-sâbpw tIhe hnt[-b-Xz-¯n-sâ-Xp-amb ab-¡p¶ aXs¯ DNvOmS\w sN¿m-\p-ff AÛp-X-I-c-amb LSIw bYmÀ° aX-am-Wv. Bßob Xe-̄ nepw `uXnI Pohn-X-¯nepw hncp² hnln-X-§Ä hln-¡p¶ AÛpX {]Xn-`m-k-amWv aXw. AXv \in-¸n-¡p-Ibpw ]p\ÀPo-hn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.-D-d-¡p-Ibpw DWÀ¯p-Ibpw sN¿p-\v#p.

Iosgm-Xp-§m\pw Iem]w sN¿m\pw ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶p. Npcp-¡-¯nÂ ‘aX-̄ n-s\-Xnsc’ \S-¯nb bpÖ-¯nsâ Ncn-{X-amWv a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS Ncn{Xw; aXw \nco-iz-c-hm-Z-¯n-s\-Xnsc \S-¯nb bp²-¯nsâXÃ, hnhn[ kmaq-ly-hÀ¤-§Ä¡n-S-bnÂ aXw hln¨ hncp² hnln-X-§-fpsS IY-bmWv Ckvemansâ Ncn{Xw. Ckvemw Ckveman-s\-Xnsc \S-̄ nb bp²w. JpÀ-B³ JpÀ-B-\n-s\-Xn-sc-þ-kn^v^o\nÂþ\-bn¨ bp²w. bpàn-bp-sSbpw A`n-hr-²n-bp-sSbpw Ne-\-̄ n-sâbpw CkvemwF-t¸mgpw FÃm-bn-S¯pw hgn-]n-g¨ Ckveman\mÂ]-cm-P-b-s¸-Sp-¯-s¸-«n-«p-−.-A-[-̧ -X-\-̄ nsâbpw kXw-̀ -\-̄ n-sâbpw A\p-c-Ú-\-̄ n-sâbpw Ckvemam-bn-cp¶p AXv. AS-hp-I-fnÂ Cu aXs¯ Ih¨p sh¡m\pw P\-a-\-ÊnÂ\n¶v CXns\ ]ngp-sX-dn-bm-\p-ap-f-f-G-I-

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amÀ¤w Poh-Zm-b-Ihpw BZy-ta-bp-f-f-Xp-am-b-i-cn-bmb Ckvemans\ ]Icw Øm]n-¡p-I-bm-sW¶v bmYmÀ°y t_m[-ap-ff {]_p-²À¡-dnbmw. Ckv emw Fs -́¶-dn-bm¯ _p²n-Po-hn-IÄt¡m Imes¯ Adn-bm¯ aX-]-WvUn-X-·mÀt¡m Cu kμnKvZL«-¯nÂ \½psS kXz-cm-h-iy-§Ä ]qÀ¯o-I-cn-¡m³ Ign-bp-I-bn-Ã. {]_p-²-cmb Ckemw hmZn-IÄ¡v am{Xsa s]mÅbpw A\y-hÂ¡-cn-¡-s¸-«Xpw taml-§-fn-Ãm-̄ -Xp-amb Xe-ap-dbv¡v Bß-t_m[w ]I-cm\pw Ahsc apJy-[m-c-bn-te¡v sIm−v hcm\pw Ign-bp-I-bp-Åq. CsXmcphiw. adp-h-i¯v bYmÀ° Ckvemansâ Nn -́bnepw k¯-bnepw {]Ir--Xn¯epw A´Àeo-\-amb hn¹-h-i-àn-bpsS klm-b-t¯msS Ahsc kwkvI-cn-¡m-\pw Ah-cpsS Ign-hp-IÄ ]ps¯-Sp-¡m\pw km[n-¡pw. F¶mÂ hnkvXr-X-amb Cu aX-iàn sIWn-bnÂ AI-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-IbmWn-t¸mÄ. C-¡m-e¯v adhp sN¿-s¸-Sp-Itbm hnkva-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-Itbm ]mgm-¡-s -̧Sp-ItbmsNbvX hnizm-k-̄ nsâ iàn-sb-¡p-dn-̈ mWv Fsâ kqN-\. D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ AXp \½psS Ncn-{X-s¯bpw Bßm-hn-s\bpw \mK-cn-I-X-sbbpw NnÍ-sfbpw {]tNm-Zn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw. Bh-iyw Hcp ùXnI hn¹-h-am-Wv. Hcp CkvemanI \thm-°m\w. \½psS hnizm-k-§-fpsS Bg-ta-dnb ASn-Øm-\-§sf Bcm-[n-¡p¶, \½psS ssIh-i-apff kar-²-amb hn`-h-§-fmÂ kpk-Ö-amb Hcp kmwkvIm-cnI BZÀi {]Øm-\w. Hä-hm-¡nÂ \ap¡v CÉm-am-Wm-h-iyw. Ime-L-«-̄ nsâ X´-Xn-IÄ¡p am{Xsa, ]m³tZÂ ]d-bp-¶Xp t]mse, P\-X-bpsS `qX-Im-e-¯nÂ AS-ªp-Iq-Snb Ncn{Xw ]p\-cp-Öo-hn-¸n-¡m³ Ign-bp-I-bp-Åq. arXphpw ac-hn-¨Xpw Cf-¡m³ ]äm-¯-Xp-amWXv. kaql Pohn-Xs¯ AXv AØn-bm¡n amän. Poh-¯m-Ip-¶-XnÂ \n¶pw AXns\ XS-ªp. Hcn-¡Â IqSn Ncn{Xw AXnsâ DuÀP-kz-e-X-tbmSpw hÀ¯-am\ Ime-t¯¡v {]h-ln-¡-Ww. F¦nte Cu ]mX-bnÂ apt¶-dp-hm\pw e£y-an-Ãm¯ \½p-sS Ime-̄ n\v t\XrXzw \ÂIp-hm\pw Ign-bp-I-bp-Åq. Ncn-{X-¯-¯nsâ Hgp-¡nÂ\n¶v Gsd hnZqc-amWv \½psS Imew. AXv hgn-]n-g¨p t]mbn-«p-−v. A[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS ssIbnse Ifn-¸m-«-ambn¯oÀ¶n-«p-−v. Cu D¯-c-hm-Zn-¯-taÂ¡m³ ]änb Bfp-I-sf-hnsS? \½psS kÀÆ-I-em-im-e-IÄ ]c¼-cm-KX hnZym-`ym-k-k-{¼-Zm-b-¯n\v ]pd-¯m-Wv. ]nd-¡p-Ibpw hf-cp-Ibpw sNbvXn«p-Å-Xv. am{X-aÃ Ah ]c-kv]cw t]mc-Sn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p F¶-XmWv \½psS {]bm-k-§-fn-sem-¶v. \½psS hnZym-`ymkw ]g-b-Xnsâ A\p-]q-c-Itam XpSÀ¨tbm Bhp-¶n-Ã. apJw ]Sn-ªm-tdm«pw ]pdw \½psS kwkvIm-c-̄ n\v t\sc-bp-amWv AXm-cw-`n-¨-Xv. F´p-sIm−v Cu c−v hnZym-`ym-k-k-{¼-Zm-b-§fpw thdn-«p-\nÂ¡p¶p F¶v CXv hni-Zo-I-cn-¡p-¶p. bqtdm-]y³hn-Zym-`ymk kvYm]-\-§Ä¡v ka-amWv \½psS kÀÆ-Im-e-im-e-IÄ. Ah Øm]n-¡-s¸-«n-«p-ÅXv Ncn-{X-an-Ãm¯ GtXm B{^n-¡³ AsÃ-¦nÂ emän-\-ta-cn-¡³ cmPy¯msW¦nÂ t]mepw Npcp-§n-bXv Bbncw hÀjs¯ \nc-ćamb kÀh-I-em-imem hnZym-`ym-k-¯nsâ XpSÀ¨-bm-WnXv F¶pw BÀ¡pw tXm¶p-¶nÃ. F¶mÂ ]c-¼-cm-KX hnZym-`ym-k-Ø-]-\-§Ä (lu-k) hmXn-ep-IÄ sIm«nb-S-¨n-cn-¡p-I-bp-am-Wv. \ho\ _u²nI imkv{Xnb Xcw-K-§-fn-te¡v Hcp Infn hmXnÂ t]mepw Ah-Xp-d-¶p-sh-¡p-¶n-Ã. kÀh-I-emimeIÄs¡m¸w Ac-\q-äm-−p-Imew Ah {]hÀ¯-\-\n-c-X-am-bn-cp¶p F¶-Xn¶v kqN-\-sbm-¶p-an-Ã. ]Sn-ªm-dn-\mÂ hebw sN¿-s -̧«-Xmbn Ahbvs¡mcn-¡epw tXm¶o-«p-an-Ã. F¶-Xp-sIm-s−¶Xn\mÂ ]cnioe-\w-t\-Sp¶Xns\-Xnsc Ah Ah-bpsS km{¼-Zm-bnI kao-]\w s#¶pw \ne-\nÀXv#n-X-bn-cp-¶p.-þ-B-[n#p-\nI kÀh-I-em-im-e-Ifw ]c-¼-cm-KX kcvU-h-I-em-im-e-Ifpw X½n-epÅ AIÂ¨bpw A\y-Xzhpw \½psS _p²n-Po-hn-I-

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fpsS kmwkvIm-cnI ]cn-io-e-\-̄ nepw kmaq-ly-L-S-\-bnepw kmc-amb kzm[o\w sNep-¯n-bn-«p-−v. AXv \½psS kaq-l-¯nÂ A\yhpw ]c-kv]c hncp-²-hp-amb c−v _u²nI imkv{Xob A´-co-£-§Â¡v P³aw \ÂIn. Hmtcm hn`m-K-¯n-sâbpw AXnsâ kwkvIm-c-̄ n-sâbpw temI-ho-£-W-̄ n-sâbpw AXn-cp-I-fn-te¡v Npcp-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]c-¼-cm-KX ]mT-im-e-I-fnÂ am{Xta Ckvemw Ct¸mgpw ]Tn-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p-Åp. A`y-kvX-hn-Zy-cmb Bfp-IÄ \ho\ botdm-]y³ kwkvImcw am{Xw ]Tn-¨-h-cm-Wv. AhÀ¡v Ckvemw Adn-bn-Ã. Ckv emw ]Tn-¨-h-cm-Is« ka-Im-eo\ ImgvN-̧ mSw temI-ho-£-Whpw kao-]-\-co-Xnbpw temIm-h-kvXbpw a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶nanÃ. \½psS Ime¯v icn-bmb Ckv eman\w hc¨p ImWn-¡m³ Cu c−p hn`m-K-§Ä¡pw Ign-bp-I-bn-Ã. c−v kwkvIm-c-§-sfbpw ]Tn- -̈hÀthWw AXn-\v. `mKy-h-imÂ Cu c−v hn`m-K-§Ä¡n-S-bnepw X§-fpsS ]cn-tXm-hkvX A¸Sn \ne-\nÂ¡p-¶-Xns\ BwKo-I-cn-¡m³ Iq«m-¡m-¯-h-cp−v AhÀ kmaq-ly-L-S-\-bpsS shdpw DÂ]-¶-§-f-Ã. AhÀ X§-fpsS Npäp-]mSv \nÀ½n-¡p-I-bpw cq]s]-Sp-¯p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. bqtdm-̧ nepw Cdm-\nepw ]Tn¨ kÀh-I-em-ime imkv{X-ÚÀ Ah-cpsS Iq«-̄ n-ep-−v. \ho\ kwkvImcw AhÀ¡-dn-bmw. imkvX-c-̄ nsâ GsX-¦n-ep-samcp imJ-bnÂ hnZ-Kv[-cm-W-hÀ. F¦nepw AhÀ GI Zni-bnÂ Nnń-¡p-¶-h-c-Ã, Cd-¡p-aXn sNbvX kIe bqtdm-]y³ kmwkvIm-cn-tIm-ev]-¶-§fpw hnaÀi\w IqSmsX hngp-§p-Ibpw {]N-cn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ BhÀ¯\ {]nb-c-Ã. botdm-]y³ aqe amXr-I-bnÂ hmÀs¯-Sp-¡-s¸« _p²n-Po-hn-I-fn-aÃ AhÀ. BKn-cWw sN¿-s¸-Sp-¶-Xnepw bqtdm-]y-hÂ¡-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn-epw, XJn-km-Z-bpsS hm¡p-I-fnÂ

]d-ªmÂ 'B]m-Z-NqUw’ AhÀkw-Xr-]vX-c-Ã. kmÀ{XÀ hnh-cn-¨-t]m-se-bpÅ

{]_p² hyàn-I-fpsS KW-¯n-em-W-h-cpÄs -̧Sp-I. kmÀXvcv ]dªp; “ bqtdm-]y-cpsS kavX-an-ÃmsX Bcw hmb Xpd-¡m¯ ]nt¶m¡ kaq-l-§-fnepw aq¶mw temI¯pw a\-Ên-ep-ÅXv \nÀ`bw Xpd¶p ]d-bp-¶-h-cm-W-hÀ. Cd-¡p-a-Xn-sNbvX

botdm-]y³ ho£-W-̄ n-s\-Xn-cmbn AhÀ¡v Fs´-¦nepw ]d-bm-\p-−mIpw” X§Â¡p th−n kzbw Nnń-¡p-hm\pw a\-Ên-em-Im\pw kz´w \ne-bnÂ sXc-sª-Sp-¡m\pw Ign-bp-¶-h-cm-W-hÀ. ]d-bm³ IÂ]n-¡-s¸-«-Im-cy-§Â BhÀ¯n-¡p-I-bnÃ AhÀ. ]Sn-ªm-d³ kw{]-Xym-§Ä hnX-cWw sN¿p-¶-Xn-\pÅ am[y-a-§-fp-am-hn-Ã. AhÀ kzP-\-Xbv¡p th−n ]cn-`m-j-¸Wn sN¿p¶ b{´-§-fp-a-Ã. AhÀ {]_p-²-cm-Wv. A\p-I-c-W-¯nsâ Zi ]n¶n«p imkv{Xo-bhpw _p²n-]-c-hp-amb ]IzX kamÀPn¨ Bfp-IÄ. AhÀ I]S bqtdm-]y-c-Ã. bqtdm-]y³ \mK-cn-I-X-bnÂ \n¶v ka-Im-eo\ Kth-jW coXn-im-kv{Xhpw imkvX-cob ho£-Whpw AhÀ ]Tn-¡p-Ibpw kzb-¯-am-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXn-«p-−v. F¶mÂ Ah-c-Xp-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶Xv kz´w kaq-l-s¯bpw Ncn-{X-s¯bpw kwkvIm-c-s¯bpw a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-Wv. Ah-cpsS aX-¯n-sâbpw P\-X-bp-tSbpw `K-t[-b-t¯m-SpÅ D¯-c-hm-Xn¯w Hcp hi¯pw ka-I-eo\ temIhpw Ime-hp-am-bpÅ ]cn-Nbw adp-h-i¯pw DÅ-Xn-\mÂ icnbpw ]pjvI-e-hp-amb Ckv emanI kwkvIm-c-s¯bpw hnizm-k-s¯bpw ASn-Øm-\-am¡n Hcp kzX-{ -́{In-bm-Xv-aI {]Øm-\-̄ n\v ]vXXp-d-¡m³ AhÀ {ian-¡p-¶p. Ah-cpsS e£y-̄ n\v c−v hi-§-fp−v (H-¶v) hnZym-`ymkw kn²n¨ Xe-ap-dsb h\-c-Xpeyw A\p-I-cn-¡p-¶-XnÂ \n¶pw km{am-Py-Xz-¯n\p Bßn-b-ambpw _u²n-I-ambpw ASn-a-s¸-Sp-¶-XnÂ \n¶pw tamNn-¸n-¡p-I. (c-−v) kvXw -̀\m-h-Ø-bnÂ \nÂ¡p¶ ]gb aX-k-aq-ls¯ ]nń-cn-¸³ _Ô-§nÂ \n¶pw ]gIn ac-hn¨ ]mc-¼-cy-§nÂ \n¶pw t_m[-iq-\yhpw I]-S-hp-amb aX-{`m-ńÂ \n¶pw AÔ-hn-izmkw A[-¸-X\w F¶n-h-bnÂ \n¶pw a\-Ênsâ BÀPn-Xhpw ss]Xr-I-e-_v[-hp-amb ioe-§-fnÂ \n¶pw tamNn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw Ne\w sImÅn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-I. kaq-l-̄ nâw AKm-[-X-bnÂ Ipgn-̈ p-aq-S-s¸-«n-cn-Ivp¶ hnim-e-amb atXmÀPs¯ Ign-s¨-Sp¯v ]cn-jvI-cn-¡p-I. \vÝehpw ac-hn-¨-Xp-amb DuÀP-¯nsâ cq]-¯n-epÅ

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Cu iàn ss]Xr-I-̄ n-sâbpw AÚ-X-bp-sSbpw I«n-Iq-Snb ]mfn-IÄ¡n-S-bnÂ AS¡w sN¿-s -̧«n-cn-¡p-I-bm-an-t¸mÄ. CXns\ \nÀam-Wm-ß-Ihpw Ne-\m-ß-I-hp-amb DuÀP-am-¡pI Ah-cpsS e£y-am-Wv. _p²n-Po-hn-IÄ¡v AXnÂ hnizm-k-aÀ¸n-¡m\pw aX-P-\-Xbv¡v Bß t_m[w t\Sm\pw km[n-¡pw-hn-[-amhpw Cu DuÀP-kw-kvI-c-Ww. C¡mew hsc kaq-l-¯n\v ]pd¯v Pohn-¡p-Ibpw kmwkvIm-cnI km{am-PyXzw s]mXnªp sImSp-̄ -b¨ A`n-{]m-b-§fpw Nn -́Ifpw hne-¡p-hm-§p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp¶ \½psS _p²n-Po-hn-IÄ¡n-S-bnÂ `mKy-h-kmÂ Hcp {]Øm\w C¶v cq]w sIm−n-«p-−v. I]-S-bp-tdm-]y³ B[p-\nIXmhm[n-Isf {]_p-²cpw \mK-cnIcpam¡n amäm³ {]b-Xv\n-¡p¶p F¶-XmWv Cu {]Øm-\-¯nsâ khn-ti-j-X. ]Sn-ªm-c³ _m[-tbä Bfp-IÄ Cu {]Øm-\-¯n-eqsS _p²n-]-c-amb ASn-a-¯nÂ \n¶pw hntZ-im-\p-I-c-W-¯nÂ \n¶pw kzbw hntam-Nn-̧ n-¡p-¶p. +a[y-hÀ¯n-Isf

krjvSn-¡p-¶-Xn¶pw ‘bptdm-]yÀ¡pw’ ‘Xt±-in-bÀ’ ¡pa-S-bnÂ kwLÀjhpw A\y-Xbpw CÃm-Xm-¡p-¶-Xn\pw Cu \qäm-−nÂ km{am-PyXzw Gä-hp-a-[nIw apXÂ aS-¡n-

bXv _p²n-]-c-amb ASn-a-¯-¯n-\p th−n-bm-Wv. “ aäp-Å-hsc ]qPn-¡p¶” AYhm “ ]mÝm-Xy-tcmSv ka-s¸-Sm-\pÅ” tcmKs¯ P\-lr-Z-b-§-fnÂ \n¶v CÑm-S\w sN¿p-I-bmWv {]Øm-\-̄ nsâ e£yw. aq¶mw temI-k-aq-l-§-fnÂhn-injym kmwkvIm-cnI tImtfm-Wn-b-en-k-¯nsâ B{I-a-W-̄ n\v aäm-td-¡mfpw Cc-bmb B{^n-¡-¡mÀ¡n-S-bnÂ AXv hym]-I-am-b-n«p−v IeÀ¸n-Ãm¯ _p²n Pohn-I-fmb {^m³kv ^m\³, Fbvsa-kn-sk-bvÀ, Pqen-bkv s\tc-sc,-sI³bm-ä, DaÀ ahveqZv F¶n-hsc t¸mse-bp-Å-h-cmWv {]Øm-\-̄ nsâ NpIv#m³ ]nSn-¡p-¶-Xv. temI tImfWn kaq-l-̄ nse I]S bqtdm-]y³ I]-S-_p-²n-Po-hn-I-fmb B[p-\n-I-hm-Zn-Isf kz -́̄ n-te¡v Xncn-̈ p-hn-Sp-I-bmWv {]Øm-\-̄ nsâ e£yw. kmwkvIm-cnI Xe-§-fnepw aX-[m-c-I-fnepw cmjv{Sob ]cn-t{]-£y-̄ nepw kmaq-lnI DÄ¡m-gn-N-bnepw kmln-Xyw, Ncn-{Xw, Ihn-X, Ie F¶n-h-bnepw [mÀan-I-X-bnepw a\p-jy-_-Ô-§-fnepw am{X-aÃ Nn´m coXn-I-fnepw Pohn-Xs¯ t\m¡n-¡m-Wp¶ coXn-bn-ep-saÃmw Cu {]Ømw hn¹hw krjvSn-¨p-«p−v. kwkvIm-cs¯ D³aq-e\w sN¿p-Ibpw Bßm-hns\ izmkw ap«n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ ]Sn-ªm-d³ tImf\n hÂ¡-c-W-¯nsâ Cc-I-fm-bn-cp¶p Cu Xe-ap-d. kzXz-¯nÂ \n¶v A\yw \nÀ¯-s¸-«-hÀ. bptdm-]ysc I®-S-̈ -\p-I-cn-¡p-¶-hÀ. Zb-bä IS¯ aX {`m´v sIm−v aX-aq-ey-§fpw al-Xz-amÀPn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ Ncn-{X-]-c-amb \nan-¯-§fpw kmwkvIm-cnI khn-ti-j-X-I-fp-saÃmw AhÀ \in-̧ n¨p If-ªp. AXv sIm−m-WtÃm Cd-¡p-aXn sNbvX ]Sn-ªm-c³ aqey-§Ä¡v ChnsS CSw In«n-b-Xv. ChÀ Iq«w IqSn-bn-cp¶v kzbw sNdp-Xm-¡p-Ibpw kz´w aX-§-sfbpw tZi-§-sfbpw [mÀanI hyh-Ø-I-sfbpw ]cn-l-kn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. kz´w aqey-§-sfbpw ]mh\ hkvXp-¡-sfbpw Ah-a-Xn-¡p-¶Xnepw bqtdm-]ysâ Dcn-bm-«-§fpw hnIr-Xn-IÄ t]mepw sXfn-hmbn kzoIcn¡p-¶-Xn-ep-amWv AhÀ¡v BËm-Zw. hntZ-in-I-fpsS thZ\w ]äm¯ tkhIÀ. A]-cn-Nn-Xhpw Xnf-§p-¶Xpamb bqtcm-¸p-am-bpÅ Gäp-ap-«-enÂ Bßm-`n-am\w \jvS-¸-Sp-̄ n-b-hÀ.-Km-Ôn-sbbpw SmtKm-dn-s\bpw t]mepÅ alZv hyàn-Xz-§Â hsc X§-fpsS bP-am-\³ hsc kvXpXn-¨n-cp-¶p. A{X-t¯mfw hep-Xm-bn-cp¶p Ahcw Xo−n-bn-cp¶ A]-IÀj-Xm-t_m[w \qäm-−p-I-fm-bpÅ tImf\n hÂ¡-c-W-¯nsâ Ccp-«ns\ X§-fpsS kp[o-chpw I®-©n-̧ n-¡p-¶-Xp-amb {]`m-hn-emkw sIm−v XIÀ¯ ]pXnb apJ-§Ä Cu Xe-ap-d-bnÂ \n¶v DbÀ¶v h¶n-«p-−v. AhÀ aq¶mw temIs¯ {]Im-i-am-\-am-¡p-¶p.

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kmwkvIm-cnI tImf\n hÂ¡-c-W-¯nÂ \n¶v hntam-N\w t\Sm-\pÅ {iaw Ckv emanI kaq-l-§-fnepw Bcw-`n-¨n-«p-−v. aq¶mw temI Iem-Im-c³ amÀ¡pw Fgp-

¯p-ImÀ¡pw _p²n-Po-hn-IÄ¡p-an-S-bnse “kzXz-̄ n-te¡v aS-§Â” {]Øm-\-¯n³sc kzm[o\w Ckv emanI kaq-l-§-fnse \h ]mÝmXy hÂIrX hnZym-k-¼¶ hn`m-K-§Ä ¡nS-bnÂ Xcw-K-ap-−m-¡n-bn-«p-−v. ^m\-s\bpw knsU-bvdn-s\bpw t]mep-Å-h-cpsS C¯cw {]Øm-e-§Ä hÀj-§Ä ¡v aps¼ apkv enw \mSp-I-fnÂ DS-se-Sp-¯n-cp-¶p. bqtdm-]y³ B{I-a-W-§-fpsS kmwkvIm-cnI am\w t\scs¯ Xncn-¨-dnª Ah-t_m-[-apÅ aX-Nn-´-I-dv¡n-S-bn-em-bn-cp¶p Cu BZy {]Øm-\-§-

fpsS P\-\w. k¿vZv Pam-ep-±o³ Ak-Zm-_m-Zn-bpsS “ ]qÀhoI-cn-te¡v (k-e-^n-

IÄ) aS-§pI” apl-½Zv A_vZp-hnsâ ‘JpÀ-B-\n-te¡v aS-§pI’ F¶o {]Øm-\-§-fpsS ]mX-bn-em-bn-cp¶p Ch. kzXz-¯nsâ (Jp-Zn) XXz-imkv{Xw apt¼m«v sh¡p-

Ibpw FÃm aX Nn´-I-sfbpw ‘ Ckvemanse aX Nn´-I-fpsS ]p\-kw-hn-[m-\-¯n-

te¡v’ £Wn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvX AÃmam CJv_m-ensâ ]mX-bn-emWv asäm-¶v. Bi-b-¡p-g-¸-¯n-e-I-s¸« Ck emanI kaq-l-§se hnfn-¨p-WÀ¯p-I-bm-bn-cp#v\p Cu Nn -́I-cpsS e£yw. k¿nZv Pam-ep-±o-sâbpw A_vZp-hn-sâbpw CJm-_m-en-sâbpw {]hÀ -̄\-§Ä bmYmÀ°-hp-ambn _Ô-an-em-em¯ I]S _p²n-Po-hn-IÄ Btcm-]n-¡p-¶Xv t]mse ]n´n-cn-¸t\m LSn-Im-c-¯nâ kqNn ]nd-tIm« Xncn-¡tem Bbn-cp-¶n-Ã. Cu hyàn-Xz-§-emWv \ho\ imkv{X-§sf BZy-ambn kzmKXw sN¿p-Ibpw aX-]-T-\-tI-{μ-§-fpsS AS-̈ p-]q-«nb Npäp-]m-Sn-\-I-t¯¡v ImenI ssNX-\yhpw ]p¯³ ]cn-t{]-£yhpw \h-bq-tdm-̧ y³ \mK-cn-IXbpw ]cn-N-b-¸-Sp-̄ p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xv. AhÀ ]ptcm-K-a-\-hm-Zn-Ifpw ]gb kmwkvIm-cnI hnZym-`ymk tI{μ -§-fpsS B[p-\nI

\mb-I-cp-am-bn-cp-¶p. aX-_p-²n-Po-hn-IÄ¡n-S-bnÂ ‘kz¯n-te¡v Xncn-̈ p-t]m-hpI’ Bcw-`n-¨Xv Ah-cm-Wv. Hcp iX-I-¯n\v ap¼v CkvemanI _p²nPohn-IÄ¡pw B[p-\nI _p²n-Po-hn-IÄ¡p-a-S-bnÂ Cu {]Øm\w DS-se-Sp-̄ Xv cavSv hyXykvX {[ph-§nÂ\n-¶m-sW¶v tXm¶p-¶p. F¦nepw Ct¸mÄ Ccp {]Ø-e-§fpw Nen-¡p-¶Xv Htc ]mX-bn-eqsS Htc e£y-Øm-\-t¯-¡m-Wv. AXv sIm−s{X AI¶v \nÂ¡p\v Cu {[ph-§-fnÂ \n¶pÅ {]_p² hyàn-IÄ kam-\-amb t_m[-¯vse-¯n-t¨À¶-Xv. kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw Htc _u²nI kmaq-lnI C -̄c-hm-Xn-̄ -§-fmWv AhÀ¡-\p-`-h-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. F¶-t¯-Xn-t\-¡m-fp-a-[nIw ]c-kv]c kl-I-c-W-¯n-sâbpw sFIy-¯n-sâbpw Bh-iy-IX AhÀ¡-\p-̀ -h-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.

‘_mly-kmw-kvIm-cnI km{am-PyXz’hpambn kl-I-cn-¡p-I- hgn ‘BZy´w

{]hÀ¯v\’ ¯nsâ Cc-bm-bn-̄ oÀ¶n-«pÅ Pohn-Xhpw Ne-\hpw hos− -Sp-¡p-I-bmWv \½psS s]mXp e£yw. Ncn-{Xhpw kwkvIm-chpw kmaq-ly-hn-Im-chpw Øm]-\-§fpw aqey-§fpw Ckveman-\mÂ cq]o-Ir-X-am-Ip¶ CkvemanI kaq-l-§-fnÂ hos− -Sp-¡-s -̧tS− Ckveman\p t\sc-bpÅ Hcp ImgvN-Ckveman¸m-Sm-Wn-Xv. Ckvemante¡mWv \mw aS-t§-− -Xv. \½psS kaq-l-̄ nsâ aXhpw Ncn-{X-̄ nsâ inÂ]nbpw kwkvIm-c-̄ nsâ Bßmhpw P\-Xsb Iq«n-bn-W-¡p¶ ià-amb ]mihpw Bßo-b-X-bp-tSbpw [mÀan-I-X-bp-tSbpw ASn-̄ -dbpw CkvemamWv F¶Xv

sIm− am{X-aÃ CXv. \½psS P\-X-bpsS ‘am\p-jnI kXzw’ Xs¶ AXm-sW-¶-Xp-sIm−v IqSn-bm-Wn-Xv. ]Sn-ªm-d³ kmwkvIm-cnI tImtfm-Wn-b-\n-k-¯n-s\-Xn-cnÂ kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw Bßn-b-hp-amb ka-c-̄ n-teÀs -̧Sp-t¼m-gpw, Bßnb kzmX-{´yhpw hyàn-Xz-an-ÃmsX A\ysc ]qPn¨p Ign-tb−n hcp-¶-K-Xn-tI-SnÂ\n¶v c£-s -̧Sm³ amÀK-a-t\y-jn-¡p-t¼m-gpw, kz´w ImenÂ \nÂ¡m\pw am\p-jnI t_m[w sI«n-̧ -Sp-¡m\pw kz´w Ncn{X kv#w-kvIm-c-s¯bpw [mj-WnI bmYmÀ°y-

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s¯bpw ]p\-cp-Öo-hn-¸n-¡m\pw {iap-¡p-t¼mgw \mw kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw Ckvemante¡mWv aS-t§-− -Xv. tZio-b-X-bpsS AXnÀh-c-¼p-I-sfbpw Ncn-{X-sCkveman¯bpw AXn-hÀ¯n-¡p¶ aX-am-sW-¶-XvsIm-s−¦nepw \mw Ckv emanÂ A`bw tXtS− -Xp-−v. \½psS Ct¸m-gs¯ kmwkvIm-cnI iq\yX Ckvemansâ k¼-¶-amb kwkvIm-chpw Bßo-b-Xbpw sIm−v \nI-̄ pI sImtfm-Wn-b-en-k-¯nsâ kwkvImc \nÀaq-e\ X{ -́§-tfmSv s]mcp-Xm³ \mw Ckvemw Bbp[-am-¡p-I. AXm-Ip¶p \ap¡ Ckvemw. \½psS ho£-W-¯nepw am\p-jnI aqey-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v X§-fp-tS-Xmb Imgn-N-¸m-SnÂ \n¶v sIm−v Ckvemans\¡p-dn¨v ]Tn¨ At\Iw Aapkenw Ckvemtamf-Pn-Ìp-I-fpsS A`n-{]m-b-¯nÂ CkvemanmWv am\-hn-I-X-bpsS aXw. bqtdm-]y³ km{am-Py-Xz¯nsâ cmjv{Sob ssk\nI t\Xm-¡Ä kzbw k½-Xn-̈ Xv t]mse CkvemanmIp¶p Gähpw henb km{am-PyXz hncp² LSIw AXv km{am-Py-Xzs¯ sNdp-¡pI am{X-a-Ã. AXn-s\-Xnsc Iem]w DbÀ¯p-Ibpw AXnÂ\n¶v tamN\w {]m]n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXn-«p-−v.20

£tbm-·p-J-amb \½psS kaq-ls¯ kap-²-cn-¡m\pw hgn-ap«n \nÂ¡p¶ P\-Xsb Ne-\w-sIm-Ån-¡m\pw cmjv{S-̄ nsâ kzmX-{ý-̄ n\pw \mw Ckvemans\ B{i-bn-¡Ww. \½psS kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw Ncn-{X-]-c-hp-amb X\na Is− -̄ p-¶-Xn-\pÅ amÀ¤-ambn Ncn-{X-]m-c-¼-cy-§Ä ho−pw tbmPn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\v CXm-h-iy-am-Wv. am{X-aÃ Cd-¡p-aXn sNbvX Cu ]Sn-ªm-d³ aqey§-epsS \nÀ±m-£n-Wy-amb Cu IS-¶m-{I-a-Ws¯ sNdp-¡phm\pw FÃm-h-i-§-fnÂ \n¶p-apÅ AXnsâ hebw sN¿-ens\ AXn-Po-hn-¡m\pw \ap¡v CkvemamWv B{ibw. \½psS a\p-jym-h-iy-§Ä \nhr-̄ n-¡m\pw ZmÀi-\n-I-amb {]iv\-§Â¡v D¯cw \ÂIm\pw Ign-hpÅ kXyw AXm-Wv. A]m-b-I-chpw Ie-l-{]n-b-hp-amb {]Xy-b-im-kv{Xw. \nÝn-X-X-Xz-§-fnÂ\n¶v A`-b-a-cp-fm³ AXnt\ Ign-bq. aqey-§-epsS hÀ¯-am\Ime AØn-c-X-bnÂ\n¶pw kmaq-ly-th-Z-\-IÄ, sshcp-²y-§Â, hnth-N-\-§Ä, t]mcm-bva-IÄ F¶n-h-bnÂ\n¶pw AXv tamN\w \ÂIpw. \½psS ap¼m-sI-bpÅ Bk¶ A]-I-

S-§-fnÂ\n¶v c£-{]m-]n-¡m³ \mw “AÃm-lp-hnsâ ]mis¯ apdp-sI-¸n-Sn-¨mÂ (3:103) am{Xw t]mc Ckvemans\ Ah-ew-_-am-¡p-Ibpw thWw. ImcWw Cu \qäm-−nsâ Bßo-b-Zmlw, ka-Im-enI a\p-jysâ t_m[{]XnÔn, C¶s¯ \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS ZmÀi-\nI AÔm-fn-¸v, B[p-\nI hyàn-bpsS t]mcm« ê-§Ä F¶n-h-sbÃmw ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-t¼mÄ tbmKy-X- sX-fn-bn¨ aX-amWv Ckvemw. iàn-bpsS ]cy-a-X-bn-se¯n \nÂs¡ XfÀhmXw ]nS-s]-«-h-cmWv a\p-jyÀ. Ahsâ hnZy Ahs\ _mlym-Im-i-¯n\pw ]pd-t¯¡v \bn-¨n-«p-s− -¶Xv t\cp-X-s¶. F¶mÂ Cu `qan-bnÂ Akw-_-Ôhpw ss\cm-iyhpw {]tbm-P\ iq\y-Xbpw hs¶-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. ]g-bXpw ]pXp-b-Xp-amb Nn´m {]Øm-\-§-fn-epÅ hnizmkw \jvS-s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ ap¼-t¯-Xn-t\-¡m-tfsd Ah\v hnizmkw Bh-iy-am-bn-¯o-cp-¶p. imkv{X {]Xm-]-¯nsâ ]-c-tIm-Sn-bn-en-cp¶v Hcp {]Xy-b-km-kv{X-̄ n-\p-th−n Ah³ Zmln-̈ p lXm-i-b-\mbn I®p-\o-«p-I-bm-Wv. Xpd-¶Xpw ka-{Khpw bYmÀ°ym-Xn-jvTn-X-hp-amb temI ho£Ww F¶ \ne-bnepw hyXykvX Ime-tZi ]cn-X-Øn-XnIÄ¡-\p-cq-]-amb ]ptcm-K-a-\-]-chpw ]cn-hÀ¯-t\m-·p-J-hp-amb \nb-a-L-S\ F¶-\n-e-bn¡pw Ckvemw anIhv sXfn-bn-¨n-«p-−v. X\-Xmb Hcp Ncn-{X-ZÀi-\-hp-ap−v Ckveman\v. GI-X, kmam-\y-amb imkv{Xob -\nÀ®-b-hmZw, am\p-jn-Ihpw Ncn-{X-]-c-hp-amb ip`m]vXn hnizmkw, aÀ±n-X-cp-sSbpw ZpÀº-e-cp-sSbpw A\n-hm-cy-amb Ań-a-hn-Pbw F¶o k¦Â -̧§sf B[m-c-am-¡n-bp-Å-XmWXv. P\-Io-bhpw ]ptcm-K-\m-ß-I-hp-amb Hcp kmaq-ly-ho-£Ww Ckveman-\p−v. \oXn-bp-sSbpw ka-Xz-̄ n-sâbpw AÀ¸nX t\Xr-Xz-̄ n-sâbpw ASn-Øm\ aqey-§-fnÂ AXv hnizmaIÀ¸n-¡p-¶p. kXyhpw AXn-{I-ahpw X½nÂ, auen-I-Xbpw DS-a-Ø-Xbpw X½nÂ, kaq-lhpw

