anita permatasari 0506008 perancangan sistem informasi pemesanan kamar berbasis web menggunakan...

7/23/2019 Anita Permatasari 0506008 PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI PEMESANAN KAMAR BERBASIS WEB MENGGUNAKA

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RD_MHJMHEMH ZCZPDN CHAI_NMZC RDNDZMHMH

LMNM_ OD_OMZCZ UDO NDHEETHMLMH RDH@DLMPMH

IOKDL I_CDHPD@ @DHEMH THCACD@ MRR_IMJF

&Zpt`c Lmztz `c _dzip Omhst Mgmn Emrtp#

PTEMZ MLFC_

@cmktlmh thptl ndndhtfc zmgmf zmpt zsmmp ldgtgtzmh rm`m riemn zpt`cZpmpm = &Z=# Kttzmh PdlhclChainmpclm

@cztzth igdf ; MHCPM

RD_NMPMZM_C H_R;

2421226

KT_TZMH PDLHCL CHAI_NMPCLM

ZDLIGMF PCHEEC PDLHIGIEC EM_TP

?2==

C@H; 22?3=?542=


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MHCPM RD_NMPMZM_C' 2421226

Rdmhjmhemh Zczpdn Chainmzc Rdndzmhmh Lmnm Odomzcz Udo Ndheethmlmh

Rdh`dlmpmh Iokdjp Icdhpd` `dhemh Thcacd` Mrrimjf&Zpt`c lmztz `c _dzip

Omhst Mgmn Emtp#

@comumf ocnochemh Omrml Ria( @_( F( Ntfmnnm` Mgc _mn`fmhc' zdomemc

@izdh Rdnocnoche C `mh Cot _`( @chc @dzpcmhc ZA(' @m(' NP('zdomemc

Rdnocnoche CC

?=3 fmg,vcv)=0= emnom)4= pmodg)=1 `mapm rtzpmlm)5= gmnrcmh

MOZP_ML

Rdmhjmhemh Zczpdn Chainmzc Rdndzmhmh Lmnm Odomzcz Udo `c _dzip Omhst Mgmn

Emtp ndtrmlmh zmgmf zmpt rdhemrgclmzcmh zczpdn smhe pdlinrtpdczmzc `mgmn oc`mhe pdlhigiec

chainmzc ndgmgtc chpdhdp( Chpdhdp rm`m zmmp chc pdgmf odldnomhe `mgmn rdnmhammpmhhsm' pc`ml

fmhsm thptl odlinthclmzc ndgmchlmh `ckm`clmh zdotmf nd`cm rdnmzmmh zdotmf kmzm mpmtrth

ri`tl( _dzip Omhst Mgmn ndtrmlmh dzip omt smhe odgtn ndncgclc nd`cm rinizc ndgmgtc

chpdhdp' nmlm `dhemh rdnotmpmh udo `c chpdhdp mlmh ndhkm`c zmgmf zmpt jmm dadlpca `mgmn

zpmpdec rdnmzmmhhsm( @cgmpmodgmlmhec igdf Omhsmlhsm jmgih pmnt smhe pc`ml ndhedpmftc

ldpdzd`cmmh lmnm smhe nddlm chechlmh' pmnt fmtz `mpmhe gmhezthe mpmt ndgmgtc pdgdrih

mrmocgm nmt ndndzmh lmnm smhe ndnotptflmh umlpt `mh ocmsm' `mh pmnt pc`ml ndhedpmftc

pcrd.pcrd zdpm fmem zdum lmnm smhe `cncgclc dzip Omhst Mgmn(

M`mrth ptktmh `mc rdmhjmhemh zczpdn chc m`mgmf ndmhjmhe zczpdn chainmzc

rdndzmhmh lmnm odomzcz udo `c _dzip Omhst Mgmn Jcrmhmz Emtp' zdomemc nd`cm mpmt zmmhm

chainmzc zdntm amzcgcpmz zdpm ldpdzd`cmmh lmnm smhe `c chechlmh' zdfcheem rdhethkthe oczm

`dhemh nt`mf `mh jdrmp ndndzmh lmnm `c _dzip Omhst Mgmn(

Ndpi`d rdmhjmhemh zczpdn smhe `cethmlmh `mgmn Ptemz Mlfc chc ndtrmlmh

ndpi`igiec odicdhpmzc iokdl smcpt Thcacd` Mrrimjf &TM# `cldntlmlmh igdf Mgc Omfmnc

&=333# smhe pd`cc `mc pmfmrmh.pmfmrmh Iokdjp Icdhpd` Mhmgszcz &IIM# `mh Iokdjp Icdhpd`

@dzceh &II@#' zdpm ndheethmlmh Thcacd` Ni`dggche Gmhetmed &TNG# thptl ndni`dglmh

ldotptfmh zczpdn( Pmfmrmh.pmfmrmh smhe `cgmgtc `mgmn rizdz mhmgczcz `mh rdmhjmhemh zczpdn

mhmpmm gmch' c`dhpcaclmzc mlpi' rdhednomhemh mjpcqcps cmemn' rdhednomhemh tzd jmzd `cmemn'

rdhednomhemh chpdmjpcih `cmemn &zd}tdhjd `cmemn#' rdhednomhemh jgmzz `cmemn'

rdmhjmhemh gmsd mlzdz' `mh rdmhjmhemh gmsd mhpmntlm(@mc fmzcg mhmgczcz `mh `dzmch smhe `cgmltlmh `c _dzip Omhst Mgmn mlfchsm `mrmp

`cpmcl ldzcnrtgmh omfum `dhemh mhmgczcz rdni`dgmh iokdjp icdhpd` ndheethmlmh thcacd`

mrrimjf `crdigdf jgmzz.jgmzz smhe `cotptflmh igdf zczpdn smhe mlmh `cmhjmhe `cmhpmmhsm

jgmzz `mpm pmnt' jgmzz pmhzmlzc' jgmzz `mpm lmnm' `mh jgmzz gmrimh' ldgmz.ldgmz smhe

pdc`dhpcaclmzc `mc pmfmr mhmgczcz `clmkc tgmhe `mc zczc mpcotp zdpm ndpfi`.ndpfi`hsm rm`m

nmzche.nmzche ldgmz `dhemh ndhmnomflmh ododmrm chainmzc rm`m nmzche.nmzche mpcotp `mh

ndpfi` odtrm qczcocgcpmz' zdpm thptl mpcotp `cpmnomflmh chainmzc pcrd `mpm nmzche.nmzche

mpcotp' `mh `mc fmzcg pmfmr rdmhjmhemh gmsd mlzdz `mh gmsd mhpmntlm smhe `cmhjmhe

od`mzmlmh jgmzz `cmemn rm`m pmfmr zdodgtnhsm `mrmp ndhmnrcglmh chainmzc tpmnm pdhpmhe

_dzip Omhst Mgmn(

Lmpm Lthjc; Udo' Rdndzmhmh Lmnm' Thcacd` Mrrimjf &TM# ' Thcacd` Ni`dggche Gmhetmed

&TNG#


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OMO C

RDH@MFTGTMH

=(= Gmpm Odgmlmhe Nmzmgmf

Zdlpi rmcuczmpm ndtrmlmh zmgmf zmpt ztnod `dqczm hdemm smhe pdgmf

ndnodclmh ztnomhemh smhe jtltr odzm rm`m ldtmhemh hdemm' zdfcheem zdlpi

rmcuczmpm chc rdgt `cldnomhelmh( Rdtzmfmmh rdfipdgmh smhe ndtrmlmh zmgmf

zmpt omecmh `mc zdlpi rmcuczmpm ndhemgmnc rdptnotfmh' smhe `crdgcfmplmh

`dhemh zdnmlch omhsmlhsm ch`tzpc rmcuczmpm `mh rdhednomhemh fipdg( Zmgmf

zmpthsm m`mgmf pdnrmp uczmpm smhe odm`m `c Lmotrmpdh Emtp smhe pdldhmg

`dhemh hmnm Jcrmhmz(

Jcrmhmz smhe odm`m `c Lmotrmpdh Emtp `cldhmg zdkml mumg mom` ?2

`dhemh omhsml `cztlmc rmm ptcz mzche `mc Dirm `mh Mndclm' zdfcheem rm`m

zmmp cpt Lmotrmpdh Emtp pdldhmg `dhemh zdotpmh Zuczz Qmh Kmqm( Zmnrmc zmmp

chc Jcrmhmz `ckm`clmh zdotmf cjih igdf @chmz Rmcuczmpm Emtp lmdhm mchsm smhe

rmhmz ndhkm`c mc rmhmz smhe rmgche odhche `c zdgttf ch`ihdzcm( Mc rmhmz `c

Jcrmhmz ztfthsm oczm ndhjmrmc 03J `dhemh ztnod mc odmzmg `mc Eththe

Ethpt( Jcrmhmz pdgdpml zdlcpm 1 ln `mc rtzmp lipm Emtp' `dhemh mlzdz

pmhzripmzc ndheethmlmh mheltpmh tntn 20 kttzmh Emtp Lipm.Jcrmhmz' `mh

mheltpmh pm`czcihmg `dhemh hmnm @dgnmh( Zdjmm m`nchczpmzc ompmz ucgmsmf

uczmpm Jcrmhmz `c ompmzc igdf 0 Ldgtmfmh mpmt `dzm' `dhemh ompmzmh m`nchczpmzc

zdomemc odcltp ;

Omecmh Tpmm ; @dzm Rmzmumfmh

Omecmh Zdgmpmh ; Ldjmnmpmh Omsiheoihe

Omecmh Pcnt ; @dzm _mhjmomhei

Omecmh Ommp ; Ldjmnmpmh Pmieihe

Iokdl uczmpm jcrmhmz pd`cc `mc ododmrm amzcgcpmz' smcpt Fipdg odochpmhe'

rdhechmrmh' _dzip' ligmn dhmhe' dzpmtmhp' `mh Rdnmhjchemh( Omsmlhsm

rdhethkthe smhe od`mpmhemh omcl uczmpmumh gilmg mpmtrth mzche' nmlm

Rdndchpmf `mdmf ndnailtzlmh `mgmn zdec rdhednomhemh omcl `mc zdlpi


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uczmpmhsm mpmtrth `mc zdlpi chqdzpihsm zdfcheem rmm uczmpmumh smhe

odlthkthe pc`ml ndmzm `cteclmh `dhemh rdhtfhsm pdnrmp.pdnrmp rdhechmrmh

mpmtrth amzcgcpmz gmchhsm( Ktngmf fipdg odochpmhe' dzip `mh rdhechmrmh odldgmz

`c Jcrmhmz nmzcf odktngmf zd`clcp( Fipdg' dzip `mh rdhechmrmh smhe odgilmzc

`c Jcrmhmz Emtp `mrmp `cgcfmp rm`m pmodg = odcltp chc ;

Pmodg =(= @mpm Fipdg smhe Pd`mrmp `c Jcrmhmz Emtp

Hmnm Fipdg Ktngmf Lmnmr Hmnm Fipdg Ktngmf Lmnmr

Pcpm Emheem 02 Pcpm Zmc 6

Lmnrthe Ztnod Mgmn 1? Rtzrmzmc 5

Mtetzpm 44 Pmtnmhmemm ==Zmo`m Mgmn _dzip :0 Gdnot Ltche ?=

@mhmt @mc{m 04 Jcrpm Odgm ?2

_dzip Omhst Mgmn :2 Jcrpm _mzm ?4

Jcrmhmz Ch`mf ?= Mhpmgchm =?

Pcpm Ndpm = =? Fmhktmhe 4

Pcpm Ndpm ? =6 Lthcm Mpm 4

Jcrpm Odgm = =2 M`c Pcpm Ndpm 1

Jcrpm Odgm ? =2 M}tmctz 3

RihìlUtgmh`mc =: Gtechm =0

Pcpm Mgmn =3 Rtpm Gtechm =2

Htemfm =5 Rtomzmc 1

_mfmst =? Rtpm Rtzmlm 6

RihìlNdgmpc 4 RihìlMzc =2

Rtzmlm 5 Omhst Mpm =?

Omhst Ldhjmhm =2 Mkczmlm 4

Jdhpm Ldhjmhm =2

KTNGMF PIPMG LMNM_ 1?0

Ztnod ; @mpm Ldjmnmpmh Pmieihe Lmgd' Kmhtmc ?2=2


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Zdnmlch odldnomhehsm rdnomhethmh fipdg `mh dzip `c Jcrmhmz Emtp

ndtrmlmh zdotmf rdnotlpcmh rdhednomhemh `mdmf uczmpm smhe `c pthktlmh

igdf @chmz Rmcuczmpm Emtp thptl ndnamzcgcpmzc ldhsmnmhmh `mh ldmnmhmh rmm

rdhethkthe smhe omhsml od`mpmhemh ld Jcrmhmz( Uczmpmumh smhe odlthkthe

pdtpmnm rmm uczmpmumh gilmg zdgmgt `mpmhe odgcrmp emh`m ld Jcrmhmz rm`m zmmp

fmc gcot zdrdpc fmc Ktnmp zmnrmc fmc Zmopt mpmt rm`m fmc.fmc odzm `mh fmc

gcot rmhkmhe mhml zdligmf' zdfcheem ndnotmp kmgmhmh `c zdlcpmhsm nmjdp `c

`mpmhec rdhethkthe( Omhsmlhsm rdhethkthe smhe fdh`ml ndhclnmpc uczmpm `c

Jcrmhmz zdche lmgc ndnotmp zdntm fipdg `c Jcrmhmz ndhkm`c rdhtf zdfcheem

rmm uczmpmumh omsml smhe pc`ml ldomecmh rdhechmrmh mpmt fipdg(

Rdnmzmgmfmh `c mpmz pdhpthsm fmtz zdedm `c mhpczcrmzc thptl

ldhsmnmhmh rmm rdhethkthe zdfcheem rmm rdhethkthe pc`ml rdgt oddotpmh

`mgmn ndgmltlmh rdndzmhmh lmnm( Mhpczcrmzc rm`m zdotmf zczpdn rm`m zmmp chc

zdche lmgc ndheethmlmh zdotmf ldnmktmh pdlhigiec' pdtpmnm ldnmktmh

pdlhigiec linrtpdczmzc( Zdcche `dhemh rdldnomhemh {mnmh `mh cgnt

rdhedpmftmh nmlm chpdhdp rm`m zmmp chc nmml `cethmlmh igdf odomemc lmgmhemh

`mc ntgmc rdgmkm' fcheem rmm imhe ptm `dhemh ptktmh pdpdhpt smhe `cchechlmh(

Chpdhdp rm`m zmmp chc pdgmf odldnomhe `mgmn rdnmhammpmhhsm' pc`ml fmhsm thptl

odlinthclmzc ndgmchlmh `ckm`clmh zdotmf nd`cm rdnmzmmh zdotmf kmzm mpmtrth

ri`tl smhe fdh`ml `crinizclmh ldrm`m nmzsmmlmp tntn( Rdheethm chpdhdp

oczm `dhemh nt`mf ndhjmc chainmzc ndhedhmc odomemc nmjmn ldotptfmh

ntgmc `mc ldotptfmh rcnd fcheem ldotptfmh rdgdhelmr' zdpm ndgmltlmh

rdndzmhmh ommhe mpmt kmzm fcheem ndgmltlmh pmhzmlzc ndgmgtc nd`cm chpdhdp(

Chpdhdp `mrmp `cpthkmhe igdf zmgmf zmpt ztnod chainmzc smhe `chmnmlmh

mrgclmzc udo smhe pdgmf omhsml `cethmlmh( Odomemc mrgclmzc udo `cotmp `dhemh

ptktmh mem rdnmlmc `mrmp odchpdmlzc `dhemh rdhsd`cm chainmzc `dhemh nt`mf

`mh jdrmp ndgmgtc `thcm chpdhdp( Mrgclmzc udo pc`ml gmec pdompmz zdomemc rdnodc

chainmzc smhe zpmpcz' ndgmchlmh ktem nmnrt ndnodclmh chainmzc smhe

odtomf zdjmm `chmncz `dhemh jmm ndgmltlmh lihdlzc pdfm`mr `mpm omzd(

Lihpdlz `c mpmz `mrmp ndhkm`clmh chpdhdp zdomemc zmgmf zmpt nd`cm

rdnmzmmh smhe dadlpca `mgmn ndnrinizclmh zdotmf ri`tl mpmt kmzm( Chpdhdp


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rth `mrmp `ckm`clmh zmmhm thptl ndgmltlmh rizdz `mgmn odpmhzmlzc' pdtpmnm

thptl zmmhm rdndzmhmh lmnm zdjmm ih.gchd( _dzip Omhst Mgmn ndtrmlmh

dzip omt smhe odgtn ndncgclc nd`cm rinizc ndgmgtc chpdhdp' nmlm `dhemh

rdnotmpmh udo `c chpdhdp mlmh ndhkm`c zmgmf zmpt jmm dadlpca `mgmn zpmpdec

rdnmzmmhhsm( Thptl ndnrdnt`mf lihztndh `mgmn fmg ndgmltlmh rdndzmhmh

lmnm' nmlm `cmhjmhegmf zdotmf zczpdn rdndzmhmh lmnm odomzcz udo(

Zdfcheem lihztndh oczm `dhemh nt`mf ndndzmh lmnm pmhrm fmtz ndh`mpmhec

gmhezthe ld _dzip Omhst Mgmn( Zdgmch thptl ndnrdnt`mf rdndzmhmh lmnm'

