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PAPERI

Days Chapter TopicHome

Assignment

1.

Introduction:

Meaning, scope and significance ofPublic Administration

Wilsons vision of PublicAdministration

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Assignment

(1A -1)

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Assignment

(1A -2)

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Assignment(1A -3)

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Assignment(1A -4)

2.

Evolution of the discipline and itspresent status;

New Public Administration

3.

Good Governance: concept andapplication;

New Public Management.

4.

Public Choice approach; Challenges of liberalization,

Privatisation , Globalisation

5.Administrative

Thought

Scientific Management andScientific Management movement;

Classical Theory; Webersbureaucratic modelits critique and

post-Weberian Developments

6 Classical Theory, Dynamic Administration (Mary
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Parker Follett);

7

Human Relations School (EltonMayo and others);

Functions of the Executive (C.I.Barnard)

8

Simons decision-making theory; Participative Management (R.

Likert, C. Argyris, D. McGregor)

9

Administrative

Behaviour

Process and techniques of decision-making

10 Communication

11

Morale; Motivation Theoriescontent,

process and contemporary

12

Theories of Leadership: Traditionaland Modern

13

Organisations

Theoriessystems, contingency

14

Ministries and Departments, Boardsand Commissions

15

Corporations, Companies, Ad hocand advisory bodies; Headquarters

and Field relationships; Regulatory

Authorities; Public - Private

Partnerships

16 Accountability

and control

Concepts of accountability andcontrol; Legislative, Executive andJudicial control over administration

17 Citizen and Administration;


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Role of media, interest groups,voluntary organizations ;

Civil society

18

Citizens Charters;

Right to Information; Social audit

19

Administrative

Law

Meaning, scope and significance;Dicey on Administrative law

20 Delegated legislation

21 Administrative Tribunals

22

Comparative

Public

Administration

Historical and sociological factorsaffecting administrative systems;

Administration and politics indifferent countries

23

Current status of ComparativePublic Administration; Ecology and

administration

24 Riggsian models and their critique

25

Development

Dynamics

Concept of development; Changingprofile of development

administration; Anti-development

thesis

26

Bureaucracy and development;Strong state versus the market

debate

27

Impact of liberalisation onadministration in developingcountries; Women and development

- the self-help group movement-1

October


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28

Personnel

Administration

Importance of human resourcedevelopment; Recruitment, training

29

career advancement, positionclassification, discipline,performance appraisal, promotion

30

Pay and service conditions;employer-employee relations

31

Grievance redressal mechanism;Code of conduct; Administrative

ethics

32

Public Policy

Models of policy-making and theircritique

33

Processes of conceptualisation,planning, implementation,

monitoring, evaluation and review

and their limitations

34

State theories and public policyformulation

35

Techniques of

Administrative

Improvement

Organisation and methods

36

Work study and work management;e-governance and informationtechnology

37

Management aid tools like networkanalysis, MIS, PERT, CPM

38 FinancialAdministration

Monetary and fiscal policies; Publicborrowings and public debt

39 Budgets - types and forms; ;


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Accounts and audit

40

Budgetary process; Financialaccountability

PAPERII

41Evolution of

Indian

Administration:

Kautilyas Arthashastra

Mughal administration

Legacy of British rule in politicsand administration - Indianization of

public services, revenue

administration, districtadministration, local self-

government

42

Philosophical

and

Constitutional

framework of

government

Salient features and value premises

Constitutionalism; Political culture

Bureaucracy and democracy;Bureaucracy and development

43Public Sector

Undertakings

Public sector in modern India;Forms of Public Sector

Undertakings

Problems of autonomy,accountability and control

Impact of liberalization andprivatization

44Union

Government and

Administration

Executive (Part - 1)

Executive (Part - 2)


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Judiciary - structure

Parliament, functions, workprocesses; Recent trends;

Intragovernmental relations

Cabinet Secretariat; PrimeMinisters Office; CentralSecretariat

Ministries and Departments;Boards; Commissions; Attached

offices; Field organizations

45Plans and

Priorities

Machinery of planning; Role,composition and functions of the

Planning Commission and the

National Development Council;Indicative planning

Process of plan formulation atUnion and State levels

Constitutional Amendments (1992)and decentralized planning for

economic development and social

justice

46.

