લીટ ઓફ ડ°મો°શન...

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ઔધોગક તાલીમ સ થા .......................... F:TRG : 07

લી ટ ઓફ ડમો શન લાન

ડ- Electronic Mechanic .ઇ. નામ-

સમ ટર નબર- 02 સીલબસ વષ- 2017 (NSQF)

ડમો શન નબર

ડમો શન નામ ફાળવલ સમય

સીલબસનો વીક નબર

શીખવવાનો વીક નબર

1 Identify PNP and NPN Transistors of different specification and packing using data book/web site

5 Hrs. 1

2 Test the condition of transistor 8 Hrs. 1

3 Maasure and plot input and output characteristics of a CE amplifier

8 Hrs. 1

4 Construct and test a transistor based switching circuit to control a relay

8 Hrs. 1

5 Construct a Transistorized amplifier 6 Hrs. 2

6 Construct and test voltage divider bias 8 Hrs. 2

7 Construct and Test a common emitter amplifier with and without bypass capacitors

8 Hrs. 2

8 Construct and Test common base amplifier 6 Hrs. 2

9 Construct and Test common collector/emitter follower amplifier

8 Hrs. 3

10 Construct and Test Darlington amplifier 8 Hrs. 3

11 Construct and test a two stage RC Coupled amplifier 8 Hrs. 3

12 Construct and test a Class B complementary push pull amplifier

8 Hrs. 3

13 Construct and test class C Tuned amplifier 6 Hrs. 3

14 Demonstrate Colpitts oscillator, Hartley oscillator circuit 8 Hrs. 4

15 Construct and test a RC phase shift oscillator circuits 6 Hrs. 4

16 Construct and test a crystal oscillator circuits 6 Hrs. 4

17 Demonstrate Astable, monostable & bistable circuit circuit using transistors.

10 Hrs. 4

18 Construct and test shunt clipper 8 Hrs. 5

19 Construct and test series and dual clipper circuit using diodes

8 Hrs. 5

20 Construct and test clamper circuit using diodes 8 Hrs. 5

21 Construct and test zener diode as a peak clipper 8 Hrs. 5

22 Identify & Test FET transistors and record main parameters from the Data book

6 Hrs. 6

23 Construct and test a FET Amplifier 8 Hrs. 6

24 Identify & Test SCRs of different ratings and the packages 8 Hrs. 6

25 Construct a test circuit to test SCRs 8 Hrs. 6

26 Construct a jig circuit to test DIAC 8 Hrs. 7

26.1 construct a snubber circuit for protecting SCR use free wheelig DIODE to reduce back EMF

8 Hrs. 7

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27 Identify and test a DIAC ,TRIAC,& UJT 8 Hrs. 7 28 Construct a simple dimmer circuit using TRIAC 8 Hrs. 7

29 Construct UJT based free running oscillator and change its frequency

8 Hrs. 8

30 Identify MOSFET by its number & different heat sinks used with various power MOSFET devices.

6 Hrs. 8

31 Construct MOSFET test circuit with a small load 8 Hrs. 8

32 Identify IGBT & Construct IGBT test circuit with a small load 8 Hrs. 8

33 Identify & Test different types of LEDs 6 Hrs. 9 34 Identify and test LDR, photo voltaic cell 8 Hrs. 9

35 Construct a circuit to switch a lamp load using photo transistor

8 Hrs. 9

36 Identify Opto coupler input and output terminals & measure different parameters

8 Hrs. 9

37 Identify different Logic Gates by its number and study of internal circuit

5 Hrs. 10

38 Verification of all logic gate Ics using switch & led 10 Hrs. 10

39 Construct and verify the truth table of all the gates using NAND and NOR gates

10 Hrs. 10

40 Use digital IC tester to test the various digital ICs (TTL and CMOS)

5 Hrs. 10

41 Construct Half Adder circuit & verify their truth table 8 Hrs. 11 42 Construct Full adder circuit & verify their truth table 8 Hrs. 11 43 Construct the Adder cum Subtractor. 8 Hrs. 11 44 Construct and Test a Decoder 7 Hrs. 12 45 Construct and Test a Encoder. 7 Hrs. 12 46 Construct and Test a Multiplexer 7 Hrs. 12 47 Construct and Test a De Multiplexer 7 Hrs. 12

48 Identify different Flip‐Flop (ICs) by the number printed on them

5 Hrs. 13

49 Construct and test four bit latch using 7475 . 10 Hrs. 13

50 Verify the truth tables of Flip‐Flop ICs (RS, D, T, JK, MSJK) by connecting switches and LEDs

15 Hrs. 13

51 Prepare simple digital and electronic circuits using the software

12 Hrs. 14

52 Simulate and test the prepared digital and analog circuits 12 Hrs. 14

53 Construct and test a four bit asynchronous binary counter using 7493

10 Hrs. 15

54 Construct and test 7493 as a modulus‐12 counter. 10 Hrs. 15

55 Construct & Test a four bit Synchronous binary counter using 74163

10 Hrs. 15

56 Construct & Test synchronous decade counter 10 Hrs. 16

57 Construct and test an up/down synchronous decade counter using 74190

10 Hrs. 16

58 Identify and test common anode and common cathode seven segment LED display

10 Hrs. 16

59 Construct a shift register using RS/D/JK flip flop and verify the result

10 Hrs. 17

60 Construct and test four bit SIPO register 10 Hrs. 17 61 Construct and test four bit PIPO register 10 Hrs. 17 62 Construct and test bidirectional shift register 10 Hrs. 17

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63 Testing of diff anlog ICs using Anlog IC tester 8 Hrs. 18

64 Construction and testing of Op‐Amp Inverting Amplifier circuit

8 Hrs. 18

65 Construction and testing of Op‐Amp Non Inverting amplifier circuit

8 Hrs. 18

66 Construction and testing of Op‐Amp Summing amplifier circuit

8 Hrs. 19

67 Construct and test Differentiator and Integrator 8 Hrs. 19 68 Construct and test a zero crossing detector 8 Hrs. 19 69 Construct and test Instrumentation amplifier 8 Hrs. 20

70 Construct and test a Binary weighted and R‐2R Ladder type Digital to Analog Convverters

8 Hrs. 20

71 Construct and test Astable timer circuit using IC 555 8 Hrs. 20 72 Construct and test mono stable timer circuit using IC 555 8 Hrs. 21 73 Construct and test VCO (V to F Converter) using IC 555 8 Hrs. 21 74 Construct and test 555 timers as pulse width modulator 8 Hrs. 21

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ઔધોગક તાલીમ સ થા .......................... F: TRG : 08 ડમો શન લાન

સીલબસ વષ : 2017 (NSQF) સમ ટર નબર : 2 ડ : Electronics Mechanic િવષય : ટ લ

એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 1 વીક નબર : 1 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Identify PNP and NPN Transistors of different specification and packing using data book/web site

1. વ તયાર

1:1 હ ઓ : િનદશનના ત તાલીમાથ ઓ :

1:1:1 To identify type of transistor 1:1:2 To identify the lead 1:1:3 To determine transistor code 1:1:4 Study of transistor packaging

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Data book 1:2:2

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Transistor of different types 1:3:2

1:4 સદભ સા હ ય :

1:4:1 NIMI book 1:4:2 Electronics Practical ‐ A.K. Mittal

2. તાવના/ વા સધાન: ફાળવલો સમય: 30 િમનીટ

2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last semester, we studied various passive electronic components. Let’s

study active components in this sem.

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન: We all call radio or transistor, but actually radio’s circuit is made up of

transistors. So, we need to know what transistors are and what are their functions?

3. ર આત/ િનદશનના િમક પદ ફાળવલો સમય : 320 િમનીટ

અ .ન િનદશન દર યાન અ સરવાના િમક પદો ચાવી પ િ /ચાવી પ ા

1 2 3 4 5

Take transistor and note the label number & Transistor type number.

Take data book & note down following information

‐Transistor type: Si or Ge ‐PNP/NPN ‐Types of packaging

The Collector of most of the transistors is identified by a ‘dot’,’triangle’ or ‘arrow’ marked on the envelope near to the lead.

Counting in an anti‐clockwise direction, from the collector, the base and the emitter leads lie respectively.

Now note the specification of transistor from data book

Transistor’s pin diagram

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‐max Permissible Emitter base Voltage, VEB(max) ‐max Permissible Collector‐Emitter Voltage VCB (max) ‐max Permissible Collector Current ICCM ‐typical current ßdc or HFE

Identify the packaging according to number of transistor given in data book.

Observe the heat sink in power transistor.

Draw different packaging type’s transistor.

4. અમલીકરણ (માગદશન હઠળ તાલીમાથ ઓની િ ): ફાળવલો સમય : 60 િમનીટ

1. Check and find specification from given data book or on website

2. Forward biasing in PNP transistor

5. કસોટ / તાલીમાથ ઓની વત કામગીર : ફાળવલો સમય: 40 િમનીટ

1. Enlist the differences between NPN and PNP transistors 2. What is forward bias? 3. What is the meaning of current gain?

6. વા યાય ( હકાય) : ફાળવલો સમય : 20 િમનીટ

1. To draw circuit diagram of NPN transistor in forward bias. 2. To understand the operation of transistor in forward bias.

7. હવ પછ અ સરવા ાયો ગક કામ: ફાળવલો સમય : 10 િમનીટ

Test the condition of transistor

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એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 2 વીક નબર : 1 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Test the condition of a Transistor

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To identify type of transistor 1:1:2 To identify the lead 1:1:3 To testing of transistor

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Data book 1:2:2 Multimeter

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Transistor of different types 1:3:2




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last demo we have studied the different types of transistor their

terminal identification and packaging types

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન: We all call radio or transistor, but actually radio’s circuit is made up of

transistors. So, we need to know what transistors are and what are their functions? And how to test transistor


અ .ન િનદશન દર યાન અ સરવાના િમક પદો ચાવી પ િ /ચાવી પ ા 1 2 3 4 5


Take data book & note down following information

‐Transistor type: Si or Ge ‐PNP/NPN ‐Types of packaging

The Collector of most of the transistors is identified by a ‘dot’,’triangle’ or ‘arrow’ marked on the envelope near to the lead.

Counting in an anti‐clockwise direction, from the collector, the base and the emitter leads lie respectively.

Now note the specification of transistor from data book

Transistor’s pin diagram

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Check transistor with ohmmeter.

Take NPN and PNP transistor.

Connect base (B) with Positive terminal of ohmmeter and other terminal to collector (C) and Emitter (E) one by one. Note the readings.

Repeat the 6th step by interchanging the terminals of ohmmeter.

For NPN transistor, connect meter’s (+)ve terminal to Collector (C) and (–)ve to emitter (E) and use twizzer to short the base (B)‐collector (C).

Note the readings.

For PNP transistor, connect meter’s (‐) ve terminal to Collector (C) and (+) ve to emitter (E) and use twizzer to short the base (B)‐collector (C).

Note the readings.


1. Check and find specification from given data book or on website

2. Forward biasing in PNP transistor


1. Enlist the differences between NPN and PNP transistors 2. What is forward bias? 3. What is the meaning of current gain?


1. To draw circuit diagram of NPN transistor in forward bias. 2. To understand the operation of transistor in forward bias.


Measure and plot input and output characteristics of a CE amplifier

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એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 3 વીક નબર : 1 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Measure and plot input and output characteristics of a CE amplifier

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To make circuit diagram for CE amplifier 1:1:2 To plot input characteristics of a CE amplifier 1:1:3 To plot output characteristics of a CE amplifier

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Data book 1:2:2 Trainee’s tool kit 1:2:3 digital multimeter 1:2:4 DC power supply 1:2:5 DC millivoltmeter 0‐1000 mV 1:2:6 DC Ammeter 0‐100 mA & 0‐500uA

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Transistor 1:3:2 Resistor 1:3:3 LED Red color 1:3:4 POT 1k 1:3:5 breadboard 1:3:6 hookup wire




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we identified various types of transistors.and testing of

transistor with multimeter

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન : We know that in every circuit there is relation between applied voltage

and current flowing through the circuit .so now we will study and plot the V‐I characteristics of atransistor in a CE amplifier




Take data book & note down following information ‐Transistor type: Si or Ge ‐PNP/NPN ‐Types of packaging

Identify emitter, base & collector and label them E, B

Operation of transistor under forward bias

Use suitable power supply.

Do not short any of the terminals of transistor directly

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& C respectively. Check transistor with ohmmeter

‐ Make circuit for input characteristics ‐ Set VCE at some fix value ‐ Take reading of Vbe and Ib ‐ Now change VCE to another value and repeat above

step and take reading ‐ Plot graph for that ‐ Make ciruit for output charateristics ‐ Set IB at some fix value ‐ Change VCE and take reading of IC ‐ Now change IB and fix to another value and repeat

above step ‐ Plot graph for that


1. Draw circuit diagram of all configurations

2. Assemble circuit components on bread‐board and PCB.

5. કસોટ / તાલીમાથ ઓની વત કામગીર : ફાળવલો સમય: 40 િમનીટ 1. Enlist the differences between NPN and PNP transistors

2. What is forward bias?

3. What is the meaning of current gain?

6. વા યાય ( હકાય) : ફાળવલો સમય : 20 િમનીટ 1. To draw circuit diagram of NPN transistor in forward bias.

2. Various applications of transistor.

7. હવ પછ અ સરવા ાયો ગક કામ: ફાળવલો સમય : 10 િમનીટ Construct and test a transistor based switching circuit to control a relay.

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એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 4 વીક નબર : 1 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and test a transistor based switching circuit to control a relay.

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To know about the function of transistor as switch 1:1:2 To operate relay using transistor

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tool kit 1:2:2 +12V fix Power Supply

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Digital Multimeter 1:3:2 PCB 6’x 4’ – 01 1:3:3 Transistor BC‐337 or SK‐100,BC‐148 – 01 1:3:4 Relay 12V – 01

1:3:5 Resistor – 1kE – 03 1:3:6 Solder wire 60:40 – 10gm 1:3:7 Hook up wire ‐ 01m 1:3:8 Diode – IN4002 ‐ 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we measure resistance of CB, EB and CE Terminals.

Now, we will learn the use of transistor, i.e. as a switch.

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન :



Find out the specification of given components and enlist them.

Draw circuit diagram and verify.

Connect all components according to circuit diagram.

Give power supply to the circuit.

Observe the ON/OFF process and supply +5 volt to input and check whether Relay is magnetized or not?

Relay’s N/O & N/C connections.

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Now, measure Vc and VBE using voltmeter.

4. અમલીકરણ (માગદશન હઠળ તાલીમાથ ઓની િ ): ફાળવલો સમય : 60 િમનીટ Connection of given circuit on Bread‐board and PCB (soldering of components).

5. કસોટ / તાલીમાથ ઓની વત કામગીર : ફાળવલો સમય: 40 િમનીટ Observation of the switching characteristics of relay and make observation table for Vc & VBE .

6. વા યાય ( હકાય) : ફાળવલો સમય : 20 િમનીટ To find out the various applications of relay and real life use(domestic as well as industrial) of relay.

