after kahn at iim અમદાવાદ - tdl

AFTER KAHN AT IIMઅમદાવાદArchitecture ThesisRishma Bhatt

AFTER KAHN AT IIMઅમદાવાદArchitecture ThesisRishma Bhatt

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AFTER KAHN AT IIM

_________________________

Rishma Bhatt

APPROVED:

_________________________ William Truit

Commitee Chair

_________________________Meredith Chavez

Second Reader

_________________________Tamler Sommers

Honors Reader

_________________________Patricia Belton Oliver, FAIADean, College of Architecture and Design

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I could not thank my committee members enough for their tireless effort towards my thesis project. William Truitt, Meredith Chavez, and Dr. Tamler Sommers, I could have not done this without your constant help, assistance, and guidance.

To my parents, thank you for doing everything you could and more. Thank you for never giving up on me and helping me gain a deeper and more profound understanding of my heritage. I owe it all to you.

I would also like to thank my friends, family, and classmates for being there during the entire journey and consistently motivating me to always dream bigger.

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ABSTRACT

The whole complicated design with its brick paved walkway and irregular cut thoughts and medium height brick buildings makes reference not to Ahmedabad, but to another city entirely. ( 303-304, Lesser).

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ABSTRACT

Alexandra Tyng describes her father’s design approach at the Indian Institute of Management as

a combination of building typology and program. Library, classrooms, dormitories and teacher’s

residences are designed as separate objects but are organized ‘around the idea of meeting’ in

Tyng’s words.(Tyng,141) She writes that Kahn is also interested in the ‘pols’ of Ahmedabad, the

semi-public alley cluster of homes for a larger family unit, and sought to bring some of the formal

qualities into the organization of the program elements. The formal geometry of forms and voids

make the reading of the informal pol network difficult to read in the final design, however.

This thesis reintroduces the pol network into the geometric campus in order to project

an urban, hybrid habitation of the isolated university, and investigates the problem of

European design sensibilities grafted onto Gujarati space.

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Prospectus

Analyis IIM POL PUBLIC SPACE & USE MANEK CHOWK

Precedents ADALAJ VAV SABARMATI ASHRAM CEPT UNIVERSITY

Design Concept, Strategy

Drawings and Models

Bibliography

CONTENTS

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PROSPECTUS

This thesis reintroduces the pol network into the geometric campus in order to project

an urban, hybrid habitation of the isolated university, and investigates the problem of

European design sensibilities grafted onto Gujarati space.

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SITE ANALYSIS IIM HISTORY

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AHMEDABAD

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B.V. Doshi initially had been appointed to work on the Ahmedabad campus of the Indian Institute of Management (IIM) in 1961, one of the most select business schools in the country.Since international institutions heavily influence IIM Doshi believed he should also hire an international architect. Doshi was instrumental in the hiring of the American architect Louis Kahn as the lead designer of the business school.

Kahn’s designs are known for their monumentality. The campus organizes itself ‘around the idea of meeting’(Tyng, 135). Kahn’s designs are generally known for their monumentality, and the aspirations of the school and the design sensibilties of the architect are a natural fit. Therefore, many public spaces appear throughout the design. The negative space that the large buildings create become the public spaces. The buildings that compose the main plaza are the Sarabhai Library, the classroom halls, and the lecture halls.

The Vikram Sarabhai Library is the prominent on the campus because of the monumentality. The large geometrical voids are used to filter natural light into the reading rooms.

The entry into the campus is also through a large geometrical void that is cut through the library. The entrance faces the monumental Louis Kahn plaza. The area between the library, classroom buildings, and lecture hall creates the Kahn plaza. The classrooms are organized in a longitudinal building located on the southwest side of the library. Kahn’s idea of designing around the idea of meeting reveals itself in voids that he creates between each classroom. The voids intentionally create space in which students engage with one another as well as professors. The intent to create a campus around the idea of meeting embodies itself in different scales throughout the project.

DORMS

CLASSROOMS

LECTURE HALL

PROGRAM CONNECTIVITY

LIBRARY

PLANNED COURTYARDS

CRICKET

ADMIN

TO CAMPUS ADDITION

IIM HISTORYFormal Connectivity

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LOUIS KAHN PLAZA

CLASSRO

OM

S

LECTURE H

ALL

DO

RMS

IIM HISTORYEntry Sequence

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Kahn incorporates elements of the Gujarati pol

neighborhood network within the IIM campus.

One can see this juxtaposition of program elements

within the tight alley space behind the more iconic or

monumental spaces of the university.

Louis Kahn plaza is a planned space, designed to

read as a pol and informal meeting space amongst the

students. The monumentality of the space makes it read

as a formal space. The plaza is opposite of the library,

main lecture, and classroom buildings making it read

as a university quad. These types of formal plazas are

typically not found in other Indian educational spaces.

Whereas, the space created on the other side of the

classroom building is far less organized giving it a

more pol characterstics.

IIM HISTORYQuads vs. Pols

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KAHN PLAZA

POL 2

POL 1

LECTURE

CLASSROOMS

BOOK

S

There are two different areas in this campus that I

indentify as a pol. Both of these areas share the lack

of monumentality found in the Kahn Plaza. These pols

are are located on the rear of important buildings such

as the main library and dorms.

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IIM HISTORYPol #1

LIVING

LEARNING READING LEARNING

LIVING LEARNING

READING

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Pol 1 is located near the entrance of the campus. It located

between the back of the library and the rear side of some

dorm buildings. This pol is different because it has a ramp that

leads up to a platform that becomes a bridge that connects the

platform with the back of other dorms as well as a network that

overlooks Pol 2.

This particular location serves as a pol because there is no

monumentality or formal program that occurs in this area. This

negative space is defined by the existing formal program that

occurs on the boundries of this pol. Currently, the space ramp

and platform don’t serve as any programmatic elements that

enhance the campus.

IIM HISTORYPol #1

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IIM HISTORYPol #2

LIVING

LEARNING

LEARNING LIVING

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IIM HISTORYPol #2

Pol 2 is located on the rear of the classroom space and the rear of

dorm spaces as well. Pol 1 connects to Pol 2 as well. The space

itself begins as a narrow 13’ alley and slowly expands. This area

directly connects to the campus extension allowing it to have a

heavy pedestrian traffic.

This area is currently has some informal program such as a cafe

space and some seating happening. Since there are some social

gatherings occuring in the negative space, it allows the area to

read as a pol.

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SITE ANALYSIS Ahmedabad +

Pols

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MAJOR CONNECTIVITY WITHIN OLD CITY AHMEDABAD KHADVA POL DIAGRAM POLS WITHIN CEPT UNIVERSITY

AHMEDABAD + POLSOld city Ahmedabad

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A Pol is an urban group of single family residential units and

small streets, shrines and open community spaces (otlas)

(Architecure in Development). In the past, pols were specific

to either caste or occupational groups and family, reinforcing a

close community within the space, rather than forming a structure

based on economic status and individuality.There are roughly 50-

60 family units in a pol.

Socially, pols create a strong network amongst the residents

within the gates. Otlas (open community spaces within the pol)

become spaces where informal socializing take place. Since

pols are made of narrow streets, the otlas automatically become

comfortable shaded spots. These informal meeting spots quickly

become occupied by children to and women throughout the day.

Although most of the pols are made up of housing, there are

important family owned commercial spaces nearby as well.

The business aspect of the pol is also crucial in sustaining the

relationships within the pol, ensuring that all the needs of the

residents are met within the gates. (AID, 2014)

POLSWhat is a pol?

SANSKAR KENDRA

SHOPINFORMAL COMMERCIALSTAND

INFORMALGATHERING SPACE

BASIC AHMEDABAD COMMERCIAL AREASECTION

Pol Network

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Single Pol Network

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Layers of a Pol

Wind Direction

Birdhouses

Living

Living

Gathering Space

Businesses

Courtyards

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The houses within the pol are organized along

a narrow street. Side walls of the house tend

to be shared with neighbors. Most pol housing

consists of wooden structure with certain exposed

brick work. The exterior facade of these houses

are heavily carved wooden elements. The

otla’s also serve as the entry platform into the

homes. In many Hindu households otlas also

become religious spaces as well as social spaces.

The interior rooms also tend to be flexible. They

aren’t designed to be fixed programmatic spaces.

Interior spaces are meant to be easily moveable to

accommodate for changing family compositions and

or for seasonal changes. Flexible spaces are key to

any and all spaces in Ahmedabad’s urban typology.

Pol’s essentially have different programmatic

elements that occur on each level. The ground

floor usually becomes courtyard or business areas

for the occupants. The ground level also usually

has gates that are the main and only access points

into these pols. The higher levels hold homes and

more private gathering spaces.These programmatic

elements can be noted on the image on the left.

SHOPINFORMAL

GATHERING SPACEINFORMAL

COMMERCIAL SPACE

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PUBLIC SPACE & USEManek Chowk

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MANEK CHOWK

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Manek Chowk, a primary city square within the Old

City, is predominantly known for its ability to change

uses throughout the day and week. During the early

morning phase it is a vegetable market, during the

afternoon it becomes a jewerly market, and during

the night the space changes into one of the largest

food markets in the city. Manek Chowk highlights

the informality of public spaces within India,

supporting hybrid uses rather than single occupancy.

The unplanned open space and inherent flexibility is

necessary for daily occupation by Hindu, Muslim, and

Jain populations, all of whom live nearby.

Established in the 1400’s, Manek Chowk survives

and is used today as it was originally as a market. The

ability for Manek to change market type throughout

the day satisfies the needs of multiple demographics of

the city. The transformative nature is key to continual

use in the hyper dense Old City.

On the left, the diagrams portray the different types of

commercial uses there are during the day. It shows the

impermanence of the program on the site.

PUBLIC SPACE & USEManek Chowk Through Time

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PUBLIC SPACE & USEManek Chowk Pictures

https://www.tripadvisor.com/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g297608-d4354656-i238639348-Mankechowk_Night_Eatery-Ahmedabad_Ahmedabad_District_Gujarat.html

https://www.expedia.co.in/Manek-Chowk-Ahmedabad-City-Centre.d6106758.Attraction

https://www.expedia.co.in/Manek-Chowk-Ahmedabad-City-Centre.d6106758.Attraction

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PRECEDENTSAdalaj Vav

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Adalaj Vav, the largest and most well known step

well in Gujarat, was built in 1499 by Queen Rudabai.

The underground well serves many purposes. Built

underground to reach the water table, the steps serve

as a public meeting ground, shaded and cooled away

from the semi arid desert heat above. Adalaj Vav serves

multiple different demographics as well as programs.

A water well for centuries, the structure is secular, a

unique attribute for infrastructure in Ahmedabad, and

a location that women from the neighborhood gather

to socialize. Over time, the monumental underground

architecture becomes a sacred space for multiple

religions. Today, the Vav is a heavily visited tourist

location. (Bhavan, 2019)

Phenomenally, Adalaj Vav is known for the intricacies

of light entering the depth of space. A series of beams

frame an open roof filtering light, although direct

sunlight only reaches the lower levels during some

moments in the afternoon. Tyng infers in her book that

Kahn’s design is influenced by “suggesting the ways in

which rays of filtered light enter some of the space on

the campus (Tyng, 147). Adalaj Vav is a precedent that

describes Kahn’s use of geometry in the means of light

infiltration.

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PRECEDENT Adalaj Vav

Adalaj VavPlan

Adalaj VavSection

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PRECEDENTSSabarmati Ashram

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SANSKAR KENDRA

SHOPINFORMAL COMMERCIALSTAND

INFORMALGATHERING SPACE

BASIC AHMEDABAD COMMERCIAL AREASECTION

PRECEDENT Sabarmati Ashram Drawings

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Sabarmati Ashram Museum, is a memorial musuem

dedicated to Mahatama Gandhi. The ashram was

built shortly before Kahn began his own project

in the region. Similarities can be seen in both the

monumentality of the projects as well as the heavy

brick facade on both projects.