State

Government and

Administration:

Union-State administrative,legislative and financial relations

47.

Role of the Finance Commission;Governor; Chief Minister; Council

of Ministers

48.

Chief Secretary; State Secretariat;Directorates


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49.

District

Administrationsince

Independence

Changing role of the Collector

50.

Union-state-local relations;Imperatives of development

management and law and orderadministration;

District administration anddemocratic decentralization

51.

Civil Services

Constitutional position; Structure,recruitment, training and capacity-

building

52.

Good governance initiatives; Codeof conduct and discipline; Political

rights

53.

Staff associations; Grievanceredressal mechanism; Civil serviceneutrality; Civil service activism

54.

Financial

Management

Budget as a political instrument;Parliamentary control of publicexpenditure

Role of finance ministry inmonetary and fiscal area;

Accounting techniques; Audit;

55

Role of Controller General ofAccounts and Comptroller and

Auditor General of India

56. Administrative

Reforms since

Independence

Major concerns; ImportantCommittees and Commissions

57. Reforms in financial management

and human resource development;


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Problems of implementation

58.

Rural

Development

Institutions and agencies sinceindependence; Rural development

programmes: foci and strategies

59.

Decentralization and PanchayatiRaj;73rd Constitutional amendment

60

Urban Local

Government

Municipal governance: mainfeatures, structures, finance andproblem areas; 74th Constitutional

Amendment; Global-local debate

61

New localism; Developmentdynamics, politics and

administration with special

reference to city management

62

Law and OrderAdministration

British legacy; National PoliceCommission; Investigativeagencies; Role of central and state

agencies including paramilitary

forces in maintenance of law and

order and countering insurgency andterrorism

63

Criminalisation of politics andadministration; Police-public

relations; Reforms in Police

64

Significant

issues in Indian

Administration

Values in public service; RegulatoryCommissions

65

National Human RightsCommission; Problems of

administration in coalition regimes

66 Citizen-administration interface;

Corruption and administration;


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Disaster management

Gist of Important National Administrative CommitteesReport

1. Section-AGist of Important National Administrative

Committees Report "Section-A"

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Material

2. Section-BGist of Important National AdministrativeCommittees Report "Section-B"

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Material

3. Section-CGist of Important National Administrative

Committees Report "Section-C"

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Material

3. Section-DGist of Important National Administrative

Committees Report "Section-D"Click Here for

Material

4. Section-EGist of Important National Administrative

Committees Report "Section-E"

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Material

5. Section-FGist of Important National Administrative

Committees Report "Section-F"Click Here for

Material

Gist of Important Articles from IIPA Journal (Collection of

Last 25 years)

1. Chapter 1Ethics - The Other Name for Good

Governance R.C. Sekhar

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Material

2. Chapter 2Changing Administrative Values in India

V. SubramaniamClick Here for

Material

3. Chapter 3 Ethics and Administration Shekhar SinghClick Here for

Material

4. Chapter 4Women and Empowerment Shanta Kohli

ChandraClick Here for

Material

5. Chapter 5Prime Ministers Office - We Cannot and

Need Not do Without IT B.G. Deshmukh

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Material


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6. Chapter 6Role and Functioning of Election

Commission of India M.S. Gill

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Material

7. Chapter 7Central Vigilance Commission: A Profile

P.K. Gopinath

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Material

8. Chapter 8Galloping Corruption: Need for EffectiveVigilance U.C. Agarwal

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Material

9. Chapter 9 Indian Finance Commission G. ThimmaiahClick Here for

Material

10. Chapter 10Role of Comptroller and Auditor General in

India V.K. ShungluClick Here for

Material

11. Chapter 11Public Sector in Independent India Suresh

Kumar

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Material

12. Chapter 12Recent Initiatives for Administrative

Reform in India P.S.A. Sundaram

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Material

13. Chapter 13Reservation Policy in India: Theory and

Practice S.R. MaheshwariClick Here for

Material

14. Chapter 14Welfare Administration in India: A Critical

Evaluation R.K. BarikClick Here for

Material

15. Chapter 15Administration of Urban Development

M.N. Buch

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Material

16 Chapter 16Natural Disaster Management in India

Vinod K. Sharma

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Material

17 Chapter 17Sociological Theory and Concepts in Public

Administration A.P. BarnadasClick Here for

Material

18 Chapter 18Managing Natural Resources for disaster

Reduction A.K. Kaushik and RiturajClick Here for

Material


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19 Chapter 19Criminalisation of Polities beyond Vohra