7. હવ પછ અ સરવા ાયો ગક કામ: ફાળવલો સમય : 10 િમનીટ Construct a Transistorized amplifier

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એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 5 વીક નબર : 2 ફાળવલ સમય : 6:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct a Transistorized amplifier

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To measure Voltage Gain of CE Amplifier. 1:1:2 To measure I/o & O/p Impedance. 1:1:3 To measure Voltage Gain. 1:1:4

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tool kit 1:2:2 +12V fix Power Supply

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 AF Signal Generator – 01 1:3:2 General Purpose PCB 6’x 4’ – 01 1:3:3 CRO‐ 20 MHz Dual Trace – 01 1:3:4 Diode ‐ OA‐79 – 01

1:3:5 Carbon Resistor ¼ W 120 E – 01 1:3:6 Carbon Resistor ¼ W 470 E – 01 1:3:7 Carbon Resistor ¼ W 1kE – 01 1:3:8 Carbon Resistor ¼ W 1.2 kE – 01 1:3:9 Carbon Resistor ¼ W 5.6 kE – 01 1:3:10 Capacitor 100 µfd / 25 V – 01 1:3:11 Hook‐up wire‐ 02 meter




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we will learnt the use of transistor as a switch, hence

we will now make Transistorized amplifier.

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન: When Television is not in existence, that time radio was very

commonly used electronic device for entertainment and awareness (i.e. news). Let’s get the basics of transistorized amplifier where transistor is building block of many useful circuits.



Draw circuit diagram and verify.

Connect all components according to circuit diagram and solder them on PCB.

Give + 12 V power supply to Vcc and take the reading of Ic & Ib.

CB, CE and CC configuration’s characteristics

Vin = Vx – Vy / R1

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Calculate Current Gain Ai.

Connect I/p terminal to A.F. Signal Generator and set the frequency to 1 kHz

Measure A.C. peak to peak and Vout.

Find Voltage gain Av

Find I/p current using Ohm’s law.

Input Impedance Zin = Vin/Iin


Connection of given circuit on Bread‐board and PCB (soldering of components).


Measure & calculate different parameters used in the circuit.


To find out the various applications of relay and real life use (domestic as well as industrial) of relay.


Construct and test voltage divider bias

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એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 6 વીક નબર : 2 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and test voltage divider bias

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To test the Potential divider biasing circuit. 1:1:2 To measure Operating point of Collector current and Collector – Emitter voltage. 1:1:3 To measure Operating Point by varying bias resistor. 1:1:4 To observe Operating Point by varying a temperature.

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tool kit with 25 W Soldering Iron 1:2:2 Regulated Power Supply

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Electronic Multimeter ‐ 01 1:3:2 General Purpose PCB 6’x 4’ – 01 1:3:3 Voltmeter – 01 1:3:4 Current meter – 01

1:3:5 Resistor ¼ W 1.5 kE – 01 1:3:6 Resistor ¼ W 330 E – 01 1:3:7 Resistor ¼ W 33kE – 01 1:3:8 Resistor ¼ W 5.6 kE – 01 1:3:9 Carbon Resistor ¼ W 820 E – 01 1:3:10 Transistor – BC‐107 or BC‐337 ‐ 01 1:3:11 Hook‐up wire‐ 01 meter




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we test the Transistorized amplifier. Now, we construct

and test transistor voltage biasing.

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન:



First study the given circuit diagram and note down the value of every components used in it.

Test components using multimeter and mount them on the PCB by soldering.

Set +12 V in Power Supply and connect it to circuit.

IE = VBE

Emitter Current, IE = VE / RE

Emitter Voltage, VE = VB – VBE

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Connect the meter according to circuit diagram

Take the readings of Collector Supply Voltage Vcc, Vce, Vc, Ve, Ic and make observation table

Base Voltage, VB

Emitter Voltage, VE

Collector Voltage, VC

Collector Current, IC

As per theory

As per practical

VB = X VCC

Collector Voltage, VC = VCC – IC x RC

4. અમલીકરણ (માગદશન હઠળ તાલીમાથ ઓની િ ): ફાળવલો સમય : 50 િમનીટ Connection of given circuit on Bread‐board and PCB (soldering of components).


Measure all electrical parameters using multimeter and verify them with theoretical value.


Make the list of all formulas to find respective voltages, current and resistance.


Construct and Test a common emitter amplifier with and without bypass capacitors

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એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 7 વીક નબર : 2 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and Test a common emitter amplifier with and without bypass capacitors.

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To construct a common emitter amplifier. 1:1:2 To observe the Amplification of signal. 1:1:3 To find efficiency. 1:1:4 To find different parameters of gain.

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tool kit with 25 W Soldering Iron 1:2:2 Regulated Power Supply +12V

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Electronic Multimeter ‐ 01 1:3:2 General Purpose PCB 6’x 4’ – 01 1:3:3 D.C. Voltmeter(0‐10V) – 01 1:3:4 CRO Dual channel‐ 10 MHz

1:3:5 Resistor ¼ W 1.2 kE – 01 1:3:6 Resistor ¼ W 1 kE – 01 1:3:7 Resistor ¼ W 470 E – 01 1:3:8 Resistor ¼ W 5.6 kE – 01 1:3:9 Resistor ¼ W 120 E ‐ 01 1:3:9 Output Transformer – 01 1:3:10 Transistor – SL‐100‐547 ‐ 01 1:3:11 Hook‐up wire‐ 01 meter 1:3:12 Capacitor – 100 µfd/16V – 01 1:3:12 Capacitor – 25 µfd/16V 1:3:13 Function Generator ‐ 01


1:4:1 Electronics Trade Practical ‐ Divya Publication 1:4:2 Electronics Trade Practical – NIMI Publication


2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we construct and test transistor voltage biasing. Hence,

we will now observe amplification of wave with/without bypass capacitor.



અ .ન િનદશન દર યાન અ સરવાના િમક પદો ચાવી પ િ /ચાવી પ ા First study the given circuit diagram and note down

the value of every components used in it.


Set +12 V in Power Supply and connect it to circuit.

VB =

VE = VB – VBE

IE = VE/RE , In =

18


Feed 1 kHz and 50MV peak to peak sine wave to circuit using function generator.

Connect the output to CRO.

Switch ON the power supply.

Observe the pick to pick value of Vin and Vout; and calculate Gain Av.

Input Impedance Zin and Output Impedance Zout.

Turn OFF the DC supply and disconnect the CE capacitor.

Switch ON supply and take the readings as above.

VC = VCC – IC (RL +RE)

Current Gain(Ai) = Ioac/ Iin

Voltage Gain(AV)= Voac / Vin

Power Gain(AP) = Ai x AV

Zin = Vin / Iin



Connection with CRO, function generator and Front panel control.


Measure & calculate different parameters used in the circuit.


Applications of common emitter amplifiers.


Construct and Test common base amplifier

19



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 8 વીક નબર : 2 ફાળવલ સમય : 6:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and Test common base amplifier

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To construct a common base amplifier.

1:1:2 To find Amplifier’s Current Gain α and Voltage Gain AV

1:1:3 To find I/p and O/p Impedance

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tool kit with 25 W Soldering Iron 1:2:2 Regulated Power Supply +12V

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Electronic Multimeter ‐ 01 1:3:2 General Purpose PCB 6’x 4’ – 01 1:3:3 D.C. Millimeter (0‐1mA) – 01 1:3:4 CRO ‐ 20 MHz

1:3:5 Resistor ¼ W 1k,1.2k, 2.2k, 3.3k, 6.8k – 01 each 1:3:6 Potentiometer – 01 1:3:7 Transistor – SL‐100‐547 ‐ 01 1:3:8 Hook‐up wire‐ 01 meter 1:3:9 Capacitor – 100 µfd/16V – 01 1:3:10 Capacitor – 25 µfd/16V – 02 1:3:11 Signal Generator 1 kHz ‐ 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we construct and test transistor voltage biasing. Hence,

we will now observe amplification of wave with/without bypass capacitor.





Verify circuit diagram by Your Instructor.


Ground the base of transistor

Voltage Gain(AV)= Voutput / Vinput

This type of amplifier has a lower gain.

20


Connect the output to CRO and observe the amplitude of input and output signals.

Observe the input and output wave shape.





Measure & calculate Current Gain and Voltage Gain.


Applications of common base amplifier.


Construct and Test common collector/emitter follower amplifier

21


સીલબસ વષ : 2017 (NSQF) સમ ટર નબર : 2 ડ : Electronic Mechanic િવષય : ટ લ

એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 9 વીક નબર : 3 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and Test common collector/emitter follower amplifier

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To construct a common base amplifier.

1:1:2 To find Amplifier’s Current Gain α and Voltage Gain AV

1:1:3 To find I/p and O/p Impedance

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tool kit with 25 W Soldering Iron 1:2:2 Regulated Power Supply +6V 500mA

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Electronic Multimeter ‐ 01 1:3:2 General Purpose PCB 6’x 4’ – 01 1:3:3 D.C. Micro ammeter(0‐1mA & 0‐500 mA) – 01 each 1:3:4 CRO ‐ 20 MHz

1:3:5 Resistor ¼ W 1k,1.2k, 2.2k, 3.3k, 6.8k – 01 each 1:3:9 Preset – 01 1:3:10 Transistor – SL‐100‐547 ‐ 01 1:3:11 Hook‐up wire‐ 01 meter 1:3:12 Capacitor – 0.47 fd/16V – 02 1:3:13 AF Signal Generator 1 kHz ‐ 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we observed amplification of wave with/without

bypass capacitor. Now, we learn about common collector/emitter follower amplifier







Ground the base of transistor

Voltage Gain(AV)= Voutput / Vinput

Collector resistance is low.

During input positive half cycle (VB) and hence, RE increases.

VCE = VCC – IC.RC

VCE = VCC – VO

Current Gain Ai = AV = Zin/ RE

22


Connect the output to CRO and observe the amplitude of input and output signals.

Observe the input and output wave shape.

Power In = Vin2 / Zin

Power Out = Vout2 / Rout

Power Gain = Pout / Pin





Measure & calculate Current Gain, Voltage Gain and Power Gain


Applications of common collector/emitter follower amplifier

7. હવ પછ અ સરવા ાયો ગક કામ: ફાળવલો સમય : 10 િમનીટ Construct and Test Darlington amplifier

23



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 10 વીક નબર : 3 ફાળવલ સમય : 8 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and Test Darlington amplifier

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To know the concept of Darlington Pair 1:1:2 To construct the Darlington Pair circuit 1:1:3 To verify Darlington pair’s Gain

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tool kit with 25 W Soldering Iron 1:2:2 Regulated Power Supply 0‐30 V 2 A

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Digital Multimeter ‐ 01 1:3:2 General Purpose PCB 6’x 4’ – 01 1:3:3 Ammeter(0‐50 mA) – 02 1:3:4 Solder Wire 60:40 – 10gm

1:3:5 Resistor 1 ME – 02 1:3:9 Pot 100 kE – 01 1:3:10 Transistor – BC 547 ‐ 02 1:3:11 Hook‐up wire‐ 01 meter 1:3:12 Capacitor – 0.47 fd/16V – 02




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we learn about common collector/emitter follower

amplifier. Now, we learn about Darlington amplifier.







Now, switch ON the power supply and with the help of 100k POT adjust IB1 and maximum accordingly.

Note down IB and IC

IB1 =

24


Take the readings of IB1, IC1, IB2, IC2 and Total Current IC.





Adjust and measure all voltages and currents to find out the gain of Darlington Pair.


Applications of Darlington Pair.


Construct and test a two stage RC Coupled amplifier

25



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 11 વીક નબર : 3 ફાળવલ સમય : 8 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and test a two stage RC Coupled amplifier

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To compare Bandwidth of Single stage and Two stage Amplifier 1:1:2 To draw the frequency response curve of a two stage RC Coupled amplifier 1:1:3 To find the overall Gain of amplifier

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tool kit with 25 W Soldering Iron 1:2:2 IC Regulated Power Supply 9 V

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Electronics Multimeter ‐ 01 1:3:2 General Purpose PCB 6’x 4’ – 01 1:3:3 AC Milli voltmeter – 01 1:3:4 Solder Wire 60:40 – 10gm

1:3:5 Resistor 33 kE, 3.3 kE, 220 E, 1 kE – 02 each 1:3:6 Resistor 2.2 kE – 01 1:3:7 Transistor – BC 125 ‐ 02 1:3:8 Hook‐up wire‐ 01 meter 1:3:9 Capacitor – 25 µfd – 02 1:3:10 Capacitor – 100 µfd – 03




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we learn about Darlington amplifier. Now, we learn

about a two stage RC Coupled amplifier.







Apply input by using function generator to the circuit.

Observe the output waveform on CRO.

Voltage gain of single stage amplifier is not enough and we want more gain, then more stages are required

Overall gain of Two stage amplifierA= A1 x A2 Where, A1 and A2 are individual stage gain.

26


Measure the voltage at a. Output of first stage b. Output of second stage.

From the readings calculate voltage gain of first stage, second stage and overall gain of two stages.

Disconnect second stage and then measure output voltage of first stage calculates voltage gain.

Compare it with voltage gain obtained when second stage was connected.

Note down various values of gain for different frequencies.

A graph is plotted between frequency and voltage gain.

If frequency of input wave decrease from 1 kHz then Gain is also decreases accordingly.





Draw a frequency response curve of single stage amplifier and two stage amplifier and compare them.


Applications of a two stage RC Coupled amplifier.


Construct and test a Class B complementary push pull amplifier

27



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 12 વીક નબર : 3 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and test a Class B complementary push pull amplifier

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To measure the operating point of transistor 1:1:2 To find the Voltage Gain, Current Gain and Power Gain of an amplifier

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tool kit with 25 W Soldering Iron 1:2:2 IC Regulated Power Supply

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Electronics Multimeter ‐ 01 1:3:2 General Purpose PCB 6’x 6’ – 01 1:3:3 Voltmeter – 01 1:3:4 Solder Wire 60:40 – 10gm

1:3:5 Resistor 1 kE, 47 E, 10 kE, 470 E – 02 each 1:3:6 Pot‐10k – 01 1:3:7 Transistor – BC 547 and others‐ 02 each 1:3:8 Hook‐up wire‐ 01 meter 1:3:9 Capacitor – 47 µfd – 02 1:3:10 Diode IN4007‐ 02 1:3:11 CRO – 01 1:3:12 Function Generator ‐ 01


1:4:1 Electronics Trade Practical ‐ Divya Publication 1:4:2 Electronics Trade Practical – Nimi Publication


2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we learn about two stages RC Coupled amplifier. Now

we are going to study Class‐B Complimentary Push‐pull amplifier

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન: We rectified the signal in previous semester using diodes. Now we

amplify the signal along with their Bandwidths and their real time applications.




Verify circuit diagram from your Instructor.


Set power supply to +10 volts

This amplifier is also called as Class Band Width Amplifier.

Current Gain(Ai)= Ioac/ Iin

Voltage Gain(AV)= Voac/Vin

Power Gain(AP)= Ai x AV

28


Give 1 kHz and 50mV p‐p sine wave to circuit.

Observe the unloaded Output Voltage in CRO.

Connect AC Voltmeter to input and note down Vi.

