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SHIVALIKS

SRIJAYA MANEM @ gurudeva.weebly.com

Cachar

Mishmi hills

What is a Dun?A valley lying between the

Lesser Himalayas and shivalik range.

A Dun in Himalayas

Dehradun

The eastern most boundary of the Himalayasis the Brahmaputra valley in Arunachal Pradesh.

Brahmaputra valley

In Arunachal Pradesh beyondthe Dihang valley, the Himalayas

take hair pin bend to the south andrun through the north eastern states.

These divisions are known as ‘purvanchal’.

Purvanchal are known as Patkai hills,The Naga hills, Manipuri hills,

Khasi and Mijo hills.

2. THE INDO - GANGETIC PLAIN

20 million years ago it wasa shallow basin.It was graduallyfilled the alluvial soil brought by

Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers.

The Indo Gangetic Plain

Three divisions in Indo-Gangetic Plains

a. The western partb. The central partc. The eastern part

a.The western partFormed by the Indus and its tributaries.Tributaries of Indus.1. The Jhelum2. The Chenab3. The Ravi4. The Beas5. The Sutlej

THE INDUS

The fertile land between the two rivers is called

'Doab'.

What is Doab?

b. THE CENTRAL PARTThe central part is known as the Ganga plain.Extends from the rivers Ghaggar to Teesta.

Spread in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, partly in Haryana, Jharkhand and Bengal.

Tributaries of Ganga:Yamuna, son, kosi, Gandak etc.SRIJAYA MANEM @ gurudeva.weebly.com

Ghaggar

Teesta

Tributaries of Ganga

c. The Eastern part

It exists mostly in the Brahmaputra valley of Assom and mainly formed by Brahmaputra river.

EASTERN PART

The Himalayan rivers deposit graveland pebble sediments in a narrow belt of 8 to 16 kmswidth found parallel to foot hills of Shivaliks. This zone

is known as Bhabar.SRIJAYA MANEM @ gurudeva.weebly.com

Bhabar

What is Terai ?The swampy and marshy

region south to Bhabaris called Terai.

3. THE PENINSULAR PLATEAU

The Indian plateau is also known as peninsular plateau.The southernmost tip of the

Plateau is Kanyakumari. SRIJAYA MANEM @ gurudeva.weebly.com

Kanya kumari

• Surrounded by the sea on three sides

• Composed of old crystalline, hard

igneous and metamorphic rocks

• Having metallic and non metallic

minerals

Old Crystalline rocks

Igneous rock

Metamorphic rocks

Metallic minerals

manganese

The peninsular plateau slightly tilted towards east.

It consists of two broad divisions namely, the Central high lands (Malwa plateau ) and the

Deccan plateau.

The rivers in the peninsular plateau are not perennial.

Malwa plateau

Deccan plateau

Narmada river

or malwa plateau

Chotanagapur plateau is richin mineral resources.

To the south of Narmadaa triangular landmass

is called the Deccan plateau.

Malwa plateau

Deccan plateau

Narmada river

Boundaries of Deccan plateau.

North - Satpura rangeSouth – Nilgiris

East – Eastern ghatsWest – Western ghats

The western Ghats

• Parallel to the west coast.

• Continuous range.

WESTERN GHATS

A place in western Ghats

Western Ghats are higher than Eastern Ghats.So that Deccan plateau west - east slope is seen.Extends for 1600 kms.

Western Ghats and Nilgiris join at Gudalur

Gudalur

Nilgiris

Western Ghats

Ooty or Udagamandalam ,The famous hill station in Nilgiris

NilgirisOoty

Dodabetta is the highest peak in Nilgiris

Nilgiris

Dodabetta

Annamalai hills

Palani hillsAnaimudiSRIJAYA MANEM @ gurudeva.weebly.com

Nilgiri hills

Anaimudi peak

Annamali hills

Palani hills

Cardamom hills

Cardomom hills

The Eastern Ghats

From Mahanadi valley to Nilgiris

They are not continuous

Average height 900 mts.

Aroya konda

Highest peak is Aroya konda near Chinthapalli1680 mts

Some of the hilly tracts in Eastern Ghats

Nallamalas

velikondas

palakondas

Seshachalam hillsSRIJAYA MANEM @ gurudeva.weebly.com

Nallamalas

VelikondasPalakondas

4.The Thar Desert

Located on the leeward side of Aravalis. Receives very low amount of rainfall (100 to 150

mm). Sandy plains. Very low vegetation. Streams appear during rainy season. Luni is the only river present in this area. Indira Gandhi canal, which is the longest canal

present in this area.SRIJAYA MANEM @ gurudeva.weebly.com

Luni river

Indira Gandhi Canal

5. The Coastal Plains1. The West Coastal Plain: It starts from Rann of Kutch and ends at Kanyakumari. It is narrower, uneven and broken by hilly terrain. It has three parts. Konkan Coast - Maharashtra and Goa. Canara Coast - Karnataka.Malabar Coast – Kerala.

coastalp

Coastal

plains

coas t a l

2. The East Coastal Plain: It stretches from Mahanadi in Odisha to Cauvery deltas in Tamil Nadu. Formed by Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery. Very fertile lands. Utkal coast – Odisha Circar coast – Andhra Pradesh Coramandal coast – Tamil Nadu

Chilka lake

Kolleru lake

Pulicot lake

6.The Islands

There are two groups of islands.

1.Andaman and Nicobar islands

BAY OF BENGAL

• They are stretched in Bay of Bengal.

• They are elevated portion of Arkan Yoma.

• Narcondam and Barren islands are volcanic origin.SRIJAYA MANEM @ gurudeva.weebly.com

• The southern most tip of India is Indira point found in

Nicobar islands.• It is submerged during the

2004 Tsunami. SRIJAYA MANEM @ gurudeva.weebly.com

Andaman and Nicobar

Narcondam

Barren

BAY OF BENGAL

Indira point

Indira point submerged during the 2004 Tsunami.

A place in Andaman

They are located in Arabian Sea.

They are of coral origin.

The total area is 32 Sq.Kms.

These islands are famous for variety of flora and fauna.

2. Lakshadweep Islands

LakshadweepSRIJAYA MANEM @ gurudeva.weebly.com

Coral Reefs

Coral islands

An island in Lakshadweep

Srijaya Manem

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