zczpdn rdndzmhmh lmnm odomzcz udo `mrmp ndnotmp rdhethkthe mem oczm

ndhedpmftc pcrd.pcrd zdpm amzcgcpmz smhe pd`mrmp rm`m zdpcmr lmnm `mh

ndhedpmftc ldpdzd`cmmh lmnm smhe `chechlmh( Rdmhjmhemh zczpdn chc rdgt

m`mhsm ndpi`d thptl ndhemhmgczcz `mh ndh`dzmch zdotmf zczpdn( Lmdhm zczpdn

smhe omcl fmtz ndheethmlmh ndpi`d.ndpi`d smhe mlmh `ckm`clmh zdomemc

rdmhjmhemh zczpdn(

@mgmn ndhemhmgczcz `mh ndh`dzmch rdmhelmp zczpdn chainmzc `crdgtlmh

ztmpt rdh`dlmpmh smhe `mrmp `cethmlmh `mgmn ndndjmflmh nmzmgmf( Rdh`dlmpmh

smhe tntn `cethmlmh rm`m zmmp chc `c mhpmmhsm rdh`dlmpmh lihqdhzcihmg' `mh

rdh`dlmpmh odicdhpmzc iokdl( Ld`tm rdh`dlmpmh pdzdotp ndncgclc ldgdocfmh

nmzche.nmzche' hmnth rdncgcfmh rdh`dlmpmh smhe pdrmp mlmh ndnrdhemtfc

ldzdnrthmmh fmzcg( Ldgdnmfmh rm`m rdh`dlmpmh lihqdhzcihmg smcpt

rdheiemhczmzcmh `mpm `dhemh piig tpmnm `mh rdheiemhczmzcmh athezchsm zmhemp

gdnmf rm`m ndpi`d mhmgczcz `mpmhsm( Odod`m `dhemh rdh`dlmpmh odicdhpmzc

iokdl rm`m pmfmr mhmgczcz `mh rdmhjmhemh zczpdnhsm `mrmp ndhempmzc ldgdnmfmh

`mc rdheethmmh ndpi`d lihqdhzcihmg' lmdhm `mpm `mh athezc `c zdpmmlmh zdpm

`czmptlmh rm`m smhe `chmnmlmh iokdl' zdfcheem `mrmp ndhefmzcglmh zczpdn smhe

gdocf agdlzcodg `mh nt`mf `crdgcfmm(

@mc odomemc ndpiìgiec smhe pd`mrmp rm`m lihzdr rdhednomhemh

zczpdn odicdhpmzc iokdl' zmgmf zmpthsm smcpt ndpiìgiec Thcacd` Mrrimjf &TM#(

Ndpiìgiec Thcacd` Mrrimjf &TM# `c`mzmc rm`m ndpiìgiec Oiijf' _tnomtef

`mh Kmjiozih smhe pdemothe `mgmn Iokdjp Nmhmedndhp Eitr &INE#( M`mrth

hipmzc smhe `cethmlmh rm`m ndpiìgiec chc m`mgmf `dhemh ndheethmlmh Thcacd`


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Ni`dgche Gmhetmhed &TNG#( Thcacd` Ni`dgche Gmhetmhed &TNG# m`mgmf zdotmf

omfmzm rdni`dgmh zpmh`m `mgmn fmg ndnqcztmgczmzclmh' ndmhjmhe `mh

ndhìltndhpmzclmh zczpdn rdmhelmp gthml `mh linrihdh.linrihdhhsm smhe

`cethmlmh rm`m ndpiìgiec odicdhpmzc iokdl(

@mc rdhkdgmzmh `c mpmz' `mgmn rdhstzthmh ptemz mlfc chc rdhstzth

ndheethmlmh Thcacd` Mrrimjf &TM# zdomemc ndpiìgiec odicdhpmzc iokdl

thptl ndhemhmgczcz `mh ndh dzmch zdotmf zczpdn( M mrth kt`tg smhe rdhstzth

ethmlmh m`mgmf RD_MHJMHEMH ZCZPDN CHAI_NMZC RDNDZMHMH

LMNM_ ODOMZCZ UDO NDHEETHMLMH RDH@DLMPMH IOKDJP

I_CDHPD@ @DHEMH THCACD@ MRR_IMJF &Zpt`c Lmztz `c _dzip Omhst

Mgmn Emrtp#(

=(? C`dhpcaclmzc Nmzmgmf

@mgmn rdmhjmhemh zczpdn chainmzc rdndzmhmh lmnm odomzcz udo

pd`mrmp ododmrm rdnmzmgmfmh smhe `mrmp `cc`dhpcaclmzc' mhpmm gmch;

=( Omhsmlhsm jmgih pmnt smhe pc`ml ndhedpmftc ldpdzd cmmh lmnm smhe

nddlm chechlmh(

?( Pmnt ndndzmh lmnm fmtz `mpmhe gmhezthe mpmt ndgmgtc pdgdrih smhe

ndnotptflmh umlpt `mh ocmsm(

:( Pmnt pc ml ndhedpmftc pcrd.pcrd lmnm smhe `cncgclc dzip Omhst Mgmn

zdpm fmem zdum lmnm(

=(: Ptktmh Rdhdgcpcmh

Ptktmh `mc rdhstzthmh ptemz mlfc chc m`mgmf ndmhjmhe zczpdn chainmzc

rdndzmhmh lmnm odomzcz udo `c _dzip Omhst Mgmn Jcrmhmz Emtp' zdomemc

nd`cm mpmt zmmhm chainmzc zdntm amzcgcpmz zdpm ldpdzd`cmmh lmnm smhe `c

chechlmh' zdfcheem mrmocgm zczpdn chc `cpdmrlmh rdhethkthe oczm `dhemh nt`mf

`mh jdrmp ndndzmh lmnm `c _dzip Omhst Mgmn(


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=(0 Rdnompmzmh Nmzmgmf

Rdmhjmhemh zczpdn chainmzc rdndzmhmh lmnm odomzcz udo chc `c ompmzc

mpmz fmg.fmg zdomemc odcltp ;

m( _tmhe gcheltr rdnomfmzmh m`mgmf fmhsm rm`m rdndzmhmh lmnm `mc

odomemc pcrd `mh smhe `czcntgmzclmh rdndzmhmh lmnm `dhemh jihpif

fmem uddl`ms(

o( Rdndzmhmh lmnm `cgmltlmh zdjmm ih.gchd smcpt ndgmgtc udozcpd(

j( Zdntm pmhzmlzc rdndzmhmh lmnm smhe zt`mf `cgmltlmh pmnt mlmh

pdzcnrmh rm`m fczpis dzdqmzc pmnt &ndnod#(

`( Rdnomsmmh `cgmltlmh `dhemh pmhzad ndgmgtc Omhl OJM' jmm

rdnomsmmh pdzdotp fmhsm odtrm zcntgmzc(

d( Lihacnmzc rdndzmhmh ndgmgtc mgmnmp dnmcg chaiBomhstmgmn(jin'

mgmnmp dnmcg pdzdotp fmhsm odtrm jihpif mgmnmp dnmcg(

a( Gmrimh smhe `cfmzcglmh `mc zczpdn m`mgmf odtrm gmrimh fmzcg

rdndzmhmh lmnm fmcmh(

e( Ndpi`d smhe `cethmlmh `mgmn rdhednomhemh zczpdn chc smcpt `dhemh

Thcacd` Mrrimjf &TM# `mc Mgc Omfmnc &=333# smhe pd`cc rm`m pmfmr

mhmgczcz zdpm rdmhjmhemh(

f( Pmfmr mhmgczcz `mh rdmhjmhemh zczpdn ndheethmlmh omfmzm rdni`dgmh

Thcacd` Ni`dggche Gmhetmed &TNG# `dhemh ndheethmlmh ziapumd

_mpcihmg _izd(

c( Zczpdn cotmp `dhemh ndheethmlmh omfmzm rdniemnmh RFR thptl

chpdamjd riemn `mh NsZ]G 4(2 Jinthcps zdomemc `mpmomzd(

k( Udo zdqd ndheethmlmh ziapumd vmnrr `mh thptl ndhetkc zczpdn

`cgmltlmh rm`m gijmgfizp(
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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=(4 Ldmhelm Rdnclcrmh

Dm egiomgczmzc ndnomum `mnrml rizcpca omec rdldnomhemh pdlhigiec'

lftztzhsm pdlhigiec linrtpdczmzc( Zczpdn linrtpdczmzc `mrmp `c km`clmh

zdomemc iokdl smhe oczm ndnrdnt`mf ldecmpmh nmhtzcm `mgmn odomemc oc`mhe

ldfc`trmh zdrdpc ; oc`mhe rdh`c`clmh' oc`mhe rd`memhemh' oc`mhe ldzdfmpmh'

oc`mhe rdgmsmhmh kmzm `mh ldecmpmh tpch gmchhsm smhe ocmzm `cgmltlmh( Thptl

ndhefmzcglmh chainmzc smhe odethm' `crdgtlmh ztmpt pdlhcl mpmt zczpdn

rdheigmfmh chainmzc smhe pdrmp( Zczpdn smhe `mrmp ndgmltlmh rdheigmfmh

chainmzc m`mgmf zczpdn chainmzc( Zczpdn chainmzc zdjmm zd`dfmhm `mrmp

`crmh`mhe zdomemc ztmpt zczpdn smhe odldkm thptl ndheigmf `mpm ndhkm`c odhptl

smhe gmch smhe gdocf odethm' smcpt chainmzc(

Ldnmktmh pdlhigiec chc rth mlmh gdocf omcl kclm oczm `cethmlmh

zdnmlzcnmg nthelch igdf nmhtzcm zdfcheem mlmh ndnrdnt`mf nmhtzcm `mgmn

ndhkmgmhc ldecmpmh tpchhsm( Ldfm`cmh dgdjpihcj jinndjd &d.Jinndjd#

zdomemc zdotmf zczpdn smhe ndtrmlmh emothemh mhpmm nmldpche' jinrtpd'

jinnthcjmpcih `mh jihpdhp `mrmp ndnotlmlmh kmgmh omt omec zdotmf rdtzmfmmh

thptl odchpdmlzc `dhemh rdgmheemh' rdnmzil `mh ncpm tzmfmhsm `dhemh

ndnodhptl tgmhe rmh`mhemh pm`czcihmg pdhpmhe rmzm `mh gchelthemh oczhczrdtzmfmmh( D.Jinndjd zdomemc omecmh `mc pdlhigiec smhe pc`ml `compmzc tmhe

`mh umlpt ktem `mrmp ndndhtfc ldotptfmh rd`memhemh ni`dh `dhemh daczcdh'

ndgcrtpc pmhzmlzc rd`memhemh smhe gdocf jdrmp' gdocf zd`dfmhm' gdocf gtmz

`mgmn kmhelmtmh `mh gdocf ntmf' smhe zmhemp `crdgtlmh `mgmn ndnomhpt

ndhdlmh ocmsm ri`tlzc `mh ndhchelmplmh ldjdrmpmh rdheccnmh ri`tl zmnrmc

ld rmzm mpmt rdgmheemh `dhemh kmhelmtmh smhe zmhemp gtmz(

Rdldnomhemh pdlhigiec smhe zdnmlch jmheecf `mh nmmlhsm oczhcz `c

`thcm nmsm' nmlm ndnotmp rdhstzth pdpmcl thptl ndmhjmhe zdotmf zczpdn

chainmzc rdndzmhmh lmnm odomzcz udo' `dhemh ndheethmlmh ndpi`d

rdh`dlmpmh smhe rdhstzth mnocg m`mrth ldmhelm rdnclcmh smhe rdhstzth

mhjmhe m`mgmf zdrdpc odcltp;


10/222

=

Zpt`cRtzpmlm

Zczpdn Rdndzmhmh Lmnm smhe zd`mheodrkmgmh

Zczpdn rdndzmhmh lmnm nmzcf nmhtmg

Chainmzc amzcgcpmz lmnm nmzcf odzcamp nmhtmg

Rizdz rdhjmcmh lmnm smhe nmzcf lizihe gmnomp

Pmfmr Mhmgczcz `mh Rdrmhjmhemh

Iokdjp Icdhpd` Mhmgszcz &IIM#;

C`dhpcaclmzc Mlpi

Rdhednomhemh @cmemn Tzd Jmzd `mh

@cmemn Mlpcacpmz

Rdhednomhemh @cmemn Chpdmlzc

C`dhpcaclmzc Ldgmz.ldgmz' dgmzc' mpcotp

`mh ndpfi`

Rdndclzmmh pdfm`mr pmfmr.pmfmrzdodgtnhsm

Iokdjp Icdhpd` @dzmch &II@#;

Rdmhjmhemh ldgmz' mzizcmzc' ndpi`d `mh

mpcotp

Ndhsmche &Ndndclzm# TNG Jgmzz

@cmemn

Rdmhjmhemh Gmsd Mlzdz `mh Gmsd

Mhpmntlm

Rdhetkcmh

Zcntgmzc mrgclmzc zczpdnrdndzmhmh lmnm odromzcz

udo

Ldzcnrtgmh

Emnom =(= Omemh Ldmhelm Rdnclcmh

=(1 Ndpiìgiec Rdhdgcpcmh

Ndpiìgiec rdhdgcpcmh m`mgmf ztmpt rizdz pmfmrmh.pmfmrmh rdhdgcpcmh smhe

fmtz `cpdpmrlmh pdgdocf `mftgt zdodgtn ndgmltlmh rdndjmfmh nmzmgmf smhe

zd`mhe `comfmz( Ndpiìgiec chc `cztzth zdomemc rdìnmh rdhdgcpcmh lmdhm `mgmnrdhdgcpcmh `crdgtlmh gmhelmf.gmhelmf smhe zczpdnmpcz mem rdhstzthmh gmrimh

ndnrthsmc mgt smhe pdmmf zdztmc `dhemh ptktmh rdhdgcpcmh smhe fdh`ml

`cjmrmc( Ndpiìgiec smhe `cethmlmh thptl rdhdgcpcmh chc pd`cc `mc ndpi`d

rdhetnrtgmh `mpm `mh ndpi`d rdhednomhemh zczpdn(


11/222

=

=(1(= Ndpi`d Rdhetnrtgmh @mpm

=( Thptl ndhetnrtglmh `mpm rcnd ndheethmlmh pdlhcl;

m( Pdlhcl Umumhjmm' smcpt ztmpt pdlhcl rdhetnrtgmh `mpm smhe

`cgmltlmh `dhemh jmm ndhemktlmh rdpmhsmmh zdjmm gmhezthe mpmt

gczmh `dhemh odrdìnmh rm`m chzptndh rdhdgcpcmh `mgmn odhptl

rdìnmh umumhjmm thptl ndh`mrmplmh kmumomh gmhezthe `mc

omecmh.omecmh smhe pdgcomp `mgmn gcheltr rdhdgcpcmh chc(

o( Iozdqmzc' smcpt ndhemnmpc zdjmm gmhezthe omemcnmhm rizdz

linthclmzc `mpm smhe zdgmnm chc odkmgmh' zdfcheem `mc zczc cpt `mrmp

`cldpmftc chainmzc mrm zmkm smhe mlmh `cmhmgczcz(

j( Zpt`c @iltndhpmzc' smcpt pdlhcl rdhetnrtgmh `mpm `dhemh jmm

ndnrdgmkmc ododmrm ìltndh' acgd' gcpdmpt.gcpdmpt smhe m`m

ftothemhhsm `dhemh nmzmgmf rdhdgcpcmh' pdtpmnm ìltndh.ìltndh

pdhpmhe ldpdhptmh smhe odgmlt smhe zcamphsm ndheclmp(

?( Thptl ndhetnrtglmh `mpm zdlth`d ndheethmlmh pdlhcl Zpt`c

Ldrtzpmlmmh' smcpt ztmpt pdlhcl rdhetnrtgmh `mpm smhe `cethmlmh thptl

ndhetnrtglmh `mpm `dhemh jmm ndnomjm' ndnrdgmkmc `mh ndhemhmgczm

ododmrm otlt smhe odlmcpmh `dhemh nmzmgmf smhe odftothemh `dhemh

rdhdgcpcmh chc(

=(1(? Ndpi`d Rdhednomhemh zczpdn

@mgmn Rdhednomhemh zczpdn' mlmh `cethmlmh rdh`dlmpmh odicdhpmzc

iokdl `dhemh Thcacd` Mrrimjf &TM# `mc Mgc Omfmnc &=333#( TM m`mgmf ztmpt

ndpiìgiec rdhednomhemh zczpdn odomzcz iokdl smhe ndheemothelmh rizdz

`mh ndpiìgiec smhe pdgmf m`m zdodgtnhsm `mh ndheethmlmh TNG zdomemc

zpmh`m rdni`dgmhhsm( Rizdz `mh pmfmrmh smhe m`m `mgmn TM ndtrmlmh

rizdz.rizdz pdomcl smhe `cmnocg `mc ndpi`d iokdl smhe pdgmf `crdldhmglmh

igdf Oiijf' _tnomtef' `mh Kmjiozih( Zdgmch cpt' gmhelmf.gmhelmf smhe m`m

`mgmn TM zmhemp cpdmpca `mh ndnt`mflmh rdhednomhe zczpdn `mgmn ndnmfmnc

zczpdn zdfcheem TM `ckm`clmh zdomemc ndpiìgiec rdhednomhemh zczpdn `mgmn

ptemz mlfc chc(


12/222

=2

Pmfmr Mhmgczcz `mgmn TM `cptktlmh thptl ndhec`dhpcaclmzc ldgmz.ldgmz

smhe pd`mrmp `mgmn zczpdn( Ldgmz.ldgmz smhe pdgmf pdc`dhpcaclmzc zdomemc itprtp

`c pmfmr mhmgczcz mlmh `ckm`clmh chrtp rm`m pmfmr rdmhjmhemh( Zdndhpmm cpt'

itprtp `mc pmfmr rdmhjmhemh m`mgmf rdmhelmp gthml smhe pdgmf `cmhjmhe zdztmc

`dhemh ldotptfmh tzd(

Gmhelmf.gmhelmf smhe fmtz `cgmltlmh rm`m ndpi`igiec TM `mc Mgc

Omfmnc &=333# m`mgmf zdomemc odcltp;

=( Pmfmr Mhmgczcz

C`dhpcaclmzc Mlpi

Rdhednomhemh

@cmemn Mlpcacpmz

`mh Tzd Jmzd

Rdhednomhe

mh @cmemn

Chpdmlzc

C`dhpcaclmzc

Ldgmz'

dgmzc'mpcotp !