Now connect AC Voltmeter to collector(C) of transistor and note VC.

Overall efficiency is more than Class‐A amplifier.





Observe input as well as output wave in CRO and calculate gain.


Applications of a Class‐B Amplifier.

7. હવ પછ અ સરવા ાયો ગક કામ: ફાળવલો સમય :10 િમનીટ

Construct and test class C Tuned amplifier

29



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 13 વીક નબર : 3 ફાળવલ સમય : 6:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and test class C Tuned amplifier

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To measure the operating point of transistor 1:1:2 To find the Voltage Gain, Current Gain and Power Gain of an amplifier


1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Electronics Multimeter ‐ 01 1:3:2 General Purpose PCB 6’x 6’ – 01 1:3:3 Analog Trainer – 01 1:3:4 Solder Wire 60:40 – 10gm

1:3:5 Resistor 15 kE, 10 kE – 01 each 1:3:6 Pot‐10k – 01 1:3:7 Transistor – BC 547 ‐ 02 each 1:3:8 Hook‐up wire‐ 01 meter 1:3:9 Capacitor – 10 µfd – 02 1:3:10 Ammeter, current meter ‐ 01 1:3:11 CRO 20 MHz – 01 1:3:12 Function Generator ‐ 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we learn about Class‐B Complimentary Push‐pull

amplifier. Now we are going to study Class C tuned amplifier


amplify the signal along with their Bandwidths and their real time applications.






Set power supply to +12 volts DC

Current Gain(Ai)= Ioac/ Iin

Voltage Gain(AV)= Voac/Vin

Power Gain(AP)= Ai x AV

30


Give 1 kHz and 50mV p‐p sine wave to circuit.


Connect AC Voltmeter to input and note down Vi.

Now connect AC Voltmeter to collector(C) to ground of transistor‐T1 and note Vac.

Overall efficiency is more than Class‐A amplifier.





Observe input as well as output wave in CRO and calculate gain.


Applications of a Class‐C Tuned Amplifier.


Demonstrate Colpitts oscillator, Hartley oscillator circuit

31



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 14 વીક નબર : 4 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Demonstrate Colpitts oscillator, Hartley oscillator circuit.

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To trace Q‐point of transistor of oscillators circuit 1:1:2 To observe the output in CRO


1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Electronics Multimeter ‐ 01 1:3:2 General Purpose PCB 6’x 6’ – 01 1:3:3 Analog Trainer – 01 1:3:4 Solder Wire 60:40 – 10gm

1:3:5 Resistor 220E, 33kE, 22kE,47 kE, 820 E, 82 kE – 01 each 1:3:6 Pot‐10k – 01 1:3:7 Transistor – BC 547 , BC‐107 ‐ 01 each 1:3:8 Hook‐up wire‐ 01 meter 1:3:9 Capacitor – 0.1 µfd, 56pF – 01 each 1:3:10 Ammeter, current meter ‐ 01 1:3:11 CRO 20 MHz – 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we learn about Class C tuned amplifier. Now we are

going to study Colpitts oscillator, Hartley oscillator circuit


amplify the signal along with their Bandwidths and their real time applications like High radio frequency generation.







Colpitt Oscillator Output frequency of Colpitt,

F = TunedCapacitance,

CT

32



Calculate the frequency of output wave.

Hartley Oscillator

Frequency, F = 1/ T kHz





Observe input as well as output wave in CRO and calculate frequency.


Applications of Colpitt and Hartley Oscillator.


Construct and test a RC phase shift oscillator circuits

33



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 15 વીક નબર : 4 ફાળવલ સમય : 6:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and test a RC phase shift oscillator circuit

1. વ તયાર



1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tool kit with 25 W Soldering Iron 1:2:2 Power Supply 0‐30 V

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Electronics Multimeter ‐ 01 1:3:2 General Purpose PCB 6’x 6’ – 01 1:3:3 Resistor 470 E – 01 1:3:4 Solder Wire 60:40 – 10gm

1:3:5 Resistor 1 kE – 03 1:3:6 Capacitor ‐ 100kpF – 01 1:3:7 Transistor – BC 547 , BC‐107 ‐ 01 each 1:3:8 Hook‐up wire‐ 01 meter 1:3:9 Capacitor – 10µF/16V – 01 1:3:10 Pot(VR) 100 kE ‐ 01 1:3:11 CRO 20 MHz, Frequency Counter – 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we learn about Class‐B Complimentary Push‐pull

amplifier. Now we are going to construct a RC phase shift oscillator circuit.


amplify the signal along with their Bandwidths and their real time applications like High radio frequency generation.







Output frequency

Circuit shown referred as Phase

shift amplifier.

34



Calculate the frequency of output wave.

180° phase shift due to CE confg.

Low audio frequency generated due to resistor and capacitor used in circuit.





Observe input as well as output wave in CRO and calculate frequency.


Applications of RC phase shift oscillator circuits.


Construct and test a crystal oscillator circuits

35



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 16 વીક નબર : 4 ફાળવલ સમય : 6:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and test a crystal oscillator circuits

1. વ તયાર




1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Electronics Multimeter ‐ 01 1:3:2 General Purpose PCB 6’x 6’ – 01 1:3:3 Resistor 470 E – 01 1:3:4 Solder Wire 60:40 – 10gm

1:3:5 Resistor 1 kE – 03 1:3:6 Capacitor ‐ 100kpF – 01 1:3:7 Transistor – BC 547 , BC‐107 ‐ 01 each 1:3:8 Hook‐up wire‐ 01 meter 1:3:9 Capacitor – 10µF/16V – 01 1:3:10 Pot(VR) 100 kE ‐ 01 1:3:11 CRO 20 MHz, Frequency Counter – 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we learn about a RC phase shift oscillator circuit. Now

we are going to construct and test Crystal oscillator.


amplify the signal along with their Bandwidths and their real time applications like frequency (20kHz to 50MHz) generation.







Quartz crystal is used in this type

of oscillator

36


Adjust Time base in CRO and measure amplitude.

Now, decrease power supply and find voltage Vdc

when crystal will oscillate.





Observe input as well as output wave in CRO and measure following parameters. 1. Frequency marked on oscillator =__________ 2. Amplitude of oscillation = ________________ 3. Freq. of oscillation = ____________________ 4. Output freq. = _________________________


Applications of Crystal oscillator.


Demonstrate A stable, mono stable & bi stable circuit using transistors.

37



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 17 વીક નબર : 4 ફાળવલ સમય : 10:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Demonstrate A stable, mono stable & bi stable circuit using transistors.

1. વ તયાર




1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Electronics Multimeter ‐ 01 1:3:2 General Purpose PCB 6’x 6’ – 03 1:3:3 Resistor 470 E – 04 1:3:4 Solder Wire 60:40 – as required

1:3:5 Resistor 1 kE – 06 1:3:6 Resistor 10 kE – 06 1:3:5 Resistor 47 kE – 03 1:3:7 Capacitor ‐ 100kpF – 02 1:3: Transistor – BC 547 ‐ 06 1:3: Hook‐up wire‐ as required 1:3: Red LED 5mm – 02 1:3:5 Diode IN4007 – 02 1:3:5 Push Button switch – 02 1:3: Pot(VR) 100 kE ‐ 01 1:3: CRO 20 MHz, Frequency Generator – 01 each




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we learnt about a construction and testing Crystal

oscillator circuit. Now we are going to find out responses of various vibrators.

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન: With this multivibrator’s circuit, we can generate different types of

waves for different purposes.







A stable, in which the circuit is not

stable in either state —it

continually switches from one

state to the other. It functions as

a relaxation oscillator.

38


Give sine wave input to all three vibrator’s circuit and observe the output waves.

Vary the POT value and observe their output.

Note down the ON‐OFF time period and frequencies of vibrator’s circuits.

Mono stable, in which one of the

states is stable, but the other

state is unstable (transient). A

trigger pulse causes the circuit to

enter the unstable state. After

entering the unstable state, the

circuit will return to the stable

state after a set time. Such a

circuit is useful for creating a

timing period of fixed duration in

response to some external event.

This circuit is also known as a one

shot.

Bi stable, in which the circuit is

stable in either state. It can be

flipped from one state to the

other by an external trigger pulse.

This circuit is also known as a flip

flop. It can be used to store

one bit of information.



Connection with CRO, function generator with given circuit.


Observe input as well as output wave in CRO and measure various parameters.


Applications of multi vibrators.


Construct and test shunt clipper

39



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 18 વીક નબર : 5 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and test shunt clipper

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To observe the clipping waves

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tool kit with 25 W Soldering Iron

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Electronics Multimeter ‐ 01 1:3:2 General Purpose PCB 6’x 4’ – 01 1:3:3 Solder Wire 60:40 – as required

1:3:4 Resistor 1 kE – 01 1:3:5 Hook‐up wire ‐ as required 1:3:6 Diode IN4007 – 01 1:3:7 CRO 20 MHz, Function Generator – 01 each




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we learnt about various multi vibrators. Now we

observe the responses of shunt clipping circuit.

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન: It’s easy to make shunt clipping circuit and directly, we can observe the

output compare to other complex circuits.






Set frequency to 1 V (Vp); 1 kHz and feed it to the input of circuit.

Observe the input and output wave form in CRO.

Compare both input and output.

Positive shunt clipping waves

40


Negative clipping

4. અમલીકરણ (માગદશન હઠળ તાલીમાથ ઓની િ : ફાળવલો સમય : 60 િમનીટ




Observe input as well as output wave in CRO and draw them in notebook.


Applications of clipper’s circuit.


Construct and test series and dual clipper circuit using diodes

41



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 19 વીક નબર : 5 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and test series and dual clipper circuit using diodes

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To observe the clipping waves

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tool kit with 25 W Soldering Iron 1:2:2 Power Supply ‐ 01

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Digital Multimeter ‐ 01 1:3:2 General Purpose PCB 6’x 4’ – 01 1:3:3 Solder Wire 60:40 – as required

1:3:4 Resistor 1 kE – 01 1:3:5 Hook‐up wire ‐ as required 1:3:6 Diode IN4007 – 02 1:3:7 CRO 20 MHz Dual channel, Function Generator – 01 each




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we learnt about shunt clipping circuit. Now we observe

the responses of series and dual clipper circuit.

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન: It’s easy to make clipping circuit and directly we can observe the output

easier than other complex circuits.






Set frequency to 1 V (Vp ); 1 kHz and feed it to the input of circuit.

Series Positive clipper waveforms

42




Series negative clipper waveforms

Dual diode clipper waveforms







Applications of clipper’s circuit.


Construct and test clamper circuit using diodes

43



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 20 વીક નબર : 5 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and test clamper circuit using diodes.

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To observe the clamping waves



1:3:4 Capacitor 10µF/25v – 01 1:3:5 Hook‐up wire ‐ as required 1:3:6 Diode IN4007 – 02 1:3:7 CRO 20 MHz, Function Generator – 01 each




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we learnt about series and dual clipper circuit. Now we

observe the responses of clamper circuit.

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન: It’s easy as clipping circuits.






Set frequency to 5 V (Vp ); 1 kHz and feed it to the input of circuit.



44








Applications of clamper’s circuit.


Construct and test zener diode as a peak clipper

45



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 21 વીક નબર : 5 ફાળવલ સમય : 6:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and test zener diode as a peak clipper

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 construct zener diode circuit as peak clipper 1:1:2 test zener diode circuit

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tool kit with 25 W Soldering Iron 1:2:2 Power Supply – 01 1:2:3 CRO 1:2:4 Digital Multimeter – 01 1:2:5 function generator

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 zener diode 1:3:2 resistor 1:3:3 breadboard 1:3:4 connecting wires




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we learnt about clamper circuit. Now we observe the

zener diode as peak clipper

2:2 અભી રીત કરવાના મ ા અન પવાનસધાન: We have used diode as clipper and clamper circuit using rectifier diode we can also use zener diode as a clipper



.assemble the circuit as per diagram

Switch on dc supply

Apply sinw wave from signal generator signal amplitude must be greater than the clipping level of zener diode

Observe the waveform on CRO

Measure amplitude and time oeriod and record in the table

Measure the clipperd voltage

Verify it with input voltage using DMM and record it

Wave forms

46








Applications of zener diode


Identify & Test FET transistors and record main parameters from the Data book

47



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 22 વીક નબર : 6 ફાળવલ સમય : 6:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Identify & Test FET transistors and record main parameters from the Data book

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To identify different FETs 1:1:2 To find FET parameter by its numbering


1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Digital Multimeter ‐ 01 1:3:2 Different types of FETs e.g. 2N 3899, BFW‐10, BIW‐11 1:3:3 Data book




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we learnt about the response of Schmitt Trigger circuit.

Now we will see new component named ‘FET’.




Note the number given on FETs.

Identify the FET terminal as Drain (D), Gate (G) and Source (S).

Use data book to know its parameters.

RDS means D.C. Drain Resistance, RDC = VDC /ID

rd means A.C. Drain Resistance, rds. = ΔVDS / ΔID

gm means Transconductance, gm = ΔID / ΔVGS

µ means amplification factor µ = ΔVDS / ΔVGS

48

અ .ન િનદશન દર યાન અ સરવાના િમક પદો

ચાવી પ િ /ચાવી પ ા


Identification of FETs


Enlist the different types of FETs in notebook.


Practical‐22


Construct and test a FET Amplifier

49



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 23 વીક નબર : 6 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and test a FET Amplifier

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To identify terminal in FET’s amplifier circuit 1:1:2 To construct amplifier circuit


1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Digital Multimeter ‐ 01 1:3:2 FET BFW‐10 ‐ 01 1:3:3 Power supply +12V – 01 1:3:4 CRO Dual trace – 20 MHz with BNC Connector, Function Generator – 01 each 1:3:5 General Purpose PCB 6’x 4’ – 01 1:3:6 Solder Wire 60:40 – as required

1:3:7 Capacitor 10 KPF – 02 1:3:8 Capacitor 1 µF – 01 1:3:9 Resistor 470 E, 10 ME, 1 kE – 02 each 1:3:10 Hookup wire – 01 meter 1:3:11 Electronics Voltmeter(EVM) ‐ 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we identified different FETs using data book. Now we

will construct FET amplifier circuit.

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન: Amplification using FET





Watch output (Vo) in CRO.

Find the gain and note down in the observation table

First draw and study the given circuit diagram and note down the value of every components used in it.


Sr No. InputVi mV

Output Vo mV

Gain

50

અન.ન િનદશરન દર યાન અનસરવાના કરિમક પદો ચાવી પ પરવિ /ચાવી પ મ ા





Enlist the different FET’s applications in notebook.


Practical‐23


Identify & Test SCRs of different ratings and the packages

51



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 24 વીક નબર : 6 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હત : Identify & Test SCRs of different ratings and the packages

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To identify different SCR 1:1:2 To identify terminals of SCR 1:1:3 To test SCR using multimeter


1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Digital Multimeter ‐ 01 1:3:2 Different SCRs




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we learnt about FET. Now we will see new component

named ‘SCR’.




Note the number given on FETs.

Identify the SCR terminal as Anode, Gate (G) and Cathode.