Committee P.R. Dubhashi

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Material

20 Chapter 20Police ReformNew Imperatives T.

Ananthachari

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Material

21 Chapter 21

Sustainable Development: Imperatives of

Public AdministrationR. Rajamani

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Material

22 Chapter 22

Ethics in Public AdministrationMaladies

and Remedies

Bata K. Dey

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Material

23 Chapter 23

Right to Information Regime in India: ACritical Appraisal

Sapna Chadah

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Material

24 Chapter 24

Public Services in India: Achievements andDisappointments

U.C. Agarwal

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Material

25 Chapter 25Restructuring of Municipal Services inIndia Awadesh Kumar Singh

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Material

26 Chapter 26Critique of Governance from theGrassroots Perspective P. Raghu Ram

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27 Chapter 27

Efficiency in Administration: Measures

Required to Enhance Efficiency inAdministration R.D. Sharma

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Material

28 Chapter 28

Role of Information Technology and E-

Governance in Effective Delivery of Public

ServiceInitiatives, Challenges andProspects Inderjeet Singh Sodhi

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Material

29 Chapter 29Globalisation Governance and the State

Furoquan Ahmad and Akhtar Ali

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Material

30 Chapter 30

Public Private Partnership in India (Policy,

Strategies and Operationalisation Issues)

T.N. Dhar

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Material


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31 Chapter 31

Social Mobilisation for Empowering RuralPoor Through SHGs: A Study in Assam byT. Medhavati Devi and N. Upadhay

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Material

32 Chapter 32

Gender Budgeting to Gender

Mainstreaming by Shalini Rajneesh

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Material

33 Chapter 33Value based Capacity Building Through E-

Administration by Sangeeta SharmaClick Here for

Material

34 Chapter 34The Working of Panchayati Raj: An

Analysis by S.A. PalekarClick Here for

Material

35 Chapter 35Peoples Empowerment by Arvind K.

Sharma

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Material

36 Chapter 36

Citizens CharterAn Instrument of Public

Accountability: Problems and Prospects in

India by R.B. Jain

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Material

37 Chapter 37Law and Order: A Precondition for Good

Governance by O.P. Tandon

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Material

38 Chapter 38Indian Judiciary and Challenges of 21st

Century by A.S. AnandClick Here for

Material

39 Chapter 39The Challenges of Globalisation for CivilServants by P.R. Ramaswamy

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Material

40 Chapter 40

Zero Base Budgeting: Re-Emphasised inIndiaA Case of Research and

Development Organisation by Nand

Dhameja

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Material

41 Chapter 41Role of All-India Services in Centre-State

Relation by U.C. Agarwal

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Material

42 Chapter 42

Opening Government for Public Scrutiny:A Critique of Recent Efforts to Make

Governance in India more Transparent and

Accountable by R.B. Jain

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Material


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43 Chapter 43Indian Federalism at Work: Role of

Governor by Sudhanshu Tripathi

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Material

44 Chapter 44

Public Services in India: Issues of

Neutrality vs. Commitment by AhmadShamshad

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Material

45 Chapter 45

Indian Party System towards Coalition

Governance: Need for Introspection by

R.K. Poonia, P.S. Malik and Saroj Malik

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Material

46 Chapter 46

Privatisation and Public Enterprises in

India: Issues of Policy and Implementation

by C.V. Raghavulu

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Material

47 Chapter 47Police and Good Governance: Promotion of

Human Rights by Ved Marwah

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Material

48 Chapter 48Action Plan for an Effective and

Responsive GovernmentClick Here for

Material

49 Chapter 49Corruption and Need to Curb IT by P.D.

MalaviyaClick Here for

Material

50 Chapter 50Some Perspectives on Governance forDevelopment by B.G. Deshmukh

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Material

51 Chapter 51

Socio-Economic Development in India and

Five Decades of Planning by AhmadShamshad

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Material

52 Chapter 52

Voluntary Associations and Development:

