Garments Manufacturing Technology | Textile Floor

Textile Floor

Grab your Knowledge in Garments & Textile

Home

Textile

Technology

Tips

News

Textile Jobs

Others

Tuesday, May 14, 2013

Garments Manufacturing Technology

1. What is clothing?

Ans. Clothing is one of the three basic needs ofhuman being. Clothing is used for covering human body or other bodies tofulfill or satisfy the requirements of those bodies with the object ofprotection, decoration and identification.

2. Why woolen garments used in cooler climate?

Ans. The general configuration of wool fibre ishelical and this configuration works as a wall for passing of cold or warm.

3. What is design or sketch?

Ans. In clothing industry design means determiningthe shape and cutting patterns of garments according to it.

4. What id basic block or block pattern?

Ans. Block patterns are the main or basic patternswhich are constructed with definite and standard body measurement, but they do notpossess any style or extra attractiveness or any type of allowances.

5. What is a pattern?

Ans. It is the model of all components of garmentson a hard paper board.

6. Why pattern is produced?

Ans. (I) Tomake a set of templates of different components of garments.

(II)To make a large amount of production at a time.

(III) To minimize wastage and cost ofgarments.

7. what is working pattern or production pattern?

Ans. These are made on the basic of block pattern orbasic block. Each block pattern is drawn or sketched on the hard paper boardwith the help of pencil. Then the following allowances and positions are added-

(I) sewing allowance

(II) Trimming allowance

(III) CBL

(IV)CFL

(V) Button attaching position

(VI) Button holing position

(VII) Plate etc.

8. What is invoice?

Ans. It is one kind of documents which contains theinformations about selling items. Normally there are two types of invoice-

(I) Proformainvoice- preliminary, (II) Commercial invoice-finally.

9. Seam line/attaching point is marked by U or Vnotch? (yes/no)

Ans. Yes

10. How grain line is indicated/mentioned inpatterns?

Ans. By arrow mark.

11. What is grain line?

Ans. It is the line, which is marked on the patternsof a garment and the line indicates the warp yarn, as a result, when thepattern is placed in the marking paper then the Grain line follow the warp yarnof fabric.

12. Grain line of pattern must be parallel of the fabric?(yes/no)

Ans. Yes

13.Define category?

Ans. In garments export and importbusiness a definite type of garments is specified by a definite number which iscalled category.

14. What is approved sample?

Ans. The sample which is approved by the buyer iscalled approved sample.

15. What is counter sample?

Ans. The manufacturers produce several numbers ofsamples following the approved sample which is known as counter samples. Theyfacility the bulk production or hung on production floor.

16. What do you mean by allowance?

Ans. In case of garments making some additionalmeasurements are added with standard body measurement which is termed asallowances. This allowances is 1cm or 1inch.there are two types ofallowance-(I) Trimming allowance. (II) Sewing allowances.

17. What is back taking?

Ans. During sewing we need to start or end it priorto 1cm or after 1cm respectively to secure the sewing end. This is termed asback tacking.

18. What is bar tacking?

Ans. We continue sewing for several times within avary short distance to increase the load or strength of that particular portionwhich is termed as bar taking.e.g- edge of pocket, belt loop, Fly piece etc.

19. What is blind stitch?

Ans. A particular type of stitch which is notvisible from the face side of the garments.

20. What do you mean by C.B.L and C.F.L?

Ans. C.B.L=center back line, C.F.L= center front line

21. What are disposable garments?

Ans. The garments which are used for one time onlycalled disposable garments. e.g. Medical garments.

22. What do you mean by Flap?

Ans. Its the part of pocket which covers the pocketopening.

23. What is interlining?

Ans. A layer of fabric which is used between twolayer of fabric to give the particulararea desired shape and to enhance the strength of that particularposition which is called interlining. e.g. collar, cuff.

24.What are the types of interlining?

Ans. (I) sewable interlining,(II) fusibleinterlining.

25. What do you mean by lining?

Ans. A layer of fabric which is used in the innerside of garments to increase the comfortability of the garments which is calledlining.e.g. suits, coats, ladies and babies wear.

26. What do you mean by FDI?

Ans. FDI= Foreign direct investment. These types ofinvestment directly come from foreign country.

27. What is overlocking or neatening?

Ans. The sewing process of cutting edge of thefabric. So that the slack yarn cannot be opened.

28. What is seaming?

Ans. The attaching procedure of different componentsof garments.

29. What is stitch?

Ans. The unit of sewing or seam.

30. What is seam?

Ans. The line of sewing of one or more than onelayers of fabric/the line of joining of fabric.

31. What do you mean by trimmings or accessories?

Ans. Beside fabric the components which are neededto make a complete garments termed as trimmings. e.g. Button, sewing thread,lining, interning etc.

32. What is ticket number?

Ans. It indicates the coarseness or fineness of asewing thread.

33. What is L/C?

Ans. L/C means letter of credit. It is one kind ofagreement between buyer and seller.

34. What is pattern grading?

Ans. Grading means the stepwise increase or decreaseof a master pattern piece to create large or small size. Grading alters theoverall size of a design but not its general shape and appearance. If buyerrequires different sizes, we would have to grade the dimension. It may be S.L,X.L and XXL.

35. What are the method of grading?

Ans. Grading can be apply two method (I) manualmethod,(II) computerized method.

36. Marker as a guideline for cutting?(yes/no)

Ans. Yes.

37. What is marker?

Ans. Marker is a thin paper which contain allnecessary pattern pieces for all sized for a particular style of garments. itsa representation or drawing of the arrangement of the identified materials.

38. Fabric width and length must be higher than themarker width and length? (yes/no)

Ans. Yes.

39. Grain line should be parallel to the warpdirection in a woven fabric or the Wales in a knitted fabric? (true/false)

Ans. True

40. What is formula of marker efficiency?

Ans. Marker efficiency= total area of pattern piecesin a marker/total area of marker 100%

41. The less the fabric wastage, the higher themarker efficiency?(true/false)

Ans. True.

42. The more the marker length, the higher themarker efficiency? (True/false)

Ans. True.

43. What do you mean by garments size?

Ans. The size of garments can be expressed by twomethods-

(I)Alphabetical expression e.g. S,M,L,XL,XXL

(II)Numerical expression e.g. 38,39,40,41,42(incm or in inch)

44. Write down the feature of T-shirt?

Ans. (I)casual tops, (II) Narrow neck line, (III) Usually short sleeve, (IV) No collar

45. Write down the feature of polo shirt?

Ans. (I) Tops, (II) short/long sleeve,(III)collar,(IV) short button placket or neck opening.

46. How can you divide all garments?

Ans. All types of garments can be divided mainly twogroups (I) Tops part, (II) Bottom part.

47. Write down the feature of pull oven / sweater?

Ans. (I) warm shirt,(II) long sleeve, (III) waistband, (IV) pull on over head.

48. Write down the feature of Tank-loop?

Ans. (I) sleeve less pullover, (II) used over ashirt (III) warm shirt (IV) waist band, (V) pull on over head.

49. Write down the feature of cardigan?

Ans. (I) Open front, (II) Fastened with a zip orbutton, (III) waist band.

50. What do you mean by CAD?

Ans. CAD means computer aided design: In apparelindustry CAD systems are mainly used for garments design, pattern preparation,pattern grading and marker marking.

51. What do you mean by CAM?

Ans. CAM means computer aided manufacturing. Itincludes computerized sewing machines, fabric spreading machines, cuttingsystems.

52. Write some important meaning?

Ans. CM= Cost of making

CMT=Cost of making with trimmings

FOB=Freight on boat

C& F= Cost and freight

CIF=cost, insurance and freight

L/C=letter of credit

53. What is cloth spreading/laying?

Ans. To spread cloth as determined by neededquantity as per marking/ the smooth laying out of fabric in superimposed layerof specified length.

54. What do you mean by fabric cutting?

Ans. To cut the cloth according to marker ofpatterns for sewing.

55. What are the methods of fabric cutting?

Ans. (A)Manual method

-Scissor

-Round knife

-Band knife

-Straight knife

-Die cutting

-Notcher & -Drill

(B) Computerized method

-Straight knife cutting

-Water jet cutting

- Leaser beam cutting

- Plasmatorch cutting

56. What do you know about fusible interlining?

Ans. The interlining which is attaching to thegarments component by the application of temperature and pressure is calledfusible interlining

57. How fusible interlining is manufactured?

Ans. By using a resin coating of thermoplasticmaterials on a piece of fabric.

58. For symmetrical fabric marker efficiency is highand less efficiency for asymmetrical fabric?(True/false)

Ans. True.

59. The more large patterns and less small patternsreduce marker efficiency? (True/false)

Ans. True.

60. For more small patterns, marker efficiency willbe increased? (True/false)

Ans. True.

61. What do you know about symmetrical fabric?

Ans. Fabric which can retain the same appearance incase of turning in 180 angle called symmetrical fabric. e.g. solid dyedfabric.

62. What do you know about the asymmetrical fabric?

Ans. Asymmetrical fabric is those which can notretain the same appearance while turning in 180 angle. E.g. pile fabric,brushed fabric etc.

63. What are the methods of marker making?

Ans. (I) manual, (II) computerized.

64. What are the wastage of marker?

Ans. (I) inside wastage

(II) Outside wastage

-Ends of ply losses (2-4) inch

-Loss of fabric ends

-Selvedge losses

-Purchase losses

65. What is sample?

Ans. The garment which is needed for bulk productionis called sample garment.

66. What is sewing?

Ans. The process of joining of fabric by the use ofneedle and sewing thread is called sewing.

67. What are the basic components of sewing?

Ans.

Needle

Throatplate

Pressurefoot

Feeddogs

Sewingthread and fabric.

68. Write some name of sewing defects?

Ans.

Seampucker

Brokenor open stitch

Staggeredstitch

Slippedor skipped stitch

Verticalstitch density.

69. What do you mean by seam puckering?

Ans. Stitching with unwanted gathering.

70. What doyou mean by pressing and Finishing?

Ans. The process by which the unwanted crease andwinkles are removed from the garments and the outlook of the garments isimproved as well.

71. Which iron is used for industrial purposes?

Ans. Steam irons.

72. What do you mean by label?

Ans. Label is an attached component of garment onwhich important information regarding the garment are written or printed.

73. What do you mean by WWSC and RSWD?

Ans. WWSC =wash with similar color

RSWD = Re shape whilst damp.

74. Which inspection system widely used in garmentindustry?

Ans. 4-points system.

75. What do you mean by TAP and AQL?

Ans. TAP =Total acceptable product in a lot

AQL= Acceptable quality limit.

76. What do you mean by core spun thread/yarn?

Ans. This thread /yarn has continuous filamentpolyester wrapped in cotton fibres.

77. What do you mean by OE & CE zipper?

Ans. OEzipper = open end zipper - use in jacket

CE zipper = closed end zipper - use inbaggage.

78. How many types of accessories?

Ans. Twotypes

(i)Visible accessories e.g. button, sewingthread etc

(ii)Invisibleaccessories e.g. interlining

79. What do you know about synthetic thread/yarn?

Ans. This is large group of thread/yarn made mainlyfrom nylon, polyester, rayon and polyamide filaments or fibres.

80. What do you know about lings?

Ans. Lings is the measuring unit of button diameter.To measure the outer diameter of buttonwe use lings number.

1 ling =1/40 inch = 0.025 inch = 0.636 mm

81. How many types of label?

Ans. There are mainly three types of label

(I)Main label, (II) size label, (III) carelabel.

The all other of labelare called sub label.

82. What do you know about motif?

Ans. The special component which is attached outsideof the garment for decorative purpose called motif. e.g. company name, trademark or other symbols can be written onthe motif.

83. What do you know about dart and pleat ?

Ans. (I) dart = part of cloth is folded and stitchedto slenderize it

(II) Apleat is a type of fold formed by doubling fabric back upon itself and securing it in place or the pleat showsthe form being folded and stitched.

84. How many types of woven fabric?

Ans. Three types (I) yarn dyed (II) soliddyed(s/d) (III) Denim

85. Desizing is mandatory or obvious before washing(True/False) Ans. True.

86. Why hot ash is necessary?

Ans. To clean the desize chemicals (introduction tocold water re-solidify the fat and wax)

87. Why M:L is important?

Ans. Without m:l we can not determine the requiredamount of dyes, chemicals and water during dyeing, washing and other wet processing.Thats why m:l is important.

88. What is the mechanism of producing fading effectin garments manufacturing?

Ans. Three process of fading mechanism

(I)Chemical action.

(II)Mechanical action

(III)Biological action.

89. How many types of mechanical abrasion ingarments washing?

Ans. Three types

(I) Garment to garment.

(II) Garment to m/c

(III) Garment to solid material (e.g. stone)

90. How many types of chemical action in garment washing?

Ans. Three types-

(I)Regular(Bleach wash)

(II)Irregular(Acid wash)

(III)Local(p.p.spray, p.p.sponge)

91. What isthe factor depends on action of washing?

Ans.

(I)Time

(II)Temperature

(III)Mechanical abrasion

(IV)Chemical action

92. What do you mean by costing and pricing/?

Ans. Costing = Total consumption of garments withoutprofit

Pricing = costing with profit.

93. What do you know about back to back L/C opening?

Ans. For purchasing fabric and accessories againstmain L/C.

94. What is lead time in garments?

Ans. Time start from L/C opening or order receive togarments delivery is called lead time.

Lead time local market = 45 days

Foreign market =90-120 days

95. What is stock lot?

Ans. When goods are made for buyer but not possibleto shipping as a result goods are stain at store. This goods are called stocklot .

96. How many parts of jacket?

Ans. Three parts

(I) Upper part is called shell

(II)Inner part is called lining

(III) Middle part iscalled interlining.

97. Write down the other commercial name ofinterlining?

Ans. Padding / wedding/ Bedding / polyfil.

98. What types of garments are made from feather?

Ans. Overcoats,jackets,pillow,blanket etc.

99. What types of feather are used for makinggarments?

Ans. Duck chest feathers.

100. What do you mean by quality?

Ans. Quality is the difference between the productsor It is the goodness or badness in a product or the feather of a product whichsatisfy customers or end users.

101. If 40 ormore than 40 defects are present in 100 square yards then the fabric isconsidered as rejected in four point system (True/false)?

Ans. True.

102. When established garments industry inBangladesh?

Ans. In 1960, REAZ garments.

103. What do you mean by garments final inspection?

Ans. Garments final inspection is to take decisionwhether the lot will be passed for shipment or it will be rejected.

104. What are the different types of samplinginspection of garments?

Ans. (I) withoutinspection, (II) 100% inspection, (III) spot inspection, (IV) Arbitaryinspection, (V) Acceptance inspection.

105. Write down thesection of shirt making?

Ans. (I) Collarsection, (II) Cuff section, (III) Body section.

106. What do you meanby PD, WR, WP, and TC?

Ans. PD= Plain dyed,WR= Water repellent, WP= Water proof, TC= Tetron & cotton, SD= solid dyed,YD= Yarn dyed.