Set multimeter in ohm range and check respective polarities of anode and cathode /or Gate and Cathode and feed them forward and reverse bias alternately.

Note down observations in observation table.

K – Cathode, A‐ Anode, G ‐ Gate

52



Identification of SCR


Enlist the different types of SCRs in notebook.


Practical‐24


Construct a test circuit to test SCRs

53



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 25 વીક નબર : 6 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct a test circuit to test SCRs

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To identify terminal of SCR 1:1:2 To check whether SCR is working or not.


1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Digital Multimeter ‐ 01 1:3:2 Transformer 0‐12 V/500 mA ‐ 01 1:3:3 Diode IN4007 ‐ 01 1:3:4 LED – red 5mm ‐ 01 1:3:5 General Purpose PCB 6’x 4’ – 01 1:3:6 Solder Wire 60:40 – as required

1:3:7 SCR TY‐604 ‐ 01 1:3:8 Capacitor 470 µF/25v – 01 1:3:9 Resistor 1 k‐1/4w – 03 1:3:10 Flexible wire 14/36 – as require in different colours 1:3:11 Main Code wire – 2300/50Hz Two pin ‐ 01 1:3:12 Push‐ON switch ‐ 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we identified different FETs using data book. Now we

will construct FET amplifier circuit.

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન: Amplification using FET



First draw and study the given circuit diagram and note down the value of every components used in it.


For SCR testing use Red wire for anode; Blue for Gate and Black for Cathode.


Feed input 230v/50Hz AC supply and check whether LED will glow or not.

After removing Gate, LED remains ON.

54





Enlist the different SCR’s applications in notebook.


Practical‐25


Construct a jig circuit to test DIAC

55



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 26 વીક નબર : 7 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct a jig circuit to test DIAC

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To identify different DIAC and TRIAC. 1:1:2 To identify terminals of DIAC and TRIAC.

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tool kit with 25 W Soldering Iron 1:2:2 Data book on DIAC and TRIAC

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Digital Multimeter ‐ 01 1:3:2 Different DIAC and TRIAC‐ as required




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we constructed and tested a solid state relay. Now we

will construct a jig circuit to check DIAC.




Identify DIAC and Quick test :

Note down numbers given on DIAC.

Use data book and note the specifications.

Measure the resistance from both directions alternately. Testing of DIAC on JIG circuit Construct circuit as per diagram ‐ Switch on DC supply and increase voltage

upto 5V ‐ Record ammeter and voltage across DIAC

in the table

For DIAC: Table‐ 1

DIAC Code No.

Table‐ 2

Code No. of DIAC

Resistance in One direction

Resistance in other direction

56


‐ Increase DC voltage in steps of 5V and record all reading

‐ Now slowly increase voltage in steps of 2V upto 30V and record reading

‐ Now revrse the DIAC connection in circuit and take same reading


Identification of DIAC and TRIAC with their specifications.


Enlist applications of DIAC and TRIAC in notebook.


Practical‐26


Construct a simple dimmer circuit using TRIAC

57



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 26.1 વીક નબર : 7 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct a snubber circuit for protecting SCR

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 construct a snubber circuit for protecting SCR and use free wheeling diode to reduce back emf. 1:1:2 measure the waveform of gate trigger pulse and across the load.

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : • Trainees tool kit - 1 Set • Variac (0-260 VAC/5A) - 1 No • Digital multimeter with probes - 1 No • CRO, 0-20MHz Dual channel - 1 No • Pulse generator/Function generator - 1 No

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : General purpose printed circuit Board - 1 No Resistors 120, 100/1W - 1 No each 30 VDC motor/2A - 1 No SCR TY6004 - 2 Nos Capacitor 680pF/1KV - 1 No

DPST Switch - 1 No


1:4:1 Electronics Trade Practical ‐ NIMI 1:4:2 Electronics Trade Practical – NIMI Publication


2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we constructed Jig Circuit to test DIAC. Now we will

construct & test a snubber circuit for protecting SCR

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન: SCR is very important component ,in some circuit to protect SCR from

back emf snubber circuit is require


અ .ન િનદશન દર યાન અ સરવાના િમક પદો ચાવી પ િ /ચાવી પ ા 1 2 3 4

Collect all the components, check them plan the layoutof the circuit shown in Fig 1 on the general purposePCB. Fix the component as per the layout assemble the snubber circuit for SCR. Get the assembled snubber circuit checked by the Instructor. Connect the load (DC motor) and the pulse generator to the SCR circuit

58


5 6 7 8 9

10

Keep the variac in zero volt position and connect to the AC mains supply. Switch ON and adjust prepare the CRO for measurements. Switch ON the AC mains supply, adjust /set the ouput of variac at 30 VAC to the circuit Switch ON the pulse generator and apply the gate triggering pulse to the SCR Measure the waveform at gate terminal across the load,and across the SCR. Record the observation in Table 1.




Enlist applications of SCR


Practical‐26.1


Identify and test a DIAC ,TRIAC & UJT

59



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 27 વીક નબર : 7 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Identify and test a DIAC ,TRIAC & UJT

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To identify different DIAC and TRIAC. 1:1:2 To identify terminals of DIAC and TRIAC.

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tool kit with 25 W Soldering Iron 1:2:2 Data book on DIAC and TRIAC

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Digital Multimeter ‐ 01 1:3:2 Different DIAC, TRIAC & UJTs – As available




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we constructed a jig circuit to check DIAC. Now we will

identify DIAC and TRIAC.




Identify DIAC and Quick test :

Note down numbers given on DIAC.

Use data book and note the specifications.

Measure the resistance from both directions alternately. Testing of TRIAC :

Identify TRIAC’s terminals as – MT1, MT2 and Gate (G).

Set multimeter in R x 1 range and touch both the probes of multimeter alternately with TRIAC terminals. Note down the readings

Triac symbol

Diac symbol

60


Testing of UJT Using Multimeter between E1 and Base Apply FB it will shaw law resistance Using Multimeter between E1 and Base Apply RB it will shaw high resistance Using Multimeter between E2 and Base Apply FB it will shaw law resistance Using Multimeter between E2 and Base Apply RB it will shaw high resistance

Symbol of UJT


Identification of DIAC and TRIAC with their specifications





Practical‐27


Construct a simple dimmer circuit using TRIAC

61



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 28 વીક નબર : 7 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct a simple dimmer/Fan regulator circuit using TRIAC

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To construct and test fan regulator/dimmer circuit 1:1:2 To understand working of fan regulator/ dimmer

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tool kit with 25 W Soldering Iron 1:2:2 Neon tester

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Digital Multimeter ‐ 01 1:3:2 Solder Wire 60:40 – as required 1:3:3 TRIAC‐BT‐136 – 01 1:3:4 DIAC‐D‐3202 – 01 1:3:5 General Purpose PCB 6’x4’ – 01 1:3:6 Neon lamp 240V – 01 1:3:7 Inductor/ 25SWG / 10 mm/40 turn – 01 1:3:8 Carbon resistor 180E / 1 W – 01 1:3:9 Carbon resistor 470 kE / 1W – 01 1:3:10 Carbon resistor 47 K/ 1 W – 01 1:3:11 Potentiometer 250 K – 01 1:3:12 Single Pole single through switch – 5A – 01 1:3:13 Insulated Cable 1.5SQ mm 600V – 02 meter 1:3:14 Capacitor 0.1 µfd/400V – 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we identified various DIAC and TRIAC. Now we will

construct a simple dimmer/ fan regulator circuit.

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન: Importance of DIAC and TRIAC in given circuit can be learned after this

experiment.



First study the given circuit diagram and verify circuit diagram from your Instructor.

Test components (POT, SPDT Switch, 3‐Pin socket, Neon lamp) using multimeter and mount them on the PCB by soldering.

Observation:

Sr. No. POT value Speed of fan

62


Connect the PCB as follow: o Fuse to neon lamp o PCB to POT o PCB to main ground line’s 3‐pin socket

Put PCB on insulated object and connect it to AC supply (OFF state).

Connect test lamp to main output socket and witch ‘ON’ mains.

Keep varying POT and observe the Lamp’s intensity from LOW to HIGH.

Replace lamp with Fan and proceed same to observe working of DIAC/TRIAC.


Identification of DIAC and TRIAC with their specifications


5. કસોટ / તાલીમાથ ઓની વત કામગીર : ફાળવલો સમય:30 િમનીટ



Practical‐28


Construct UJT based free running oscillator and change its frequency

63



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 29 વીક નબર : 8 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct UJT based free running oscillator and change its frequency

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To construct UJT based free running oscillator


1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Digital Multimeter ‐ 01 1:3:2 Solder Wire 60:40 – as required 1:3:3 Potentiometer ½ W, 470k – 01 1:3:4 UJT 2N2646 – 01 1:3:5 General Purpose PCB 6’x4’ – 01 1:3:6 Hook up wire – as required 1:3:7 Inductor/ 25SWG / 10 mm/40 turn – 01 1:3:8 Carbon resistor 2.2kE – ¼ W – 01 1:3:9 Carbon resistor 470 kE – ¼ W – 01 1:3:10 Carbon resistor 47 K‐ ¼ W – 01 1:3:11 Capacitor 0.02 F/25V – 01 1:3:12 Dual channel Oscilloscope – 01 1:3:13 DC power supply 0‐30V – 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we construct a simple dimmer/ fan regulator circuit.

Now we will construct UJT based free running oscillator.

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન: Different types of waves are there i.e. sine wave, triangular wave, rectangular waves, saw tooth wave etc. This oscillator will generate Saw‐tooth waveforms.





Connect the DC supply and observe the output waveform in CRO.

Observe waveforms by varying value of POT.

UJT is used as relaxation oscillator.

64





Enlist applications of UJT in notebook.


Practical‐29

7. હવ પછ અ સરવા ાયો ગક કામ: ફાળવલો સમય : 10 િમનીટ Identify MOSFET by its number & different heat sinks used with various power MOSFET devices.

65



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 30 વીક નબર : 8 ફાળવલ સમય : 6:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Identify MOSFET by its number & different heat sinks used with various power MOSFET devices

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To identify type of MOSFET 1:1:2 To identify the lead 1:1:3 To identify different sized heat sinks

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tool kit with 25 W Soldering Iron 1:2:2 Magnifying glass

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Different types of MOSFETs 1:3:2 Digital multimeter – 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, constructed UJT based free running oscillator. Now we

will study MOSFET.

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન: Different types of electronics components are used now‐w‐days and

one of the most used component is MOSFET due to its less consumption of power and relevant use in various fields.



Take MOSFET and note the label number & typed number.

Let’s check whether MOSFET is N‐channel or P‐channel using multimeter.

Set multimeter to continuity/diode range and fix black probe to Com; Red probe to Ohms.

Connect Black probe to MOSFET’s drain (D) and red to Source (S). If meter shows reading than it means Drain (D) as cathode and Source(S) as Anode.

Now reverse the probe connection and check meter is responding or not. If not than it is reversed bias. And hence MOSFET is N‐Channel MOSFET.

And in reversed condition, any MOSFET shows some readings than it is P‐Channel MOSFET.

MOSFET is used in Mother board as well as in Industrial Electronics.

MOSFET contains 3‐terminals: o Pin 1: Gate(G) o Pin 2:Drain(D) o Pin 3: Source(S)

In laptops, N‐channel and P‐channel MOSFETs are used.

66



Identification of different types of MOSFET.


Enlist applications of MOSFET in notebook.


Practical‐30

7. હવ પછ અ સરવા ાયો ગક કામ: ફાળવલો સમય : 10 િમનીટ Construct MOSFET test circuit with a small load

67



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 31 વીક નબર : 8 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct MOSFET test circuit with a small load

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To know specifications from numbers given on MOSFETs 1:1:2 To connect small load with MOSFET and check it.

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tool kit with 25 W Soldering Iron 1:2:2 Data book of MOSFET

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 MOSFET IRF‐44 –IRZ‐48 – 01 1:3:2 Battery 12 V – 01 1:3:3 Lamp 12 V – 01 1:3:4 Hook up wire – as required




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we identified MOSFET’s. Now we will check MOSFET by

connecting small load.

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન :



Note number given on MOSFET.

Note voltage capacity using data book. Set the practical according to circuit diagram.

Connect Drain (D) terminal to +ve and Source(S) to –ve of supply.

Connect the lamp as load.

Now, touch open Gate (G) terminal with your finger.

That time lamp will glow.

Symbol of mosfet

68



Connection of given circuit.


Enlist applications of MOSFET in notebook.


Practical‐31


Identify IGBT & Construct IGBT test circuit with a small load

69



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 32 વીક નબર : 8 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Identify IGBT & Construct IGBT test circuit with a small load

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To identify IGBT from its numbering 1:1:2 To check IGBT

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Magnifying glass

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Different types of IGBTs 1:3:2 Digital multimeter – 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied MOSFET. Now we will study IGBT.




Take IGBT and note the label number & typed number.

Using data book, note down the characteristics of IGBT.

Identify leads according to their number and data book.

IGBT‐ Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor

IGBT is used as Power switch for motor control; in UPS as well as Inverter, Induction heating.

IGBT contains 3‐terminals: o Pin 1: Gate(G) o Pin 2:Collector(C) o Pin 3: Emitter(E)

70


4. અમલીકરણ (માગદશન હઠળ તાલીમાથ ઓની િ ): ફાળવલો સમય : 40 િમનીટ Identification of different types IGBT.

5. કસોટ / તાલીમાથ ઓની વત કામગીર : ફાળવલો સમય: 30 િમનીટ Enlist applications and characteristics of IGBT.

6. વા યાય ( હકાય) : ફાળવલો સમય : 20 િમનીટ Practical‐32

7. હવ પછ અ સરવા ાયો ગક કામ: ફાળવલો સમય : 10 િમનીટ Identify & Test different types of LEDs

71



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 33 વીક નબર : 9 ફાળવલ સમય : 6:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Identify & Test different types of LEDs

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To identify and check LEDs

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tool kit 1:2:2 Data book on LEDs

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Different types of LEDs 1:3:2 Digital multimeter – 01 1:3:3 DC Multimeter 0‐50V – 01 1:3:4 Carbon resistor 220 E‐ ¼ w – 01 1:3:5 Potentiometer 1 K – ¼ w – 01 1:3:6 DC Voltmeter 0‐10v ‐ 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied IGBT. Now we will study LED’s.

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન: We have seen different colored light decorations on festivals like

Diwali, X‐mas and occasions like marriages, functions. It is the magic of LED’s. In year 2014, Nobel prize was given to scientists for research on LEDs.





Take LED and find out its type, size and color.

Identify Anode (A) and Cathode (C) using multimeter.

Set multimeter in continuity range and check whether LED is glow by connecting terminals to –ve and +ve probe.

Longer leg of LED is Anode (A) and Shorter one is Cathode (C).

Led symbol

Termina identification

72



Identification of different types LEDs.


Enlist applications and advantages of LEDs over Conventional bulbs.