The Indian Experience by BidyutCharkrabarty

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Material

53 Chapter 53Peoples Participation in Governance by E.

Vayunandan and Dolly MathewClick Here for

Material

54 Chapter 54

Constitutional Head of State without

Constitutional SecurityThe Governor and

his Removal by Priti Saxena

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Material

55 Chapter 55Corruption and Need to Curb IT by P.D.

MalaviyaClick Here for

Material


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56 Chapter 56Some Perspectives on Governance for

Development by B.G. Deshmukh

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Material

57 Chapter 57

Socio-Economic Development in India and

Five Decades of Planning by AhmadShamshad

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Material

58 Chapter 58

Voluntary Associations and Development:

The Indian Experience by Bidyut

Charkrabarty

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Material

59 Chapter 59Peoples Participation in Governance by E.

Vayunandan and Dolly MathewClick Here for

Material

60 Chapter 60

Constitutional Head of State withoutConstitutional SecurityThe Governor and

his Removal by Priti Saxena

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Material


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The term Public Administration has been differently defined by different scholars, which

shows the variety of views about the meaning and nature of the subject. According to some,

Public Administration is defined as the organisation and management of human and materialresources to fulfil the objectives laid down by the government. But in its comprehensive sense

government means and includes all of its three branches, i.e., the legislative, the executive and

the judicial. Is Public Administration concerned with the work of all these or of only some? Boththe views have been held by thinkers. To some of them, Public Administration is concerned withthe whole range of governmental activity under all the three branches-Legislature, executive and

judiciary; while to others it is concerned with activities of an executive nature wherever they

may occur. According to some critics if wider and broader definition of Public Administration istaken it will mean making the scope of the subject unwieldy.

Some well known defi ni tions of Public Administration are:

Public Administration is that part of the science of Administration which has to do with

government and, thus, concerns itself, primarily with the executive branch, where the work of the

government is done though there are, obviously, problems also in connection with the legislativeand judicialbranches. Luther Gullick

Public Administration consists of doing the work of government whether it be running of Xray

machine in a health laboratory or coining money in the mint. John M. Pfiffner

By Public Administration is meant in common usage the activities of the executivebranches of

the national, state and local governments. H. Simon

Public Administration is the art and science of management as applied to the affairs of state.

Waldo

Public Administration is concerned with the what and the how of government. The what is

the subject-matter, the technical knowledge of a field which enables an administrator to performhis tasks. The how is the techniques of management, the principles according to which co-

operative programmes are carried through to success. Each is indispensable, together they form

the synthesis called the Public Administration. Dimock

Public Administration consists of all those operations having for their purpose the fulfillment of

enforcement of public policy. L. D. White

Public Administration is a detailed and systematic application of law. Every particular

application of law is an act of administration. Woodrow Wilson

Public Administration has come to signify primarily to organisation, personnel, practices and

procedures essential to effective performance of the civilian function entrusted to the executivebranch of government. Morstein Marx


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Public Administration comprises all activities of persons or groups in governments of their

agencies, whether these organisations are international, regional or local in their scopr, to fulfil

the purpose of these governments or agencies. J. S. Hodgson

The above definitions of public Administration make it clear that Public Administration is really

government in action. It is clear from these definitions that the term Public Administration hasbeen used in two senseswider and narrow. The wider view has been taken by L. D. White,

Woodrow Wilson and Pfiffner while narrow view has been taken by Luther Gullick, H. Simon

and others. L. D. White and Woodrow Wilson equate the sphere of activity of PublicAdministration with the implementation of public policy and law. Writers like Pfiffner lay more

emphasis on the co-coordinating role of administration. According to him Public Administration

consists of getting the work of government done by co-coordinating the efforts of the people so

that they can work together to accomplish their set tasks.

