~{imo amÁ¶ ¶ouma amho - मुखपृष्ठ · Øekeâemekeâ pevemekeäleer jeeÛekeâ...

~{iMo amÁ¶ ¶oUma Amho / 1

ØekeâeMekeâ

peveMekeäleer JeeÛekeâ ÛeUJeU

efheveekeâ, 244-meceLe&veiej,

Deewjbieeyeeo-431001.

otjYee<e : (0240) 2341004.

Email : [email protected]

© mejoej peeOeJe

ceg. Oees$ee, hees. heeveJe[eso,

lee. efmeuuees[, efpe. Deewjbieeyeeo-431112

cees. 98 60 51 60 38

Email : [email protected]

cegõkeâ®õeÙeCeer, Deewjbieeyeeo.

cegKehe=‰/jsKeešves

mejoej

De#ejpegUCeer

meueerue «eeefHeâkeäme,

Deewjbieeyeeo

ØeLeceeJe=òeer

23 veesJnWyej 2009

(Ûebhee<e°er)

cetuÙe ®. 80/-

peveMekeäleer

JeeÛekeâ

ÛeUJeUT M

ceePÙee Deefpeb"ŸeeÛÙee [eWiejeme...

oele ~ keâeobyejer ~ mejoej peeOeJe

Daat ~ Novel ~ Sardar Jadhav

~{iMo amÁ¶ ¶oUma Amho / 6 ~{iMo amÁ¶ ¶oUma Amho / 7


qMVZ


nÕVrMr H$maImZXmar gwê$ Pmbr Voìhm eoVrVyZ V`ma hmoUmar ~MV H$erdmnamdr mda D$hmnmoh Pmbm hmoVm. a{e`m‘Üò g‘mOdmXr Am¡Úmo{JH$sH$aUmMrH«$m§Vr Pmbr Voìhmhr VemM VèhoZo dmX{ddmX Pmbm. a{e`m‘Yrb `mdmX{ddmXmbm H$mhr doJi§ ‘hÎd Amho. a{e`m ñdV…bm ‘mŠg©dmXr XoeåhUdV hm oVm. Am{U _mŠg ©Z o ñdÀN >nU o gm § {JVb§ Amh o H $ sAm¡Úmo{JH$sH$aUmH$[aVm bmJUma§ ^m§Sdb ho H$maImÝ`m§‘Üò H$m‘ H$aUmè`mH$m‘Jmam§À`m, l{‘H$m§À`m emofUmVyZ V`ma hmoV§. eoVrMm ^§mS>db{Z{‘©VrerH$mhr g§~§Y Zmhr. eoVr hr AS>mUr, àmMrZ (Primititive) AdñWm AmhoAm{U Aem AS>mUr joÌmVyZ ^m§Sdb {Z{‘©Vr hmoD$M eH$V Zmhr. Ë`m‘wioH$m‘Jmam§À`m emofUmVyZ V`ma hmoUmar hr ~MV H$m‘JmamÀ`m hmVr R>odbrVaM ^m§S>dbemhr Am¡Úmo{JH$sH$aU Xoem§nojm A{YH$ doJmZo hmoD$ eHo$bAm{U g‘mOdmXr Am¡Úmo{JH$sH$aUhr hmoD$ eHo$b. H$m‘Jmam§À`m emofUmVyZM^m§S>db {Z{‘©Vr hmoVo Ag§ AmJ«hmZo ‘m§S>Umè`m ‘mŠg©²Zo Am{U ‘mŠg©dmÚm§Zr,H$maImZXmar C^r am{hë`m{edm` H$m‘Jma hmoV Zmhr Am{U H$maImZXmargmR>rOo ^m§S>db bmJV§ Vo H$m‘Jmam§{edm` Hw$Ry>Z AmUbo Agob `m àíZmH$So>gmo`rñH$anUo Xwb©j Ho$bo.

Va Aem `m ‘mŠg©dmXr a{e`m‘Üò Ooìhm g‘mOdmXr Am¡Úmo{JH$ H«$m§VrPmbr Voìhm ~wImarZ Am{U {à`m~o«PoÝñH$sM§ `m XmoZ AW©emókm§_Üò _moR>mdmX{ddmX coIr ñdê$nmV Pmcm. {à`m~«oPoÝñH$sM§ Ag§ åhUU§ hmoV§ H$sH$moUË`mhr Am¡Úmo{JH$sH$aUmMm nm`m hm eoVrÀ`m emofUmVM AgVmo Am{Ua{e`m‘Üò Oa Am¡Úmo{JH$ H«$m§Vr ìhm`Mr Agob Va eoVrM§ emofU hmoU§Amdí`H$M Amho; nU g‘mOdmXr Xoem‘Üò, eoVH$è`m§M§ emofU H$amd§ Ag§åhUU§ Vg§ H$R>rUM§ Amho. nU a{e`m‘Üò Ë`mdoir O‘rZXmar nÕV hmoVr.~S>çm O‘rZXmam§Zm bo{ZZZo "Hw$bH$' Agm eãX dmnabm hmoVm. VoìhmeoVrda hm Omo hëbm Pmbm Vmo eoVH$è`m§da, eoVmda H$m‘ H$aUmè`m Hw$im§daZ H$aVm `m "Hw$bH$m'da H$aÊ`mV Ambm. `m XmoKm AW©emókm§Mm OmhradmX{ddmX hmoV hmoVm; nU amÁ`H$Ë`mªZm, eoVH$è`m§Zm {nib§ nm{hOo, bwQ>b§nm{hOo Ag§ åhUU§ WmoS§>M nadS>Uma Amho? Ë`m§Zm {ZXmZ åhUVmZm,H$mJXmonÌr, Omhra g^m§VyZ eoVH$ar hm XoemM§ H$ë`mU H$aUmam Amho,eoVH$ar gwIr Va OJ gwIr AerM dmŠ`§ dmnamdr bmJVmV. ‘J àË`jAdb§{~b§ OmUma§ YmoaU doJi§ H$m AgoZm! amÁ`H$Ë`m© H$å`w{ZñQ> njmÀ`m

EH$

AÞXmË¶mcm nwaog§ ImD$ Úm,Vmo OJmcm nmoQ>â ImD$ Kmcrc

Am¡Úmo{JH$sH$aUmbm wamon‘Ü o gwédmV Pmbr Am{U Ë`mdoir B§½b§S>‘YboO‘rZXma Am{U CJdVm H$maImZXma dJ© `m§À`m {hVg§~§Ym‘Üò EH$ g§Kf©{Z‘m©U Pmbm. B§½b§S>‘Yrb m Am¡Úmo{JH$sH$aUmÀ`m AmYr {VWo VwH$So>~§XrMrMidi Pmbr hmoVr. {deofV… bmoH$arMm Y§Xm {H$’$m`Vera hmoVmo Amho Ag§{Xgë`mZ§Va {VWë`m O‘rZXmam§Zr Hw$im§H$Sy>Z AJXr {nT>çmZ²{nT>çm Ë`m§Zm{Xboë`m O{‘Zr naV KoVë`m Am{U Ë`m bm§~é§X ngaboë`m O{‘ZtZm Hw$§nUKmbyZ eoVr ì`mnmarÑï>çm, àm‘w»`mZo bmoH$arÀ`m Y§ÚmMr Mmby Ho$br.B§½b§S>‘Üò Ooìhm H$maImZXmarbm gwédmV Pmbr Voìhm, VwH$So>~§XrÀ`mMidirZ§Va àñWm{nV Pmbobm hm O‘rZXma dJ© Vgm Xoem‘Ybm à~iKQ>H$ hmoVm. B§½b§S>‘Yë`m Cƒ g^mJ¥hm§n¡H$s "hmD$g Am°’$ bm°S©>g²'da Ë`mM§à^wËd hmoV§. Ë`mMdoir, Zì`mZo CX`mg òUmè`m H$maImZXma dJm©M§ à^wËd"hmD$g Am°’$ H$m°‘Ýg²' da hmoV§. YmÝ`YwÝ` naXoemVyZ AmUU§ ñdñV nS>VAgob Va Vo AmUm`bm nadmZJr nm{hOo Ag§ H$maImZXmam§M§ åhUU§ VaAemàH$mao YmÝ` Am`mV Ho$b§ H$s g§nyU© Xoemda n[aUm‘ hmoVmo Ag§ O_rZXmam§M§åhUU§. XmoÝhr JQ> à~i Agë`m‘wio Ë`m§À`m‘Üò ‘moR>m dmX{ddmX Pmb. `mdmX{ddmX AW©emómÀ`m n[a^mfoV "YmÝ`mÀ`m Am`mVrg§~§YrMo H$m`Xo (Corn

Laws) H$aÊ`mg§~§YrMm dmX{dmX' Ago åhQ>bo OmVo. `m dmXmÀ`m {Z{‘ÎmmZo{dH$mgmÀ`m à{H«$ò‘Üò eoVrM§ ñWmZ H$m`, eoVrVb§ CËnmXZ H$g§ dmT>dVmòB©b `mg§~§Yr MMm© Pmbr.