27

hyànbpw X½nÂ DÅ Hgn¨p IqSm-\m-hm¯ kwL«-\-¯nÂ AXv hniz-kn-¡p-¶p. Ckveman\v ]ptcm-K-\m-ß-I-amb Hcp \c-hw-i-ZÀi-\-ap-−v F¶pw sXfn-bn-¡-s -̧«n-cn-¡p-¶p. am\-hn-I-X-bnepw a\p-jysâ ssZh-k-Zr-i-amb k¯-bnepw Ahsâ ùXn-Im-[oX A`ncpNn-bnepw ssZhn-Ihpw kmÀh-{Xn-I-hp-amb D¯-c-hm-Zn-¯nepw kXy-¯nepw A[n-jvTn-X-amWv B \c-hw-i-im-kv{X-ZÀi\w. a\p-jy³sd A\-´-amb ]cn-Wm-a-¯nÂ AXv hniz-kn-¡p-¶p. {]Ir-Xn-bn-eq-sSbpw ]ZmÀ°-¯n-t·-epÅ B[n-]-Xyw-h-gnbpw {]IrXn iàn-Isf D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯nbpw ssZh-k-¶n-²n-bn-te¡v DbÀ¶p-t]m-hm³ AX-hs\ £Wn-¡p-¶p. FÃm hÀ¤,-hw-i,-tKm-{X,-km-{¼-Zm-bnI aqey-§-fp-sSbpw \ntj-[-am-Wnkvemw. `qap-J¯v am\-hn-I, km¼-¯n-I, ka-Xz-¯nepw atlm-¶X ssZhnI Bi-b-§-fnepw A[n-jvTn-X-amb Hcp hnime a\qjy kap-Zmbw (D-½¯v) Øm]n-¡p-¶-Xn-emWv AXv hniz-kn-¡p-¶-Xv. C{]-Imcw {]Xy-bm-im-kv{Xhpw Znibpw amÀK-ZÀi-\hpw hnizm-khpw temI-¯nsâ Bßob hymJym-\-hp-am-Wnkvemw. ka-Im-eo\ a\p-jysâ _mjv]-{]m-b-amb Bßm-hns\ {Kkn-¡p¶ an¡ ASn-Øm-\-tNm-Zy-§-fp-sSbpw D¯-c-hp-am-W-Xv. At¸mÄ \mw F´p-sN-¿-Ww? \½psS kaq-l-̄ nsâ _u²n-Im-́ -co£w, hninjym B[p-\nI _p²n-Po-hn-I-fpsS taJe ]Sn-ªm-d³ Nn´-bp-sSbpw A`n-cp-Nn-bp-sSbpw h¼n¨ kzm[o-\-¯n-em-Wp-f-f-Xv. ]Sn-ªm-dnÂ \n¶pw Hcp kmwkvIm-cnI imkv{Xnb kzmX{ýw Ct¸mgpw hnZq-c-amb B{K-l-¯nÂ Ihnª H¶p-a-Ã. \½psS kÀÆ-I-em-im-e-Ifpw imkv{X, hnZym-`ymk Øm]-\-§fpw \½psS Fgp-̄ p-ImÀ, Iem-Im-c³amÀ, {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-hn-Z-Kv²À-F-¶n-h-cpsS imkv{X B²ym-ßnI [mÀ½nI ]cn-X-Øn-Xn-Ifpw \ne-\nÀ¯p¶ c−v ]gb ehn-ti-j-X-I-fp-−v. 1. kz´w kwkvIm-c-t¯mSpw aX-t¯mSpw B²ym-ßnI kz`mh-t¯mSpw X§-tfmSv Xs¶-bp-ff AIÂ -̈bpw shdp¸pw 2. ]Sn-ªm-dn-t\m-Sp-ff hnt[-b-Xzhpw BIÀi-Whpw . ]mÝmXy hÂIpX B[p-\nI AhÀ Al-¦m-c-]qÀÆw {]ZÀin-¸n-¡pI t]mepw sN¿m-dp−v. C¯-c-sam-c-´-co-£-¯nÂ-F-Ãm-hcpw izkn-¡p-¶Xv ]Sn-ªm-d³ hmbp-hm-Wv. ]Sn-ªm-dv\n¶v Cd-¡p-aXn sNbvX _u²nI _u²nI, Iem, kZm-Nm-c-DÂ¸-¶-§Ä FÃm-hcpw D]-t`mKw sN¿p-¶p. A\y-kw-kvIm-c-¯nsâ IS-¶m-{I-a-W-¯nsâ sNdp-¡msX FÃm-hcpw Ip¯nbncn-¡p¶p. IjvS-̧ mSv ISp-̄ -Xm-bn«pw Ipd-̈ p-t]À am{X-amWv FXnÀ¯p \nÂ¡p-¶-Xv. \ncm-bp-[-cmb {]Xn-tcm[ k¶-²-a-Ãm¯ Xe-ap-dsb Bbp-[-a-Wn-bn-¡m³ Bßm-cv°-ambn {ian-¡p-¶-hcpw Ipd-hv. P\-§-fnÂ iàhpw bphXzw Xpfp-¼p-¶-Xp-amb Hcp hnizm-khpw ]ptcm-K-a-\m-ß-Ihpw kzX-{´-hp-amb ho£-Whpw Icp-¸n-Sn-¸n-¡p-I-bmWv Cu \yq\-]-£-̄ nsâ e£yw; H¸w Ct¸m-gs¯ kmwkvIm-cnI aX-iq-\y-Xsb X§-fpsS bYmÀ° Bßob kmwkvIm-cnI hn`-h-§ÄsIm-−v\n-d-¡p-Ibpw bmtXm-cn-S-s]Sepw- IqSmsX \-½psS kaq-l-¯nÂ \nÀtem`w D]-t`mKw sN¿-s -̧Sp¶ ]Sn-ªm-d³ DÂ¸-¶-§sfþ]p-kvX-I-§Ä, ôen-ap-IÄ, tdUn-tbm, Snhn ]cn-]m-Sn-IÄ, Xntb-äÀ, ¢ºp-IÄ shÃp-hn-fn-¡m\pw I]S _q²n-Po-hn-I-sfbpw kzmwio-I-c-W-¡m-scbpw XSªp \nÀ¯m\pw Bg-̄ nÂ thcp-I-f-fp-f-f-hn-¹hw tXmS-̄ p-hn-tS-− -Xp-−v. Cu AKpeo-]-cn-an-XÀ¡v _p²n-]-chpw {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-]-c-hp-amb Is− -¯-ep-Ifpw at\m-_-ehpw sXc-sª-Sp-¡m-\p-f-f-I-gnhpw D−m-¡p-¶-b-YmÀ° {]_p² hyàn-Isf hmÀs¯-Sp-¡m³ klm-b-I-am-b-hy-ànXzw hfÀ¯n-sb-Sp-¡p-Ibpw thWw t_m[w kamÀPn-¡p-Ibpw X§Äs¡mcp {]d-hm-NI XuXyw \nÀÆ-ln-¡m-\p-s−¶v

tXm\p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ bYmÀ° {]_p-²m-ßm-¡Ä –Häs¸Sp-I-bntÃ F¶ {]iv\-ap-−v. hÀ¯-am\ iX-I-¯nse I\-I-¸-ip-hn-sâ km¶n-²y-¯nÂ Ah-cpsS ktμiw {ihn-¡-s¸-Sptam? Ah-cpsS Nn´-I-fp-sSbpw {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-§-fp-sSbpw {]Nmcw Ah-cpsS hÀ¤-§-fpsS AS¨p ]q«nb Npa-cp-IÄ¡p-f-fnepw Ah-cpsS {KÙ-§-fvpsS

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GXm\pw Xmfp-I-fnepw teJ-\-§-fnepw kt½-f-\-§-fnepw am{Xw ]cn-an-X-am-hp-I-bntÃ? NnX-dn-¡n-S-¡p-Ibpw amÀ¤-§fpw ]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw CÃm-Xn-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ Ah-Ø-bnÂ Fs´-¦nepw amä-ap-−m-¡m³ Cu {]_p² hyàn-IÄ¡m-hptam? B[p-\nI _p²n-Po-hn-IÄ Pohn-¡p-¶Xv ASn-Øm-\-]-c-ambn Ah-cpsS kaq-l-¯nsâ Acp-Ip-I-fn-em-sW¶ hkvXpX ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-t¼mÄ Cu tNmZy-§Ä {]tXy-I-ambpw a\-ÊnÂ sh¡Ww. P\-§-fp-ambn AhÀ¡v _´-anÃ. X§-fp-sSXv am{X-amb hyàn \njvT _u²nI Iem-km-aq-ly- temI¯v HXp-§n-¡-gn-bp-¶-h-cm-W-hÀ. AhÀ¡v Ah-cp-sSXv am{X-amb `mjbpw ap{Zm-hm-Iy-§fpw Iebpw kmln-Xyhpw hnIm-chpw kmaqly kz`m-hhpw kwth-Z-\-§fpw Bi-b-§-fp-ap-−v. km[m-c-W-¡m-cp-tS-Xp-ambn Ahbv¡v kmZr-iy-an-Ã. kaq-l-¯nsâ Nn´m-co-Xn-bnepw ho£-W-̄ nepw kmaqly {]Xy-im-kv{X-t_m[-¯nepw hn¹-h-ap-−m-¡m³ {ian-¡p¶ k{In-b\pw Bß-t_m-[-ap-f-f-h-\p-amb Nn´-I³ _p²n Pohn-I-fp-sSbpw A`yØ hnZy-cp-sS-Xp-amb Hcp sIm¨p hr¯-¯nÂ sNdn-sbmcp kzm[o-\-ap-−m-¡p-¶-XnÂ Xr]vXn-b-Sbpw. Xsâ hÀ¤-¯n\v Ic-K-X-am-bn-«p-ff amÀ¤-¯n-epsS Xsâ Nn´-IÄ ]I-cp-Ibpw A§ns\ Xsâ hnZymÀ°n-Isf Nn´m coXn-bnÂ amä-ap-avSm-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp F¶ Imc-W-̄ nÂ Ah¶v hnP-bn¨p F¶-tXm-¶-ep-−m-hp-¶p. _p²n-Po-hn-IÄ¡pw hnZym-k-¼-¶À¡pw henb hmb-\-¡mÀ¡pw am{X-ap-ff GsX-¦nepw {]kn-²o-I-c-W-¯nÂ Hcp imkv{X-{]-_Ôw {]kn-²-s -̧Sp¯n F¶-XvsIm−v AbmÄ kt´m-i-hm-\m-hpw. Hcp ]pkn-XIw {]kn-²o-I-cn-¡p-Itbm Hcp {]kwKw \S-¯p-Itbm AsÃ-¦nÂ hfsc Ipd¨p t]À¡v am{Xw a\-Ên-em-hp¶ Ae-¦m-c-§fpw DÂt{]-£-Ifpw _nw_-§fpw \ndª ZpÀ{K-l-amb Hcp IhnX Fgp-Xp-Itbm sNbvXmÂ AbmÄ¡v Xr]vXn-bm-bn. {]_p² hyàn shdp-samcp ZmÀi-\n-It\m imkv{X-Út\m Iem-Im-ct\m kmln-Xy-]-Þn-Xt\m am{X-am-bn-cn-¡p-I-bn-Ã.

.jm³UÂ ]d-bp-¶Xv t]mse “{]_p² Hcp Xcw {]hm-N-I-Xz-amWv”. {]hm-N-I-\mb apl-½-Zn-\p-tijw Ncn-{X-¯nÂ {]hm-N-Isâ ZuXyw ]qÀ¯o-I-cn-¡p-¶Xv {]_p² hyàn-bm-Wv. t_m[-ap-ff hyàn-bmWv {]_p-²³. t_m[-¯n-se¡pw kzmX-´y-¯n-te¡pw am\p-jnI ]qÀ®-X-bn-te¡pw P\-§sf \bn-¡pI F¶ ZuXy-hp-ambn \ntbm-Kn-¡-s¸« BÄ. AÚ-X-bnÂ \n¶pw _lp ssZh-Xz-¯nÂ\n¶pw aÀ±-\-¯nÂ \n¶pw kzbw c£-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn\v Ahsc AbmÄ klm-bn¡pw. P\-§-fp-ambn CS-]-g-Ip-Ibpw ASn-a-I-fp-sSbpw aÀ±n-X-cp-sSbpw hn[n-tbmSv D -̄c-hm-ZnXzw A\p-̀ -h-s -̧Sp-Ibpw sN¿pI F¶Xv {]_p-²-bpsS B´-cn-I-k-hn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv.

F¶mÂ AXnsâ D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xzhpw `mchpw hln-¡p-¶-{]-hm-N-I-\mWv”. P\-§-fnÂ \n¶-I¶v kam-\-lr-Z-b-tcm-sSm-̧ w-k-aq-l-̄ nsâ Acn-InÂ kÀh-I-em-im-e-I-fntem {KÙm-e-b-§-fntem ]mT-im-e-I-fntem ]ÀÆ-X-§-fntem tZhm-e-b-§-fntem kzImcy `h-\-§-fntem Ign-bp-¶-XXz Nn´-IÀ, kmln-Xy-Im-c³amÀ, jmkv{X-Ú-dv, k\ym-kn-IÄ, Iem-Im-c³amÀ XpS-§n-b-h-cnÂ \n¶v hyXy-kvX-cmWv {]hm-N-I³am-sc-t¸mse {]_p² P\-X-bpw, BZyw ]dª hn`mKw P\-§-fpsS Ncn-{X-¯nÂ hn[n-sb-¡p-dnt¨m Ah-cpsS IjvS-¸m-Sp-I-sfbpw Bh-iy-§-sfbpw Ipdnt¨m H¶p-a-dn-bmsX tPmen sNbvXp henb XXz-Nn-´-I-cp-sStbm Øm\w t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡p-¶p. CXn\p hncp-²-ambn {]hm-N-I³ Xsâ ZuXyw Gsä-Sp¯ DSs\ P\-§sf At\z-jn¨v kaq-l-¯nsâ lrZ-b-¯n-te¡v Cd-§n-sN-Ãp-I-bm-Wv. apl-½Zv \_n¡v e`n¨ BZys¯ Znhy ktμ -i-§Ä DZm-l-c-W-am-sb-Sp-¡p-I. Fs´m-s¡-bm-bn-cp¶p At±lw IÂ¸n-¡-s¸-«-Xv? hyàn-]-c-amb Hä-s]-S-enÂ \n¶ ]pd¯vIS-¡p-I. kzImcy PohnXw aXn-bm¡n P\-§-fn-te¡v Dgp-In-t¨-cp-I. AhÀ¡v {]Xo-£bpw ap¶-dn-bn¸pw \ÂIp-I. \pW-I-fp-sSbpw AÚ-X-bp-sSbpw AÔ-hn-izm-k-¯n-sâbpw {]Xo-I-lvMsf B{I-an-¡p-I. AhÀ kzsb D−m-¡nb hymP ssZh-§sf XIÀ¡pI . {]Xo-£-I-fn-Ãm¯ASn-a-IÄ¡v sNdp-kw-K-§Ä henb kwL-§sf AXn-P-bn¨ kμÀ`-§fw Ipdn¨p kt´m-j-hmÀ¯ \ÂIp-I. aÀ±n-XÀ¡pw

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\nń-XÀ¡pw `qan-bpsS A\-´-cm-h-Im-ihpw t\Xr-Xzhpw \ÂIm-\p-ff Af-fm-lp-hnsâ Xocp-am-\-s¯-¡p-dn¨v AhÀ¡v hm¡v sImSp-¡p-I. \·-IÂ]n-¡m\pw Xn· XS-bm\pw P\-§sf Blzm\w sN¿p-I. aÀ±-I-cmb ^tdm-h-am-cp-sSbpw Jmdq-·m-cp-sSbpw B`n-Nm-c-¡m-cp-sSbpw I]-S-k-\ym-kn-I-fp-sSbpw cmPy¯v \n¶v ASn-a-Isf tamNn-¸n-¡p-I. P\-§sf kzmX-{ý-¯n-te¡pw hmKvZm¯ `qan-bn-te¡pw la-Xz-¯n-te¡pw \oXn-bn-te¡pw \bn-¡p-I. Ah-km\w `qan-bpsS \nIr-jvS-X-bnÂ\n¶v kzÀ¤-¯n-te¡v DbÀ¯n-s¡m-−p-t]m-hp-I. hyàn-IÄ¡v ]Icw AÃm-lpsh Bcm-[n-¡p-I. aäp-a-X-§-fpsS A\o-Xn¡p ]Icw Ckvemansâ \oXn Øm]n-¡p-I.

‘D½n¿v’ F¶ \ma-hn-ti-jW ]Z-¯nsâ XmÂ]cyw P\-§-fpsS Bfm-bn-cn-¡p-I, Ah-cnÂ\n-¶p-bÀ¶p -h-cn-I Ah-tcm-sSm¸w Ign-bpI Fs¶m-s¡-bmWv (D-½n¿v: Fgp-Xm\pw hmbn-¡m\pw Adn-bm¯ {]hm-N-I³ 2:156) P\-§Â¡p-th−n \ne-sIm-ÅpI F¶Xv {]hm-N-I-sâ-bpw {]hm-NI ]n³Km-a-bmb {]_p-²-sâbpw {]tXy-I-amb Hcp kmaq-ly kz`m-h-am-Wv. Hä-s¸-«v, P\-§-fnÂ\n-¶-I-¶v, bqtdm-]y³ a«nÂ

]d-ªmÂ ‘Z´-tKm-]p-c-¯nÂ’, JpÀBsâ `mj-bnÂ ‘aqSp-]Sw ]pX¨p X³ Imcy-

§Ä t\m¡n Ign-bp¶hcmbn’ Pohn-¡m³ AhÀ¡v Ign-bpIbn-Ã. t¹tämbv¡v Xsâ hnZym-\n-tI-X\¯nsâ hmXn-ep-IÄ P\-§Ä¡pt\sc sIm«n-b-S-bv¡m³ Ign-

bpw. “t£{X KWn-X-a-dn-bm-¯-hÀ¡v Cu tXm«-¯n-te¡v {]th-i-\-anÃ” F¶v {]Jym-]n-¡m³ Ignbpw. GXm\pw alm-hn-Zzm-·m-tcmSv am{Xw At±-l-¯n\p kwhm-Zn-¡mw. dn -̧»n-¡v, bpt«m-̧ n-b, IhnX kXyw, Xn·, kZm-Nmc XXz-§Ä, \oXn, ss[cyw F¶n-h-sb-¡p-dn¨v NÀ¨-bmhmw. GX³knÂ At\-Im-bncw ASn-a-IÄ tImhÀI-gp-X-IÄ¡v ]Icw `mcw Npa-¡p-¶p-sh¶ hkvXpX At±-l-¯n\v {i²n-¡m-Xn-cn-¡mw. ap¸Xp {]`p-Ip-Spw-_-§Ä¡v th−n-bmWv Cu ASn-a-IÄ tPmen-sN-¿p-¶-Xv. t¹täm-bpsS A`naX{]Imcw temI-s¯-§p-apÅ sam¯w a\p-jy-cnÂ \·bpw Ipeo-\-Xbpw cà-¯nÂ Aen-ªp-tNÀ¶Xv Cu {]`p-Ip-Spw-_-§-fnÂ am{X-am-Wv. ¹mtäm-sb-t¸mse ASn-a-Isf A-h-K-Wn-¡m³ apl-½Zv \_n¡v Ign-bp-I-bn-Ã. {]hm-N-I³ Xsâ BZy-Ime PohnXw acp-`q-an-bnÂ B«n-S-b-\mbpw JZo-P-bpsS ho«nepw lndm-Kp-l-bnÂ [ym\y-¯n-ep-ambn Häbv¡v sNe-h-bn¨p. ]s£ {]hm-N-I-\mbn \ntbm-Kn-X-\mb DSs\ GIm-´-X-bpsS \nÈ_vZ ]ÀÆ-X-̄ nsâ inJ-cvX-XnÂ\n¶v At±lw Cd§n hcn-Ibpw a¡m \K-c-¯nsâ lrZ-b-̄ n-te¡v Kan-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. A`n-P-X-cpsS kt½-f\ tI{μ-amb Zmdp-¶-ZvhbpsS FXnÀh-i¯v, Xsâ kaq-l-̄ nse hymP-ssZ-h-§Äs¡-Xn-sc, k^m ae-bpsS apI-fnÂ Ibdn \n¶p-sIm−v At±lw Xsâ ktμiw hnfn¨p ]d-ªp. hoSnsâ ad-bp-t]-£n-¨p At±lw ]Ån-bnÂ Xma-k-am-¡n. hmk-Ø-e¯v \n¶v ]Ån-bn-te¡v AYhm P\-§-fpsS `h-\-̄ n-te¡v hmXnÂ Xd-¶p. {]hm-N-I-\mbn \ntbm-Kn-¡-s¸-«Xp apXÂ At±lw P\-§Ä aqSn-¸p-X-¨p-d-§m-\p-]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ ]pX-¸n-\p-ÅnÂ \n¶p ]pd-¯p-h-¶p F¶m-W-Xn-\À°w. ImcWw Ct¸m-g-t±lw ssZh¯nsâ ktμi hml-I-\m-Wv. C¶v Hcp imkv{X-Ú\pw XXz-Nn-́ -I\pw aX-`-à\pw temI kw`-h-hn-Im-k-§-fn-te¡v {i²-sIm-Sp-¡msX X§-fpsS Imcym-e-b-¯nsâ aqe-bntem ]mTie-bntem {KÙ-¯ntem hoSnsâ kuI-cy-§-fntem HXp-§n-¡-gn-bmw. F¶mÂ k¿n-±-am-ep-±o³ Ak-Zm-_m-Zn-sb-t¸mep-ff HcmÄ¡v ]mT-im-e-IÄ sImt−m Bcm-[-\-I-fntem \nKqV {]tNm-Z-\-§-fpsS Ipcp-¡-gn-¡-entem IÀ½ imkv{X-¯n-sâbpw kmln-Xy-¯nsâ XXz Nn´-bp-sSbpw Xe-\m-cng Iodn icoc ]oV-tbÂ¸nt¨m Xr]vXn-s¸-Sm³ Ign-bp-I-bn-Ã. AÃmam apl-½Zv CJv_m-en\v ]n. FOv.Un t\Sn, kÀÆ-I-em-ime Dt±mKw kzoI-cn¨v, Xsâ Npäpw ]Tn-Xm-¡-sfbpw htcWy imkv{X-Ú-tcbpw Hcp-an¨p Iq«n, Cý-bnse {_n«ojv km{am-Py-Xz-¯nsâ taÂIq-c¡p Xmsg Hcp aqe-bn-sem-Xp-§n, kmaqly {]iv\-§Ä Ah-K-Wn-¨p, hniz-

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ZmÀi-\n-I-]-«w-sIm−v kzbw Bh-cWw tkh sNbvXp \nÂ¡m³ ]äp-I-bn-Ã. Xsâ Úm\hpw {]Xn-̀ bpw hne-a-Xn¨p tkm{I-«o-kn-sâtbm ¹mtäm-bp-sStbm apÃmkZvd-bp-sStbm Pem-ep-±o³ ahve-hn-bp-sStbm IqsS XXz Nn´-bpsS A\-´hpw D¯pw-K-hp-amb hnlm-b-ÊnÂ ]mdn-¡-fn-¡m³ At±-l-tXsX In«n-Ã. Acn-tÌm-«n-ens\ shÃp hnfn-¡p-¶tXm C_v\p-ko-\sb JÞn-¡p-¶-Xntem apÃm-k-Zvd-bpsS IrXn-IÄ¡v `mjyw Na-¡p-¶-Xntem aämÀ¡pw t\cs¯ a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Ign-bm-Xn-cp¶ Hcp Imcyw Is−¯n F¶-Xntem BËmZw tXm¶p-I-bnÃ At±-l-¯n-\v. C´y-bnse \nc-£nX P\-Xbpw ]n³ \ne-bn-ep-ff apkvenwIfpw Xsâ Bi-b-§Ä {Kln-¡m³ am{Xw {XmWn-bp-f-f-h-cÃ F¶-t±lw a\-Ên-em¡n F¶p-I-cp-Xp-I. F¦nÂ At±-l-¯n\v H¶p-InÂ P\-§-fp-am-bp-ff k¼À¡w Dt]-£n¨v kzbw Hä-s¸«p XXz Nn´-bnepw ]c-am-\μ{]-Zhpw \nKq-V-hp-amb Bß-Úm-\-¯nepw hym]-cn-¡p-I. AsÃ-¦nÂ BÀs¡-¦nepw hnÂ¡m-\mbn Xsâ hne-]n-Sn¨ cXv\-§-sf-Ãm-sa-Sp¯v \mSp-hn-Sp-I. ]nt¶m¡w \nÂ¡p¶ kl-cm-Py-¡mÀ¡v At±-ls¯ a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Ign-ªn-«nÃ F¶Xv kXy-am-Wv. At±lw {]_p-²-Nn-´-I-\m-b-XmWv CXn-\p-Im-c-Ww. At±lw c£-s¸-Smt\m Hä-s¸-Smt\m B{K-ln-¨n-Ã.-P-\-§-fn-te¡v Hcp ZuXy-hp-am-

bmWv Xm³ \ntbm-Kn-¡-s -̧«Xv F¶-t±lw Xncn-̈ -dn-ªp. At±-l-̄ nsâ “kzXz(-Jp-Zn) XXz-imkv{Xw Hcp-{]-tXyI kn²m-´-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. Xsâ kaq-l-¯n³sc AkvXn-Iq-S-¯n-te¡v k¶n-th-in-¸n-¡m³ At±-l-am-tK-c-ln¨ hn¹h ssNX-\y-am-bn-cp¶p AXv. tIm«-IÄ¡-I¯v Ign-bp¶ _p²n-Po-hn-I-fnÂ am{Xw ]cn-an-X-am-h-cpXv _p²n-]-c-amb ]cn-hÀ¯-\w. {]_p² hyàn Z´ tKm]p-c-¯nÂ \n¶v ]pd-t¯-¡n-d§n hcWw . ImcWw jm³UÂ ]d-bp-¶Xv t]mse, Bcp-an-Ãm-t¯-S¯v \n¶v P\-§-sfbpw Ipdn¨v kwkm-cn-¡p-¶Xv hyÀ°-am-Wv, AsÃ-¦nÂ Im]-Syw. hS-¡³ sX{lm-\nse at\m-l-c-§-fmb Im¸n IS-I-fn-en-cp¶v km{am-Py-Xz-s¯bpw aq¶mw temI-s¯bpw kw_-Ôn¨p hmN-I-a-Sn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v kmaqly imkv{X-ÚÀ, cmjv{Sn-b-¡mÀ ,im-kv{X-ÚÀ, ZmÀi-\n-IÀ, Fgp-̄ p-ImÀ Iem-Im-c³amÀ,-F-s¶ms¡ kzbw A`n-am\w sIm−mÂ aXn. AhÀ {]_p-²-c-Ã. hnZym-k-¼-¶-cmb htc-\yÀ¡n-S-bnÂ Bß-t_m-[-ap-ff Ipsd-t]ÀX-§-fpsS khn-tij kmaqly Npäp-]m-Snsâ AXn-cp-IÄ¡-I¯v HXp-§n-¡gnbm³ hnk-½-Zn-¡p-¶p. {]_p-²-cm-bn-cn-¡p¶p F¶-Xn³sc klP `mK-amb *+ kmaq-tlym-̄ -c-hm-ZnXzw sshb-à-Xn-Xtam hn`m-Ko-btam Bb XmÂ¸-cy-§Ä¡-Xo-X-ambn {]hÀ¯n-¡m³ Ahsc t{]cn-̧ n-¡p-¶p. {]^-kÀ hn²³, Fgp-̄ p-Im-c³ imkv{X-ÚÀ, Kth-i-I³, ]cn-`m-i-I³, -XXzNn´-I³, Iem-Im-c³ XpS-§nb tae-¦n-IÄ hen¨p Iodm\pw AXv tlXp-hm-Ip-¶p. Cu amXncn Bh-c-W-§Ä-H-cmsf X¶nÂXs¶ s]mXnªp \nÀ¯p-I-bm-Wv. sshÚm-\n-tIm-Zv{K-Y\hpw imkv{X-Im-c³ F¶-S-ÈÊpw kwc-£n¨p \nÀ¯m\pw P\-§-fp-ambn tNcp-¶-Xns\ XS-bm-\p-am-W-Xv. ]s£ kmaqly D -̄c-hm-Zn¯w Bß-t_m-[-ap-ff _p²n-Po-hn-Isf X§-fpsS Hä-s¸« Kpl-I-fnÂ \n¶vþ´-ÊmÀ¶ D¶X kmaqly ]Z-hn-bnÂ \n¶vþ P\-§-fpsS \ne-hm-c-̄ n-te¡v {]hm-N-I-s\-t¸mse Cd-§n-h-cm³ t{]cn-̧ n-¡p-¶p. AXv aqew X§fpw a\p-jyÀ Xs¶-bmWv F¶ Xncn-¨-dnhv AhÀ¡p-−m-Ip-¶p.-km-[m-cW

P\-§-fp-ambn CS-]-g-Im³ AhÀ \nÀ_-Ôn-X-cm-Ip-¶p. “km[m-c-W-¡m-cmb efnX

Pohn-IÄ” F¶mWv P\-§sf hnfn-¡mdv; Ah-cnÂ \n¶mWv A[nIw \mb-Icpw DbÀ¶p h¶-Xv. F¶-XmWv hkvXp-X-sb-¦nepw kmaq-ly-D-̄ -c-hm-Zn¯t_m[w Bß-t_m-[-ap-ff {]_p² hyàn-Isf km[m-c-W-¡m-cp-ambn ssa{Xn Øm]n-¡m³ \nÀ_-Ôn-¡p-¶p. t\cs¯ ]dª At\y\yw Gäp-ap-«p¶ Ccp hymP hmKzm-Z-¡mcpw sa\-sª-Sp-¡p¶ If-f-¡-Y-Ifpw Ah-cnÂ \n\v#p-−m-Ip¶ A]-am-\-§fpw Btcm-]-W-§fpw Ah-tl-f-\-Ifpw KqVm-tem-N-\-Ifpw £am-]qÀÆw kln-¡m³ AX-hsc {]m]vX-cm-¡p-¶p. _p±n Pohn-I-fpsS Iogv]Wnsb-Sp-¡m³t]mepw tbmKy-X-bn-Ãm-̄ -h-cmb , i{Xp-Xbpw Akq-bbpw Ie-im-em-bp-ff tcmK-_m-Xn-X-cmb

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Bfp-I-fpsS F®-aä hnaÀi-\-§Ä Ah³ kln-t¡-−n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. GsX-¦nepw imkv{X-im-J-bpsS km[m-cW i_vZm-h-en-sb-¡p-dn¨v tIÄ¡pI t]mepw sNbvXn-«n-Ãm¯, efn-X-amb _me-]p-kvX-I-§-fpsS Hcp JÞn-I-t]mepw hmbn-¡m³ Ign-hn-Ãm¯ \nc-£c I£n-I-fpsS hnaÀi-\-§Ä t]mepw kln-¡-Ww.20 {]_p-²À

hnaÀi-I-cpsS ‘imkv{Xn-bhpw’ ‘tcJ-I-fp-f-f-amb’ hnaÀi-\-§ÄtIÄ¡p-¶p. AhÀ¡p adp-]Sn sImSp-¡p-I-bn-Ã. ImcWw AhÀ¡v AXn-t\-¡mÄ {][m-\-s¸« kmaqly D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-§Ä \nÀÆ-ln-¡m-\p-−v. \ne-hn-epÅ iq\y-Xbpw hnizm-k-hn-tZz-jhpw Ah-K-Wn¨v kaq-l-¯nÂ Hcp _u²nI aXhn¹hw hfÀ¯n-sb-Sp¯v X§-epsS Xe-ap-d-bpsS temI-ho-£-W-¯nepw imkv{X-Im-gvN-¸m-Snepw Bßob Znim-t_m-[-¯nepw ]cn-hÀ¯-\-ap-−m-¡m³ Cu {]_p² hyàn-IÄ B{K-ln-¡p-¶p-. aX-hn-izm-k-¯n-tâ-Xmb hyàhpw bpàn-k-l-hp-amb Hcp XcwKw krjvSn-¡p-I, hnkvar-Xhpw A\y-hÂI-rXhpw hÀ -̄am\ ]cn-tXm-h-Ø-bnÂ icn-bmb Ckvemansâ Nn{Xw hc-bv¡pI. CkvemanI \thm-°m-\-̄ n\v XpS¡w Ipdn-¡pI. X§-fpsS Ie-L-«-¯nÂ X§-fpsS kaq-l-¯nÂ bpàn-`-{Zhpw ]ptcmK-a-\m-ß-I-hp-amb Hcp aX \ho-I-cWw Bcw-̀ n--¡pI. {]_p-²À P\-§-fnÂ \n¶-I¶v Akw-L-Sn-X-cmbn NnX-dn-¡n-S-¡p¶ Ah-Ø-bnÂ CsXÃmw F§s\ km£m-XvI-cn¡pw F¶-XmWv {]iv\w. Ahsc sshhn-[y-amÀ¶ tkh-\-§Ä GXv Zni-bn-emWv tI{μo-I-cn-¡pI? bph-X-e-ap-d-bnÂ X§fpsS BZÀiw {]N-cn-̧ n¡m³ Fs´Ãmw ]²-Xn-I-fmWv AhÀ¡p-f-fXv? Z´-tKm-]p-c-¯nÂ \n¶v ]pd-¯p-I-S-¡m³ F´mWp amÀKw? P\-§-fnÂ \n¶v X§sf thÀXn-cn-¡p¶ Bghpw ]c-¸p-apÅ hnS-hn\p aosX F´v Xcw ]me-amWv AhÀ ]Wn-bpI? F´v sN¿m-\mWv Ah-cm-{K-ln-¡p-¶Xv? F´m-W-h-cp-sS- ]-cn-]mSn? Fs´Ãmw hn`h§-fm-W-h-cpsS ssIbn-ep-ÅXv? Bsc-bmWv AhÀ B{i-bn-¡m-\p-t²-in-¡p-¶Xv? ]ns¶ hfsc {][m-\-s -̧« Hcp Imcywþ_u-²nI Pohn-I-fpsS `mKw A`n-\-bn-¡p¶ kmwkvIm-cnI km{am-Py-¯nsâ k¼-¶hpw ià-hp-amb Ic-§-

fmÂ \nb-{´n-¡-s¸-Sp¶ BIÀjhpw \m\m-hn-[-hp-amb “_μn-¸n-¡p¶ ]pXp-amÀK-

§Ä” hnZ-KvZ-ambn \S-̧ m-¡p¶ ]cn-N-b- k-¼-¶-cmb \S-·m-cpsS Imcy-̄ nÂ F´m-W-hÀ¡v sN¿m³ km[n-¡pI? adp-`m-K¯v AÚ-cmb P\-§-sf´v sN¿pw? aX-

t\-Xm-¡-fpsS `mKw A`n-\-bn¨p ‘aμn-̧ n-¡-ensâ ]g-©³ amÀ¤-§Ä’ \S-¸m-¡p¶ hZ-KvZ-\-S-·msc F§s\ ssIImcyw sN¿pw? Bß-t_m-[hpw D¯-c-hm-Zn-¯-hp-apÅ, ià-amb aXhnizmk¯n-eqsS {]_p-²X t\Snb CkvemanI kwkvIm-cs¯ ]ptcm-K-\m-ß-I-ambn a\-Ên-em-¡n-bXv aqew Ckveman-s\-¡p-dn¨v bpàn ]qÀ®-amb ho£Ww ]peÀ¯p¶, C¡m-c-W-§-fmÂ CkvemanI ]WvUn-X-·msc amÀ¤-ZÀi\w sN¿p-Ibpw {]_p-²-cm-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pI F¶ ZuXyw Gsä-Sp¯ hyI-Xn-bpsS D¯-c-hm-Zn¯w Iptd-¡qSn Zpjv¡-c-am-Wv. I]S aX-_p-²n-I-fpsS tdmÄ \mS-I-im-e-bnse atä `mK-¯p-Å-h-tc-Xn-t\-¡mÄ IqSp-XÂ _p²n-ap-«p-Å-Xm-WtÃm. AtX-t]mse ]c-¼-cm-KX aX-]m-T-im-e-bnse(lu-k) aX-]-c-ambn {]_p-²-X-t\-Sn-bn-«pÅ hyàn-I-fpsS D¯-c-hm-Zn-¯hpw ITn-\hpw {]bm-k-hp-ta-dn-b-Xm-Wv. Ckvemw CÃm¯ ]cn-Øn-Xn-bn-eÃ adn¨v hnIr-Xhpw hymP-hp-amb Ckvemw \ndªp \nÂ¡p¶ Øe-¯mWv AhÀ¡v {]hÀ¯n-¡m-\p-ÅXv. _p²n-Po-hn-IÄ tPmen-sN-¿p-¶Xv aXs¯ \nμn-¡p-¶-h-cpsS CS-bn-em-Wv. aX-{]-_p-²À Ckvemansâ lrZ-b-̄ nepw. _p²o-Po-hn-IÄ¡v t\cn-Sm-\pÅ i{Xp-¡Ä iq\y-l-kvXtcm ZrjvSn-tKm-N-c-amb hn{Klw Npa-¡p-¶-htcm BWv. Ah-cpsS hgn hfsc hyàw. AXn-cp-IÄ icn-bmbn \nÀÆ-Nn-¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶p. Ckveman-s\bpw A\nkveman-s\bpw Hcp ]pg thÀXn-cn-¡p-¶p. F¶mÂ CkvemanI ]mT-im-e-I-fnse JpÀ-B³ ssIh-i-apÅ aX-{]-_p-²À JpÀ-B-\ns\ sImSn-IÄ¡pw _b-\-äp-

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IÄ¡pw D]-cn-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ Bfp-I-tfm-SmWv t]mcm-tS-− -Xv. tX\o-¨-¡q-Sp-I-sf-¶-t]mse X§-fpsS hoSp-I-fnÂ\n¶v {]mÀ°-\-I-fp-sSbpw JpÀ-B³ ]mcm-b-W-̄ n-sâbpw aqfÂ tIÄ¡m-hp¶ Bfp-I-sf-bm-Wv AhÀ¡v t\cn-tS-− -Xv. hfsc {]bm-k-apÅ tPmen-bm-Wn-Xv. BI-bmÂ \msa´p sN¿pw? e£y-§Ä 1. kmaq-l-̄ nse aX-\n-jvT-bp-f-f-hcpw kzX-{´-cp-amb Bfp-IÄ H¶n-¡p-I..

t_m[hpw am\-hn-I-Xbpw \nan¯w “PmK-c-W-¯n-sâbpw amÀ¤ ZÀi\”¯nsâbpw \nÀ®m-bI D¯-c-hm-ZnXzw Gsä-Sp-¡p-¶-h-sc-bmWv Rm\p-t±-in-¡p-¶-Xv. AtX-t]mse apl-½Zv \_n-bpsS hntam-N\ Ckvemapw Aen-bpsS \oXn-tX-Sp¶ Nn´m-k-c-Wnbpw (ioC-kw) CÉm-an-I-þ-am-\p-jn-I-þ-ssZ-hnI aqÃy-§Ä kwc-£n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-ff `mcn¨ D¯-c-hm-ZnXzw GÂ¸n-¨n-«p-ff Bfp-I-fpw. 2. Htc ssIIÄ hgn-bnÂ Hcp-¡n-h¨ c−p NXn-s¡-Wn-I-fnÂ \n¶pw (\m-S-I-im-e-IÄ) P\-§sf c£n-¡-Ww. aX-̄ nÂsd t]cnÂ P\-§Ä AÚ-X-bp-sSbpw AÔ-hn-izm-k-¯n³scbpw sshIm-cn-Itam AaqÀ¯tam A]-I-Stam {]tbm-P\ cln-X-tam-Bb ]mc-¼-cy-§-fp-sSbpw Cc-bm-bn-̄ o-c-cp-Xv. kXy-k-Ô-X-bp-sSbpw al-Xz-¯n-sâbpw aXw \pW-I-fp-sSbpw kXw-`n-¸n-¡-en-sâbpw \nμ -bp-sSbpw hml-\-am-h-cp-Xv. \½psS bph-X-e-ap-dbpw _p²n-Po-hn-Ifpw Hcp-hiw Ncnª bmYmÀ°y-§ÄI−v aX-¯nÂ \n¶v HmSn-b-I-em³ ]mSn-Ã. c£-s¸-SÂ {]{In-b-¡n-S-bnÂ{]-XnNn _m[nX th«-¡m-cp-sSbpw aÀ¡S kZri A\p-IÀ¯m-¡-fp-sSbpw sIWn-bnÂ, kmwkvIm-cnI km{am-Py-Xz-¯nsâ k¦oÀ®amb Nne-́ n-h-e-bnÂ Ah-c-I-s -̧Spw. temI-i-àn-I-fpsS {]Nm-cW kap-¨-b-am-W-Xv. iq\y-X-bn-te¡pw \njv^-eX-bn-te¡pw AhÀ \bn-¡-s¸-«p-Iq-Sm. Xncn-¨-dn-bm\pw sXc-sª-Sp-¡m\pw sNdp-¯p-\nÂ¡m-\p-ap-ff Ah-cpsS Ignhv \jvS-s¸-«p-t]m-hpw. Ah-cpsS kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw am\p-jn-I-hp-amb Ignhv tNmÀ¶v t]mhpw hmKvZm\w sN¿-s¸-Sp¶ Bßob ùXnI DÂ -̧¶-§-tfXpw D]-t`m-Kn-¡p-¶, kXz-an-Ãm-̄ , Ffp¸w hg-§p¶ Pohn-I-fmbn amdp-a-hÀ. CXn-\mÂ P\-§sf c£n-t¡-− -Xm-h-iy-am-Wv. 3. CXp-hsc \½psS _p²n-Po-hn-Isf ]Sn-ªmdv temI-s¯-¡p-dn¨v ]Tn-¸n-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. \mK-cn-IX AYhm kwkvImcw F´m-sW¶v AXv \t½mSv ]d-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. ]uc-kvXyw, ]mÝmXyw, imkv{Xw, aXw, XXz-Nn-´, hnZym-`ym-kw, kmaqly hyh-Ø, cmjv{Snb t\Xr-Xzw,-Po-hn-X-co-Xn-IÄ, \h-[mÀan-I-X, kmlnXyw, Ie, kuμ -cy-imkv{Xw apX-em-b-h-sc-¡p-dn-s¨Ãmw AXv \ap¡v hnh-cn¨v Xcn-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. Ah-sc-¡p-dn¨v AhÀ Nnń-¡p-Ibpw Ah-sc-]-än\mw Nnń-¡-W-sa¶ Ah-cm-{K-ln-¡p-¶-Xp-amb coXn-bnÂ ]Sn-ªmdv \ap¡v Imcy-lvMÄ hni-Zo-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw hymJym-\n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. \½psS aXhpw Ncn-{Xhpw kmln-Xyhpw Iebpw am\p-jn-I-aq-Ãy-§fpw ]Sn-ªmdv \ap¡v hni-Zo-I-cn¨p X¶p. \s½-¡p-dn¨v ]Tn-¡m\pw \½psS Ncn-{X,-a-X, B²ym-ßnI kzXz-§Ä {Kln-¡m\pw H¶m-a-Xmbn Cu

“Ipä A[ym-]-I\v” F´m-W-tX-¡p-dn¨ ]d-bm-\p-f-f-Xv F¶-dn-bm³ \mw Im¯p \n¶p. CkvemanI hni-b-§-fnepw t]Àjy³ Ihn-X-bnepw ]Wn-sb-Sp-¡p¶ \½psS Nn´-Icpw imkv{X-Úcpw Fgp-̄ p-ImÀ t]mepw ]Sn-ªm-d³ kmwkvIm-cnI b{´-§Ä DÂ¸m-Zn-¸n¨ Cd-¡p-a-Xn-¨m-¡p-I-fpsS D]-t`m-àm-¡-fm-Wv. Kth-ijIÀ ]Sn-ªm-d³ k{¼-Zm-b-¯nsâ hnhÀ -̄I³amÀ am{X-am-bn-̄ o-cp-¶p. B{^n, Gjy, emän³Ata-cn¡ F¶n-hn-S-lvM-fnÂ \n¶v Nnesc ]mÝm-XyÀbq-tdm-¸n-te¡v sImavSp-h-¶p. ]mco-knepw e− -Wnepw BwÌÀUm-anepw khm-cn-sN-¿n-¡m-dp-−v aq¶mw temI-t¯¡v ]Sn-ªmdv Ibän Ab-¡m-\m{K-ln-¡p¶ Imcy-§-fpsS {]Nm-c-Icpw a[y-hÀ¯n-I-fp-am-b-`n-\-bn-¡m³ Bh-iy-amb bqtdm-̧ y³ kz_mh

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hnti-j-§Ä ]Tn-̧ n¨v sImSp-¡m-\m-WnXv F¶v ^m\sâ ]pkvX-I-̄ n-s\-gp-Xn-bXv BapI¯nÂ kmÀXrÀ Nq−n-¡m-Wn-¡p-¶p. C§s\ Fgp-Xp-t¼mÄ kmÀXr Dt±-in-¨Xpw taÂ]-d-ª-Im-cy-am-Wv. kz´w \m«n-te¡v Xncn-s¨-¯p-t¼mÄ Gjy³ B{^n-¡³ emän-\-ta-cn-¡³ hnZq-c-Ø-§-fnÂ sh¨v AhÀ ]Sn-ªmcv \n¶v ]Tn¨ Imcy-§Ä BhÀ¯n-¡pw. ss[cyw {]ZÀin-¸n-¡m\pw a\-Ên-ep-f-fXv Xpd¶v ]d-bm-\p-ff ka-b-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. kmÀXr ]d-bp-¶-Xvt]m-se, amXr-cm-Py¯v bqtdm-̧ y³ Bi-b-§fpw A\p-`-§vfpw OÀ±n-¡m-\p-ff XsâSw \mw ImWn-¡Ww.