Ndpfi`

Rdndclzmmh

Emnom =(? Pmfmr Mhmgczcz rm`m Ndpi`d Thcacd` Mrrimjf'

\Omfmnc' =333^(

Ldpdmhemh;

C`dhpcaclmzc Mlpi(

Pmfmr ndhemhmgczcz mlpi smhe mlmh odchpdmlzc `dhemh zczpdn

Rdhednomhemh @cmemn Tzd Jmzd `mh @cmemn Mlpcqcpmz(

Pmfmr smhe ndheemnomlmh mgt ldkm zczpdn `mgmn `cmemn mlpcqcpmz

`mh ndheemnomlmh chpdmlzc mhpmm tzd `dhemh zczpdn `mgmn

`cmemn tzd jmzd

Rdhednomhemh @cmemn Chpdmlzc(

@cmemn chpdmlzc smhe `cethmlmh m`mgmf zd}tdhjd `cmemn' `mgmn

`cmemn chc `cemnomlmh chpdmlzc mhpm iokdl `mgmn zczpdn ndgmgtc

rdzmh smhe `clccnlmh `mc iokdl smhe zmpt ld iokdl smhe gmch(

C`dhpcaclmzc Ldgmz.ldgmz' dgmzc' mpcotp `mh ndpfi`(

Rizdz ndhec`dhpcaclmzc ldgmz' dgmzc' mpcotp `mh ndpfi` `mgmn zczpdn

od`mzmlmh rizdz zdodgtnhsm(


13/222

==

Rdndclzmmh pdfm`mr pmfmr zdodgtnhsm(

Rizdz rdndclzmmh pdfm`mr fmzcg mlfc pmfmr mhmgczcz( Ocgm pd`mrmp

ldzmgmfmh nmlm ldnomgc ld pmfmr mumg mhmgczcz ocgm fmzcghsm odhm

nmlm pmfmr mhmgczcz zdgdzmc(

?( Pmfmr Rdrmhjmhemh

Emnom =(: Pmfmrmh Rdmhjmhemh rm`m Ndpi`d Thcacd` Mrrimjf'

\Omfmnc' =333^(

Ldpdmhemh ;

Rdmhjmhemh ldgmz' mzizcmzc' ndpi`d `mh mpcotp

Rm`m pmfmr chc `cgmltlmh rdmhjmhemh `mh rdndclzmmh mpcotp' ndpfi`

`mh qczcocgcpmzhsm pdfm`mr ldgmz.ldgmz smhe pdgmf pdc`dhpcaclmzc(

Ndhsmche &Ndndclzm# TNG Jgmzz @cmemn

Rizdz ndhsmche `cmemn ldgmz ntgmc `mc hmnm ldgmz' mzizcmzc'

mpcotp zdpm ndpfi`.hsm( Pmfmr chc `cailtzlmh rm`m rdheemnommh

ndpfi` smhe m`m `dhemh mjpcqcps `cmemn(

Rdmhjmhemh Gmsd Mlzdz `mh Gmsd Mhpmntlm

Rizdz ndmhjmhe Gmsd mlzdz `mh Emrfcj Tzd Chpdamjd &ETC#

od`mzmlmh rm`m jgmzz `cmemn smhe pdgmf `cmhjmhe zdodgtnhsm(

Rdhetkcmh

Rizdz pdmlfc `mc rdmhjmhemh zczpdn `mgmn TM `dhemh ndgmltlmh

rdhetkcmh pdfm`mr zczpdn( Mrmlmf pdgmf ndndhtfc ldotptfmh mpmt

nmzcf pd`mrmp ldltmhemh( Ocgm nmzcf m`m ldltmhemh nmlm

`cgmltlmh rdomclmh(


14/222

=?

=(5 Zczpdnmpclm Rdhtgczmh

Mem rdhdgcpcmh ptemz mlfc chc `mrmp `crmfmnc `dhemh omcl `mh `mrmp

ndnodclmh emnommh tntn pdhpmhe czc `mc rdhdgcpcmh ptemz mlfc chc' nmlm

rdhstzth ndnotmp zczpdnmpclm rdhtgczmh rdhdgcpcmh ptemz mlfc zdomemc odcltp;

OMO C RDH@MFTGTMH

Ndhetmclmh ndhedhmc gmpm odgmlmhe' c`dhpcaclmzc nmzmgmf' ptktmh

rdhtgczmh' ompmzmh nmzmgmf' ndpi`d rdhdgcpcmh' ldmhelm rdnclcmh `mh

zczpdnmpclm rdhtgczmh(

OMO CC PCHKMTMH RTZPMLM

Odczc pdic `mc odomemc ztnod smhe `cethmlmh zdomemc daddhzc omcl

`c `mgmn ldecmpmh mhmgczcz nmtrth rdmhjmhemh thptl ndhsdgdzmclmh

rdnmzmgmfmh `mc zpt`c lmztz smhe `crcgcf `dhemh lihzdr smhe pdgmf `c

rcgcf( Lihzdr.lihzdr `mzm pdzdotp ndhkm`c etc`gchdz smhe odhm

zdfcheem mlpcqcpmz mhmgczcz zdztmc `dhemh mptmh.mptmh smhe omlt(

OMO CCC MHMGCZCZ ZCZPDN

Ndhetmclmh `mh ndheemnomlmh gmhelmf.gmhelmf mhmgczcz pdfm`mr

zczpdn ndheemnomlmh ldm`mmh jtdhp zszpdnz `dhemh ndheethmlmh

ndpi`igiec Thcacd` Mrrimjf &TM# `mc Mgc Omfmnc &=333# smhe

ndtrmlmh omecmh `mc lihzdr rdhednomhemh zczpdn odicdhpmzc iokdl(

OMO CQ @DZMCH ZCZPDN

Omo chc ndnodclmh emnommh pdhpmhe rdni`dgmh zczpdn' mzcpdlpt

zczpdn' `dhemh rdh`dlmpmh TM `mc Mgc Omfmnc &=333#( Rm`m omo chc

mlmh `cotmp ztmpt mhjmhemh `mc fmzcg pmfmrmh mhmgczcz zdodgtnhsm'

smhe ldnt`cmh mlmh `cotmp ztmpt rdmhelmp gthml &ziapumd# zdomemc

fmzcg mlfc(

OMO Q LDZCNRTGMH @MH ZM_MH

Odczc ldzcnrtgmh smhe `mrmp `cpmcl `mc rdnomfmzmh `mh ndtrmlmh

fmzcg `mc rdhsdgdzmcmh rdnmzmgmfmh zdpm zmmh.zmmh `mc rdhstzth


15/222

=4smhe nthelch mlmh odnmhammp omec rcfml smhe odftothemh `dhemh

zczpdn pdzdotp(

@MAPM_ RTZPMLM

@mapm rtzpmlm odczc otlt.otlt daddhzc smhe `cethmlmh rdhstzth

`mgmn ndhstzth rdhdgcpcmh ptemz mlfc(

GMNRC_MH

Odczclmh `iltndh.`iltndh rdhthkmhe smhe `cethmlmh thptl

ndgdhelmrc Gmrimh(


16/222

=1

OMO CC PCHKMTMH

RTZPMLM

?(= Lihzdr @mzm Zczpdn Chairnmzc

?(=(= @dachczc Zczpdn

@mgmn ndh`dachczclmh zczpdn' pd`mrmp `tm ldginril rdh`dlmpmh' smcpt

rdh`dlmpmh zczpdn smhe ndhdlmhlmh rm`m rizd`t smhe `cethmlmh `mgmn

zczpdn( Rdh`dlmpmh chc ndh`dachczclmh zczpdn zdomemc odcltp ;

Zczpdn m`mgmf ztmpt kmchemh ldkm `mc rizd`t.rizd`t smhe

odftothemh' odltnrtg odzmnm.zmnm thptl ndgmltlmh ztmpt ldecmpmh

mpmt thptl ndhsdgdzmclmh ztmpt zmzmmh pdpdhpt\Kiecmhpi' =333^(

Rdh`dlmpmh smhe ld`tm gdocf ndhdlmhlmh rm`m dgdndh mpmt linrihdh

rdhstzth zczpdn( Rdh`dlmpmh chc ndh`dachczclmh zczpdn zdomemc odcltp ;

Zczpdn m`mgmf ltnrtgmh `mc dgdndh.dgdndh smhe zmgche odchpdmlzc

thptl ndhjmrmc zmpt ptktmh pdpdhpt\Kiecmhpi' =333^(

Ld`tm `dachczc chc m`mgmf odhm `mh pc`ml odpdhpmhemh' smhe odod`m

m`mgmf jmm rdh`dlmpmhhsm( Lmdhm rm`m fmldlmphsm zdpcmr linrihdh zczpdn'

thptl `mrmp zmgche odchpdmlzc `mh thptl `mrmp ndhjmrmc ptktmh pdpdhpt fmtz

ndgmltlmh zdktngmf rizd`t' ndpi`d' `mh jmm ldkm smhe ktem zmgche

odchpdmlzc(

Ztmpt zczpdn `mrmp pd`cc `mc dnrmp dgdndh ztozczpdn' smhe zdjmm

odzmnm.zmnm ndnodhptl zmpt ldzmptmh smhe `czdotp zczpdn( Dgdndh.dgdndh

pdzdotp smcpt;

=( Nmztlmh Ltnrtgmh `mpm pmhzmlzc ld ldzdotmf rdheigmfmh `mpm nd`ctn'

jihpifhsm rdhsipcmh `mpm &ztmp ldgtm `mh ztmp nmztl#(

?( Rdheigmfmh thptl ndhedgigm ztmp ldgtm `mh ztmp nmztl

rdheigmfmhhsm`cgmltlmh `dhemh jmm ndhtmg' zdrdpc ndhedginrillmh `mpm

&ztmp ldgtm `mh ztmp nmztl# ld`mgmn eitr od`mzmlmh jcc ztmp' hi ttp

ztmp `mh zdomemchsm(


17/222

=5

:( Ldgtmmh ndhmnrcglmh fmzcg smhe `c`mrmp `mc ldecmpmh zdodgtnhsm odtrm

chainmzc smhe `cotptflmh zdrdpc ndhmnrcglmh gmrimh &ztmp ldgtm `mh

ztmp nmztl#(

0( Tnrmh Omgcl)Lihpig pd`cc `mc tztg rdomclmh smhe `codclmh igdf thcp

rdhemumzmh ntpt `mc chzpmhzc smhe odzmheltpmh(

Emnom ?(= Dgdndh.dgdndh Zczpdn' \Mnzsmf' [tglcagc' ?224^

Ododmrm lmmlpdczpcl mpmt zcamp.zcamp pdpdhpt smhe `cncgclc igdf ztmpt

zczpdn smcpt m`mhsm;

m( Linrihdh Zczpdn

Zczpdn pd`cc `mc odomemc linrihdh &fm`umd' ziapumd'

omchumd' ldockmlmh iemhczmzc# smhe pdchpdemzc(

o( Ompmzmh Zczpdn

Ompmzmh ztmpt zczpdn `czdztmclmh `dhemh jmltrmh `mh ptktmh `mc

zczpdn(

j( Gchelthemh Gtm Zczpdn

Gchelthemh gtm zczpdn m`mgmf zdemgm zdztmpt smhe odm`m `cgtm

zczpdn pdpmrc ndnrdhemtfc kmgmhhsm irdmzc zczpdn(

`( Rdheftothe

Mhpmm zczpdn `dhemh ztozczpdn `cftothelmh ndgmgtc rdheftothe(

d( Nmztlmh Zczpdn

Nmztlmh zczpdn m`mgmf rdhdhpt ldgtmmh zczpdn( Odhptl `mc nmztlmh

zczpdn `mrmp odtrm `mpm'emnom' mpmtrth mt`ci(


18/222

=6

a( Ldgtmmh Zczpdn

Ldgtmmh Zczpdn m`mgmf fmzcg `mc rdnizdzmh nmztlmh zczpdn(

Ldgtmmh zczpdn chc `mrmp odtrm chainmzc omt nmtrth `mpm smhe

mlmh `ckm`clmh nmztlmh zczpdn ldnomgc(

e( Rdheigmfmh Zczpdn

Rdheigmfmh zczpdn mlmh ndheigmf `mpm nmztlmh smhe hmhpchsm mlmh

ndhefmzcglmh `mpm ldgtmmh(

f( Zmzmmh Zczpdn

Zdpcmr zczpdn ndnrthsmc ptktmh &eimg# mpmt zmzmmh &iokdjpcqd# smhe

pdgmf `cpdhptlmh ldpclm rddhjmhmmh rdnotmpmh zczpdn(

?(=(? LmmlpdczpclZczpdn

Zczpdn cpt zdh`cc ndncgclc lmmlpdczcpcl mpmt ododmrm zcamp pdpdhpt' smcpt

ndnrthsmc linrihdh &jinrihdhpz#' ompmzmh zczpdn &oith`ms#' gchelthemh gtm

zczpdn &dhqcihndhpz#' rdheftothe &chpdamjd#' nmztlmh &chrtp#' ldgtmmh

&itprtp#' rdheigmf &rizdz#' `mh zmzmmh ztmpt ptktmh &eimg#( M`mrth rdhkdgmzmh

`mc lmmlpdczpcl `mc ztmpt zszpdn m`mgmf zdomemc odcltp;

m( Linrihdh Zczpdn &jinrihdhp#

Ztmpt zczpdn pd`cc `mc zdktngmf linrihdh smhe zmgche odchpdmlzc'

smhe mpchsm zmgche ldkmzmnm ndnodhptl zmpt ldzmptmh(

o( Ompmz Zczpdn &Oith`ms#

Ndtrmlmh `mdmf smhe ndnompmzc mhpmm zmpt zczpdn `dhemh zczpdn smhe

gmchhsm mpmt `dhemh gchelthemh gtmhsm(

j( Gchelthemh Gtm Zczpdn &Dhqcihndhpz#

Mrmrth `cgtm `mc ompmz zczpdn smhe ndnrdhemtfc irdmzc(

`( Rdheftothe Zczpdn &Chpdamjd#

Ndtrmlmh nd`cm rdheftothe mhpmm zto zczpdn `dhemh zczpdn gmchhsm(

@dhemh rdheftothe zmpt ztozczpdn `mrmp odchpdemzc `dhemh ztozczpdn

smhe gmchhsm ndnodhptl zmpt ldzmptmh(


19/222

=3

d( Nmztlmh Zczpdn &Chrtp#

Nmztlmh &chrtp# m`mgmf dhdec smhe `cnmztllmh ld `mgmn zczpdn(

Nmztlmh `mrmp odtrm nmztlmh rdmumpmh &nmchpdhmhjd chrtp# smcpt

dhdec smhe `cnmztllmh ztrmsm zczpdn `mrmp odirdmzc' `mh `mrmp odtrm

nmztlmh zchsmg &zcehmg chrtp# smcpt dhdec smhe `crizdz thptl

ndh`mrmplmh ldgtmmh(

a( Ldgtmmh Zczpdn &Itprtp#

Ldgtmmh &itprtp# m`mgmf fmzcg `mc dhdec smhe `cigmf `mh `clgmzcaclmzclmh

ndhkm`c ldgtmmh smhe odethm `mh zczm rdnotmhemh( Ldgtmmh `mrmp

ndtrmlmh nmztlmh thptl ztozczpdn smhe gmch mpmt ldrm`m ztrm zczpdn(

e( Rdheigmfmh Zczpdn &Rijdzz#

Ztmpt zczpdn `mrmp ndnrthsmc omecmh rdheigmf smhe mlmh ndhetomf

nmztlmh ndhkm`c ldgtmmh(

f( Zmzmmh Zczpdn &Iokdjpcqd#

Ztmpt zczpdn ndnrthsmc ptktmh &eimg# mpmt zmzmmh &iokdjpcqd#( Zmzmmh

`mc zczpdn zmhemp ndhdhptlmh zdlmgc nmztlmh smhe `cotptflmh zczpdn

`mh ldgtmmh smhe mlmh `cfmzcglmh zczpdn( Ztmpt zczpdn `clmpmlmh odfmzcg

ocgm ndhedhmc zmzmmh mpmt ptktmhhsm(

Gchelthemh Gtm Chpdamjd

Oith`ms Zto

Zczpdn ZtoZczpdn

Zto

Zczpdn ZtoZczpdn

Chrtp Rdheigmf Itprtp Oith`ms

Emnom ?(? Lmmlpdczpcl Ztmpt Zczpdn' \Kiecsmhpi' =333^(


20/222

?2

?(=(: @dachczc Chairnmzc

Chainmzc `c`dachczclmh zdomemc odcltp ;

