Daśarūpaka-paddhati by Kuravi Rāma by T. Venkatacharya; Kuravi RāmaReview by: Ludo RocherJournal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 89, No. 4 (Oct. - Dec., 1969), pp. 818-819Published by: American Oriental SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/596981 .

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818 Journal of the American Oriental Society, 89.4 (1969)

students of Urdu are beneficiaries of the decision to pre- pare this second printing. The book will meet the need Dr. Narang describes. The selections are representative of the literature and the clear and graceful script em- ployed will facilitate skill in reading and encourage interest in advanced literary studies in Urdu.

ERNEST BENDER UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA

An Urdu Newspaper Reader. By MUHAMMAD ABD-AL-

RAHMAN BARKER, SHAFIQUR RAHMAN AND HASAN

JAHANGIR HAMDANI. Pp. xii + 404. Montreal: McGILL UNIVERSITY PRESS. 1968. $4.75. (Paper- bound)

This, the second of four sets of Urdu teaching ma- terials planned by the Institute of Islamic Studies at McGill University and supported by a contract with the United States Office of Education, Department of Health, Education and Welfare, is an excellent mis- cellany of West Pakistani newspaper prose, written in a graceful hand, attractive to the eye and easy to compre- hend. A prerequisite for its use is a mastering of "A Course in Urdu," published in 1967. (See JAOS 88.2 (1968) 373)

Those who have been lamenting the lack need say no more. Dr. Barker and his associates have responded splendidly with the preparation of this book and the prescription, in detail, of the course of study (A "Key to An Urdu Newspaper," bound separately, accom- panies the Reader.). In the course of a conversation, when students' concern was voiced regarding the need to acquire linguistic skill in the course of fulfilling the requisites of their separate disciplines and the pressure of time, one of my colleagues said, "The answer is "will". If the student is seriously interested in acquiring com- petence in a language he can. All he needs is the "will"." Dr. Barker, et. al., have furnished the way.

ERNEST BENDER UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA

Die poetischen Figuren der Inder von Bhdmaha bis Mam- mata. Ihre Eigenart im Verhdltnis zu den Figuren reprasentativer antiker Rhetoriker. By GERO JENNER.

(Schriften des Europa-Kollegs Hamburg, Band 5.) Pp. 317. Hamburg: LUDWIG APPEL VERLAG, 1968.

The title of this volume very adequately summarizes its contents. The author is mainly concerned with the Indian figures of speech; unlike his predecessors, who were more interested in the basic characteristics of Indian poetry than in figures of speech, Jenner deliber- ately starts from the latter and deals with the former only to the extent that they are helpful for a better understanding of his primary subject. Next, the volume compares the nature of Indian figures of speech with that of their Greek and Roman counterparts. The major difference-and even this appears in the title-is that in India figures of speech were inherent to poetics,

whereas in the Mediterranean world figures of speech belonged to the field of rhetorics. Speaking about Aristotle, the author points out the fact "dass seine Rhetorik mehr Figuren enthalt als die Poetik." Finally, the title indicates a limitation in time: Bhamaha and Mammata have been taken as the exponents of the beginning and the acme, respectively, in the evolution of Indian figures of speech; the corresponding "repre- sentative rhetoricians" include the period from Aristotle to Quintilian.

Part I is mainly historical. For the history of Indian poetics the author draws heavily upon Kane. However, he disagrees with Kane on the relative priority of Bhdmaha and Dandin. Even after Jenner's discussion the problem might not be definitively solved, but he does give some good arguments in favor of Bhamaha; his conclusion is that both must have used a common source, namely: MedhAvin. In connection with the Dhvanyaloka the author distinguishes between an anonymous KEri- kakara and his commentator Anandavardhana; he shows that the dhvani theory is more closely connected with the development of the Alaiqakdrikas' figures of speech than is generally recognized. Part I also deals with the history of Greek and Roman rhetorics, and with the history of Indian figures of speech as compared with those of Greece and Rome.

Part II opens with a systematic classification of figures of speech; as far as possible they have been re- duced to formulas which facilitate comparison between East and West. Nearly 170 pages are devoted to a de- tailed survey of all Indian figures of speech, with their definitions and examples; the survey clearly indicates the development from one author to the other. A similar but shorter paragraph is reserved to Quintilian's figures of speech.

All in all a very useful reference book, thanks also to the indexes. Only three minor remarks: first, the author probably takes too much for granted, when he decides not to translate Quintilian, "weil er ein miihelos ver- standliches Latein schreibt"; second, although the Sanskritist understands Jenner's concern to simplify transliteration, he cannot consider his attempt a real success when it leads to such confusing results as "paksinah"; finally, the classicist's eye is caught by a few slips of the pen such as b&votas.

LuDo ROCHER UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA

Dasarfzpaka-paddhati by Kuravi Rama. Edited with Introduction and Notes by T. VENKATACHARYA.

Pp. 69. Madras: V. SAMBAMURTY, 1968.