4. ‘\mw \½n-te¡v Xs¶ aS-§pI’33. hÀ -̄am-\s¯ Xnc-kvI-cn¨p `mhnbpsS t\sc ]pdw Xncn¨p ]pXnb Fń-s\bpw aX-{`m-́ p-Im«n XÅn-¡-f-b-W-sa-¶Ã. \½psS kz´w am\p-jnI kmwkvIm-cnI [À½m-\p-jvT\ XXz-§-fn-te¡v aS-§pI F¶-XmWv Rm\À°-am-¡-¶-Xv. Hcp ]nń-cn-¸³ {]kvYm\w Bcw-`n-¡m-\pÅ ap{Zm-

hm-Iy-aÃ CXv. I]S _p²n-Po-hn-IÄ k¦Â]n-¡p-¶-Xn\v hncp-²-ambn ‘\½n-te¡v

Xs¶-bpÅ aS¡w’. GXm\pw {]mtZ-inI ]mc-¼-cy-§-fp-sSbpw BNm-c-§-ep-sSbpw D]-cn-hn-¹-hhpw A\p-I-c-W-]-c-amb ]p\-cp-²m-c-Wtam `qX-Im-es¯ OÀ²n-¡tem

AÃ. “\½psS a\p-jym-h-Ø-bnepw kmwkvIm-cnI A[ym-ßnI k¯-bn-ep-apÅ

A\y-h-kvXp-¡sf \o¡w sN¿p-I” hgn ‘Bß-\nÀaq-e-\’-¯nÂ \n¶v \s½-̄ s¶ c£n-¡m-\pÅ ]ptcm-K-\m-ßI {]Øm-\-am-Wn-Xv. sImÅ-b-Sn-¡-s¸« aqey-§fpw hn\n-jvS-amb kXyhpw Is− -¯m-\pÅ {]Øm-\w. \½psS kz´w thcp-Isf B{i-bn-¡m-\pÅ Blzm-\w. aäp-Å-h-cpsS \mhp-sIm−v kwkm-cn-¡p-¶Xpw A\y-cpsS ]mZ-§ÂsIm−v \S-¡p-¶Xpw XS-bm-\pÅ {]Øm-\w. 5. Ncn-{X-¯nsâ CcpÄ]m-fn-I-fnÂ Ipgn¨v aqS-s¸-Sp-Ibpw hnkm-ar-X-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvX {]hn-im-e-amb B[ym-ßnI kmwkvIm-cnI hn`-h-§Ä \mw Iphn-s -̈Sp-¡p-Ibpw \ho-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw thWw. AXnsâ A\-́ -cm-h-Im-gn-IÄ¡v B hn`-h-§Ä {]tbm-P-\-s -̧Sp-¯m-\p-ff Ignhv \jvS-s¸«p t]mbncn¡p-¶p.. Cu \jvS-¯n³sc ê-ambn a\pjy Ncn-{X-¯nÂ XpÃy-X-bn-Ãm¯ hnim-ehpw A\-´-hp-amb \n[n-ti-J-c-§Ä¡p aosX AXn-sâ A\-´-cm-h-Im-in-IÄ hni¶p s]mcnªp Zcn-{Z-ambn hntZ-in-I-fpsS klmbw Bh-iy-s -̧«p-I-gn-bp-I-bm-Wv. 6. imkv{Xn-bhpw _p²n-]-c-hp-ambn AÔ-hn-izm-k-§-tfmSv \mw s]mcp-XpI kaq-l-¯nsâ Nn´-sbbpw ssNX-\y-s¯bpw XS-hn-em-¡p-Ibpw XfÀhmXw ]nSn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvX a\pjy hncp² A\n-km-em-anI hnizm-km-Nm-c-§sf \mw shÃp-hn-fn-¡Ww. imkv{X Kth-j-W-§-fn-eqsSbpw cmjv{Sob aX,-ZmÀi-\nI Zpcp-t±-i-§sf bpàn-]-c-ambn hni-I-e\w sN¿pw.-N-cn-{X-¯n-ep-S-\ofw {]hÀ¯-\-\n-c-X-am-bn-cp¶ hÀ¤ LS-I-§Ä hntÇ-jWw sN¿pw. CXv \nÀÆ-ln-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. AtX-t]mse aX-]-c-amb Is− -̄ -ep-I-sfbpw hyXn-bm-\-lvM-sfbpw Ncn-{X-¯n-se§pw ImWm-hp¶ \ntj-[m-ßI \ymbo-I-c-W-§-sfbpw Ah-bpsS \ntj-[m-ßI kmaqly kzm[o-\-§-sfbpw apkv enwI-fpsS Pohn-X-¯nÂ AXp-−m-¡nb ZpÈ-Ip\w ]nSn¨ {]Xy-b-imkv{Xþ{]m-tbm-KnI {]Xym-Lm-X-§-sfbpw Xncn-̈ -dn-ªvsIm−pw CXv

\nÀÆ-ln-¡m³ Ign-bpw. “A[x-]-Xn-¨Xpw ab-¡n-In-S-¯p-¶-Xp-amb aXs¯” P\-a-\-

ÊnÂ \n¶v \nÀamÀÖ\w sN¿m-\p-ff Gähpw ià-amb amÀ¤w ‘]ptcm-K-a-\m-ß-

Ihpw kpPm-{K-hp-amb’ aX-amWv F¶v Ie-l-kz-̀ m-h-ap-ff {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-§-fpsS ka-c-a-S-¡-ap-ff Ncn-{Xm-\p-`-h-§Ä \s½ ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶p. 23 CkvemanI Ncn-{Xhpw CXn-\-]-hm-Z-a-Ã. \½psS hnizmk kwln-X-bnÂ- B-ib¡pg¸w krjvSn¨pw ]Sn-ªm-dns\ t\cn-Sp-¶-XnÂ \ap¡v kzmX-{´hpw a\pjy kz`m-hhpw Xcp¶ Bßob Icm-dp-Isf ]nfÀ¯nbpw kmwkvIm-cnI hyXn-bm-\-§Ä D−m-¡nbpw \½psS kaq-

34

l-̄ nsâ D -̄am-ZÀi-§-sfbpw AXnsâ _p²n-Po-hn-I-sfbpw \in-¸n-¡pI F¶ Dt±-i-t¯msS {]N-cn-¸n-¡vs¸-Sp¶ hnj-en-]vXhpw hgn ]ng-¨-Xp-amb Nn´-I-fpsS iàhpw \nc-́ -c-hp-amb AXn-{I-as¯ \mw sNdp-¡Ww kzX-{´-amb Hcp _u²nI {]Øm\w cq]-s¸-Sp-¯n-s¡m−v am{Xta \ap¡v sNdp¯p \nÂ¡m³ Ign-bp-I-bp-f-fq. Bh-iy-ap-ff _p²n]chpw {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-]-c-hp-amb hn`-h-§Ä {][m\w sN¿-Ww. hnaÀk\ tijn ]cn-t]m-in-¸n-¡p-Ibpw hfÀ¯n-sb-Sp-¡p-Ibpw thWw. bphm-¡Ä¡pw _p²n-Po-hn-IÄ¡p-an-S-bnÂ kz{]-Xyb ssØcyw hÀ²n-¸n-¡-Ww. 7. \½psS kaq-l-̄ n-sâ, hntijn¨v bphm-¡-fp-sSbpw _p²n-Po-hn-I-fp-sS-bpw, [mÀ½n-Im-[x-]-X\w e£yw sh¨v Bkq-{Xaw sN¿-s¸« hnhn[ ]²-Xn-Ifpw ]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw {]{In-b-Ifpw \½psS FXnÀ¸Àln-¡p-¶p. ImcWw Ah-cpsS iànbpw Nn´n-¡m-\p-ff Ah-k-chpw am\p-jnI {]Xn-_-²-Xbpw D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xzhpw [mÀan-Im-[]X\w aqew \jvS-s¸«p t]mhpw. XXv̂ -e-ambn Ah-cpsS hnizm-khpw BZÀihpw Bß t_m[hpw am\-hnI \qey-§-ep-saÃmw Agn-a-Xn-bpsS Sfn-Ø-e-t¯¡v hen¨v hmhv̄ -s¸Spw . aqÀ¨-bp-ff Hcp Nn´m-{]-Øm\w Bcw-`n-¡-Ww. t_m[-̄ n³sc ]cnZn hnI-kn-̧ n¡Ww. kmaqly D¯-c-hm-ZnvXz-§fpw _u±nI {]iv\-§fpw NÀ¨ sN¿Ww.-A-§ns\ X§-fpsS ØvXnsb Ipcn-¨m-tem-Nn-¡m³ P\-§sf \nÀ_-Ôn-¡p-I. ià-amb ASn-Øm-\-§-fp-ambpw bph-X-e-ap-dsb _Ô-s¸-Sp-¯p-I. C§s\ Cubp²w hnP-bn-¡mw. Npcp-In-I-¯nÂ _p²n-Po-hn-IÄ¡v

“e£y-§Ä” D−m-¡n-s¡m-Sp¯v \½psS e£yw \nd-th-äm³ Ign-bpw -F-´p-sIm-s− -¶mÂ Ae-Ivknkv Imd-ens\ ]cm-hÀ¯\w sNbvXp ]dbmw, PohnX e£y-an-Ãm¯ Bfp-IÄ am{Xw B−p-t]m-hp¶ NXp¸p \ne-amWv BËm-Zm-t\z-j-Ww. 8. temI-s¯bpw B[p-\nI \mK-cn-I-X-sbbpw ]Sn-ªm-d³ kwkvIm-c-s¯bpw km{am-Py¯z iàn-I-sfbpw Ing¡pw ]Sn-ªmdpw X½n-ep-ff {]Xy£ ]tcm£ _Ô-§-sfbpw \mw IrXy-ambn a\-Ên-em-¡Ww Hcp aXw F¶ \ne¡pw Hcp kwkv¡mcw F¶ \ne¡pw a\pjy kap-l-̄ nsâ hen-sbmcp hn`m-Ks¯ _m[n-¡p¶ Ncn{Xw F¶ \ne¡pw Ckv emansâ i{Xp-¡-fpsS khn-tij e£y-§Ä\mw XoÀ -̈bmbpw Adn-ªn-cn-t¡-− -Xp-−v. temI¯v Ct¸mÄ \ne-hn-ep-f-f-{]-h-W-X-IÄ¡v P·w \ÂIp¶ FÃm _u²nI {]iv\-§fpw Nn´m-[m-c-Ifpw {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-§fpw \mw NÀ¨ sN¿Ww . \ap¡v CjvS-am-bmepw Ah \½psS Nn -́I-sfbpw hnIm-c-§-sf-bpw-kzm-[o-\n-¡p-¶p-−v. {]tX-tb-In¨v _p²n-Po-hn-I-fpsS . hkvXp \njvT A´m-cmjv{S bmYmÀ°y-§-sfbpw Ah-bn-e-´À`-hn-¨-L-S-I-§fpw iàn-Ifpw e`y-amb hn`-h-§fpw \ne-hn-ep-ff Ah-ØIfpw \mw a\-Ên-em-¡Ww.

Npcp-¡-̄ nÂ ‘\½psS Imes¯’ cq]-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶Xpw \½psS hn[n-sbbpw hnizm-k-s¯bpw kwkvIm-c-s¯bpw Pohn-X-s¯bpw A\p-Iq-e-amsb {]nIq-e-amsb kv]Àin-¡p-¶-Xp-amb apgp-h³ hni-b-§fpw \mw a\-Ên-em¡vWw ImcWw C¶v _lp-P\ am[y-a-§fpw Bi-b-hn-\n-ab amÀ¤-§fpw {[pX-K-Xn-bnÂhym-]n¨p hcp¶ Hcp Ime¯v , AS¨p ]q«nb ]mc-¼cy ZpÀ¤-§Â \new s]m¯p-I-bm-av. P\-Xn-I-sfbpw cmjv{S-§-sfbpw Hu]-Nm-cn-I-ambn GI-cq-]-am-¡nbpw A\y-a-X-§-fp-sSbpw aX-Io-btam tZio-bsa Bb kwkvIm-c-§-fpsS taÂ BtKmf Xe-¯nÂ kz´w kwkv¡mcw ASn-t¨Â¸n¨v sIm−pw ]Sn-ªodv Cu {]{InbbpsS thKw Iq«p-¶p.

“kz´w Adn-bpI”, “kzkw-kv¡m-c-¯n-te¡v t_m[-]qÀÆw Xncn¨v t]mhp-I.” AsÃ-¦nÂ CJv_mÂ ]d-bp-¶Xv t]mse Ckvem-an-eqsS aX-Nn-´IfpsS ]p\-kw-hn-

[m\w” km[n-¡pIþ CXp-am-{X-tam-Xp-d-¶Xpw hnim-e-hp-abm temI-ho-£-Whpw Ime-s¯bpw a\p,#v-bm-h-Ø-sbbpw Ipdn¨v IrXy-amb [mc-W-bp-ff Hcp hn`m-K-¯n\v {]mtbm-Kn-I-amb Hcp {]hÀ¯\ ]²Xn Hcp-¡p-I-bp-f-fq.

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9. \mw “CkvemanI \thm-°m-\-¯n\v ap³I-s¿-Sp-¡p-I. AXm-bXv Ckv emansâ Hcp ]p\À P·-¯n\v AXnsâ hn¹h ssNX\yw, sXen-a, ]cn-ip-²n,-am-\-hn-I-X, A´Êpw D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xzhpw P\n-¸n-¡p¶ hnizmkw F¶n-h-bpsS DWÀÆn\v

“bYmÀ¯ Ckemw’ bpàn-]-chpw bmYmÀ°ym[njvSn-Xhpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb ho£-Ww-\n-c-̄ p-Ibpw am\-hn-Im-i-b-§Ä FSp¯p Im«nbpw sNbvXn-«p-−v. Cu ktμiw \mw ho−pw ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯p-I. a\pjy Ncn-{X-¯nsâ XIÀ¶Xpw £oWn-Xhpw Ccp-f-S-ª-Xp-amb lrZ-b-¯nÂ A\-iz-chpw ASn-Øm\ ]c-hp-amb hn]vfhw s]«¶ krjvSn¨ ktμ -i-am-W-Xv. P\-§-fpsS [mÀ½nI aqÃy-§Ä¡pw Nn´-IÄ¡pw hnIm-c-§Ä¡pw AXv A[n-bmb Dt¯-P\w \ÂIn. acp-`q-an-bnÂ alm-{]-Xn-`-Isf hmÀs¯-Sp-̄ p. ImS-̄ -¯nÂ \n¶v \mK-cn-I-X-IÄ \«p hfÀ¯n. kvXw`-\-¯nÂ \n¶v Ne-\-ap-−m-¡n. _e-lo-\-X-bnÂ \n¶v iàn P\n-¸n-¨p. A[-a-Xz-¯nÂ \n¶v al-Xzhpw ASn-a-Xz-̄ nÂ \n¶v kzmX-´yhpw D−m¡n aÀ±n-X-cnepw \nÊ-lm-b-cnepw Bß-t_m-[hpw \oXn-Zm-lhpw A¦p-cn-¸n-¨p. B ktμ -i-s¯-bmWv\mw ]p\-c-h-X-cn-̧ n-t¡-− -Xv.

Cu e£y-§Ä t\Sm³ F´v sN¿Ww F¶ tNmZyw Cu L«-¯nÂ XoÀ¨-bmbpw

D¶-bn-¡-s -̧Spw. Iptd-IqSn IWn-i-am-bn-¸-d-ªmÂ “Fhn-sS-bmWv \mw Bcw-̀ n-

¡pI”24 F¶v. Cu tNmZy-§Ä¡pÅ D¯cw kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw kmÀh-{Xn-Itam Ønctam Bb kq{X-hm-Iy-am-bn-cn-¡p-I-bnÃ. ImcWw, H¶-am-Xmbn Hmtcm hyànbpw Cu tNmZy-̄ n-\p-¯cw \ÂIpI Xsâ temI-ho-£-W-̄ n\pw {]tXyI Nn´m-[m-cbv¡pw A\p-kr-X-am-bn-«m-bn-cn-¡pw. c−m-a-Xm-bn, P\-§-fpsS D¯-c-hm-Zn-¯-§Ä Ah-cpsS kmaq-lnI hÀ¤-§-fp-am-bn-cn-¡pw Gdnb Iqdpw Xocp-am-\n-¡p-I F¶mÂ t{imXmh hyàntbm hn`m-Ktam Hcp {]tXyI hÀ¤tam F¶-Xnsâ ASn-Øm-\-̄ nepw Cu tNmZy-̄ n-\pÅ D¯cw hyXy-kvX-s¸Spw. AXn-\mÂ ChnsS Hcp-¯cw \ÂIp-¶-Xn\v \mw \½psS ho£-W-s¯bpw kmaq-ly-hÀ¤-s¯bpw thÀXn-cn-¨-dn-tb-− -Xp-−v. AXm-bXv GXv Nn´m-{]-Øm-\-̄ n-\-\p-cq-]-ambpw hÀ¤-ho-£-W-¯nÂ \n¶p-amWv \mw kwkm-cn-¡p-¶Xv F¶v \nÝ-bn-¡p-I. \mw kwkm-cn-

¡p-¶Xv ‘{]_p² apkvenwIÄ’25 F¶-\n-e-bv¡mWv.

‘t_m[-an-Ãm-¯ _lp-P-\-§sf’ ]c-¼-cm-KX kaq-l-¯nÂ {]_p-²-hy-àn-I-fpsS {]Ya D¯-c-hm-ZnXzw X§-fpsS P\-§Ä t_m[w \ÂI-em-sW¶v Hcp s]mXp-Xz-Xz-

\r-ambn \msa-Ãm-hcpw hniz-kn-t¡-− -Xp-−v26. ‘\mw FhnsS XpS§pw’ F¶ tNmZy-¯n\v D¯cw \ÂIm³ \mw C\n-¸-d-bp¶ Ah-km\ ap{Zm-hmIyw \nÀt±-in-¡p¶p:

“Ckvemansâ ]p\ÀÖ·w”. Cu ]p\ÀÖ-\vaw F§s\ km[n-Xam¡mw F¶--tNmZyw Ah-ti-jn-¸n-¡p-¶p. Ckvemw Xs¶ AXn-\pÅ adp-]Sn X¶n-«p−v. Ncn-{X-¯nÂ hgn-sX-än-t¸m-hp-t¼mgpw \qäm-−p-I-fpsS Xa-ÊnÂ hg-¡-Sn-¡p¶ hn`m-K-§-fmbn hn`-Pn-¡-s¸-Sp-t¼mgpw Bi-b-§-fpsS ]cm-h-c-̄ nÂ ]cn-{`m-´-cm-hp-t¼mgpw AhÀ {]bmWw \nÀ¯p-Ibpw Ass\-Iys¯ sh¨v s]mdp-¸n-¡p-Ibpw DuÀÖw ]mgm-¡p-Ibpw sN¿-cptX F¶v AXv A\p-bm-bn-Isf ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶p. ]Icw AhÀ JpÀ-B-\n-te¡v aS-§-Ww. apkvenw kaq-l-¯nse Hmtcm hn`m-K-§fpw X§-fmWv bYmÀ° Ckvemans\ {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-¡p-¶Xv F¶v hmZn-¡p¶ Ct¸m-gs¯ kml-N-cy-¯nÂ \nÊw-ibw \mw Ckvemansâ BhnÀ`m-h-Im-es¯ BZy apkvenw IfpsS Ah-Ø-bn-te¡v Xncn-¨p-t]m-h-Ww. XXz-Nn-́ -bp-tStbm \nKq-V-hm-X-̄ n-sâtbm aäp aX ]mc-X{´y Ncn-{X-L-S-§-fp-tStbm klm-b-an-ÃmsX Ckvemans\ a\-Ên-em-¡m³ AhÀ¡v Ign-ªn-cp-¶p. Ch-sbÃmw DS-se-Sp-¯Xv ]nÂ¡m-evX-Xm-Wv. C\n Hcp hn¹h DÄ¸-cn-hÀ¯\w hgn Ime-̄ nsâ XS-Ê-§Ä X«n-\o¡n B

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Ah-Ø-bn-se-¯m³ Ign-ªp F¶p sh¡p-I. At¸mÄ asämcp {]iv\w. “GXp

JpÀB\n-te-¡mWv \mw aS-t§-−Xv?”28 Jpssdin {]`p-Xzs¯ ]p\x-Øm-]n-¡p-Ibpw A_q-Z-dvdns\ sImÃp-Ibpw sNbvX aq¶mw Jeo^ Dkvamsâ sIm«m-c¯n-ep-]-tbm-Kn¨ JpÀ-B-\n-tet¡m? {]hm-N-Isâ ]Ån-bpsS Hcp-aq-e-bnÂ Xma-kn¨ im-´-{]-Ir-X-\mb Camw Aen-bpsS sIm¨p-Ip-Sn-enÂ D]-tbm-Kn¨ JpÀ-B-\n-e-tet¡m? hwio-b-hm-gvN-sbbpw {]`p-Xz-s¯bpw kwc-£n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw th−n Awdp_v\p Bkvv Ip´-¯nÂ Ip¯n-bp-bÀ¯n JpÀ-B-\n-tet¡m? Ch-bnÂ GXv JpÀ-B-\n-te-¡mWv \mw aS-t§-−Xv? CXn-\pÅ icn-bmb D¯cw I−p-]n-Sn-¡p-t¼mÄ \ap¡p a\-Ên-emhpw F´p-sIm-−mWv Cdm³ P\X BZy-Im-e¯v Iq«-t¯msS Ckvemw kzoI-cn-¡m³ [rXn-Iq-«n-bXv F¶v. GXv £W-t¯m-Sp-apÅ {]Xn-I-cWw Hcm-h-iy-¯n-sâbpw t\«-¯n-sâbpw \nÀÆ-l-W-am-sW¶ Imcy-¯nÂ kwi-b-an-Ã. hÀ¤-hn-th-N-\hpw kmkm\n cmPm-¡-·m-cpsS aÀ±-\hpw kucm-jv{Sn-b³ ]utcm-ln-Xy-¯nsâ ac-hn-¸n-¡epw aqew IjvS-X-b-\p-̀ -hn¨ Cdm³ P\X bmYmÀ° Ckvemansâ ktμ -i-̄ nÂ

“hnizm-knbpw \oXnbpw t\Xr-Xzhpw”ZÀin-̈ p. icn-bmb Ckvemansâ Cu aq¶v LS-I-§Ä apgp-h³ P\-§-fp-sSbpw e£y-§Ä cq]o-I-cn-¡p-¶p. C¡m-e¯p-t]mepw kXy-¯nÂ ka-Im-enI temI¯v C¶v \S-¶p-sIm-−n-cn-¡p¶ kwLÀjw Cu XXz-§-fpsS Npäp-amWv Id-§n-s¡m-−n-cn-¡p-¶Xv. C¶s¯ apkvenwI-fpsS {][m\ e£y§sf AXv D¶w sh¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.

Ahy-à-amb H¶pw Ath-ti-jn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡m³ GXm\pw ‘D¯a amXr-I-I-fpsS’ DZm-l-cWw ImWp-I. H¶m-a-t¯Xv Camw Aen. ‘hnizm-kw, \oXn, t\XrXzw’ F¶n-

h-bnÂ A[n-jvTn-X-amWv At±-l-¯nsâ aXw. ‘Aen BhpI’ F¶mÂ P\-§-fpsS bYmÀ° t\Xr-Xz-̄ nsâ hnfw-_cw F¶m-WÀ°w. At±-l-̄ nsâ {]hÀ¯\w C§s\ kzXz-{]-Zn-]m-Z\w \S-¯p-¶p. BZy-s¯ 23 hÀjw At±lw hnizm-k-̄ n-\p-

th−n s]mcp-Xn. ASp¯ 25 hÀjw At±lw ‘apkvenw kaq-l-̄ nsâ sFIy-̄ n-

\p-th−n’ kl\w sNbvXp. Ah-km-\s¯ A©p-hÀjw \oXn-¡p-th−n bp²w

sNbvXp. Camw lpssk-\mWv c−m-as¯ amXrI. At±lw ‘amÀ¤ ZÀi-\-̄ nsâ

{]Im-i-\hpw’ ‘hntam-N-\-̄ nsâ hm\hpw’ ‘Pohn-¡p¶ cà-km-£n-bp-amWv’þF-Ãm-Im-e-t¯¡pw FÃm Xe-ap-d-IÄ¡pw. amXr-tbm-Ky-amb Pohn-X-¯n-eqsS Xsâ ka-Im-e¯pw {]tZ-i¯pw D¯chm-Zn¯ t_m[-apÅ BÀ¡pw kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\v th−n Aen-bpsS Ckveman\v hymJym\w \ÂIn-bXpw AXv Pohn¨p ImWn¨p

X¶Xpw At±-l-amWv.29 Hcp ‘apkvenw _p²n-Pohn’ Xsâ Ime-s¯bpw Øes¯bpw Pohn-X-s¯bpw tPmen-sbbpw Camw \ne-hmcw sh¨v Xn«-s¸-Sp-¯Ww. CXp-hsc \s½ A\p-[m-h\w sNbvX Hcp _p²n-Pohn \ap-s¡mcp CkvemanI \thm-°m\w Bh-iy-amWv F¶ Imcy-s¯-¡p-dn¨v t_m[-hm-\m-bn-cn¡pw. \½n-te¡v Xs¶-bpÅ Xncn¨p t]m¡nsâ kn²m-´hpw bYmÀ° Ckvemans\ ]p\-cp-Öo-hn-¸n-t¡-− -Xnsâ Bh-iy-I-X-sbbpw Ah\v t_m[y-am-bn-«p-−v. HcnkveanI kaq-l-¯nÂ Fs´-¦nepw e£yw km[n-¡-W-sa-¦nÂ JpÀ-B-\n-te¡v aS-t§-−-Xp−v. Camw Aen a\-Ên-em-¡nb JpÀ-B-\n-te-¡v-þ-F¶ Imcyw AbmÄ¡v t_m[y-am-bn-«p−v F¶v \mw {]Xo-£n-¡p-¶p. Ah-km-\-ambn \½psS _p²n-Pohn kplr¯v, \½psS Ime-L-«-¯nÂ Aen-bpsS JpÀ-B-\n-te-¡pÅ

aS¡w ‘hnizmkw, kn´m-²w, sFIyw, \oXn, t\XrXw’ F¶ hfsc ASn-Øm\ ]c-amb ap{Zm-hmIyw DÄs¡m-Åp-¶-XmWv F¶v AwKo-I-cn-¡p-sa¶pw \mw {]Xo-

£n-¡p-¶p. C§s\ PohnXw ‘{]Xy-b-im-kv{X-]-chpw’ ‘ka-c-hp-amb’ P\-§sf

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DÂt_m-[n-̧ n-¡Â ZuXy-ambn kzoI-cn¨ {]_p² _p²n-Po-hn-bpsS D -̄c-hm-ZnXzw Fs´¶v hyà-ambn Xncn-̈ -dn-b-s -̧«n-cn-¡p-¶p. Ipdn-¸p-IÄ 1. Ckvemansâ {]hm-N-I³ ]dªp: ‘Hmtcm-cp-¯cpw Xm³ kmZr-iy-s¸-Sp¶ hn`m-K-

t¯m-sSm-¸-amWv’. kmaqly imkv{X-Úcpw {]_p-²-cmb km{am-Py¯ hncp-²cpw BKn-cWw F¶v hnfn-¡p¶ kwK-Xn-bp-ambn Cu \_n-h-N-\-¯nsâ cq]hpw Df-f-S-¡hpw tbmPn-¡p-¶p. bqtdm-¸y³ km{am-PyXz hmZn-IÄ tImfWn P\-Xsb hfsc IrXy-ambpw NSp-e-ambpw c−v hn`m-K-ambn Xncn-¨n-«p−v. aäp coXn-bnÂ ]d-ªmÂtIm-f-\n-I-fnse P\-§Ä bqtdm¸y³ iàn-I-tfm-Sp-ff kao-]\w sh¨p t\m¡n-bmÂ c−pv Xc-¡m-cmWv. H¶p-InÂ AhÀ X§-fpsS ]c-¼-cm-KX aqÃy hyh-Ø-tbmSv Iqdp ]peÀ¯n ]gb a«nÂ Ign-bp-¶p. AsÃ-¦nÂ aäp-f-f-h-cpsS aq#v-Ãy-hy-h-Ø-bn-te¡v BKn-cWw sN¿-s -̧Sp-¶p. B[p-\n-IÀ, B[p-\nI hmZn-IÄ, ]mÝmXy hÂIr-XÀ, _p²n Pohn-IÄ F¶v t]mepw, hnfn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶Xv Ch-sc-bm-

Wv. F¶mÂ Ipsd-IqSn IWn-i-amb hnti-jWw ‘BKn-cWw sN¿-s¸-«-hÀ’ F¶-Xm-Wv.

2. i-co-A-̄ n-bpsS IrXn-I-fnÂ BhÀ¯n¨p hcp¶ Hcm-i-b-am-Wv. ‘kmwkvIm-cnI

hyXn-cn-àX’. XA-Êps_ ^Àl³Kn (kmw-kvIm-cnI Bth-iw) F¶ Bi-bw-sIm−v At±lw CXv {]I-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶p. At±-l-¯nsâ A`n-{]m-b-¯nÂ kln-jvWp-X-sb-¡p-dn¨ XÀ¡hpw kmwkvIm-cnI hyXn-cIvXXbn-ep-ff Ipdª Du¶epw ]mÝm-Xy-c-Ãm¯ P\-§-fpsS hyànXzw \in-̧ n-¡m-\p-ff ]mÝm-Xy-cpsS Hcp amÀ¤-amWv (F-Un).

3. ^m-\sâ The Wretched of the Earth F¶ ]pkvX-I-¯n\v kmÀ{Xv Fgp-Xnb

apJ-hpc (Newyark: Grove press Inc 1963) bnÂ C¡mcyw hnh-cn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.

4. ]m-cokv XS-h-d-bnse kw`m-j-W-§Ä’ ImWp-I.

5. lm-anZv AÂKm-dnsâ ‘Mirza Malkumkhan: A study in the History of Iranian modernism F¶ ]pkvX-I-¯nÂ \n¶v aÂIpw-Jmsâ Pohn-Xhpw {]hÀ¯-\hpw

a\-Ên-em-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. (Berkely and Los Angeles: Universityof California Press)- FUn-äÀ 6. Cu {]iv\-¯nÂ t]mepw At±lw ]d-bp-¶Xv \pW-bm-Wv. Ip{]-kn-²n-bnepw A]-am-\-¯nepw IqSn XJn-km-Z¡v hnizm-ky-X-bnÃ F¶v CXv ImWn-¡p-¶p. aoÀkm aÂIpw Jm\mWv CXmZyw ]d-ª-Xv. XJn kmZ-b-Ã.

7. C-dm³ Ncn-{X-¯nÂ ‘]pI-bne {]Xn-tj[w’ F¶-dn-b-s -̧Sp¶ Ime-L-«s¯ (1891þ1892) bmWv ico-A¯n kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv. ]pI-bne hym]m-c-̄ n\v Hcp {_n«ojv I¼-\n-¡-\p-h-Zn¨ Cf-hn-s\-Xn-sc -P-\-§Ä i_-Zn-¨p. aoÀkm lk³ iodm-kn-bpsS ^Xz-bmWv ]pI-hen \nÀ¯m³ Imc-W-am-bXv (F-Un).

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8. {i-t²-b-\mb Hcm-{^n-¡³ Ihnbpw hn¹-h-Im-cn-bpw. B{^n-¡³ cmPy-§Ä kzmX{´yw t\Sp-Ibpw {^©v ssk\yw ]n³am-dp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶-tXmsS B{^n-¡-bnse {^©v sImtem-Wn-b-enkw Ah-km-\n-¡p-I-bn-Ã, hntZi _m¦p-IÄ ChnsS \n¶v A{]-Xy-£-am-hp-¶-tXmsS am{Xta AX-h-km-\n¡p F¶-t±lw ]d-bm-dp-−m-bn-cp-¶p.

9. JpÀ-B-\nse ‘I]Shnkzm-kn-IÂ’ (ap-\m-^n-Jp³) F¶ 63þmw A²ymb-am-Wvkq-N-\. lnPvd 4þmw hÀjw aZo-\-bnÂ Ah-X-cn¨ kqd-¯m-Wn-Xv. (F-Un) 10.{]-hm-N-I³ ]f-fn-bnÂ h¨p sNbvX Ah-km-\s¯ {]`m-j-W-¯nÂ C§s\

]dªp: “P\-§sf, Ccp− Ime-§Ä H¶n\p]ndsI H¶mbn h¶p sIm−n-cn-¡p-

I-bmWv”. 11. ]-{´-−m-bncw `S-·m-cp-ambn _phm-km³ tKm{X-t¯mSv bp²w sN¿m³ t]mIsh \_n Acp-fn-b-Xm-Wn-Xv. 12. lp-PvÀ_n³ BZn Camw Aen-bp-sSbpw Camw lk-sâbpw Hcp {][m\ kJm-hm-bn-cp-¶p. 13. Jm-Zn-k-b-bnÂ Ckmemansâ ssk\yhpw kmkm-\n-Ifpw Gäp-ap«n. CXnÂ kmkm-\n-IÄ ]cm-P-b-s -̧Sp-Ibpw \in-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. bÀaq-InÂ sh¨mWv ss_k³ssâ³ km{am-Py-hp-ambn apkvenwIÄ Gäp-ap-«n-bXv (F-Un)

14.”XS-h-d-bntem hmfp-I-fntem AÃmsX \ap¡v ac-W-anÃ” Hcp inbm-Camw ]d-ªn-«p-−v.