Ë`mZ§Va OdiOdi 200 dfm©Z§Va n{hbr g‘mOdmXr H«$m§Vr Ooìhm PmbrVoìhm a{e`m‘Üò AemM àH$maMm dmX{dmX Pmbm. B§½b§S>‘Üò ^m§S>dbemhr


Ë`m§À`m dgmhVr Am{U {h§XwñWmZgmaIo Xoe åhUOo gm‘«mÁ`mMm ^mJ. `mdgmhVr Am{U gm‘«mÁ`mVë`m Xoem§Vë`m eoVH$è`m§M§ emofU H$ê$Z n{ü‘mË`Xoem§Zr Amnë`m Am¡Úmo{JH$sH$aUmMm nm`m KmVbm.

dgmhVr hiyhiy ñdV§Ì Pmë`m. A‘o[aHo$Mo ñdmV§Í``wÕ hmoD$Z Jobo hmoV§,Ë`mÀ`mZ§Va H°$ZS>mhr ñdV§Ì Pmbm; Am°ñQ´>o{b`mVhr, Vmo amUrbm ‘mZUmamXoe Agbm Var, B§½b§S>Mr A{YgÎmm am{hbr ZìhVr. Xwgè`m ‘hm`wÕmZ§Va,{hQ>ba Am{U OnmZZo H$m` Jm|Yi KmVbm Agob Vmo Agmo nU Omon`ªV gy`©Amho Vmon`ªV gm‘«mÁò hQ>m`Mr ZmhrV Aer Or H$mhr ^mdZm bmoH$m§À`m‘ZmV hmoVr Vr ZŠH$s Jobr. dgmhVr Am{U gm‘«mÁò gm§^mim`Mr AgVrbVa Ho$di àM§S> ’$m¡Om Am{U ~§XwH$s¨À`m gmhmæ`mZoM gm§^miVm òVrb Aern[apñWVr V`ma Pmbr.

Xwgè`m ‘hm`wÕmÀ`m YJr‘Yo nmoiyZ {ZKmboë`m gm‘«mÁ`dmXr Xoem§Zm honadS>Ê`mgmaI§ ZìhV§ Am{U Vo H$aÊ`mMr Ë`m§Mr V`marhr ZìhVr. åhUyZXwga§ ‘hm`wÕ g§në`mZ§Va 1945Vo 52 `m AmR> dfmª‘Üò ‘moR>çm g§»òZo Xoegm‘«mÁ`mVyZ ‘moH$io Pmbo, ñdV§Ì Pmbo. OwÝ`m dgmhVr, {h§XwñWmZgmaIoZì`mZo ñdV§Ì Pmbobo Xoe gmoS>VmZm gm‘«mÁ`dmÚm§Mr H$mhr `wŠË`m Ho$ë`m.EH$mMo XmoZ Xoe, VrZ Xoe, Mma Xoe Ago VwH$So> Ho$bo. Á`mbm AmnU AmO{Vga§ OJ åhUVmo Ë`m {Vgè`m OJmVrb Xoe amOH$s`Ñï>çm H$m hmoB©Zm 1947Z§Va ñdV§Ì hmoD$ bmJbo.

`m ñdV§Ì Pmboë`m Xoem§Zr Am{W©H$ {dH$mg H$aÊ`mH$[aVm, àJVrH$aÊ`mH$[aVm 1947 nmgyZM à`ËZ Mmby Ho$bo. Hw$Ur Amnë`mbm g‘mOdmXråhUdb§, H$mhr OUm§Zr g‘mOdmXr nÕVr Amho åhQ>b§, H$mhtZr ñdV…bmAJXr H$å`w{ZñQ> åhUdb§, H$mhr§Zr Iwë`m ~mOmanoR>À`m ì`dñWoMm nwañH$maHo$bm; nU àËòH$ XoemV H$mhr Zm H$mhr {Z`moOZmMr nÕVr C^r am{hbrAm{U Jobr 40 df} `m nÕVtZr H$m‘ Mmby Amho.

B§½b§S>‘Üò ^m§S>dbemhr Am¡Úmo{JH$sH$aUmbm gwédmV Pmbr Voìhm{dH$mgmÀ`m à{H«$ò‘Üò eoVrM§ ñWmZ H$m`, ^y{‘H$m H$m` `m{df`r àM§S>dmX{ddmX Pmbm. a{e`m‘Yrb g‘mOdmXr Am¡Úmo{JH$ H«$m§VrÀ`m gwédmVrbmnwÝhm VgmM dmX{ddmX Pmbm, g§Kf© Pmbo; nU Xwgè`m ‘hm`wÕmZ§Va ñdV§ÌPmboë`m {Vgè`m OJm‘Üò Am¡Úmo{JH$sH$aUmbm gwédmV Pmbr Voìhm VemàH$maMm dmX{ddmX {ZXmZ eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMo Am§XmobZ Mmby hmoB©n`©V Hw$R>ohr

EH$m ~¡R>H$sV ñQ>°{bZZ§ m XmoÝhr AW©emókm§Mm Vrd« {damoY Ho$bm. ~wImarZbmAQ>H$ H$aÊ`mV Ambr, {à`m~«oPoÝñH$sbm ’$mer XoÊ`mV Ambo. AW©emómMmJmT>m ì`mg§Jr Agboë`m ~wImarZbmhr Z§Va H$moQ>m©‘Üò ‘m’$sMr Amem XmIdyZË`mÀ`mH$Sy>Z H$mhrhr H$~yb H$adyZ KoD$Z hmñ`mñnX ~Zdbo Am{U Z§Va‘mê$Z Q>mH$Ê`mV Ambo. `m XmoKm§Zmhr ‘maë`mZ§Va ñQ>°{bZZo AmnbreoVH$è`m§{déÕMr AmKmS>r CKS>br. Xoem‘Üò XwîH$mi nS>Ê`mMr n[apñWVr{Z‘m©U Pmbr hmoVr, JìhmMr dgwbr ì`dpñWV hmoV ZìhVr Am{U eoVH$è`m§ZrJìhmMr {H§$_V dmT>dyZ ‘m{JVbr. ñQ>°{bZZo åhQ>b§ H$s, eoVH$è`m§Zm OaAmO JìhmÀæmm {H$_Vr dmT>dyZ {Xë`m Va CÚm ho eoVH$ar gmoÝ`mMr KS>çmi§‘mJVrb Am{U ñQ>°{bZZo aUJmSo> nmR>dyZ O‘rZXmam§Mm ~r‘moS> Ho$bm. Ë`m§À`mO{‘Zr Vmã`mV KoVë`m Am{U AmVm EH$ g‘mOdmXr à`moJ eoVr‘Üò hmoVmoAmho, Amåhr gm‘wXm{`H$ eoVr H$aUma AmhmoV, AmVm hOmamo, bmImo hoŠQ>aO{‘ZrMr bmJdS> `§ÌmÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo Hw$i§ qH$dm ‘Oya H$aUma ZmhrV;ghH$mar g§ñWm§Mo gXñ` H$aVrb Aer ‘moR>r Om{hamV H$ê$Z Amnë`m H¥$VrM§g‘W©Z Ho$b§. AmO Amnë`mbm {XgV§ Amho H$s hm eoVrVbm g‘mOdmXrà`moJ ’$gbm Amho, Vmo ~mgZmV Jw§S>miÊ`mM§ H$m‘ Mmby Amho. hm à`moJ’$gÊ`mM§ H$maU ñnï> Amho. 1930 _Üò Ooìhm ñQ>°{bZZ§ eoVrH$è`m§daaUJmSo> nmR>dbo VoìhmM ‘mŠg©dmX hm ImoQ>m Amho, ‘mŠg©dmXmMm nam^dPmbm Amho ho {gÕ Pmb§. H$m‘Jmam§À`m emofUmVyZ ^m§S>db{Z{‘©Vr hmoVZmhr. Vr hmoVo eoVH$è`mÀ`m emofUmVyZ ho {gÕ Pmë`m‘wio ‘mŠg©dmXrAW©emómbm H$mhr ñWmZ am{hb§M Zmhr. ‘mŠg©dmXmMm nam^d 1930 _ÜòMPmbm. H$mn§ Jobr, ^moH§$ am{hbr hmoVr Vr ~wOdÊ`mM§ H$m‘ AmVm 1990 _Üògwê$ Pmb§ Amho.

nm{ü‘mË` Xoem§M§ Am¡Úmo{JH$sH$aU ho Ë`m§À`m gm‘«mÁ`dmXmda AmYmabob§hmoV§. `wamon‘Ybo {M‘yQ>â Xoe, nU `m {M‘yQ>â Xoem§Vrb bmoH$g§»`mdmT>Vm dmT>Vm Ë`m§Zr OJmVbo gJio I§S> ì`mnyZ Q>mH$bo hmoVo. AmO Amnë`mbmbmoH$g§»òda ‘`m©Xm R>odÊ`mMm ehmUnUm gmJ§Umè`m `wamonr` bmoH$m§ZrXmoZeo VrZeo dfmªnydu gJi§ OJ ì`mnyZ Q>mH$b§, A‘o[aH$m nmhmdr Va Ë`mMJmoè`m bmoH$m§Zr âbobr, X{jU A‘o[aH$m nmhmdr Va Vr {Zå‘r Ë`m§Zrâbobr, Am{’«$Ho$‘Üò Ë`m§À`m ‘moR>çm dgmhVr, Am{e`mda Ë`m§M§M gm‘«mÁÀm°ñQ´>o{b`mgmaIm g~§Y I§S> Ë`m§Zr Vmã`mV KoVbobm. A‘o[aH$m, H°$ZS>m `m


Vw‘À`mer ‘bm cT>U§ ^mJ nSo>b' nU Varhr ‘. Jm§Yr§Zm Aem OdmhabmbZohê$§ZmM Amnbm amOH$s` dmagXma Zo‘md§ bmJb§ Am{U ñdmV§Í` Amë`mZ§VaA§Jmda n§Mm ZogyZ {h§XwñWmZmVrb X[aÐrZmamÙmMr ~mOy ‘m§S>Umè`m ‘.Jm§Yr§M N>moQ>çm CÚmoJY§ÚmÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo IoS>r ñd`§nyU© Pmbr nm{hOoV,XoemVrb gdm©V OmñV I§Jboë`m, bwQ>ë`m Joboë`m ‘mUgmÀ`m Ñ[ï>H$moZmVyZAm{W©H$ {Z`moOZ Pmb§ nm{hOo Ag§ ‘mZUma§ ñdmV§Í` bT>çmM§ VÎdkmZ ’o$Hy$Z{Xb§ Job§ Am{U ghm ‘{hÝ`m§À`m AmVm Jm§YrdmXmMm nam^d hmoD$Z Zohê$dmXmMmO` Pmbm. EH$m AWm©Zo, hm dmX{ddmX Pmbm, ñdmV§Í`mAmYr Pmbm; nUñdmV§Í`mZ§Va Ad¿`m ghm ‘{hÝ`m§V Zohê$ -AW©dmXmMr AZ{^{fº$ gÎmmAmbr Am{U Vr Jobr 43 df} Mmby Amho.

dmX{ddmX Pmbm Zmhr H$maU eoVH$è`m§V dmX{ddmX H$am`Mr VmH$XZìhVr; nU eoVH$è`m§{déÕ ~mOy ‘mÌ ‘m§S>br Jobr, BVHo$M Zìho Va VrAË`§V H«y$anUo, AË`§V ^`mZH$nUo ‘m§S>br Jobr. CXmhaUmW©, eoVr‘mbmMr{H§$_V Oa H$m dmT>br Va eoVH$è`m§M§ ZwH$gmZ hmoUma Amho. J«m‘rU mJmVë`mJ[a~m§M§ Va ’$maM ZwH$gmZ hmoUma Amho; Oa bmoH$m§À`m amhUr‘mZmMm XOm©dmT>dm`Mm Agob Va YmÝ` ñdñVM {‘im`bm nm{hOo Aem VèhoMr AË`§V{dnarV ^y{‘H$m ~hþVoH$ gd© OmUË`m AW©emómkm§Zr ‘m§S>br Am{U Vr‘m§S>VmZm AW©emómbm A{O~mV ‘mÝ` hmoUma ZmhrV Aem àM§S> J’$bVrË`m§Zr Ho$ë`m. EH$ CXmhaU nmhm. {H$_Vr dmT>ë`m åhUOo eoV‘Owam§M§ZwH$gmZ hmoV§ ho XmI{dÊ`mH$[aVm Ë`m§Zr {H$_VrMm H$moUVm {ZX}em§H$ ¿`mdm? Ë`m§Zr eoVH$è`mbm H$m` {H$_Vr {‘iVmV ho Zmhr bjmV KoVb§ Va whole

sale price lndex åhUOo KmD$H$ ì`mnmar Á`m {H$_VrZo {dH$VmV Ë`m {H$_VrbjmV KoVë`m Am{U ‘J {H$_Vr dmT>Ë`m H$s eoV‘OwamM§ ZwH$gmZ hmoV§ AgmË`m§Zr {ZîH$f© H$mTy>Z XmI{dbm. KmD$H$ {H$_VtMm {ZX}em§H$ Am{U eoVH$è`m§Zm{‘iUmè`m {H$_Vr `m§Mm Vgm H$mhr g§~§Y Zmhr; nU ho bjmV Z KoVmeoVH$è`m§Zm {‘iUmè`m {H$_Vr Am{U eoV‘OwarMr n[apñWVr `m XmoKm§Vrbg§~§Y OwidyZ XmI{dÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aÊ`mEodOr KmD$H$ {H$_VrMm {ZX}em§H$Am{U eoV‘Owam§Mr n[apñWVr `m§Mr VwbZm H$ê$Z eoVr‘mbmÀ`m {H$_Vr{OVŠ`m dmT>Vrb {VVH$s eoV‘OwamMr Cnmg‘ma OmñV hmoVo Ag§ {h§XwñWmVë`mAË`§V ‘mÝ`da Am§Vaamï´>r` H$sVu {‘imboë`m AW©emókm§Zr ‘m§S>b§ Amho.

Xoem‘Üò H$m` {XgV§? EH$m ~mOybm eham‘Üò C§M C§M, ‘Oë`m§À`m

Mmby Pmbm ZìhVm. eoVrMr Am{W©H$ {dH$mgmVbr ^y{‘H$m H$m`, {Z`moOZmÀ`mnÕVrZo eoVrM§ H$m` hmoUma Ago àíZhr ‘m§S>bo Jobo ZmhrV hr ‘moR>rM‘ËH$mamMr Jmoï> hmoVr. H$mhrVar dmX{ddmX ìhm`bm hdm hmoV. dmX{ddmXH$m Pmbm Zmhr?

dmX{ddmX H$m Pmbm Zmhr `mbm XmoZ-VrZ H$maU§ {XgVmV. n{hbr Jmoï>åhUOo dmX{ddmXmbm XmoZ nj bmJVmV. `m gd© gm‘«mÁ`m§‘Üò Oo O‘rZXmahmoVo Ë`m§M§ ñdV…M§M O‘rZXmarVb§ ñdmañ` g§nbob§ hmoV§. Ë`mÀ`mH$So> Org§nÎmr hmoVr Vr O{‘ZrVyZ Ambr ZìhVr, Ë`m§À`mH$S>Mr g§nÎmr hr Ë`m§À`mì`mnmar H$ma^mam‘wio H$maImZXmar H$ma^mam‘wio Ambr hmoVr. Ë`m‘wioeoVH$è`m§Mr ~mOy ‘m§S>Umar, eoVrV ñdmW© Agbobr Aer ‘mUg§ Hw$UrZìhVr. Oo Hw$Ur hmoVo Vo O‘rZXmamMr ~mOy ‘m§S>Umao hmoVo. {h§XwñWmZmVrbO‘rZXmam§Mr ^y{‘H$m Am{U eoVH$è`m§Mr ^y{‘H$m `m XmoKm§V ‘moR>m ’$aH$Amho. eoVr Am{U Am{W©H$ {dH$mg `m§Mm nañnag§~§Y H$m` `m§Mm D$hmnmohH$aÊ`mnojm ZdrZ {dH$mgm‘Üò Amnë`m hmVr H$m` nSo>b Vo nmSy>Z ¿`md§ `mÑï>rZo `m O‘rZXmam§Zr Zì`m emgZì`dñWoer hmV{‘idUr Ho$br. Hw$UmbmgmIa H$maImZm {‘imbm, Hw$Umbm ghH$mar gmogm`Q>r {‘imbr Am{U H$m`,H$m`! ho gJio O‘rZXma H$maImZXmam§Mo gmWrXma Pmbo. Ë`m‘wio eoVH$è`m§Mr~mOy ‘m§S>Uma§ Hw$Ur Cab§ Zmhr åhUyZ dmX{ddmX Pmbo ZmhrV.

Xwgar Jmoï>. dmX{ddmX H$aÊ`mMr JaOM H$m` hmoVr ? Oa H$mhr ~XbKS>dyZ AmUm`Mm Agob Va Ë`mÀ`m~Ôb dmX{ddmX hmoB©b. B§J«O gm‘«mÁ`dmÚm§Zr{h§XwñWmZÀ`m earam‘Üò aº$ emofyZ KoÊ`mH$[aVm XrS>eo df} Zù`m IwngyZMR>odë`m hmoË`m. emofUmMr `§ÌUm V`maM hmoVr Am{U ñdmV§Í` MidirdaÁ`m O‘rZXma, ì`mnmar Am{U H$maImZXmam§M§M à^wËd hmoV§ Ë`m§Zr ñdmV§Í`mZ§VahmVr gÎmm KoVbr Am{U B§J«Om§Zr Am`Vr V`ma R>odbobr `§ÌUmM Vo MmbdybmJbo. gÎmm hmVr Amë`mda Ë`m§M§ H$m‘ EdT>§M hmoV§ H$s AmVmn`ªVXwgè`mÀ`m Zmdmda eoVH$è`m§À`m emofUmM§ `§Ì Vo MmbdV hmoVo Vo AmVmñdV…À`m ZmdmImbr Vo Mmbdm`bm bmJbo. `mgmR>r dmX{ddmX H$aÊ`mMrJaO Vr H$m`? XoemÀ`m {dH$mgmV eoVrM§ Am{U IoSo>JmdmM§ ñWmZ H$mÀm{U ehamM§ ñWmZ§ H$m` `m àíZmda ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr Am{U Odmhabmb Zohê$`m§Àæmm‘Yo ’$ma àM§S> ‘VôX hmoVo. ‘. Jm§YtZr `m~Ôb Zohê$§Zm ñnï> åhQ>b§hmoVo H$s, "Odmhabmb, `m{df`r Vw‘Mr Or H$mhr ‘V§ Amho Ë`m§{déÕ


hr H$mhr Ho$di {h§XwñWmZmVbrM pñWVr Amho Ag§ Zmhr. {Vgè`mOJmVë`m gJù`mM Xoem§Mr hr pñWVr Amho. AmnU Zoh‘rÀ`m Amnë`meãXmV åhUVmo H$s Jmoam B§J«O Jobm Am{U H$mim B§J«O Ambm. hrM pñWVr{Vgè`m OJmVrb OdiOdi gJù`m Xoem§Mr Amho. ñdmV§Ì {‘imbo åhUOoàËòH$ XoemVyZ Hw$R>§ Jmoam B§J«O , Hw$R>§ Jmoam ’«|$M,Hw$R>§ Jmoam S>M, Hw$R>§ H$mimJmoam O‘©Z, Hw$R>§ ñn°{Ze `m§À`mEodOr H$mim B§J«O, Hw$R>§ H$mim ’«o$M Hw$R>§H$mim S>M, Hw$R>§ H$mim O‘©Z, Hw$R>§ H$mim ñn°{Ze Ambm Am{U Ë`m Ë`mXoem‘Üò Omo H$mhr ì`mnmar, CÚmoJY§Xm H$aUmam EH$ g‘mO gm‘«mÁ`dmXmÀ`mH$mim‘Üò gm‘«mÁ`dmÚm§ZrM C^m Ho$bm hmoVm Ë`m§À`mM hmVr gÎmm Ambr.emo{fV hm H«$m§Vr H$arV Zmhr, emofH$ H«$‘mH$ 2 hmM H«$m§Vr H$aVmo Am{U `mgJù`m gm‘«mÁ`m§‘Üò emofH$ H«$‘m§H$ 2 hm ñdmV§Í`mZ§Va hmVr gÎmm KoD$ZnwT>o Ambm. {h§XwñWmZmV ñdmV§Í`mMr Midi nwT>o ZoVmZm Jm§Yr§Zm nwT>o H$aÊ`mVAmb§. H$maU Oa H$m hr Midi H$maImZXmam§Mr, ì`mnmè`m§Mr Pmbr AgVrVa Jm§Yr§À`m ñdmV§Í`mÀ`m MidirÀ`m ‘mJo Or H$mhr H$moQ>çdYr ‘mUg§C^r am{hbr hmoVr Vr C^r am{hbr ZgVr. nyduÀ`m H$mir {H$ëë`mMo XadmOo’$moS>m`Mo Pmbo Va Ë`mÀ`mda hÎmr ZoD$Z YS>H$ ‘maV AgV Am{U hÎmrKm~am`Mm åhUyZ ‘Üò C§Q> C^m H$am`Mm Am{U hËVr Ë`mbm Q>ŠH$a ‘mam`Mm.`m ñdmV§Í`mÀ`m Midir‘Üò XadmOm ’$moS>Ê`mH$[aVm Jm§YrdmXmMm Cn`moJ’$º$ C§Q> åhUyZ H$aÊ`mV Ambm. XmXm^mB© Zm¡amoOr, amZSo> qH$dm JmoIbo ~mobVhmoVo eoVH$è`m§{df`r; nU Á`m H$mhr ‘mJÊ`m Vo H$arV Ë`m ‘mJÊ`m gJù`mehamVë`m ZdrZ ì`mnmar dJm©H$[aVm, ZdrZ H$maImZXma dJm©H$[aVm Ho$boë`m{XgyZ òVmV. ñdmV§Í`mÀ`m MidirM§ ZoV¥Ëd Oa H$mhr XmXm^mB©, amZSo>,JmoIbo `m§À`m hmVr am{hb§ AgV§ Am{U Aem Oa ‘mJÊ`m R>odë`m AgË`mVa Ë`mbm gd©gm‘mÝ` bmH$m§Mm Omo nmqR>~m {‘imbm Vmo {‘iU§ eŠ` ZìhV§.Jm§Yr§Mm ‘wIdQ>m MidirZ§ KoVbm, bmoH$m§Zm dmQ>b§ Jm§YrdmX {O§H$cm.àË`jm‘Üò Zohê$dmÚm§Zr, H$maImZXmam§Zr Jm§YrdmXmbm dmnê$Z KoVb§. {dMmaJm§YrdmXmMm XmIdbm; nU Ë`m MidirMr Iar àoaUm hr Jm§YrdmXmMrZìhVr, Vr ZdrZ H$maImZXma, ZdrZ ì`mnmardJm©MrM àoaUm hmoVr.

40 dfmªZ§Va nm{hb§ Va H$m` Pmb§? 40 dfmª‘Üò `m gJù`m Xoem‘ÜòH$mhr g‘mZ Jmoï>r AmhoV. {Z`moOZ H$am`M§ åhUOo H$m`? {Z`moOZ H$am`M§åhUOo Amnë`m XoemVbr Or gmYZg§nÎmr Agob Ë`mMm dmna OmñVrV OmñV

B‘maVr Va Xwgè`m ~mOybm, eoVr‘Üò OJUmè`m bmoH$m§À`m PmonS>çmT>mgiVmhoV. hOmamo, bmImo bmoH$m§Mr am§JÀ`m am§J eham§H$So> bmJbr Amho.Á`m Hw$UmMm VH©$ OmJm Amho Vmo gm§Jy eHo$b H$s `m XmoKm§‘Üò Á`m H$mhrXodKodrÀ`m AQ>r Amho Ë`m CKS> CKS> J«m‘rU ^mJmÀ`m {déÕ AmhoV; nU`m AW©emókm§Zr ImoQ>r AmH$So>dmar V`ma Ho$br. ‘r ‘wÔm‘ "ImoQ>r' h eãXdmnaVmo. H$maU ì`mdgm{`H$ AW©emókm§Zr Á`m MwH$m H$ê$ ZòV, Á`m MwH$mHo$ë`m~Ôb gmÜ`m nXdrÀ`m narjoÀ`m {dÚmÏ`m©bm Zmnmg H$aÊ`mV òB©bAgë`m MwH$m H$ê$Z, àË`jm‘Üò XodKodrÀ`m AQ>r `m eoVH$è`m§Zm ~mOyZoAmhoV Ago gm§JUmao {dÛÎmmàMya à~§Y `m AW©emókm§Zr AZoH$ {b{hbo.Ë`mV Ë`m§Zr `wŠË`mhr VemM àH$maÀ`m dmnaë`m. eoVH$è`m§À`m XodKodrÀ`mAQ>tMm D$hmnmoh H$aËmmZm, eoVH$ar H$moUË`m dñVy {dH$V KoVmo Ë`mMr `mXrAm{U Ë`m `mXr‘Yrb doJdoJù`m dñVy§Mo à‘mU H$m` Amho `mÀ`mer OamOar Ioi Ho$bm H$s Amnë`mbm nm{hOo Vo gmo`rñH$ma {ZîH$f© H$mT>Vm òVmV.Ë`mM~amo~a, XodKodrÀ`m AQ>r {~KS>ë`m H$m gwYmaë`m ho nmhVmZm AmYmaåhUyZ H$moUV§ df© ¿`m`M§? EImX§ df© Ag§ Agy eH$V§ H$s Ë`mdoir eoVrMrn[apñWVr ’$maM dmB©Q> hmoVo Am{U Vo Oa nm`m^yV df© Yab§ Job§ VaË`m§À`mZ§Va eoVr‘Üò gwYmaUmM Pmbr Ag§ {XgyZ òV§. g‘mOdmXr Xoem§ZrYmÝ`mÀ`m CËnmXZmZo àË`j AmH$So> H$Yr {Xbo ZmhrV. Or ^mfm Ho$br VrZoh‘r Q>ŠHo$dmarMr Ho$br. AmYr EH$ nmoV§ YmÝ` V`ma hmoV Agb§ Am{UXwgè`m dfu 4 nmoVr V`ma Pmbr Va 400 Q>ŠHo$ YmÝ`mV dmT> Pmbr; nU 4nmoË`m§Zr H$mhr Xoem§M nmoQ> ^ê$ eH$V Zmhr. Aem Q>ŠHo$dmarÀ`m IoimMmAdb§~ H$ê$Z {h§XwñWmZ‘Yë`m AW©emókm§ZrgwÕm eoVH$è`m§Zm ~Zdb§.

AmOn`©V, 1990 gmbmn`ªV AW©emókm§Mr {h§XwñWmZmV Or H$mhr A{YH¥$V’$ir Amho Vr OdiOdi `ƒ`mdV² eoVH$è`m§À`m {déÕ EH$m ~mOyZoKmofUm H$aUmar, Xwgè`m ~mOyZo eoVH$è`m§da Amamon H$aUmar Aem VèhoMràM§S> ’$ir C^r Amho. åhUOo {Vgè`m OJmV dmX{ddmX Pmbo ZmhrV H$maUeoVH$è`m§À`m ~mOyZo ~mobm`bm H$moUr Zmhr. dmX{ddmX Omo H$mhr Pmbm VmoJm§Yr - Zohê$§V hmoD$Z Jobm Am{U Jm§YrZm H$YrM ’o$Hy$Z XoÊ`mV Amb§,Zohê$dmXmZ§ {O§H$b§. Am{U Ë`mZ§Va OwZ§ gJi§ Jm§YrdmXmM§ AW©emó ’o$Hy$ZXoD$Z ehamMr ~mOy ‘m§S>Umè`m AW©emókm§Zr EH$V’$s© eoVH$è`m§À`m{déÕYmoemM Mmbdbm Amho.


nÕV hr EH$ emgZmMr O~m~Xmar Pmbr. àËòH$mbm aoeZ H$mS©> Am{U Ë`maoeZ ì`ñWo‘Üò YmÝ` nwaog§ XoVm òU§ hr EH$ emgZmMr O~m~Xmar Pmbr.Joë`m 40 dfmª‘Üò hr O~m~Xmar nwar H$aÊ`mH$[aVm doJiodoJio IoiH$aÊ`mV Ambo. 1949 _Üò a’$s Ah‘X {H$S>dmB©Zr Ag§ gm§{JVb§H$s,"`wÕmÀ`m doir Amnë`m A§Jmda nS>bob§ ho Km|JS§> H$mTy>Z Q>mH$m. ‘mPm{h§XwñWmZmVë`m eoVH$è`m§da {dœmg Amho. Oa H$m Vwåhr BW§ Iwbr ~mOmanoR>Mmby {Xbr Va aoeqZJMrhr ì`dñWm Amdí`H$ amhUma Zmhr Am{U CËnmXZhrdmT>ob,' aoeqZJ Xya H$aÊ`mV Amb§ Am{U IamoIaM H$mhr H$mi ~mOmanoR>‘Üò`wÕmÀ`m H$mir Oo H$mhr ^S>H$bobo ^md hmoVo Vo Imbr Ambo. nU gaH$maZoYmÝ`mMm gmR>m V`ma H$aÊ`mEodOr AmVm Amnbm YmÝ`mMm àíZ gwQ>bm AmVmAmnë`mbm H$maImZXmarH$So> dim`bm haH$V Zmhr Aem AmZ§Xm‘Üò Voam{hbo Am{U Ë`m§À`mZ§Va XmoZM dfmªZr nmD$g ì`dpñWV Z nS>ë`m‘wioEH$X‘ VwQ>dS>m V`ma Pmbm Am{U YmÝ`mMo ^md BVHo$ H$S>mS>bo H$s gaH$mahrKm~ê$Z Job§ Am{U XmoZ dfmªÀ`m AmV aoeqZJMr ì`dñWm nwÝhm MmbyH$aÊ`mV Ambr. EdT>§M Zmhr Va Ë`mdoir EH$ g{‘Vr gaH$maZ§ Zo‘br. Ë`mg{‘VrZ§ {e’$mag Ho$br H$s {h§XwñWmZm‘Üò YmÝ`mMr ñdV§Ì Aer Iwbr~mOmanoR> AgyM eH$V Zmhr; gd© YmÝ`m§À`m gd© ~mOmam§M§ amï´>r`rH$aUH$amd§. Ë`m g{‘VrÀ`m AhdmbmVrb `mg§~§Yr Omo H$mhr ^mJ Amho VmoAmOhr Oa H$m eoVH$è`m§Zr dmMbm Va {hXwñWmZmVbo eoVH$ar ~§S> H$ê$Z C^§amhm`bm V`ma hmoVrb. Aem VèhoMm Ahdmb gaH$mabm gd©ñdr ‘mÝ` H$aU§H$mhr eŠ` ZìhV§. ‘J Ë`m§Zr Xwgam ‘mJ© Adb§{~bm. Vmo Agm H$s naXoem‘YyZYmÝ` Am`mV H$aU§. Ë`mdoir a{e`m Am{U A‘o[aH$m `m§À`m‘Üò ‘moR>mdmX{ddmX Mmby hmoVm. ZdrZ ñdV§Ì Pmboë`m Xoem§Zm Amnmnë`m Vmã`mVKoÊ`mgmR>r XmoÝhr Xoe Ymd’$i H$aV hmoVo. {h§XwñWmZbm gJù`mV ‘moR>r JaOhmoVr Vr YmÝ`mMr Am{U a{e`m‘YyZ YmÝ` {‘im`Mr H$mhr eŠ`Vm ZìhVr.Ë`m‘wio VQ>ñWVoMr KmofUm H$aV H$aV H$m hmoB©Zm {h§XwñWmZmV A‘o[aHo$H$Sy>ZYmÝ`mMr ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda Am`mV H$amdr bmJbr. YmÝ`mÀ`m ‘moR>çm XoU½`mñdrH$mamì`m bmJë`m, PL 480 `moOZm Mmby Pmbr. nwÝhm EH$Xm YmÝ` Mm§Jbo‘w~bH$ {‘iV§ Ag§ åhQ>ë`mZ§Va AemoH$ ‘ohVm§gma»`m {dMmad§VmZrgwÕmH$m` dmŠ` dmnab§? Ë`m§Zr Ag§ åhQ>b§ H$s, "{h§XwñWmZmÀ`m ~mhoa OaAmnë`mbm BVŠ`m ñdñV XamV YmÝ` {‘iUma Agob Va eoVrH$So> AmnU

ehmUnUmZo, XoemVbr gd© bmoH$m§À`m H$ë`mUmH$[aVm H$aUo, `m§À`mEodOrAmnmnë`m Xoem‘Üò B§½b§S>, A‘o[aHo$Mr ‘m°So>ëg² V`ma H$aUo, {VW§ H$maImZoPmbo åhUOo VrM H$m` Vr gwYmaUm, eoVràYmZ ‘mZyZ AmnU Oa H$mhrH$am`bm Jobmo Va ‘J Ë`mbm AS>mUrnUm åhUm`Mm AgmM {dMma hm OdiOdi gJi`m XoemV am{hbm. gwYmaUm åhUOo eoVrÀ`m AS>mUrnUmnmgyZ XyaOmUo Am{U bdH$amV bdH$a OmUo Am{U Ë`mH$[aVm gJù`m eoVH$è`m§ZmKoD$Z Om`Mm à`ËZ Zmhr Pmbm, CbQ> Ë`mH$[aVm OwÝ`m Jmoè`m B§J«Om§Zr Á`mVèhoZo g§~§Y XoemM§ emofU Ho$b§, Ë`mM VèhoZo emofU H$ê$Z {h§XwñWmZ‘ÜòH$mio B§J«O ~Zbo Am{U Ë`m§Zr XoemÀ`m ~mH$sÀ`m ^mJmM§ emofU MmbyR>odb§.

{h§XwñWmZmÀ`m ~m~VrV XwîH$mi H$m`‘Mo nS>V Ambo AmhoV. AJXrVwH$mam‘mÀ`m H$mimnmgyZ XwîH$mi nS>bobo AmhoV. {h§XwñWmZ hm gmoÝ`mMm Yya{ZKUmam Xoe ho Ë`mM§ dU©Z ’$º$ H$mhr "~«m÷U' boIH$m§Zr Ho$bob§ Amho.gd©gm‘mÝ` boIH$m§À`m Ñï>rZ§ hm Xoe H$Yr gmoÝ`mMm hmoVm ho {XgV Zmhr.1937 _Üò B§J«Om§Zr Amnë`m gmo`rH$[aVm ~«÷Xoe (å`mZ_ma) doJim Ho$bm.~«÷XoemV hmoUma§ ^mVmM§ CËnmXZ ho gJù`m {h§XwñWmZmVë`m EHy$U~mOmanoR>oH$[aVm ‘hÎdmM§ hmoV§. hm ^mV `m`Mm Wm§~bm. ~«÷XoemVbm hm^mV {‘im`Mm Wm§~ë`mda Xwgè`m ‘hm`wÕmÀ`m H$mim‘Üò B§J«O gaH$maZoAmnë`mM Xoem‘Üò dgwbrMr Or ì`dñWm gJù`m XmoñV amï´>m§À`m g¡Ý`m§ZmYmÝ` nwa{dÊ`mH$[aVm Adb§{~br Ë`m‘wio bjmdYr ‘mUgo XwîH$mim‘Üò‘obr. ~§Jmb‘Üò ‘obr, {~hma‘Üò ‘obr. Ë`m§À`mZ§Va ñdmV§Í` Amb§.ñdmV§Í`mÀ`m doir Or H$mhr ’$miUr Pmbr Ë`m {d^mJUr‘Üò eoVrMr O‘rZnm{H$ñVmZmV Jobr Ë`m ‘mZmZo ‘mUg§ H$‘r Jobr. n{ü‘ n§Om~ hm gJù`mVOwZm ~mJm`Vr àXoe. B§J«Om§Zr n{hë`m§Xm {OWo H$mbdo AmUbo Am{U eoVrbmgwédmV Ho$cr Agm n{hbm ^mJ, gJù`mV g§nÞ. Vmo nm{H$ñVmZ‘Üò JobmAm{U Ë`m‘wio JìhmMmhr nwadR>m H$‘r nS>bm. 1937 _Üò ^mV Jobm, 47_Üò Jhÿ Jobm. 42 _Üò B§J«Om§Zr bT>mB©À`m H$mim‘Üò YmÝ`mÀ`m VwQ>dS>çmbmVm|S> XoÊ`mH$[aVm aoeqZJMr ì`dñWm n{hë`m§Xm AmUbr Am{U naXoem‘Üò{h§XwñWmZmVb§ YmÝ` Job§, Var ‘J Hw$R>o {‘iob {VWyZ Vm§~S>r Ádmar, {ndim‘H$m, H$mhr doim A‘o[aHo$VyZ ~Q>mQ>o Ag§ gJi§ AmUyZ H$mhr Zm H$mhr H$aVhr aoeqZJ nÕV Mmby R>odbr. 1947 n`ªV aoeqZJ qH$dm YmÝ` dmQ>nmMr


Ag§ H$s, Ag§Vw{cV {dH$mgm‘wioM {dH$mg hmoD$ eH$Vmo, g§Vw{bV {dH$mgAer H$mhr Jmoï>M ZgVo. åhUOo H$mhr bmoH$m§Zm Vwåhr EH$X‘ Iyn MT>dyZ{Xc§ Va Vo Amnë`m ‘mJmo‘mJ ~mH$sÀ`m bmoH$m§Zm AmoT>V ZoVmV Am{UgJù`m XoemMm {dH$mg hmoVmo.

’«|$M amÁ`H«$m§VrÀ`m AmYr AemM VèhoM§ VÎdkmZ ‘mH}$g² X g|Q>Zo ‘m§S>b§hmoV§; H$s H$mhr bmoH$ àM§S> lr‘§VrV Agbo Va ~mH$sMm Xoe hm lr‘§V hmoD$eH$Vmo. hf©‘ZZo Ag§ ‘V ‘m§S>b§ H$s eoVH$ar hm AS>mUrM AgVmo, Ë`mÀ`meoVr‘mbmbm ^md XoÊ`mMr H$mhr Amdí`H$Vm Zmhr. eoVr‘mbmbm ^md{Xë`mZ§ Vmo Amnb§ CËnmXZ dmT>dV Zmhr H$m H$‘r H$aV Zmhr. EImX§ JmT>dOg§ Ë`mÀ`mg‘moa Jyi R>odbm H$m` qH$dm qMYr R>odbr H$m` Vo gma»`mMMdrZ§ MKiV§ Vg§ H$‘r {H$_Vr Úm H$m OmñV {H$_Vr Úm, àËòH$ eoVH$arË`mÀ`mH$So> Or H$mhr eoVr Agob, Ë`mÀ`mH$So> Or H$mhr IV§ AgVrb, ‘wV§AgVrb, Am¡fY§ AgVrb, {~`mUr AgVrb Vr gmYZ§ dmnê$Z {OVH§$OmñVrV OmñV CËnmXZ H$mT>Vm òB©b {VVH§$ Vmo H$mT>VmoM. Ë`mbm H$mhr{‘imo H$m Z {‘imo Am{U Oa H$m {dH$mg KS>dyZ AmUm`Mm Agob Va AemeoVH$è`mëmm eoVr‘mbmMm ^md XoÊ`mnojm Ë`mbm AmnU O‘rZ XoD$, nmUrXoD$, {~`mUr XoD$, IV§ XoD$, Am¡fY§ XoD$ Am{U eoVr‘mbmMo ^md H$‘r R>ody.eoVr‘mbmMo ^md H$‘r R>odbo åhUOo H$maImÝ`mV H$ƒm ‘mb ñdñV {‘iob,H$maImÝ`mV H$m‘ H$aUmè`m ‘Owam§Zm OmñV ‘Owar XoÊ`mMr JaO nS>Uma ZmhrAm{U EH$m ~mOybm CËnmXZhr dmT>ob Am{U Xwgè`m ~mOybm H$maImZXmarH$aVmbmJUmao ^m§S>db ñdñV H$ƒm ‘mb Am{U ñdñV YmÝ` `m ñdê$nmV CnbãYhmoB©b. hf©‘Z hm ^maV gaH$maMm {Z`moOZmMm A{YH¥$V gëbmJma hmoVmAm{U Zohê$ H$mim‘Üò YaU§ ~m§YmdrV, Ë`mM§ nmUr CnbãY H$ê$Z Úmd§ nU’$mag§ H$mhr AmYw{ZH$ V§ÌkmZmV OmD$ Zò. H$maU AmYw{ZH$ V§ÌkmZmVOm`M§ åhUOo eoVr‘Üò ^m§S>dbmMr Jw§VdUyH$ H$aU§ Amdí`H$ Amho, ‘JghH$mar eoVr H$amdr, Aer ‘m§S>Ur Ho$br Jobr. {h§XwñWmZmVbm ^m§S>dbrì`mnmar dJ© Am{U VÏmmH${WV g‘mOdmXr VÎdkmZ `m§Mr JmR> H$er nS>br.nmhm! gJù`m qhXwñWmZÀ`m ñdmV§Í`mÀ`m Midir‘Üò g‘mOdmXmM§ ZmdHw$Ur H$mT>bob§ ZìhV§. Jm§YrOr§Zr 42 _Üò òadS>çmÀ`m Vwé§Jm‘Üò ‘mŠg©²M§nwñVH$ n{hë`m§Xm dmMb§. Ë`m§Zr ‘V {Xb§, "Oa ho nwñVH$ ‘r {b{hb§ AgV§Va OmñV Mm§Jb§ {b{hb§ AgV§.' ñdmV§Í`mÀ`m MidirÀ`m ZoË`mMr

H$mhr H$mi Xwb©j H$am`bm haH$V Zmhr Am{U Amnë`mbm Ooìhm OoìhmbmJob Voìhm Voìhm AmnU naXoemVyZ YmÝ` AmUV OmD$, {h§XwñWmZmVbreoVr gwYmam`M§ H$m` H$maU Amho Amnë`mbm?' mdê$Z VWmH${WV g‘mOdmXråhUdUmè`m ‘mUgm§MrgwÕm g§~§Y XoemVë`m {Z`moOZm~Ôb H$m` àd¥Vr hmoVrho {XgyZ òV§; nU Ë`mZ§Va a{e`m Am{U A‘o[aH$m `m§À`mVbr n[a[añWVrOer ~XbV Jobr Om°Z ’$m°ñQ>a S>½bg²Mm H$mi g§nbm Am{U dmQ>ob {VVHo$n¡go XoD$Z YmÝ`YwÝ` nwadyZ {Vgè`m OJmVë`m Xoem§Zm Amnë`m H$ømVAmUÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm am{hbr Zmhr Am{U gVV Am`mVrdaVr amhU§ ho{h§XwñWmZgma»`m Xoem§ZmgwÕm H$mhr à‘mUmda An‘mZmñnX dmQ>m`bm bmJb§Ë`mdoir `m YmoaUm‘Üò ~Xb H$aÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm V`ma Pmbr. Ama. Ho$.bú‘UM§ ì`§J{MÌ Amho. EH$ nwT>mar-JbobÇ>- pIS>H$sVyZ nmhVmo Amho-AmH$mem‘Üò Mm§Jbo T>J Ambobo AmhoV- nmD$g òVmZm {XgVmo Vmo åhUVmoH$s, "..Am‘À`m XoemV bj Kmbm`M§ H$maU Zmhr' Ag§ §Xm AmnU A‘o[aHo$bmgm§Jy eHy$ ~a§ H$m? ' Oa H$m nmD$g Ambm Zmhr Va ‘J ‘mÌ A‘o[aHo$H$So>OmD$Z eaUmJVr KoU§ Amdí`H$ Amho Aem VèhoM§ ho YmoaU MmbdU§{h§XwñWmZgma»`m Xoembm gVV H$mhr eŠ` ZìhV§.

`mV ’$aH$ Pmbm. CËnmXZ dmT>db§ nm{hOo Ag§ ~mobb§ OmV hmoV§ PL 480

À`m `m n{hë`m H$mim‘ÜògwÕm, Xoem‘Üò CËnmXZ Pmb§ Va CÎm‘ nU VoCËnmXZ H$g§ H$amd§, XoemVbr CËnmXZdmT> H$er KS>dyZ AmUmdr `mÀ`m~ÔbZohê$§M§ EH$ dmŠ` Amho. Ë`m§Zr Ag§ åhQ>b§ hmoV§ H$s, "XoemÀ`m {dH$mgmH$[aVmeoVrM§ AË`§V ‘hÎd Amho. eoVrBVŠ`m ‘hÎdmM§ joÌ Xwga§ H$moUV§hr Zmhr.eoVrdaVr gJù`m Xoe Adb§~yZ Amho. nU eoVr åhUOoM {dH$mg H$m`?Amnë`mbm {dH$mg KS>dyZ AmUm`Mm Agob Va Ë`mH$[aVm H$maImZXmarMrdmT> Amdí`H$ Amho, eoVrÀ`m {dH$mgmH$[aVmgwÕm H$maImZXmarMr dmT>Amdí`H$ Amho; nU eoVrMr dmT> hr Amnë`mbm KS>dyZ AmUbr nm{hOoAm{U Xw{‘©i ^m§S>db H$‘rVH$‘r eoVm‘Üò dmnê$Z Amnë`mbm hm {dH$mgKS>dyZ AmUbm nm{hOo.' Oo åhUm`M§ Ë`mÀ`m AJXr CbQ> gwédmV H$am`Mrhr Img Zohê$e¡br. ‘J eoVr‘Üò CËnmXZ H$g§ H$m` dmT>dyZ AmUm`M§?a{e`Z H«$m§VrÀ`m AmYr PmaMm amgnwVrZ ZmdmMm g„mJma Ë`mcm doSo>dmH$So>{gÕm§V gm§JV Ago Am{U Ë`m§Mr A§‘b~OmdUr Pma AË`§V H«y$anUo H$arVAgo. hf©‘Z hm Zohê$ gaH$maMm gëbmJma. Ë`m hf©‘ZM§ g~§Y AW©emóM


ZìhV§; nU H¥${f‘yë` Am`moJ Zo‘ë`mZ§Va eoVH$è`m§Zm CËgmh dmQ>ob Aem{H$_Vr {‘iÊ`mM§ Oo H$mhr YmoaU hmoV§ Ë`m‘Üò ‘mÌ Hw$Umbmhr Z gm§JVm,H$mhrhr KmofUm Z H$aVm hiyhiy ~Xb H$aÊ`mV Ambm. H¥${f‘yë` Am`moJmdaAÜ`j åhUyZ Hw$UmHw$Umbm Zo‘b§ Job Ë`m§Mr `mXr Oa AmnU nm{hbr VaeoVH$è`m§{dê$ÕMm H$Q> {H$Vr ^`mZH$ Amho ho bjmV òV§. n{hbo AÜ`jXmVdmbm, Xwgao AÜ`j bH$S>mdmbm, {Vgao AÜ`j Y‘©ZmamÙ, Mm¡Wo AÜ`jAemoH$ {‘Ìm Am{U gJù`m§M§ gm{hË` CnbãY Amho. Y‘©ZmamÙ Am{UAemoH$ {‘Ìm `m§Zr CKS> CKS> eoVr‘mbmbm {OVH$m OmñV ^md {‘iob{VVHo$ XoemVë`m J[a~m§Mo A{YH$ hmb hmoVrb, Aer ^y{‘H$m ‘m§S>ëmr.Zo‘H$s {ZdSy>Z {ZdSy>Z eoVH$ar{damoYr ‘mUg§ H¥${f‘yë` Am`moJmMo AÜ`úmPmë`mZ§Va eoVH$è`m§Zm {H$_VrÀ`m ~m~VrV H$m` Ý`m` {‘iUma ho CKS>Amho. EdT>§M Zìho Va H$mhr `moOZm Aem AmIÊ`mV Amë`m H$s eoVH$è`m§Zmnm{hOo Va H$mhr gmo`r- gdbVr XoD$, Ë`m§À`mH$[aVm añVo ~m§Ym`Mo AgboVa añVo ~m§Yy, ghH$mar g§ñWm Cä`m H$am`À`m Agë`m Va Ë`m Cä`m H$ê$,~±H$m Cä`m H$ê$, ~mOmanoR>m V`ma H$ê$, ZdrZ V§ÌkmZmVrb {~`mUr XoD$, Ë`mV§ÌkmZmbm bmJUmè`m gJù`m dñVy XoD$, à{ejU XoD$, à{ejU `moOZmH$mTy>. åhUOo nm`m^yV ~m§YUr (lnfrastructure)Am{U V§ÌkmZ Amåhr Vwåhmbm{H$Vr hd§ {VVH§$ XoD$. H$m XoD$? Va hf©‘ZZo Ag§ åhQ>b§ Amho H$s eoVH$arhm {OVH$m Ë`mbm ì`dñWm qH$dm V§ÌkmZ {‘iob {VVH§$ CËnmXZ H$mT>Vmo,Ë`mbm {H$_V XoÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm Zmhr. {H§$_V Z XoVmgwÕm Vmo CËnmXZdmT>dVmo qH$~hþZm Ë`mM§ CËnmXZ Am{U Ë`mÀ`m {H$_Vr `m§Mm H$mhr g§~§YZmhr.

`m gJù`m dmXm‘Yo VrZ KQ>H$ ñnï> {XgVmV. eoVrÀ`m {dH$mgmH$[aVmH$m` H$m` Amd`íH$ Amho? EH$ Va ì`dñWm Agbr nm{hOo- eoVr ZwgË`mO{‘ZrV hmoV Zmhr. eoVrgmR>r bmJUmam ‘mb. eoVrnmgyZ V`ma hmoUmam ‘mbAmbm nm{hOo, Jobm nm{hOo, añVo Agbo nm{hOoV. aoëdo Agbr nm{hOo,~mOmanoR> Agbr nm{hOo, nVnwadR>çmMr ì`dñWm Agbr nm{hOo. hr gJirì`dñWm bmJVoM. Ë`mÀ`m~amo~a EH$ V§ÌkmZhr bmJV§. OwÝ`m JmdR>r nÕVrZ§H$mhr ’$ma CËnmXZ dmTy> eH$V Zmhr; nU ì`dñWm Am{U V§ÌkmZ `mÀ`m~amo~aeoVH$è`mbm CËgmh dmQ>ob Aer Oa {H§$_V {‘imbr Zmhr Va CËnmXZ dmT>V§qH$dm Zmhr? hf©‘Z Am{U ~mH$sMo Oo H$mhr AW©emók AmhoV Ë`m§À`m ‘Vo

‘mŠg©dmX{df`r qH$dm g‘mOdmXm{df`rMr hr ^y{‘H$m.Jm§YrdmX Q>mHy$Z {Xë`mZ§Va ‘J {h§XwñWmZmVë`m H$maImZXmam§Zm g‘mOdmXr

ho Iao XmoñV Pmbo. g‘mOdmXr Am{U ^m§S>dbXma `m§Mr hr XmoñVr. Zmdg‘mOdmXmM§ ¿`m`M§ Am{U H$m‘§ Or H$am`Mr Vr H$maImZXmam§Mr H$am`MrAm{U da AemoH$ ‘ohVm§gmaIo n¡embm nmgar g‘mOdmXr, Á`m§Zm g‘mOdmXmMrH$ënZm Zmhr Aer ‘mUg§ Ë`m§À`m ~mOybm C^§ ahm`bm n{hë`mnmgyZ V`maPmbr. åhUOo Zohê$§Mm à`ËZ nmUr nwadm, O‘rZ bmJdS>rImbr AmUm Am{UYmÝ` {nH$dm `mM H$mim‘Üò XoemM§ ’$ma ‘moR>§ ZwH$gmZ Pmb§. Á`m O{‘ZrHw$aUmImbr hmoË`m, Á`m O{‘Zr O§JbmImbr hmoË`m {VW§ A{YH$ O‘rZbmJdS>rImbr AmUÊ`mMm à`ËZ Pmbm. H$maU ZdrZ V§ÌkmZ dmnaÊ`mMrH$mhr eŠ`Vm Zgë`m‘wio A{YH$ O‘rZ {VVH§$ A{YH$ nrH$ ho g‘rH$aU.

1965 Vo 67 `m H$mim‘Üò bmb~hmXya emór n§VàYmZ Pmbo Am{U 18‘{hÝ`m§‘Üò n{hë`m§Xm eoVrjoÌm{df`r YmoaU V`ma hmoD$ bmJb§. Ë`mM§ lo`bmb~hmXya emór§Zm Vo eoVH$ar KamVbo hmoVo, eoVH$è`m§À`m àíZmMr WmoS>rOmUrd hmoVr åhUyZ Ë`mbm Úmd§, H$m nm{H$ñVmZer Ë`mM H$mim‘Üò OrbT>mB© Pmbr Am{U YmÝ`YwÝ`mMm Omo àíZ V`ma Pmbm Ë`mbm Úmd§? ‘bmdmQ>V§, ‘mUg§ YmoaU R>adV ZmhrV. 1965 _Üò nm{H$ñVmZer bT>mB© Pmë`mZ§VaA‘o[aHo$Zo qhXwñWmZda ’$ma ‘moR>m X~md AmUbm Am{U Ë`m X~mdmMm gJù`mVOmñV n[aUm‘ H$emda Pmbm Agob Va Vmo {h§XwñWmZmVë`m YmÝ`ì`dñWoda.Ë`mdoir emórOrZr "O` OdmZ O` {H$gmZ' hr KmofUm Ho$br. EdT>§M ZìhoVa Amnbm AÞYmÝ`mMm nwadR>m H$‘r Agë`m‘wio amÌrM§ OodU KoD$$ Zò,EH$ OodU gmoSy>Z Úmd§ BVH$s ^y{‘H$m Ë`m§Zm ¿`mdr bmJbr. Ë`m§À`m bjmVAmb§ H$s `mÀ`mnwT>o H$Yr nm{H$ñVmZer {ZUm©`H$ bT>mB© H$am`Mm àg§JAmbm Va {h§XwñWmZbm AÞYmÝ`mÀ`m ~m~VrV ñdmdb§~r AgÊ`mIoarOnm{H$ñVmZer bT>Vm òUo eŠ` Zmhr. H$Xm{MV² Ë`m Om{UdoVyZ hm ZdrZ ~XbKSy>Z Ambm Agmdm; nU n{hë`m§Xm ZdrZ V§ÌkmZ, g§H$[aV {~`mU§, dmU§,ZdrZ Am¡fY§, ZdrZ IV§ Am{U Ë`mÀ`m~amo~a eoVH$è`mbm CËgmh dmQ>obAem VèhoMr {H$_Vr XoÊ`mH$[aVm H¥${f‘yë` Am`moJmMr ñWmnZm Pmbr. `mgJù`m Jmoï>r `m 18 ‘{hÝ`m§V KS>ë`m.

bmb~hmXya Jobo Am{U Ë`m§À`mZ§Va B§{Xam Jm§Yr Amë`m. B§{Xam Jm§Yr§ZrZdrZ AmYw{ZH$ V§ÌkmZmMr H$mhr nrN>ohmQ> Ho$br Zmhr H$maU Vo eŠ`hr


dmT>dob Ag§ åhUV amhm`M§. nU `m à`moJmMm 40 dfmª‘Üò nam^d PmbmAmho.

gJù`m OJmbm Oa nwaog§ ImD$ Kmbm`M§ Agob Va H$m` H$amd§?{dH$mgmMm àíZ, Am¡Úmo{JH$sH$aU, ^m§S>db dJ¡ao gmoSy>Z Úm; nU gJù`mOJmbm ImD$ KmbÊ`mBVH§$ nwaog§ YmÝ` V`ma ìhm`M§ Agob Va Ë`mV ‘moR>rAS>MU H$m`? Ë`mV ‘moR>r AS>MU Aer Amho H$s gmoÝ`mMr A§S>r KmbUmarH$mo§~S>r H$mnyZ ImÊ`mMm à`ËZ Mmbbm Amho. Vmo Wm§~bm nm{hOo. {VÀ`mnmoQ>mV Iyn A§S>r AmhoV Ag§ åhUyZ Vr H$mnyZ ImëbrV Va Vr A§S>rhr{‘im`Mr ZmhrV Am{U H$mhrM {‘im`M§ Zmhr. m A§S>r KmbUmè`m H$mo§~S>rbmOa ImD$ KmbