kuliah_2 ks kshatan

8/8/2019 Kuliah_2 ks kshatan

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Skop danSkop danperanan/sumbanganperanan/sumbangan

kerja sosial dalamkerja sosial dalam

penjagaan kesihatanpenjagaan kesihatan

Kuliah 2Kuliah 2


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ReferralsReferrals

1.1. Most patients are referred by their attendingMost patients are referred by their attending

physician.physician.

2.2. Patients can referthemselvesPatients can referthemselves3.3. Patients may be referred by family memberPatients may be referred by family member

& friend.& friend.

4.4. Referrals from other hospitals /communityReferrals from other hospitals /communityagencies with prior knowledge ofthe patient.agencies with prior knowledge ofthe patient.


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Compulsory / Automatic ReferralsCompulsory / Automatic Referrals

1.1. Unmarried mothersUnmarried mothers

2.2. AdoptionsAdoptions

3.3. Abandoned babiesAbandoned babies4.4. Abused / neglected childrenAbused / neglected children

5.5. Domestic Violent victims (abused / batteredDomestic Violent victims (abused / battered

spouse).spouse).


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The Kind of Problems Dealt WithThe Kind of Problems Dealt With

Includes:Includes:--1.1. Physically disabledPhysically disabled

2.2. Mentally handicappedMentally handicapped

3.3. Mentally illMentally ill4.4. Women & girls in moral dangerWomen & girls in moral danger

5.5. Battered spouseBattered spouse

6.6. AdoptionAdoption

7.7. Care of elderly / abandonedCare of elderly / abandoned

8.8. RapeRape


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9.9. Abused / neglected childrenAbused / neglected children

10.10. Unmarried mothersUnmarried mothers

11.11. Placement in InstitutionPlacement in Institution12.12. Financial aid for implants & prosthesisFinancial aid for implants & prosthesis

13.13. Geriatric with psychosocial problemsGeriatric with psychosocial problems

14.14. Immediate financial assistanceImmediate financial assistance

15.15. HIV Positive / AIDSHIV Positive / AIDS


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Carta Aliran Pengendalian KesCarta Aliran Pengendalian KesTerima rujukan dr pakar/Peg. PerubatanTerima rujukan dr pakar/Peg. Perubatan

..

Penilaian PsikososialPenilaian Psikososial

-- TemubualTemubual

-- Perbincangan dgnPerbincangan dgn

k/tangan perubatank/tangan perubatan

-- Lawatan ke rumahLawatan ke rumah

Maklumat & Rujukan KesMaklumat & Rujukan Kes-- Maklumat kpd pesakit / keluargaMaklumat kpd pesakit / keluarga

-- Rujukan kes ke GOs & NGOs melalui:Rujukan kes ke GOs & NGOs melalui:

1.1. Laporan sosial / suratLaporan sosial / surat

2.2. Perbincangan / telefonPerbincangan / telefon

3.3. Mesyuarat / rundinganMesyuarat / rundingan


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Intervensi PsikososialIntervensi Psikososial

Bantuan Praktis:Bantuan Praktis:--

1.1. Kewangan (saraaan/tambang.wang runcit)Kewangan (saraaan/tambang.wang runcit)

2.2. Pembelian peralatan / implan & prostesisPembelian peralatan / implan & prostesis

3.3. Kemasukan ke InstitusiKemasukan ke Institusi

4.4. Perkhidmatan rumah PerantaraanPerkhidmatan rumah Perantaraan

5.5. Bantuan am (pampasan SOCSO, KWSP,Perskolahan dll.Bantuan am (pampasan SOCSO, KWSP,Perskolahan dll.

Bantuan Sokongan SosialBantuan Sokongan Sosial

1.1. Sokongan emosi/motivasi/ khidmat nasihat & rundinganSokongan emosi/motivasi/ khidmat nasihat & rundingan2.2. Kaunseling: Individu, Keluarga & kelompokKaunseling: Individu, Keluarga & kelompok

3.3. Susulan Kes / Follow upSusulan Kes / Follow up


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Man has four basic requirements .Man has four basic requirements .

Philosophical adjustment, psychologicalPhilosophical adjustment, psychological

tolerance,sociological security &tolerance,sociological security &Religious integration.Religious integration.

Liebman J.L. (1966)Liebman J.L. (1966)


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Roles & FunctionsRoles & Functions

I.I. Patients care : Directservice to patients &Patients care : Directservice to patients &familiesfamilies

1.) Directservice to patient & families:1.) Directservice to patient & families:--

a) psychosocial evaluationa) psychosocial evaluation

b) interviewb) interview

c) Counseling & guidance (supportivec) Counseling & guidance (supportive

therapy)therapy)

d) Practical Assistanced) Practical Assistance

e) Social Caseworke) Social Casework


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f) social group workservicef) social group workservice

g) liaison workg) liaison work

h) home visitsh) home visits

i) Discharge planningi) Discharge planning

j) Placement (Institutions)j) Placement (Institutions)

Interview / counseling / guidanceInterview / counseling / guidance

-- is principal tool utilized toobtainis principal tool utilized toobtain

pertinent & meaningful data forthe socialpertinent & meaningful data forthe socialcase history & a progressive case study tocase history & a progressive case study toaid in diagnosis & treatmentaid in diagnosis & treatment


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-- MSWshould have high degree ofselfMSWshould have high degree ofself--

awareness & objectivity 0n the use ofawareness & objectivity 0n the use ofsocial work principles, concepts,social work principles, concepts,

philosophy & ethics & the personal /philosophy & ethics & the personal /

professional competence.professional competence.


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MSWs collaborate with the multidisciplinary teamMSWs collaborate with the multidisciplinary team

in assessing resourcessuch as:in assessing resourcessuch as:--

-- Exploring available resources in the communityExploring available resources in the community

-- Accessing supportsystemAccessing supportsystem

-- Assessing the needs for hospital & home:Assessing the needs for hospital & home:--

-- Searching f

or financial re

source

sSearching f

or financial re

source

s

-- Referralsto home care / hospice programsReferralsto home care / hospice programs

-- Providing lodging / halfway house.Providing lodging / halfway house.

-- Assisting with transportationAssisting with transportation

-- Providing information & referral servicesProviding information & referral services

-- Finding pathwaysto problem solving.Finding pathwaysto problem solving.


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Practical AssistancePractical Assistance

-- Toserve for patients having difficulty with paymentofToserve for patients having difficulty with paymentof

hospital charges, buying of implants & prosthesis &hospital charges, buying of implants & prosthesis &placement for institution & problemssupportingplacement for institution & problemssupporting

themselves financially on accountof illness.themselves financially on accountof illness.

Liaison WorkLiaison Work

-- A considerable amountof correspondence & liaisonA considerable amountof correspondence & liaison

work at inter & intra agencies, individuals,GOs &work at inter & intra agencies, individuals,GOs &

NGOs is needed to facilitate resources available inNGOs is needed to facilitate resources available in

community forthe benefitofthe patients.community forthe benefitofthe patients.


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Home VisitHome Visit

-- To confirm diagnosisTo confirm diagnosis

-- To provide social & emotional supportTo provide social & emotional support

-- Family educationFamily education

-- Follow up / supervisionFollow up / supervision

-- For

social inve

stiga

tio

n & ass

ess

mento

f needsFo

rso

cial invest

igatio

n & ass

ess

mento

f needs

Discharge PlanningDischarge Planning

-- Needs & resourcesof ptson returning homeNeeds & resourcesof ptson returning home

-- Balancing the needsof pts. & careers with availableBalancing the needsof pts. & careers with available

resources.resources.-- Quality of care fortreatment, rehabilitation & end ofQuality of care fortreatment, rehabilitation & end of

life.life.

-- Atherapeutic process & function for a planned postAtherapeutic process & function for a planned post

hos

pitaliza

tion care

.h

ospi

taliza

tion care

.


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Social CaseworkSocial Casework

-- Involvesthe study ofthe interaction between theInvolvesthe study ofthe interaction between the

individuals biological, psychological & socialindividuals biological, psychological & social

experience.experience.

-- To help patients deal with simple to complex problemsTo help patients deal with simple to complex problems

during hospitalization & treatment.during hospitalization & treatment.

-- Serves as a guide in the MSW clinical intervention & asServes as a guide in the MSW clinical intervention & asa comprehensive & realistic information for medicala comprehensive & realistic information for medical

team.team.


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GoalsOfSocial CaseworkGoalsOfSocial Casework

RestorativeRestorative

-- To assist. pt. & family to identify, resolve orTo assist. pt. & family to identify, resolve orminimizeminimize problems arising from the crisisproblems arising from the crisis

illness.illness.

DevelopmentDevelopment-- to identify & strengthen the maximum potential ofto identify & strengthen the maximum potential of

the patient, his family,significantothers & histhe patient, his family,significantothers & his

environment.environment.

PreventivePreventive

-- to identify potential problem areas bet.the pt., histo identify potential problem areas bet.the pt., his

family or environment (hospital/community) tofamily or environment (hospital/community) to

prevent furtheroccurrence of dysfunction.prevent furtheroccurrence of dysfunction.


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PromotivePromotive

-- to familiarize pts. & family members about healthto familiarize pts. & family members about health

& psychosocial knowledge leading to a wholesome& psychosocial knowledge leading to a wholesome& healthy life.& healthy life.

RehabilitativeRehabilitative

-- to assist pts. & family members in regainingto assist pts. & family members in regainingemotional,social & economic equilibrium duringemotional,social & economic equilibrium during

confinement and / or after discharge.confinement and / or after discharge.


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II) Consultative & advisory serviceII) Consultative & advisory service

III) TeamworkIII) TeamworkIV) Education & training for professionalIV) Education & training for professional

developmentdevelopment

V) Research & developmentV) Research & developmentVI) Specific ServicesVI) Specific Services

EG:EG:

Hospital Voluntary ServicesHospital Voluntary Services

Hospital Board of VisitorsHospital Board of Visitors

Hospital ManagementCommitteeHospital ManagementCommittee

Lodging / HalfWay House.Lodging / HalfWay House.


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Comprehensive health care (Weinerman):Comprehensive health care (Weinerman):--

the organized provision of health servicesto familythe organized provision of health servicesto family

groups, including a full spectrum ofservices fromgroups, including a full spectrum ofservices fromprevention to rehabilitation, continuity of care forprevention to rehabilitation, continuity of care forthe individual, emphasis upon the social &the individual, emphasis upon the social &personal aspectsof disease & its management, usepersonal aspectsof disease & its management, use

ofthe health team concept including personalofthe health team concept including personalphysician responsibility & coordination ofthephysician responsibility & coordination ofthediverse elementsof modern scientific medicaldiverse elementsof modern scientific medicalpractice.practice.


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Specific servicesto be included inSpecific servicesto be included in

comprehen

sivec

omprehen

sive

--care pr

ogram

s(A

mericancare program

s(A

mericanPublic Health Association):Public Health Association):--

1.1. Health education & preventive services.Health education & preventive services.

2.2. Primary health carePrimary health care

3.3. Specialist careSpecialist care4.4. Hospitalization in shortHospitalization in short--term general hospitals.term general hospitals.

5.5. Laboratory, radiological & otherspecialLaboratory, radiological & otherspecialdiagnostic examinationsdiagnostic examinations


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6.6. Ambulatory mental health serviceAmbulatory mental health service

7.7. Prescribed drugsPrescribed drugs

8.8. Suitable alternativesto care in a general hospitalSuitable alternativesto care in a general hospital(skilled nursing homesororganized home care(skilled nursing homesororganized home careprograms but notsolely custodial in purpose)programs but notsolely custodial in purpose)

9.9. Radiation therapyRadiation therapy

10.10. Dental care exclusive of purely cosmeticDental care exclusive of purely cosmetic

11.11. Rehabilitation service including physical,Rehabilitation service including physical,occupational speech therapy.occupational speech therapy.

12

.12

.

Vision care including eye glassesVision care including eye glasses


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13.13. prosthetic appliancesprosthetic appliances

14.14. Ambulance servicesAmbulance services15.15. Medical social services.Medical social services.


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The basic professional objectives & purposesThe basic professional objectives & purposes

ofs. work as listed by Pincus & Minahan areofs. work as listed by Pincus & Minahan are

supportive of health care goals aimed atsupportive of health care goals aimed at

achieving comprehensive health care:achieving comprehensive health care:--

1.1. Social workers enhance the problemSocial workers enhance the problem--solvingsolving

capacitiescapacities of people when they participate inof people when they participate incomprehensive health care programsthat assistcomprehensive health care programsthat assist

patients & family with the social aspectsofpatients & family with the social aspectsof

illness, disability, & recovery.illness, disability, & recovery.


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2.2. Social workers have long served as linkagesSocial workers have long served as linkages

for entry into the health care systems.for entry into the health care systems. TheyThey

also coordinate programsof comprehensivealso coordinate programsof comprehensivehealth & social care. In outreach programssocialhealth & social care. In outreach programssocial

workers increase accessto health facilitiesworkers increase accessto health facilities

through health education programs & the use ofthrough health education programs & the use of

trained indigenous workers.trained indigenous workers.


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3.3. Social workers in comprehensive health careSocial workers in comprehensive health care

programs alsoprograms alsopromote effective & humanepromote effective & humaneoperation of health care systems.operation of health care systems. SocialSocial

workers were among the first leadersto assist inworkers were among the first leadersto assist in

the developmentofombudsman programs forthe developmentofombudsman programs for

hospitals & nursing homes.hospitals & nursing homes.


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4.4. S.Ws in health care haveS.Ws in health care have demonstrated theirdemonstrated their

ability to contribute to the analysis &ability to contribute to the analysis &

improvement of social policy & programimprovement of social policy & program

development.development. S.Workstudiesof effectivenessS.Workstudiesof effectiveness

of home health services provide importantof home health services provide important

research findings for policy decisions.Eg:research findings for policy decisions.Eg:

studiesof health the health indexesof poor &studiesof health the health indexesof poor &

their accessto health services.their accessto health services.


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Basic PremisesofS.W. practice in health:Basic PremisesofS.W. practice in health:--

1.1. Social, cultural, & economic conditions have aSocial, cultural, & economic conditions have a

significant & measurable effecton both healthsignificant & measurable effecton both health

status & illness prevention & recovery.Astatus & illness prevention & recovery.A

growing body of research suggests positivegrowing body of research suggests positive

relationship between these variables & therelationship between these variables & the

developmentof illness conditions.developmentof illness conditions.


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2.2. IllnessIllness--related behaviors, whether perceived orrelated behaviors, whether perceived or

actual, frequently disrupt personal or familyactual, frequently disrupt personal or familyequilibrium & coping abilities.equilibrium & coping abilities.

3.3. Medical treatment alone isoften incomplete, &Medical treatment alone isoften incomplete, &

occasionally impossible to render, withoutoccasionally impossible to render, withoutaccompanying social support & counselingaccompanying social support & counseling

services.services.


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4.4. Problems in accessto and appropriate utilizationProblems in accessto and appropriate utilization

of health services are sufficiently endemic toourof health services are sufficiently endemic toour

health care delivery system asto requirehealth care delivery system asto requireconcerted community action & institutionalconcerted community action & institutional

innovation.innovation.

5.5. Multiprofessional health team collaboration onMultiprofessional health team collaboration on

selected individual & community healthselected individual & community health

problems is an effective approach tosolvingproblems is an effective approach tosolving

complexsociocomplexsocio--medical problems.medical problems.

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