107. What is pattern?

Ans. The pieces ofthick paper are required in the form necessary to make or style of garments iscalled pattern.

108. What do you meanby marking?

Ans. Drawing aspatterns on the as per style.

109. What isconsumption?

Ans. Needed quantity ofcloth as per dz according to marker.

110. What do you meanby assortment?

Ans. To determine thequantity of garments according to size and colour.

111. What types ofstyle of collar?

Ans. (I) One piece(Banded) collar, (II) two piece (banded) collar, (III) Sport open (no bended)collar.

112. How many types ofcuff according to style?

Ans. Four types (I)Notched, (II) Squared, (III) Rounded, (IV) Pointed.

113. How many types ofcuff according to construction?

Ans. Two types (I) onepiece cuff (The cuff which includes both front & back in one piece ofcloth), (II) Two piece cuff (two piece of cloth).

114. Write down thetypes of front of a shirt?

Ans. (I) Plain, (II)Top center, (III) French front.

115. How many types ofsleeve?

Ans. (I) Long genbol,(II)Sleeve placket, (III) Hemmed sleeve.

116. How many types ofyoke ?

Ans. (I) one pieceplain yoke (yoke and back are one piece of cloth),

(II) Two piece single yoke (yoke isseparated from the back but yoke is one piece)

(III) Two piece double yoke (yoke isseparated from the back but yoke are two piece of yokes)

117. How many types ofpocket style?

Ans.(I) plain, (II) Hexagon, (III) Rounded, (IV) squared, (V) Hemmed.

118.How many types of bottom style of a shirt?

Ans.(I) Straight bottom, (II) Tailed bottom.

119.What are the styles or types of packingand folding of shirt?

Ans. (I) Stand up (collar is folded toremain at 90 angle from the floor level)

(II) Semi stand up (collar isfolded to remain at 45 angle from the floor level)

(III) Flat pack (collar is laid to the floor levelat 0 angle)

(IV)Hanger pack (collar is folded for a hanger).

120.What are the styles of shirt?

Ans.(I) Basic/regular, (II) Casual/Irregular, (III) Sport shirt, (IV) Blouse

121.What do you mean by numbering in garments?

Ans.This process is to put a number on the each part of a garment after cutting. Sothat the same numbers of each part might be combined at the time of sewing.

122.What is sorting?

Ans.This process is to sort by size and color after cutting.

123.Write down the attention point when marking

(I) Jumping & bias should not occur

(II) Position marking

(III) Must fit the end of the net (oneside) line

(IV) Must check the quantity whether allthe parts are marked as directed.

124.When dies cutting is used?

Ans.For interlining cutting

125.What is inlay/sewing allowance?

Ans.The fabric which is kept excess of the seam line at the time of sewing iscalled inlay/sewing allowance.

126.Inlay is sewing allowance but sewing allowance is not inlay? (Yes/No) Ans. Yes.

127.What do you mean by Gusset (Front facing)?

Ans.The part which is folded into the inside of the front. This is two types (I)Upper front gusset, (II) Lower front gusset.

128.What do you know about inlay (sewing allowance)?

Ans.The part which is folded into the inside during sewing.

129.What is back stitching?

Ans.It is stitching to back after finishing the stitch length; it is normally 3-5stitches.

130.What is error part?

Ans.When left and right are attached being interchanged with each other or bothright or left are attached in case of cuffs and sleeves is called error part.

131.Stitching and sewing, which is visible and invisible?

Stitchingvisible

Sewinginvisible

132.What is double stitching?

Ans.The stitching which has two lines keeping constant distance is called doublestitching.

133.What do you know about slip out?

Ans.When the interlocking stitching stitches do not lock with each other along thesewing line then it is called slip out.

134.What do you mean by floating?

Ans.few stitches, which are not passed through the cloth of proper interval duringsewing is known as floating.

135.Write down the classification of assortment/packing?

Ans.(I) Solid size, solid color, (II) Solid size, assort color, (III) Assort size,solid color, (IV) Assort size, assort color.

136.What do you mean by Y-shirt?

Ans.Basic shirt/regular shirt/Dress shirt.

137.What do you mean by casual/irregular shirt?

Ans.various types of style.

138.What do you mean by sport shirt?

Ans.The shirt which is sporty and needs no neck tie.

139. What are the function of clothing?

Ans. 1. Protection 2. Decoration 3. Identification

140. What is the requirement ofclothing?

Ans. 1. Suitability , 2. Appearance, 3. Comfort,4. Aftercare , 5. stability

141. How can we difference between aladies shirt and a Gents shirt?

Ans. Buttons are on the opposite sideto that of gents shirt,

i.e., Ladies shirt: Upper front part is rightside.

Gents shirt: Upper front part is left side.

Ladies pant: Fly piece is right side.

Gents pant: fly piece is left side.

142. What is E-Textiles?

Ans.E-textile also known as electronic textiles are fabrics that enablecomputing, digital components and electronics to be embedded in them.

The emphasis of e-textile will be oncreating a women textile with embedded copper which will provide the usual wearcomfort and at the same time it will have a circuit with a few chips sunning atfew megahertz.