Chainmzc m`mgmf `mpm smhe pdgmf `cigmf ndhkm`c ztmpt odhptl smhe

odmpc omec rdhdcnmhsm `mh odnmhammp `mgmn rdhemnocgmh ldrtptzmh

rm`m zmmp chc mpmtrth zmmp ndh`mpmhe\Kiecsmhpi' =333^(

Chainmzc ndtrmlmh rizdz gdocf gmhktp `mc `mpm smhe zt`mf ndncgclc

hcgmc pmnomf( Od`mzmlmh rm`m odhptlhsm' chainmzc `mrmp `cod`mlmh ndhkm`c ;

=( Chainmzc Tmcmh

Chainmzc Tmcmh m`mgmf chainmzc smhe `czmkclmh `mgmn odhptl tmcmh

jdcpm smhe rmhkmhe mpmt zchelmp smhe odczclmh lmgcnmp.lmgcnmp smhe

zchelmp `mh kdgmz( Chainmzc chc oczm `mgmn odhptl gmrimh' hiptgdh'

ztmp mpmt ndni(

?( Chainmzc dlmrcptgmzc

Chainmzc dlmrcptgmzc m`mgmf chainmzc chelmz `dhemh fmzcg mlfc `mc

ztmpt rdfcpthemh &lmgltgmzc# mpmt emothemh rdfcpthemh smhe

odczclmh mhelm.mhelm smhe `czmkclmh `mgmn odhptl ligin.ligin(

Jihpifhsm hdmjm' ltcpmhzc' dldhche' `mapm rdnodgcmh(

:( Chainmzc Emnom &Omemh#

Chainmzc Emnom &Omemh# m`mgmf chainmzc smhe `c otmp `mgmn

odhptl emnom mpmt omemh' nczmghsm emnom lihzptlzc `mh omemh

iemhczmzc(

0( Chainmzc Ni`dg

Chainmzc Ni`dg m`mgmf chainmzc `mgmn odhptl aintgc `dhemh

ni`dg.ni`dg smhe `mrmp ndnodclmh hcgmc mnmgmh mpmt rd`clzc `mh

hcgmc.hcgmc gmch zdrdpc hcgmc fmzcg rdndjmfmh rdzimgmh smhe irpcnmg

zdomemc mgpdhmpca omec rdnotmpmh ldrtptzmh(

4( Chainmzc Zpmpczpcl

Chainmzc zpmpczpcl m`mgmf chainmzc smhe `czmkclmh `mgmn odhptl

mhelm smhe `cpthktllmh `mgmn odhptl emacl mpmt pmogd(


21/222

?=

1( Chainmzc Aintgc

Chainmzc aintgc m`mgmf chainmzc smhe `c otmp `mgmn odhptl

aintgc `dhemh ainmp &ligin# czcmh smhe zt`mf `cpdhptlmh `mh smhe

`czdztmclmh `dhemh ldrdgtmh ldecmpmh nmzche.nmzche(

5( Chainmzc Mhcnmzc

Chainmzc mhcnmzc m`mgmf chainmzc `mgmn odhptl emnom mhcnmzc

`dhemh ztmm `mh qc`di( Chainmzc chc `mrmp ktem `czdotp chainmzc

ntgpcnd`cm(

6( Chainmzc Zcntgmzc

Chainmzc zcntgmzc m`mgmf chainmzc ndhedhmc ztmpt ldecmpmh hsmpm

rm`m ztmpt zcptmzc mpmt rdmgmpmh smhe `c otmp `mgmn odhptl zdtrm

pdpmrc `dhemh tltmh ldjcg mpmt `dhemh gmsm linrtpd ndhkm`c nccr

zdrdpc tltmh zdodhmhsm( Nczmghsm zcntgmzc thptl rdh`c`clmh rcgip

rdzmump pdomhe `dhemh rdmhelmp gthml lftztz' \Kiecsmhpi' =333^(

Zdjmm emcz odzm' lihzdr `mzm rdnodhptlmh zdotmf chainmzc smhe

ndtrmlmh fmzcg `mc rdheigmfmh `mpm `mrmp pdgcfmp rm`m emnom odcltp;

Emnom ?(: Rizdz rdnodhptlmh chainmzc' \Mnzsmf' [tglcagc' ?224^

?(=(0 Zclgtz Chairnmzc

@mpm smhe ndtrmlmh omfmh ndhpmf mrmocgm pc`ml `cigmf nmlm `mpm

pdzdotp pc`ml mlmh odethm( @mpm pdzdotp mlmh odethm `mh ndhefmzcglmh ztmpt

chainmzc mrmocgm `cigmf ndgmgtc ztmpt ni`dg( Ni`dg smhe `cethmlmh thptl

ndheigmf `mpm pdzdotp `czdotp `dhemh ni`dg rdheigmfmh `mpm mpmt gdocf `cldhmg

`dhemh hmnm zclgtz rdheigmfmh `mpm(


22/222

?2

Rizdz

&Ni`dg#

Chrtp

&@mpm# `mpm.omzd

Itprtp

&Chainmpcih#

@mpm

&`cpmhelmr#Rdhdcnm

Fmzcg

Pch`mlmh

Ldrtptzmh

Pch`mlmh

Emnom ?(0 Zclgtz Chainmzc \Kiecsmhpi' =333^(

?(=(4 Ltmgcpmz Chairnmzc

Ltgcpmz `mc chainmzc &}tmgcps ia chainmpcih# pdemhpthe `mc pcem fmg'

smcpt chainmzc fmtz mltmp &mjjtmpd#' pdrmp umlpt &pcndgchdzz# `mh dgdqmh

&dgdqmhjd#' Kifh Otjf `mh Ems Et`hcpzlc ndheemnomlmh ltmgcpmz `mc

chainmzc `dhemh odhptl omhethmh smhe `cpthkmhe igdf pcem otmf rcgm' zdrdpc

pdgcfmp rm`m emnom odcltp' \Kiecsmhpi' =333^(

Emnom ?(4 Rcgm Ltmgcpmz Chainmzc'\Kiecsmhpi'=333^(

?(=(1 @dachczc Zczpdn Chairnmzc

Od`mzmlmh `dachczc zczpdn `mh `dachczc chainmzc smhe pdgmf `czdotplmh

`cmpmz' nmlm zczpdn chainmzc `mrmp `c`dachczclmh zdomemc odcltp ;


23/222

?=

Zczpdn chainmzc m`mgmf ztmpt zczpdn `c `mgmn ztmpt iemhczmzc smhe

ndnrdpdntlmh ldotptfmh rdheigmfmh pmhzmlzc fmcmh' ndh`tlthe

irdmzc' odzcamp nmhmkdcmg `mh ldecmpmh zpmpdec `mc ztmpt iemhczmzc

`mh ndhsd`cmlmh rcfml gtm pdpdhpt `dhemh gmrimh.gmrimh smhe

`crdgtlmh\Kiecmhpi' =333^(

Zdjmm zd`dfmhm' lihzdr `mzm `mc zdotmf zczpdn chainmzc `mgmn ztmpt

thcp ldkm `mrmp `cgcfmp rm`m emnom odcltp;

Emnom ?(1 Zczpdn chainmzc ztmpt thcp ldkm' \Mnzsmf' =335^

Zczpdn chainmzc ndncgclc linrihdhlinrihdh zdomemc rdh`tlthehsm'

linrihdhlinrihdh pdzdotp `cmhpmmhsm m`mgmf zdomemc odcltp ;

=( Ogil Nmztlmh smcpt chrtp smhe ndumlcgc `mpm smhe nmztl ld `mgmn zczpdn

chainmzc pdnmztl ndpi`d `mh nd`cm thptl ndh`mrmplmh `mpm smhe mlmh

`cnmztlmh smhe odtrm ìltndh.ìltndh `mzm(

?( Ogil Ni`dg smcpt linochmzc rizd`t' gieclm `mh ni`dg nmpdnmpcl smhe mlmh

ndnmhcrtgmzc `mpm chrtp `mh `mpm smhe pdzcnrmh `c omzcz `mpm thptl

ndhefmzcglmh ldgtmmh smhe `cchechlmh(

:( Ogil ldgtmmh smcpt chainmzc smhe odltmgcpmz `mh ìltndhpmzc smhe odethm

thptl zdntm rdnmlmc zczpdn `mh nmhmkdndh(

0( Ogil Pdlhigiec smcpt mgmp smhe `cethmlmh thptl ndhdcnm chrtp' ndhscnrmh

`mh ndhemlzdz `mpm zdpm ndhefmzcglmh ldgtmmh smhe `cchechlmh(

4( Ogil Omzcz @mpm smcpt omzcz `mpm smhe `cethmlmh `mh `czcnrmh thptl

ldrdgtmh rdhsd`cmmh chainmzc gdocf gmhktp `cnmhm odczc `mpm.`mpm smhe

`ciemhczmzclmh zd`dnclcmh trm mem chainmzc smhe `cfmzcglmh odltmgcpmz(


24/222

??

1( Ogil ldh`mgc smcpt rdhedh`mgcmh rm`m rdtzmfmmh thptl ndhjdemf fmg.fmg

smhe `mrmp ndtzml zczpdn mpmt ocgm m`m ldzmgmfmh.ldzmgmfmh `mrmp gmhezthe

`cmpmzc(

Ldecmpmh.ldecmpmh smhe m`m `mgmn zczpdn chainmzc m`mgmf;

=( Nmztlmh &Chrtp#(

?( Rizdz(

:( Ldgtmmh &Itprtp#(

0( Rdhscnrmhmh(

4( Nmhmkdndh(

1( Lihpig' \Kiecsmhpi' =333^(

?(? Lihzdr @mzm Nmhmkdndh Zczpdn Chairnmzc

@dhemh odldnomhehsm odomemc mlpcacpmz `c `mgmn iemhczmzc pc`ml

pdgdrmz `mc rdhemtf ldotptfmh mlmh `mpm `mh chainmzc smhe zdnmlch pcheec'

ndhkm`clmh rdhedgigmmh `mpm `mh chainmzc smhe pd`mrmp `c`mgmn zdotmf

iemhczmzc pc`ml gmec `mrmp `cldgigm `dhemh nt`mf `mh `dhemh jmm smhe

zd`dfmhm( Mlmh pdpmrc' `crdgtlmh zdotmf ldmfgcmh lftztz thptl ndhedgigm'

ndhempt `mh ndheigmf rdldkmmh.rdldkmmh chainmzc smhe tncp `c`mgmn

iemhczmzc smhe pdgmf ndhemgmnc omhsml rdtomfmh( Igdf lmdhm cpt' `crdgtlmh

zdotmf rdhedgigmmh pdfm`mr rdldkmmh.rdldkmmh chainmzc smhe `cgmltlmh

od`mzmlmh rchzcr.rchzcr nmhmkdndh( Zmgmf zmpt `czcrgch cgnt smhe ndnrthsmc

rchzcr.rchzcr nmhmkdndh `c `mgmn ndgmltlmh mlpcacpmzhsm m`mgmf Nmhmkdndh

Zczpdn Chainmzc &NZC#(

?(?(= @dachczc Nmhmkdndh

Zdjmm irdmzcihmg nmhmkdndh `mrmp `c`dachczclmh zdomemc odcltp;

Nmhmkdndh m`mgmf Rizdz ndhelii`chmzclmh' ndhechpdemzclmh'

ndhsd`dfmhmlmh' `mh ndhzchlihczmzclmh ztnod `msm nmhtzcm' nmpdcmg'

`mh ndpi`d `dhemh ndhemrgclmzclmh athezc.athezc nmhmkdndh zdrdpc

rddhjmhmmh' rdheiemhczmzcmh' rdheecmpmh' rdhemumzmh' `mh gmch.gmch

mem ptktmh iemhczmzc `mrmp pdjmrmc zdjmm daczcdh `mh dadlpca'&Mnzsmf'

?224#(


25/222

?:

?(?(? Athezc.athezc Nmhmkdndh

Thptl ndhjmrmc ptktmhhsm' iemhczmzc ndndgtlmh `tlthemh nmhmkdndh

`dhemh odomemc athezchsm smhe `czdztmclmh `dhemh ldotptfmh iemhczmzc

nmzche.nmzche( Ldecmpmh athezc.athezc pdzdotp ndndgtlmh `mpm `mh chainmzc'

`mh mlmh ndhefmzcglmh `mpm `mh chainmzc rtgm( Ododmrm athezc nmhmkdndh

rililm`mgmf;

m( Rddhjmhmmh

Odlmcpmh `dhemh rdhstzthmh `mh rdhkmommh ptktmh zdpm

ndhkmomlmhhsm `mgmn odhptl rddhjmhmmh thptl ndhjmrmc ptktmh(

o( Rdheiemhczmzcmh

Odlmcpmh `dhemh rdhedginrilmh rdzihdg zdpm ptemzhsm thptl

ndhkmgmhlmh rdldkmmh zdztmc ptemz `mh nczchsm(

j( Rdhemptmh rdzihdg

Odlmcpmh `dhemh ldecmpmh ocnochemh `mh rdhemptmh ldkm rdzihdg(

`( Rdhemmfmh

Odlmcpmh `dhemh ldecmpmh ndgmltlmh chptlzc ptemz.ptemz(

d( Rdhemumzmh

Odlmcpmh `dhemh rdndclzmmh thptl ndhdhptlmh zmnrmc zdkmtf nmhm

ldnmktmh smhe `cjmrmc `mh ndgmltlmh lidlzc.lidlzc(

?(?(: @dachczc Nmhmkdndh Zczpdn Chairnmzc

@dachczc Nmhmkdndh Zczpdn Chainmzc m`mgmf;

Nmhmkdndh Zczpdn Chainmzc m`mgmf ldecmpmh thptl ndhedgigm rdldkmmh

chainmzc `dhemh ndheethmlmh rdh`dlmpmh zczpdn smhe od`mzmlmh

rm`m rchzcr.rchzcr nmhmkdndh \Mnzsmf' ?224^

Zdpcmr rdldkmmh mpmt ldecmpmh ndndgtlmh `mpm `mh chainmzc' zdomgclhsm

`dhemh m`mhsm rdldkmmh mpmt ldecmpmh mlmh ndhefmzcglmh `mpm `mh chainmzc

omt( Thptl ldrdgtmh rdldkmmh omcl odzcamp m`nchczpmpca mpmtrth nmhmkdcmg

`mpm `cigmf pdgdocf `mftgt ndhkm`c chainmzc( Rdheigmfmh pdzdotp `czdztmclmh

`dhemh ldotptfmh rdldkmmh mpmt nmhmkdndh nmzche.nmzche(


26/222

?0

Rm`m tntnhsm pd`mrmp pchelmp &gdqdg# nmhmkdndh smhe pd`cc `mc ;

=( Nmhmkdndh Gchc Omumf(

Rm`m nmhmkdndh gchc omumf pd`mrmp ktngmf nmhmkd smhe omhsml' zdztmc

`dhemh odhptl rcmnc`m iemhczmzc smhe nmlch ndnodzm ld omumf( Pchelmp

chc `czdotp ktem pchelmp nmhdkdndh irdmzcihmg( Ptemz rdhpchehsm m`mgmf

ndhemumzc `mh ndhempt rdzihdg odldpdmnrcgmh pdlhcz mpmt lmsmumh

ocmzm( Rmm nmhmkd rm`m pchelmp chc ndhetzmfmlmh mem rdldkmmh

`cgmlzmhmlmh zdztmc rizd`t `mh ndpi`d smhe zt`mf `cpdhptlmh' zdfcheem

rdldkmmh `mrmp `czdgdzmclmh zdztmc dhjmhm' zdztmc km`umg' ftothemh

nmhtzcm' rdnocmsmmh `mh rdhemumzmh ltmgcpmz(

?( Nmhmkdndh Gchc Pdhemf(

Nmhmkdndh gchc pdhemf chc odptemz ndhchkmt fmzcg `mgmn iemhczmzc `mh

`dhemh ldecmpmh.ldecmpmh rdhemumzmh smhe ndheedmllmh iemhczmzc

ndhjmrmc zmzmmh( Nmhmkdndh rm`m gchc chc gdocf odicdhpmzc rm`m nmzmgmf.