However, the definition given by F.A. Nigro is a more comprehensive by one and includes,

besides the above mentioned aspects, the interaction between Public Administration and political

process as well as its association with the community as a whole. Nigro summarized the meaningof Public Administration in these words.

Public Administration:

a. is co-operative group effort in public setting;b. covers all there branchesexecutive, legislative and judicialand their interrelationshipc. has an important role in the formulation of public policy and is thus a part of the political

process;

d. is more important than and also different in significant ways from private administration;e. as a field of study and practice has been much influenced in recent years by the human

relations approach;f. is closely associated with numerous private groups and individuals in providing services

to the community."

SCOPE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

The divergent approaches regarding the definitions of Public Administration confronts us with

the problem of understanding the scope of the study of Public Administration. As is evident from

the definitions, the differences of views centres round the crucial points whether Public

Administration is only the managerial part of the governmental work, or the entire complex ofactivities of only the executive branches of government, or of all the branches, i.e., executive,

legislative and judicial, and finally whether administration is mere execution or is a factor in the

formulation of policy also. Broadly, there are the following major views regarding the scope ofthe study of Public Administration:

1. Integral View.2. Managerial View.3. Broader and Narrow View.


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4. POSDCORB View.5. Subject-matter View.

1. Integral View

What we come to analyse the nature of administration, we find ourselves confronted with twobroad views, which may conveniently be called the integral and the managerial views.

According to integral view, Public Administration is a sum-total of all the activities undertaken

in pursuit of and in fulfilment of public policy. These activities include not only managerial and

technical but also manual and clerical. Thus, the activities of all persons working in anorganisation from top to bottom constitute administration although they are of varying

significance to the running of administrative machinery. It means that from a peon to the top

level Seceratary, all employees are parts of administration. Henry Fayol and L.D. White seem to

share the integral view of administration. According to Henry Fayol, "Every employee in anundertakingworkman, shopmanager, head of division, head of department, manager and if it is

a stake enterprise, the series extends to the minister or head of the statetakes a larger of smaller

share in the work of administration." While sharing this view L.D. White says that PublicAdministration "consists of all those operatioins having for their purpose the fulfilment or

enforcement of public policy."

2. Managerial View

Herbert Simon, Smithburg and Thompson and Luther Gullick on the other hand subscribe to the

managerial view of Public Administration. The managerial view postulates and use of men andmaterials in the pursuit of common objectives. It, thus, does not include all the activities of an

organisation into its include all the activities of an organisation into its ambit but takes out only

those activities for its study which involve the techniques of management and are, therefore,

common to all sorts of organisations. Administration is the specialized vocation of mangers(executives) who have skills of organizing and directing men and materials just as definitely as

an engineer has the skills of building structures of a doctor has the skills of understanding human

ailments. As Ordway Tead puts its, Administration is conceived as the necessary activates ofindividuals (executives) in an organisation who are charged with ordering, forwarding and

facilitating the associated efforts of a group of individuals brought together to realise certain

defined purposes. Luther Gullick is of the view that administration is to the identified withmanagerial techniques, he sums up those techniques in the word POSDCORB each letter of

which describes one techniques namelyPlanning, Organising, Staffing, Directing,

Coordinating, Reporting and Budgeting.

3. Broader and Narrow View

Public Administration deals essentially with the machinery and procedures of government. It isthe action part of government. While discussing the scope of government. While discussing the

scope of Public Administration, we come across two viewpoints, one taking the broader view

about the government and the other taking the narrow view. As Willoughby highlights, Theterm administration may be employed in Political Science in two senses. In its broadest sense,

it denotes the work involved with actual conduct of government affairs In its narrowest sense,


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it denotes the operations of the administrative branch only. According to broader point of view,

Public Administration is cnceiveed in a comprehensive sense to include all the activities of the

government whether failing in the shphere of the legislative, executive or judicial branch ofgovernment.

4. POSDCORB View

Luther Gullick defines these techniques by the letters of teh word: POSDCORB. This word is

made up of initials and indicates the following activities.

The POSDCORB activities are common to all large-scale organisations. They are the common

problems of management, which are found in the different agencies, regardless of the peculiar

nature of the work they do. These common activities are performed by Public Administrationirrespective of the fact whether it is involved in military or in civil administration or in the

administration of central of state government or in the administration of local bodies.