15. “\n§Ä¡v aXhpw hnizm-k-hp-an-sÃ-¦nÂ Npcp-§nb ]£w Cu temI¯v kzX-

{´m-ßm-¡-fp-ff Bfp-I-sf-¦nepw BhpI” F¶v Bipdm Znhkw Camw lpssk³ ]d-ª-Xmbn dnt¸mÀ«p-−v. 16. lÖv thf-bnÂ a¡-bnÂ _en-sIm-Sp-¡-s -̧Sp¶ Zi-e-£-¡-W-¡n\v S¬ amwkw Aán-¡n-c-bm¡n Ipgn¨paqSp-¶-Xn\v ]Icw F´v sIm−v kpUm-\n-te¡v sImSp-¯-b¨vIqSm F¶v tNmZn-¨-t¸mÄ_-en-amwkw AapkvenwIÄ¡v hnX-cWw sN¿m³ ]mSnÃ F¶ XXzw adp-]-Sn-bmbn ]d-ª-h-cp−v. kpUm³ apkvenw `qcn-]-£-\m-Sm-sW¶ Imcyw t]mepw Cu amXncn {KÙ-IÀ¯m-¡Ä¡-dn-bn-Ã. 17. \n-b-a-hn-t[-bhpw (l-emÂ) \nba hncp-²hp (l-dmw) amb [\s¯ Ipdn-¨Ã A_p-ZÀdv ]d-ª-Xv. aX-]-c-amb A\p-hm-Z-ap-ff amcv¤-§-fn-eq-sS-bmtWm AtÃ [\w k¼m-Zn-¨Xv F¶ At±lw NÀ¨ sNbvXn-«n-Ã. A_p-lp-ssd-d-sbbpw Ilv_pÂ Alv_m-dn-s\bpw t]mep-ff Bfp-IÄ Dkvamsâ tImS-Xn-bnÂ Cuam-Xncn NÀ¨-IÄ \S-¯m-dp-avSm-bn-cp-¶p. A_p-ZÀdnsâ A`n-{]m-b-¯nÂ GXv Xc-¯n-ep-ff [\hpw DS-a-bp-amb apJ¯v s]mf-fp¶ {hW-am-Wv. ImcWw aX-]-ctam AÃm-¯tXm Bb X{´-§-fn-eqsS P\-§-fnÂ \n¶v IhÀs¶-Sp-̄ -Xp-am-hp-a-Xv. Aen-bpsS A`n-{]m-b-¯nÂ Iq«n-sh-¡-s¸-«n-«p-ff GXv [\hpw Bcp-sStbm Ah-Imiw ewLn-¡-s¸-«n-«p−v F¶-Xnsâ kqN-\-bm-Wv. hyàn-bp-S-a-bnÂ [\-ti-J-chpw aqe-[-\hpw D−m-hp-¶Xv Ipcvd-I-c-am-sW¶v JpÀ-B-\n-ep-−v. \nb-a-]-c-amb X{´-§Ä]n-¶oSv I−p-]n-Sn-¨-Xm-Wv. 19. Cu \mep hn`m-K-§Ä (A-[n-Im-cn-IÄ, k¼-¶À, I]-S-_p-±n-Po-hn-IÄ, _lp-P-\-§Ä) ico-A¯n Nn -́bnÂ {][m\ ]¦v hln-¡p-¶p. BZys¯ aq¶v hn_m-Khpw

39

\mem-as¯ Iq«Às¡-Xnsc kwL-Sn-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. ChÀ¡n-S-bn-ep-ff \ne-¡m¯ ka-c-amWv Ncn-{X-̄ nsâ Nme-I-iàn (F-Un.)

20. i-co-A-¯n-bpsS ‘]nZÀam-ZÀam-ap-¯-laow’ F¶ IrXn-bnÂ C¡mcyw hni-Z-ambn {]Xn-]m-Zn-̈ n-«p-−v. 21. Cu-am-Xncn IYm-]m-{X-§-sf-¡p-dn¨ ]d-bp-t¼mÄ ico-A-¯n-bpsS a\-ÊnÂ At±-l-¯nsâ hnaÀi-I-cpsS hyà-amb Nn{X-ap−v. At±-l-̄ n\v hfsc shdp-̧ p-f-f-hcpw hfsc tamiw A`n-{]m-b-ap-f-f-hcpamb Bfp-IÄ (F-Un) 22. kz-´-¯n-te¡v aS-§p-I. tZko-bhpw Ncn-{X-]-c-hp-amb ]mc-¼-cys¯ B{i-bn-

¡pI” CXmWv B{^n-¡³ _p²n-Po-hn-IÄ apt¼m«v sh¨ ap{Zm-hmIyw Idp¯ hÀ¤-̄ n\v kmwkvIm-cnI {Inbm-ß-I-X-bnÃ F¶pw AXv kz -́amb kwkvImcw Hcn-¡epw D−m-¡n-bn-«nÃ F¶pw Bb-Xn-\mÂ bqtdm-¸yÀ¡p th−n ]Wn-sb-Sp-¡p-Ibpw ]Sn-ªm-dnsâ kmwkvIm-cn-I-A-\p-IÀ¯m-¡-fm-hp-I-bp-a-ÃmsX AhÀ¡v thsc amÀ¤-anÃ F¶pw Nn{Xn-I-cn-¡p¶ ]mÝm-Xysc t\cn-Sm-\p-ff Hcp amÀ¤-am-Wn-Xv. AXn-\mÂ kz´w BZn kwkvIm-c-¯n-te¡v Xncn-¨p-t]-hpI F¶ B{^n-¡³ _p²n-Po-hn-I-fpsS ap{Zm-hmIyw ]ptcm-K-a-\-]-c-am-Wv. aÀlpw PemÂ Aen AÒ-Znsâ KÀ_vk-ZKn (]m-jvNm-Xy-_m-[) F¶ {KÙ-¯nse \nÀtZ-i-hp-ambn Cdm-\n-b³ kml-N-cy-̄ nÂ CXv Xmc-X-ay-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xm-Wv. \½psS A`n-{]m-b-¯nÂ, F´m-bvepw, Ak emapw Cdm-\p-am-bpÅ Gäp-ap-«-enÂ \½psS {]m¼cy kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ AkvXnXzw AhÀ \ntj-[n-¨n-«n-Ã. AhÀ \½psS kwkvIm-cs¯ AwKo-I-cn¨p hfsc s]cp-̧ n¨p Im«nb coXn-bnev Xs¶ Ah-cXv sNbvXn-«p-−v. sXc-sª-Sp¯ Nne hi-§Ä am{Xw DbÀ¯n-¡m-Wn-̈ p-sIm-−mWv AXv \½psS kwkvIm-cs¯ D]-tbm-K-s -̧Sp-̄ p-¶-Xv. \½psS kmwkvIm-cnI `qX-Im-e-¯nsâ al-Xz-hÂ¡-cWw \mw sN¿-W-sa¶v ]Sn-ªm-dm-{K-ln-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv-þ-\-½psS Hcp {]iv\-§fpw ]cn-l-cn- ¡p¶n-Ã. s#¶v am{X-aÃ ]Sn-ªm-dn\v Zpc-]-tbm-Kw-s¸-Sp-¯m-\pÅ ]pXnb Xe-§Ä krjvSn¨p F¶pw-h-cpw. \½psS tZio-b-ss]-Xr-I-§fpw kz`m-h§fpw hos− -Sp-¡pI F¶ hymtP\ \½psS hwi-{]-¼-cy-§fpw BNm-c-§fpw ]p\-cp-²-cn-¡pI

F¶ t]cnÂ ]Sn-ªmdv \s½ Hcp ]pXnb ‘ ]nń-cn-¸³’ L«-̄ n-te¡v XÅn-hn-t«-¡mw. irwIm-c-¯n-sâbpw A\p-I-c-W-]-c-amb ]g-©³ kz`m#v-h-¯n-sâbpw ]Sn-

ªm-d³ coXn-bn-epÅ NpW-sI« I½yq-Wn-k-̄ n-sâbpw cq]-̄ nÂ ]pXnb ‘]nń-

cn-¸¯-¯nsâ’ Nne kz`m-h-§Ä t\scs¯ Xs¶ {]I-S-am-bn-«p-−v. ]mÝm-Xy-_m-[n-X-cpsS bpàn-bn-Ãm-bva-bp-tSbpw hnUvVn-¯-¯n-sâ-bpw-kq-N-I-§-fmb sshcp-²m-b-§-fmWv Ch-sb-Ãmw. CuIr-{Xna ]uc-kvXy-hÂI-cWw ]Sn-ªm-dm-h-iy-s¸-Sp-¶-sX´pw Hm¡m-\n-¡p¶ Bfp-Isf HmÀa-bn-ep-WÀ¯p-¶p. kpÀ¡ aXp-c-ap-Å-XmWv

F¶v Hcp ]mÝm-Xy³ ]d-ªYv sIm−v am{Xw kpÀ¡-bpsS ‘am[pcyw’ cpNn¨ ]uc-kvXys\ AtXmÀ½-s -̧Sp-̄ p-¶p. Npcp-¡-̄ nÂ Cdm-\nepw aän-Ck emanI

\mSp-I-fnepw Cu coXn-bn-epÅ ]mc-¼-cy-̄ n-te-¡pÅ Xncn-̈ p-t]m-¡vþ “Ata-cn-¡³

]nń-cn-¸¯w” F¶p hnfn¡mw CXns\ kvXw`-\-̄ n³sc Hcp ]pXnb cq]-amWv CXm-Is« At§-bäw hr¯n-sI-«-Xpw. \½n-te-¡p-X-s¶-bpÅ aS¡w F¶v \mw ]d-bp-t¼mÄ \½psS ]nń-cn-¸³ `qX-Im-e-t -̄¡pÅ F¶Ã \mw AÀ°-am-¡p-¶-Xv. {]mNo\ an¯p-I-fn-te¡pw Ah-bpsS

40

{Zhn¨ AØn-Isf al-Xz-hÂ¡-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-te¡pw aS-§pI F¶pw \mw

AÀ°am¡p¶nÃ-. A¯cw aS-¡-§-sfÃmw Ck emw XÅn-¡-f-bp¶p: “ \n§Ä

]nń-cn-tªm-Sp-I-bmtWm?” (3:144) \½psS am\-hnI kzXz-§-fn-te¡v aS-§pI F¶mWv \mw Dt²-in-¡p-¶-Xv. \½psS hyàn-Xzhpw kz`m-hhpw I−p-]n-Sn-¡p-¶-Xn\p th−n \½psS Ncn-Xv]-chpw tk²m-ń-I-hp-amb kzXz-§-fn-te-¡pÅ aS-¡w. \½psS {Imbm-ßI Bßm-hn-sâbpw DZm¯ Bßob aqey-§-fp-sSbpw ]p\-cp-Öo-

h-\w. C{]-Imcw ‘\½n-te¡v aS-§pI’ F¶ ap{Zm-hm-Iy-¯nÂ \mw tNmZn-¡Ww: GtX kzXzw ? CXn-lm-k-]-chpw ]pcm-W-]-c-hp-amb kzXzs¯ Ipdn-̈ mtWm \mw ]d-bp-¶Xv ? hwiob kzXzw ? Ncn-{X-kz-Xz-§Ä ? ]c-¼-cm-K-Xhpw P·-tZ-in-b-hp-amb kz -̄h-§Ä? {]mNo\ kzXz-§Ä ? aX-]-c-amb kzXz-§Ä ? \½psS aX kzXz-§sf¡p-dn-̈ mWv \mw ]d-bp-¶-tX-¦nÂ GtX aX-s -̄bmWv \mw Dt²-in-¡p-¶Xv? skmdm-kv{So-b-\kw ? aPq-kn-aXw? AsÃ-¦nÂ Ckv emw aXw? Ckeman-s\-¡p-dn-¨m-sW-¦nÂ GXv Ckvemw? inb ? kp¶n? in BsW-¦nÂ GXv inb ? Aehn? kehn? kzXz-¯n-te-¡pÅ aS¡w F¶mÂ Ncn-{X-¯n-ep-S-\ofw cq]o-Ir-X-am-bn-«p-ÅXpw \ap¡v Bßob hyàn-Xzhpw kmwkvIm-cnI hyàn-Xzhpw \ÂIn-bn-«p-ÅXpw \½psS _p²n-]-c-amb Znibv¡v cq]w \ÂIn-b-Xp-amb \½psS khn-ti-j-amb

am\p-jnI kz¯hw F¶mWÀ° F¶v ‘GXv kzXz-̄ n-te-¡mWv ?’ F¶ Fsâ \n_-²-¯nÂ Rm³ hyà-am-¡n-bn-«p-−v. Ncn-{Xm-h-in-jvS-§Ä¡pw kw`-h-§Ä¡pw cwK-§Ä¡pw Xmsg Ipgn-¨p-aq-S-s¸-Sp-Ibpw `qX-Im-e-¯nsâ `mchpw hÀ -̄am-\-̄ nsâ Ipg-̧ -§fpw aqSp-Ibpw sNbvXn-«p-s−¶pw ka-Im-en-I-cn-te-s¡-

¯p¶ ‘ CS-X-S-hn-Ãm¯ Ne-\-amb’ ss\cćyapÅ bYmÀ° ssNX-\y-am-W-Xv. \½psS Hgp-¨p-Iq-Sm-\m-hm¯ a\p-jy-Xzhpw DZm¯ {]Xym-b- imkv{X ssNX-\yhpw \½psS A²ym-ßnI aqey-§-fp-w kuI-cy-§fpsaÃmw hln-¡p¶ B bmYmÀ°y-s¯-bmWv Rm\À°-am-¡p-¶-Xv. hÀ¯-am-\-amb `qX-am-W-Xv. Pohn-¡p-Ibpw Nen-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ Ncn-{Xw. acn-¨p-t]mb aX-¯n-tet¡m imkv{X-Úcpw Ncn-{X-Im-c³amcpw Ah-cpsS ]pkvXI Xmfp-I-fnepw tcJ-I-fnepw ]pcm-W-§-fnepw HmÀ¯p-sh-¡p¶ XIÀ¶-sIm-«m-c-§Ä¡-I¯v \qäm-−p-I-fpsS XmgvN-bnÂ ad-ªp-In-S-¡p¶ {]mNo\ XXz-§-fn-tet¡m DÅ aS-¡-a-Ã AXv. ]pcm-hkvXp ivkvXc-ÚÀ J\\w sNbvsX-Sp¯v Poh\pw Ne-\hpw sImSp¯ `qX-Im-e-¯nsâ ih-¸-d-

¼nse arX-tZ-l-hp-\-Ã. Fsâ a\-Ên-epÅ kzXzw “Hc-\-izc a\p-jyam”Wv. ]e-\q-äm-−p-I-fnÂ Pohn-¡p-Ibpw amä-§Ä¡pw hn¹-h-§Ä¡pw _lp-hn[ kwkvIm-c-§Ä¡pw km£n-bm-hp-Ibpw sNbvX Zi-e-£-¡-W-¡n\v \ap-jy-cp-ambn kmßo-I-cWw t\Snb {]mbw sN¶ Hcp hyàn-bm-WvXv. C¡m-e¯v \mamWm hyàn..

Cu FÃm A\p- -̀h-§-tfmSpw IqSn Cu ‘kzXzw’ Hcp shXn-c-àX t\Sp-Ibpw \l-̄ mb Hcp ssNX-\yhpw {]hn-im-ehpw Ihp-sªm-gp-Ip-¶-Xp-amb hn`-h-§fpw kuI-cy-§fpw kz -́am-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶p. AÛpX iàn-I-tfmSv IqSnb tbip-hn-s\-t¸mse! AsX-k-abw kmwkvI-cnI km{am-Py-Xz-hm-Zn-IÄ¡pw Ah-cpsS aqSp-Xm-§n-IÄ¡pw Ahs\ `b-am-Wv. Ahs\ \nÀho-cy-am-¡m\pw \in-¸n-¡p\pw AhÀ{i-an-¡p-¶p.. \mw Ah\w Xncn-¨-dn-ªp-t]mhpw F¶-XmWv ]Sn-ªm-dnsâ òXn. Ahsc Bcm-[n-¡p-¶-Xn\v ]Icw \mw Ah-cnÂ A`bw tXSpw. Pohn-X-¯nsâ HmSp-hn-es¯ A²y-b-¯nÂ Ckveman-te¡vþ Camw Aen-bp-sSþ ]cn-hÀ¯\w sNbvX-h-\m-W-h³. Ah³ \½psS kz´w kzXz-am-Wv. ]Sn-ªm-dn\pw kmwkv{InI kmw{am-Py-¯-h-̄ n\pw ]nń-cn-¸-¯-¯n\pw hnIrX aX-¯n\pw AÚ-Xbv¡pw _e-lo-\-Xbv¡pw AÔ-amb {]¼-cym-\p-I-c-W-§Ä¡pw aX

41

{`m´n\pw hymP B[p-\nIXbv¡p-sa-Xnsc \ne-s¡m-Åp¶ \½psS ‘kzXzw’. \mw

s]mcp-tX− FÃm A\y hkvXp-¡Ä¡p-sa-Xnsc \ne-\nÂ¡p¶ ‘\mw’ Bkz-Xz-¯n-te-¡mWv \½psS aS-¡-hpw.

23. Fsâ ‘aX-¯n-s\-Xnsc’ F¶ IrXn ImWpI 24. Du ]pkvX-I-¯nsâ c−mw A²mbw t#m¡p-I.

25. ‘ dpi³^nIvÀ h akv-Duen¿m¯v’ ( {]_p-²cpw D¯-c-hm-Zn-¯-§-fpw) s#¶ IrXn-bnÂ CXv hnh-cn-̈ n-cn-¡p-¶p.

26. kmaq-ly-km-l-N-cy-§Ä, Ncn-{X-L-«w, Hmtcm kaq-l-̄ n-sâbpw kwkvImcw

F¶nh B{i-bn¨v Cu t_m[-¯n\v ‘ tZin-b, kmwkvIm-cnI’ ‘hÀK’, ‘cmjv{Snb’ {]Øm-\-§-fpsS cq]-ap-−m-hpw. DZm-l-c-W-¯n\v emän-\-ta-cn-¡-

bnÂ AXn-\p-ÅXv Hcp ‘kmaq-ly-cm-jv{Snb’ kz`m-h-am-Wv. AtX kasb

hwi-hn-th-N\w Hcp k¦Â]-am-hp¶ tImf-\n-I-fnÂ AXn-s\mcp ‘tZinb’ kzc-am.bn-cn¡pw D−m-hp-I. B{^n-¡-bnÂ ‘kmwkvIm-cnI t_m[-‘¯nsâ cq]-am-W-Xn-\v.

27. ]c-¼-cm-KX Ckv emanI kaq-l-§-fnÂ aX-hm-Zntbm atX-X-ct\m Bb {]Xn-_-²-X-bpÅ GsXmcp _p²n-Po-hnbpw \nÀ_-Ô-ambpw Ak emans\ B{i-bn-t¡−n hcp-¶-Xnsâ Imc-W-an-Xm-Wv. aX-_p-²n-Po-hn-IÄ AXns\ Hcp {]tXy-im-kvX-c-ambpw atX-X-c-_p-²n-Po-hn-IÄ Hcp kwkvIm-c-ambpw ImWp-¶p.

28. H¶n-[nIw JpÀ-B-\p-s− -¶Ã kpN-\.-JpÀ-Bsâ ]e-Xcw D]-tbm-K-§fpw hymIym-\-§-fp-amWv.(-Un)

29. Camw Aenbpw Camw lpssk\pw icn-A-¯n-bpsS c−v {][m\ \mb-I-cm-Wv.

42

c−v FhnsS XpS-§Ww (1971 \h-¼À amk-¯nÂ sSlvdm-\nse sSIv\n-¡Â kÀÆ-I-em-im-e-bnÂ \S¶ {]`m-j-Ww). A_p-ZÀdmWv Fsâ BNm-cy³. Ckveman-s\bpw iobn-k-s¯bpw kw_-Ôn¨ At±-l-¯nsâ Nn´bpw Adnhpw Bth-ihpw BZÀk e£y-§fpw kzmb-¯-am-¡m³ Rm³ Xo{h-ambn {ian-¡p-¶p. At±-l-¯nsâ ]mc-¼cy a\p-k-cn¨v Rm³ Fsâ kwkmcw aÀ±n-X-cpsS1 ssZh-̄ nsâ \ma-̄ nÂ Bcw-̀ n-¡-s«. Hcp {]tXyI hni-b-s¯-¡p-dn-¨mWv Rm³ kwkm-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. {]iv\-§sf imkv{Xo-b-amb coXn-bnepw `mj-bnepw kao-]n-¡m¯ Bfp-IÄ, Fsâ {]`m-jW hnj-b-hp-ambn t\cn«p _Ô-s¸-«-sX¶v AhÀ Icp-Xp¶ Nne {]iv\-§Äkw-km-c-¯nÂ DÄs¸-Sp-¯m-¯-Xnsâ t]cnÂ ]Ã-t¸mgpw Fs¶ hnaÀin-¡m-dp-−v. F¶mÂ Hcp {]`m-j-It\m Fgp-̄ p-Im-ct\m Hcp hnjbw sXc-sª-Sp-¯mÂ-A-bm-fpsS _m²yX B hnj-b-̄ nsâ ]cn-[n-bnÂ \n¶p-sIm−v Xm³ apt¼m-«p-sh-¡p¶ Bi-bs¯ IWn-i-ambn A]-{K-Yn-¡p-Ibpw AXn\v sXfn-hp-IÄ \ÂIp-I-bp-am-sW¶v \n§Ä¡-dn-bmw. DZm-l-c-W-am-bn,-Ckveman-s\-Xn-cnÂ AXnsâ i{Xp-¡fpw AXn-s\-¡p-dn-¨-dn-bm-¯-hcpw D¶-bn-¡p¶ Btcm-]-W-§-fmWv {]Xn-]mZy hni-b-sa¶v Icp-Xp-I. Ah-cpsS Btcm-]-W-§-tfmSv bpàn-]qÀÆ-I-ambpw imkv{Xn-b-ambpw {]Xn-I-cn-¡m-\m-{K-ln-¡p¶ Fgp¯p Imct\m {]`m-j-It\m \nÀ_-Ô-ambpw Xsâ hnj-b-̄ n-te¡v kzbw HXp§n \nÂ¡Ww. Ckveman-I-amb apgp-h³ Nn´m-hn-j-b-§fpw Btem-N-\-bnÂ hcpwhn[w Ckveman-s\m-cm-ap-Jhpw ka{K ]cn-N-bhpw \ÂIp-¶-Xm-bn-cn-¡-cpXv Abm-fpsS Fgp-¯v, AsÃ-¦nÂ {]`m-j-Ww. Nne {]tXyI hnj-b-§-fnÂ Ckvemw sXän-²-cn-¡-s¸-«n-«p-s−¶v am{Xta AbmÄ Ah-Im-i-s¸-tS-− -Xp-f-fq. B sXän-²m-c-W-IÂ \o¡w sN¿p-¶-XnÂ hnP-bn-̈ mÂ Abm-epsS D¯-c-hm-ZnXzw XoÀ¶p. _lp-P-\-§Ä¡n-S-bnÂ s]mXp-hnepw {]_p-²À¡n-S-bnÂ hnti-jn¨pw D¶o-X-am-bn-s¡m-−n-cn-¡p¶ Hcp \nÝnX tNmZy-¯n-\p-ff D¯-c-

amWv Fsâ {]`m-jW hnibw. tNmZy-an-XmWv: “Fhn-sS-bmWv \mw Bcw-`n-¡pI?” tNmZyw kmÀÆ-eu-Io-I-amb H¶m-Wv. AtXm-sSm¸w hfsc AKm-[hpw ASn-Øm-\-]-c-hpw.. Fsâ kz´w ]T-\-s¯tbm hyàn-]-c-amb A`n-cp-Nn-sbtbm `mh-\-sbtbm Bkv]-Z-am¡n Rm\p-¶-bn-¡p-¶-XÃ Cu tNmZyw. \½psS Ime-L-«-¯nsâ tNmZy-an-XmWv. AXvs\m-cp-̄ cw \ÂIm-\mWv Fsâ {iaw.

hniz kmaq-lnI hnImkNcn{Xw ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-t¼mÄ “\mw Fhn-sS-\n-¶m-cw-

`n¡pw?”. Ft¶m “ F´mWv sNt¿-−Xv?”. Ft¶m ioÀj-I-ap-ff At\Iw IrXn-IÄ cNn-¡-s¸« Hcp Ncn{X L«-s¯ \mw Is− -̄ p-¶p. Npcp-§n-bXv Hc-©mdv

{KÙ-§Ä Fsâ HmÀ½-bnÂ Ct¸m-hp-−. FÃm-än³scbpw t]À “FhnsS \n¶v

XpS-§Ww?” AsÃ-¦nÂ “F´v sN¿Ww?” F¶p Xs¶. kmaqly ]cn-hÀ¯-\-§-fn-eqsS Nne {]tXyI L«-§-fnÂ {]kn-²o-I-cn-¡-s¸-«-XmWm {KÙ-§-fnÂ an¡-Xpw. AhÀ¡v kam-\-amb Xe hmN-I-ap-ff Hcp IrXnbpw aZy-Im-L-«-§-fnÂ shfn¨w I−n-cp-¶n-Ã. kaqlw Hc-h-Ø-bnÂ \n¶v asäm-c-h-Ø-bn-te¡v kw{I-an-¡p¶ {]{In-b-¡n-S-¡mWv B hI tNmZy-§Ä DbÀ -̄s¸#p-I. AXm-bXv kaq-l-̄ n\pw

43

Ime-L-«-̄ nsâ tNX-\¡pw AXn-sâ-Nn-́ , hnizm-kw, _mly-Po-hnXw F¶n-hsb kzm[o-\-s¸-Sp-¯nb hyh-Øn-Xnbpw kml-N-cyhpw sIm−p-h-tc-− -Xn\v hÃXpw

sN¿-W-sa-¶-B-hiyw A\p-̀ -h-s -̧Sp¶ L«-̄ nÂ. At¸mÄ ‘FhnsS XpS-

lvMa’sa¶ NÀ¨ kmaqly X{´-]-c-am-Wv. {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-]-c-a-Ã. AXn-\mÂ Rm³ Hcp Nn´m kc-Wn-btbm aX-s¯tbm kmaq-ly-im-kv{X-s¯tbm Nn´m-co-Xn-sbtbm kw_-Ôn¨vkwkm-cn-t¡-− -Xn-Ã. Hcp \nkvNnX Ime-L-«-¯nÂ \½psS kaq-l-¯nÂ \mw ]¦p-sh-¡p¶ e£y-§Ä t\Sp-¶-Xn\pw hÀ -̄am-\-Im-e¯v kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw _p±n-]-c-hp-am-bn-B-{I-an-¡-s -̧Sp¶ \½psS aqÃy§Ä ]cn-c-£n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw th−n kmaqly X{ -́̄ nsâ ASn-Øm-\-̄ nÂ \mw FhnsS Bcw-_n-¡aw F¶-Xn-te¡v {i[-²-£-Wn-¡p-I-bm-Wv Fsâ Dt±iyw. A`y-Ø-hn-ZyÀ¡pw s]mXp-P-\-MvlÄ¡p-an-S-bnÂ ho£-W-hn-Xym-khpw Bi-b-hn-\n-ab cmln-Xyhpw \ne-\nÂ¡p¶p. ]c-¼-cm-KX kaql§fnÂ s]mXp-thbpw apkv emw kaql§fnÂ hnti-jn¨pw Zriy-am-Ip-¶- Gähpw henb Zpc-´-an-Xm-Wv. ]mÝmXy hyh-kmb \mSp-I-fnÂ hnZym-`ym-khpw A£-cm-`ym-khpw _lp-P-\-am-[y-a-§fpw h³tXm-XnÂ {]N-cn-¡pI hgn s]mXp-P-\-§fpw _p²n-Po-hn-Ifpw Gsd-¡psd \Ã \ne-bnÂ ]c-kv]cw a\-Ên-em-¡p-Ibpw Xmc-X-tay\ kam-\-amb Imgv¨-]mSv ]¦p-sh-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p-−v. bqtcm-¸nse Hcp kÀÆ-I-em-imem s{]m -̂

kÀ¡v ‘A£-cm-`ym-k-an-Ãm¯’ s]mXp-P-\-§-fp-ambn A\m-bmkw Bi-b-hn-\n-abw \S-¯m³ kmZn¡pw .s{]m^kÀ Xs¶ kzbw Hcp henb hv{Kl-ambn ImWp-I-bn-Ã. P\-l-§fpw At±-ls¯ A{]m-]y-ambn IW-¡m-¡p-I-bn-Ã. _p²n-Po-hn-IÄ¡pw2

s]mXp-P\§Ä¡p-an-S-bnÂ Ct¸mÄ ImWp¶ h³ hnShv BZn-Ime Ckv emanI kaq-l-§fnÂ D−m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. IÀ½-im-kv{X-]-Sp-¡Ä (^p-J-l), ssZh-im-kv{X-Úm-\n-IÄ (ap-X-I-Ãn-ap³), JpÀ-B³ hymJym-Xm-¡Ä(-ap-^-Ên-dp-IÄ), XXz-Nn-´-IÀ, kmln-Xy-Im-c³amÀ F¶n-h-c-S-§nb al-̄ mb ]c-¼-cm-KX apÉnw _p²n-Pohn hn`mKwþD-e-a-þ-aXw hgn s]mXp-P-\-§-tfmSv KmV k¼À¡-ap-f-f-h-cm-bn-cp¶p. kaq-l-hp-ambn thÀs¸-«p-\nÂ¡p-¶-sX¶v tXm¶n-¸n-¡p¶ aX-]m-S-im-e-I-fnÂ A[ym-]-\hpw ]T-\-hp-am-bn-¡-gn-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-¶n«p IqSn AhÀ P\-k-¼À¡w CÃm-Xm-bn-t¸m-hp-¶-Xns\ hnP-b-I-c-ambn Hgn-hm¡n. C¡m-e¯v t]mepw

‘Dea’ bpw P\-Xbpw X½nÂ Dujva-f-amb ]c-kv]-c-_Ôw \ne-\nÂ¡p-¶p-−v. \nim-]-T-\-¢m-kp-I-fnÂt]mepw t]mIm¯ `qcn-]£w hcp¶ \½psS hnZym-`ym-k-an-Ãm¯ P\-§Ä¡v AXyp-¶-X-amb ]mWvZnXyw Ic-Ø-am-¡nb De-a-bpsS kao-]-an-cp¶v X§-fpsS {]iv\-§Ä NÀ¨-sN-¿m³ km[n¡pw. XlvM-fpsS Bh-iy-§fpw ]cm-Zn-Ifpw hyàn-]-ctam IpSpw-_-]-ctam Bb {]iv\-§fpw ]Þn-X-t{i-jvT³am-tcmSv Btem-Nn-¡p-hm\pw Ah-cpsS ASp-¯n-cp¶v aX-]-c-amb \pIp-Xn-IÄ IW-¡m-¡p-hm\pw ]pkvX-I-tPyÕyw 3 t\m¡p-hm\pw \nb-tam-]-tZiw tXSp-hm\pw Bh-ky-amb Bizmkw AhÀ¡-\p-̀ -h-s -̧Sp-¶p. ZuÀ`m-Ky-h-imÂ tKm]yhpw _´-h-Êm-¡n-b-Xp-amb tIm«-IÄ¡-I-¯mWv B[p-\nI kwkv¡m-c-¯n-sâbpw hnZym-`ym-k-hy-h-Ø-bp-sSbpw IognÂ \½psS bphm-

¡Ä hnZy-b-̀ y-kn-¡p¶pw ]cn-io-e\w t\Sp-¶Xpw .Hcn-¡Â kaq-l-̄ n-te¡v

Xncn¨p hcp-t¼mÄ P\-§-fnÂ \n¶v ]cn-]qÀ®-ambpw AI¶ sXmgnÂ taJ-e-bntem kmaq-ly-]-Z-hn-I-fntem BWv AhÀ {]Xn-jvSn-¡-s¸-Sp-I. Cu _p²n-Pohn hn_mKw Pohn-¡p-¶Xpw Nen-¡p-¶Xpw ^e-¯nÂ P\-§-tfm-sSm¸w Xs¶; ]s£

X§-fp-sSXv am{X-amb hr¯-§Ä¡pf-fnse AS¨p ]q«nb “Im©-\-¡q-Sp-I-“fn-em-W-hÀ. XXv̂ -e-am-bn, Hcp hi¯v _p²n-Po-hn- hÀ¤w X§-fpsS kz´w kaq-ls¯ Ipdn¨v bmsXmcp [mc-W-bp-an-ÃmsX Z´-tKm-]p-c-̄ nÂ PohnXw \bn-¡p-¶p. adp-h-

44

i¯v A£-cm-_ym-k-an-Ãm¯ P\X X§Ä(-]-tcm-£-am-sb-¦nepw ) hfÀ¯p-Ibpw t]mjn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ _p²-Po-hn-I-fpsS hnÚm-\-¯nÂ \n¶pw Adn-hnÂ \n¶pw AIän \nÀ¯-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. kaq-ls¯ ]pXp-¡n-¸-Wn-b-W-sa¶pw inYn-e-am-bn-¡n-S-¡p-¶, Nne-t¸m-sgms¡ i{Xp-Xm-]-c-ambn s]cp-am-dp¶, hnhn[ kmaq-ly-L-S-I-§sf Xmssf-Iy-ap-ff Hcp kmI-Ãy-̄ n-te¡v CW-¡n-t¨À¡-W-sa¶pw B{K-ln-¡p-¶-h-cpsS Gähpw henb D¯-c-hm-ZnXzw Cu c−p-{[p-h-§Ä¡n-S-bnse þkn-²m-́ -{[p-hhpw {]tbm-K-{[p-h-hpw-þ-hn-Shv \nI-¯p-Ibpw P\-§fpw _p²n-Po-hn-Ifpw X½n-ep-ff Kwò-c-amb A\yXzw CÃm-Xm-¡p-I-bp-am-Wv. {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-hn-izmkw F´p Xs¶ Bbmepw,h-ÃXpw km[n-¡-W-sa-¶m-{K-ln-¡p¶ GsXmcp _p²n-Po-hn-bp-sSbpw IÀ¯-hy-amWv _p²n-Po-hn-I-fpsS at\m-l-chpw AaqÃy \n[n-I-fp-ffXpw \nKq-V-hp-amb Zzo]ns\ P\-§-fsS Ic-bp-ambn tbmPn-¸n-¡p¶ ]mew \nÀ½n-¡pI F¶-Xv-þ-P-\-§Ä¡pw _p²nPo-

hn-IÄ¡pw-]-c-kv]cw CS-]-g-Im³ kl-b-I-am-hp¶ Ipdp-I-s\-bp-ff ]mew. “\mw

FhnsS XpS§pw” F¶ tNmZy-¯n-\p-ff Fsâ D¯-chpw Fsâ D¯-c-s¯-Sp-ff \n§-fpsS {]Xn-I-c-Whpw F´p-X-s¶-bm-bmepw Cu ASn-kvXm\ hkvXpX AwKo-I-cn-¡msX \nhr-¯n-bnÃ. H¶m-a-Xmbn sNt¿-−Xv taÂ]-d-ª-Yp-t]m-se-bp-ff Hcp ]mew ]Wn-bp-I-bm-Wv.

“\mw FhnsS XpS§pw”F¶ tNmZyw tNmZn-¡p¶ hyànbpw Abm-fpsS t{imXm-

¡fpw “Bcv XpS§pw” “Fń\v?” F¶o c−p tNmZy-§-Ä¡v ap³Iq«n kam-[m\w I−n-cn¡pw F¶ Imcyw B tNmZy-¯nÂ A´Àeo-\-am-Wv. X§-fpsS Ime-s¯bpw kaq-l-s¯bpw ka-_-Ôn¨v D¯-c-hm-Zn¯ t_m[-ap-Å-hcpw AXv kw_-

Ô-ambn Fs´-¦nepw sN¿-W-sa¶m{K-ln-¡p-¶-h-cp-amWv “FhnsS XpS-§pw?” F¶ tNmZyw tNmZn-¡pI F¶pw hyàw. AhÀ {]_p-²-cm-ßm-¡-fm-sW-¶ Imcy-¯nÂ ktμ -l-an-Ã. F´p-sIm-s− -¶mÂ A¯cw hyàn-IÄ¡v am{Xta kmaqly D¯-c-hm-Zn¯w A\p-`-h-s¸-Sp-Ibpw kmaqly ZuXy-s¯-¡p-dn¨v t_m[w D−m-bn-cn-¡p-I-bp-ap-Åq. {]_p-²-\-Ãm¯ hyàn¡v Cu D -̄c-hm-Zn-̄ tam t_m[tam D−m-bn-cn-¡p-I-bn-Ã. _ncpZw k¼m-Zn-̈ -hÀ¡Ã, {]_p-²À¡mWv Rm³ Du¶Â \ÂIp-¶Xv F¶

Imcyw {i²n-¡p-I. “{]_p-²³” F¶-Xn\v “_p²n-Pohn” F¶À¯-an-Ã. _p²n-Po-hn-

sb¶À°apÅ ‘Câve-IvNzÂ’ F¶-]Zw ‘{]_p-²³’ (dq-i³ ^nIvÀ) F¶v t]Àjy³ `mj-bn-te¡v sXämbn ]cn-̀ m-j-s -̧Sp-̄ m-dp-−v. am\-kn-I-ambn (im-co-cnIw F¶-Xnsâ hn]-co-XmÀ°-̄ nÂ) A[zm-\n-¡p¶bmsf-bmWv _p²n-Pohn F¶ ]Zw kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. A§n-s\-bpÅ HcmÄ {]_p-²³ Bhp-Itbm Bhm-Xn-cn-¡p-Itbm sN¿mw. DZm-l-c-W-am-bn, ^mIvS-cn-bnÂ ]Wn-sb-Sp-¡p¶ HcmÄ _p²n-Po-hn-bm-I-W-sa-¶n-Ã. F¦nepw AbmÄ s#mcp {]_p-²-\m-Imw. Ch c−n-\p-an-S-bnse _Ôw ]c-kv]cw _Ô-s¸« c−m-i-b-§Ä¡n-S-bn-ep-Å-X-Ã. FÃm _p²n-Po-hn-Ifpw {]_p-²-cm-hp-¶n-Ã. ]s£ Nne-cm-hp-¶p. adn-¨pw. hfsc Ipd-¨p-t]À c−p-am-Wv. k¯mÀJm³ {]_p-²-\m-bn-cp-¶p, _p²n-Po-hn-bm-b-cp-¶n-Ã. AÃmam apl-½Zv Jkzn\n _p²n-Po-hn-bm-bn-cp-¶p, {]_p-²-\m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. sZlvJpZm c−p-am-bn-cp-¶p.