Example: In the field of medicalprevention and rehabilitation it becomes highly necessary to continuouslymonitor the patients health condition by keeping sensing devices close to thebody and e-textile can successfully accomplish senior functionality.

143. What is the reason for clothing?

Ans: (a) Modesty (b) Protectionagainst adverse climate conditions

(c) Adornment (d) Identification

(e) Aristocratic reason

144. Size of Human?

Ans. 1. Men-(i). Short- 5 3 to 5 7(ii). Regular- 58 to 6

(iii). Tall- above 6

2. Women-(i). Short 411 to 53 (ii).54 to 57

(iii). Tall above 57

145. What is Production pattern/Garmentspattern?

Ans. When necessary allowances areadded to the working patterns, then they are called production pattern.

146.What is Working pattern?

Ans. The patterns which are made withnet dimension of a particular style called working patterns.

147. What methods are used to makeBlock patterns?

Ans.i. Flat method ii.Modeling method

148. What are the methods of patterngrading?

Ans. (i).Manual grading, (ii). Computer aided grading.

149. What is half part grading?

Ans. If the increasing or decreasingis done in every sides of a pattern, then it is called half part grading.

150. What is th part grading?

Ans. If the increasing or decreasingis done in either lengthwise or widthwise or in any two sides of a pattern thenit is called th part grading.

151. What is C.B.L (Center back line)?

Ans. Middle point of back neck up tothe bottom end in the back part of a shirt.

152. What is C.F.L (Center front line)?

Ans. Line from the top button to thebottom end in the face side of a shirt.

153. What is collar stand or collarband?

Ans. Its the part of a collar in which collarstands in upward direction.

Collar stands in upward direction.

154. What is cuff?

Ans. It is the end point of sleeve of a shirtlaying around the wrist.

155. What is Ticket number?

Ans. It indicates the coarseness or fineness of asewing thread. e.g. 3/60, 2/80 etc.

156. What is Hemming?

Ans. The process of sewing of an edgeor border on a piece of cloth, especially a finished edge, as for a garment orcurtain, made by folding an edge under and stitching it down. e.g. Bottom edgeof a shirt.

157. What is lead-time?

Ans. The time interval between the initiationand the completion of a production process.

158. How design can be developed?

Ans.

Sketching (Two dimension method): Usually developed on paper Modeling (Three dimension method): Usually developed dummy or live modelComputer aided design (CAD): Usually developed using design related software.

159. T-shirt Feature.

Ans.i. Refers as casual

ii. Garments with narrow neckline,

iii. Garments with short or long sleeves,

iv. No collar/Cuff, and

v. Usually made of cotton.

160. Polo-shirt feature.

C Used to cover the upper body part (Tops),

C Garments with short/long sleeves,

C Garments with collar and cuffs,

C Short button placket or short chest opening, and

C Made of either 100% cotton or CVC or PC.

161. Tank Top feature.

C It is a sleeveless pull over,

C It is used over a shirt,

C Used as warm shirt,

C Garments with waist band, and

C It is put on over head.

162. Pull over/Sweater feature.

C Used as warm shirts,

C Garments with long sleeves,

C Garments with waist band, and

C Put on over head.

163. Cardigan feature.

C Open front and fastened with a zipper orbutton,

C Garments with waist band,

C Used as warm shirts, and

C Usually made of wool/acrylic.

164. Shirt feature.

C Upper-body garment with a collar, cuffs andpocket,

C A full vertical opening and fastened withbuttons,

C With short or long sleeves, and

C Mens shirt having lower front part at righthand side and for women it is exactly opposite.

165. Sportswear feature.

C Auto motorcycle racing wear

C Bike wear

C Golf apparel

C Ski wear (winter garments)

C Sports jersey and track tops

C Sports shorts and trousers

C Swim wear and beach wear

C Training and jogging wear

166. What is the function of CAD inapparel industries?

Garments design. Pattern design & pattern preparation. Pattern grading Marker making

167. What is the function of CAM in apparel industries?

Ans. 1. Fabric spreading. 2. Cutting systems.

3. Mover systems. 4. Sewing systems.

168. What is grading?

Ans. Grading means the stepwise increase ordecrease of a master pattern piece to create large or small size. Gradingalters the overall size of a design but not its general shape &appearance.

169. What is the main objective ofmarker?

Ans. i. To minimize the fabricwastage

ii. To improve thequality of garments.

170. What are the main product areproduced in garments Industry in Bangladesh?

Ans. Woven shirt, T-shirt, trouser,jacket, jogging shuts, sweaters, jersey etc.

171. How much currency earn from garments sector inBangladesh every year?

Ans. Above 75%.

172. What is quota?

Ans. Kind of agreement between the exportercountry where importer country mention a specific number of garments.

173. When established garmentsindustry in Bangladesh?

Ans. In 1960, REAZ garments.

174. What is the difference betweenthe sewing and stitching?

Ans. Sewing=Invisible

Stitching=Visible

175. What is the difference betweenthe yarn and thread?

Ans. Yarn= (i) Yarn is used forproducing fabrics (Knit & Woven).