This is the first edition of the Dasarfzpakapaddhati, a short treatise on dramaturgy (110 stanzas), with the help of a single manuscript in Telugu characters. The introduction (pp. 5-15) establishes the author's date: not earlier than the latter part of the 17th century. It also shows that this is not a commentary on the

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Brief Reviews of Books 819

Dasarfipa(ka), but an independent work. The edition is followed by two appendices. Appendix 1: "A difficult illustrative verse in the Dasaruipavaloka," offers an in- terpretation for an obscure Prakrit stanza quoted by Dharmika under 4.34; the interpretation is based upon Bhattanrsirlaha's Laghuffka. Appendix II deals with another passage from the Avaloka on Dasarfipa 4.34, im- mediately preceding the one discussed in the first ap- pendix. We regret that no translation of the Dasarfpaka- paddhati has been included.

LUDO ROCHER UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA

A Short History of Oriental Trade. By JOSEPH DESOMOGYI. Pp. 281. Hildesheim: GEORG OLM, 1968. DM. 35.80.

This survey, which begins with the ancient Phoeni- cians, leads the reader through many centuries of Oriental trade up to such recent events as the settlement of the Suez crisis in March 1959. All possible aspects of Oriental trade have been covered, not in detail, of course, but enough to bring out the main characteristics of each period and each people or organization involved. It is inevitable in this kind of broad outline that some errors of detail should creep in. E.g., on p. 31, we suppose that the reference is to Pliny 6.101; if so, the Roman export to India is not fifty-five sesterces, but fifty-five million. On p. 111, we should have preferred "the Kathiawar peninsula" rather than "the Gujarat peninsula." How- ever, all this will easily be corrected by the specialist, who will gain much from reading the chapters the con- tent of which he is less familiar with. The volume has a useful bibliography of general works, and an index.

LuDo ROCHER UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA

Dharauoikosa of Dharantidasa. Edited by EKANATH DATTATREYA KULKARNI. Part I. Pp. 16 + 245. (Deccan College Building Centenary and Silver Jubilee Series. 9). Poona: DECCAN COLLEGE. 1968. Rs. 15.00.

The study of the kos'as (Sanskrit lexicons) has long been neglected. In recent times the Deccan College has made it a point to draw attention to this kind of litera- ture in the margin of the new Sanskrit dictionary which is in preparation at that institution. One person es- pecially has done more than anybody else to save several minor kos'as from oblivion: Dr. E. D. Kulkarni.

The edition of the Dharattikosa is based on a single Ms. deposited in the India Office Library. To correct the mistakes of this only source, the editor had to appeal to an impressive number of quotations in various branches of Sanskrit literature; the introduction gives a list of the texts used for that purpose. The editor has also com- pared a number of passages in the Dharanikosa with parallel extracts from other kos'as, to place the text in the history of Sanskrit lexicography. An exhaustive

study of all such correspondences will be given in the- "Critical Notes" that will appear in Part II. A third Part is announced, but no information is given as to its. proposed contents.

ROSANE ROCHER NATIONAL FOUNDATION FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (BELGIUM)

Paramanandiyandmamdla of Makardndadasa. Edited by- EKNATH DATTATREYA KULKARNI. Part I. Pp. 38 + 233.

(Deccan College Building Centenary and Silver Jubile Seeries. 7). Poona: DECCAN COLLEGE. 1968. Rs. 18.

The Paramdnandiyanamamala consists of three parts:- Namamala (dealing with synonyms), Anekdrthasamgraha (dealing with homonyms), and Liingdnu8asana (dealing with words of different genders). The first two sections are edited on the basis of a single MS, belonging to the Anup Sanskrit Library, Bikaner. For the third section, the editor has been able to compare the Bikaner Ms, with the transcript of a Ms. from Jodhpur. A number of ver- nacular words in the text seem to indicate that the work belongs to RAjasthan.

In the introduction, the editor lists examples illus-- trating certain orthographic features of the Ms. Most of the types he distinguishes are actual errors. However, under number xii (p. 6) also figures the reduplication of a consonant after r; this should have been treated sepa- rately, since it is a normal feature of MSS., and in agree-- ment with Pdnini 8.4.46: aco rahdbhydrm dve. Moreover, it would have been enough to mention this feature in a general way in the introduction; the repeated notation of occurrences of that type is an unnecessary burden on the critical apparatus.

Unfortunately, the book seems to have been written and proofread in a hurry. There are too many typo-- graphical errors, sometimes quite disturbing, such as elabodhau in paragraph v (p. 5). There are also slips of the pen; e.g., danda is described as a horizontal bar (p. 4). Finally, more attention should have been paid to idio- matic and correct use of the English language.

ROSANE ROCHER NATIONAL FOUNDATION FOB SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (BELGIUM)

Praudha Manorama with Commentary Sabdaratna of Hare Diksita. Critically edited by VENKATESH LAXMAN JOSHI. Vol. I. (Deccan College Monograph Series. 31). Pp. xvi + 110 + 376. Poona: DECCAN COLLEGE. 1966.

The title of this work is slightly misleading. It is essentially an edition of the Sabdaratna; the Praudhama- norama is only an accessory, rather than the main object of the edition. This first volume covers the text up to the end of the svddisandhi, and contains a long introduc- tion and five appendices. It is composed entirely in Sanskrit, with the exception of a foreword by S. M. Katre, and a list of abbreviations.

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