]ecpw c−p-a-Ã. Ah-cmWv “Ah-cmWv _lp-am-\ycpw al-¯p-¡fp”sa¶v hnfn-¡p¶ am\y³amÀ! BcmWv {]_p-²³? Xm³ Pohn-¡p¶ Imew Ncn{X kmaqly hn\ymkw F¶n-h-

bnÂ Xsâ ‘a\p-jym-hØ’sb¡p-dv¨vt_m-[-ap-Å, Bt_m-[-¯nsâ ê-ambn A\n-

45

{hy-ambpw kmaqly D¯-c-hm-Zn¯w D−m-hp¶ hyàn-bmWv Npcp-¡p-¸-d-ªmÂ {]_p-²³. AbmÂ hnZym-k-¼-¶-\m-sW-¦nÂ IqSp-XÂ Imcy-£-a-X-bp-−m-hpw. AsÃ-¦nÂ AXnÂ Ipd-hpw. F\v#mÂ #nsXmcp s]mXp \nb-a-a-Ã. ImcWw hnZym-̀ m-b-k-an-Ãm¯ BÂ Nne-t¸mÄ Itd-IqSn {][m-\-s¸« ]¦v hln-s -̈¶n-cn-¡pw. km{amm-PyXz _m[-tbä Ah-Ø-bnÂ \n¶v t\sc ]ptcm-K-a-\m-ß-Ihpw t_m[hpw DuÀP-kz-e-hp-amb Ah-Ø-bn-te¡v IpXn-¨p-Nm-Snb kaq-l-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v ]Tn-¡p-t¼mÂ Ah-cpsS t\Xm-¡fpw, hn¹-h-\m-b-Icpw imkv{X-km-aq-ly {]Øm\ kmc-Yn-Ifpw ]e-t¸mgpw _p²n-Po-hn-I-fm-bn-cp-¶n-Ã F¶v ImWm-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. hfsc Ipd¨v A]-hm-Z-§-fpÅ Cu XXzw B{^n-¡-bn-sebpw emän³ Ata-cn-¡-bn-sebpw Gjy-bn-sebpw kmaqly {]Øm-\-§Ä £n{]w sXfn-bn-¨n-«p-−v. A]qÀÆ-amtb hn¹-h-\m-bIÀ A`ykvXhnZy-cpsS hÀK-¯nÂ \n¶v h¶n-«p-Åq-sh¶v Dd-¸n¨v Xocp-am-\n-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. a\p-jy³ Xsâ kmaqly ]cn-Wm-a¯nsâ Ne-\-aä Hcä¯v F¯ns¸SpIbpw Ahn-I-knX cmPy-§Ä AkwJyw _p²n-ap-«n-I-tfmSpw t]mcm-bva-I-tfmSpw aÃ-Sn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ kμÀ`-̄ nÂ P\-§-fnÂ D -̄c-hm-Zn-̄ hpw t_m[hpw A¦p-cn-̧ n-¡m\pw AhÀ¡v _p²n-]-chpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb amÀ¤-ZÀi-\w \ÂIm\pw Ign-bp¶ hyàn-sb-bmWv B[p-\nI Ime¯v {]_pZv[³ F¶p ]d-bp-I. Keo-en-tbm-bp-tStbm tIm¸À\n-¡-kn-tâtbm tkm{I-«o-kn-tâtbm Acnk-vtäm«nentâtbm C_v\p-ko-\-bp-sStbm ]Wn-IÄ A´-c-sa-Sp-¡p-Ibpw ]n´p-S-cp-Ibpw sN¿p¶ Bfm-hWw {]_p-²³ F¶v \nÀ_-Ô-an-Ã. sF³Ìo-s\bpw thm³ {_us\bpw t]mepÅ B[p-\nI imkv{X-ÚÀ Ah-cpsS t\«-§Ä \ne-\nÀ¯p-Ibpw ]cn-t]m-jn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p-−v. C¡m-es¯ {]_p-²-cpsS ]¦pw D -̄c-hm-Zn-̄ hpw {]hm-N-I-·m-cp-tS-Xn\pw aXm-Nm-cy-·m-cp-tS-Xn\pw, XXz-̄ nÂ, kZriam-Wv. Ign-ª-Im-e¯v ASn-Øm-\--]-c-amb LS-\m-am-ä-§-fp-−m-¡nb kmc-Yn-I-fm-W-hÀ. {]hm-N-I-·mÀ XXz-Nn-´-I-cp-tStbm imkv{X-Ú-cp-tStbm kmt¦-XnI hnZ-KvZ-cp-tStbm Iem-Im-c-·m-cp-tStbm KW-¯n-e-Ã. kmam-\yP\X-bnÂ \n¶mWv an¡ {]hm-N-I³amcpw DbÀ¶v h¶-Xv. AhÀ \ho\ e£y-§Â ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯n. ]p¯³ ZÀi\w Ah-X-cn-¸n-¨p. ]pXnb {]Øm-\-§Ä Bcw-`n-¨p. X§-fpsS Ime-§-fn-sebpw{]tZ-i-§-fn-sebpw P\-§-fpsS t_m[-a-WvU-e-¯nÂ \h-DuÀPw krjvSn-̈ p. CXn-s\Ãmw th−n _lp-P-\-§-fp-ambn Bi-b-hn-\n-abw \S-¯m³ AhÀ¡v Ign-ªn-cp-¶p. {]hm-N-I³amÀ \bn¨ al-Zzn-¹hw aqse ac-hn-¨Xpw kvXw`n-¨p-In-S-¡p-¶-Xp-amb kaq-l-§-fpsS Zni, PohnX ssien,-ho-£-Ww, kwkvIm-cw,-`m-K-tZbw F¶nh amän-a-dn-¡-s¸«p. C¡m-c-W-̄ mÂ,Cu-{]-hm-N-I³amÀ Ignª Imes¯ imkv{X-Ú-cp-sStbm XXz-Xn-´-I-cp-sStbm Iq«-¯nÂ s]Sp-¶n-Ã. t_m[w \in¨ km[m-cW P\-¯nsâ KW-¯n-ep-aÃ AhÀ. Ahcv Ah-cp-tSXv am{X-amb Hcp hn`m-K-¯n-em-Wv. s]mXpsh ]gb ]mc-¼-cy-§-fp-sSbpw kma-ply aXr-I-I-fp-sSbpw LS-\-Ifp-sSbpw CÂ]-¶-§epw XS-hp-Im-cp-ambv km[m-c-W-cpsS Iq«-¯nepw Ah-cpÄs¸-Sp-¶n-Ã. AaqÀ¯ Bi-b-§-fpsS XS-hp-Imcw X§-fpsS imkvX-co-btam A´-cn-Itam Bb {]b-th-£-W-§-fnepw ks− -¯-ep-I-fnepw aXn-a-d-¡p-¶-h-cp-amb imkvX-c-ÚÀ, ZmÀi-\n-IÀ, Iem-I-c³amÀ,-an-Ìn-¡p-IÄ k\ym-kn-amÀ, ]ptcm-ln-Xv³amÀ s#¶n-h-cpsS kaq-l-¯nepw Ah-cn-Ã. {]hm-X-I³am-sc-t¸mse {]_p-²m-ßm-¡fpw kmivX-cÚ kaq-l-̄ nse t_m[-a-äXpw \njvtN-jvS-hp-amb s]mXp-P-\-§-fpsS emh-W-¯ntem AÃ. #vhÀ t_m[-ap-evf-hcpw D¯-c-hm-Zn¯apÅ-h-cp-amWv al¯pw ssZh-

kn-²n-hp-amb “ Bß-t_m[w” t]mXp-P-\-§Â¡v ]IÀ¶vsIm-Sp-¡p-I-bmWv Ah-cpsS Gä-hcpw {][m-\-s¸« e£yhpw D -̄c-hm-Zn-̄ -hpw. \nÝ-ehpw aen-\-hp-amb P\-X-bnÂ\n¶v alm P\n-̧ n-¡p-¶Xpw h³ IpXv¨p-Nm-«-§Â \S-¯p¶ #qÀP-kz-e-X-

bpÅ {Inbm-ß-I-i-àn-bmbn Ahsc ]cn-hÀ¯n-¸n-¡p-¶Xpw “kzt_m[w” am{X-am-

46

Wv. A§-s\-bXv \mK-cn-I-X-bp-sSbpw kwkvIm-c-¯n-sâbpw alm-km-c-Yn-I-fp-sSbpw BhnÀ -̀h-̄ n-\pÅ {]K-Xn-Øm-\-am-bn-̄ oÀ¶p. {]_p-²m-ßm-¡-fmWv XpS¡w Ipdn-t¡-− -sX¶v CXnÂ \n¶v kv]jvSamhp¶p.

“F´p-t±-i-¯n\v” F¶-tNm-Zy-̄ n-te¡ C\n \mw Xncn-bp-I. ChnsS Rm³ AXnsâ Hcp hpi-Zo-I-c-W-¯n-te¡v am{X-ta-I-t®m-Sn-¡p-¶p-Åp. Cu hnj-b-hp-ambn \Ã ]cn-N-b-apÅ t{imXm-¡Ä¡v AtX-¡p-dn¨v kzbw Btem-Nn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. {]_p-²m-ßmhv {]hm-N-I-\-sÃ-¦nepw Xsâ kaq-l-¯n\v th−n {]hm-N-Isâ `mKw \nd-th-ä-Ww. t_m[-¯n-te¡pw kzmX-{ý-¯n-te¡pw tamN-\-¯n-te-¡p-apÅ £Ww P\-§-fpsS IÀW-§-fnÂ AbmÄ {]t_m-[\w sN¿Ww. Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-§-fnÂ ]pXnb hnizm-k-¯nsâ Aán AbmÄ DuXn-¡-̄ n-¡Ww \nÝ-e-amb kaq-l-¯nÂ #vbmÄ kmaq-lnI amÀKZÀi-\-a-cp-fWw. CXv im{X-Im-c³am-cpsS tPmen-b-Ã. ImcWw AhÀ¡v hyàmb asäm-cp-¯-c-hm-Zn-¯-ap-−v. \ne-hn-ep-Å-Xns\ a\-Ên-em-¡p-I, P\-§-fpsS ùXnI PohnX ]ptcm-K-Xn-¡mbn a\p-jy-sâbpw {]Ir-Xn-bp-sSbpw iàn-bp-d-h-Isf Is− -̄ p-Ibpw {]tSm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw sN¿p-I F¶h-bm-WXv. a\p-jy-hw-i-¯n\pw X§-fpsS \mSp-IÄ¡pw imkv{X-k-lmbw \ÂIp-I-bmWv imkv{X-Úcpw kmt¦-XnI hnZ-KvZcpw Iem-Im-c-

·m-cpw sN¿p-¶-Xv. ]ptcm-KXn ssIh-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw ‘X§-fpsS ØnXn’ sa¨-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn\pw Ahsc klm-bn-¡m³ th−n-bm-Ip¶p CXv. adp-h-i¯v {]_p-²m-ßm-

¡Ä X§-fpsS kaq-ls¯ F§-s\, GXv Zni-bnÂ ‘amdWw’ F¶v ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶p.

“Bbn-¯o-c-en”sâ Hcp ZuXyw AhÀ hfÀ¯n-sb-Sp-¡p-¶p. “v\mw F´mbn¯o-

cWw” F¶ tNmZy-̄ n\v D¯cw \ÂIn-s¡m−v Hcp amÀ¤w kÖ-am-¡p-I-bm-W-hÀ. imkv{X-Ú³ k¼-¶hpw iàhpw ]c-am-h[n hn{i-a-thf e`n-¡p-¶-Xp-amb Pohn-X-¯n-\m-h-iy-amb kml-N-cy-§-sfm-cp-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. Ihn-ªmÂ Abm-fpsS

tPmen “hkvXp-X-IÄ” Is− -̄ p-I-bmWv. AtX kabw {]_p-²m-ßmhv “kXyw” Xncn-̈ -dn-bp-¶p. sXtäm icntbm Bb Dt±-i-§Ä¡v D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯m-hp¶

shfn¨w imkv{X-Ú³ DÂ]m-Zn-¸n-¡p-¶p. ‘tKm{X-amÀK ZÀin’ (dm-Cu-Zv)7 sbt¸mse, a\p-jy-I-̄ nsâ kmÀ°-hm-l-I-kw-L-¯n\v ]mX-sbm-cp-¡p¶ ap¶-Wn-¸-S-sb-t¸mse, {]_p-²-hyàn \ap¡p hyà-amb hgn ImWn¨p Xcp-¶p. Hcp bm{Xbv¡v Bcw`w Ipdn-¡m³ AbmÄ \½sf £Wn-¡p-¶p. \½psS Ańa e£y-Øm-\-t¯¡v \s½ \bn-¡p-¶p. imkv{Xw iàhpw {]_p-²X {]Im-i-hp-am-W. imkv{X-Ú³ Ft¸m-gpw-aÀ±-\-¯n-sâbpw AÚ-X-bp-sSbpw XmÂ]-cy-§sf tkhn-¡p-¶p. F¶mÂ {]_p² hyàn A\n-hm-cy-ambpw GIm-[n-]-Xy-s¯bpw AÔ-Im-c-s¯bpw FXnÀ¡p-¶p. CkvemanI kwkvIm-c-̄ nsâ ]Ým-̄ -e-̄ nÂ Nnń-¨mÂ {]_p-²-Xbv¡v \mw IÂ]n¨ AÀ°w Xs¶-bmWv ImWm³ Ign-bp-I.

JpÀ-B-\nse ‘lnI-aXv’8 (Úm-\w) F¶ ]Zw B AÀ°-amWv tZymXn-̧ n-¡p-¶-Xv. hnÚm-\s¯(CÂav) Ipdn¨v NÀ¨ sN¿p-t¼mÄ t]mepw AXv kmt¦-Xn-Itam imkv{Xo-btam XXz-Nn-´m-]-c-tam Bb ]T-\-§sf Ipdn-¡p-¶n-Ã. aX-]-c-amb Adn-hp-aÃ (a-X-hn-ZymÀ°n-IÄ ]Tn-¡p¶ IÀ½-im-kv{Xw, \_n-N-cy, {]hm-NI Pohn-Xw, JpÀ-B³ hymJym\w, kZm-Nmc XXz-§Ä, ssZh-imkv{Xw apX-em-b-h) AÀ°-am-¡p-¶-Xv. AXv euInI hnÚm-\-hp-aÃ (km-aq-ly, imkv{X-þ-{]-IrXn imkv{X hnZymÀ°n-I-fpsS ]T\ hnj-b-§fmb DuÀÖ-X{´w, sshZyw, kmaq-ly-im-kv{Xw, kmln-Xyw, a\-im-kv{Xw, Ncn{Xw XpS-§n-b-h). Hcp {]tXy-I hnZym-`ymk hyh-Ø-bnÂ khn-tij ]mTy-]-²-Xn-I-fpsS ASn-Øm-\-̄ nÂ ]Tn-̧ n-¡-s -̧Sp¶ {]tXyI hnh-c-§-fp-sSbpw kmwkvIm-cnI hnÚm-\-¯n-sâbpw kam-lm-c-§-fm-W-h. aX-]-

47

chpw atX-X-c-hp-amb Adnhv {]_p-²m-]-t_m-[-¯n\v klm-b-I-ambn hÀ¯n-¡-Ww. {]_p-²-hy-àn-I-fpsS ssIbnÂ AXv hne-a-Xn-¡m-\m-hm¯ D]-I-c-W-§-fm-bn-¯o-cp-

Ibpw sN¿mw. F¶mÂ Ah kz´w \ne-bnÂ \mw B{K-ln-¡p¶ ‘{]Im-itam’ t_m[tam AÃ. Ckvemw Du¶Â \ÂInb Bbn\w hnÚm\w a\p-jy-\v a\p-jy\v am{X-apÅ Hcp t_m[-am-Ip-¶p. Hcp Znhy {]Imiw; kmaq-ly-t_m-[-¯nsâ Dd-hn-S-amb tNX-\. {]kn-²-amb Hcp lZokv AXn-s\-¡p-dn¨v C§s\ ]d-bp-¶p:

“Xm³ CjvS-s¸-Sp-¶-h-cpsS lrZ-b-¯nÂ ssZhw sImfp-̄ p¶ shfn-̈ -am-Ip¶p

Adn-hv.” hnfn-¨p-WÀ¯p-Ibpw Zo]m-ew-Ir-X-am-¡p-Ibpw hgn-Im-«p-Ibpw D¯-c-hm-Zn-

-̄t_m[w P\n-̧ n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ Cu Adn-hn-s\-bmWv \mw ‘Znhy-{]-Imiw’ F¶v hnfn-¡p-¶-Xv. AÃmsX DuÀÖ X{´-¯n-tâtbm ck-X-{´-¯n-tâtbm kmln-Xy-̄ n-tâtbm \nb-a-im-kv{X-̄ n-tâtbm A[ym-]-\-§-sf-b-Ã. BZyw ]dª hn[-apÅ Adnhv hnZym-`ym-k-an-Ãm¯ A_q-Z-dvdn\v D−m-bn-cp-¶Xv t]mse-bpÅ hnizm-khpw D¯-c-hm-Zn-¯hpw D−m-¡p-¶p. C_v\p-ko-\bvt¡m apÃm-k-Zn-dt¡m AXv D−m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. AXp-sIm−mWv Nne k,-μÀ`-§-fnÂ A`y-Ø-hn-Zy-\-Ãm¯ HcmÄ DbÀ¶p-h-cn-Ibpw \ni-N-e-a-Ãm¯ kaq-l-¯n\p Poh³ ]IÀ¶p AXns\ Hcp e£y-¯n-te¡v \bn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶-Xv. AtX-k-abw F{Xtbm imkv{X-ÚÀ X§-fpsS kaq-l-¯nsâ t_m[-]-Y-̄ n\v amä-§-fpsS kzt_m-[hpw krjvSn-¡p-¶-Xnt\m AhÀ¡p-th−n Hcp s]mXpe£yw cq]-hÂ¡-cn-¡p-¶-Xnt\m, Ah-cnÂ ]pXn-sbmcp hnizm-khpw knt\-lhpw Icp-¸n-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xnt\m Hä NphSv t]mepw sh¨n-«p-−m-hn-Ã. t\sc adn¨v imkv{X-ÚÀ X§-fpsS tZio-l-k-aq-l-§-fp-tS-sb¶ t]mse a\p-jy-I-̄ n-sâbpw ]ptcm-K-Xnsb XS-Ê-s¸-Sp¯pw hn[w {]hÀ¯n-¡mw.9 AXp-sIm−v {]_p-²m-ßm-¡-fpsS Npa-X-e- X§-fpsS ka-Im-en-I-cmb kl-a-\p-jyÀ¡v Ne-\m-ß-I-amb Hcp s]mXp-hn-izmkw {]Zm\w sN¿p-Ibpw kzt_m[w t\Sp-¶Xn\pw e£y-§Ä cq]o-I-cn-¡p-¶n\pw Ahsc klm-bn-¡pIbp-am-Wv. F§s\? C\n \mw F§ns\ F¶ tNZy-̄ n-te¡v {]th-in-¡p-¶p. H¶m-a-Xmbn {][m-\-s¸«

Hcp hni-Zo-I-cWw \ÂIp-I-bm-Wv. “{]_p-²X” F¶-Xn\v IrXy-amb Hcp \nÀÆ-N-\-an-Ãm-¯-Xpw- -Xp-f-gm-¡p¶ D¯-c-hm-Zn-¯-§-fpsS Ahy-à-amb tlXp-hmbn am\-h-cm-in¡v s]mXp-shbpw ]uc-kvXyÀ¡v hnti-jn¨pw I\¯ hne \ÂtI−n hcp-¶p. kÀÆm-Xn-im-bn-bmb Hcp a\p-jy³ CÃ-¦nÂ s]mXp-aq-ey-§-fpw kz`m-h-hn-ti-j§fpapÅ {]_p-²-X-bpsS {]m]-©n-I-amb HcmZn amXr-I-D-−m-hpI km[y-a-Ã. s]mXp-k-hn-tj-i-X-Ifpw \nÀ®nX aqey-§-fp-apÅ kÀÆm-Xn-im-bn-bmb imkv{X-Ú-sc-¡p-dn¨v ]d-bm³ km[n-¡pw. F¶mÂs]mXp e£-W-apÅ {]_p-²-hy-àn-IÄ D−m-hp-I-bn-Ã. kÀh-I-em-ime hnZym-̀ ym-k-s¯-̄ p-SÀ¶v A`ykvX hnZy-\mb Hcp-hyàn Ah³ ]Tn-̈ Xv F©n-\m-b-dnwtKm sshZytam tPymXn-im-kv{Xtam Bh-s«-þ-im-kv{X-Ú-\m-bn-¯o-cp-¶p. Ah³ B{^n-¡³ tKm{X-hÀ¤-¡m-ct\m CkvemanI teI¯v \n¶pÅ Btfm _p²-\n-hm-kntbm shfp-¯-ht\m aª \nd-¡m-ct\m Nph¶v \nhm-kntbm apX-em-fn¯ kaq-l-̄ nÂ s]«-ht\m tkmjy-enÌv P\-X-bnÂ s]«-ht\m hym]m-cntbm _qÀjztbm Bcm-bn-cp-¶mepw icn. Npcp-¡-¯nÂ Ah³ GXv ]Ým-¯-e-¯nÂ \n¶v hcp¶ Bfm-bmepw {]iv\-an-Ã. a\p-jy-s\bpw {]Ir-Xn-sbbpw `cn-¡p¶ s]mXp \nb-a-§sf ASn-Øm-\-am¡nbpÅ-XmWv imkv{Xw F¶-XmWv AXnsâ Imc-Ww. Ch A`y-kn-¡p¶ BÀ¡pw GXv N«-¡q-Snepw kml-N-cy-̄ nepw AXv D]-Im-c-s -̧Spw. Ime, tZi cmjv{Sobm[n]-Xyt`Z§Ä¡-Xo-X-amb {]tbm-Kn-¡m-hp¶ Hcp Iq«w \nÝnX XXz-§-fmWv imkv{X-Úsâ ]T\ hnjbw F¶v Npcp-¡w.. {]_p-²-hy-àn-I-fpsS Imcy-̄ nÂ C§s\ kw -̀hn-¡pI km[y-a-Ã.

48

bqtdm-¸nÂ t]mhp-Ibpw Hcp {]tXyI Nn´m-[mc ]Tn-¡p-Ibpw Hcp Unt¹ma ]Tn-

¡p-Ibpw sNbvX BsfbÃ {]_p² hyàn F¶p ]d-bp-I. “{]_p-²X t\Sn-b-

h³”, “imkv{X-Ú³”, “_p²n-Pohn” F¶nh ]cm-b-]-Z-§-fm-sW¶ \½psS k¦Â]w BdmWv {]_p-²³ F¶v \s½ A{]m-]vX-cm-¡p-amdv, \s½ Bi-b-¡p-g-̧ -¯nÂ NmSn-¨n-«p-−v. X§Ä GXv Iq«-¯n-em-WpÄs¸SpI-sb¶v {]_p-²-hy-àn-IÄ¡dpbp-an-Ã. {]Xm-]-apÅ Hcp kÀh-I-em-im-e-bnÂ \n¶v ]Tn-¡m³ Ign-bp-¶-XÃ {]_p² KpW-§Ä. {]_p-²³ A`ykvXhnZy³ IqSn-bm-sW¶p hcn-InÂ kÀh-I-em-imem hnZym-`ym-k-¯nsâ ^e-ambn kn²n-¨-Xm-hnÃ Abm-fpsS {]_p-²-X. {]Xyp-X, kÀh-I-em-imem ]T-\-¯n\p ap¼pXs¶ {]_p-²-Y-t\-Sn-b-h-\m-bn-cn¡pw AbmÄ. HcmÄ hntZ-i¯v t]mhp-Ibpw hnhn[ kmaqly cmjv{Sobþ{]-Xy-b-imkv{X Nn´m-[m-c-IÄ ]Tn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXmÂ AbmÄ {]_p-²-\mbn F¶-XmWv asämcp sXän-²m-c-W. F¶mÂ A§-s\-b-Ã. AbmÄ amÀIvkv, kmÀ{X, dqtÊm, skâv sska¬ apX-em-b-hsc ]Tn-̧ n-̈ n-«p-s−¶v AwKo-I-cn-¡p-I. (]-Xn-s\-«v-þ-C-cp-]Xv iX-I-§-fnÂ bqtdm-¸nse {]_p-²-hy-àn-I-fpsS {]tNm-Z\ tI{μ -§fm-bn-cp-¶, bqtdm kaq-l-§-fnÂ cN-\m-ß-Ihpw hn¹-hm-ß-I-hp-amb ]¦v h-ln¨ {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-§-ep-sSbpw kmaqlykn²m-´-§-fp-sSbpw D]-Úm-Xm-¡-fm-bn-cp¶p ChÀ). Cu ]T\w Abmsf Hcp kvs]j-enÌv B¡pI am{Xta sN¿p¶pÅq. sshZy-im-kv{X-̄ nepw {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-̄ n-epw ]T\w \S-̄ n-b-h-sc-t¸m-se-¯s¶. kÀh-I-em-im-e-I-fnÂ Cu Nn´m-]²Xn-Ifpw {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-§-fpw ]Tn-¸n-¡m³ Ign-bp¶ Hcp-km-aqly imkv{X-Ú-\m-W-bmÄ. Cu BZÀi ]²-Xn-IÄ ]Tn-¨n-«p-−v F¶-Xp-sIm−p am{Xw Xsâ kaq-l-¯nÂ Hcp {]_p-²-hy-àn-bm-bn-cn-¡pI F¶ D¯-c-hm-Zn-¯w G-sä-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn\v AbmÂ Ign-hp-t\-Sp-¶n-Ã. kÀh-I-em-imem ]T\w Xm³ sNÃp-t¶-S-s¯Ãmw B hnjbw ]Tn-¸n-¡m³ tbmKy-\mb Hcp kmaq-ly-im-kv{X-Ú-\m-¡p-I-bm-W-bm-sf. ]s£ Xsâ kaq-l-̄ nsâ DÄ t\mhp-IÄ a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Ign-bp¶ hn[-̄ n-te¡v Absf AXp-bÀ¯p-¶n-Ã. P\-§-fnÂ kzt_m[w hfÀ¯m\pw AbmÄ Ign-hmÀÖn-¡p-¶n-Ã. s]mXp e£y-§fpw amXrI-Ifpw cq]o-I-cn-¡p-¶-XnÂ P\-§sf klm-bn-¡m\pw AbmÄ¡v Ign-bp-I-bn-Ã.

Npcp-¡n-¸-d-ªmÂ “{]_p-²-\m-bn-“cn-¡pI F¶-Xn\p kÀÆm-Xn-im-bn-bmb Hcp aqe-am-Xr-I-bn-Ã. ]e-Xcw {]_p-²-cp-−v. Idp¯ B{^n-¡-bnÂ {]_p-²m-ßm-hm-Ip¶ BÄ CkvemanI kaq-l¯nÂ A§n-s\-bm-h-W-sa-¶n-Ã. {^m³kntem bp²-]qÀÆ hyh-km-bnI bqtdm-¸ntem {]_p-²-\mbn ]cn-K-Wn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ BÄ Xsâ kaq-l¯nÂ ]cn-hÀ¯-\-§-fp-−m-¡nb kXy-k-Ô-\mb bYmÀ° {]_p-²³ Xs¶. F¶mÂ C´y-bnÂ AbmÄ {]_p-²-\m-bn-cn-¡p-I-bn-Ã. AhnsS Hcp {]_p-²sâ ]¦v hln-¡m³ AbmÄ¡v Ign-ªp-sIm-Å-W-sa-¶n-Ã.. gmMv t]mÄ kmÀ{Xv DZm-l-cWw. At±-l-¯nsâ XXz-Nn-´-sbbpw hyàn-Xz-s¯bpw Rm³ At§-bäw _lp-am-\n-¡p-¶p. Fsâ {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-§sf B[m-c-am¡n Rm\-hsb Bt£-]n-¡p-Ibn-Ã. ]ptcm-K-an¨ apX-em-fn¯ hyh-Ø-bpw {]tXyI kmaq-lnI X«p-Xn-cn-hp-I-fp-apÅ, iXm-_vZ-§-embn a[y-Ime aX-N-cn-{X-¯nÂ\n¶v hgn amdn \S-¡p-¶, hyh-km-bnI bqtdm-¸nÂ kmÀ{X Hcp {]_p-²m-ßm-hm-Wv. Al-a-ln-a-Ibm km{Xnsâ ZÀi\w AwKo-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw AkvXn-Xz-hmZw F¶ At±-l-¯nsâ {]]-©-ho-£Whpw kmaqly km¼-̄ nI A]-{K-Y\ k{¼-Zm-b-§fpw A\p-[m-h\w sN¿p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶-þ-Np-cp-¡-¯nÂ kmÀ{Xnsâ ImÀ_¬ ]Xn-¸mb HcmÄ asämcp cmPy¯v sN¶mÂ Ahn-sSbpw {]_p-²-hy-àn-bmbn IW-¡m-¡-s -̧Sptam? {^m³knepw PÀ½-\n-bnepw Cw¥-−nepw Ata-cn-¡-bnepw AbmÄ {]_p-²-\m-bn-cn-¡pw. F´p-sIm-s− -¶mÂ Ahn-S-§-fnse {]iv\-§-fpw ImgvN-¸m-Sp-Ifpw BZÀi-

49

§fpw P\-§fpw cjv{So-b-hy-h-Øbpw Ncn{X kml-N-cy-§fpw kZr-i-§-fm-Wv. Cu ]Sn-ªm-d³ kaq-l-§Ä¡v s]mXpsh Bh-iy-amWv kmÀ{Xnsâ hn¹-hw.10 a\p-jy³ D]-t`m-K-kw-kvIm-c¯nsâ Cc-bm-bn-¯o-cp-Ibpw km[-\-§-fpsS DÂ¸m-Z\w FÃm am\p-jnI aqey-§-sfbpw km[y-X-I-sfbpw \nb-{ń-¡p-I-bpw, Aan-tXm-]-t`m-Kw, ssewKn-I-kzm-X{ýw F¶ne \ne-\nÂ¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ Øme-§-fnÂ kmÀ{Xpw At±-l-¯nsâ ZÀi-\-§Ä ]n´p-S-cp-¶-hcpw {]_p-²-cm-hp-¶p. D]-t`m-Km-k-àn-bnÂ \n¶v tamNn-¸n-¡p¶ c£-I-s\-bmWv Cu kaq-l-§-fÂ¡m-h-iyw. C§-s\-bpÅ Hcp {]_p² c£-I-\mWv kmÀ{Xv. P\-§Ä Zmcv{Zhpw hni¸pw AÚ-Xbpw aäv CÃm-bva-Ifpw XpS¨p \o¡m-\pÅ t]mcm-«-§-fn-teÀs¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶, hyh-km-bnI hfÀ¨ t\Sn-bn-«n-Ãm¯ Gjy-\m-{^n-¡³-þ-emä#n\-ta-cn-¡³ \mSp-I-fnÂ kmÀ{Xn-s\-t¸m-epÅ Hcp c£-I-\p-−m-hp-¶Xv Zpc-́ -am-bn-cn¡pw kmÀt{Xm-f-PntÌm kmÀ{Xn-b³ ZÀi\w ]n´p-S-cp¶ Btfm Cu kaq-l-̄ nÂ {]_p-²-\m-bn-cn-¡p-I-bn-Ã. Abm-epsS kZp-t±-i-t¯m-sS-bpÅ XymKw D]-{Z-h-ambn `hn-¡pw. ZmÀi-\n-I-kvXwàmhØ t\cn-Sp-¶Xv a[y-Im-em-\-ć ka-Im-eo\ hyh-km-bnI kaq-l-§Â am{X-am-Wv. AhÀ Ah-Ø¡v Fs -́¦nepw Xc-̄ n-epÅ s#mcp hni-Zo-I-csW At\y-jn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. AhÀ¡v #mßo-bX Bh-iy-ap−v; AsÃ-¦nÂ aXm-ß-I-amb Hcp \nKq-V-hm-Zw. X§-fpsS k¦p-Nn-Xhpw ]c-an-X-hp-amb ]ZmÀY-hmZ temI-ho-£-Ws¯ adn-I-S-¡p-¶-Xn\v th−n-bm-Wn-Xv. Cu kμÀ`w DÄsIm−v Xsâ P\-Xbv¡v [À#m-[n-jvTn-Xhpw Ah-ew-_-\o-bhpw D]-t`mK kwkvImc hncp-²-hp-amb PohnX coXn hfÀ¯m³ A\p-tbm-Py-amb amÀK kqN-\I\fpw e£y-§fpw ap{Zm-hm-Iy-§fpw {]Zm\w sNt¿-W-S-Xnsâ ASn-b-́ n-cm-hiyw DÂs¡m-Åp¶ hyàn-bmWv ]Sn-ªmdv {]_p-²-\m-hp-I. A¯-c-samcp hyàn Bßo-bbpw Úmt\m-Z-b-ZÀi-\hpw kzoI-cn-¡-Ww. am{X-aÃ bm{ń-I-I-X-sbbpw ImÀ«n-jy³ bnàn-hm-Z-s¯bpw FXnÀ¡p-Ibpw thWw. Cý-bnÂ kmÀ{Xnsâ Hcp-]n³Km-ansb k¦Â]n¨p t\m¡p-I. Abm-fpsS hm¡p-Ifpw {]hr-̄ n-Ifpw Cý-bnse ]«n-Wn-̧ m-h-§-fmb P\-§-tfmSv D]-t`mKw Ah-km-\n-¸n-¡m³ Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-Ibpw ùXnI hkvXp-¡Ä ssIsh-Snªp Bć tNX-\-Ifnepw Bh-iy-§-fnepw {i²-bq-¶m³ Ahsc £Wn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶p. hdp-Xnbpw ]«n-Wnbpw \nans¯w acn-¨p-sIm-−n-cn-¡p¶ B P\-Xsb ùXn-I-tem-I¯v \n¶v ]n³hm-§m³ Blzm\w sN¿p¶ ImgvN-̧ mSpw aX-hp-amWv AhÀ sh¨p ]peÀ¯p-¶-Xv. B P\-Xsb kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯mew kmÀ{Xn-b³ {]h-N\-§Ä Hcp Zpc-´-lm-ky-am-bn-cn-¡pw. \½psS Npäp-]m-Sp-I-fnÂ Xs¶ CXn\p kam-\-amb kw`-h-§Ä ImWmw. sSlvdm-\nÂ \Ã Bib kwth-Z-I-\m-hp¶ aX {]`m-j-I³ aäp {]tZ-i-§-fnÂ A§n-s\-bm-h-W-sa-¶n-Ã. sSlvdm-\nse {]ivkvX-\mb Hcp aX-{]-`m-j-Is\ aÕ-cn-¸n-¡p¶ Hcm-fpsS {]kwKw Hcp sIm¨p ]«-W-¯nÂ\n¶ Ipd¨p

ap¼p tIÄ¡m-\n-S-bm-bn. AbmÄ BhÀ¯n¨p: “aln-f-I-sf, am\y-·m-sc, henb ImUn-em-¡p-I-fnÂ khmcn sNbvXv Cu sXcp-h-Ifn-eqsS HmSn¨p t]mIp¶ \n§Ä¡-dn-bmtam \Ã Hcp tPmUn jq t]mep-an-Ãm¯ Bfp-IÄ Cu \m«n-eps−¶v? \n§sf klm-bn-¡p-¶n-sÃ-¦nÂ Ahsc _p²n-ap-«n-¡m-Xn-cn-¡m-s\-¦nepw {i²n-¡p-I. h³ kZy.-I-fnÂ ]s¦-Sp-¡p-Ibpw hnkvIn-bnÂ thhn¨ Xmdm-hn-d¨n Xn¶p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ \n§Ä NqSpÅ A¯mgw Ign-¡p-¶-Xn-s\-¡p-dn¨v IYm-]p-

kvX-I-§-enÂ am{Xw hmbn-¨-dn-ª-h-cp-s−¶v HmÀan-¡pI”. a\-ÊnÂ X«p-¶-h-bmWv Cu hm¡p-IÄ. ]s£ sSlvdm-\nÂ am{Xta AXn\v AÀ°-ap-Åq. sIm¨p ]«-W-§-fnÂ CÃ. B ]«-W-§-fnÂ Cu {]kwKw \S-̄ nb a\p-jy³ XâF {]kw-K-]o-Vs¯ Hcp Zpc-´-lm-ky-am-¡n-¡-e-ªp.

50

aX-{]-`m-j-I³ {]_p-²-hy-àn-bm-Wv. A§ns\ Bhp-Ibpw thWw. F¶mÂ AtX {]_p-²-hyàn sS{lm-\nÂ am{Xw ê-{]-Z-amb kmtcm-]-tZi {]kw-K-§Ä hnh[ Øe-§-fn-te¡v sIm−p t]mhp-t¼mÄ AbmÄ Bcp-ambpw kwh-[n-¡m³ Ign-bm¯ A\y-\m-bn-̄ o-cp-¶p. aäp-hm-¡p-I-fnÂ ]d-ªmÂ {]`m-j-I³ kÀÆ-eu-In-I-\-Ã. AbmÄ GXp \m#v-S-Sp-Im-c-\m-sW¶p \mw tNmZn-t¡− -Xp-−v. AtX-t]m-se, kÀÆ-eu-In-I-\mb {]_p² hyàn-bp-a-Ã. Npcp-¡-̄ nÂ {]_p-²X F¶Xv Imew, tZiw, kmaq-ly-]-cn-tXm-h-Ø, Ncn{X kml-Ncyw F¶n-h-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸-«-Xm-Wv. DZm-l-c-W-ambn {^m³knkv t_¡¬ a\pjy Nn´m-N-cn-{X-¯nse Hcp alm-hy-àn-Xz-am-sW¶v \ap-s¡ms¡ Adn-bmw. A´-hn-izm-k-§Ä ssIsh-Sn-b-W-sa¶ Bibw At±lw D¨-¯nÂ {]Jym-]n-¨p. imkv{Xs¯ Bß \njvT-X-bnÂ \n¶pw ]c-temI kn²m-´-¯nÂ \n¶pw thÀs]-Sp- -̄W-sa¶pw At±lw hmZn-¨p. AXn-ep-]cn {]Ir-Xnsb Adn-bp-¶-Xn-eqsS imkv{Xw ùXn-I-Po-hn-Xhpw P\-§-fpsS PohnX \ne-hm-chpw t]mjn-¸n-¡p-¶-XmhWsa¶pw At±lw ]d-ªp. Xsâ Ime¯v t_¡¬ Hcp {]_p² hyàn-bm-bn-cp-¶p. At±-l-¯nsâ Ime-L-S-NvS-¯nepw kaq-l-¯nepw AaqÀ¯-amb Bi-b§epw A]-{K-Y-\-§fpw \ymbo-I-c-W-§fpw aX-{]-am-W-§fpw ]ptcm-ln-X-·m-cpsS \nth-Z-\-§-fp-am-bn-cp¶p imkv{Xw. Cu kml-N-cy-̄ nÂ imkv{X-s¯bpw, bpàn-sbbpw P\-§-sfbpw ]Ån-bpsS \nb-{´-WvX-XnÂ \n¶v tamNn-¸n-¡pI hgn t_¡av a\pjy kaq-ls¯ h³tXm-XnÂ klm-bn-¨p. t_¡¬ C¶p Pohn-¨n-cp¶psh¦nÂ At±lw A¶p ]d-ª-Xnsâ hn]-coXw ]d-tb−n hcp-am-bn-cp-¶p ({]-_p-²-hy-àn-bmbn ]cn-K-Wn-¡-s¸-Sm³ At±lw B{K-ln-¡p-¶p-sh-¦nÂ). t_¡sâ ImÂ]m-Sp-IÄ ]n´p-SÀ¶v C¶s¯ bqtdm-¸nÂ imkv{Xw km¼-¯n-c-hpw, ]ZmÀ°n-I-hp-amb DÂ]-¶-̄ nÂ am{Xw {i² tI{μo-I-cn-¡-W-sa¶pw D^-t`mK kwkvImcw Du«n hfÀ¯p-¶-Xn\p th−n IqSp-XÂ iàn-kw-̀ -cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\mWv a\p-jy-ti-jn hn\n-tbm-Kn-t¡-−Xv F¶pw-]-d-bp-¶-hÀ Xosc {]_p-²-c-Ã. _t¡m-Wn-b³ XXz-imkv{Xw {]N-cn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p-s− -¦nepw AhÀ \s¶ Ign-ªmÂ \ne-hnse hyh-Øn-Xnsb klm-bn-¡p¶ imkv{X-ÚÀ am{X-am-Wv. F´psIms− -¶mÂ imkv{Xw amdn-t¸m-bn-cn-¡p-a-¶p. Bh-iy-§Ä hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. C¶s¯ {]iv\-§fpw {]Xn-k-Ôn-Ifpw hyXy-kvX-amb ]cn-t{]-£yhpw kao-]-\-hp-am-Wv hÀ¯-am\ Ime bqtdm]y³ c£-I-\nÂ \n¶pw Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. {]_p² Nn´-IÀ (F¶p hnfn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-hÀ) hyXn-bm-\-§Ä¡pw ]ng-hp-IÄ¡pw aq¶mw temI-cm-Py-§Ä, hnivjym CkvemanI kaq-l-§Ä, km£yw hln-¨n-«p-−v.