(ii)Normallyit is single ply.

Thread= (i) Thread isused for garments sewing.

(iii)Itis normally two or three or four plies.

176. What measurement unit used inAmerica and Europe.

Ans. America use=Inch

Europe use=Centimeter (cm).

177. What are the sections of sewingused for making a shirt?

Ans. There are three sections- 1.Collar section

2. Cuff section

3. Body section

178. What type of woven fabric?

Ans. 1. Yarn dyed 2. Solid dyed 3.Denim.

179. What is Line Balancing?

Ans. Line Balancing is the allocationof sewing machines according to style and design of garment. It depends on,what type of garments we have to produce.

180. What is Compliance?

Ans. Compliance means complysomethings that is yield to the wishes another. The main aim of compliance isto ensuring the all labour rights and facilities according to the Buyer code ofconduct.

181. What are the different types oforder?

Ans.

1. FOB (Free on boat) order

2.FOA (Free on air) order

3.C & F (Cost and freight) order

4.CIF (Cost, insurance and freight) order

5.CIFC (Cost, insurance, freight and commission) order

6.CMT (Cutting, making and trimmings) order

7.CM (Cost of making) order

8.TT (Telephonic transfer) order

9.Subcontract order

10.Exchange order.

182. What do you mean by FOB (Free onboat) order?

Ans. This is the export term ofdelivery and price quotation. The sellers send the goods for export and deliversthem on boat (the ship). The risk is passed from seller to buyer when the goodsare loaded in the ship at the port of departure. The buyer payes the freightcharges. The seller does not include the freight charge with his costing.

183. What do you mean by FOA (Free onair) order?

Ans. The seller delivers the goods tothe air carrier at the air port of departure. The buyer bears the risk fromthat moment and payes the air transport cost. The seller bears the cost ofmaterials and making, does not include air freight.

184. What do you mean by C & F(Cost and freight) order?

Ans. Thesellers send the goods for export, payes the freight charge and deliver them onboat (the ship). The risk is passes to the buyer when the goods are left theport of departure.

185. What doyou mean by CIF (Cost, insurance and freight) order?

Ans. This isidentical to the C&F term except that in addition, the seller ensures (paythe insurance bill) the goods against loss and damage at his own cost.

186. What doyou mean by CIFC (Cost, insurance, freight and commission) order?

Ans. At thistype of order, the seller includes the cost of insurance, freight andcommission for local buying house.

187. What doyou mean by CMT (Cutting, making and trimmings) order?

Ans. In thiscase, the buyer fixes the rate of CMT with the factory. So the seller does notadd the price of fabric with his costing, but at L/C buyer gives all money tothe factory. The factory collects only CMT money from the bank. Balance moneyreturn to the fabric supplier. This ordering system is following the tailoringshop.

188. What doyou mean by CM (Cost of making) order?

Ans. In thiscase, the buyer fixes the rate of CM only with the factory. So the seller doesnot add the price of fabric and trimmings with his costing, but at L/C buyergives all money to the factory. The factory collects only CM money from thebank. Balance money return to the fabric and accessories supplier.

189. What doyou mean by TT (Telephonic transfer) order?

Ans. Whenorder quantity is very small and need urgent delivery, in that case, buyergives purchase contract instead of L/C and sends money to seller bank by TT.After getting money, the seller sends the goods to buyer.

190. What doyou mean by Subcontract order?

Ans. It isindirect order, the order is received by another factory and when it is notpossible for that factory to complete the production within the time, in thatcase they share the order with other factory by giving subcontract. Thesubcontract factory only gets the CM charge by local money from the ordertaker.

191. What doyou mean by Exchange order?

Ans. In thiscase, the buyer did not pay any money against buying garments from Bangladesh.Instead of money, they are giving another goods or products, which is surplusin their country but we need it very much. This type of business is very rare.They use L/C for doing this type of business.

192. What doyou mean by Proforma invoice?

Ans.Proforma invoice is temporary commercial invoice, which is send by exporter toimporter. It helps to open a letter of credit (L/C) in favor of exporter byimporter. It helps the foreign buyer to obtain an import license if it isnecessary.

193. What doyou mean by commercial invoice?

Ans.Commercial invoice is the final invoice and basic document. It contain all thedetails like name & address of importer and exporter, description of goods,quantity, rate, value of goods, details of shipment.

194. What doyou mean by letter of credit (L/C)?

Ans. It isimportant document, which is used for doing the business, where Bank isresponsible for payment in favor of sellers. It is a means/instrument foropening a credit (L/C) in favor of exporter by importer to make payment onfulfillment of conditions within given time.

Assortment

195. Giveexample of Assort size, Assort color for 12 pieces garments?

Ans.

Red

Yellow

Blue

Small

1

2

1

=4

Medium

1

2

1

=4

Large

1

2

1

=4

=3

=6

=3

=12 pce

196. Give example of Assort size,Solid color for 12 pieces garments?

Ans.

Small

Medium

Large

Red

4

4

4

=12 pcs

197. Give example of Solid size,Assort color for 12 pieces garments?

Ans.