Correa amplifies the simplicity of Gandhi’s lifestyle

by keeping a very simple modular system of 6

x 6 meter spaces that vary between covered and

uncovered. These spaces create an area for pause as

well as informal negative spaces. Even with the very

rigid module, there are places of relief within the

design. Unplanned informal spaces still appear time

to time to break the 6x6 module. These voids become

an opportunity for visitors to take a pause and take in

the architectural experience.(Arch Eyes, 2016)

PRECEDENT Sabarmati Ashram & Modules

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PRECEDENTSCept University

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CEPT (The Centre for Environmental Planning

& Technology) University is located close IIM

Ahmedabad and is designed by Balkrishna Doshi.

CEPT serves as an important precedent because

Doshi is heavily influenced by Corbusier and Kahn

interprets their design with a strong linkage back to

Ahmedabad’s unique typology. Kahn’s influence can

be seen in CEPT’s monumentally in certain areas like

library. Corbusier’s influence is see in how some of the

spaces and buildings are lifted off the ground allowing

for there to be a covered outdoor space on the ground

floor that allows for free movement amongst students.

( AD Staff, 2017)

Multiple spaces in the campus are designed to resemble

a pol. Doshi incorporates the elements of pol typology

by creating tight spaces between buildings that are

easily occupiable. There are also many informal

activities that take place within the campus. Compared

to IIM, CEPT is much more informal campus, giving

students the ability to use outside partially designed

spaces integral to formally planned interior classroom

space. Multiple paved and unpaved courtyards allow

for students to socialize in an intimate manner.

PRECEDENT Cept University & Doshi

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PRECEDENT Cept University/Informal Meeting

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There are certain areas in this campus that read

like as a pol. These areas are narrow spaces created

by the edges of formal classroom buildings.

The campus utilitzes these spaces are informal

gathering spaces by filling them with temporary

art exhbitions and cafe spaces. The ‘pol’ like

areas also have seating which promotes the usage

of these areas.

PRECEDENT Cept University & Pols

When visiting these areas, they were often filled

with students. Areas with characteristics tend

to encourage social gatherings and elevate the

campus experience as well.

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PRECEDENT Cept University & Pols

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PROGRAM

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The program proposes to incorporate dorms,

classrooms spaces and a flexible marketplace. To

accommodate the needs of a growing student body,

IIM’s campus expanded in various directions around

the original. Dorms and classroom spaces are the first

programs that were added in the expansion. Enough

void space exists in the original campus for there to

extra dorms and classroom spaces to be added. This

program proposes to build the dorms, classrooms, and

flexible marketplace within the original campus in the

voids that Kahn’s geometrical design creates.

By adding the dorm and marketplace programs, it

brings pol like characteristics into the university

because it mimics the residential and commericial

relationship that is seen in the Old City. After studying

Manek Chowk and the characteristics of pol housing,

having a flexible and multifaceted space is crucial. The

residential spaces in the pol do not have set programs

for each specific room, they change according to the

needs of the residence. The ability to be transitional is

an important characteristic to bring into the design of

the dorms.

The same applies to the market space as well. Manek

chowk operates throughout the entire day, changing the

program according to what is at need. This marketplace

should accommodate the needs of the students

throughout the day, changing and manifesting into

whatever is of need.

This program proposes also to bring classroom spaces

into the the mixed use. As the university expands the

need of more classroom spaces also increase. In a pol,

the main idea is for all the residents to have everything

they need within the gates of the community, therefore

it also makes sense to add all the program the students

need within the same vicinity.

4 Classrooms

3 Offices

12 Dorms

Flexiable Marketplace

1 @ 1,000 sq ft.

1 @ 1,800 sq ft.

1 @ 130 sq ft.

9,000 sq ft.

PROGRAM Proposed Thesis Program

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DESIGN CONCEPT

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DESIGN CONCEPT Site Constraints

The site is constrained on both sides by existing buildings. The area

that is left in the middle is what I consider as the pol # 2. This site is

constricted by different architectural elements( such as the circular

ramp above) that extends out onto the site. These elements as well as

some of the informal activities occuring in the site make it a dense

area. These constraints are the main reasons as to why the modules

are elevated, It allows for the area underneath to be free and not

cramped.