\nÀ`m-Ky-̄ n³sd hfÀ¨-bm-Wn-Xv). “{]iv\-§sf Iq«n-¡p-g-bv¡p-¶-Xnsâ” Ncn{Xw F¶p Rm\n-Xns\ hnfn-¡p-¶p. apkvenw hnZym-k-¼-¶cpw, aäp ]uckvXy kaq-l-§fpw sNbvX AS-Øm-\-]-c-amb sXänsâ IYbm-Wn-Xv. X§-fpsS \m«n-te¡v acp¶v Cd-¡p-aXn sN¿p¶ Cd-¡p-a-Xn-¡m-sc-t¸mse {]_p-²cpw Cd-¡p-aXn sN¿m-sa¶v Cu Bfp-IÄ hniz-kn-¡p-¶p. AhÀ kzb-tah {]_p² hyàn-I-fpsS `mKw

A`n-\-bn-¡p-I-bm-Wv”. ]uc-kvXy CkvemanI kaq-l-§Ä X§-fpsS Gähpw \Ã a\-Êp-I-fnÂ\n-¶v-þ-X-§-fpsS ]nt¶m¡m-hØ amän-sb-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn\v klm-bn-¡m³ sIÂ]pä hyàn-I-fnÂ \n¶vþA-Iän \nÀ¯-s¸-Sp¶p F¶-Xm-\n-Xnsâ Zpc-´-]qÀ®-amb ]cn-Wm-aw. tamN-\-¯n-te-¡pfve ]mX ImWn¨p Xcn-I-bm-sW-¶ hnNm-c-¯nÂ

sXämb ktμ -i-§Ä F¯n¨p X¶ Cu “{]_p²”cmbn-cp¶p hÀj-§-tfmfw ·apsS P\-X-bpsS hnIm-e-§fpw t_m[hpw Nn´bpw kwhn-[m-\n-̈ n-cp-¶-Xv. Ah-cpsS sXämb tcK-\nÀ®-bhpw ka-c-co-XnIfpw ]n´p-S-cpI aqew Ah-k-c-§Ä \jvS-am-bn. P\-§-fpsS iàn hyÀ°-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. \nÊ-lm-bXm t_m[hpw ss\cm-iyhpw shdp¸pw D¯-c-hm-Zn-¯-t¯m-SpÅ hnap-J-Xbpw Hä-s¸-Sepw \nKq-V-hm-Zhpw ]e-Xcw AkvXn-Xz-hm-Zm-`m-k-§-fpam-bn-cp-¶p HSp-hn-es¯ êw. sXämb

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asämcp Zni, DNn-X-a-Ãm¯ asämcp e£yw, AsÃ¦nÂ icn-b-Ãm¯ tcmK-\nÀ®bw Ch ]Icw hcp-¶Xv hsc {I{]-hr-²-ambn XpSÀ¶p-sIm-−n-cp¶p CXv. Cu kmaqly shfn-]m-Sp-Im-cp-sSb Npäpw IqSn-\n¶v P\-§Ä X§-fpsS Ign-hp-IÄ ]gm-¡n. amlm-\mb ]oäÀ DZm-l-c-Ww. s\XÀemânse ]T-\m-\-ćw Xsâ P\-X-bp-sS t£a-¯n-\p-th−n {]hÀ¯m³ ]oäÀ tamkvtIm-bn-te¡v Xncn-̈ p. At±lw {]_p-²-\m-bn-cp-¶p. ]s£ hgn icn-bm-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. AbÂ¡m-cmÂ \nc-́ -cw-tXmÂ]n-¡-s¸« cmPy-am-bn-cp¶p djy. Cdm³ B cmPys¯ ]e-h«w tXmÂ]n-¨p. s\XÀem-−p-ImÀ Icbpw ISepw AS¡n `cn-¡p-¶p. djy hf-sc-tbsd ]nt¶m¡w \nÂ¡p-¶p. CsX-´p-sIm−v? alm-\mb ]oäÀ kzbw tNmZn-̈ p. kpZoÀL-amb Btem-N-\bv¡v tjiw At±lw ImcWw Is− -¯n. XmSn! `c-Wm-[n-Imcw Gsä-Sp-¯-t¸mÄ At±lw apgp-h-\m-fp-I-tfmSpw XmSn-h-Sn-¡m³ BÚm]n-̈ p. Um\njv P\X Znt\\ XmSn-h-Sn-¨Xv sIm−mWv AhÀ ]ptcm-KXn t\Sn-bXv F¶m-bn-cp¶p At±-l-̄ n³sd hmZw. djy-¡mÀ Um\n-I-sf-t¸mse ImWm³ XpS-§n-sb-¦nepw ASn-Øm-\-]-c-amb Hcp amähpw kw`-hn-¨n-Ã. XmSn A{]-Xy-£-am-bn. djy-¡mÀ HcSn apt¶m«p \o§n-bn-Ã. Fsâ kvIqÄ Pohn-X-Im-es¯ Hc-\p-`hw asäm-cp-Zm-l-c-W-ambn ]d-bmw. aivlZv \K-c-̄ nÂ R§-fpsS Hc-[ym-]-I-\p-−m-bn-cp-¶p. Xms\mcp {]-_p² kmaqly Nn´-I-\m-sW-\¶p At±lw Icp-Xn. Nn{XcN-\-bm-bn-cp¶p At±lw ]Tn-¸n-¨n-cp-¶-Xv. \½psS {]iv\-§Ä¡pÅ GI ]cn-lmcw Nn{X-c-N-\-bm-Wv F¶-t±lw hmZn-¡m-Wp-−m-bn-cp¶p. kaq-l-̄ n³sd _p²n-ap-«p-Ifpw Ah-bpsS ]cn-lm-chpw R§Ä¡v Im«n-¯-cm³ Nn{X cN-\bv¡v Ign-bp-sa¶v At±lw hniz-kn-¨p. Xsâ Bibw Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\v At±lw amXr-I-IÄ XcnI ]Xn-hm-bn-cp-¶p. Cdm-\nÂ kl-hn-Zym-`ymkw t{]mÕm-ln-¸n¡p-¶-Xp-ambn _Ô-s¸-«-Xm-bn-cp¶p At±-l-¯nsâ CXn\nhr¯-§Ä Gjy-bpsS ]nt¶m-¡m-h-Øbv¡v ImcWw kl-hn-Zym-`ym-k-¯nsâ A`m-h-am-sW-¶v At±lw Nnń¨p. bqtdm-]y³ kvIqÄ k{¼-Zmbw At±lw sXfn-hmbn Nq−n-¡m-«n. kv{Xo ]pcpj kzX-{´-ambn CS-]-g-Ip¶ an{i kvIqfp-Ifpw ¢ºp-Ifpw kwL-S-\-Ifpw Cdm³ t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡-sW-sa¶pw At±lw ]d-ªp. Xsâ t{]a-ss\-cmiyw X\n¡p hcp-̄ nb hn\ kaq-l-̄ n-s\m-«msI _m[-am-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp¶p At±-lw. ssewKI \nb-{´-W-§-fmÂ CkvemanI kaq-l-§-fnse Zpcn-X-§Ä¡v tlXp-sh¶v c£n-Xm-¡-sfbpw bphm-¡-sfbpw hniz-kn-¸n-¡m³ {ian-¡p¶ Fgp-¯p-Imcpw Nn´-Icpw C¡m-e-¯p-ap-−v. then-s¡-«p-IÄ \o¡w sNbvXp kv{Xo ]pcp-j-·mÀ kzX-{ -́ambn CS-]-g-In-bmÂ ]uckvXy kaq-§-fpsS kIe Zpcn-X-§-fpw Xocp-sa-¶mWv Ah-cpsS hmZw. F{X AKm-[-amWv Cu Zpc-´-sa¶pw bpX-e-ap-d-bpsS {i² F{X-am{Xw CXn-te¡v Xncn-ªn-«p-s−¶pw CXn-te¡v t\m¡p-I. c£n-Xm-¡Ä \nb-{´-W-§Ä GÀs¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw sNdp-¸-¡mÀ iTn¨p \nÂ¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-t¼mÄ kaqlw ssewKnI kwLÀjw \nan¯w ]oVn-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p-. ssewKn-I-amb kzX{ýamWv FÃm IjvS-¸m-Sp-I-fp-tSbpw thcv F¶v c£n-Xm-¡Ä Icp-Xp-¶p. Ah-cpsS B¬a-¡fpw s]WvU-a-¡fpw AXns\ hntam-N-\-¯n-sâbpw ]ptcm-K-Xn-bp-sSbpw \mK-cn-I-X-bp-sSbpw kzmX-{ý-¯n-sâbpw \nan-¯-ambn ImWp-¶p. Cu

t\«-§Ä “sImtfm-Wn-b-enk”¯n\v Kpcp-X-c-amb ]cn-¡p-I-tfÂ¸n-¡p¶p F¶s{X k¦Â¸w! B{^n-¡-bnepw Gjy-bnepw hninjym CkvemanI kaq-§-fnepw ssewKnI kzmX-{ý-¯n-\m-bpÅ kacw h¼n¨ {]m[v\yw t\Sn-¡-gn-ªp. bYmÀ°-¯nÂ kw -̀hn-t¡− km{am-PyXz hncp² ka-cs¯ XS-ªp-\nÀ¯p-¶-Xn-\pÅ Hcp PmSbmWv hmkvX-h-̄ n-enXv. temIw `cn-¡p-¶ iàn-IÂ¡v A]m-c-I-am-hp¶ t]mcm«w DbÀ¶p hcmsX AS¡n \nÀ¯p-¶-Xn\v th−n Hcp-¡n-b-XmWv ssewKnI

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kzmX{ý kacw. aäp-X-c-̄ n-epÅ kzmX-{ý-§Ä¡v _Z-embn ssewKnI kzmX-{ýs¯ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-I. bph-X-e-ap-d-bpsS {i± sXän¨pw cmjv{Sob, km¼-¯nI kzmX-{ý-̄ n\v th−n ]cn-{i-an-¡p-¶-XnÂ \n¶pw Ahsc \ncp-Õm-l-s¸-Sp-¯nbpw sIm−mWv AXv km[n-¡p-¶-Xv. Xebv¡v kzmX{ýw \ÂImsX Imen\v kzmX{ýw \ÂI-emWv ssewKnI kzmX-{ýw. Gjy-\m-{^n-¡³ cmPy-§--fnÂ Cu hn[-apÅ kzmX-{ýhw h¶p Ign-ªp. F¶n«pw kmaqly {]iv\-§Ä ]cn-l-cn-¡-s¸-SmsX tijn-¡p-¶p. kuμcy kwhÀ²I hkvXp-¡-fpsS DÂ]m-Z-\-̄ nÂ CXnsâ kzm[o\w {]I-S-am-Wv. 1955 aqXÂ 1965 hsc-bpÅ Ime-b-f-hnÂ kuμcy kwhÀ²I hkvXp-¡-fpsS D]-t`mKw Aªqdv aS§v hÀ²n-̈ p. ]s£ F´p-sIm−v? D¯-c-an-Xm-Wv. Hcp s]¬sImSn ]mT-im-e-bnÂ t]mIp-¶p. ]pkvX-I-§Ä hmbn-¡p-¶p. Adnhv hÀ²n-¸n-¡p-¶p. kmaq-ly-þ-am-\-hnI aqey-¯nÂ Hcp _ncpZw t\Sp-¶p. B[p-\nI a\p-jysâ D¯-c-hm-Zn-̄ -§sf Ipdn¨v Hcp [mc-W-bp-−m-¡p-¶p. Ah-fpsS a\-ÊnÂ am\-hnI amXr-I-IÄ hnSÀ¶p hcp¶ ka-bw. Ah-fpsS _p²n-]-c-amb hfÀ¨ apc-Sn-¡p-¶p.

“Iogv`mK”t¯¡v am{Xw Xncn-ªp-\nÂ¡p-¶-h-bmWv Ah-fpsS amXr-I-IÄ. ssewKnI kzmX-ý-s¯-¡p-dn¨v Fgp-Xnbpw {]kw-Kn¨pw Ah-fpsS DuÀÖw ]mgm-hp-¶p. ssewKn-I-Xsb Ipdn¨pam{Xw hymIp-e-s¸-Sp¶ Hcp hn`mKw adp-h-i¯v Ahsf FXnÀ¡m³ hcp-¶p. kaq-l-¯n\v ]t¯m ]Xn-\t©m hÀjw ]mgm-hp-¶p F¶-XmWv CXnsâ A\-´-c-^-ew. t]Àjy³ A£-c-am-e-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸-«-XmWv asäm-cp-Zm-l-c-Ww. 1941þ 53 Ime-L-«-¯nse Cdm-\n-b³ cmjv{Sob kwLÀj-§-fpsS aqÀ²-\y-th-f-bnÂ 11 Hcp-Iq«w

_p²n-Po-hn-IÄ C§s\ {]N-cn-¸n¨p: “Gjy-¡mtc! apkvenwI-sf, Cdm-\n-I-sf, ]nt¶m-¡m-h-Øbpw At[m-K-Xnbpw IjvS-¸mSw hni¸pw tcmKhpw A\p- -̀hn-¡p-¶-h-sc, H¶m-a-Xmbn \n§sf {Kkn¨ Zpcn-X-§-fpsS aqe-Im-cWw \n§Ä a\-Ên-em-¡p-

I.” ]s£ AhÀ ]cn-K-Wn¨ ASn-Øm\ ImcWw F´mWv? t]Àjy³ A£-c-ame F¶v D¯-cw. Nne ]Z-§-fnse A£-c-§Ä Bi-b-¡p-g-¸-ap-−m-IvIp-Ibpw kabw \jvS-s¸-Sp-̄ p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. CXm-bn-cp¶p Ah-cpsS {][m\ FXnÀ¸v. Fgp-¯n\v AÂ]w kabw hn\n-tbm-Kn-¨mÂ,, Bhn-[w, hn\m-i-I-c-amb ê-§-fp-f-hm-¡m³ am{Xw A{X IWn-i-ambn hI-bn-cp-¯n-b-XmtWm \½psS ka-bw? t]Àjy³ A£-c-ame Ipä-a-ä-Xm-sW-¶Ã Rm³ ]d-bp-¶-Xv. A£-c-am-e-bnse \yq\-X-I-fmWv kIe Zpcn-X-§Ä¡pw ]n¶m-¡m-h-Øbv¡pw ImcWw F¶-hmZw P\-§-fpsS \nc-£-c-X-bmWv tdmUnse Ipgn-IÄ¡v ImcWw F¶p Icp-Xp-¶Xp t]mse-bm-sW-¶mWv Rm³ ]d-bp-¶-Xv. Ipgn-IÄ \ne-\nÀ¯-W-sa¶v CXn-\À°-an-Ã. \½psS _p²n-Po-hn-IÄ sXämb hnj-b-§-fnepw Bi-b-¡p-g¸w _m[n¨ {]iv\-§-fnepw DuÀÖw Xpe-¨n-«p-s−t¶ CXn-\À°-ap-Åq. C\n \mw A£-c-ame amän-sb¶v k¦Â]n-¡-pI. F¦nÂ \mw asämcp XpÀ¡n-bmbn Xocpw. \½p-tS-Xn-\m-¡mÄ \t¶m XpÀ¡n-I-fpsS ØnXn? XpÀ¡n-tb-¡mÂ Gsd ]nd-In-emtWm \mw? BsW¶p sh¡pI F¶m-e-Xnsâ ImcWw \½psS A£-c-am-e-bmW? A£-c-am-e-bmWv ]nt¶m-¡m-h-Øbv¡v tlXp-sh-¦nÂ P¸m\pw ssN\-bp-am-tI-−n-bn-cp¶p temI-¯nse Gähpw ]nt¶m¡ cmPy--§Ä. Cdm-\nse apgp-h³ {]iv\-§-fp-sS-b-sÃ-¦nepw Npcp-§nb ]£w \nc-£-c-X-bp-sS-sb-¦nepw ASn-Øm\ ImcWw \½psS A£-c-am-e-bm-sW¶v t]mepw NneÀ ]d-ªp. P\-§sf \nc-£-c-cm¡n \ne-\nÀ¯p-¶XnÂ Øm]nX XmÂ]-cy-apÅ Bfp-I-fmWv \nc-£-c-Xbv¡v ImcWw. F¶v Rm³ hmZn-¡p-¶p. Bbn-c-¯n-tesd A£-c-§-fpÅ `mj-I-fp−v. ]s£ Ah km£-c-X-bpsS hgn-bnse {]Xn-_-Ô-am-bn-«n-Ã. kvs]bn³

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Ckvenan-¶-Xo-X-am-bn-cp¶ aq¶p apXÂ H¼Xp hsc-bpÅ iX-I-§-fnse CkvemanI Ncn{Xw DZm-l-c-W-am-sb-Sp-¡p-I. \nc-£-cX B Ime¯v ]qÀ®-ambn XpS¨p \o¡-s -̧«n-cp-¶p. Bbncw hÀjw ap¼v sImÀtUm-h-bnÂ Hscmä \nc-£-c\pw D−m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. en]n-bpsS k¦oÀ®-X-bmWv Zpcn-X-§-fpsS \nan¯w F¶v Btcm-]n-¡p-¶-hÀ P\-{i² bXmÀ° {]iv\-§-fnÂ Xncn¨p hnSm³ {ian-¡p-I-bm-Wv. \nc-£-c-X-bnÂ \n¶v apX-se-Sp-¡p-¶-h-cm-W-hÀ.

“]pkvXIw I¯n-¡Â” {]iv\-amWv asäm-cp-Zm-l-c-Ww. Cu {]iv\w Ipd¨p Ime-t¯¡v \½psS kaq-ls¯ B Ipe-s¸-Sp-̄ n.12 \½psS {]iv\-§Ä `q {]`p-Xz-¯n-tâtbm _mly kml-N-cy-§-fp-tStbm B -́cnIm[x]-X-\-¯n-tâtbm krjvSn-b-Ã. F¶v hmZn-¡p¶ _p²n-Po-hn-IÄ D−m-bn-cp-¶p. Ihn-IÄ X§fpsS bP-am-\-̄ n-Isf hÀ®n¨ coXn-bmWv Zpcn-X-§-fpsS \nan¯w ]£-¡mÀ \½psS Ihn-I-fpsS, hnivjym, lm^n-kn-sâ, hnIm-c-hÀ®-§Ä \½psS kaq-l-s¯ Ae-£y-`m-h-̄ n-te¡pw `mh-Ko-Xn-I-fn-te¡pw Ihn-X-bn-te¡pw kmln-Xy-¯n-te¡pw \bn-¨n-«p-s− -¶-XmWv Ah-cpsS \ymbw. CXnsâ ]cn-lm-cmÀ°w Cu Bfp-Ifpw Ah-cpsS A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw BgvN-bnÂ Hcn-¡Â Hcp-an¨p IqSn sXc-sª-SpXv ]pkvX-I-§Ä I¯n-¨p. {]kw-K-§fpw Bth-i-{]-I-S-\-§fpw DÕ-h-{]-Xo-Xn-bpsS AI-¼-Sn-bp-apÅ NS-§m-bn-cp¶p CXv. ]c-¼-cm-KX Cdm-\n-b³ IhnXsb \ymbo-I-cn-¡p-I-bÃ Fsâ e£yw. Cdm-\nse {]iv\-§-fpsS bYmÀ° Imc-W-§Â hnkvar-X-am-¡p-¶-Xn\v th−n sXämb amÀ¤-kq-N\ \ÂIpI F¶ Dt±-iy-t¯msS DbÀ¯n-s¡mavSp h¶-XmWv Cu {]iv\w F¶v Nq−n-¡m-Wn-¡pI am{X-amWv Fsâ Dt±iyw. ]pkvXIw I¯n-¡-ens\ \ymbo-I-cn¨pw A[n-t£-]n¨pw anI¨ Ah-k-c-§fpw anI¨ {]Xn-`-Ifpw ]mgm-bn. AtX-k-abw bYmÀ° Ipä-hm-fn-IÄ kam-[m-\-t¯msS kpc-£n-X-ambn Pohn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. {ioam³ Inkvd-hn-sb-¡p-dn-¨v Hcn-¡Â Ft¶m-Smtcm A`n-{]mbw tNmZn-¨p. F\n-t¡-sXmcp Imcy-hpa amäp-c¨p t\m¡p-hm³ XXz-ap-s−¶p Rm³ adp-]Sn ]dªp. Cu bmfp-I-fpsS FÃm Bi-b-§fpw Rm³ NÀ¨ sN¿p-¶n-Ã. Bdm-as¯ inbm Camw PAv^À kzmZn-Jn-s\ Ipdnt¨m kp¶n-k-s¯-Ip-dnt¨m ioC-ks¯ Ipdnt¨m Ckv eman-s\bpw AXnsâ Ncn-{X-s¯bpw kmlvXy-s¯bpw Ipdn-¨pÅ knkvd-hn-bp-sS hnaÀi-\-§Ä km[p-hmtWm AtÃ F¶p Rm³ At\zjn-¡p-¶n-Ã. Ah km[p-hm-sW-¶v Xs¶ Rm³ k¦Â]n-¡p-¶p. 1941þ49Ime-b-f-hnse \½psS kaq-l-¯nsâ khn-ti-j-amb Nncn-{X-Z-ibpw Inkvdhn IrXn-IÄ \½psS bph Xe-ap-d-bnep−m¡nb Bg-apÅ kzm[o\w IW-¡n-se-Sn-¡p-t¼mÄ At±lw hnh-cn¨ kwK-Xn-IÄ DbÀ¯nb hnj-b-§-fp-am-bn-cpt¶m Gäw Bh-iyhpw ASn-k-Ym\ ]c-hp-amb {]iv\-§Ä F¶-XmWv {]iv\w. B {]tXyI ka-b¯v (1949\p tijw) FÃm B{I-a-W-§fpw aX-]-c-amb Imcy-§Äs¡-Xn-scbpw lm^nkvsâ Pocn-Wn-s¡-Xn-scbpw Xncn¨p ]nSn-¨-sX-´n-\m-bn-cp-¶p? \½psS kaqlw t\cn-Sp¶ Gähpw henb Zpc´w AXm-sW¶ a«nÂ? Bwt¥m Cdm-\n-b³ HmbnÂ I¼n-\n-sb-¡p-dn¨v Hcp kqN\ t]mepw D−m-bn-Ã.. CsX-\vXp-sIm−v? Xmc-X-tay\ P\m-[n-]Xym`n-ap-J-amb C¡m-e-L-«-̄ nÂ DbÀ -̄s -̧tS-−n-bn-cp¶ Gähpw A\n-hm-cy-amb ASn-Øm\ {]iv\w F´m-bn-cp-¶p? Cdm-\n³sc Zpc- -́§-fpsS- apgp-h³ tlXp lm^nkv Is− -¯p-I-bm-bn-cpt¶m? AtXm temI¯v \ne-\n-¶n-cp-¶ km¼-¯n-I, cmjv{So-b, km{am-PyXz kml-N-cy-§sf hne-bn-cp-¯p-Itbm? cmjv{Sob kmaqly {]iv\-§Ä A]-{K-Yn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ kμÀ`w ]e-t¸mgpw kzbw kwPm-X-am-hp-I-bn-Ã. taÂ NÀ¨-bnÂ \n¶v Hcp s]mXp-XXzw \nÀ²m-cWw sNbvsX-Sp-¡mw. imkv{Xo-bhpw ZmÀi-\n-Ihpw kmt¦-Xn-Ihpw Iem-]-chpw X¯p-ey-hp-amb thsdbpw {]iv\-§sf Ipdn¨ hmZ-{]-Xn-hm-Z-§Ä XmÀ¡n-I-amb hne-bn-cp-¯-en\pw ]p\-]-cn-tim-[-

54

\bv¡pw hnt[-b-am-¡pI F¶ [mcm-fn¯w A¡m-Z-anI Øm]-\-§-fnÂ \S-¡m-dp-−v. Hmtcm-cp-¯cpw X§-fp-tS-Xmb {]tXyIm`n-aXw {]I-Sn-¸n-¡pw. ]co-£-W-§Ä _e-s¸-Sp-̄ p-Ibpw imkv{Xob \nb-a-§-fpsS ]co-£sb AXn-Po-hn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ ImgvN-¸mm-SmWv \ne-\nÂ¡p-Ibpw kzoI-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sN¿p-I. kmaqly {]iv\-§sf Ipdn¨ kn²m-´-§Ä¡v bpàn-]-c-am-b-L\w am{Xw aXn-bm-hp-I-bn-Ã. hmZw AYhm kn²m-́ -¯nsâ kμÀ`w IqSn ]cn-K-Wn-t¡-− -Xp-−v. A\p-tbm-Py-a-Ãm¯ ka-b¯pw ImeL«-¯n-ep-amWv {]I-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶-sX-¦nÂ A\y{X icnbpw {]kvXm-h\ Xs¶ \njv -̂e-ambn `hn-¡mw. sXfn-hn³sc ]n\v_-e-an-Ãm¯ hmZw Nne {]tXyI A´-co-£-¯nÂ {]k-à-amb ê-ap-−m-¡n-sb¶p hcpw. B{^n-¡-bnse kao]Ime ka-c-§-fnÂ Ahn-Ss¯ t\Xm-¡fpw {]_p² hyàn-Ifpw X§-fpsS e£yw t\Sp-¶-Xn\v P\-§-fpsS \mtSm-Sn-¡-YstXm-XnÂ B{i-bn-̈ Xv DZm-l-c-Ww. Hcp-h³ Xsâ i{Xp-hns\ ]cn-t¡Â]n-̈ p hnSpI am{Xw sNbvXmÂ Bßmhv ]Icw ho«p-sa¶pw apdn-s -̧Sp-̄ n-b-hs\ sImÃp-sa-¶p-apÅ _lp-P\ hnizmkw AhÀ apX-se-Sp-¯p. i{Xp Bßm-¡-fpsS {]Xn-Imcw Hgn-hm-¡p-¶-Xn-\v, kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw B{^n¡-¡m-c³ Xsâ i{Xp-hns\ sImÃm³ Xsâ Ign-hnsâ ]c-am-h[n {ian-¨p. imkv{Xo-b-Svim-\-anÃ Cu hnizm-k-¯n-\v. bpàn-]-c-ambn t\m¡n-bmÂ hymP-hp-am-W-Xv. F¶n«pw km{am-PyXz hncp² t]mcm-«-̄ nÂ {]_p² hyàn-IÄ AXns\ ê-{]-Z-amb Hcm-bp-[-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-¨p. tZio-b-XbmWv asämcp DZm-l-c-Ww. a[y-Im-e-L-«-¯nsâ Ah-km-\-¯nÂ bqtdm-]y\ cmPy-§fnÂ hfsc {Inbm-ß-I-amb ]¦mWv hln-¨-Xv. F¶mÂ B{^n-¡-bn-eXv Ct¸mÄ \ntj-[m-ß-I-amb ]¦v hln-¡p-¶p. s]mXp-hmb hn[nsb A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡-bmÂ Hä-s¡-«mbn \nÂt¡− h³ Ic-bmb Idp¯ B{^n-¡sb tZio-b-X, km{am-Py-Xz-¯nsâ aq¡n\p ap¼nÂ sh¨v, IjWw Ij-W-am-¡p-¶p. CXn\p hn]-co-X-ambn bqtdm-¸ns\ Iog-S-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-th−n ss{IkvX-h-Xsb Bbp-[-am-¡nb t]m¸nsâ \pI-¯nÂ \n¶pw tZio-bX bqtdm-]y³ kaq-ls¯ a[y-Im-e-L-«-§-fpsS Aý-̄ nÂ hntam-Nn-¸n-¨p. 1950IfnÂ AÄPo-cn-b-bnÂ P\§Ä `n¶n-̧ n-¡p-Ibpw hnhn[ hn`m-K-§-fm-¡p-Ibpw A§ns\ D¯-cm-{^n-¡-bnÂ h³ \miw hnX-bv¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶-Xn-\mbn km{am-PyXz iàn-IÄ dqtÊm, thmÄ«-bÀ, tamdnkv XpS-§n-b- Nn-´-I-cpsS]ptcm-K-a-\m-ß-I-amb NnÍÄ {]N-cn-¸n-¨p. imkv{Xo-bhpw tZio-b-X-bnÂ Du¶n-¶-h-bp-am-bn-cp¶p B Nn -́IÄ. Hmtcm tZmio-b-Xbv¡pw kzámb cmjv{S-ap-−m-h-W-sa¶ tZio-bhmZ-¯nsâ tI{μ -kn-²m-´w, AXp-hsc CkvemanI hnizmkw aqew sFIy-¯n-em-bn-cp¶ Ad-_n-Isf `n¶n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯n. A§s\ AhÀ {^©v km{am-Py-Xz-̄ nsâ Cc-I-fm-bn-¯oÀ¶p.- s]m-Xp-i-{Xp-hn-s\-Xnsc AWn-\n-c-¡p-¶-Xn\p ]Icw Ac-_v-þ-s_À_À tZio-b-hm-Zn-IÄ At\ym\yws]mcp-Xn-I-bmWv14. Npcp-¡-¯nÂ Hcp kmaqly knÔm´w Ah-X-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ, AXnsâ hn[ym-ß-Ihpw [rWm-ß-I-hp-amb hne-bn-cp-̄ p-¶-Xn\v ap¼mbn, AXv apt¼m«v

sh¡-s¸« kμÀ`hpw AXnsâ {]Xym-Lm-X§fpw a\-Ên-em-t¡-− -Xp-−v. “hymP-I-

cm-dp-IÄ” AsÃ-¦nÂ”hymP-k-a-tOZw” F¶ kwK-Xn-bmWv Fsâ NÀ -̈bnse asämcpZm-l-c-Ww. _Ôp-¡-fmb c−p hn`m-K-§Ä¡n-S-bnÂ D]-cn-X-e-¯n-epÅ AsÃ-¦nÂ sXämb I®n-I-fp-−m-¡m\pw km[n¡pw. B{^n-¡-bnepw emän-\-a-cn-¡-bnepw CkvemanI ]qÀÆ tZi-§-fnepw ]änb X{´-am-W-Xv. s]mXp-hmb aXw, tZio-bX, am\-hn-I-Xm-hm-Zw, F¶o XXz-§sf Zpcp-]-tbmKn¨psIm-−n-cp¶p CXv. \nb-am-\p-kr-X-amWv Cu aq¶p Nn´-Ifpw F¶mÂ sXämb ka-b¯pw Øe¯pw {]tbm-Kn-¨mÂ ]c-kv]cw s]mcp-tX− P\-hn-`m-K-§Ä¡n-S-bnÂ sFIy-ap-−m-¡m\pÅ D]-I-c-W-ambn Ah Ffp¸w amän-sb-Sp-¡mw. tZio-bXm hmZ-hp-ambn Gäp-ap-«p-¶-Xn-\p-]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ Nn´m]²-Xn-bmWv am\-hn-I-Xm-hm-Zw. B{^n-¡, Gjy, emän-\-ta-cn¡ F¶n-hn-S-§-fnÂ tZio-b-Xm-hmZw ]ptcm-K-\m-ß-I-amb km{am-PyXz hnc-p-²-ap-

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¶-Wn-bm-bn-̄ oÀ¶-XmWv CXn\v Imc-Ww. aq¶mw temI¯v hninjym B{^n-¡-bnÂ amÀIn-kn-k-t¯-¡mÄ ]ptcm-K-\m-ß-I-amWv tZio-bXm hmZw. HutZym-KnI amÀIvkn-k-̄ nÂ \n¶v AXv kzmX-{ý-k-ac \mb-IXzw ssIh-i-am-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. CXc cmjv{S-§-fpsS `mK-t[bw \nb-{ń-¡p¶ hniz-i-àn-IÄ am\-hn-IXm hmZs¯ D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p-−v. tImfWn cmPy-§Ä¡pw km{am-PyXz iàn-IÄ¡p-an-S-bnÂ hymPhpw _lnÀ `mK-Ø-hp-amb _Ôw Øm]n-¡p-¶-Xn\v th−n-bm-WnXv. Cu c−v FXnÀ {[ph-§Ä X½nÂ {]IrXymbpÅ sshchpw kwLÀj i{Xp-X--Ifpw CÃm-Xm-¡p-Ibpw Ah-bv¡n-S-bnÂ \nKq-Vm-ß-Ihpw am\-hn-I-Xm-hm-Z-]-chpw kmam-\y-hp-amb kam-[m-\-ap-−m-¡p-I-bmWv AXnsâ Dt±-iyw. am\-hn-I-Xm-hm-Z¯nsâ ZmÀi-\n-Itam imkv{Xo-btam Bb hi-§-sf-¡p-dn- -̈Ã, XoÀ¨-bm-bpw, Rm³ kwkm-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. am\h hwi-̄ nsâ GIX ]mh-\-amb Hcp kXy-am-Wv. Cu ]mh\ kXys¯ BÀ Ft¸mÄ F´p-t±-iy-¯n\v D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯p¶p F¶o tNmZy-§-fmWv Rm\p-¶-bn-¡p-¶-Xv. ]mÝm-Xycpw ]uc-kvXycpw, tImf-\n-bp-−m-¡p-¶-hcpw tImf-\n-bm-¡-s¸-«-hcpw Htc emh-W-̄ nse AwK-§-fm-hptam? Hcp {]tXyI tZis¯ Dt±-in¨v sXämb coXn-bnÂ {]tbm-Kn-¡p-t¼mÄ tZio-bXm hmZw Hcp ad-bmbn `hn-¡p-¶p. tNmc-bpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯nÂ IrXn-a-amb sFIyhpw _Ôhpw Øm]n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ Hcp amÀ¤w. F¶mÂ bYmÀ°-¯nÂ Ahco Bi-b¯nÂ hniz-kn-¡p-¶n-Ã. tZio-bXm hmZ-¯nsâ t]cnÂ P\-§-epsS càw IpSn-¡p-I-bm-W-hÀ. CXnÂ Hcp {]O¶ lmky-ap-−v. cà-̄ nsâ am{Xw ASn-Øm-\-̄ n-em-WtÃm Cu _Ôw. A«-bp-sSbpw AXnsâ Cc-bp-sSbpw càw H¶p Xs¶-bm-Wv. s]mXp-hmb aX-hn-izm-k-§fpw BNm-c-§fpw \ne-\nÂ¡p¶p F¶ `mth\ Nqj-IÀ¡pw Nqjn-XÀ¡p-an-S-bnÂ hymPhpw IrXn-a-hp-amb _Ôw krjvSn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-th−n aXs¯ D]tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯m-dp-−v. aXm-Nm-c-§fpw ap{Zm-hm-Iy-§fpw sXämb kn²m´ {]t_m-[-\hpw Cu Dt±iy km[y-̄ n-\p-th−n Ffp¸w Zpcn-]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-

-̄s -̧Sp-¶p. XXv -̂e-ambn bYmÀ°-¯nÂ i{Xp-¡-fmbn hÀ¯n-t¡-− -hÀ “aX-km-

tlm-Pcyw” F¶ hymP-k-¦Â -̧̄ nÂ At\ym-\yw-_-Ôn-¡s¸Sp¶p. Cu ]d-ª-XnÂ \ns¶Ãmw {]_p-²m-ßm-¡-fpsS Gähpw henb D¯-c-hm-Zn¯w Xsâ kaq-l-̄ nsâ kaq-l-̄ nsâ ]nt¶m-¡m-h-Ø-bpsS Imc-W-§Â Xncn-¨-dn-bp-Ibpw Xsâ Npäp-]m-Snse P\-§-fpsS A[x-]-X-\-¯n-sâbpw kvXw`-\m-h-Ø-bp-sSbpw icn-bmb ImcWw Is− -̄ p-I-bp-am-sW¶v kn²n-¡p-¶p. AXn-ep]n, \n{Zm-[o\cpw AÚ-cp-amb kaq-ls¯ AXnsâ ZpÈ-Ip\w _m[n¨ Ncn{X kmaqly ]cn-Xm-h-Ø-bpsS ASn-Øm\ ImcWw ]Tn-̧ n¨p sImSp-¡Ww AbmÄ. XpSÀ¶v Xsâ kaq-l-¯nsâ hn`-h-§-sf-bpw D¯-c-hm-Zn-̄ -§-sfbpw Bh-iy-§fpw IjvS-¸m-Sp-I-sfbpw ASn-Øm-\-s -̧Sp¯n Xsâ P\-Xsb \ne-hn-epfvf hyh-Ø-bnÂ \n¶v tamNn-¸n-¡m-\p-X-Ip¶ ]cn-lm-c-§fpw ImW-Ww. kaq-l-¯nsâ hn`-h-§Ä DNn-X-ambn {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯n-bpwZpcn-X-§Ä IrXy-ambn \nÀ®-bn¨pw {]_p-²-hyàn Zpcn-X-§Ä¡pw kmaq-ly-Zo-\-§Ä¡pw hne-£-W-X-IÄ¡panS-bnse BI-kvanI _Ôhpw aä-\-h[n B`y-´-c-þ-_mly LS-I-§Ä I−p-]n-Sn-¡m³ {ian-¡-Ww. Ah-km-\-ambn Xsâ Is− -̄ -ep-IÄ kl-{]-hÀ -̄I-cpsS ]cn-an-X-amb hr -̄̄ n\p ]pds¯ sam¯w kaq-l-¯n-te¡v kmw{I-an-¸n-¡p-Ibpw thWw. GXv kaq-l-̄ nepw {]hÀ¯\£-a-amb Zzμm-ßI sshcp-[y-§Ä kaq-ls¯ \nÀ_-Ô-ambpw kzmX-{ý-¯n-te¡pw hn¹-h-¯n-te¡pw \bn-¡p-sa¶pw A§ns\ Hcp ]pXnb AhØ ]nd-hn-sb-Sp-¡p-sa¶pw ka-Im-en-I-cmb _p²n-Po-hn-IÄ

56

s]mXpsh hniz-kn-¡p-¶p. Cu \ymb-{]-Imcw ‘Zmcn{Zyw’ AYhm hÀ¤ hyXym-k-§Ä kmaqly kwLÀj-§Ä \ne-\nÂ¡p-¶p F¶-Xnsâ {]XoI kqN-\-bm-Wv. CXv C\n-hm-cy-ambpw Hcp ZzμmßI sshcp-[vbvX-Xn-te¡v hgn Xpd¡p¶p. XÂ -̂e-ambn kaq-l-¯nÂ Ne-\-ap-−m-hp-¶p. hmkvX-hvX-XnÂ hen-sbmcp anYy-bm-Wn-Xv. hÀ¤ hyXym-k-§Ä \ne-\nÂ¡p¶psh¶-Xp-sIm−p am{Xtam k¼-¶À¡pw Zcn-{ZÀ¡p-an-S-bnÂ h¼n¨ Ak-aXzw D−v F¶-X-n-\mtem Hcp kaq-lhpw Nen-¡-s¸-Sp-Itbm kzmX{´yw t\Sp-Itbm sN¿p-¶n-Ã. LS-\m-]-c-amb bmsXmcp ]cn-hÀ¯-´-Xn\pw Imc-W-am-hmsX Zmcn-{Zhpw hÀ¤-kw-LÀjhpw Hcp kaq-l-̄ nÂ kl-{km-_v-Z-§-tfmfw \ne-\nÂ¡p-¶p. Zzμm-ß-I-Xbv¡v B -́cnI Ne\w D−m-hn-Ã. kmaqly kwLÀjs¯ kaq-l-̄ n-\-I¯v \n¶v AXnse AwK-§-fpsS t_m[X-e-¯n-te¡v kmw{I-an-¸n-¡p-t¼m-gmWv Ne-\-ap-−m-hpI F¶ hkvXpX ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-t¼mÄ {]_p² hyàn-bpsS D¯-c-hm-Zn¯w Fs´¶v hyà-am-hp-¶p. Npcp-¡-

¯nÂ “Xsâ kaq-l¯nsâ t]mcm-bva-Ifpw hne-£-W-X-Ifpw kaq-l-¯nse AwK-

§-fpsS t_m[-¯n-te¡pw a\-Ên-te¡pw kmw{I-an-¸n-¡-em-W-Xv.” kaqlw AhnsS \n¶v AX#v Gsä-Sp-̄ p-sIm-Åpw. \ne-\nÂ¡p¶ kmaqly kwL-Àj-§-sfbpw Ah-bpsS icn-bmb Imc-W-§-sf-¡p-dn¨pw t_m[-apÅ, Xsâ Ime-L-«-¯n-sâbpw Xe-ap-d-bp-sSbpw a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶, kaq-ls¯ tamNn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb ]cn-lmc amÀ¤-§Ä {]Zm\w sN¿m-\pÅ D¯-c-hm-Zn-¯-taÂ¡p¶, kaq-ls¯ AXnsâ s]mXp-e-£y-§fpw Dt±-iy-§fpw cq]- s¸Sp-̄ p-¶-Xn\pw\nÀh-Nn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw klm-bn-¡p¶, Ah-km-\-ambn hgn ap«n \nÂ¡p¶ hnh-c-an-Ãm¯ kaq-ls¯ ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xnepw Nen-¸n-¡p-¶epw ]¦p hln-¡p¶ hyàn-bmWv {]_p-²³. CXv thsdmcp \nÀÆ-N-\-am-Wv. Hä-hm-¡nÂ ]d-ªmÂ ka-ImenI {]_p-²-

hyàn {]hm-N-I-·m-cpsS ]mX-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv apt¼m«v \ot§-−Xv. “amÀ¤-ZÀi\w” Acp-fp-Ibpw \oXn-¡p-th−n {]hÀ¯n-¡p-I-bp-amWv Abm-fpsS ZuXyw. Xsâ Ime¯v tNÀ¶ `mj-bm-bn-cn¡pw Abm-fp-tS-Xv. kaq-l-¯nsâ kmwkvIm-cnI aqey-§Ä¡v A\p-cq-]-am-bn-cn¡pw AbmÄ \nÀt±-in-¡p¶ ]cn-lm-c-§Ä.

“ \mw FhnsS XpS§Ww” F¶ tNmZyw C¡m-c-W-¯mÂ A{]-k-à-am-hp-¶p.

“\½psS kaq-l-¯nÂ \mw FhnsS \n¶p XpS§Ww” F¶mWv tNmZnt¡-− -Xv. Ncn-{X-]-c-ambn ]d-ªmÂ apkvenw kaqlw FhnsS F¯n-\nÂ¡p¶p F¶p t\m¡p-I-bmWv \½psS Gäw hepXpw Hgn¨p IqSm-\m-hm-̄ -Xp-amb D¯-c-hm-Zn-̄ w. Ccp-]Xmw \qäm-−nse bqtdm-̧ nse AtX kml-N-cy-̄ n-emtWm apkvenwIÄ Pohn-¡p-¶Xv? bqtdm-]y³ ]cn-lm-c-§fpw {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-§fpw Fgp-¯p-Im-cp-sams¡ apkvenw IÄ¡v {]tbm-P-Io-`-hn-¡ptam? apkv enwIÄ \ne-sIm-Åp-¶Xv hyh-kmbn Ime-L-«-̄ n-emtWm? hyh-kmbnI kaq-l-§Ä A\p-`-hn-¡p¶ {]iv\-§Ä Xs¶-bmtWm apkvenwI-fp-tSXpw? B[p-\nI _qÀjzm ImeL-«-¯n-se-¯n-bn-«pt−m apkvenwIÄ? aX-̀ -c-W-̄ nsâ bpKw AhÀ ]n¶n«p Ign-ªpthm? GsX-¦nepw Xc¯n-epÅ aX-\-ho-I-cWw Ah-cnÂ \S-¡p-¶pthm? \thm-°m\ Imet¯m {^©p hn¹-h-Im-et¯m bqtdm-¸n-ep-−m-bn-cp¶ kml-Ncyw Xs¶-bmtWm apÉnwIfp-tS-Xv? apkenw kwkvIm-c-̄ nsâ khn-tijX F§s\ \nÀ®-bn¡pw? apkvenw kaq-l-̄ nsâ Ncn{X kml-N-cyhpw kwkvIm-chpw Hcn-¡Â a\-Ên-em-¡n-bmÂ X§-fpsS D -̄c-hm-Zn-̄ -§fpw Npa-X-e-Ifpw F´m-sW-¶v {]_p-²cpw km[m-c-W¡mcpw a\-Ên-em-¡pw. a[y-Im-e-L-«n-¯nse A´y-¯nepw \thm-°m-\-¯nsâ Bcw-`-Z-i-bnepw ]mÝm-XyÀ Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cp-¶p-thm Ahn-sS-bmWv, Ncn-{X-]-c-ambn ]d-bpIbmsW-¦nÂ, C¡m-es¯ apkvenwIÄ. A¶-t¯-Xp-t]mse kmaq-lp-Ihpw _p²n-]-c-h-]-amb ]cn-

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hÀ¯-\-̄ nsâ Zi-bm-WnXv apkvenwIÄ¡v. km¼-̄ n-I-ambn “ImÀjnI hn]Wn” AYhm CS-̄ cw _qÀjzm k{¼-Zm-b-amWv CkvemanI kaq-l-§-fnÂ {]apJw. aäp hm¡p-I-fnÂ, ImÀjn-tImÂ¸m-Z-\-amWv k¼-Zvhy-h-Ø-bpsS Gäw hepXpw ASn-Øm-\-]-c-hp-amb ASn-̄ -d. AÃmsX s]mXpsh a\-Ên-em-¡-s¸-Sp-¶Xp t]mse \K-c-hn-]Wn k¼-Zvhy-h-Øtbm apX-em-fn-¯tam AÃ. ImcWw {^©v hn¹-h-¯n\v henb kw`m-h-\-IÄ \ÂInb bqtdm-]y³ _qÀjzmkn C¶s¯ Cdm-\n-tetbm asä-hn-S-t¯tbm CkvemanI kaq-l-§-fnÂ \n¶pw hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. N´-bnew I¨-h-S-¡m-c-\mWv CkvemanI kaq-l-§-fnÂ _qÀjz; \ho\ hyh-kmb _m¦nwKv {]amWnamcÃ. Iptd-IqSn IrXy-am-bn- -̧d-ªmÂ A§m-Sn-bnse hym]m-cn-IÄ¡v B[p-\nI _qÀjzm-kn-bpsS hodpw NpW-bp-an-Ã. ImÀjnI taJ-ebv¡pw D]-t`m-àm-hn-\p-an-S-bnÂ a[y-hÀ¯n-IÄ am{X-am-W-h-À. ]Xn-s\«mw \qäm-−nÂ bqtdm-̧ nÂ D−m-bn-cp-¶-Xn\v kam-\-amb Hcp ]pXnb _qÀjzm-hn-`mKw D−m-bn-cp-¶p-F-¶-XnÂ kwi-b-an-Ã. ]s£ AXn\v A¡m-e-s¯-b{X kzm[o-\-an-Ã. Cdm-\nse ]pXnb _qÀjz-IÄ X§-fpsS ]gb ]oSn-I-IÄ¡v ]Icw ]pXn-bh Øm]n-̈ p. ]c-¼-cm-KX kaq-l-§-fnÂ ]Sn-ªm-d³ kwkvImcw {]N-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ CS-\n-e-¡m-cm-bn-¯o-cpI am{X-amWv AhÀ CXn-eqsS. {Kmao-tWmÂ¸mZ-\¯nsâ sNe-hnÂ \K-tcmÂ]m-Z\w hÀ[n-¸n-¨ ]Xn-s\«mw \qäm-−nse X§-fpsS bqtdm]y³ adp-]-£-s¯-t]m-se-bÃ AhÀ. \K-tcm-ev]m-Z-\-̄ n\v Hcp apXÂ¡q-«p-ap-−m-¡msX \K-tcm-̀ -t]mKw hÀ²n-¸n-¡pI am{XamWv Cdm-\n-b³ _qÀjzm-IÄ sNbvX-Xv. \K-tcmÂ]m-Z-\-¯n\v XpS-¡-an« hyàn-I-fp-ap−v F¶v XoÀ¨. ]s£ AhÀ NnX-dn-¡n-S-¡p-I-bm-Wv. tZiob B[p-\nI _qÀjzm F¶v AXns\ hnfn-¡m³ ]än-Ã.

\½psS “kmwkvIm-cnI hÀKo-I-cW X{´w-þ-IÄ -̈dÂ sSIvtkm-W-anþ IqSn \mw Adn-ªn-cn-t¡-− -Xp-−v. DZm-]-c-W-¯n\v {Kokn-tâXv ZmÀi-\nI kwkvIm-c-am-Wv. tdman-tâXv ssk\nIhpw Iem-]-chpw. A[ym-ßn-I-amWv Cý-bp-tS-Xv. \½psS kaq-l-§Ä¡v aX-]-chpw Ckv eman-I-hp-am-b-kw-kvIm-c-am-Wp-Å-Xv. Hcp \nÝnX kaq-l-¯nse P\-§-fpsS hnÚm\w khn-ti-j-X-IÄ, hnIm-c-§Â ]mc-¼cyw ho£-

W-§Ä F¶n-hsb `cn-¡p¶ {]_-e-amb sNX\yw F¶mWv “kwkvIm-cnI hÀKo-I-c-W-X-{ -́sa-¶-XvsIm-−À°-am-¡p-¶-Xv.kaq-l-̄ nsâ taÂsNm¶ khntijXIsf Iq«n-bn-W-¡p-¶Xpw Ahbv¡v AÀ°w \ÂIp-¶-Xp-amb s]mX-]-ssN-X\yw kwkvIm-c-amWv.P-\-§Ä AXnÂ\n¶v {]mW-hm-bphpw t]mj-Im-lm-chpw kzoI-cn¨p hf-cp-¶p. Hcp kaq-l-̄ nsâ kwkvImcw a\-Ên-em-¡p-I-sb-¶mÂ AXnsâ B -́cnI kwth-Z-\-§-sfbpw hnIm-c-§-sebpw Adn-bp-I- F-¶m-WÀ°w. DZm-l-c-W-ambn XXz-Nn-´-sb-¡p-dn¨v ]nSn-]m-Spw-hn-h-c-hp-an-ÃmXw {Ko¡v kwkvIm-c-s¯-¡p-dn-¨-dn-bm-sa-¶-h-Im-i-s¸-SpI Akm-[y-am-Wv. AtX-t]mse _p²-ZÀi-\hpw thZm-´-hp-a-dn-bmsX Cý³ kmaq-ly-imkv{Xc-¯nÂ hnZ-KvZ-\m-sW-¶-h-Im-i-s¸-Sm\pw ]än-Ã. Xsâ kaq-ls¯ t_m[s¯kw_-Ôn¨v Adnhpw AXnÂ km\n-[y-hp-an-Ãm¯ BÄ {]_p² hyàn-bm-sW¶ Ah-Im-i-hmZw kzoIm-cy-amhp¶n-Ã. {]_p-²-amb Cý-¡m-c\v _p²-ZÀi-\-̄ nepw thZm-́ -̄ nepw ]qÀW-Úm\w D−m-h-Ww. C\-Xy³ kwkvImcw sshZn-I-am-b-Xn-\mÂ B[p-\nI ]mÝmXy hnZym-`ym-kw-kn-²n¨ kmaqly imkvX-c-Ú\v Cý-bnÂ hf-sc- Ip-dª {]k-I-Xntb D−m-hp. Xsâ kaq-l-s¯bpw Xsâ kl Cý-¡m-cpsS a\Êpw a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Ign-ªXv sIm−v Hcp KÔn¡v aäp-Å-h-tc-¡m-tfsd kaq-ls¯ apt¶m«v kln-¡m³ Ign-ªp. Hcp {]_p² Ckvemansâ Imcy-¯nepw CXv icn-bm-Wv. Xsâ kwkvIm-c-̄ nsâ apJy khn-ti-jX CkvemanI ssNX-\y-am-sW¶pw Xsâ kaq-l-¯nsâ Ncn{X {]{In-bbpw AXnsâ \nb-am-h-enbpw Ckvemw Nn«-s¸-Sp-¯n-b-Xm-sW¶pw Ah³ a\-Ên-em-¡Ww. CXv a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-XnÂ ]cm-P-b-¸-«mÂ, \½psS _lp-`q-cn-]£w _p²n-Po-hn-I-sfbpw t]mse, AbmÂ Xsâ A{]-k-à-amb Npäp-h-«-¯n-te¡v Npcp-−p-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw \nb-{ń-X-\p-am-bn-¯o-cpw. C¯-c-¡mÀ¡v

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s]mXpth aX-hn-izm-kw- D−m-bn-cn-¡p-I-bn-Ã. bqtdm]v³ hnZym-`ymk ]Ým-¯-evX-Xn-sâbpw A\p-̀ -h-§-fp-sSbpw AXn-cp-IÄ¡-I-¯m-Wv Ah³ s]cp-am-dn-¶-Xv. A¡m-c-W-¯mÂ Xsâ kz´w P\-X-bp-ambn _Ôw Øm]n-¡m³ Ah\v Ign-bmsX t]mhp-¶p. kaq-l-̄ nÂ Ah-s\m-cn-¡epw kzoIm-cy-\m-hp-¶n-Ã. {^m³kv ^m\s\ F\n¡v t\cn-«-dn-bmw. At±-l-̄ nsâ IrXn-IÄ R³ t]Àjy-\n-te¡v `mjm-́ cw sNbvXn-«p-−v. kmaqly {]Øm-\-̄ n\v aXw \ÂInb hn[ym-ßI kw`z-\-I-sf-¡p-dn¨v At±-l¯n\v ip`m]vXn hnizmkap-−m-bn-cp¶p. kwkvIm-c-¯nÂ aXw {][m\ LS-I-ambn Nne kaq-l-§-fnÂ aX-¯n\v, AXnsâ hn`-h-§-fn-eq-sSbpw am\-knI {]`m-h-§-fn-eq-sSbpw {]_p² hyàn-Isf D]-I-c-W-am¡n, kaq-l-s¯, At±lw Xsâ H«pw aX-]-c-a-Ãm¯ amÀ¤n-¯n-eqsS F¯n¡p¶ AtX e£y-Øm-\-t¯¡v \bn-¡m³ Ign-bp-sa¶v Rm³ t_m[y-s¸-Sp-¯n-s¡m-Sp-¡p-¶-Xp-hsc ^m\\v aX-hn-cp-²-amb ImgvN-¸m-Sm-bn-cp¶p D−m-bn-cp-¶-Xv. a[y-Im-e-L-«-¯nse bqtdm-¸nsâ A\-\y-amb aXm-\p-`-h-¯nÂ \n¶pw AXnsâ ê-ambn ]Xn-\-©v, ]Xn-\mdv \qäm-−p-I-fnÂ bqtdm-]y³ kaqlw ssIh-cn¨ kzmX-{ý-̄ nÂ \n¶p-amWv ^m\sâ aX-hn-cp² hnImcw DÛ-gn-¨-sX¶pw Rm³ Iq«n-t¨À¯p. Cu A\p-`-hs¯ CkvemanI temI-t¯¡v hym]n-¸n-¡pI km[y-a-Ã. ImcWw Ckv emanI kaq-l-¯n\v DÛ-hw \ÂInb kwkvIm-chpw ss]Xr-Ihpw a[y-Im-e-L-«¯nÂ aX-¯nsâ t]cnÂ bqtdm-¸nÂ \ne-\n-¶n-cp-¶-XnÂ \n¶pw k¯-bnÂ At§-bäw `n¶-am-Wv. c−p aX-s¯bpw Htc Xe-¯nÂ \n¶p-sIm−v hne-bn-cp-̄ p-¶Xpw A[n-t£-]n-¡p-¶Xpw bpàn-b-Ã. B{^n-¡-bnÂ Ckvemw hln¨ ]¦pw emän-\-ta-cn-¡-bnÂ ss{IkvX-hX hln¨ ]¦pw Xne\w sNbvXmÂ Fsâ Bibw hyà-amhpw15. ]Xn-\mdpw ]Xn-t\gpw \qäm-−p-I-fnÂ bqtdm-̧ nse {]_p² hyàn-IÂ ss{IkvX-h-Xsb FXnÀ¯-Xp-t]se Ckvemant\mSv ]S-sh-«p-¶Xv Kpcp-X-c-amb ]mX-I-am-bn-cn-¡pw. ImcWw aX-¯nsâ t]cnÂ a[y-Im-e-L-«-¯nÂ \ne-\n-¶n-cp-¶-XnÂ \n¶pw XI¨pw hyXy-kvX-amWv Cdmsâ aX-]-c-amb hnIm-c-§epw aX-kw-kvIm-c-hpw. Ckv emans\ {InkvXym-\n-k-hp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNbvX Htc Xocp-am-́ -Xn-se-̄ p-¶Xv A_-²-am-Wv. Ncn-{Xm-Im-ct\m XXz Nn´-It\m FÃm aX-§sfbpw Htc coXn-bnÂ ImWp-¶Xv kln-¡mw. F¶mÂ Hcp {]_p² hyàn-bp-tSXv A§-s\-b-Ã. Xm³ Pohn-¡p¶ kaqlw GXv XcvX-Xn-ep-Å-Xm-sW¶v AbmÄ Xncn-¨-dn-bp-Ibpw P\-Xsb a\-Ên-em-¡p-Ibpw AtX kabw Ah-cpsS Ncn{X kml-Ncyw hne-bn-cp-¯p-Ibpw thWw. apkvenw _lp-P-\-§Ä¡n-S-bnÂ \ne-\nÂ¡p¶ aX-]-c-amb hnI-c-§-fmWv Ah-cpsS bYmÀ° Ncn-{X-þ-kmw-kvIm-cnI aXw F¶v sXän-²-cn-¡p-Ibpw Zpc-́ -§-fpsS \nan¯w F¶ \nebv¡v AXns\Xnsc t]mcm-Sp-Ibpw sN¿pI Ckv emanI temIs¯ Hcp {]_p²hyàn¡v kw`-hn-¡m-hp¶ A_-²-am-Wv.]s¯m-¼-Z-Xmw-\q-äm-W-Snse PÀa³ hyh-km-bnI kaq-l-̄ n\v tNc¶ {]Xym-bivkv{Xw kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\v AbmÄ Xsâ P\-Xsb £Wn-t -̈¡mw. A§ns\ AbmÄ Xv\sd

kaq-l-¯nÂ hgn-sX-änb ]¦v hln-¡p-¶p. A¯cw ‘_p²n-Pohn’ P\-§se hnZym-k-¼-¶-cnÂ \n¶v A\yw \nÀ¯n `b-s -̧Sp-̄ pw. XXv^-e-ambn ]nń-cn-¸\pw hgn-]n-g-¨Xpw km{am-Py-Xz-]-c-amb aqe-L-S-I-¯nÂ A`bw tXSm³ AhÀ \nÀ_-Ôn-X-cm-hp-¶p. aX-hn-cp-²-cmb A`ykvX hnZy-cÂ \n¶v c£-s -̧Sm-\m-Wn-Xv. Ckv emanI kaq-l-§-fnse _lp-P-\-§-fnÂ _p²n-Po-hn-IÄ A]-cn-Nn-X-cm-hp-¶-Xnsâ {][m-\-Im-c-W-an-Xm-Imw. IWn-i-amb Hu]-Nm-cn-IX ]peÀ¯p¶ icn-bmb Hcp _p²n-Po-hn¡v _lp-P-\-§Ä¡nnS-bnÂ Øm\-an-Ã. AbmÂ Ah-cp-ambn Bi-b-hn-\n-abw \S-¯p-hm\pw ]äp-I-bn-Ã. s]mXp-hmb `mjtbm kwkvIm-ctam AhÀ¡nÃ F¶Xv t]mse.

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kZm P\-§Äs¡-Xnsc \ne-bp-d-̧ n-¡p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS `K-t[-b-hp-ambn Ifn-¡p-Ibpw Ahcw NqjWw sN¿p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ hgn-sX-änb ]nń-cn-¸³ LS-I-§Ä P\-§-fpsS hnIm-c-§-sfbpw {i²-sbbpw hÀ¯-amb {]iv\-§-fnÂ \n¶v Xncn-¨p-hn«v Ahsc `qX-Im-e-s¯-¡p-dn¨v am{Xw Nnń-¡p-¶-h-cm-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ ê-{]-Z-amb Bbp-[-am¡n a¯vsX-Zp-cp-]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xns\ {]_p-²-hyàn t_m[-hm-\m-h-Ww. AhÀ P\-§sf bYmÀ°, ùXnI B\p-Im-enI {]iv\-§-fnÂ \n¶v hgn-Xn-cn¨p hnSp-¶p. aX-̄ nsâ t]cnÂ P\-Xsb ac-Wm-\-ć Pohn-X-hp-ambpw AaqÀ¯hpw Aß-\n-jvS-hp-amb {]iv\-§-fp-ambn sI«p-]n-W-bp-¶-cm-¡p-¶p. CXp aqew kpc-£n-Xhpw sFiz-cy-]qÀWhpw kzX-{´-hp-amb Pohn-¯n-\p-th−n {ian-¡p-¶-XnÂ \n¶v apkv enwIÄ XS-b-s¸-Sp-¶p. CXp-ambn _Ô-s¸« Ah-cpsS Nn´-Ifpw Bi-b-§fpw t]mepw ]c-tem-I-¯nÂtI-{μo-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bm-Wv. iàn-bp-sSbpw {]tNm-Z-\-¯n-sâbpw Gähpw henb Dd-hp-Shpw àn-bnÂ AÀ°]qÀW-amb PohnXw \bn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ amÀK-ZÀi-\-hp-am-bn-cp¶p aXw, Cßqew hnIr-X-am-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p. F{X-t¯m-f-sa-¶mÂ aXm-\p-bm-bn-I-fpsS I®pw ImXpw lrZ-bhpw ]c-tem-I-¯nÂ am{Xw tI{μo-I-cn-¡p-¶p. sFln-I-Po-hn-X-¯nÂ {i²-]-Xn-¸n-¡p¶Xv ¸¯nsâ Dd-hn-S-ambn KWn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p. \pKq-V-hm-Zhpw ]c-tem-I-im-kv{Xhpw hf-sc-tbsd t{]mÂkm-ln--¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p. kam-In-e-I-cmb an¡ {]_p²hy-àn-I-fpw And-bp-Ibpw A\p-`-hn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶hbmWv Cu {]iv\-§Ä. F¶mÂ icn-bmb Xocp-am-\-¯n-se-¯m³ am{Xw KmV-aÃ Ah-cpsS hne-bn-cp-¯-ep-IÄ. P\-§Ä bYmÀ°hpw ùXn-I-hpamb Pohn-Xs¯ Ah-K-Wn-¡m³ hgn-sbm-cp-¡p¶p F¶ Imc-W-¯mÂ aXw-þ-A-YhmCkv emwþkaq-l-̄ nÂ \ntj-[m-ßI ]¦v hln-¡p¶p F¶-hÀI-cpXp-¶p. KqV-{]-hÀ¯\¯n-teÀs¸-Sp¶ ]nń-cn-¸³ LS-I-§Ä ZrjvSn-tKm-N-c-a-Ãm¯ hntZi lkvX-§-tfm-sSm¸w Cu sXämb Cu Xocp-am-\-¯nÂ \n¶v apX-se-Sp¯v P\-§f¡pw {]_p²hyàn-IÄ¡pw Htc t]mse FXn-cmbn Cue \nÀ®mbI iàn D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. Hcp {]_p² apkvenw A\p-I-c-Whpw kmaqly {]iv\-§sf kw_-Ôn¨ sXämb [mc-Wbpw Dt]-£n-¡-Ww. AXw P\-§-enÂ Ct¸mÄ hln-¡p¶ Zpjn¨ ]¦n\v, Xsâ kaq-l-̄ nsâ ZmÀi-\n-Im-Sn-̄ d Hcp-¡p¶ aXambpw bYmÀ° CkvemanI kwkvIm-c-ambpw _Ô-anÃ F¶ hkvXpX IqSn AhÀ a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. kÀthm]cn a[y-Im-e-L-«-¯nÂ ss{IkvX-hX t\cn« aX-hncp² A\p-`hw Ckv emanI temI-t¯¡v hym]n-¸n¡-cp-Xv. `qX-Ime¯pw hÀ¯am\ Ime¯pw {]Xy-b-imkv{X t_m[-§Ä F´m-bmepw CkvemanI kaq-l-̄ nse Hcp {]_p² hyàn A\n-hm-cy-ambpw Ckvemtam-f-Pn-Ìm-hWw. Ckv eans\ a\-Ên-em-

¡n-¡-gn-ªmÂ “sXämb XpS¡w”, sXän-²m-cW, A{]-k-à-amb hne-bn-cp-¯Â bpàn ]c-a-Ãm-̄ _Ô-§Ä F¶nh Imc-W-ambn P\-§-fpsS A[zm-\hpw _p²nbpw òI-camb coXn-bnÂ hn\-jvS-am-hp-¶-Xns\ AXn-i-b-t¯m-sS AbmÄ Xncn-̈ -dn-bpw. Ignª c−p iX-I§-fnÂ \½psS aXs¯ \nb-{ń-̈ -hÀ Hcp hi¯v AXns\ Ct¸m-gs¯ \nÝ-emh-Ø-bn-te¡v ]cn-hÀ¯n¸n¨p. adp-h-i¯v hÀ¯am\ Ime-s¯bpw \½psS Xe-ap-d-bp-sSbpw Ime-̄ n-sâbpw Bhiy§fpw a\-Ên-em¡n {]_p² P\X aXs¯ a\-Ên-em-¡n-b-Xp-an-Ã. CXmWv \½psS Zpc-́ w. CXnsâ ê-ambn \½psS CkvemanI kaq-l¯n\v AXnsâ hntam-N-\-̄ n\v Bh-iy-amb aX t_m[w kzmb-̄ -am-¡m³ Ign-ªn-Ã. TamN\w t\Sp-¶-Xn\v AXns\ {]m]vX-am¡m³ Ign-hpä kar-²-amb Ncn-{Xhpw kwkvIm-c-hp-apÅ Ckvemw ssIh-i-ap-−m-bncp¶n«p IqSn. _p²n-Po-hn-IÄ Ckv eman-t\mSv sXämbn kacw sNbvXp. kz´w t\«-§Ä s]cp-¸n-¡m³ ]nń-cn-¸-·mÀ P\-§sf ab-¡n-¡n-S-¯n. AtX-

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kabw bYmÀ° Ckvemw AÚm-X-am-bn-¡n-S-¶p, Ncn-{X-¯nsâ ASn-¯-«nÂ XS-hn-em-¡-s¸« Ah-Ø-bnÂ P\-§Ä X§-fpsS \nÝ-ehpw ]cn-an-X-hp-amb ]mc-¼-cy-§-fnÂ Ipgn¨p aqS-s¸-«p. _p²n-Po-hn-IÄ P\-§nÂ \ns¶m-ä-s¸-Sp-Ibpw Ah-cmÂ shdp-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. sFlnI Pohn-X-̄ nsâ bYmÀ°hpw hkvXp-\n-jvT-hp-amb {]iv\-§-fnÂ \n¶v P\-hn-Im-cs¯ ]c-tem-I-t¯¡pw AaqÀ¯hpw Bß-\n-jvT-hp-amb ]cn-K-W-\-I-fn-te¡pw Xncn¨p hnSp¶ hyàn-KX Nn´m-k-c-Wn-I-fmWv It¯-en-¡m-a-Xhpw _p²-ZÀi-\hpw thZ-a-Xhpw Xmthm-bn-khpw F¶v ]mÝm-Xycpw ]uc-kvXy-cp-amb _p²n-Po-hn-IÄ¡-dn-bmw. AXn\¸pdw X§-fpsS AXn-\-̧ pdw X§-fpsS kaq-l-§Ä¡v A[n-Im-chpw D¯-c-hm-Zn-¯hpw hkvXp-\n-jvTXbpw {]Zm\w sN¿pIbmWv Ah-cpsS IÀ¯hyw F¶pw AhÀ Xncn-̈ -dn-bp-¶p. F¶mÂ \½psS aX kwkvImcw þhninjym Ckv emansâ Hc-Xp-ey -hym-Jym-\-amb ioC-kwþ]qÀ®ambpw {]kvXpX Nn´m-[m-c-I-fp-tSbpw aX§fpsS-bpw hncp² kn´m-´-am-sW¶v AhÀ a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶n-Ã. Apkv enwIfp-sS- hÀ¯am\m-hØ a[y-Ime ss{IkvX-h-cp-tS-Xn\v kam-\amsW¶p Icp-Xp¶ {]_p² hyàn, ]s¯m-¼Xmw \qäm-−nse _p²n-Po-hn-IÄ ss{IkvX-h-Xsb FXnÀ¯Xpt]m-se, Ckvemans\ FXnÀ¡pI F¶ A_²w sN¿p¶p. t\ct¯ kqNn-¸n¨ ]nń-cn-¸-·m-cp-−m-¡n-b-XmWv Cu Bib¡pg¸w. ]Xn-\mdv apXÂ ]Xn-s\«v hsc\qäm-−p-I-fnÂ {]_p² {InkvXym\nþs{]m-«-Ìâv F´m-bn-cp¶p sNbvXp-sIm-−n-cn-¶Xv? ss{IkvX-h-X-bpsS ]pc-K-\m-ßi hi-§se Ah-c-Wn-¨p-sIm−v NÀ¨pw ]ptcm-ln-Xyhpw ]oV\§Ä¡pw Zpcn-X-§Ä¡pw hgn sh¡p-I-bm-bn-cp¶p F¶v Nq−n-¡m-Wn-¡p-I-bmWv AbmÄ sNbvXXv. AXn-ep-]-cn-bmbn Ah³ k\ym-kn-aT{]Øm\-§-sfbpw A´ÀZÀin-Xz-s¯bpw t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¨p. C§s\ aX\hoI-cWw \S-̧ nÂ hcp-̄ p-¶-Xn\pw {InkvXy³ s{]m«-Ìmânkw hfÀ¶p hcp-¶-Xn-\pw Xsâ aX¯nsâ DW-cp-¶-Xpw A`n-t{]-cW \ÂIp-¶-Xp-amb hi-§sf ]p\-cp-²-cn-¡p-Ibpw kPo-h-am-¡p-Ibpw thW-sa¶p {]_p² hyàn a\-Ên-em-¡n.16 ]s£, Ckvemansâ ØnXn CXp-t]m-se-b-Ã. Ckvemw Hcn-¡epw D¶n-

{Zhpw A`n-t{]-cW \ÂIp-¶-Xp-amb hi-§sf Ah-K-Wn-¨n-«n-Ã. “càhpw

JUvKhpw”, “t\Xr-Xzhpw \oXnbpw” F¶o-c−p ap{Zm-hm-Iy-§Ä hfsc hyà-amb coXn-bnÂ ioC-k¯nsâ c−p {]Xo-Im-ßI k -̄I-fmbn AwKo-I-cn-¡-s -̧«n-«p-−v. {]Øm-\hpw Ah-t_m-[hpw hfÀ¯n-sb-Sp-¡p¶ {]{I-b-bpsS {]k-à-amb am\-§Ä¡v cq]w \ÂIp-¶Xv Ch-bm-Wv. CkvemanI Ncn-{X-¯n-ep-S-\ofw Cu ap{Zm-hm-Iy-§Ä \ne-\n-¶n-«p−v. CkvemanI {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-¯n-tâbpw kwkvIm-c-¯n-sâbpw apgp-h³ hi-§-fnepw P\-§Ä XoÀ -̈bmbpw lpssksâ hn¹hw17 hmÕ-ey-]qÀÆw \ne-\nÀ¯nbn«p-−v. At±-l-̄ nsâ cà-km-£nXzw AhÀ hÀjw tXmcpw A\p-kva-cn-¡p-Ibpw AXnÂ hne-]n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶p. Ckvemansâ {]hm-N-I\pw aäp aXt\Xm¡fpw P\§se kZm ka-c¯n-te¡v (Po-lm-Zv) £Wn-¨n-«p-−v. F¶n«pw F´p-sIm−v C¶pw bYmÀ°-̄ nÂ ê-sam¶pw Zriy-am-Ip-¶n-Ã? Ap{Zm-hm-Iy-§Ä B[n-Im-cn-Ihpw bYmÀ°-hp-am-bn-cp-s¶-¦nÂ hymJym\w \ntj-[m-ß-I-am-bn-cp¶p F¶-XmWv CXn\v ImcWw. cq]w tISp-]-ämsX kq£n-¡v]-s]-«p. DÅ-S¡w hnIr-X-am-bn-cp-¶p. lpssksâ cà-¯nsâ Xnf-̧ ns\ hne-]n-¡p-¶-I-®o-cm¡n ac-hn-¸n-¡Â b{´w {]hÀ¯¯n¨p-sIm-−n-cn-¡p-¶psh¶Xp t]mse-bmWv. IÀ_e hnkva-cn-¸n-¡-s¸-«n-«n-Ã.. Ckvemansâ hmÄ hnkvar-X-ambn hnem-]-Zn-\-§-fnÂ At\ym\yw Igp- -̄dp-¡p-¶-Xn\v thm−n-bmWv Ct¸mÄ Cu hmÄ D-]-tbm-Kn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶Xv. {]_p-²-\mb apkvenw C§s\ h©n-X\m-h-cp-Xv.18 Cý³ kwkvIm-c-s -̄t¸mse ap¨qSpw B[ym-ßn-Itam ssN\-¡m-cp-tS-Xpt]mse XnI¨pw \nKq-Vm-ß-Itam bh-\-

61

cp-tSXp t]mse XoÀ¯pw ZmÀi-\n-Itam ]mÝm-Xy-cp-tSXp-t]mse ]qÀ®ambpw ùXn-I-tam kmt¦-Xn-Itam AÃm¯ Hcp kwkvImcw X\n-¡p-−v F\v hkvXp-X-sb-¡p-dn¨v Ah³ t_m[-hm-\m-h-Ww. hniz-mk-̄ n-sâbpw BZÀi-̄ n-sâbpw Bßo-b-X-bp-tSbpw ka-\y-am-W-h³. ka-X-bp-sSbpw \qXn-bp-sSbpw ssN\-X\yw \ndªp \nÂ¡p¶ Poh³ XpSn-¡p¶p NpW-¡p-«n. Cu {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-amWv Ckv emanI kaq-l-§Ä¡pw ]c-¼-cm-KX ]uckvXy kaq-l-§Ä¡pw Gsd Bhiyw AXn-\mÂ A\y {KÙIÀ¯m-¡-fp-sS- cN\IÄ ]cn-`m-j-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn\p ]IcwþHcp \nebv¡pw AXv s]mXp-P-\-§Ä¡v KpWw sN¿nÃþ{]_p²apkvenw Xsâ kaq-l¯nsâ Poh-Zm-b-Ihpw iàn-bp-a-̄ p-amb k -̄I-−p-]n-Sn¨v Duän-sb-Sp-¡p-Ibpw kwkvI-cn-¡p-I-bp-amWv sN¿pI. Ah³ Ne-\m-ßI kwkvImc kμÀ -̀̄ nepw kaq-l-¯nepw Xsâ P\-h-X-bpsS t_m[-̄ nepw Øm\-ap-d¸n¡pw. aäp aX§fnÂ \n¶v `n¶-ambn Ckvemw Zmcn-{Zys¯ i]n-¡p-¶p. CXmWv Cu k¯-bpsS Hcp khn-ti-j-X. Ckvemansâ ]mT-ime-bnÂ ]cn-io-e\w t\Snb alm-

\mb A_q-ZÀdv ]d-bp-¶p: “Zmcn{Zyw Hcp hmXnÂ¡qSn ho«nÂ {]th-in-¡p-t¼mÄ

aXw atä hmXn-enÂIqSn ]pd¯p t]mhp-¶p.” ]«n-Wnbpw IjvS-¡m-Sp-ambn Ign-bp¶ Bfp-IÄ¡v Id-I-f-ªXpw hn\-bm-\zn-X-hp-amb lrZ-b-ap-−m-Ip-sa¶pw AXn-\mÂ AZriy {]tNm-Z-\-§Ä kzoI-cn-¡m³ ]Mi-amhpsa¶pw Ah-Im-i-s -̧Sp¶ aX¯n\v hn]-co-X-am-Wn-Xv. Hgnª hb-dn\v FÃmw \jvS-am-hp-¶p. km¼-¯nI {]iv\-§-fpÅ kaqlw Bßob [\w IqSn \jvSs¸Sp-̄ p¶p. Zcn{Z cmPy¯v kZm-Nmcw F¶p hnfn-¡p-¶Xv hgn ]ng¨ BNm-c-§-sfbpw ioe-§-sf-bpw am{X-am-Wv. Bßo-b-Xsb AÃ. Camw Aen-bpsS Pohn-X-co-Xnsb t]m¸n-tâ-Xp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s¸-Sp¯n t\m¡p-I. CÉm-anI kwkvIm-c-̄ nsâ Ne-\m-ß-I-h-i-§Ä hln¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ Hcp amÀ¤-an-Xm-Wv. Aen A[n-Im-c-ta-ä-t¸mÄ \ne-hn-epÅ hyXykvX i¼f kvsIbn-ep-IÄ apgp-h³ d±m¡n FÃm-hÀ¡pw Xpey-i-¼fw \ÂIm³ XpS-§n. kaq-l¯nÂ kp{]-Zm-\-amb kmaq-lnI cmjv{Sob \ne-bn-epÅ D¶X ]Z-hn-bnse ssk\n-tIm-̂ o-kÀ¡pw Abm-fp-Ss `rXy\pw Htc -i-¼-fw. kaXzw F¶ XXz-t¯mSp C{X-am{Xw {]_p² ]peÀ¯p¶ hÃ `c-W-Iq-Shpw C¡m-e-¯pt−m? C§-s\-sbmcp \S-]-Sn-sb-Sp-¡m³ XbmdpÅ GsX-¦nepw tkmjy-enÌv hyh-Øn-Xn-bpt−m C¶v? Ckveman\v cq]w \ÂIp¶ Nmbvhp-Ifpw e£y-§fpw A`n-ho-£-Whpw \mw kv]jvS-am-¡p-I. X§-fpsS kaq-l-¯nepw kwkvIm-c-¯nepw Øm\-ap-d-¸n-¡m\pw P\-§-fp-ambn [mc-W-bn-em-hm\pw Ah-cnÂ\n¶v A\y-hÂ¡cn¡-s¸-Sm-Xn-cn-¡m³ Ah-cpsS aXs¯ (Ckveman\v) Ah-ew-`n-¡p-hm\pw am{X-aÃ. aX¯nsâ LS-I-§Ä {]t_m-[\w sN¿phÀ¯-am-\-¯n\v ]Icw `qXIm-e-s¯-¡p-dn¨v Nnń-¡m-\Ã F¶v kXy-k-´-ambn Nnń-¡m\pw {]_p-²-hy-àn-I-tfmSv \mw ]d-b-Ww. \nc-¦p-iamb t]mcm-«hpw (Pn-lm-Zv),\oXn (A-Zm-e-̄ v)bpamWv. Cu LS-I-§Ä. Ckvemw A¸-¯nsâ Imcyw {i²n-¡p-¶p. Cl-tem-I-¯nse kPoh Pohn-Xs¯ ASn-Øm-\-am-¡n-bpÅXmWv AXnsâ ]c-temI imkv{Xw. AXnsâ ssZhw a\p-jysâ A´-Êns\ am\n-¡p-¶p. {]hm-N-I³ Bbp-[-[m-cn-bm-Wv. \oXn tIh-e-samcp aX-X-Xz-a-Ã. Ckvemansâ apgp-h-i-§-sfbpw `cn-¡p¶ tNX-\-bm-W-Xv. {]hm-N-I-·m-cpsS \ntbmKw Cu e£ymÀ°-am-bn-cp-¶p. Hcn-¡Â Camw Aen Xsâ kplr-̄ p-¡-fnÂ Hcm-fmb aokw Imc-¡-IÄ c−v Iq¼m-c-ambn Xncn¨p hyXykvX hnÂ¡p¶Xv ImWm-\n-S-bm-bn. ]g-§Ä ]e-X-c-am¡n AÃm-lp-hnsâ P\-§sf hnhn[ X«p-I-fnÂ hn -̀Pn¨p \nÀ¯m³ X\n¡v A\p-hm-Z-an-sÃ¶v At±lw aok-ans\ tZjy-t¯msS HmÀ½n-¨p. F¶n-«-t±lw kz´w ssIIÄsIm−v Imc-¡-IÄ Iq«n-¡-eÀ¯n. Ah Hcv hnebv¡v hnÂ¡m³ Iev]n¨p. A_q-Z-dvdnsâ