5. The Subject-Matter View

The subject-matter view of Public Administration has come into reckoning in reaction to the

POSDCORB view. It was to be pointed out that the POSDCORB activities were neither thewhole of administration, nor even the most important part of it. They were but the common

housekeeping activities of tools of administration, the real core of which consisted of the various

line functions or services produced for the peoplelaw and order, education, social, welfare,public health, justice, defence, etc. The real content of the Public Administration should be the

main functions or services for which the government comes into existence. The question of

policy and programming in the field so education, social security, public health, justice and

defence are as much part of Public Administration as staffing,

co-ordination or budgeting. Of course, the problems of management may not be exactly similarin all the department of the government.

SIGNIFICANCE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

The following points highlight the Significance of Public Administration in a modern state.

1. Public Administration:A Government in Action: Public Administration in a modern state in

a government in action. The activities of government are almost invariably important and we

look to the state and therefore to Public Administration for their accomplishments.

2. The stabilizing role of Public Administration in society:Professor Paul Pigors of theMassachusetts Institute of Technology feels that primary function of Public Administration is

that of stabilizing social institutions. According to him the administrative function insures the

continuance of the existing order with a minimum of effort and risk. Its fundamental aim is to

carry on rather than to venture along new and untried paths. Administrators are, therefore, thestabilizers of society and the guardians of tradition. They are stabilizers in both a positive and a

negative sence, for not only do they make possible the continuance of the ideas which they

convert into institutions; they also frustrate many innovations to which they deny their support.


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3. The role of Public Administration in Social Change:Books Adams advocated that the chief

function of Public Administration should be to facilitate social change, or paradoxical as it may

seem, to assure social stability for facilitating social change.

4. Pubic Administration as the key to modern society:According to Charles A. Bread the

modern society is a Great Society. It consists of many different groups woven together in acomplicated process of production. Every enterprise in the Great Society, as well as the Great

Society itself, rests upon administration The state in the Great Society, like the private

corporation, also rests upon administration. So whatever may be the future, the science ofadministration will be an essential instrument of human welfare.

5. Public Administration as a mechanism for promoting culture of the society: PublicAdministration has a very important place not only as an instrument of government but also as an

important mechanism for preserving and promoting the culture of the society.

6. Public Administrationa fourth branch of government:The era of the laissez faire state

has come to an end. Instead, a positivistinterventionist welfare state has emerged steadily. Thishas enhanced the importance and role of Public Administration.

7. Increasing role of Public Administration in policy making:Public Administration plays its

role in policy making in various ways. It helps the executive in indentifying major policy areas,preparing major policy proposals, analyzing various alternatives and solution, dividing the majorpolicies into subpolicies, determining programmes of action and suggesting modification in the

existing policy on the basis of its experience on the implementation front.

8. Public Administrationas an agency for development:Development is the centre of

politics of the so-called third world countries and government play a key role in national

development. Public Administration in considered an important mechanism in this developmentprocess. Government use its administrative machinery to achieve national development task by

formulating, organizing and implementing large-scale action programmes.

WILSONS VISION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

There should be a science of administration which shall seek to straighten the paths ofgovernment, to make its business less unbusinesslike, to strengthen and purify its organisation,

and to crown its duties with dutifulness.

Woodrow Wilsons contribution to public administration can be seen from four interlinked

standpoints.

i. His advocacy of science of administration;ii. His emphasis on the special nature of administration distinguishing administration from

politics;

iii. His aspirant predilection for private or business administration; andiv. His early initiative for comparative study of administration.


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Wilsons 1887 article on The Science of Administration, which is regarded as the founding

essay for the field, was written at3 a time (in the late ninetieth century) when the field of public

administration was established as a profession and an academic study. The crying need was toeliminate corruption, improve efficiency 1880s reformers reacted sharply against abuse at all

levels: the city state and national governments. One of the voices of reform was Woodrow

Wilson. A lawyer trained at the University of Virginia, Wilson went on to study politicaleconomy at johns Hopkins University

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