nmzmgmf rdgmpcfmh rdzihdg' rdpcnomhemh pdfm`mr rdzihdg' rdhem`mmh

rdmgmpmh `mh omfmh `mh gmch.gmch smhe odftothemh `dhemh nmzmgmf.nmzmgmf

lcpcz `mgmn ndhjmrmc ldodfmzcgmh lchdkm(

:( Nmhmkdndh Gchc Mpmz(Ldecmpmh nmhmkdndh gchc rthjml m`mgmf ndnaintgmzclmh rddhjmhmmh `mh

zpmpdec( Pchelmp nmhmkdndh chc odicdhpmzc rm`m nmzm `drmh iemhczmzc `mh

ndhchkmt fmzcg ldkm `mh rdhjmrmcmh ptktmh iemhczmzc zdjmm tntn `mh

ndhsdgttf( Ptemz.ptemz rm`m pchelmp chc pdtpmnm ndhelii`chmzclmh

ldzdgttfmh trmsm iemhczmzc `mh ftothemh `dhemh gmch.gmch iemhczmzc `mh

nmzsmmlmp(


27/222

?4

Zdjmm tntn ptemz `mh rdldkmmh ldpcem pchelmp nmhmkdndh pdzdotp `mrmp

`cemnomlmh zdrdpc odcltp;

Emnom ?(5 Pchelmp Nmhmkdndh' \Mnzsmf' ?224^

?(?(0 _tmhe Gcheltr Nmhmkdndh Zczpdn Chairnmzc

Ldzdgttfmh tmhe gcheltr rdldkmmh NZC pdzdotp `czd`dfmhmlmh `mgmn

odhptl `cmemn odcltp;


28/222

?1

Amlpm

. Ldkm`cmh)Rdczpcum

. Ldecmpmh Iemhczmzc

. Pmhzmlzc

. @gg(

@mpm

Chpdhmg Dlzpdhmg

Fmzcg Rdhdgcpcmh@czpcotzc

@mpm GchelthemhOmfmh Rdmptmh

r

Aczcl `mh_dlmnmh Ldecmpmh

@cdlmn

Hih Aczcl

&Linrtd#

Rizd)Pmhzainmzc)Nmhcrtgmzc

Odhptl Rdheigmfmh; Mgm-Rdheigmfmh;

Lgmzcaclmzc Nmhtmg

Zipc Ndzch Nmhtmg

Lmgltgmzc Ndzch Dgdlpihcl

Rdhscnrtgmh Linrtpd

Gmrimh

ghainmzc

Ni`dg Odhptl@czpcotzc

@dzlcrpca ZpmpczpclAczcl `mh

Hih Aczcl

@cmhmgczcz

Ldrtptzmh

Pdlhcz Pmlpcz Zpmpdecz

Riemn&Ldecmpmh# RddhjmhmmhRdgmlzmhmmh Dqmgtmzc

Ptktmh Iemhczmzc

&Linrtd#

@czpcotzc

Aczcl `mh

&Linrtd#

@czpcotzc

Aczcl `mh

Hih Aczcl

&Linrtd#

Emnomr ?(6 _tmhe Gcheltr Nmhmkdndh Zczpdn Chainmzc' \Mnzsmf' ?224^


29/222

?5

Rdldkmmh NZC odldnomhe ndgmgtc dnrmp rizdz zdztmc `dhemh

rdldnomhemh mgmp rdheigmf `mpm smcpt {mnmh NZC;

=( @cldkmlmh zdjmm nmhtmg

?( @cldkmlmh `dhemh mgmp ndzch nmhtmg

:( @cldkmlmh `dhemh mgmp ndzch dgdlpcl

0( @cldkmlmh `dhemh dgdlpcl&linrtpd#

Rdldkmh NZC `cntgmc `mc rdhetnrtgmh `mpm smhe `cotmp mpmt pdkm`c

lmdhm m`mhsm amlpm( Amlpm pdzdotp odtrm ldecmpmh tntn iemhczmzc'

linthclmzc' pmhzmlzc `mh gmch.gmch( Amlpm pdzdotp `cjmpmp mpmt `cdlmn rm`m

linrtpd zdfcheem ndhefmzcglmh amlpm pdptgcz smhe `czdotp `mpm( @mpm mpmt amlpm

ipdhpcl &mzgc# pdzdotp fmtz `czcnrmh zdomemc mzcr thptl ldrdgtmh rdnotlpcmh.

rdnotlpcmh `mh omjltr omcl zdomemc otlpc m`nchczpmpca mpmtrth zdomemc otlpc

ftltn pdptgcz ocgm pdkm`c ldzmgmfmh rm`m linrtpdczmzc `mpm odzmheltpmh thptl

rdheigmfmh ndhkm`c chainmzc `mgmn rdldkmmh zczpdn chainmzc(

Rdheigmfmh `mpm ndhkm`c chainmzc `czdotp ktem zdomemc rizdz'

pmhzainmzc mpmt nmhcrtgmzc `mpm ndhkm`c chainmzc( Odhptl rdheigmfmhhsm

`mrmp pd`cc `mc lgmzcaclmzc' zipc' lmgltgmzc `mh rdhscnrtgmh( Mgmp rdheigmfmh

`mrmp `cldginrillmh ndhkm`c mgmp rdheigmf nmhtmg' ndzch nmhtmg' ndzchdgdlpcl `mh linrtpd(

Fmzcg rdheigmfmh `mpm m`mgmf chainmzc smhe zdztmc `dhemh ldrdgtmhhsm'

mhpmm gmch `mgmn odhptl gmrimh' ni`dg `dzlcrpca `mh ni`dg zpmpczpcl(

Chainmzc ldnt`cmh `cmhmgczcz zdomemc omfmh rdhemnocgmh ldrtptzmh(

Ldrtptzmh rm`m nmhmkdndh gchc omumf tntnhsm odzcamp pdlhcz' rm`m

nmhmkdndh gchc pdhemf tntnhsm pmlpcz' `mh rm`m nmhmkdndh gchc mpmz tntnhsm

odzcamp zpmpdecz(

Ldrtptzmh ldnt`cmh `ckmomlmh mpmt `cirdmzcihmglmh ld`mgmn odhptl

ldecmpmh rddhjmhmmh' rdgmlzmhmmh `mh dqmgtmzc mpmt rdhcgmcmh( Rm`m ldecmpmh

pdzdotp ktem `cgmltlmh ldecmpmh rdhemumzmh(


30/222

?6

Ldecmpmh pdzdotp zdjmm ldzdgttfmh `cptktlmh thptl ndhjmrmc ptktmh

iemhczmzc zdjmm dadlpca `mh daczcdh' pdtpmnm `mgmn ndhefm`mrc dm egiomgczmzc

smhe rdhtf `dhemh odomemc rdzmchemh' `cnmhm zdpcmr ldecmpmh ndndgtlmh

`tlthemh `mpm `mh chainmzc(

?(?(4 Nmhmkdndh `mh Chairnmzc

Chainmzc `cotmp thptl ldrdgtmh nmhmkdndh zdztmc `dhemh thcp ldkmhsm

`mh rm`m pchelmpmhhsm nmzche.nmzche' mrmgmec fmtz `czdztmclmh `dhemh ptktmh

tpmnm iemhczmzc pdzdotp . ndtrmlmh zdhc nmhmkdndh zczpdn chainmzc `mh

omecmh `mc zdhc ndncnrch zdimhe nmhmkd( Chainmzc pdzdotp odmzmg `mc

ldecmpmh irdmzcihmg' zdfcheem mlmh `comfmz ktem pdhpmhe ni`dg rdheigmfmh `mpm

pmhzmlzc( Lmdhm rdhpchehsm chainmzc omec nmhmkdndh' nmlm nmhmkd fmtz

ndhedpmftc odomemc odhptl chainmzc `dhemh ndntgmc ndhedpmftc ododmrm

ni`dg chainmzc nmhmkdnmh \Mnzsmf' ?224^ zdrdpc odcltp;

=( Ni`dg chainmzc

Zdkmgmh `dhemh rdod`mmh pchelmp rdldkmmh `c pcmr gdqdg nmhmkdndh `mgmn

iemhczmzc' nmlm fcmlc rdldkmmh chainmzc `c pcmr gdqdg nmhmkdndh.rth

mlmh ndncgclc rdod`mmh' rdod`mmh pdzdotp `mrmp pdgcfmp rm`m nmzche.

nmzche rdldkmmh nmhmkdndh \Mnzsmf' ?224^' smcpt pd`cc `mc;

=( Rdheigmfmh pmhzmlzc rm`m pchelmp rmgche omumf

?( Rddhjmhmmh `mh rdhemumzmh irdmzcihmg rm`m pchelmp ld`tm

:( Rddhjmhmmh `mh rdhemumzmh nmhmkdndh rm m pchelmp ldpcem

0( Rddhjmhmmh zpmpdecz rm`m pchelmp rthjml

Pmhrm rdldkmmh rdheigmfmh pmhzmlzc smhe dadlpca' rdldkmmh.rdldkmmh

chainmzc rm`m pchelmp smhe gdocf mpmz hczjmsm pc`ml mlmh m`m( Ftothemh

pdzdotp `mrmp pdgcfmp rm`m emnom odcltp;


31/222

?3

Emnom ?(3 Fcmlc Rdldkmmh Chainmzc' \Mnzsmf' ?224^

Thptl ldotptfmh iemhczmzc' `dhemh odomemc pchelmp fcmlc ldecmpmhhsm

zdrdpc `cmpmz' tntnhsm pd`mrmp gcnm ni`dg chainmzc `mzm \Mnzsmf' ?224^'

smcpt;

=( Ni`dg Rdheigmfmh Pmhzmlzc &NRP#' smhe ndh`tlthe irdmzcihmg

ldecmpmh fmcmh iemhczmzc

?( Ni`dg Rdh`tlthe Nmhmkdndh &NRN#' smhe `cethmlmh thptlndnomhpt

ldecmpmh fmcmh nmhmkd

:( Ni`dg Rdh`tlthe Ldrtptzmh &NRL#' smhe ndtrmlmh mrgclmzc ldethmmh

lftztz thptl ndh`tlthe rdnotmpmh ldrtptzmh

0( Ni`dg Rdh`tlthe Dlzdltpca &NRD#' smcpt ni`dg smhe `cldkmlmh nmhmkd

zdhci `mgmn ndhedgigm nmzmgmf iemhczmzc pchelmp mpmz(

Thptl ndnomh`chelmh ni`dg.ni`dg chainmzc' odcltp chc `czmkclmh omemh

ptktmh `mh lmmlpdczpcl nmzche.nmzche ni`dg(

Pmodg ?(= Ptktmh `mh lmmlpdczpcl ni`dg chainmzc' \Mnzsmf' ?224^

Hmnm Ptktmh Lmrmlpd

rczpcl

NRP Ndh`tlthe ldecmpmh

irdmzcihmg

@dpmcg' odicdhpmzc rm`m jmpmpmh(

Rdheigmfmh zpmh`m(

Fmzcg fmtz `mrmp `crdjmsm

Pdlhigiec zpmocg(


32/222

:2

Gmhktpmh Pmodg ?(= Ptktmh `mh lmmlpdczpcl ni`dg chainmzc \Mnzsmf'

?224^

Hmnm Ptktmh Lmrmlpdrczpcl

NRN Odhptl gmrimh zpmh`m' ldzcnrtgmh czc(

_detgm `mh odtgmhe(

Pdrmp umlpt `mh `mrmp `crdjmsm(

Ni`dg zd`dfmhm `mh zptlpt zpmpcz(

Pdlhigiec pdpmr(

NRL Ndh`tlthe rdnotmpmh

ldrtptzmh

Amzcgcpmz gdocf `mc zczpdn zpmh`m(

Kmumomh jdrmp thptl ldrdgtmh odmemn(

Rdgt agdlzcodg `mh nt`mf `cpdcnm(

Rdgt ni`dg.ni`dg `mh ndnotmp ni`dg(

Pdlhigiec odtomf(

NRD Ndh`tlthe ldrdgtmh

chainmzc dlzdltpca

Pchelmp pcheec' pdldginril' zpmh`m(

Ndhechpdemzclmh omhsml ztnod `mpm(

Rdgt jdrmp umlpt `mh mltmp(

Dlzdltpca zdgmgt ltmpc `mh odfmpc.fmpc(

Pdlhigiec odtomf(

Ni`dg.ni`dg chainmzc pdzdotp pdlmcp `dhemh chainmzc smhe odlmcpmh

`dhemh nmhmkdndh' rm`m tntnhsm odathezc zdjmm irdmzcihmg ndheigmf

`mpm thptl ndhefmzcglmh chainmzc smhe `crdgtlmh thptl ndhkmumo mpmt

ndhsd`cmlmh kmumomh omec rdpmhsmmh.rdpmhsmmh rm`m nmhmkdndh `c gdqdg

pmlpcz nmtrth `c gdqdg zpmpdecz(

?( Ni`dg rdheigmfmh pmhzmlzc

Thptl ldrdgtmh rdnomfmzmh chainmzc nmhmkdndh nmlm lcpm mlmh

ndnomfmz ndhedhmc `mpm rdheigmfmh ldecmpmh pmhzmlzc smhe `czdotp Ni`dg

Rdheigmfmh Pmhzmlzc &NRP# smhe ndtrmlmh mumg ntgmhsm rdheigmfmh `mpm

ndhkm`c chainmzc thptl zdpcmr pchelmpmh nmhmkdndh(


33/222

:=

Odcltp m`mgmf emnom mzcpdlpt Ni`dg Rdheigmfmh Pmhzmlzc( Mzcpdlpt

`czchc `cmpclmh zdomemc omemh ldkm mpmt ldmhelm ldkm `mc Ni`dg

Rdheigmfmh Pmhzmlzc(

Emnom ?(=2 Mzcpdlpt Ni`dg Rdheigmfmh Pmhzmlzc' \Mnzsmf' ?224^

:( Ni`dg rdh`tlthe nmhmkdndh

Ni`dg Rdh`tlthe Nmhmkdndh &NRN# m`mgmf zczpdn smhe ndnomhpt

nmhmkdndh pdfm`mr ldrdgtmh pdzd`cmhsm chainmzc gmrimh smhe pdzptlpt

`mh odzcamp ldzcnrtgmh thptl ldrdgtmh rdci`cl mpmt ldrdgtmh ndh`m`ml(

Ldgtmmh NRN chc `cri`tlzc zdjmm tpch `mh `cethmlmh pdtpmnm thptl

ndheihpig mlpcacpmz &ldecmpmh#' umgmtrth ldgtmmh pdzdotp `mrmp ktem

`cethmlmh thptl ldrdgtmh rddhjmhmmh `mh rdhe.iemhczmzcmh(

Ocmzmhsm `mpm igmfmh thptl mrgclmzc NRN `cotmp mpmt `czd`cmlmh igdf NRP

`mh ztnod.ztnod `mpm chpdhmg gmch( Zdgmhktphsm NRN ndnrizdz `mpm

NRP `dhemh ndhedginrillmh `mh ndnotmp ainmphsm' ldnt`cmh

ndnri`tlzc gmrimh( Emnom odcltp ndnrdgcfmplmh mzcpdlpt `mc NRN;

Emnom ?(== Mzcpdlpt Ni`dg Rdh`tlthe Nmhmkdndh' \Mnzsmf' ?224^


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:?