Practical‐33


Identify and test LDR, photo voltaic cell

73



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 34 વીક નબર : 9 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Identify and test LDR, photo voltaic cell

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To test LDR and know it’s working 1:1:2 To test a Photo voltaic cell

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tool kit with 25 W soldering Iron

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 General Purpose PCB 6’x 6’ – 01 1:3:2 Solder Wire 60:40 – 10gm 1:3:3 Digital multimeter – 01 1:3:4 DC Multimeter 0‐50V – 01 1:3:5 Carbon resistor 680 E, 2K2, 1K5, 1 kE, 220 E ‐ ¼ w – 01 each 1:3:6 LDR – 01 1:3:7 LED – 5mm dia. red – 01 1:3:8 Push – ON switch ‐ 01 1:3:9 Photo voltaic cell – 01 1:3:10 Lamp with holder – 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied LEDs. Now we will study LDR & Photo

Voltaic cell.

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન: LDR is mostly used in alarm circuits for security purpose. Photo voltaic

cell converts Light energy into electrical energy.


અ .ન િનદશન દર યાન અ સરવાના િમક પદો ચાવી પ િ /ચાવી પ ા For LDR testing:

Draw and study the diagram.

Verify it from instructor and connect them.

Give +12 V supply and connect it with CNN1 connector.

Connect multimeter to CNN2.

Observe the resistance of LDR.

LDR – Light Dependent Resistor

Used for switching purpose in Alarm

74


For Photo Voltaic Cell:

Identify and observe the given Photo voltaic cell and note given data.

Connect lamp of 200 W and expose photo voltaic cell to the sunlight.

Also check voltage using multimeter on different intensity of sunlight.

Photo Voltaic cell is a semiconductor junction which generates potential difference.


Identification and test of LDR as well as Photo Voltaic cell.


Enlist applications and advantages of LDR as well as Photo voltaic cell.


Practical‐34


Construct a circuit to switch a lamp load using photo transistor

75



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 35 વીક નબર : 9 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct a circuit to switch a lamp load using photo transistor

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To identify IR diode and understand working of it 1:1:2 To operate it by connecting relay


1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Digital Multimeter ‐ 01 1:3:2 Solder Wire 60:40 – as required 1:3:3 General Purpose PCB 6’x4’ – 01 1:3:4 Hook up wire – As required 1:3:5 Relay 12V/200Ω – 01 1:3:6 lamp 12V – 01 1:3:7 IR Photo diode, IR LED – 01 1:3:8 Carbon resistor 820E / ½ W – 01 1:3:9 Carbon resistor 1 k / ¼ W – 01 1:3:10 Diode – IN4007 – 01 1:3:11 POT 4K7 – 01 1:3:12 Press ON/OFF switch – 5A – 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we identified various DIAC and TRIAC. Now we will

construct a simple dimmer/ fan regulator circuit.

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન: Importance of DIAC and TRIAC in given circuit can be learned after this

experiment.




Solder them on PCB according to diagram.

Give +12 V power supply to circuit.

Check whether lamp will glow or not while switching ON a push button.

Difference between transistor and photo transistor

symbol

76





Enlist applications of photo transistor in notebook.


Practical ‐ 35


Identify Opto coupler input and output terminals & measure different parameters.

77



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 36 વીક નબર : 9 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Identify Opto coupler input and output terminals & measure different parameters

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To identify terminals of opto‐coupler IC 1:1:2 To know the function of Pins of opto‐coupler 1:1:3 To understand working principle of opto‐coupler

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tool kit with 25 W Soldering Iron 1:2:2 Data book of IC

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Digital Multimeter ‐ 01 1:3:2 Solder Wire 60:40 – as required 1:3:3 General Purpose PCB 6’x4’ – 01 1:3:4 Hook up wire – As required 1:3:5 OPTO IC‐3041 – 01 1:3:6 Carbon resistor 220E / ½ W – 01 1:3:7 Carbon resistor 1 k / ¼ W – 01 1:3:8 LED – red & green 5mm ‐ 01 1:3:9 Press ON/OFF switch – 5A – 01 1:3:10 Transistor BC‐547 – 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied about photo transistor. Now we will

identify terminals of opto coupler.

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન: There is no any electrical connection in opto coupler device’s input or output but they are optically coupled.



Take IC and note number of IC to find out the specification from data book.

Identify pins as given in data book.

Now connect circuit and give +10V DC supply.

Switch ON and OFF to observe the output on LED.

Work function of IC pin

Pin Work Function

1 Offset

2 Inverting Input

3 Non‐inverting Input

4 ‐Vcc

5 Offset

6 Output

7 Ivco8 N/C

78





Enlist applications of Opto coupler IC.


Practical ‐ 36


Identify different logic gate IC

79



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 37 વીક નબર : 10 ફાળવલ સમય : 5:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Identify different Logic Gates by its number and study of internal circuit

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To identify IC and its logic gates by its number 1:1:2 To know internal circuit of IC using data book 1:1:3 To know pin configuration

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tool kit with 25 W Soldering Iron 1:2:2 Magnifying glass – 01 1:2:3 Data book of ICs

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 IC – 7408 – 01 1:3:1 IC – 7400 – 01 1:3:1 IC – 7486 – 01 1:3:1 IC – 7404 – 01 1:3:1 IC – 7411 – 01 1:3:1 IC – 7402 – 01 1:3:1 IC – 7432 – 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied SMD technology. Now we will learn about

digital electronics.

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન: Digital IC may be a small scale integration or MSI: medium scale

integration. Digital technology is very important for us.



Identify given digital IC by its number printed on it.

Identify whether IC is TTL or CMOS.

Now, find IC’s notch or dot and identify Pin‐1 and pin‐14.

Take data book and draw ICs internal drawing from it.

Note down pin number and know its functions.

Identify supply pin and ground pin of IC.

TTL pin outs IC – 7408 IC – 7400 IC – 7486 IC – 7404 IC – 7411 IC – 7402 IC – 7432

80



Identification of ICs and Logic gates inside it.


Enlist applications ICs.


Practical ‐ 37


Verification of all logic gate ICs using switch & led

81



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 38 વીક નબર : 10 ફાળવલ સમય : 5:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Verification of all logic gate ICs using switch & led

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To verify NOT gate using NOT gate‐IC 1:1:2 To verify AND gate using AND gate‐IC 1:1:3 To verify OR gate using OR gate‐IC 1:1:4 To verify NAND gate using NAND gate‐IC 1:1:5 To verify NOR gate using NOR gate‐IC 1:1:6 To verify X‐OR gate using X‐OR gate‐IC

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tools gates 1:2:2 Digital IC trainer ‐ 01

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 IC – 7400 – 01 1:3:2 IC – 7402 – 01 1:3:3 IC – 7404 – 01 1:3:4 IC – 7408 – 01 1:3:5 IC – 7432 – 01 1:3:6 IC – 7486 – 01 1:3:7 LED – red and green 5mm ‐ 03 each 1:3:8 14‐pin IC socket – 01 1:3:9 Hook up wire – as required 1:3:10 SPDT toggle switch – 03 1:3:11 Digital multimeter ‐ 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied basics of digital electronics. Now we will

learn about different Logic gates.





Note specifications and value of components according to given circuit diagram.

Test and check pins using multimeter.

Mount components properly and solder them on PCB.

Connect transformer of 0‐6 V/500mA with circuit.

Truth tables:

82


Check whether IC‐7805’s output is +5 V.

Now mount IC‐7408 into IC socket.

Check Pin‐14 is connected to ground and pin‐7 to ground.

Connect two input switches SW‐1 and SW‐2 respectively.

Connect LEDs to output (green) and input (red).

Check output by switching both switches simultaneously as following:

SW‐1(red LED) SW‐2(green LED) Output(green)

OFF OFF

OFF ON

ON OFF

ON ON

Now replace different ICs to verify the different logic gates.




Draw and verify truth tables of different logic gates.


Practical ‐ 38


Construct and verify the truth table of all the gates using NAND and NOR gates

83



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 39 વીક નબર : 10 ફાળવલ સમય : 10:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and verify the truth table of all the gates using NAND and NOR gates

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To verify NOT gate using NOT as well as NAND gate‐IC 1:1:2 To verify AND gate using NOT as well as NAND gate‐IC 1:1:3 To verify OR gate using NOT as well as NAND gate‐IC 1:1:2 To verify NAND gate using NOT as well as NAND gate‐IC 1:1:2 To verify NOR gate using NOT as well as NAND gate‐IC 1:1:2 To verify X‐OR gate using NOT as well as NAND gate‐IC

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tools gates 1:2:2 Digital IC trainer ‐ 01

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 IC – 7400 – 05 1:3:2 IC – 7402 – 05 1:3:3 LED – red and green 5mm ‐ as required 1:3:4 14‐pin IC socket – 05 1:3:5 Hook up wire – as required 1:3:6 SPDT toggle switch – 03 1:3:7 Digital multimeter ‐ 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied basics of digital electronics. Now we will

learn about different Logic gates.





Study logical diagram of AND gate using NOR gate and mount them on PCB.

Solder them on PCB after verifying from instructor.

Connect Pin‐14 to +Vcc and Pin‐7 to ground.

Give input signals and use switch to vary the input to get output of desired logical gate.

Repeat all steps for different logical gates from NOR gate as well as NAND gate.

Truth tables:

84


Use following observation table:

SW‐1(red LED) SW‐2(green LED) Output(green)

OFF OFF

OFF ON

ON OFF

ON ON






Practical ‐ 39


Use digital IC tester to test the various digital ICs (TTL and CMOS)

85



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 40 વીક નબર : 10 ફાળવલ સમય : 5:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Use digital IC tester to test the various digital ICs (TTL and CMOS)

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To understand front panel controls of IC tester 1:1:2 To identify number and manufacturer of TTL and CMOS ICs. 1:1:3 To identify different types of IC packages 1:1:2 To test ICs using IC tester

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tools with IC puller – 01 1:2:2 Digital IC trainer with data book‐ 01

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Different types of TTL & CMOS ICs – 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied different Logic gates. Now we will learn

about IC tester and its working.





Study manual of digital IC tester.

Collect information about front control panel and its working.

Insert 9 Volt battery in IC tester.

Switch ON IC tester and know its functions.

Now, put different ICs in IC socket of IC tester and lock its handle.

Set the series of IC according to input IC and press test button.

Wait till process will be completed.

Tester will show the number of IC and check gate which is present inside given IC.

If IC works than tester shows ‘OK’ else ‘BAD’ will come on display.

Show different IC packages Show different digital IC 8‐pin,14 pin ,20 pin IC Show different IC base How to use data book

86



Identification of ICs and Logic gates inside it using digital IC tester.


Check whether given IC is OK or not; if OK than find specification from its number.


Practical – 40


Construct Half Adder and Full adder circuit & verify their truth table

87



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 41 વીક નબર : 11 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct Half Adder circuit & verify their truth table

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To construct & verify half adder circuit. 1:1:2 To construct & verify half adder circuit.

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tools kit with Soldering Iron – 01 1:2:2 Digital IC trainer ‐ 01

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 IC – 7400 – 02 1:3:2 IC – 7486 – 02 1:3:3 14‐pin IC socket – 04 1:3:4 General Purpose PCB 6’x4’ – 02 1:3:5 Hook up wire – as required 1:3:6 SPDT toggle switch – 05 1:3:7 Digital multimeter ‐ 01 1:3:8 IC – 7486 – 01 1:3:9 IC – 7408 – 01 1:3:10 Transistor BC‐547 – 02 1:3:11 LED – red & green 5mm ‐ 03 each 1:3:11 Diode – IN4007 ‐ 02




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied IC tester. Now we will learn about Half

Adder and Full adder circuit.





Study logical diagram of half adder as well as Full adder circuits.



For half adder circuit, connect output sum(S) and carry(C) to logic level indicator (LLI).

Verify truth table for both circuits.

Truth tables:

Half adder’s truth table:

INPUT OUTPUT

A B S C

0 0 0 0

0 1 1 0

1 0 1 0

1 1 0 1

88


Full adder’s truth table:

INPUT OUTPUT

0 0 0

0 0 1

0 1 0

0 1 1

1 0 0

1 0 1

1 1 0

1 1 1






Practical ‐ 41



89



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 42 વીક નબર : 11 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct Full adder circuit & verify their truth table

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To construct & verify half adder circuit. 1:1:2 To construct & verify half adder circuit.

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tools kit with Soldering Iron – 01 1:2:2 Digital IC trainer ‐ 01

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 IC – 7400 – 02 1:3:2 IC – 7486 – 02 1:3:3 14‐pin IC socket – 04 1:3:4 General Purpose PCB 6’x4’ – 02 1:3:5 Hook up wire – as required 1:3:6 SPDT toggle switch – 05 1:3:7 Digital multimeter ‐ 01 1:3:8 IC – 7486 – 01 1:3:9 IC – 7408 – 01 1:3:10 Transistor BC‐547 – 02 1:3:11 LED – red & green 5mm ‐ 03 each 1:3:11 Diode – IN4007 ‐ 02




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied IC tester. Now we will learn about Half

Adder and Full adder circuit.





Study logical diagram of half adder as well as Full adder circuits.



For half adder circuit, connect output sum(S) and carry(C) to logic level indicator (LLI).

Verify truth table for both circuits.

Truth tables:

Half adder’s truth table:

INPUT OUTPUT

A B S C

0 0 0 0

0 1 1 0

1 0 1 0

1 1 0 1

90


Full adder’s truth table:

INPUT OUTPUT

0 0 0

0 0 1

0 1 0

0 1 1

1 0 0

1 0 1

1 1 0

1 1 1






Practical ‐ 42



91



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 43 વીક નબર : 11 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct the Adder cum Subtractor

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To construct & verify adder cum subtractor circuit.

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tools kit with Soldering Iron – 01

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 IC – 7400 – 01 1:3:2 IC – 7483 – 01 1:3:3 14‐pin IC socket – 02 1:3:4 Bread board – 01 1:3:5 Hook up wire – as required 1:3:5 LED Indicator – 01 1:3:5 Regulated power supply +5 DC/ 1 Amp‐ 25 W – 01 1:3:6 Toggle switch – 08




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied Half Adder and Full adder circuit. Now we

will learn about Adder cum Subtractor.





Study logical diagram of adder cum subtractor circuit.

Mount them on bread board after verifying from instructor.

For binary adder: o Apply 4‐bit positive numbers in input

A and B. o For addition:

A3, A2, A1, A0 + B3, B2, B1, B0 o Note output.

Subtractor: o For 4‐bit subtraction use compliment

B input (B3, B2, B1, and B0) and add ‘1’ in compliment B to find 2nd compliment.

IC‐7483 is a 4‐bit binary adder IC.

It contains TWO 4‐bit input: A3, A2, A1, A0 (Input‐A) and B3, B2, B1, B0 (Input‐B).

It contains 5‐bit output Cout, S3, S2, S1, S0 AND Cin input carry as well as output carry.

92


o For subtraction:A3, A2, A1, A0 ‐ B3, B2, B1, B0

If we use IC‐7486(quad*OR gate) for compliment than there is only one control Input Cin: 0 for addition and 1 for subtraction.

Observe output on indicator or by multimeter.




Draw and verify truth table for adder and subtractor circuit.


Practical ‐ 43


Construct and Test a Decoder & Encoder.