62

{]hÀ -̄\s¯ skâv t]mfntâXp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s -̧Sp-̄ p-I. cavSp t]sc-¡p-dn¨pw Htc hn[n-{]-kvXm-hn-¡p-¶Xv {]_p-²-X-bm-hn-Ã. {]XypX tIhew hnh-c-t¡-Sn-sâbpw A\o-Xn-bp-sSbpw A`ym-k-¡m-gvN-bmhpw bYmÀ°-̄ n-e-Xv. Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h³ Nqj-W-̄ n-s\-Xnsc s]mcp-Xp-Ibpw B t]mcm-«-¯nÂ acWw hcn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvX

B_q-ZÀdns\ “hni-¸n³ta-emWv ssZh-¯nsâ Be-b-§Ä ]Sp-¯p-bÀ¯-s¸-«n-cp-

¡p-¶Xv” F¶pw “hni-̧ ns\ XpSÀ¶v ssZh-̄ nsâ shfn-]m-Sp-−m-hp¶p” F¶pw hmZn¨ skâv t]mfp-ambn Xpe\w sN¿m-h-X-Ã. XXz-Nn-́ -I\pw Ncn-{X-Im-c\pw X§-fm-{K-ln-¡p¶ GXv coXn-bnepw aX-s¯-¡p-dn¨v ]Tn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. {]_p-²-hyàn Hcp tIh-e-{]-Xn-̀ mkw F¶ \ne-bv¡v aXs¯ imkv{Xo-b-amtbm Bß-\n-jvT-amtbm hne-bn-cp-¯m-h-X-Ã. Xsâ aX-¯nsâ kmaq-ly-\n-tbmKw Fs´¶v Hmtcm {]_p-²-hy-ànbpw kzbw I−p-]n-Sn-¡-Ww. hfsc {][m-\-am-Wn-Xv. ImcWw Hcp {]_p-²-hy-àn¡v kw_-hn-¡p¶ A_²w Hcp Fgp-¯p-Im-c\v ]äp¶ A_-²-¯n\v ka-a-Ã. AsXmcp kaql \mb-I-sâ, hntam-N-I-sâ, {]hm-N-Isâ a\pjy Ncn-{X-̄ nse FÃm {]hm-N-I-·m-cp-tSbpw ]n´p-SÀ¨-¡m-csâ A_-²-am-Ip-¶p. ChnsS D¶-bn-¡-s¸« hmZ-ap-J-§Ä kw{K-ln-¡mw. {]hm-NI Xpey-amb Zu-Xy-apÅ

hyàn F¶mWv “{]_p-²³” F¶-Xnsâ kv]jvS \nÀÆ-N-\w. ·apsS kwkvIm-chpw CXp-X-s¶. A§n-s\-bm-hp-t¼mÄ \ne-hn-epfvf kmaqly kwLÀj-§sf kmaqlykμÀ`-̄ nÂ \n¶v AXnse AwK-§-fpsS Bßt_m[hpw hnIm-c-§fpambn ]cn-hÀ¯n-¡p-I-bmWv A¯-c-samcp hyàn-bpsS e£yhpw D¯-c-hm-Zn-¯hpw ka-Im-enI kaq-l-¯nÂ \n¶pw kmaqly Pohn-X-¯nÂ \n¶p-amWv {]_p² hyàn Akw-kvIrX hkvXp-¡Ä tiJ-cn-t¡-−Xv. {]_p-²-hy-àn¡v s]mXp-hmb aqey-§fpw khn-ti-j-X-I-fp-apÅ Hcp amXr-I-bn-Ã. {]_p-²³ Ft¸m-sgms¡ Xsâ aX-̄ nÂ \n¶v ]nń-cn-bp-¶pthm At¸m-sgms¡ kaq-lhpw Abm-fnÂ \n¶v ]pdw Xncn-bp¶p sh¶v km£y-s¸-Sp-̄ p-¶p−v \½psS kzbw Ncn-{Xhpw A\p-`-h-hpw. aX-amWv \½psS kaq-l-̄ nsâ {]Ya ssNX-\yw. {]_p-²-hy-àn-bpsS aX-hn-tcm[w {]_p-²-cmb bph-X-e-ap-d-bnÂ\n¶v êhpw em`hpw t\Sp-¶-Xn-\pÅ km[y-X-sb-¡p-dn¨v t_m[-ap-−m-hp-¶-XnÂ \n¶pw kaq-ls¯ XS-bp-¶p.-X-§-fpsS \nkvXpe temI-ho-£-Whpw Ah-t_m-[hpw ImcWw {]_p² hyàn-IÄ¡v X§-fpsS X§-fpsS kaq-l-̄ nse _lp P\-§sf Nen-̧ n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw ê-{]-Zhpw kpZoÀL-hp-amb ]¦p hln-¡m³ Ign-bpw. A]mbw, ]nń-cn-̧ -̄ w, Agn-a-Xn, Ime-s¸m-cp-¯-an-Ãm¯ Imcyw, Bi-b-¡p-g¸w XpS-§nb sshhn-[y-amÀ¶ LS-I-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v {]_p-²-hy-àn-IÄ X§sf ]Tn-¸n-¡p-sa¶v kaqlw Xo{h-ambn {]Xo-£n-¡p-¶p-−v. \oXnbpw t\Xr-Xz-hp-amWv Ckv emanI kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ apJyssNX\yw. Ckv emw aäp aX-§-sf-t¸m-se-b-Ã. aäp aX-§Ä AXns\ shÃphnfn-¡p-¶p. Ah-bn-epÅ hnizmkw Xpd¶p ]d-bp-¶p. Ah s]mÅ-bm-sW¶p {]Jym-]n-¡p-¶p.19 ka-Im-eo\ P\-§Ä¡msI D¯a amXr-I-bmb aX-s¯bpw ImgvN-¸m-Sn-s\bpw Bkv]-Z-am-¡n-bp-Å-XmWv ·apsS kaq-lw.

F´p-sIm-s− -¶mÂ \½psS aXw “cà-km-£n-Xz-̄ nsâ ]mc-¼-cy-ap-Å-XmWv”. Cu aX-̄ nsâ ]pWy-hm-f-·mcpw Hä-s¸« Kpl-I-fntem aT-§-fntem sh¨v kzm`m-hnI Imc-W-§-fmÂ arXn-bSªn«n-Ã. cWm-¦-W-¯ntem Icm-{K-l-¯ntem cà-km£n-I-fm-hp-I-bm-bn-cp¶p Ah-scÃmhcpw. P\-§sf hgn \S-̄ p-¶-Xn\pw tamNn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw th−n, \hy-am-sbmcp kvt\l-¯n\pw hnizm-k-¯n\pw DuÀP-kz-e-Xbv¡pw P·w \ÂIp-¶-Xn-\p-th-−n, P\-lr-Z-b-§-fnepw a\-Êp-I-fnepw {]Imiw sNmcn-bp-¶-Xn\p th−n, AÚ-X, AÔ-hn-

63

izmw, {Iqc-X, ka-Im-eo\ CkvemanI kaq-l-§-fnse A[-¸-X\w F¶o hnhn[ hnj-b-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v Ahsc t_m[-h-Xv¡-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\p th−n {]_p² hyàn

“aXw” sIm−m-cw-`n-¡-Ww. \½psS {]tXy-I-amb aXw kwkvImcw F¶mWv Rm\n-XvsIm−v Dt±-in-¡p-¶-Xv. C¶v apg¨p \nÂ¡p¶ aXw F¶-Ã. a[y-Im-e-L-«-¯nse ss{IkvX-h-Xbp-tS-Xn\v kam-\-amb HcnkvemanI s{]m«-Ìmân-k-¯nÂ \n¶mWv Bcw-`n-t¡-− -Xv. kaq-l-¯nsâ hn[n-sbbpw Nn´m-L-Xn-sbbpw Ckv emansâ t]cnÂ hnUvVo-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw XSªv \nÀ¯p-Ibpw sNbvXv A[x-]-Xn-¸n-¡p-¶ LN-I-§sf apgp-h³ \in-¸n-¡-Ww. tbip-hns\ hntam-N-I-\m-b-h-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xns\ \ymbo-I-cn-t¡-−n-bn-cp¶ iq\y-l-kvX-amb {InkvXy³ s{]m«kväân-k-¯n\v hn]-co-X-ambn CkvemanI s{]m«kväân-k-¯n\v hen-s¨-Sp-¡m³ A\-h[n t{kmX-Êp-Ifpw LN-I-§-fp-ap-−v. A¯-c-sam-cp-{]-Øm\w [mcmfw DuÀÖw {]k-cn-¸n-¡pw. {]_p-²-cmb apkvenwIsf AXv Xmsg ]d-bp¶ Imcy-§Ä¡v {]m]vX-am-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw. 1. \½psS kaq-l-̄ nsâ kmwkvIm-cnI tiJ-c-§Ä ]pd-s¯-Sp-¡p-Ibpw ]cn-jvI-

cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-I. £tbm-·p-Jhpw Xn§n \nÂ¡p-¶-Xp-amb LS-I-§sf DucvÖhpw Ne-\-hp-ambn ]cn-hÀ¯n-̧ n-¡p-I.

2. \ne-hn-ep-Å kaq-ly, hÀ¤ kwL-Àj-§sf, Iem-km-ln-Xy-§fpw kwkmc ssh`-h-§fpw, ssIh-i-apÅ A[n-Im-cw, aäp-km-[y-X-IÄ F¶n-hbpw D]-tbm-Kn¨v, kaq-tlym-¯-c-hm-Zn-¯m-h-t_m-[-hp-ambn cq]m-´-c-s¸-Sp-¯p-I.

3. “_p²n-Po-hn-bpsS Zzo]n\pw” “s]mXp-P-\-§-fpsS Xoc-̄ n-\p-an-S-bnÂ” A\p-Zn\w hnkvXr-X-ambn hcp¶ hnShv \nI-¯p-I. Ccp-hÀ¡p-an-S-bnÂ ASn-̧ -¯nsâbpw ]cn-N-b-̄ n-sâbpw [mc-W-bp-sSbpw Iq«mb hn\n-a-b-¯n-sâbpw Hcp-]mew ]Wn-bp-I. A§s\ Ne-\m-ß-Ihpw Poh-Zm-b-I-hp-amb aXw Pohn-Xs¯ tkhn-¡p-¶-Xmbn amd-Ww.

4. aXw AXv A\Àl-ambn [dn-¨-hÀ¡v A{]m-]y-am-¡p-I. sshb-àn-Im-h-iy-§Ä¡v aXs¯ D -̂tbm-Kn-¡p-I-bmWv Ah-cpsS Dt±-iyw. AXp-hgn P\-§sf {]tNm-Zn-¸n-¡m-\mhiy-amb DuÀÖw kw`-dn-¡p-I-bpw.

5. Hcp aX-\-thm-°m-\-¯n-\v kam-cw`w Ipdn-¡p-I. kPo-hhpw Ne\-\-ß-I-hp-amb A[n-Im-chpw \oXn-bp-apÅ aX-¯n-te¡v Xncn¨p t]mhp-I-h-gn, AXn-eqsS adp-h-i¯v kaq-l-¯nse ]nń-¸³ iàn-Isf \nÀÆo-cy-am-¡-Ibpw adp hi¯v P\-§sf ab-¡p-a-cp-¶p-sIm-Sp¯v ab-¡p-hm-\p-]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ LS-I-§-fnÂ \n¶v Ahsc c£n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-I. C¯-c-samcp \thm-°m\w sXmSp¯p hnSI hgn CXp-hsc ab-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp¶ LS-I-§Ä ]p\-cp-²-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw t_m[#w \ÂIp-¶-Xn\pw AÔ hnizm-k-¯n-s\-Xnsc s]mcp-Xp-¶-Xn-\pambn D]-tbm-Kn-¡-s¸-Spw. AXn\pw ]pdsa kaq-l-̄ nse B[n-Im-cnI kwkvIm-c-¯n-te¡v aS-§p-Ibpw AXns\ B{i-bn-¡p-¶Xv ]Sn-ªm-d³ kmwkvIm-cnI {Ia-Ws¯ {]Xn-tcm-[n-¡p-¶-Xpamb kmwkvIm-cnI kzmX-{ýs¯ ]p\ÀP-\n-¸n-¡p-Ibpw kPo-h-am-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw.

6. Ah-km-\-ambn, P\-Iob aX-¯nsâ e£-W-amb AÔamb A\p-k-c-Whpw A\p-I-cW hmgvNbpw XpS¨p \o¡n AXn\v ]I-c-ambn kzX-{´m-t\z-j-W-¯n-sâ(-C-PvXn-lm-Zv) A{I-a-tWm-·p-Jhpw hn¹-hm-ß-I-hp-amb ssNX-\ys¯ sIm−p-h-cn-I. kaq-l-̄ nse Kwò-c-amb DuÀÖ tiJ-cs¯ \ho-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw Duän-sb-Sp-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶, Ime-L-«s¯ {]_p-²-am-¡p-Ibpw hÀ¯-am\ Xe-ap-dsb DWÀ¯p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ Hcp aX-\-ho-I-cW {]Øm-\-̄ n-eqsS Ch-sbÃmw ]qÀ¯o-I-cn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. taÂ -̧dª Imc-W-̄ m-em-Wv Xsâ P\-X-bpsS Ncn-{X-¯n-sâbpw A\p-`-h-§fpsS Bg-§-fnÂ \n¶v DbÀ¶ph¶ t_m[-apÅ Hc-[ym-]-I-s\-t¸mse, Rm³ {]_p² hyàn ]ptcm-K-a-\m-ß-I-amb

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kzbw t_m[-¯n-se-¯p-sa¶v {]Xo-£n-¡p-¶-Xv. ImcWw \½psS P\-X-bv¡m-

hiyw kzbw t_m[-am-Wv. {]_p-²-cmb apkvenw Pohn-IÄ¡v “hnizm-khpw”.

Ipdn-¸p-IÄ

1 ‘C³Xn-̂ mZv’ F¶ JpÀ-B-\nI ]Z-̄ n\v \nÊ-lm-b-\m-¡-eÂ, _e-lo-\-\m-¡Â Fs¶m-s¡-bm-WÀ°w. CkvXn-_vZm-Zv(-G-Im-[n-]-Xyw), CkvXn-AvamÀ(-km-{am-PyXzw), CkvXn-kvamÀ(-Nq-j-Ww) XpS-§n-b-hbv¡v kam-\amb Hcp \njv]-¶-am-W-Xv. Ncn-{X-̄ nsâ hnhn-[-L-«-§-fnÂ kw -̀hn¨ CkvXn-Zv-B-^nsâ(aÀ±-\w) ]e-cq-]-§-fmWv hmkvX-h-̄ n-e-h. P\-§Ä km¼-¯n-I-ambpw (Nq-j-Ww) cmjv{So-b-am-bp(-G-Im-[n-]-Xyw) tZio-b-ambpw(km-{am-Py-Xzw) kmwkvIm-cn-I-ambpw(kvXw`n-¸n-¡Â) ZpÀ_-e-cm-¡-s -̧«-t¸mtgm, ChbvÂ H¶p-am-{X-amtWm IqSn-t¨À¶ \ne-bntem, CkvXnZv B^v D−m-bn. AXnsâ Cc-I-fmWv apkvXZv A^q³ (aÀZn-XÀ). a-cp-`q-an-bnÂ aÀ±\w \ntcm-[n-¡p-Ibpw B hÀ¤s¯ tamNn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶-Xn-s\-¡p-dn¨v JpÀ-B\v ]d-bp-¶p. AXn-\mÂ AXnsâ kt´iw A\-iz-c-am-Ip-¶p. F¶mÂ AXn\p ]I-c-ambn aÀ±-\¯nsâ {]I-Sn-Xb cq]-§-fmb ASn-a¯w, km{am-PyXzw, GIm-[n-]Xyw apX-em-b-hsb Ipdn¨p am{X-amWv AXnsâ {]Xn-]m-Zy-sa-¦nÂ AXnsâ ktμ -i-¯n\v, kzmX-{´yw, P\m-[n-]-Xyw, en_-d-en-kw(-A-Yhm ASn-a¯ \ntj-[w) F¶n-h-bpsS kwØm-]-\s¯ XpSÀ¶pfvf {]m[m\yw \jvS-s¸-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. A§ns\ Ncn-{X-]-c-ambn aqeyw am{Xta AXn-\p-−m-Ip-am-bn-cp-¶p-Åq. aäp Zpcn-X-§Ä {Kkn-¡p-am-bn-cp-¶p. hÀ¤-Nq-jWw aqe-hpw, Ie, kml-Xyw, ZÀi-\w, {]Xy-b-imkv{Xw {]Nm-cWw, Bß-Úm-\-hm-Zw, hyàn-hm-Zw, Bi-b-hm-Zw, el-cn-IÄ AsÃ-¦nÂ P\-§-fpsS D¯-c-hm-Zn-¯hpw t_m[hpw \in-¸n-¡p¶ aäp amÀ¤-§Ä Ch-sbm-s¡-bmWv aäp Zpcn-X-§Ä. AXn-ep-]cn JpÀ-Bsâ ktμkw hyXy-kvX-amb Hcp bpK-¯nÂ {]tbm-Kn-¡m-h-X-Ã. a\p-jyXz ]c-a-Ãm¯ hyh-Øn-Xn-I-sfbpw LS-\-I-sf-bpw FXnÀ¡m\pw hymJym-\n-¡m\pw Ign-bp¶ Hcp ]pXnb {]Xy-im-kv{Xs¯ tXSn-s¡m-−n-cn-¡p-

I-bm-bn-cp¶p _p²n-Po-hn-IÄ. “ssZhs¯ aÀ²n-Xsâ X¼p-cm³” F¶p hnfn-¨-Xnsâ t]-cnÂ bYm-Øn-XnI aX-t\-Xm-¡Ä Fs¶ hnaÀin-¡p-¶-Xmbn Hcp kplr¯v Hcn-¡Â F\n¡v Xm¡oXv \ÂIn. {]`p-¡-·mÀ¡pw `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-IÄ¡pw hyXy-kvX-amb ssZhw Ds−¶p hyà-ambn kNn-¸n-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp¶p AXn-eq-sS. {]hm-N-I-sâbpw Camw Aen-bpsSbpw Ime¯v Cu hnaÀi-I-·mÀ Pohn-¨n-cp-s¶-¦nÂ F¶v Rm\m-{K-ln-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ F¶v Rm³ {]Xn-I-cn-¨p.

F¦nÂ AhÀ¡v Cu “DÄ¡m-gn-N-bpÅ” \nÀt±-i-§Ä \ÂIm³ C¡q-«À¡v Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-¶p. B Ah-kcw AhÀ¡v \jvS-am-bn. ssZh-̄ nsâ {KÙhpw Camw Aen-bpsS \lvPpÂ_em-Kbpw AhÀ Xncp--̄ Ww. F¶n«v Ahsc Cu _lp-ssZ-h-Xz-¯nÂ(-inÀ¡nÂ) \n¶v ip²o-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw thWw. hnti-jn¨v JpÀ-B-\nse HSp-hn-es¯ A[ym-bw AhÀ Xncp-t¯-−vXp-−v. B A[ymbw

ssZh-s¯ apgp-h-\mbn P\-§tfmSv _Ôs¸Sp¯p¶p. “]d-bpI: P\-§-fpsS \mY-\nÂ Rm\-`bw tXSp-¶p. P\-§-fpsS cmPmhv, P\-§-fpsS Bcm-

[y³”(14:1þ3) “P\-§Ä”(A-¶m-kv) F¶-]-Z-̄ n\v ]Icw temI§Ä (AÂ Be-ao³)-F¶v AhÀ Xncp-̄ -s«. (A-[nIw ]cn-`m-j-Jcpw hyJym-Xm-¡fpw A¶mkv

F¶v JpÀB³ {]tbm-Kn¨ Ad_n ]Z-̄ n\v “am\-h-cmiv” F¶Ã “P\-§Ä”

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Ccp-]Xmw \qäm-−nÂ AXn\v Iev]n-¡-s -̧Sp¶ AÀ°-̄ nÂ-þ-F-¶mWv AÀ°w \ÂIp-¶Xv F¶v ChnsS Nq−n-¡m-Wn-¡-Ww.

2. ‘dqi³^nIvÀ’ ZzbmÀ°-apÅ Hcp t]Àjy³ ]Z-am-Wv. ap\-Æn-dpÂ ^nInÀ F¶ Ad_n ]Z-̄ nÂ \n¶m-Wn-Xnsâ DÂ`-hw. PemÂ Aen AÒ-Znsâ

‘JnZva¯v hJn-bm-\s¯ dqim³^nIvÀ’ (sX-lvdm³;dhmJv1358/1979) F¶ ]pkvX-I-̄ nÂ CXnsâ hnh-c-W-ap-−v. CXns\ Cw¥o-jnse Kem-X-Xm-aq-tlmX F¶ ]Z-t¯mSv Xmc-X-ay-s¸-Sp-¯p-I-bmWv km[m-cW sN¿m-dv. ]s£ Cu ]mTw ImWn¨p Xcp-¶Xp t]mse tUm.-i-co-A¯n AXn\v c−vhy-XykvX AÀ°-§Ä IÂ]n-¡p-¶p. Nne-t¸mÄ At±lw AXn\v _p²n-Pohn F¶pw aäp-Nn-e-t¸mÄ kmaqly {]hm-N-I³ F¶pw AÀ°w

\ÂIp¶Xv ImWmw. kμÀ`-̄ n-\-\p-k-cn¨v Cu ]Z-̄ n\v ‘_p²n-Pohn’ Ft¶m ‘{]_p-²-hyàn’ Ft¶m ]cn-`mj \ÂIn-bn-cn-¡p¶p (F-Un-äÀ)

3. t]Àjy-¡m-cpsS Hcp km[m-cW kmwkvIm-cnI C\-amWv ]pkvXI tPmÕyw. JpÀ-Bt\m ]{´−mw \qäm-−nse alm-\mb Cdm-\n-b³ Ihn lm^n-knsâ kam-lm-ctam CXn-\m-bp-]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶p. Kpcp-X-c-amb Fs´-¦nepw [À½ k¦-Stam Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-t¡− {]iv\tam h¶mÂ HcmÄ Ch-bn-semcp {KÙw Xpd-¡p-¶-In-«p¶ t]Pnse DÅ-S¡w H¶p-In-bÂ Dd v̧ AsÃ-¦nÂ \ncp-Õmlw \ÂIpw.(-F-Un-äÀ).

4. JmPÀcm-Pm-¡³am-cnse D]m-ý-\mb apl-½Zv Aen-jm-bpsS ]«m-f-¡mÀs¡-Xnsc X_vco-knÂ sNdp-̄ nÂ]v {]Øm\w \bn¨ c−p t\Xm-¡-fn-sem-cm-fmWv k¯mÀJm³ (a-cWw 1292/1913). X{_o-knse s#mcp km[p I¨-h-S-¡m-c-\m-bn-cp-¶p. lmPv lk³ Jdm-¨-`m-Kn-bpsS ]p{X-\m-bn-cp-¶p-k-¯mÀ(-F-Un-äÀ)

5. AÃmam apl-½Zv Jkvhn\n (1877þ1949) Ccp-]Xmw \qäm-−nse Cdm-\nse kmln-Xy-N-cn{X cwKs¯ Hcp {]apJ ]WvUn-X³. #nkv emanI amXr-I-bnepw bptdm-]y³ amXr-I-bn-ep-apÅ knIq-fp-I-fnÂ At²lw ]c-io-e\w t\Sn-bn-cp-¶p. `c-L-S\m hncp² {]Øm-\-¯nsâ Xe-h-\mb ssiJv ^Zn-ep-Ãm-\q-dm-\n-bmWv IÀ½ imkv{X-¯nÂ At²-l-¯nsâ Kpcp.(-F-Un-äÀ)

6. Aen AIv_À sZlvIpZm(1880þ1955) ]WvUn-X\pw `mjm-im-kvX-c-Ú\pw hnÚm-\-tIm-i-\nÀ½m-Xmhpw ]{X-{]-hÀ -̄I\pw `c-L-S\m {]Øm-\-¯nse kPo-hw-K-hp-am.#n-ep-¶p. sX{lm-\nepw hnb-¶-bnepw ]Tn-¨p. Cdm-\n-te¡v Xncn-¨p-h-¶-t¸mÄ `c-L-S\m hn¹-h-̄ nsâ \Sp-hn-em-sW-̄ n-b-Xv.

#vt²-l-̄ nsâ D]-lm-k-te-J-\-§Ä {]apJ Zn\-]{X-amb’kqÀ-C-

kvdmô’enÂ {]kn-²-s¸-Sp-¯n. cmjv{Sob kz[o\w sNep-̄ p-¶-h-bm-bn-cp¶p Ah. a{X-aÃ ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-\-¯nÂ Hcp ]pXnb ssien-bpsS XpS-¡-hpw. ]n¶oSv At²lw {]Àen-sa-sân-te¡v Xnc-sª-Sp-¡-s -̧«p. cmj-{So-b-¯nÂ XvÂ]cyw \in-¨-t¸mÄ At²lw Xsâ Gähpw henb kw`m-h-\-

bmb {Kμ -̄ n-sâ-þ-Xsâ Xs¶ t]cnÂ \maIcWw sN¿-s¸« ‘epK-̄ vsa-

ZvlvJpZm’ F¶ hnÚm-\-tImi kZr-i-amb \nL-−pþ cN-\-bn-te¡v Xncn-ªp.(F-Un-äÀ)

7. `hn-bnÂ IpSn-tb-dp-¶-Xn\v th−n ê-`p-bvjvS-amb Øew I−n-]n-Sn-¡m-\pÅ At\z-j-W-hp-ambn apt¼m«v Hcp tKm{Xw Npa-X-e-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ hyàn-

bmWv ‘AÀdm-CZv’AbmÄ ê-`q-bn-jvS-amb \new Is− -¯n-bmÂ am{Xw t]mc kpc-£n-X-Xz-̄ nsâ \ne-hmcw Xn«-¸-Sp-̄ p-Ibpw i{Xp-tKm-{X-§-fnÂ \n¶pw km[yam-bpÅ A]-I-S-§-fnÂ \n¶p-apÅ AIew IW-¡m-¡p-Ibpw thWw.

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8. Ck emanI teI-ho-£-W-¯nÂ lnIvaXv F¶ ]Z-¯nsâ AÀ°w “ FÃm

a\p-jy-hn-Úm-\-§-fp-tSbpw ASn-¯d” F¶m-Wv. ikv{X-§-fpsS hÀKo-I-c-W-s¯-Ip-dn¨ {]_-Ô-¯nÂ C_v\p-ko\ (A-hn-k-¶) A¡m-es¯ FÃm imkvX-c-ta-J-e-I-sfbpw kqNn-¸n-¡m³ lnIvaXv D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-«p-−v. ]n¶o-S-t²lw ssk²m-´n-Ihpw {]mtbm-Kp-I-h-]-\mb hn`m-K-§m¡n hn`-Pn¨p. lnI-aXv BÀÖn-¡p-¶-tXmsS HcmÄ {]_p-²-\m-hp-¶p-sh¶pw Xsâ AkvXnXzs¯¡p-dn¨p t_m[-hm-\m-hp¶p F¶pw k¦Â]n-¡-s -̧Sp-¶p.(-F-Un-äÀ).

9. Aºm-kn-b-¡Ä F§ns\ P\-§sf cmjv{Sob cln-X-am¡n F¶pw imkv{X-]p-tcm-K-Xnbpw Ie,- km-ln-Xyw, imkv{Xob I−p-]n-Sp-¯-§Ä, ZmÀi-\nI kwhm-Z-§Ä, hnhÀ¯\w, A\y-P-\-X-I-fpsS ss]Xr-Ihpw kwkvIm-chpw

A\p-In-¡Â F¶n-hbpw t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¨p-sIm−v ‘sXäv’ ‘icn’ {]iv\-§-fnÂ\n¶pw cmjv{Sob {]iv\-§-fnÂ \n¶pw Ah-cpsS {i² Xncn-¨p-hn-«p. F¶pw Ckvemw i\mkn(a-ivl-Zv,1968) bnÂ Rm³ Nq−n-¡m-Wn-¨p-«p-−v. aX imkv{X-§-epsS hnImkw aX-¯nsâ kp{]-[m\ {]iv\-§sf hyXy-X-bn-te¡v XÅn.

10. {^m³kv ^m\-s\-t¸m-se-bp-Å-h-sc-bmWv ]Sn-ªmdv bqtdm-]yÀ¡m-hiyw F¶v

kmÀ{Xv Icp-Xp-¶Xv IuXp-I-I-c-am-Wv. ^m\sâ the wretched of the erth F¶

IrXn-bpsS apJ-hp-c-bnÂ kmÀ{Xv ]d-bp-¶p: “B{^n-¡-¡m-c-s\-gp-Xnb Cu ]pkvXIw Hcp t_mw_m-Wv. Cu ]mÝmXy hncp² IrXn apX-em-fn¯ \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS lrZ-b-hpw _qÀjzm-th-iym-e-b-hpamb ]mco-knÂ {]N-cn-̧ n-¡p-¶Xv Rm\n-jvS-s¸-Sp-¶p. ]Sn-ªm-d³ km[m-c-W-¡mÀ¡v C¯-c-samcp s]m«n-s¯dn

Bh-iy-am-Wv”. 11. 1941\pw 1953\pan-S-bv¡pÅ Imew Cdm-\nÂ `c-W-L-S\m ]p\-cp-Öo-h\ (C-

lvbmsb aivZqXn-bm-Xv)-̄ nsâ hÀj-§-fm-bn-cp-¶p. Cu Ime-b-f-hnÂ Cdm-³ D¶X \ne-hm-c-̄ n-epÅ P\m[n]Xy kzmX{´yw A\p-`-hn-¨p. GI O{Xm-[n-]-Xn-bmb dnkm-jmsb kJy-tk\ Cdm-\nÂ \n¶v ]pd-̄ m-¡n. Abm-fpsS aI³ Fs´-¦nepw \nb-{´Ww Øm]n-¡m³ Ign-bm-̄ {X sNdp-̧ -am-bn-cp-¶p. Cu L«-s -̄bmWv ico-A¯n kqNn-̧ n-¡p-¶Xv (F-Un-äÀ).

12. AlvaZv Inkvd-hnbpw Abm-fpsS A\p-bm-bn-I-fp-amWv kqN-\. D]-cn-¹-h-sa¶v AhÀ hne-bn-cp-¯p¶ ]pkvX-I-§Ä BgvN-bn-sem-cn-¡Â AhÀ I¯n-¡m-dp-−m-bn-cp-¶p.(-F-Un-äÀ)

13. Ccp-]Xmw \qäm-−nÂ Cdm-\nse Gähpw kzm[o-\-apÅ ]WvUn-X\pw \nb-a-Ú\pw Ncn-{X-Im-c\pw Fgp-¯p-Im-c-\p-amWv k¿nZv AlvaZv Inkvd-hn. At±lw 1890Â X_vknÂ P\n-¨p. inbm hncp-²-Im-gn-N-¸m-Sp-IÄ ImcWw 1946Â ^Zm-C-bms\ Ckveman (C-kvem-an\p th−n Dgn-ªp-sh-¨-hÀ)sâ A\p-bm-bn-I-fmÂ h[n-¡s¸«p. Ad_n, {^©v, Cw¥o-jv, djy³ `mj-IÄ At±-l-¯n-\-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-¶p. Cdm³ Ncn-{X-s¯bpw kmaqly cm{ãob Pohn-X-s¯bpw kw_-Ôn¨v GXm−v Fgp-

]Xv IrXn-IÄ cNn-¨p-«p-−v. {]apJ IrXn-bmb ‘XmcosJaivdq-Xmlpw’ CXnÂ

s]Sp-¶p. Chbv¡p ]pdsa ‘]À¨w’ F\hv\ Zn\-]{Xhpw ‘ss]am³’ Fs¶mcp tPWepw {]kn-²o-I-cn¨p (F-Un-äÀ).

14. Dkvam-\nbm Jnem-^¯v \ne-\n-¶n-cp¶ Ime¯v tZio-bX Ckvemans\ \in-¸n-¡m-\pÅ km{am-PyXz JUvK-am-bn-cp-¶p. Cw¥o-jp-Im-c-\mb temd³kv Hm^v Atd_y(1888þ1935)bpw ss^kÂ cmPmhpw (`-c-W-Imew 1921þ23)am-bn-cp¶p CXnsâ t\Xm-¡Ä.

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15. emän-\-ta-cn-¡-bnse _p²n-Po-hn-IÄ F§n-s\-bmWv It¯-en¡m aXs¯ hymJym-\n-̈ -Xn-s\-¡p-dn¨v tUm.-i-co-A¯n t_m[-hm-\Ã F¶p hyàw. Hcp ]WvUn-X³ Nq−n-¡m-Wn-̈ -Xp-t]mse ico-A-¯n-bpsS Ckvem-an-t\mSpÅ kao-

]\w “hntam-N-\-im-kv{X-¯nsâ” hmàm-¡-fpsS ss{IkvX-h-aX hyJym-\-¯n\v

kZri-am-sW¶v hmkvX-hw. _Òm³ _màm-cn-bpsS “Religion and Politcs: The middle East and Latin America”Â \n¶v CXv a\-Ê-em-¡mw. ]n.-F-¨.Un {]_-Ôw hnÀPo-\nb kÀh-I-em-ime1984(-F-Un-äÀ).

16. s{]m«-Ìâv t\Xm-¡Ä ]d-bm-dp-−m-bn-cp¶p: “ P\-§tf, Pohn-X-¯nsâ ùXnI hi-§Ä Ah-K-Wn-¡-W-sa-¶pw AXnsâ B´-cnI k¯-bnÂ am{Xta {i² ]Xn-̧ n-¡mhq F¶pw ]qÀ®-ambpw hncàn t\S-W-sa¶vv {InkvXp-aXw Hcn-¡epw \n§-tfm-Sm-h-iy-s -̧«n-«n-Ã. \ap¡v A[n-Im-chpw kmaqln kpc-£n-X-

Xzhpam−m-bmÂ ssZhw kt -́jn-¡p-I-bmWv sN¿p-I.” Npcp-¡-¯nÂ ]nń-cn--̧·mÀ aX-̄ nsâ ]ptcm-K-a-\mß hi-§Ä Acn-In-te¡v ASn-̈ p-Iq«n amän

sh -̈t¸mÄ ]cn-jvIÀ¯m-¡Ä B hi-§Ä DbÀ¯n-¡m-«p-Ibpw {]N-cn-̧ n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. sFlnI PohnX kw_-Ôn-bm-W-h.

17. kqN\ IÀ_em kw -̀hw. lpssk³(-d) cà-km-£nXzw inbm-¡-fpsS apJy

{]tZm-\-am-Wv. ico-A-¯n-bpsS “cà-km£yw” (C-kvem-anIv ût− -j³ {]kv) hmbn-¡p-I. (hnhÀ¯-I³)

18. hn¹hw, \oXn, bp²w F¶o {]iv\-§-fp-ambn Pohn-X-¯nÂ H¶pw sN¿m-\n-Ãm¯ asämcp Cam-ansâ IY XoÀ¨-bmbpw hnj-b-am-hp-Ibpw {]mÀ°-\-IÄ¡v Du¶Â sImSp-¡p-I-bp-am-sW-¦nÂ _p²n-Po-hn-IÄ F¶ \ne-bnÂ \mw kw`-h-§-fpsS Cu ]ptcm-K-a-\mß hi-§-fnÂ Du¶-Ww. {]mÀ°-\hpw hnc-ànbpw {hXhpw Bcm-[-\bpamWv aX-̄ nsâ XqWp-IÄ F¶p ]d-bp-¶-sX-¦nÂ \oXnbpw t\Xr-Xzhpw ka-c-hp-amWv aX-̄ nsâ kvXw -̀§Ä F¶v ]d-ªvsIm−v {]_p² hyàn-IÄ AXns\ FXnÀt¡-− -Xp-−v.

19. JpÀ-B-\nse ‘Jm^n-dp’-I-sfms¡ “aXclnXÀ” AÃ. Cu kqàw {i²n-¡pI:

‘kzÀ®hpw shÅnbpw ]qgv¯n sh¡p-Ibpw Ah ssZh-amÀ¤-¯nÂ hybw sN¿m-Xn-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶-hÀ¡v (ap-l-½-tZ) thZ\m ]qÀ®-ambn Aý-

s¯-¡p-dn¨v \o hmÀ¯-b-dn-bn-¡pI”.(9:34); CXpw “AÃm-lp-hn-sâ ktμi-§-fnÂ Ahn-iz-kn-¡p-Ibpw {]hm-N-I-·msc A\ym-b-ambn sImÃp-Ibpw P\-§-fnÂ \oXn A\p-im-kn-¡p-¶-hsc h[n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶-hsc thZ-\-tb-dnb

in£-sb-¡p-dn¨v hmÀ¯-b-dn-bn-¡p-I.”(9:20)Im^n-dnsâ aX-sa-s´¶p CXnÂ \n¶p {Kln-¡mw. Hcp hi¯v P\-§Ä¡n-S-bnÂ {]hm-N-I-·m-cpsS ]mc-¼cyw \ne-\n-dp-̄ m\pw \oXnbpw ka-Xzhpw kpØm]n-¡p-hm\pw ITn-\-bXv\w sN¿n-¶-h-cm-Wp-Å-Xv. adp-h-i¯v {]hm-N-I-·m-cpsS \oXn¡pw ka-Xz-̄ n\pw FXnsc

\nesImÅp¶-h-cpw. aXw, “\ntj[w” F¶n-h-bnÂ \n¶v Ckvem-ansâ Ncn-{X-]-

chpw hÀ¤m-[n-jvTn-X-hp-amb a\-Ên-em-¡-em-W-nXv. ‘aX-\n-tj-[nsb \o I−pthm?, A\m-Y-Isf B«n-tbm-Sn-¡p-Ibpw AKXn¡v AÀl-X-s¸« Blmcw

sImSp-¡m³ t{]cn-̧ n-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶-h-\m-W-h³” (107þ13).

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