firoz shah

TUGHLAQ DYNASTY

TUGHLAQ DYNASTY1320-1398 ADTUGHLAQ DYNASTY1320-1398AD

FIROZ SHAH TUGHLAQ1351-1388WAS A STAUNCH MUSLIMNOT A VERY GOOD ADMINISTRATORA BIG PATRON OF ARCHITECTURENOT VERY AMBITIOUS TO GAIN NEW TERRITORIESNOT ONLY BUILT NEW STRUCTURES BUT RENOVATED/ REPAIRED EXISTING ONESBUILDINGS INCLUDE: FORTS, MOSQUES, PALACES,TOMBS, KHANQAS, BAOLIS,HAUZ,MADRASASHIS MINISTER KHAN-I- JAHAN AND HIS SON ALSO PATRONISED ARCHITECTUREAMONG THE MANY GIFTS THE GOD BESTOWED UPON ME, HIS HUMBLE SERVANT, WAS THE DESIRE TO ERECT PUBLIC BUILDINGS.SO I BUILT MANY MOSQUES AND MADRASAS AND KHANQAS, THAT THE LEARNED AND THE ELDERS, THE DEVOUT AND THE HOLY,MIGHT WORSHIP GOD IN THESE EDIFICES AND AID THE KIND BUILDER WITH THEIR PRAYERS FIROZ SHAH IN ELIOT AND DOWSON HISTORY OF INDIA AS TOLD BY ITS OWN HISTORIANSFIROZ SHAH TUGHLAQ1351-1388AD

SHIFTING OF CAPITAL TO DAULATABAD AND BACK :LOSS OF CAPITALBUT INFLUX OF NEW IDEAS LOSS OF SKILLED CRAFTSPERSONS INCLUDING MASONS CHARACTERESTIC FEATURES OF FIROZ SHAH TUGHLAQ BUILDINGSSO RUBBLE MASONRY OR ROUGHLY DRESSED MASONRY VERY PROMINENTUSE OF DECORATIVE PLASTER : MOSTLY DEVOID OF ORNAMENTATIONBATTERED WALLS FOR STRUCTURAL STABLITYCONICAL TURRETS AT JUNCTIONS

TUGHLAQ DYNASTY1320-1398AD

CITIES ESTABLISHED : FIROZABAD WITH CITADEL FIROZ SHAH KOTLANO REMAINS OF THE CITY WALLS ONLY CITADEL CITY MOVED FURTHER NORTH OF DELHI WITH YAMUNA FLOWING TO THE EAST LACK OF RELIABLE WATER SOURCES IN THE QUTB AREALESSER NEED FOR DEFENSIVE MEASURESHIS PASSION FOR HUNTING : PROXIMITY TO NORTHERN RIDGE AREA

RIVER YAMUNA

PROTECTIVE BARBICAN

BAOLI

MOSQUE

PALACES AND HAREM

CITADEL : IRREGULAR RECTANGLE OF 800M x 400 MALONG THE NORTH SOUTH DIVIDED INTO THREE RECTANGLESCENTRAL CONTAINS IMPORTANT BUILDINGSOTHER TWO: PAVILIONS,GRAPE AND WATER GARDEN,BATHS, TANKS,BARRACKS, ARMOURY AND SERVANTS QUARTERS

LAT PYRAMID

DIWAN-I-KHAS

DIWAN-I-AM

FIROZ SHAH TUGHLAQ1351-1388AD

LAT PYRAMID IN FOUR FLOORS TOPPED BY AN ASOKAN PILLAR FROM AMBALAREFFERED TO AS THE MOSQUES MINARPROBABLY RESIDENTIAL PURPOSES SHOWS INSPIRATION FROM BUDDHIST VIHARAS.


MOSQUE AT FIROZABAD : IN TWO STOREYS. ARCADED GROUND FLOOR PROBABLY FOR SHOPS. FIRST FLOOR FOR PRAYERS.MAIN ENTRANCE ON THE NORTH, DOMED ENTRANCE HALL WITH A FLIGHT OF STEPSBEHIND THE QIBLA A HIGH, NAAROW PASSAGE WITH UNIDENTIFIED FUNCTION REACHED BY STAIRS ON THE NORTH WEST AND SOUTH WEST.COVERED ABLUTION POOL