The site is essentially a long narrow alley that has formal programs

happening on the edges and informal program existing within. This

area of the campus is prodominantly where the most of the social

interacion occurs currently.

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The main organization of this site is meant to follow that one of

a pol. The ground level will serve as public area. As the design

moves vertically, it becomes more private. The ground area

serves as a market space. The site currently engages both the

entry to the orginal campus and also serves as a connection to the

campus extension. It is organized in a very linear manner.

The modules that I impliment all connect to existing living or

learning buidlings. Module 1 contains only dorm rooms that

connect to the existing services. Module 2 and 3 contain both

dorms and classroom spaces. The classrooms connect directly

with the existing classrooms while the dorms connect to the

existing services. Module 4 is all classrooms and connects

directly into an existing classroom. All the modules are also

lifted off the ground allowing the area underneath to serve as

an informal market space. It also allows the areas beneath the

modules to also serve as comfortable shaded social areas.

DESIGN CONCEPT Organizational Strategy

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DESIGN CONCEPT Programmatic

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The site is bordered by classroom and dorms. The negative

space that happens between the two holds existing informal

usage such as a cafe space and some seating areas.

With my project, I propose pushing the existing programs

into my site. My modules contain classrooms and dorms that

connect into the existing service areas. The modules all also

include courtyards. Courtyards are an important characteristic

and they exist throughout most levels of a pol. Therefore, the

dorms and classrooms are broken and separated by interior

courtyards. The co-existing of all these programs within such

a constrained site really exemplifies the notion of a pol.

The elevation of the modules allows for the space under to

serve as a market. The market spaces are also divided into

different purposes. The area between module 1 & 2 serves as

a textile market. Module 3 serves as a cafe space, and module

4 becomes a vegetable market.

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DRAWING AND MODELS

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DRAWING AND MODELS Process Work

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DRAWING AND MODELS Site Plan Parti

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DRAWING AND MODELS Site Plan

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DRAWING AND MODELS Iso Plan

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DRAWING AND MODELS Module Drawing

TEXTILE MARKET

TEXTILE MARKET

CAFE

VEGETABLE MARKET

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DRAWING AND MODELS Module 2 Section

EXISTINGCLASSROOM

EXISTINGDORMS

TEXTILE MARKET

BALCONYCOURTYARD

CLASSROOMMODULE 2

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DRAWING AND MODELS Textile Market

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EXISTINGCLASSROOM

EXISTINGDORM

LIVING MODULE 3CAFE SPACE PLANTERS

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DRAWING AND MODELS Cafe

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EXISTINGCLASSROOM

CLASSROOMMODULE 4

COURTYARDMODULE 4

EXISTING DORM

VEGETABLE MARKET

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DRAWING AND MODELS Vegetable Market Perpective

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DRAWING AND MODELS Module 3 + 4 Area

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DRAWING AND MODELS Overall Aereal