93



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 44 વીક નબર : 12 ફાળવલ સમય : 7:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and Test a Decoder

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To construct & test 2 to 4 decoder circuit 1:1:2 To construct & test 4 to 2 encoder circuit

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tools kit – 01

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 IC – 7408 with 14‐pin IC socket – 01 1:3:2 IC – 7404 with 14‐pin IC socket – 04 1:3:3 IC – 74147 with 16‐pin IC socket – 01 1:3:4 Bread board – 02 1:3:5 Hook up wire – as required 1:3:6 LED Indicator – as required 1:3:7 Regulated power supply +5 DC/ 1 Amp‐ 25 W – 01 1:3:8 Digital IC tester – 01 1:3:9 Carbon resistors 330 E, ½ W – 04 1:3:10 Battery Eliminator 1V to 12 V DC output type – 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied Adder cum Subtractor. Now we will learn

about Decoder & Encoder.





Study logical diagram of Decoder & Encoder circuit.

Mount them on bread board after verifying from instructor (encoder and decoder separately).

Connect Pin‐14 to +Vcc and Pin‐7 to ground for all ICs (for IC‐74147 ground pin – 6 & +Vcc to pin – 16) carefully.

Test and verify truth table for both circuits.

Truth table of 2 to 4 Decoder circuit:

A B A’B’ A’B AB’ AB

0 0 1 0 0 0

0 1 0 1 0 0

1 0 0 0 1 0

1 1 0 0 0 1

94


Truth table for Encoder circuit:

INPUTS OUTPUTS

D3 D2 D1 D0 A B

0 0 0 1 0 0

0 0 1 0 0 1

0 1 0 0 1 0

1 0 0 0 1 1

0 0 0 0 X X


Identification of ICs and make encoder as well as decoder.


Draw and verify truth table for encoder and decoder circuit.


Practical ‐ 44


Construct and Test a Multiplexer & De Multiplexer

95



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 45 વીક નબર : 12 ફાળવલ સમય : 7:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and Test a Encoder

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To construct & test 2 to 4 decoder circuit 1:1:2 To construct & test 4 to 2 encoder circuit


1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 IC – 7408 with 14‐pin IC socket – 01 1:3:2 IC – 7404 with 14‐pin IC socket – 04 1:3:3 IC – 74147 with 16‐pin IC socket – 01 1:3:4 Bread board – 02 1:3:5 Hook up wire – as required 1:3:6 LED Indicator – as required 1:3:7 Regulated power supply +5 DC/ 1 Amp‐ 25 W – 01 1:3:8 Digital IC tester – 01 1:3:9 Carbon resistors 330 E, ½ W – 04 1:3:10 Battery Eliminator 1V to 12 V DC output type – 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied Adder cum Subtractor. Now we will learn

about Decoder & Encoder.





Study logical diagram of Decoder & Encoder circuit.


Connect Pin‐14 to +Vcc and Pin‐7 to ground for all ICs (for IC‐74147 ground pin – 6 & +Vcc to pin – 16) carefully.

Test and verify truth table for both circuits.

Truth table of 2 to 4 Decoder circuit:

A B A’B’ A’B AB’ AB

0 0 1 0 0 0

0 1 0 1 0 0

1 0 0 0 1 0

1 1 0 0 0 1

96


Truth table for Encoder circuit:

INPUTS OUTPUTS

D3 D2 D1 D0 A B

0 0 0 1 0 0

0 0 1 0 0 1

0 1 0 0 1 0

1 0 0 0 1 1

0 0 0 0 X X


Identification of ICs and make encoder as well as decoder.


Draw and verify truth table for encoder and decoder circuit.


Practical ‐ 45


Construct and Test a Multiplexer & De Multiplexer

97



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 46 વીક નબર : 12 ફાળવલ સમય : 7:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and Test a Multiplexer

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To construct & test 4 to 1 multiplexer circuit 1:1:2 To construct & test 1 to 4 de‐multiplexer circuit


1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 IC – 74153 with 16‐pin IC socket – 01 1:3:2 IC – 74155 with 16‐pin IC socket – 01 1:3:3 Bread board – 02 1:3:4 Hook up wire – as required 1:3:5 LED Indicator – as required 1:3:6 Regulated power supply +5 DC/ 1 Amp‐ 25 W – 01 1:3:7 Digital IC tester – 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied Decoder & Encoder. Now we will learn

about Multiplexer & De Multiplexer.




અ .ન િનદશન દર યાન અ સરવાના િમક પદો ચાવી પ િ /ચાવી પ ા Study logical diagram of Multiplexer &

De Multiplexer circuit.


For multiplexer: o Connect IC‐74153 ground pin –

8 & +Vcc to pin – 16. o Give +4 V to S0 & S1. o Line D0, D1, D2 & D3 o When supplying +4 V signals to

S0 & S1, line D0 will enable. And Y0 terminal will give output asD0.

o Strobe G0 is a gateway of multiplexer. So, it will give ‘0’ output when giving +4 V to G0.

o Test and verify truth table.

Truth table for 4 to 1 multiplexer circuit:

INPUTS OUTPUT

STROBE SELECT Y0 G0 S1 S2

0 0 0 1D3

0 0 1 1D2

0 1 0 1D1

0 1 1 1D0

1 * * 0

98


For de‐multiplexer: o Connect IC‐74155 ground pin –

8 & +Vcc to pin – 16. o Give +4 V to S0 & S1. o Give +4 V signal to D0 as input

and 0 V to Strobe terminal. o Strobe G0 is a gateway of de‐

multiplexer. So, it will give ‘0’ output when giving +4 V to G0 and all other output lines will enables.

Test and verify truth table.

Truth table for 1 to 4 de‐multiplexer circuit:

INPUTS OUTPUTS

INPUT STROBE SELECT 1Y0

1Y1

1Y2 1Y3 D0 G0 S1 S0

0 X X X 1 1 1 1

1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1

1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1

1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1

1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0


Identification of ICs and make Multiplexer & De Multiplexer.


Draw and verify truth table for Multiplexer & De Multiplexer circuit.


Practical – 46


Identify different Flip‐Flop (ICs) by the number printed on them

99



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 47 વીક નબર : 12 ફાળવલ સમય : 7:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and Test a De Multiplexer

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To construct & test 4 to 1 multiplexer circuit 1:1:2 To construct & test 1 to 4 de‐multiplexer circuit


1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 IC – 74153 with 16‐pin IC socket – 01 1:3:2 IC – 74155 with 16‐pin IC socket – 01 1:3:3 Bread board – 02 1:3:4 Hook up wire – as required 1:3:5 LED Indicator – as required 1:3:6 Regulated power supply +5 DC/ 1 Amp‐ 25 W – 01 1:3:7 Digital IC tester – 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied Decoder & Encoder. Now we will learn

about Multiplexer & De Multiplexer.




અ .ન િનદશન દર યાન અ સરવાના િમક પદો ચાવી પ િ /ચાવી પ ા Study logical diagram of Multiplexer &

De Multiplexer circuit.


For multiplexer: o Connect IC‐74153 ground pin –

8 & +Vcc to pin – 16. o Give +4 V to S0 & S1. o Line D0, D1, D2 & D3 o When supplying +4 V signals to

S0 & S1, line D0 will enable. And Y0 terminal will give output asD0.

o Strobe G0 is a gateway of multiplexer. So, it will give ‘0’ output when giving +4 V to G0.

o Test and verify truth table.

Truth table for 4 to 1 multiplexer circuit:

INPUTS OUTPUT

STROBE SELECT Y0 G0 S1 S2

0 0 0 1D3

0 0 1 1D2

0 1 0 1D1

0 1 1 1D0

1 * * 0

100


For de‐multiplexer: o Connect IC‐74155 ground pin –

8 & +Vcc to pin – 16. o Give +4 V to S0 & S1. o Give +4 V signal to D0 as input

and 0 V to Strobe terminal. o Strobe G0 is a gateway of de‐

multiplexer. So, it will give ‘0’ output when giving +4 V to G0 and all other output lines will enables.

Test and verify truth table.

Truth table for 1 to 4 de‐multiplexer circuit:

INPUTS OUTPUTS

INPUT STROBE SELECT 1Y0

1Y1

1Y2 1Y3 D0 G0 S1 S0

0 X X X 1 1 1 1

1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1

1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1

1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1

1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0


Identification of ICs and make Multiplexer & De Multiplexer.


Draw and verify truth table for Multiplexer & De Multiplexer circuit.


Practical ‐ 47


Identify different Flip‐Flop (ICs) by the number printed on them

101



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 48 વીક નબર : 13 ફાળવલ સમય : 5:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Identify different Flip‐Flop (ICs) by the number printed on them

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To identify different flip‐flop ICs 1:1:2 To know specification of IC from data book

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tool kit 1:2:2 IC data book

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 IC‐7470, IC‐7472, IC‐7486, IC‐7478, IC‐74534, IC‐74174, IC‐74377, IC‐7472 – 01 each




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied Multiplexer & De Multiplexer. Now we will

study about flip‐ flops.



અ .ન િનદશન દર યાન અ સરવાના િમક પદો ચાવી પ િ /ચાવી પ ા o Observe given flip‐flop ICs and not the

number printed on it. o Identify pin numbers and use data

book to know the function & use of pins.

NO. IC NO. DISCRIPTION

1 IC‐7478 Dual J‐K F/F with preset

2 IC‐7472 J‐K Master Slave flip‐flop

3 IC‐7470 +Ve edge trigger J‐K flip‐flop

4 IC‐74534 Inverting Octal D‐ flip‐flop

5 IC‐74175 Quad ‘D’ flip‐flop with reset

102



To test and verify truth table for D‐latch using IC.


Enlist applications and advantages of 4 bit latch.


Practical ‐ 48

7. હવ પછ અ સરવા ાયો ગક કામ: ફાળવલો સમય : 10 િમનીટ Construct and test four bit latch using 7475

103



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 49 વીક નબર : 13 ફાળવલ સમય : 10:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and test four bit latch using 7475

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To construct & test four bit latch using 7475.

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tool kit with soldering iron – 01 1:2:2 IC data book

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 IC 7475 with IC socket – 01 1:3:2 +5V fix power supply – 01 1:3:3 Clock pulse oscillator ‐ 01 1:3:4 Digital Multimeter ‐ 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied about flip‐ flops. Now we will construct and

test four bit latch using 7475.




Find out the IC‐7475 description from data book.

Draw a truth table for simplified operation of IC‐7475 Latch.

Enabling Input (EN) and logic ‘1’ then Din (input) will transfer data.

We can vary from Din to Q‐output without any clock pulse.

i.e. EN=1, D1= 1 than Output Q1 = 1 without any clock pulse.

Pin configuration of Latch IC‐7475

104


Truth Table: Operation Mode

Input

Output

EN D Q Q

DATA ENABLE

1 0 0 1

DATA LATCH 0 X NO CHANGE


To test and verify truth table for D‐latch using IC


Enlist applications and advantages of 4 bit latch.


Practical ‐ 49


Verify the truth tables of Flip‐Flop ICs (RS, D, T, JK, MSJK) by connecting switches and LEDs

105



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 50 વીક નબર : 13 ફાળવલ સમય : 15:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Verify the truth tables of Flip‐Flop ICs (RS, D, T, JK, MSJK) by connecting switches and LEDs

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To construct & test RS flip flop using IC‐7400 1:1:2 To construct & test JK flip flop using IC‐7410 1:1:3 To construct & test D flip flop using IC‐7474 Edge triggered 1:1:4 To identify & wire Master Slave flip‐flop using IC‐7472

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tools kits 1:2:2 Digital IC trainer – 01 1:2:3 Clock Pulsar kit – 01 1:2:4 Digital IC tester – 01

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 IC – 7400 its IC socket – 04 1:3:2 IC – 7410 its IC socket – 01 1:3:3 IC – 7474 its IC socket – 01 1:3:4 IC – 7472 its IC socket – 01 1:3:5 LED – red and green 5mm ‐ as required 1:3:6 Bread board – as required 1:3:7 Hook up wire – as required 1:3:8 SPDT toggle switch – as required 1:3:9 Digital multimeter – 01 1:3:10 +5V fix power supply – 01 1:3:11 Pulse Generator – 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied about four bit latch. Now we will construct

various flip‐flops and test them.

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન: Flip‐flop is another name of Bi‐stable multi vibrator. It is simply two

conditioned device which can store more than single bit. Flip‐flop has two outputs (1) Normal value & (2) compliment value.

3. ર આત/ િનદશનના િમક પદ ફાળવલો સમય : 12 Hrs.


Note specifications and value of components according to given circuit diagram.

Test and check pins using multimeter.

Mount components properly on bread‐board.

Prepare truth tables for all flip‐flops.

106


For RS flip‐flop:

Take IC‐7400 and connect pin‐14 is connected to ground and pin‐7 to ground.

If trainer consist monopulser then give clock pulse from it to IC‐7400’s pin‐ 2 & 4; else give clock pulse using IC‐555.

Give input according to truth‐table to IC’s pin‐ 1 & 5 along with clock pulse and take readings.

Observe output on pin‐3 & pin‐ 6 and verify truth table.

For JK‐flip flop:

Take IC‐7410 for 3‐ input NAND gate.

Now, after making circuit according to diagram on bread‐board.

Now, feed Clock input with logic ‘0’; preset (Pr) = 0; Clear (Cr) = Y and note logic level of output.

With Clock input logic = 0, Pr = 1 and Cr = 0, check logic level of output ‘Q’.

Verify truth table. For D‐flip flop (Edge triggered):

Use IC‐7474; ground pin‐7 and +Vcc to pin‐14.

Set Preset terminal to logic ‘0’ or ground it and note Output state logic level Indicator (LLI) output Q = ‘1’ set.

Now interchange connection of Clear and Preset pin for output Q = 0 reset.

Verify truth table. For Master‐slave flip flop:

Take IC‐7472 & know its pin configuration from data book.

Make circuit according to diagram on bread‐board.

Give input and verify truth table.

Truth tables: For RS flip‐flop:

Sr. No.

Input S Input R Output Q

Output Q’

1 0 0 NO Change

2 0 1 1 0

3 1 0 0 1

4 1 1 For BE DOM

For JK‐flip flop:

CLK J K R S Q Q’

0 0 0 0 0 No Change

0 0 1 0 0 No Change

0 1 0 0 0 No Change

↑ 0 1 1 0 0 1

↑ 1 0 0 1 1 0

↑ 1 1 1 0 0 1

↑ 1 1 0 1 1 0

↑ 1 1 1 0 0 1

↑ 1 1 0 1 1 0

For D‐flip flop (Edge triggered):

PRESET CLEAR D CLK Qn+1

L H X X Y

H L X X 0

H H X L Qn

H H 0 ↑ 0

H H 1 ↑ 1

For Master‐slave flip flop:

Master FF: +ve edge triggered

Slave FF: ‐ve Edge triggered

PRESET CLEAR J K CLK Q Q’

0 1 X X X 1 0

1 0 X X X 0 1

0 0 X X X 1 1

1 1 1 0 0 Q0 Q0’

4. અમલીકરણ (માગદશન હઠળ તાલીમાથ ઓની િ ): ફાળવલો સમય : 60 િમનીટ Mount all circuits on bread‐boards and use LED’s and switch for set and reset input‐outputs to verify truth

tables of various flip‐flops.