0( Ni`dg rdh`tlthe ldrtptzmh

Ni`dg Rdh`tlthe Ldrtptzmh &NRL# m`mgmf amzcgcpmz pdnchmg linrtpd

chpdmlpca thptl ldrdgtmh `tlthemh rdnotmpmh ldrtptzmh nmhtzcm( NRL

odod`m fmghsm `dhemh NRP `mh NRN `cnmhm pc`ml zdgmgt ndh`tlthe

rizdz smhe zd`mhe odkmgmh( NRL zdche `cotmp thptl ndndjmflmh nmzmgmf

rm`m omzcz rdheigmfmh lftztz( Emnom `comumf ndnrdgcfmplmh mzcpdlpt

mrgclmzc NRL( @mpm `mc mrgclmzc NRP `mh NRN ndtrmlmh ztnod nmztlmh

omec riemn NRL' zdomemcnmhm `mpm `mc ztnod.ztnod dlzpdhmg gmch(

Emnom ?(=? Mzcpdlpt Ni`dg Rdh`tlthe Ldrtptzmh' \Mnzsmf' ?224^

4( Ni`dg rdh`tlthe dlzdltpca

Ni`dg Rdh`tlthe Dlzdltpca &NRD# ndtrmlmh zczpdn chainmzc smhe

ndh`tlthe ldrdgtmh chainmzc rmm dlzdltpca zdhci( NRD ndnotmp

ldzcnrtgmh `mpm `mh ndhsd`cmlmh `mpm mpmt chainmzc pchelmp smhe rmgche

pcheec( Ocmzmhsm ndhefmzcglmh gmrimh `mgmn odhptl &ainmp# smhe zpmh`m

`mh zdche `czdpmc `dhemh emacl(

NRD ndtrmlmh zczpdn pdomt `cmhpmm ni`dg.ni`dg zczpdn chainmzc

zdodgtnhhsm' `mh zmnrmc zmmp chc nmzcf odgtn omhsml `cethmlmh( Fmg cpt

pdkm`c lmdhm ldomhsmlmh dlzdltpca ndntgmc lmchsm zdodgtn zczpdn

chainmzc `dhemh `mzm linrtpd `cethmlmh zdjmm gtmz( Zdgmnm chc

rdldkmmhhsm `cgmltlmh od`mzmlmh gieclm `mh rdmzmmhhsm nmzche.nmzche'

smhe ldomhsmlmh pc`ml od`mzmlmh `mpm `mh chainmzc smhe `crdigdf `mh


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::

`crizdz zdjmm cgncmf ndhttp lmc`mf.lmc`mf Nmhmkdndh Zczpdn Chainmzc

&NZC#(

Emnom odcltp ndnrdgcfmplmh omfum NRD ndhdcnm `mpm `mc ni`dg.

ni`dg zczpdn chainmzc gmchhsm( NRD ktem ndhdcnm nmztlmh `mc rcfml gmch

smhe ndnomhpt dlzdltpca' nczmghsm mzczpdh m`nchczpmpca( Zdomemcnmhm

`cldpmftc zmzmmh tpmnm NRD m`mgmf ndh`mrmplmh `mpm `mc odomemc ztnod

ldnt`cmh ndhechpdemzclmh `mh ndnod`msmlmh `mpm pdzdotp zdpm

ndnrdmemlmh fmzcg chainmzchsm `mgmn odhptl smhe linrdfdhzca `mh

nt`mf `cethmlmh(

Emnom ?(=: Mzcpdlpt Ni`dg Rdh`tlthe Dlzdltpca' \Mnzsmf' ?224^

?(: Lihzdr @mzm @mpm

?(:(= @dachczc @mpm

@mpm `mrmp `c`dachczclmh zdomemc odcltp;

@mpm m`mgmf amlpm smhe zt`mf `cptgcz `mgmn odhptl jmpmpmh mpmt `cdlmn

ld `mgmn odomemc odhptlnd`cm' &Mnzsmf' ?224#(

@mpm m`mgmf ldhsmpmmh smhe ndheemnomlmh ztmpt ldkm`cmh.ldkm`cmh

`mh ldzmptmh hsmpm' &Kiecsmhpi' =333#(

M`mrth fcdmlc &pchelmpmh# dgdndh.dgdndh `mpm smhe `crmlmc thptl

ndutkt`lmh rizdz pdodhptlhsm chainmzc' zdomemc odcltp;


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:0

=( Jfmmjpd(

Dgdndh chc pd`cc `mc zdotmf ftta' mhelm' `mh odomemc zcnoig

gmchhsm( Nczmghsm ftta M' V' A' mpmt mhelm 0' 4' 3 mpmt zcnoig zdrdpc

zcnoig `iggm' jdhp' `mh zdomemchsm(

?( Acdg`(

Acdg` ndtrmlmh zdldginril lmmlpd smhe ndumlcgc ztmpt

lmmlpdczpcl `mc pdnrmp' imhe' zdztmpt( Nczmghsm acdg` smhe `cotmp

thptl ndmhnrthe hmnm mlmh odczc `mpm hmnm.hmnm smhe pd`cc `mc

ftta.ftta zmkm( Acdg` `c`dzmch thptl ndntmp mgmnmp' mlmh odczc

`mpm.`mpm mgmnmp smhe pd`cc `mc emothemh ftta.ftta `mh mhelm(

:( _dji`(

Dgdndh chc ndtrmlmh zdltnrtgmh `mc acdg` smhe zmgche odftothemh(

Zdomemc jihpif' zmpt _dji` `mpm ndhedhmc pdnmh lcpm' mlmh pd`cc

`mc acdg` hmnm' acdg` mgmnmp' acdg` fioc' `mh zdomemchsm(

0( Acgd(

Dgdndh chc ndtrmlmh emothemh `mc _dji`._dji` smhe zmgche

pdlmcp( Nczmghsm' zdgttf `mpm pdnmh lcpm smhe pd`cc `mc 02 _dji`

`czcnrmh ndhkm`c zmpt `mgmn ztmpt pdnrmp( Um`mf odltnrtghsm

_dji` pdzdotp `czdotp Acgd(

4( @mpmomzd(

Dgdndh chc ndtrmlmh emothemh `mc ododmrm Acgd smhe zmpt zmnm

gmch zmgche odlmcp' zdfcheem ndhefmzcglmh ztmpt chainmzc smhe lcpm

otptflmh( Zdomemc jihpif lcpm ndnrthsmc `mpmomzd ndhedhmc

ldrdemumcmh( Lmpmlmhgmf' lcpm ndnrthsmc Acgd smhe ndheigmf

oci`mpm rdemumc' Acgd smhe ndhjmpmp ldnmnrtmh rdemumc' `mh Acgd

smhe ndhmhemhc emkc rdemumc( Nmlm Acgd.Acgd pdzdotp mlmh `czmptlmh

`mh `c`msmethmlmh zdjmm odzmnm.zmnm `mgmn ndnodhptl chainmzc(

Odcltp m`mgmf emnom amlpm smhe `cdlmn mpmt `cptgcz ndhkm`c `mpm( @mpm

ldnt`cmh `cnmztlmh ld linrtpd `mh zdgmhktphsm `cigmf ndhkm`c chainmzc( @mpm

ipdhpcl smcpt `mpm `mgmn odhptl mzgchsm zdh`cc' ldnt`cmh `czcnrmh zdomemc mzcr

ipdhpcl( Ocgm `crdgtlmh thptl ldrdhpchemh m`nchczpmpca `mh ftltn' nmlm mzcr


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ipdhpcl pdzdotp `mrmp `cldgtmlmh)`cmnocg `mc pdnrmp rdhscnrmhmhhsm( Odcltp

m`mgmf emnom ftothemh mhpmm amlpm' `mpm' mzcr `mh chainmzc(

Emnom ?(=0 Ftothemh Amlpm' @mpm' Mzcr `mh Chainmzc' \Mnzsmf' ?224^

?(:(? Kdhcz @mpm

@clmpmlmh omfum `mpm m`mgmf amlpm.amlpm ldecmpmh iemhczmzc `dhemh thcp.

thcphsm( Thptl ldrdgtmh rdhtgczmh `mpm `dhemh ldpmz mpmt lmpt `mh rdnmztlmh

`mpm ld linrtpd' nmlm `mpm `mrmp `cldginrillmh ndhkm`c `tm' smcpt `mpm zpmpcz

`mh `mpm `chmncz(

@mpm zpmpcz m`mgmf kdhcz `mpm smhe tntnhsm pc`ml odtomf mpmt kmmhe

odtomf' nczmghsm c`dhpcpmz hmnm &imhe' iemhczmzc pmt pdnrmp#' li`d.li`d

hini &hini; lmpt rdh`t`tl' dldhche' rdemumc' mztmhzc#' `mh)mpmt mgmnmp(

@mpm `chmncz m`mgmf kdhcz `mpm smhe zdgmgt odtomf omcl `mgmn adltdhzc

umlpt smhe zchelmp &fmcmh#' mpmt meml gmnm &otgmhmh)zdndzpdmh# `mh gmch.gmch(

@mpm pdzdotp zdche `clmpmlmh zdomemc rddnmkmmh &tr`mpche# `mpm( Nczmghsm' `mpm

pmothemh' `mpm emkc' hcgmc nmfmzczum' tzcm `mh zdomemchsm(

?(:(: Ztnod @mpm

Od`mzmlmh ztnodhsm' `mpm `mrmp `cldginrillmh ndhkm`c `tm' smcpt &=#

`mpm chpdhmg `mh &?# `mpm dlzpdhmg( @mpm chpdhmg m`mgmf `mpm smhe odmzmg `mc

`mgmn iemhczmzc cpt zdh`cc' smcpt iemhczmzc rtzmp `mh jmomhe.jmomhehsm( @mpm


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:1

dlzpdhmg m`mgmf `mpm smhe odmzmg `mc ztnod.ztnod smhe odm`m `cgtm

iemhczmzc cpt zdh`cc(

Od`mzmlmh czchsm' omcl `mpm chpdhmg nmtrth `mpm dlzpdhmg `mrmp `comec

ndhkm`c dnrmp ldginril' smcpt &=# jmpmpmh ldecmpmh' &?# fmzcg rdhdgcpcmh' &:# `mpm

gchelthemh `mh &0# `mpm rdmptmh(

Thptl gdocf kdgmzhsm' rdhedginrilmh ztnod `mpm omcl `cgcfmp `mc zdec

ztnodhsm nmtrth `mc zdec czchsm' pdptmhe rm`m emnom odcltp;

Emnom ?(=4 Rdhedginrilmh @mpm' \Mnzsmf' ?224^

?(:(0 Rdheigmfmh @mpmRdldkmmh rdheigmfmh `mrmp `cgmltlmh `dhemh mgmp rdheigmfmh odqmcmzc

`mh `clinochmzclmh mhpmm zmpt `dhemh smhe gmchhsm( Zdrdpc rdheigmfmh `mpm

zdjmm nmhtmg' `dhemh ndheethmlmh ndzch nmhtmg' ndzch dgdlpihcl nmtrth

`dhemh ndheethmlmh linrtpd( Fmg cpt pdemhphte `mc jmm rdheigmfmh' kdhcz

`mh qigtnd `mpm smhe `cigmf' ldpdgcpcmh `mh `mh ldjdrmpmh rdheigmfmh smhe

`cfmmrlmh' `mh odhptl chainmzc smhe `cchechlmh zdomemc ldgtmmhhsm(

Rdheigmfmh' pmhzainmzc mpmt nmhcrtgmzc m`mgmf rizdz rdtomfmh odhptl

&`mpm# ndhkm`c odhptl &chainmzc# gmch( @mgmn rizdz rdheigmfmh `mpm' pd`mrmp

gmhelmf.gmhelmf irdmzcihmg zdomemc rizdz' fcheem `c`mrmplmhhsm chainmzc

smhe `cotptflmh( Zdomemcnmhm omemh rdheigmfmh `mpm `c omumf' `mrmp `cgcfmp

omfum nmztlmh `mpm pd`cc `mc ldginril ztnod `mpm chpdhmg `mh dlzpdhmg(


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Emnom ?(=1 Rdheigmfmh @mpm ndhkm`c Chainmzc' \Mnzsmf' ?224^

Emnom `c mpmz ndhthktllmh omfum rdheigmfmh `mpm `ctmclmh `mgmn

odhptl gmhelmf.gmhelmf irdmzcihmg( Rmhmf emcz ndhthktllmh `mpm `mh chainmzc

smhe `clinthclmzclmh ndhttp zclgtz rdheigmfmh mpmt ldecmpmh ptheemg( Rmhmf

`dhemh emcz rtptz.rtptz ndhthktllmh linthclmzc tnrmh omgcl smhe `crdgtlmh

thptl ndnrdigdf pmnomfmh `mpm `mh thptl rdheethmmh `mpm cpt ldnomgc rm`m

pdnchmg `mpm omec ldrdgtmh smhe mlmh `mpmhe(

?(0 _dzdrqmzcFipdg

?(0(= Rdhedpcmh _dzdrqmzc

_dzdqmzc m`mgmf zdotmf rizdz rdkmhkcmh odtrm rdndzmhmh zdotmf

ri`tl omcl ommhe nmtrth kmzm `cnmhm rm`m zmmp cpt pdgmf pd`mrmp ldzdrmfmnmh

mhpmm lihztndh `dhemh ri`tzdh ndhedhmc ri`tl pdzdotp hmnth odgtn

`cptptr igdf zdotmf pmhzmlzc ktmg.odgc( Rm`m zmmp dzdqmzc odgmhezthe ocmzmhsm

`cpmh`mc `dhemh m`mhsm rizdz ptlm ndhtlm chainmzc mhpmm lihztndh `mh


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ri`tzdh mem ldzdrmfmnmh ndhedhmc ri`tl `mrmp pdutkt`( Ndhemrm dzdqmzc

ndhkm`c zdotmf nd`cm smhe zmhemp dadlpca omcl omec ri`tzdh nmtrth omec

lihztndh9( Mgmzmhhsm m`mgmf zdomemc odcltp ; &Zcgmgmfc' ?223#(

=( Ldthpthemh omec ri`tzdh ;

Ri`tzdh mlmh `mrmp ndgmltlmh dqmgtmzc pdfm`mr ri`tl smhe mlmh nddlm

ktmg ndgmgtc pchelmp pcheec dh`mfhsm ktngmf dzdqmzc kmtf zdodgtn ri`tl

pdzdotp `cktmg &ommhe# mpmtrth `czdgdheemmlmh &kmzm#' `cnmhm fmzcg dqmgtmzc

pdzdotp mlmh ndnomhpt ri`tzdh thptl ndhdhptlmh gmhelmf rdnmzmmh smhe

mlmh `cmnocg pdfm`mr ri`tl smhe mlmh `cktmg pdzdotp(

?( Ldthpthemh omec lihztndh ;

Ndgmgtc nd`cm dzdqmzc lihztndh `mrmp ndhcnomhe pdgdocf `mftgt zdodgtn

ndnodgc ri`tl zmnrmc `dhemh umlpt smhe pdgmf `cpdhptlmh &pcnd gcncp#(

Zmnrmc `dhemh pcnd gcncp smhe pdgmf `cpdhptlmh ri`tl smhe pdgmf `crdzmh

pdzdotp pc`ml oigdf `cktmg ldrm`m lihztndh gmch' lmdhm zdjmm pdptgcz nmtrth

pc`ml zmnrmc `dhemh pcnd gcncp ri`tl pdzdotp pdgmf `crcipmzlmh ldrm`m

lihztndh smhe pdgmf ndgmltlmh dzdqmzc( Fmg chc mlmh zmhemp ndhethpthelmh

lihztndh lmdhm zmnrmc `dhemh pcnd gcncp smhe `cpdhptlmh' lihztndh `mrmp

ndgmltlmh rdomh`chemh `dhemh ri`tl gmch( Zdgmch cpt' kclm pdkm`c zdztmpt `mh

gmch fmg smhe ndhefmtzlmh lihztndh thptl ompmg ndnodgc ri`tl pdzdotp'

lihztndh smhe odzmheltpmh pc`ml fmtz ndnodgc ri`tl pdzdotp(

?(0(? Rdhedpcmh Fipdg

Lmpm Fipdg `tgthsm odmzmg `mc lmpm FIZRCPCTN &omfmzm Gmpch#' mpchsm

tmhe pmnt( @mgmn kmhelm umlpt gmnm lmpm fizrcpctn ndhemgmnc rizdz

rdtomfmh rdhedpcmh `mh thptl ndnod`mlmh mhpmm Etdzp Fitzd `dhemh

Nmhzcih Fitzd &tnmf odzm# smhe odldnomhe rm`m zmmp cpt' nmlm tnmf.

tnmf odzm `czdotp `dhemh FIZPDG(

Zdztmc `dhemh rdldnomhemh lmpm fizpdg gmnomp gmth ndhemgmnc

rdtomfmh( Ftta z rm`m lmpm fizpdg pdzdotp `cfcgmhelmh zdfcheem ldnt`cmh

lmpm fizpdg odtomf ndhkm`c Fipdg zdrdpc mrm smhe lcpm ldhmg zdlmmhe(

Ndhttp ododmrm rdhedpcmh' Fipdg `c`dachczclmh zdomemc odcltp ;


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Ndhttp @ckdh Rmcuczmpm @drrmrizpdg

Fipdg m`mgmf ztmpt kdhcz mlini`mzc smhe ndnrdethmlmh zdomecmh

mpmt zdgttf omhethmh' thptl ndhsd`cmlmh kmzm rdhechmrmh' nmlmh `mh

nchtn' zdpm kmzm gmchhsm omec tntn' smhe `cldgigm zdjmm lindzcmg(

Ndhttp Ztmp Ldrtptzmh Ndhpdc Rdftothemh _(C Hi( RN =2)RU

:2=)Rfo( 55' pmheemg =? @dzdnod =355

Fipdg m`mgmf ztmpt odhptl mlini mzc smhe `cldgigm zdjmm lindzcmg'