Red

Yellow

Blue

Small

4

4

4

=12 pcs

198. Give example of Solid size,Solid color for 12 pieces garments?

Ans.

Red

Small

12 pcs

------------------------------------------

199. What is Tag gun?

Ans. It is used for attaching the Hang tag, Price ticket etc.

200. What do you mean by Bill of Exchange?

Ans. A Bill of Exchange is a legal document and order inwriting, requesting the drawee (Factory) to pay within the specified time. Thedrawer (supplier), drawee and payee (Bank) are involved in this transaction.The Bill of Exchange also known as draft, can be right draft or wsanee draft.

201. What do you mean by Bill of Landing?

Ans. Bill of Landing is a document issued by the shippingcompany acknowledging that the goods have been shipped on board and undertakingthat the goods as received will be delivered to the consignee (Buyer).

When the export contract is CIF, then the exporter makespayment of the freight and gets freight paid Bill of Landing. On the otherhand, if the contract is FOB, the freight has to be paid by the importer. Inthat case, the shipping company will issue a freight collect Bill of Landing.

202. What do you mean by Shipping Bill?

Ans. The shipping bill is the main documents required by thecustoms authority for allowing shipment. It contains description of exportgoods and other particulars as defined in The Sea Customs Act, name of thevessel in which goods are to be shipped, Country of Destination etc.

203. What do you mean by Shipping Order?

Ans. It is a document issued by the shipping line intimatingthe shipper (Exporter) about the reservation of space for shipment of cargothrough a particular vessel from a specified port and on a specified date.

204. What do you mean by Vehicle Ticket/Cart Ticket?

Ans. It is a gate pass for port gate .it is prepared foradmittance of cargo through the port gate. It contains details of cargo forexport, the shipper name, cart, lorry number, gate number, marks on package,quantity and description.

205. What is pattern engineering?

Ans. It is the engineering idea which is applied at the timeof marking for reducing the consumption of fabric. In this case consumption isreduced by overlapping the patterns or reducing the patterns or dividing thepatterns into two parts like cuff, side pocket of pant etc.

206. What is Style?

Ans. A style is a type of product that has one or morespecific feature or characteristics that distinguish it and make it differentfrom other product of the same type. e.g. A crew neck is one style of neck lineand a turtle neck is another style.

207. What is Design?

Ans. Within a specific style there can be many variations intrimmings, texture, decoration or other details like embroidery, screenprinting etc. The individual interpretation or variations of the same stylesare called design. One style can be many designs.

208. What is Fashion?

Ans. Fashion means consumer acceptance, the prevailing oraccepted style in dress or personal decoration established or adopted during aparticular time or season.

The most widely recognize fashion authority, the late Dr.Paul-H-Nystrom (1928) define fashion is similar words as Nothing more or lessthan the prevailing style at any given time.

209. What do you mean by D/P (Document of payment)?

Ans. Under this method, the goods are shipped and documentsare sent to the importer through the banking channel. The documents are handedover to the clearing (C&F) agent for clearing the goods from the port.

210. What do you mean by D/A (Documents in Acceptance)?

Ans. Under this method of payment terms, importer takesdelivery of the documents on acceptance of a claim in the form of Bill ofExchange from the bank through whom documents are sent after goods are shipped.

In this method there is risk of non-acceptance of bill andnon-payment due to bankruptcy.

211. What are the processes for fixation of export prices?

Ans. There are three processes-

1.FOB(Free on board)

2.C& F (Cost & Freight) (FOB cost+Freight = C & F ) and

3.CIF(Cost, insurance & freight) (C&F cost + Insurance = CIF)

212. What is consumption?

Ans. In the garments trade, consumption means quantity of rawmaterials with a view to determine the price of a garment. In order tocalculate the above quantity how much fabric, sewing thread, button, label,zipper and other accessories are required to produce a garment up to theexporting is called consumption.

GARMENTS TERMS AND DEFINITION

Arm scye: The arm hole of sleeve in a particular garment is named asarm scye.

Allowance: Additional measurement which added with body measurement incase of garments making.

Aplique: Additional fabric added in the face side of the garments forincreasing the beauty of the dress which is called aplique.

Back rise: Distance between CRUTCH TO CENTER BACK WAIST LINE.

Basting: It is the temporary sewing by hand or m/c before doing finalstitching for better fitting.

Bust point: Focusing point of the chest is called bust point.

Bodice: The part of ladies dress which stay neck to waist.

Back stitch: A type of hand stitch which is use for garment sewing.

Bodkin: The m/c used for making hole on the fabric is called bodkin.

Cheese: it is cylinder shape thread package in which thread in crosswound.

Closing: It is an operation in which side seam is join in the garmentor join lining with fore part.

Collar: It is the part of the garment (shirt, polo-shirt etc) whichstay round the neck.

Fork/Crutch/crotch: The part in which inside leg seam of the part isjoin, this part is called crutch.

Cuff: It is the end point of a sleeve of a shirt laying around the wrist.

Cone: It is a triangle form of thread packages.

Clem: It is a small dart which produced by sewing but not cut the fabric.