5. કસોટ / તાલીમાથ ઓની વત કામગીર : ફાળવલો સમય: 30 િમનીટ Draw and verify truth tables of different flip‐flops.

6. વા યાય ( હકાય) : ફાળવલો સમય : 20 િમનીટ Practical ‐ 50

7. હવ પછ અ સરવા ાયો ગક કામ: ફાળવલો સમય : 10 િમનીટ Prepare simple digital and electronic circuits using the software.

107

ઔધો ગક તાલીમ સ થા .......................... F: TRG : 08 ડમો શન લાન


એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 51 વીક નબર : 14 ફાળવલ સમય : 12:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Prepare simple digital and electronic circuits using the software.

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To learn about software for circuit design 1:1:2 To construct a circuit (analog or digital) using software

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tools kits – 01

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Digital multimeter – 01 1:3:2 Assembled Computer P4 with latest software – 01 1:3:3 CD of Tina software




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied about various flip‐flops. Now we will learn

about circuit designing software.

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન: In this futuristic world, civil or mechanical Drawing is being drawn in

computer. Electronic drawing or circuit diagram is also can be drawn using computer. For this purpose, special software are developed.



Draw analog circuit diagram on paper sheet.

Now, prepare a digital diagram on paper.

Plug ON Computer.

Check software installed in computer and know its properties.

Now, install circuit designing software from CD if it is not avail in list of pre‐installed software.

Open software and make circuit diagram according to manual of given software.

Save prepared circuit and trace.

Show different menu bar of software Show different component available in th software How to change the value of component Show waveform

108



Step by follow the procedure from creating to tracing of the circuit.


Enlist applications and advantages of Circuit designing software.


Practical – 51


Simulate and test the prepared digital and analog circuits

109



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 52 વીક નબર : 14 ફાળવલ સમય : 12:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Simulate and test the prepared digital and analog circuits

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To learn about circuit stimulator software 1:1:2 To construct & stimulate a circuit (analog or digital) using software

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tools kits – 01

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Assembled Computer P4/ Laptop with latest configurations – 01 1:3:3 CD of Electronics Circuit Stimulation software with user licenses




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied about circuit designing software. Now we

will learn about simulation.

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન: In this futuristic world, civil or mechanical Drawing is being drawn in

computer. Electronic drawing or circuit diagram is also can be drawn using computer. For this purpose, special software are developed.



Plug ON Computer/ laptop.

Check software installed in computer and know its properties.

Now, install circuit stimulation software from CD if it is not avail in list of pre‐installed software.

Load the circuit after starting system and start stimulator.

Stimulation will be run in JAVA program.

Observe the stimulation of program in Run.

Show different menu bar of software Show different component available in th software How to change the value of component Show waveform

110



Step by follow the procedure for stimulation of circuit.


Enlist applications and advantages of stimulation software.


Practical – 52


Construct and test a four bit asynchronous binary counter using 7493

111



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 53 વીક નબર : 15 ફાળવલ સમય : 10:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and test a four bit asynchronous binary counter using 7493.

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To construct & test four bit latch using 7475.


1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Digital Multimeter ‐ 01 1:3:2 +5V fix power supply – 01 1:3:3 Clock pulse oscillator – 01 1:3:4 IC Trainer – 01 1:3:5 IC‐74L93 with 14‐pin IC socket – 01 1:3:6 Solder Wire – As required 1:3:7 Hook up wire – As required




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied about stimulation software. Now we will

construct and test a four bit asynchronous binary counter using 7493.




Find out the IC‐74L93 description from data book.

Draw a truth table for simplified operation of IC‐7493 for 4‐bit binary counter.

Make circuit according to diagram after verifying it from instructor.

Feed clock pulse as input and note outputs from D0 to D5.

Truth table of 7493, a bit binary counter

Count Output

QD QC QB QA

0 L L L L

1 L L L H

2 L L H L

3 L L H H

4 L H L L

5 L H L H

6 L H H L

7 L H H H

112


Count Output

QD QC QB QA

8 H L L L

9 H L L H

10 H L H L

11 H L H H

4. અમલીકરણ (માગદશન હઠળ તાલીમાથ ઓની િ ): ફાળવલો સમય : 60 િમનીટ To test and verify truth table of 7493, a bit binary counter using IC


Enlist applications and advantages of 7493, a bit binary counter .


Practical – 53

7. હવ પછ અ સરવા ાયો ગક કામ: ફાળવલો સમય : 10 િમનીટ Construct and test 7493 as a modulus‐12 counter.

113



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 54 વીક નબર : 15 ફાળવલ સમય : 10:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and test 7493 as a modulus‐12 counter

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To construct & test 7493 as a modulus‐12 counter.


1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Digital Multimeter ‐ 01 1:3:2 +5V fix power supply – 01 1:3:3 Clock pulse oscillator – 01 1:3:4 IC Trainer – 01 1:3:5 IC‐7493 with IC‐ socket – 01 93 with 14‐pin IC socket – 01 1:3:6 Solder Wire – As required 1:3:7 Hook up wire – As required




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied about a four bit asynchronous binary

counter using 7493. Now we will construct and test 7493 as a modulus‐12 counter.




Find out the IC‐74L93 description from data book.

Learn basics of counter and its operation.

Draw a truth table for simplified circuit for modulus‐12 counter using IC‐7493.


Feed +5 V supply and clock pulse as input and note outputs by connecting Qc and Qd leads to R (0)1 and R(0)2 respectively.

MOD‐12 Counter logic diagram

114



Test and verify truth table of modulus‐12 counter using IC‐7493


Enlist applications and advantages of modulus‐12 counter.


Practical – 54


Construct & Test a four bit Synchronous binary counter using 74163

115



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 55 વીક નબર : 15 ફાળવલ સમય : 10:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct & Test a four bit Synchronous binary counter using 74163

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To construct & test 7493 as a modulus‐12 counter.


1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Digital Multimeter ‐ 01 1:3:2 +5V fix power supply – 01 1:3:3 Clock pulse oscillator – 01 1:3:4 IC Trainer – 01 1:3:5 IC‐7493 with IC‐ socket – 01 93 with 14‐pin IC socket – 01 1:3:6 Solder Wire – As required 1:3:7 Hook up wire – As required




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied about a 7493 as a modulus‐12 counter.

Now we will construct and test four bit Synchronous binary counter using 74163.




Find out the IC‐74163 description from data book.

Study logic diagram of 4‐bit synchronous counter and its operation.

Draw a truth table for simplified circuit for 4‐bit synchronous counter using IC‐74163.


Feed +5 V supply to pin – 16, ground pin‐8 and clock pulse to pin – 15.

116


Measure output of four flip‐flops QA, QB, QC & QD.

Carry output will be on pin – 15.

Enable input P on pin – 7 and + on pin – 10 to control counter.


Test and verify truth table of four bit asynchronous binary counter.


Enlist applications and advantages of four bit asynchronous binary counter.


Practical – 55


Construct & Test synchronous decade counter

117



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 56 વીક નબર : 16 ફાળવલ સમય : 10:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct & Test synchronous decade counter

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To construct counter using IC‐74LS 190.


1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Digital Multimeter ‐ 01 1:3:2 +5V fix power supply – 01 1:3:3 Single shot pulser – 01 1:3:4 IC Trainer – 01 1:3:5 IC‐74LS190 with IC‐ socket – 01 1:3:6 Logic Probes – 01 1:3:7 Bread board 1:3:9 Carbon resistor 220 E‐ ¼ w – 04 1:3:10 SPDT switch – 02 1:3:11 Hook up wire – As required 1:3:12 LED – different colors 5mm – 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied about a four bit Synchronous binary

counter using 74163. Now we will construct and test synchronous decade counter.

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન: Counter is used in Industries for counting products as well as visitors by connecting it to particular circuits i.e. RFID circuits, Sensor circuits.



Find out the IC‐74LS190 description from data book.

Study logic diagram of synchronous decade counter and its operation.



Pin detail of IC74190

118


Feed +5 V DC supply.

Apply logic‐ 0 (control I/P D’/U’).

Apply logic – 0 on Pin D0 to D3.

Now, apply logic – 0 control on pin load.

Record output Q1, Q2, Q3 & Q0 using probes.


Test and verify truth table up‐down decade counter.


Enlist applications and advantages of decade counter.


Practical – 56

7. હવ પછ અ સરવા ાયો ગક કામ: ફાળવલો સમય : 10 િમનીટ Construct & Test synchronous decade counter

119



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 57 વીક નબર : 16 ફાળવલ સમય : 10:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct & Test synchronous decade counter

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To construct counter using IC‐74LS 190.


1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Digital Multimeter ‐ 01 1:3:2 +5V fix power supply – 01 1:3:3 Single shot pulser – 01 1:3:4 IC Trainer – 01 1:3:5 IC‐74LS190 with IC‐ socket – 01 1:3:6 Logic Probes – 01 1:3:7 Bread board 1:3:9 Carbon resistor 220 E‐ ¼ w – 04 1:3:10 SPDT switch – 02 1:3:11 Hook up wire – As required 1:3:12 LED – different colors 5mm – 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied about a four bit Synchronous binary

counter using 74163. Now we will construct and test synchronous decade counter.

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન: Counter is used in Industries for counting products as well as visitors by connecting it to particular circuits i.e. RFID circuits, Sensor circuits.



Find out the IC‐74LS190 description from data book.

Study logic diagram of synchronous decade counter and its operation.



Pin detail of IC74190

120


Feed +5 V DC supply.

Apply logic‐ 0 (control I/P D’/U’).

Apply logic – 0 on Pin D0 to D3.

Now, apply logic – 0 control on pin load.

Record output Q1, Q2, Q3 & Q0 using probes.


Test and verify truth table up‐down decade counter.


Enlist applications and advantages of decade counter.


Practical – 57

7. હવ પછ અ સરવા ાયો ગક કામ: ફાળવલો સમય : 10 િમનીટ Identify and test common anode and common cathode seven segment LED display

121



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 58 વીક નબર : 16 ફાળવલ સમય : 10:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Identify and test common anode and common cathode seven segment LED display.

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To identify common anode type 7‐segment display. 1:1:2 To identify common cathode type 7‐segment display. 1:1:1 To check 7‐segment display using multimeter. 1:1:1 To know working of 7‐segment display

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય : 1:2:1 Trainee’s tool kit with soldering iron – 01

1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Anode type7‐segment display ‐ 01 1:3:2 Cathode type 7‐segment display – 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied about a synchronous decade counter. Now

we will test & use seven segment LED display.

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન: Digital display wrist watches, Timer cum counter, etc. are available in

market and some of us use them. So, let’s learn about 7‐segment display and its functioning.



To know about anode/ cathode type of &‐segment display, find whether ‘A’ or ‘C’ is printed on the body of display.

A for Anode and C for Cathode.

Set multimeter in diode range.

Connect –ve probe to common anode terminal of display and other probe to other terminals simultaneously.

If segment will glow then display is OK.

For cathode type &‐segment, connect +ve probe to common terminal and do same procedures by connecting other probe to terminals simultaneously.

122



Test and check seven segment LED display.


Enlist applications and advantages of seven segment LED display.


Practical – 58


Construct a shift register using RS/D/JK flip flop and verify the result

123



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 59 વીક નબર : 17 ફાળવલ સમય : 10:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct a shift register using RS/D/JK flip flop and verify the result

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To know the working of JK‐flip flop 1:1:2 To construct Shift register using flip‐flop. 1:1:1 To verify results of shift register.


1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 IC‐7476 with IC socket ‐ 04 1:3:2 Hook up wire – As required 1:3:3 IC Trainer – 01 1:3:4 Logic Probes – 01 1:3:5 Digital Multimeter – 01 1:3:6 +5 V Power Supply – 01 1:3:2 IC‐7404 with socket – 01 1:3:2 SPDT switch – 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied about a seven segment LED display. Now

we will learn about shift register using RS/D/JK flip flop.





Study and know the specification of components from data book.

Mount them on bread board according to diagram after verifying it from instructor.

Give +5 V power supply.

Give logic ‘0’ to input clear(Cr) and record output logic level on QA, QB, QC & QD in observation table.

Now, give logic ‘1’ to input clear as well as on data input.

Now, supply 1 clock pulse to clock input and note the logic levels in table.

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Make shift register circuit using JK flip flop.


Enlist applications and advantages of a shift register.


Practical – 59

7. હવ પછ અ સરવા ાયો ગક કામ: ફાળવલો સમય : 10 િમનીટ Construct and test four bit SIPO register.

125



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 59 વીક નબર : 17 ફાળવલ સમય : 10:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct a shift register using RS/D/JK flip flop and verify the result

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To know the working of JK‐flip flop 1:1:2 To construct Shift register using flip‐flop. 1:1:1 To verify results of shift register.


1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 IC‐7476 with IC socket ‐ 04 1:3:2 Hook up wire – As required 1:3:3 IC Trainer – 01 1:3:4 Logic Probes – 01 1:3:5 Digital Multimeter – 01 1:3:6 +5 V Power Supply – 01 1:3:2 IC‐7404 with socket – 01 1:3:2 SPDT switch – 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied about a seven segment LED display. Now

we will learn about shift register using RS/D/JK flip flop.





Study and know the specification of components from data book.

Mount them on bread board according to diagram after verifying it from instructor.


Give logic ‘0’ to input clear(Cr) and record output logic level on QA, QB, QC & QD in observation table.

Now, give logic ‘1’ to input clear as well as on data input.

Now, supply 1 clock pulse to clock input and note the logic levels in table.

126



Make shift register circuit using JK flip flop.


Enlist applications and advantages of a shift register.


Practical – 59

7. હવ પછ અ સરવા ાયો ગક કામ: ફાળવલો સમય : 10 િમનીટ Construct and test four bit SIPO register.

127



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 60 વીક નબર : 17 ફાળવલ સમય : 10:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and test four bit SIPO register

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To know the working of SIPO & PIPO 1:1:2 To verify results of shift register.


1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 IC‐7495 with IC socket – 01 1:3:2 Hook up wire – As required 1:3:3 IC Trainer – 01 1:3:4 Solder wire 60:40 – 10 gm 1:3:5 Digital Multimeter – 01 1:3:6 +5 V Power Supply – 01 1:3:7 General Purpose PCB 6’x 4’ – 01 1:3:8 CRO 10 MHz – 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied about a shift register using RS/D/JK flip

flop. Now we will learn about four bit SIPO register & PIPO register.




Study and know the specification of IC‐7495 from data book.

Mount them on PCB according to diagram after verifying it from instructor.


Power ON supply and record output logic level on QA, QB, QC & QD in observation table.

Give logic ‘0’ to input & clock pulse to clock input.

In this Register, Data is shifted serially IN and OUT parallel.

128


Note output level on QA, QB, QC & QD.

Give logic ‘1’ to mode control and set all input levels with clock pulse.

Make observation table and verify.


Realize the function of four bit SIPO register & PIPO register.


Enlist applications and advantages of a four bit SIPO register & PIPO register.