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Online Sources“Ahmedabad Pol Houses & Temples, India: Architectural Drawings.” CEPT Archives, http://www.ceptarchives.org/items/ahmedabad-pol-houses-temples-1145.“AID - Pol Houses (Residential Cluster).” Architecture In Development - Homepage, https://www.architecturein-development.org/project.php?id=492.“Www.grandpixels.com. “Architecture of Ahmedabad.” Earthitecture, 1 Jan. 1964, earthitecture.in/architec-ture-of-ahmedabad/.”“CEPT University, Ahmedabad Images and Videos 2020.” GetMyUni, https://www.getmyuni.com/college/cept-uni-versity-ahmedabad-images-videos.“Gandhi Memorial Museum (Sabarmati Ashram) / Charles Correa ArchEyes.” ArchEyes, 15 Sept. 2016, http://archeyes.com/sabarmati-ashram-museum-gandhi-residence-charles-correa/.“Gandhi Memorial Museum (Sabarmati Ashram) / Charles Correa ArchEyes.” ArchEyes, 15 Sept. 2016, http://archeyes.com/sabarmati-ashram-museum-gandhi-residence-charles-correa/.Kroll, Andrew. “AD Classics: Indian Institute of Management / Louis Kahn.” ArchDaily, ArchDaily, 25 Oct. 2010, https://www.archdaily.com/83697/ad-classics-indian-institute-of-management-louis-kahn.Lesser, Wendy. You Say to Brick: the Life of Louis Kahn. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2017.“Lost Heritage of Jethabhai Ni Pol.” CEPT Portfolio, https://portfolio.cept.ac.in/archive/lost-heritage-of-jethabhai-ni-pol/.“Manek Chowk - Ahmedabad City Centre Expedia.co.in.” Expedia.co.in, https://www.expedia.co.in/Manek-Chowk-Ahmedabad-City-Centre.d6106758.Attraction.“Manek Chowk Food Court at NIght - Picture of Mankechowk Night Eatery, Ahmedabad.” TripAdvisor, https://www.tripadvisor.com/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g297608-d4354656-i238639348-Mankechowk_Night_Eat-ery-Ahmedabad_Ahmedabad_District_Gujarat.html.Nehru, Jawaharlal. The Discovery of India. Meridian Books.Staff, AD. “BV Doshi Special: Iwan Baan Photographs the Architect’s Most Iconic Architecture.” Architectural Digest India, Architectural Digest India, 30 July 2018, https://www.architecturaldigest.in/content/bv-doshi-iconic-architecture-iwan-baan/.

WORK CITED

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REFRENCES

Online Sources“Ahmedabad Pol Houses & Temples, India: Architectural Drawings.” CEPT Archives, http://www.ceptarchives.org/items/ahmedabad-pol-houses-temples-1145.“AID - Pol Houses (Residential Cluster).” Architecture In Development - Homepage, https://www.architecturein-development.org/project.php?id=492.“Www.grandpixels.com. “Architecture of Ahmedabad.” Earthitecture, 1 Jan. 1964, earthitecture.in/architec-ture-of-ahmedabad/.”“CEPT University, Ahmedabad Images and Videos 2020.” GetMyUni, https://www.getmyuni.com/college/cept-uni-versity-ahmedabad-images-videos.“Gandhi Memorial Museum (Sabarmati Ashram) / Charles Correa ArchEyes.” ArchEyes, 15 Sept. 2016, http://archeyes.com/sabarmati-ashram-museum-gandhi-residence-charles-correa/.“Gandhi Memorial Museum (Sabarmati Ashram) / Charles Correa ArchEyes.” ArchEyes, 15 Sept. 2016, http://archeyes.com/sabarmati-ashram-museum-gandhi-residence-charles-correa/.Kroll, Andrew. “AD Classics: Indian Institute of Management / Louis Kahn.” ArchDaily, ArchDaily, 25 Oct. 2010, https://www.archdaily.com/83697/ad-classics-indian-institute-of-management-louis-kahn.Lesser, Wendy. You Say to Brick: the Life of Louis Kahn. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2017.“Lost Heritage of Jethabhai Ni Pol.” CEPT Portfolio, https://portfolio.cept.ac.in/archive/lost-heritage-of-jethabhai-ni-pol/.“Manek Chowk - Ahmedabad City Centre Expedia.co.in.” Expedia.co.in, https://www.expedia.co.in/Manek-Chowk-Ahmedabad-City-Centre.d6106758.Attraction.“Manek Chowk Food Court at NIght - Picture of Mankechowk Night Eatery, Ahmedabad.” TripAdvisor, https://www.tripadvisor.com/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g297608-d4354656-i238639348-Mankechowk_Night_Eat-ery-Ahmedabad_Ahmedabad_District_Gujarat.html.Nehru, Jawaharlal. The Discovery of India. Meridian Books.Staff, AD. “BV Doshi Special: Iwan Baan Photographs the Architect’s Most Iconic Architecture.” Architectural Digest India, Architectural Digest India, 30 July 2018, https://www.architecturaldigest.in/content/bv-doshi-iconic-architecture-iwan-baan/.

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