`czd`cmlmh omec zdpcmr imhe thptl ndnrdigdf rdgmsmhmh rdhechmrmh'

odcltp nmlmh `mh nchtn(

Ndhttp Udozpd

Fipdg m`mgmf ztmpt omhethmh mpmt ztmpt gdnomem smhe ndhsd`cmlmh

lmnm thptl ndhechmr' nmlmh `mh nchtn zdpm rdgmsmhmh gmchhsm thptl

tntn

Km`c Fipdg `mrmp `clmpmlmh ndtrmlmh zmgmf zmpt odhptl rdgmsmhmh rtogcl

smhe ndhmumlmh ztmpt kmzm `mgmn fmg rdhsd`cmmh pdnrmp pcheemg' smhe zcamphsm

zdndhpmm `mh `mgmn umlpt.umlpt pdpdhpt omec zcmrm zmkm smhe ndndgtlmhhsm(

?(0(: Rdhedpcmh _dzdrqmzcFipdg

_dzdqmzc fipdg m`mgmf ztmpt rdnchpmmh thptl ndnrdigdf lmnm smhe

`cgmltlmh ododmrm umlpt zdodgtnhsm igdf odomemc ztnod `dhemh odomemc

jmm rdndzmhmh thptl ndnmzpclmh omfum pmnt mlmh ndnrdigdf lmnm rm`m

umlpt jfdjl.ch(

Ldecmpmh ndhdcnm dzdqmzc `chmnmlmh ldecmpmh smhe ndhktmg lmnm `mh

amzcgcpmz fipdg gmchsm `cnmhm zdodgtn pmnt `mpmhe pcom `c fipdg' nmlm pmnt mlmh

pdgdocf mftgt fmtz ndgmltlmh dzdqmzc ethm ndh`mrmplmh ldrmzpcmh omfum

pmnt pdzdotp mlmh ndh`mrmplmh lmnm zdumlpt cm jfdjl.ch `c fipdg( Rdndzmhmh

lmnm ocmzmhsm `cgmltlmh igdf pmnt ododmrm fmc mpmt ododmrm ncheet zdodgtn

ld`mpmhemh(&Zidhmhi'?221#(


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02

?(4 Lihzdr Rdhednomhemh Zczpdn

?(4(= Rdhedpcmh Ndpiìgiec Odicdhpmzc Iokdl

Ndpiìgiec Odicdhpmzc Iokdl m`mgmf ztmpt zpmpdec rdnomhethmh

rdmhelmp gthml smhe ndheiemhczmzclmh rdmhelmp gthml zdomemc ltnrtgmh

iokdl smhe odczc `mpm `mh irdmzc smhe `codgmltlmh pdfm`mrhqm(

Zdotmf zczpdn smhe `comheth `dhemh od`mzmlmh ndpi`d odicdhpmzc iokdl

m`mgmf zdotmf zczpdn smhe linrihdhhsm `cotheltz &`cdhlmrztgmzc# ndhkm`c

ldginril `mpm `mh athezc( Zdpcmr linrihdh `mgmn zczpdn pdzdotp `mrmp

ndumczc mpcotp `mh zcamp `mh linrihdh gmchhsm zdpm `mrmp odchpdmlzc zmpt

zmnm gmchhsm( M`mrth rdomh`chemh mhpmm ndpiìgiec lihqdhzcihmg `dhemh

ndpiìgiec iokdl m`mgmf zdomemc odcltp;

Pmogd ?(? Rdomh`chemh ndpiìgiec lihqdhzcihmg `dhemh ndpiìgiec iokdl

Hi Ndpiìgiec Lihqdhzcihmg Ndpiìgiec Iokdl

= Ndpiìgiec lihqdhzcihmg

ndheethmlmh ododmrm mgmp thptl

ndheemnomlmh ni`dg zdrdpc @M@'

D_@' @A@(

Ndpiìgiec iokdl fmhsm

ndheethmlmh zmpt kdhcz ni`dg smhe

`czdnrthmlmh ntgmc `mc mhmgczcz

zmnrmc rdnotmpmh zczpdn(

? Ndpiìgiec lihqdhzcihmg' `mpm `mh

rizdz `cmheemr linrihdh smhe

odgmchmh(

Ndpiìgiec iokdl ndhemheemr `mpm

`mh rizdz ndtrmlmh omecmh iokdl(

: Ndpiìgiec lihqdhzcihmg `cptktlmh

thptl ndgdhelmrc rdniemnmh

pdzptlpt omfmzm edhdmzc ld : &:EG#(

Ndpiìgiec iokdl `cptktlmh thptl

omfmzm 0EG(

?(4(? LmmlpdczpclZczpdn Odicdhpmzc Iokdl

Lmmlpdczpcl smhe `cncgclc zdotmf zczpdn odicdhpmzc iokdl mhpmm gmch

&Hteifi' ?224#;


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0=

=( Mozpmlzc

Rchzcr thptl nddrdzdhpmzclmh `thcm hsmpm smhe linrgdlz ndhkm`c zmpt

odhptl ni`dg smhe zd`dfmhm `dhemh ndhemomclmh mzrdl.mzrdl gmch smhe

pc`ml zdztmc `dhemh rdnmzmgmfmh(

?( Rdnotheltzmh &Dhjmrztgmpcih#

Rdnotheltzmh mpcotp `mpm `mh gmsmhmh &irdmzc.irdmzc# smhe `crthsmc

iokdl( thptl ndhsdnothsclmh cnrgdndhpmzc `mh iokdl zdfcheem iokdl gmch

pc`ml ndhedpmftc jmm ldkm.hsm(

:( Rdumczmh &Chfdcpmhjd#

Ndlmhcznd smhe ndnthelchlmh zmpt iokdl ndumczc zdomecmh mpmt zdgttf

`dachczc `mh iokdl gmch zdomemc omecmh `mh `cchsm(

0( _dtzmocgcgs

Rdnmhammpmh ldnomgc iokdl smhe zt`mf `c`dachczclmh thptl ztmpt

rdnmzmgmfmh rm`m rdnmzmgmfmh gmchhsm smhe ndgcomplmh iokdl pdzdotp(

4( Edhdmgczmzc `mh Zrdzcmgczmzc

Ndhthktllmh ftothemh mhpmm ldgmz `mh iokdl smhe tntn `dhemh ldgmz `mh

iokdl smhe lftztz(

1( Linthclmzc Mhpm Iokdl

Linthclmzc mhpm iokdl `cgmltlmh gdump rdzmh &ndzzmed# smhe `clccn `mh

zmpt iokdl ld iokdlgmchhsm(

5( Rigsnirfczn

Ldnmnrtmh ztmpt iokdl thptl `cethmlmh `c omhsml ptktmh smhe odod`m

`dhemh hmnm smhe zmnm zdfcheem ndhefdnmp omcz riemn(

?(4(: Ldthpthemh Ndpi`igiec Odicdhpmzc Iokdl

Ldthpthemh Ndpi`igiec Odicdhpmzc Iokdl `cmhpmmhsm ;

=( Ndhchelmplmhri`tlpcqcpmz

Lmdhm ldgmz `mh iokdl smhe `cpdntlmh `mgmn ztmpt nmzmgmf nmzcf `mrmp

`crmlmc tgmhe thptl nmzmgmf gmchhsm smhe ndgcomplmh iokdl pdzdotp

&dtzmogd#(


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?( Ldjdrmpmh rdhednomhemh

Lmdhm zczpdn smhe `comheth `dhemh omcl `mh odhm rm`m zmmp mhmgczcz `mh

rdmhjmhemh mlmh ndhsdomolmh odltmhehsm ldzmgmfmh rm`m zmmp

rdheli`dmh(

:( Ldnt`mfmh rdndgcfmmmh(

Lmdhm `dhemh ni`dg iokdl( rigm.rigm smhe jdh`dthe pdpmr `mh zpmocg

`mrmp `crczmflmh `mh rigm.rigm smhe nthelch zdche odtomf.tomf(

0( M`mhsm lihzczpdhzc

Lmdhm zcamp rdumczmh `mh rdheethmmh hipmzc smhe zmnm rm`m zmmp

mhmgczcz' rdmhjmhemh nmtrth rdheli`dmh(

4( Ndhchelmplmh ltmgcpmz rdmhelmp gthml

Lmdhm rdh`dlmpmh rdhednomhemh gdocf `dlmp `dhemh `thcm hsmpm `mh

m`mhsm lihzczpdhzc rm`m zmmp rdhednomhemhhsm' rdmhelmp gthml smhe

`cfmzcglmh mlmh nmnrt ndndhtfc ldotptfmh rdnmlmc(

?(1 Thcacd` Ni`dggche Gmhetmed &TNG#

?(1(= Rdhedpcmh Thcacd` Ni`dggche Gmhetmed &TNG#

Thcacd` Ni`dggche Gmhetmed ndtrmlmh zdotmf hipmzc emacz zpmh`m

thptl ndheemnomlmh zczpdn odicdhpmzc iokdl smhe ndtrmlmh fmzcg ldkmzmnm`mc Em`s Oiijf' Kmndz _tnomtef `mh Cqm Kmjiozih( @mh `c`dachczclmh

zdomemc odcltp;

@mgmn rdni`dgmh zczpdn odicdhpmzc iokdl `cethmlmh TNG zdomemc

omfmzm zpmh`m rdni`dgmh( Odcltp ndtrmlmh rdhedpcmh TNG ndhttp zmgmf

zmpt ztnod(

Thcacd` Ni`dgche Gmhetmed &TNG# m`mgmf ztmpt omfmzm thptl

ndhdpmrlmh' ndnomheth' ndnqcztmgczmzclmh' `mh ndh`iltndhpmzclmh

zczpdn rdmhelmp gthml `mh linrihdh.linrihdhhsm' &Omfmnc' Mgc'

=333#(

Thcacd` Ni`dgche Gmhetmed m`mgmf zmpt ltnrtgmh lihqdhzc rdni`dgmh

smhe `cethmlmh thptl ndhdhptlmh mpmt ndheemnomlmh zdotmf zczpdn

ziapumd smhe pdlmcp `dhemh iokdl' &Ufcppdh' Kdaads' ?220#(


45/222

0:

Od`mzmlmh rdhedpcmh `cmpmz TNG ndtrmlmh zdotmf omfmzm rdni`dgmh

ztmpt zczpdn od`mzmlmh emacl mpmt emnom thptl ndhzrdzcaclmzclmh'

ndnomheth' ndhqcztmgczmzclmh `mh ndh`iltndhpmzclmh ztmpt zczpdn rdmhelmp

gthml odicdhpmzc iokdl( TNG ndnodclmh zpmh`m rdhtgczmh zdotmf zczpdn smhe

ndgcrtpc lihzdr oczhcz rizdz' rdhtgczmh ldgmz' zldnm `mpm omzd' `mh linrihdh

smhe `crdgtlmh `mgmn zczpdn rdmhelmp gthml(

?(1(? Mptmh Thcacd` Ni`dggche Gmhetmed

Otcg`che ogijlz TNG pc`ml `mrmp `cztzth `dhemh jmm zd`dfmhm( Zdrdpc

omfmzm gmchhsm' TNG ndnrthsmc ododmrm mptmh smhe ndhdpmrlmh omfum

zdotmf ni`dg smhe omcl m`mgmf zmpt ldzmptmh smhe ndnodhptl zdotmf zdnmhpcl

smhe lihzczpdh `mh zdgmmz rm`m zdntm ni`dg smhe oddgmzc(

TNG ndncgclc mptmh.mptmh zdnmhpcl \Oiijf' =333^ thptl;

. Hmnd' ndhthktllmh hmnm thptl pfchez' dgmpcihzfcrz `mh `cmemnz(

. Zjird' ndhthktllmh mpc zrdzcacl rm`m zdotmf hmnm(

. Qczcocgcps' ndhthktllmh omemcnmhm zdotmf hmnm `mrmp `cgcfmp `mh

`cethmlmh igdf smhe gmch(

. Chpdecps' ndhthktllmh dgmzc smhe lihzczpdhzc mhpmm zmpt zmnm

gmchhsm(. Dvdjtpcih' ndhthktllmh zdotmf ni`dg `ckmgmhlmh `mh `czcntgmzclmh(

?(1(: Ndlmhcznd Thcacd` Ni`dggche Gmhetmed

TNG `mrmp `cotmp gdocf zd`dfmhm `dhemh ndnrdethmlmh dnrmp

ndlmhcznd tntn smhe odgmlt \Oiijf' =333^' `cmhpmmhsm smcpt;

. Zrdjcacjmpcihz' ndhthktllmh zdpcmr hipmzc)ni`dg smhe `cotmp `mrmp

`cotmp zrdzcaclmzchsm nmzche.nmzche' zdrdpc hmnm' mcotp `mh irdmzc(

. M`ihndhpz' ndhthktllmh odhptl thcl thptl nmzche.nmzche ni`dg

smhe `cotmp' zdrdpc hipmzc thptl ndnotmp jgmzz(

. Jinnih `cqczcihz' ndhthktllmh ndlmhcznd rdnomecmh smhe `mrmp

`ccnrgdndhpmzclmh rm`m zdrmzmhe ni`dg' zdrdpc jgmzz `dhemh iokdjp'

tzd jmzd `dhemh jiggmoimpcih `mh rdnczmfmh mhpmm chpdamjd `dhemh

cnrgdndhmpcih(


46/222

00

. Dvpdh`zcocgcps ndjfmhcznz' ndhthktllmh omfmzm zpmh`m thptl

rdhtgczmh jdpml oct rcmhpc gthml( Dvpdh`zcocgcps ndjfmhcznz ndgcrtpc

zpddipsrdz' pmeed` qmgtdz' `mh jihzpmchpz(

?(1(0 Qcdu `mgmn Thcacd` Ni`dggche Gmhetmed

TNG ndnodclmh zpmh`m rdni`dgmh zdotmf zczpdn' smhe ndgcrtpc

lihzdr rizdz oczhcz' rdhtgczmh ldgmz.ldgmz `mgmn omfmzm riemn smhe zrdzcacl'

zldnm `mpmomzd' `mh linrihdh.linrihdh smhe `crdgtlmh `mgmn zczpdn

rdmhelmp gthml(

Rdni`dgmh zczpdn smhe linrgdlz ndtrmlmh ptemz smhe zmhemp odmp(

Zdztheetfhsm' zdgttf zczpdn `mrmp `cemnomlmh `dhemh emrf ptheemg smhe

ndh`dachczclmh zczpdn zdjmm ldzdgttfmh `dhemh kdgmz' nt`mf odlinthclmzc

`mh `crmfmnc( Pmrc omemcnmhmrth fmg pdzdotp pc`ml nthelch `cgmltlmh( Emrf

ptheemg pc`ml `mrmp ndhjmltr zdgttf chainmzc smhe `cotptflmh thptl

ndheemnomlmh zczpdn( Zczpdn `cemnomlmh `dhemh zdktngmf mzrdl smhe

odod`m ; athezcihmg' hih.athezcihmg `mh mzrdl iemhczmzc( zdfcheem zczpdn `mrmp

`cemnomlmh `mgmn zdktngmf qcdu `cnmhm zdpcmr qcdu nddrdzdhpmzclmh zdotmf

risdlzc `mc emnommh zczpdn zdjmm tptf `dhemh ndhmnrcglmh mzrdl pdpdhpt

`mc zczpdn( Emnom odcltp ndhmnrcglmh qcdu `mgmn TNG(

Emnom ?(=5 Mzcpdlpt Rdni`dgmh Zczpdn' \Oiijf' =333^

?(1(0(= Tzd Jmzd Qcdu

Tzd jmzd qcdu `mc zdotmf zczpdn ndgcrtpc tzd jmzd smhe ndh`dzlcrzclmh

rdcgmlt `mc zczpdn zdrdpc igdf dh` tzd' mhmgcz `mh rdhetkc( Qcdu chc pc`mlpdgmgt

ndhdpmrlmh ldrm`m iemhczmzc `mc zdotmf zczpdn( Mlmh pdpmrc' gdocf ndhcpcl

odmplmh ldrm`m mzcpdlpt `mc zdotmf zczpdn( @dhemh TNG' mzrdl zpmpcz `mc


47/222

04

zczpdn `mrmp `ccnrgdndhpmzclmh `dhemh ndheethmlmh tzd jmzd `cmemnz< mzrdl

`chmncz `mc zczpdn `mrmp `ccnrgdndhpmzclmh ndheethmlmh chpdmjpcih `cmemnz'

zpmpdjfmp `cmemnz' `mh mjpcqcps `cmemnz \Oiijf' =333^(

?(1(0(? @dzceh Qcdu

@dzceh qcdu `mc zczpdn ndgcrtpc jgmzz' chpdamjd' `mh jiggmoimpcih smhe

ndnodhptl qijmotgms `mc nmzmgmf `mh zigtzchsm( Qcdu chc ndh`tlthe pdfm`mr

ldotptfmh athezcihmg `mc zczpdn( @mgmn mpcmh gmsmhmh `mc zczpdn fmtz nmnrt

ndhsd`cmlmh zigtzc thptl rdheethm mlfc zczpdn( @dhemh TNG' mzrdl zpmpcz `mc

zczpdn `mrmp `ccnrgdndhpmzclmh `dhemh ndheethmlmh jgmzz `cmemnz `mh iokdjp

`cmemnz< mzrdl `chmncz `mc zczpdn `mrmp `ccnrgdndhpmzclmh ndheethmlmh

chpdmjpcih `cmemnz' zpmpdjfmp `cmemnz' `mh mjpcqcps `cmemnz \Oiijf' =333^(

?(1(0(: Rijdzz Qcdu

Rijdzz qcdu `mc zczpdn ndgcrtpc pfdm`z `mh rizdz smhe ndnodhptl

jihjtdhjs zczpdn mh zchlihczmzc ndlmhcznd( Qcdu chc ndhetpmnmlmh

rdainmhjd' zjmgmocgcps `mh pfitefitp `mc zczpdn( @dhemh TNG' `mgmn qcdu

chc mzrdl zpmpcz `mh `chmncz `mc zczpdn `mrmp `ccnrgdndhpmzclmh `dhemh

ndheethmlmh `cmemn zmnm smhe pd`mrmp rm`m `dzceh qcdu( Mlmh pdpmrc' gdocf

ndnailtzlmh rm`m mjpcqd jgmzz smhe nddrdzdhpmzclmh pfdm`z `mh rizdz\Oiijf' =333^(

?(1(0(0 Cnrgdndhpmpcih Qcdu

Cnrgdndhpmpcih qcdu `mc zczpdn ndgcrtpc linrihdh.linrihdh `mh

odlmz.odlmz smhe `cethmlmh thptl ndhstzth `mh ndmhelmc aczcl zczpdn( Qcdu

chc ndhetpmnmlmh lihacetmzc rdhedgigmmh zczpdn( @dhemh TNG' mzrdl zpmpcz `mc

zczpdn `mrmp `ccnrgdndhpmzclmh `dhemh ndheethmlmh jinrihdhp `cmemnz cmnocg zmgmf zmpthsm smcpt Jgmzz@mpm

Pmnt

Jgmzz @mpmomzd Rdzmhmh' Jgmzz Ain _dzdqmzc > Jgmzz Pmhzmlzc' lmdhm odczc

ldecmpmh pmhzmlzc smhe `cgmltlmh tzd pdfm`mr zczpdn

Jgmzz @mpm Lmnm > Jgmzz @mpm Lmnm

Jgmzz Ain Gmrimh>Jgmzz Gmrimh


174/222

=5?