Practical – 60


Construct and test four bit PIPO register

129



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 61 વીક નબર : 17 ફાળવલ સમય : 10:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and test four bit PIPO register

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To know the working of SIPO & PIPO 1:1:2 To verify results of shift register.

1:2 તાલીમ માટના સાધનો / સા હ ય :

1:2:1 Trainee’s tool kit with soldering iron – 01





2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied about a shift register using RS/D/JK flip flop.

Now we will learn about four bit SIPO register & PIPO register.










130










Practical – 61


Construct and test bidirectional shift register

131



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 62 વીક નબર : 17 ફાળવલ સમય : 10:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and test bidirectional shift register

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To know about 4‐bit shift register IC‐7495 1:1:2 To know construction of PIPO register 1:1:1 To verify results of shift register.







2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied about a shift register using RS/D/JK flip flop.

Now we will learn about four bit SIPO register & PIPO register.










132










Practical – 62


Testing of diff analog ICs using Analog IC tester

133



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 63 વીક નબર : 18 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Testing of diff analog ICs using Analog IC tester

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To know operation of Linear IC tester 1:1:2 To test different types of passive components to know its value 1:1:1 To test analog IC



1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Digital Multimeter – 01 1:3:2 Linear IC tester with operating manual – 01 1:3:3 Electronics components of different values – As available




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied about a bidirectional shift register. Now we

will learn about Analog IC tester.

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન: Analog IC tester or Digital IC tester will display data of given IC after inserting IC into it; and hence it is simple and easy to use, so it is popular equipment.



Study and know about Linear IC trainer and its controls.

Study operation manual of Linear IC tester.

Give main power supply with main code of IC tester.

Insert given component and select category on panel.

Wait till process will complete.

Note readings from display of tester.

Repeat same process for another ICs.

Show different IC packages Show different IC of DIP package Tell about IC Base

134



Test and find the specifications of different electronic component (analog) by Linear IC tester.


Enlist applications and advantages of a Linear IC tester.


Practical – 63


Construction and testing of Op‐Amp Inverting Amplifier circuit

135



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 64 વીક નબર : 18 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construction and testing of Op‐Amp Inverting Amplifier circuit

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To know specification of IC using data book 1:1:2 To know the behavior of inverting amplifier 1:1:1 To calculate gain



1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 CRO dual trace up to 50 MHz with BNC probe – 01 1:3:2 Function Generator – 01 1:3:3 Electronics Multimeter – 01 1:3:4 Power supply +12 V DC fix – 01 1:3:5 General Purpose PCB 6’x 4’ – 01 1:3:6 Solder Wire 60:40 – 10gm 1:3:7 IC 741 with IC socket – 01 1:3:8 Carbon resistor 1K, ¼ w 1:3:9 Carbon resistor 1 kE‐ ¼ w – 01 1:3:10 Hook up wire – as required




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied about Analog IC tester. Now we will learn

about various amplifiers i.e. Inverting Amplifier.

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન: Behavior of input waves can be changed using Operational amplifiers

like inverting, non‐inverting and summing of waves.



Know the specification of IC 741 from data book.

First draw and study the given circuit diagram and verify circuit diagram by Your Instructor.


Formula for Gain: Gain, A = 1 + Rf/Rin Where, Rf = feedback resistance Rin = Input resistance

136


Now, connect PCB’s input to power supply and check the voltage level on pin‐3 of IC (or Output voltage).

Also feed sine wave using function generator and check output in CRO.

Calculate gain using formulae.



Connection with CRO, function generator.


Enlist applications and advantages inverting amplifier.


Practical – 64


Construction and testing of Op‐Amp Non Inverting amplifier circuit

137



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 65 વીક નબર : 18 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construction and testing of Op‐Amp Non‐Inverting Amplifier circuit

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To know specification of IC using data book 1:1:2 To know the behavior of non‐inverting amplifier 1:1:1 To calculate gain



1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 CRO dual trace up to 50 MHz with BNC probe – 01 1:3:2 Function Generator – 01 1:3:3 Electronics Multimeter – 01 1:3:4 Power supply +12 V DC fix – 01 1:3:5 General Purpose PCB 6’x 4’ – 01 1:3:6 Solder Wire 60:40 – 10gm 1:3:7 IC 741 with IC socket – 01 1:3:8 Carbon resistor 1K, ¼ w 1:3:9 Carbon resistor 1 kE‐ ¼ w – 01 1:3:10 Hook up wire – as required 1:3:11 POT – 1K – 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied about Inverting Amplifier. Now we will learn

about various amplifiers i.e. Non‐Inverting Amplifier.








Formula for Gain: Gain, A = 1 + Rf/Rin x Vin Where, Rf = feedback resistance Rin = Input resistance

138


Now, connect PCB’s input to power supply and check the voltage level on pin‐3 of IC (or Output voltage) using pot.

Also feed sine wave using function generator and check output in CRO.

Calculate gain using formulae.





Enlist applications and advantages non‐inverting amplifier.


Practical – 65


Construction and testing of Op‐Amp Summing amplifier circuit.

139



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 66 વીક નબર : 19 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construction and testing of Op‐Amp summing Amplifier circuit

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To know specification of IC using data book 1:1:2 To know the behavior of inverting amplifier 1:1:1 To calculate gain



1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 CRO dual trace up to 50 MHz with BNC probe – 01 1:3:2 Function Generator – 01 1:3:3 Electronics Multimeter – 01 1:3:4 Power supply +12 V DC fix – 01 1:3:5 General Purpose PCB 6’x 4’ – 01 1:3:6 Solder Wire 60:40 – 10gm 1:3:7 IC 741 with IC socket – 01 1:3:8 Carbon resistor 1K, ¼ w 1:3:9 Carbon resistor 1 kE‐ ¼ w – 01 1:3:10 Hook up wire – as required 1:3:11 POT – 1K – 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied about Non‐Inverting Amplifier. Now we will

learn about various amplifiers i.e. Summing Amplifier.








Summing amplifier equation: ‐Vout = Rf/Rin (V1+V2+V3)

140


Now, connect PCB’s input V1, V2, V3 to power supply and check the voltage level on pin‐3 of IC (or Output voltage) whether its summing or not.

Now change polarity of inputs and study output.

Feed sine wave using function generator on input V3 and check whether ac and dc is summing or not.

Pin configuration of IC 741





Enlist applications and advantages summing amplifier.


Practical – 66


Construct and test Differentiator and Integrator

141



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 67 વીક નબર : 19 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and test Differentiator and Integrator

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To know specification of IC using data book 1:1:2 To construct differentiator and integrator 1:1:1 To observe output in CRO



1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 CRO dual trace up to 20 MHz with BNC probe – 01 1:3:2 Electronics Multimeter – 01 1:3:4 Power supply +12 V DC fix – 01 1:3:5 General Purpose PCB 6’x 4’ – 01 1:3:6 Solder Wire 60:40 – 10gm 1:3:7 IC 741 with IC socket – 02 1:3:8 Carbon resistor 470KE – 02 1:3:9 Carbon resistor 1 kE‐ ¼ w – 01 1:3:10 flexible wire – as required 1:3:11 Ceramic capacitor 0.1 µfd – 02




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied about inverting & Non‐Inverting Amplifiers.

Now we will learn about Differentiator and Integrator circuits.







Pin detail of IC 741

142


Trace circuit and give power supply.

Check & observe output in CRO.



Connection with CRO with given circuit.


Enlist applications and advantages Differentiator and Integrator.


Practical – 67


Construct and test a zero crossing detector

143



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 68 વીક નબર : 19 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and test a zero crossing detector

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To construct a zero crossing detector 1:1:1 To observe output in CRO



1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 CRO dual trace up to 20 MHz with BNC probe – 01 1:3:2 Digital Multimeter – 01 1:3:3 Power supply +12 V DC fix – 01 1:3:4 General Purpose PCB 6’x 4’ – 01 1:3:5 Solder Wire 60:40 – 10gm 1:3:6 IC 741 with IC socket – 02 1:3:7 flexible wire – as required




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied about Differentiator and Integrator circuits.

Now we will learn about a zero crossing detector.







Pin detail of IC 741

144



Connect function generator at pin‐2 and pin‐3.

+15V to pin‐7 and ‐15 to pin‐4.

Check & observe output in CRO at pin‐6.





Enlist applications and advantages zero crossing detector.


Practical – 68


Construct and test Instrumentation amplifier

145



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 69 વીક નબર : 20 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and test Instrumentation amplifier.

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To construct Instrumentation amplifier 1:1:2 To find gain of amplifier



1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Digital Multimeter – 01 1:3:2 Power supply +12 V DC fix – 01 1:3:3 Bread board – 01 1:3:4 IC 741 with IC socket – 02 1:3:5 Hook up wire – as required 1:3:6 Carbon resistor 10 KE, ¼ w – 04 1:3:7 Carbon resistor 5 KE, ¼ w – 03




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied about a zero crossing detector. Now we will

learn about Instrumentation amplifier.








146




Check output in pin‐6.





Enlist applications and advantages zero crossing detector.


Practical – 69


Construct and test a Binary weighted and R‐2R Ladder type Digital to Analog Converters.

147



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 70 વીક નબર : 20 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and test a Binary weighted and R‐2R Ladder type Digital to Analog Converters

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To construct Instrumentation amplifier 1:1:2 To find gain of amplifier



1:3 િનદશન માટ કાચો માલ અન ઉપકરણો : 1:3:1 Digital Multimeter – 01 1:3:2 Power supply +12 V DC fix – 01 1:3:3 Bread board – 01 1:3:4 IC 741 with IC socket – 01 1:3:5 Hook up wire – as required 1:3:6 Carbon resistor 1 KE,2.2 KE ½ w – 01 1:3:7 Carbon Pot 2.5 KE – 01 1:3:8 IC – DAC 0808 ‐ 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we studied about a zero crossing detector. Now we will

learn about Digital to Analog Converter.







Apply binary D6 to D7 input in terminals of IC‐0808.

Pin detail of ic 741

148




Check output between pin‐6 and GND. It will vary from 0‐5 V.

This varied output voltage will results in analog voltage signal.





Enlist applications and advantages DAC converters.


Practical – 70

7. હવ પછ અ સરવા ાયો ગક કામ: ફાળવલો સમય : 10 િમનીટ Construct and test A stable timer circuit using IC 555

149



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 71 વીક નબર : 20 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and test A stable timer circuit using IC 555

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To know the pin configuration and its functions 1:1:2 To observe output in CRO 1:1:3 To calculate output frequency



1:3:4 Resistor 1 kE/ ¼ W – 01 1:3:5 Hook‐up wire ‐ as required 1:3:6 LED – red 5mm ‐ 01 1:3:7 CRO 20 MHz Dual channel – 01 1:3:8 Pot 10 K – log – 01 1:3:9 IC 555 ‐ 01 1:3:10 8‐pin IC socket – 01 1:3:11 Capacitor‐0.01 µfd Ceramic type ‐ 01 1:3:12 Capacitor‐ 100 µfd/16V ‐ 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we learnt about digital to analog binary weighted and

R2R ladder type converter. Now we observe the responses of A stable timer circuit using IC 555.

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન: Timer circuits are very useful in real life applications i.e. in industries as

well as domestic and agricultural sectors.



Take data book of IC 55 and know the functions of all 8‐pins.

Study the given circuit diagram and note down the value of every components used in it.



Output Frequency, f= 1.44/(RA+ RB)xC

When POT RB = 0 (minimum) RA = 1 kE, C = 0.01 µfd

F = 1.44/ (1x103x2(0)x0.01 µfd) F = 144 kHz

150


Give supply to pin‐4 and 8.

Observe the output wave form on Pin‐3 in CRO.

Compare theoretical value and observed value of output frequency.

When POT RB =10 kE (maximum) RA = 1 kE, C = 0.01 µfd

F = 1.44/(1x103x2(10x10

3)x0.01µfd)

F = 6.85 kHz





Applications of A stable timer circuit.


Practical‐ 71


Construct and test mono stable timer circuit using IC 555.

151



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 72 વીક નબર : 21 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and test A stable timer circuit using IC 555

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To know the pin configuration and its functions 1:1:2 To construct a mono stable circuit 1:1:3 To observe output in CRO



1:3:4 Resistor 330E, 33 kE – 01 1:3:5 Hook‐up wire ‐ as required 1:3:6 CRO 20 MHz Dual channel – 01 1:3:7 IC 555 ‐ 01 1:3:8 8‐pin IC socket – 01 1:3:9 Capacitor‐ 0.01 µfd – 01 1:3:10 Capacitor‐ 47 µfd/50V ‐ 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we learnt about A stable timer circuit. Now we observe

the responses of mono stable timer circuit using IC 555.

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન: Timer circuits are very useful in real life applications i.e. in industries as

well as domestic and agricultural sectors.








152




Compare theoretical value and observed value of output frequency.





Applications of mono stable timer circuit.


Practical‐ 72


Construct and test VCO (V to F Converter) using IC 555

153



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 73 વીક નબર : 21 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and test VCO (V to F Converter) using IC 555

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To know the pin configuration and its functions 1:1:2 To construct a mono stable circuit 1:1:3 To observe output in CRO



1:3:4 Resistor 10kE, 1 kE – 01 each 1:3:5 14/16 Flexible wire ‐ as required 1:3:6 CRO 20 MHz Dual channel – 01 1:3:7 IC 555 ‐ 01 1:3:8 8‐pin IC socket – 01 1:3:9 Capacitor‐ 0.01 µfd – 01 1:3:10 Condensed Mic – 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we learnt about mono stable timer circuit using IC 555.

Now we observe the responses of VCO.

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન: Telephone plays very important role in transmission of information.

VCO means voltage control oscillator and it is used in Telephone line data transmissions.








154




Use mic to observe the output on pin‐5 .





Applications of VCO circuit.


Practical‐ 73


Construct and test 555 timers as pulse width modulator

155



એ સરસાઇઝ નબર : 74 વીક નબર : 21 ફાળવલ સમય : 8:00 Hrs. .ઇ. નામ : હ : Construct and test 555 timers as pulse width modulator

1. વ તયાર


1:1:1 To know internal configuration and its functions 1:1:2 To construct PWM circuit as IC 555 timer 1:1:3 To observe output in CRO



1:3:4 Resistor 10kE, 1 kE – 01 each 1:3:5 14/16 Flexible wire ‐ as required 1:3:6 CRO 20 MHz Storage type, Function generator – 01 each 1:3:7 IC 555 ‐ 01 1:3:8 8‐pin IC socket – 01 1:3:9 Capacitor‐ 10 nF – 01 1:3:10 Capacitor‐ 0.01 µfd – 01 1:3:11 Condensed Mic – 01




2:1 સમી ા (ર ) અન વા સધાન (લ ક): In last experiment, we learnt about VCO circuit. Now we observe the

responses of mono stable timer circuit using IC 555.

2:2 અભી ર ત કરવાના ા અન વા સધાન: Telephone plays very important role in transmission of information.

PWM means pulse width modulation also called as PDM: Pulse Duration Modulation








156



Observe the output wave form after connecting circuit to function generator.





Applications of PWM.


Practical‐ 74


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