Crease: To give crease markon the fabric or garments/ any kind of creasing or folding in clothes.

Double faced: The fabric which both side is same and both side can befocused, it is called double faced.

Darning/mending: When fabric hole is repaired by needle and yarn.

Dummy: This is a duplicate model of doll similar to human bodyconstruction used for garments fittings.

Ends: Wrap direction threads of fabric are called ends.

Forepart: The face side of the garments which use on the upper part of thebody is called fore part.

Front rise: Distance between crutch to face side of waist band of agarment/pant is called front rise.

Fusing: The method by which fusible interlining is joining with thegarments is called fusing.

Gusset: To increase the strength or fitting or shape of garments,some extra fabrics are used which is called gusset.

Neatening: The process of sewing in cutting edge of the fabric so thatthe slack yarn can not be opened.

SMV: Standard minutes value.

TST: Total standard time.

CNT/NT: Computing normal time/Normal time.

SAM: Sum of all minutes.

CST: Computing standard time.

CPM: Cost price per minute.

CMT: Cost of making with trimmings/Cutting, making and Trimmings cost/Cost ofmaking time.

N.S.A: No sewing allowance.

Off Pressing: Final pressing after sewing the garments.

Off Grain: When weft yarn is not maintaining 90with selvedge.

Cross Pocket; Side pocket of trouser.

Sewing Out: When stitching is done by keeping sewing allowance inside.

Sewing Round: When lining is attached with shell at the edge of all partsof a garments.

Seam Busting; When pressing is done on seam for placing fabric both sideequally.

Shirring: When elastic thread is used as looper thread for makinggathering stitch.

Straight Line System: Line system production.

Thread Marking: Temporary stitching for testing fitting of a garments.

Templet: It is plastic or metal or hand paper, which is used formaking pattern or use as guide for fabric cutting.

Crocking;Colour is fading after rubbing from dry or wet cloth.

Double Faceed: Symmetric fabric, both side same.

Drape; The shape of fabric, after hanging.

Donkey: Pressing board, is used for pressing.

Drop Loop; When waist band loop is placed 1-2 cm below of top waistline.

Ease or Loose Dress: Keeping excess fabric for comfort using.

Epaulet: Strap on shoulder for a shirt or jacket.

Faced Cloth: When face side of fabric is different from other side. e.g.Flannel fabric.

Fall: Collar fall, back width of collar after folding.

Fofk; Crutch of trouser.

Fullness; Extra fabric is used for getting shape of a part of a dress.e.g. Sleeve head.

Forearm Line: A line from middle of front arm hole to the end of sleeveat thumb.

Fagot Stitch; Zigzag stitch by maintaining gap between two fabrics.

Grinning; Sewing by loose thread tensions, as a result gap in sewingline.

Grown-on-Facing: Plain front facing (Facing made by fabric folding inside).

Godet: When interlining is used under embroidery.

Hanger Appeal: The shape of garments when hang on Hanger.

Interfacing: When interlining is used inside facing.

Inset: When extra fabric is used for better fitting.

Jigger: Button, which is attach inside of the garments. e.g. shankbutton of double brast coat.

Laying-up: Process of fabric laying.

Leaf Edge; The edge of collar which is hanging after folding.

Linking: In sweater Factory, when two fabrics are joined by linkingmachine.

Lashing: When interlining is attached with facing by using Blindstitch machine.

Make through (Sample man): Who attach all parts of a garments.

Making-up; It is process to make garments from fabric.

Marking-in: Marking, when pencil is moved around the patterns.

Posted by

Engr. Md. Nazmul Hossain (Sizar)

at12:09:00 AM

Email ThisBlogThis!Share to TwitterShare to FacebookShare to Pinterest

No comments:

Post a Comment

Newer Post

Older Post

Home

Subscribe to:Post Comments ()

Total Pageviews

Textile Class Room

| FIBRE |SPINNING |KNITTING |WEAVING |DYEING |GARMENT |GENERAL KNOWLEDGE |

Downloads

| Video |E-books |Data |Software |Gallary |Textile Mills |

Your Attraction

Different Knit Fabric Structure or Cam Arrangement -

Defects of Knit Fabric

Textile General Knowledge for Viva-Voce -

Yarn Manufacturing Technology

Wet Processing Technology

Fabric Manufacturing technology

Garments Manufacturing Technology

Textile Books:

34th BCS Question Solve

.

Change Page Language

Older Post

Older PostJan 2015 (1)Nov 2014 (1)Oct 2014 (1)May 2014 (6)Jul 2013 (1)Jun 2013 (3)May 2013 (6)Apr 2013 (4)Mar 2013 (1)Feb 2013 (1)Jan 2013 (1)Dec 2012 (5)Nov 2012 (5)Oct 2012 (10)Sep 2012 (4)Aug 2012 (5)Jul 2012 (12)Jun 2012 (3)May 2012 (3)Dec 2011 (4)Oct 2011 (2)Jun 2011 (1)May 2011 (4)

About Me

Engr. Md. Nazmul Hossain (Sizar)

View my complete profile

Keep your Message here

Google+ Followers

Powered by Blogger.

^ Back ToTop