BAOLI AT KOTLANOT ONLY AS A WATER SOURCE BUT ALSO AS ACOOL PAVILION FOR RESTING


PALACES AT FIROZ SHAH KOTLAKHAS MAHAL,HAREM DOMED AND VAULTED STRUCTURES3 PALACES IN THE CITADEL

OTHER PALACES OR MAHALS IN ALL PARTS OF DELHI TO SATISFY HIS LOVE FOR HUNTING


TUGHLAQ DYNASTY1320-1398AD

FORTS : HISSAR FIRUZA, FATHABAD ( BOTH IN PUNJAB) ARE ON STRATEGIC ROUTES FROM DELHI AND JAUNPUR MAY HAVE BEEN FOR HIS PASSION FOR HUNTING

FIROZ SHAHS FORTS -FORTIFICATIONS ONLY FOR THE CITADEL NOT FOR THE CITY : MORE PEACEFUL TIMES

MOSQUES : BEGAMPURI MASJID90x94 M IN PLAN RAISED ON A PLATFORM

MAIN ENTRY FROM THE EAST - AN IMPOSING GATEWAY WITH A FLIGHT OF STEPS

DOMED CENTRAL IWANS

ARCADE OF TUDOR ARCHES SUPPORTED BY LARGE STONE COLUMNS

LOW DOMES OVER EACH BAY

3 BAY PRAYER HALL

MAQSURA WITH ITS OWN MIHRAB CONNECTED TO THE PALACE




MOSQUES : BEGAMPURI MASJIDCENTRAL COURTYARD 75x68MARCADES PROTECTED BY A PROJECTING CHAJJALARGE SCREEN WALL AT THE QIBLA IWAN SCREENS THE VIEW OF THE LARGE DOME OVER THE QIBLA IWAN FROM THE COURTYARD


MOSQUES : BEGAMPURI MASJIDEXTERIOR WALLS IN RUBBLE MASONARY BATTERED COVERED WITH PLASTERED STUCCO WITH SMALL BLUE GLAZED TILE DECORATION



SIMILAR ARCHITECTURE FOLLOWED IN KALI AND KALAN MASJID : TELANGANIS PATRONAGE


EAST ENTRANCEWITH 4 STOREY HIGH MINARETSARTICULATED WITH FLUTINGS ON SECOND STOREY

CORNER MINARETS

MIHRABTO RESMEBLE GATWAYS

CROSS AXIAL PLAN25 SQUARES OF ABOUT 9Mx9M4 COURTYARDSENTRANCES HAVE POINTED ARCH WINDOWSWITH PERFORATED SCREENS

NORTH ENTRANCEWITH3 STOREY HIGH MINARETS

MOSQUES :KHIRKI MASJID






HAUZ KHAS COMPLEX

TOMB OF FIROZ SHAH

MADRASA ALONG THE SOUTH (76M) AND THE EAST (138M) OF HAUZ KHAZLOWER STOREY FOR RESIDENTIAL PURPOSESUPPER FOR INSTRUCTIONS

HAUZ KHAS

GARDENS

GARDENS


HAUZ KHAS COMPLEX

MADRASA ALONG THE SOUTH (76M) AND THE EAST (138M) OF HAUZ KHAZLOWER STOREY FOR RESIDENTIAL PURPOSESUPPER FOR INSTRUCTIONS


HAUZ KHAS COMPLEX


HAUZ KHAS COMPLEX


HAUZ KHAS COMPLEX

TOMB OF FIROZ SHAH 14 M SQ. PLANWALLS OF PLASTER PAINTED OVERACCESSED FROM A GARDEN IN THE SOUTH THORUGH A PAVED VERANDAH ENCLOSED BY STONE RAILINGS SIMILAR TO THAT OF SANCHI STUPA


HAUZ KHAS COMPLEX


TOMB OF KHAN-I-JAHAN

3 BAYS ON EACH SIDEDOMED CUPOLA OVER THE CENTRAL BAY

FIRST RECORDED OCTAGONAL TOMB IN INDIA6 M SIDE OCATGONINSCRIBED IN A CIRCLE OF 14MENCLOSED BY AN AMBULATORY VERANDAH

TUGHLAQ DYNASTY1320-1413 AD

TIMURS INVASION:DESTRUCTION LOSS OF POWER AND PATRONAGETUGHLAQ DYNASTY1320-1413 AD

Further readings:Islamic architecture Percy brown Islamic architecture Sathish GroverTughlaqs the master builders of Delhi sultanate by Antony Welch and Howard crane

firoz shah

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