@mpm Pmnt Pmhzmlzc @mpm Lmnm Gmrimh

Emnom :(:5 Jgmzz Rm`m Zczpdn Chainmzc Rdndzmhmh Lmnm Odomzcz Udo

:(?(4(? C`dhpcaclmzc Mpcotp `mh Ndpfi`

Zdpdgmf zdntm jgmzz pdc`dhpcaclmzc' zdgmhktphsm `cgmltlmh c`dhpcaclmzc

pdfm`mr mpcotp `mh ndpfi` smhe `cncgclc pcmr ldgmz( M`mrth mpcotp `mh ndpfi`

pdzdotp `mrmp lcpm rdigdf `mc zd}tdhjd `cmemn smhe pdemnom rm`m ndzzmed

mhpm iokdl( Mpcotp `mh ndpfi` smhe pdc`dhpcaclmzc `mrmp `cgcfmp rm`m pmodg

odcltp(

Pmodg :(:1 C`dhpcaclmzc mpcotp mh ndpfi`

Jgmzz Mprcotp Ndpfi`

@mpm Pmnt C`Pmnt

Dnmcg m``dzz

Rmzzui`

Hmnm

Mgmnmp

Lipm

Kdhcz Ldgmnch

Pdnrmp gmfc

Pmheemg gmfc

Hi(Pdgr

Giech

_deczpmzc

Zcnrmh

D`cp

Fmrtz

Ldgtm

Pmhzmlzc L`Pmhzmlzc

C`Pmnt

L`Lmnm

Pmheemg Pmhzmlzc

Pmheemg Jfdl.Ch

Pmheemg Jfdl.Itp

Gmnm Ndhechmr

Tomf Zpmptz

Pmnomf

D`cp

Ompmg

Omsm

Ldgtm


175/222

=5:

Gmhktpmh Pmodg :(:1 C`dhpcaclmzc mpcotp `mh ndpfi`

Jgmzz Mprcotp Ndpfi`

Fmem

Ktngmf Omsm

Rdnomsmmh

Zpmptz Rdzmhmh

@mpm Lmnm L`Lmnm

Hmnm Lmnm

Pcrd Lmnm

Fmem

Zcnrmh

D`cp

Oiilche

Ldgtm

Gmrimh L`Pmhzmlzc

Hmnm Lmnm

Gmnm Ndhechmr

Pmheemg JdlCh

Pmheemg JdlItp

Fmem

Ktngmf

Ktngmf Lmnm Pdktmg

Pipmg Rdndzmhmh

Gcfmp Gmrimh

Jdpml

Ldgtm

Dhlmrztgmzc

Rchzcr gmchhsm `mc icdhpmzc iokdl m`mgmf dhlmrztgmzc( Dhlmrztgmzc

ndtrmlmh rdhednmzmh cpdn ld`mgmn zmpt thcp' fmg chc `mrmp `cgcfmp `cnmhm

zdotmf iokdl zdnmpm.nmpm odpmheethekmumo pdfm`mr athezc.athezc mpmt

odfmqcit smhe odpch`ml od`mzmlmh `mpmhsm zdh`cc &mpcotp#(

Lihzdr chc `cpdmrlmh rm`m ztmpt iokdl' mpcotp `mh odfmqci)ndpfi`

`crmldplmh odzmnm `mh `crdpcnomhelmh zdomemc omecmh `mc iokdl cpt( Zmpt.

zmpthsm jmm thptl ndhemlzdz mpmt ndtomf mpcotp iokdl m`mgmf ndgmgtc

odfmqcit iokdl zrdzcaclpdzdotp(


176/222

=50

Mpcotp

@mpm Pmnt

C`Pmnt ; PN=

; mhcpmBsmfii(ji(c`

; ++++++++

Hmnm ; Mhcpm

Mgmnmp ; Kg( ZNR : Emtp

Lipm ; Emtp

Kdhcz Ldgmnch ; Rddnrtmh

Pdnrmp Gmfc ; Emtp

Pmheemg Gmfc ; 21 Ijp =361

Hi(Pdgr ; 264:?2201456

Zcnrmh

D`cp

Fmrtz

Ldgtm

Rdhednmzmh `mgmn

zmpt iokdl Pmnt

@mpm Pmnt

C`Pmnt ; PN=

; mhcpmBsmfii(ji(c`

; ++++++++

Hmnm ; Mhcpm

Mgmnmp ; Kg( ZNR : Emtp

Lipm ; Emtp

Kdhcz Ldgmnch ; Rddnrtmh

Pdnrmp Gmfc ; Emtp

Pmheemg Gmfc ; 21 Ijp =361

Hi(Pdgr ; 264:?2201456

Zcnrmh

D`cp

Fmrtz

Ldgtm

Emnom :(:6 Dhlmrztgmzc Iokdl @mpm Pmnt
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


177/222

=54

Mpcotp

Pmhzmlzc

L`Pmhzmlzc ; P_=

C`Pmnt ; PN=L`Lmnm ; LN=

PmheemgPmhzmlzc ; ?2==.24.=1

Pmheemg Jdl Ch ; ?2==.24.?6

Pmheemg Jdl Itp ; ?2==.24.?3

Gmnm ndhechmr ; = fmc

Fmem ; 042(222

Ktngmf Omsm ; 042(222

Rdnomsmmh ; Pmhzad

Zpmptz Rdzmhmh ; Rizdz

Tomf Zpmptz

Pmnomf D`cp

Ompmg

Omsm

Ldgtm

Rdhednmzmh `mgmn zmpt

iokdl @mpm Pmhzmlzc

Pmhzmlzc

L`Pmhzmlzc ; P_=

C`Pmnt ; PN=

L`Lmnm ; LN=

PmheemgPmhzmlz c ; ?2==.24.=1


Pmheemg Jdl Itp ; ?2==.24.?3

Gmnm ndhechmr ; = fmc

Fmem ; 042(222

Ktngmf Omsm ; 042(222

Rdnomsmmh ; Pmhzad

Zpmptz Rdzmhmh ; Rizdz

Tomf Zpmptz

Pmnomf D`cp

Ompmg

Omsm

Ldgtm

Emnom :(:3 Dhlmrztgmzc IokdlPmhzmlzc


178/222

=51

@mpm LmnmMpcotp

L`Lmnm ; LN=

Hmnm Lmnm ; Othemgiu OPcrd Lmnm ; Othemgiu

Fmem ; 042(222

ZcnrmhD`cp

Oiilche

Ldgtm


iokdl @mpm Lmnmr

@mpm Lmnm

L`Lmnm ; LN=

Hmnm Lmnm ; Othemgiu O

Pcrd Lmnm ; Othemgiu

Fmem ; 042(222

Zcnrmh

D`cp

Oiilche

Ldgtm

Emnom :(02 Dhlmrztgmzc Iokdl @mpm Lmnm


179/222

=55

GmrimhMpcotp

L`Pmhzmlzc ; P_=



Pmheemg jdl itp ; ?2==.24.?3

Gmnm Ndhechmr ; = fmc

Fmem ; 042(222

Ktngmf ; 042(222

Ktngmf Lmnm Pdktmg ; = Thcp

Pipmg Rdndzmhmh ; 042(222

Gcfmp Gmrimh

Jdpml Ldgtm


iokdl @mpm Gmrimh

Gmrimh

L`Pmhzmlzc ; P_=



Pmheemg jdl itp ; ?2==.24.?3

Gmnm Ndhechmr ; = fmc

Fmem ; 042(222

Ktngmf ; 042(222

Ktngmf Lmnm Pdktmg ; = ThcpPipmg Rdndzmhmh ; 042(222

Gcfmp Gmrimh

Jdpml

Ldgtm

Emnom :(0= Dhlmrztgmzc IokdlGmrimh


180/222


181/222

=6=

Othemgiu Ztcpd _iin Kthci Ztcpd

Emnom :(0? Rdumczmh Thptl Ldgmz @mpm Lmnm

Medemzc

Medemzc m`mgmf zdotmf ftothemh `cnmhm zmpt ldgmz ufigdsmhe gdocf

odzm odczc zmpt mpmt gdocf ldgmz rmpsmhe gdocf ldjcg( Mpmt ldgmz rmp smhe

gdocf ldjcg m`mgmf omecmh `mc ldgmz ufigd smhe gdocf odzm(

@mpm Pmnt

Ain Chrtp @mpm Pmnt Ain D`cp @mpm Pmnt

Emnom :(0: Medemzc Rm`m @mpm Pmnt

@mpm Lmnm

Ain Chrtp @mpm Lmnm Ain D`cp @mpm Lmnm

Emnom :(00 Medemzc Rm`m @mpm Lmnm


182/222


183/222

=6:

Rdhetkcmh

Rizdz pdmlfc `mc rdmhjmhemh zczpdn `mgmn TM `dhemh ndgmltlmh

rdhetkcmh pdfm`mr zczpdn( Mrmlmf pdgmf ndndhtfc ldotptfmh mpmt nmzcf

pd`mrmp ldltmhemh( Ocgm nmzcf m`m ldltmhemh nmlm `cgmltlmh rdomclmh(

0(= Rdmhjmhemh Ldgmz' Mzizcmzc' Ndpi`d `mh Mprcotp

Rm`m pmfmr chc `cgmltlmh Rdmhjmhemh ldgmz' mzizcmzc' ndpi`d `mh mpcotp

`mc ldgmz' mzizcmzc' ndpi`d `mh mpcotp smhe `crdigdf `mc pmfmr mhmgczcz( M`mrth

rdmhjmhemh ldgmz rdndzmhmh lmnm odomzcz udo od`mzmlmh pmfmr mhmgczcz

m`mgmf zdomemc odcltp ;

@mpmPmnt

C`Pmnt Dnmcg

M``dzz

Rmzzui`

Hmnm

Mgmn mp

Lipm

Kdhc zLdgmnch

P dnrmpGmfc

PmheemgGmfc

HiPdgdrih

Giech

_deczpmzc

Zcnrmh

D`cpFmrtz

Ldgtm

Ndgmltlmh

=((+ =((+

Pmhzmlzc

L`Pmhzmlzc C` P

mnt

L`Lmnm

PmheemgPmhzmlzc

PmheemgJdlCh P

mheemgJdlItp

GmnmNdhechmr

Fmem Ktn

gmfOmsm

Rdnomsmmh

ZpmptzRdzmhmh

TomfZpmptz

Pmnomf

D`cp

Ompmg

Omsm

Ldgtm

Ndnodc @mpm

=((+ =((+

Gmrimh

L`Pmhzmlzc C`P

mnt

L`Lmnm

HmnmLmnm P

mheemgJdlCh P

mheemlJdlItp

GmnmNdhechmr

Fmem

Ktngmf Ktn

gmfLmnmPdktmg P

ipmgRdndzmhmh

GcfmpGmrimh

JdpmlLdgtm

=((+

Mlzdz @m pm

=((+

@mpmLmnm

L`Lmnm

HmnmLmnm

PcrdLmnm

Fmem

Zcnrmh

D`cp

Oiilche

Ldgtm

Emnom 0(? Rdmhjmhemh Ldgmz' Mzizcmzc' Ndpi`d `mh Mpcotp


184/222


185/222

=64

=( _dachd mpcotp rm`m ldgmz `mpm pmnt

Rm`m pmfmr mhmgczcz' ldgmz `mpm pmnt `cc`dhpcaclmzc ndncgclc mpcotp.mpcotp

`c omumf chc ;

c`Ypmnt

dnmcgYm``dzz

rmzzui`

Hmnm

mgmnmp Lipm

kdhczYldgmnch

pdnrmpYgmfc

pmheemgY gmfc

hiYpdgdrih

Zdpdgmf `cgmltlmh dachd nmlm mpcotp.mpcotp `cmpmz `cpmnomflmh chainmzc

zdomemc odcltp ;

*c`Ypmnt ; Chp

*dnmcgYm``dzz ; Qmjfm

*rmzzui` ; Qmjfm*hmnm ; Qmjfm

*mgmnmp ; Qmjfm

*lipm ; Qmjfm

*kdhczYldgmnch ; Qmjfm

*pdnrmpYgmfc ; Qmjfm

*pmheemgY gmfc ; @mpd

*hiYpdgdrih ; Qmjfm

Qczcocgcpmz rm`m zdgttf mpcotp `mgmn ldgmz chc m`mgmf ripdjpd` qczcocgcps'

lmdhm zdgttf mpcotp rm`m ldgmz `mpmpmnt fmhsm mlmh `crmlmc rm`m ldgmz `mpm

pmnt zmkm(


186/222

=61

?( _dachd mpcotp ldgmz pmhzmlzc

Rm`m pmfmr mhmgczcz' ldgmz pmhzmlzc `cc`dhpcaclmzc ndncgclc mpcotp.mpcotp

`c omumf chc ;

l`Ypmhzmlzc

c`Ypmnt

l`Ylmnm

pegYpmhzmlzc

pegYjdlch

pegYjdlitp

gmnmYndhechmr

Fmem

ktngmfYomsm

rdnomsmmh

zpmptzYrdzmhmh

@mc mpcotp.mpcotp `cmpmz m`m smhe fmtz `c dachd smcpt ;

Fmem > fmemYlmnm

ktngmfYomsm > Pipmgrdnomsmmh > ndpi`dYrdnomsmmh

zpmptzYrdzmhmh > Zpmptz

Zdpdgmf `cgmltlmh dachd nmlm mpcotp.mpcotp ldgmz pmhzmlzc `cmpmz

`cpmnomflmh chainmzc zdomemc odcltp ;

*l`Ypmhzmlzc ; Chp

*c`Ypmnt ; Chp

*l`Ylmnm ; Chp

*pegYpmhzmlzc ; @mpd

*pegYjdlch ; @mpd

*pegYjdlitp ; @mpd

*gmnmYndhechmr ; Chp


187/222


188/222

=66

Gmhktpmh zdpdgmf `cgmltlmh dachd mpcotp.mpcotp ldgmz `mpm lmnm rm`m

fmgmnmh zdodgtnhsm `cpmnomflmh chainmzc zdomemc odcltp ;

*hmnmYlmnm ; Qmjfm

*pcrdYlmnm ; Qmjfm

*fmemYuddl`ms ; @itogd

*fmemYuddldh` ; @itogd

*fmemYfigc`ms ; @itogd

*fmemYzrdjcmgmpd ; @itogd

*ktngmfYlmnm ; Chp

*lmrmzcpmz ; Chp

*dvpmYrdzih ; @itogd

*dvmYrdzihYzrdjcmg ; @itogd

0( _dachd mpcotp ldgmz gmrimh

Rm`m pmfmr mhmgczcz' ldgmz gmrimh `cc`dhpcaclmzc ndncgclc mpcotp.mpcotp `c

omumf chc ;

l`Ypmhzmlzc

hmnmYlmnmgmnmYndhechmr

pmheemgYjdlch

pmheemgYjdlitp

fmem

ktngmf

ktngmfYlmnmYpdktmg

pipmgYrdndzmhmh

Zdpdgmf `cgmltlmh dachd nmlm mpcotp.mpcotp ldgmz gmrimh `cmpmz

`cpmnomflmh chainmzc zdomemc odcltp ;

*l`Ypmhzmlzc ; Chp


189/222

=63

Gmhktpmh zdpdgmf `cgmltlmh dachd mpcotp.mpcotp ldgmz gmrimh rm`m

fmgmnmh zdodgtnhsm `cpmnomflmh chainmzc zdomemc odcltp ;

*hmnmYlmnm ; Qmjfm

*gmnmYndhechmr ; Chp

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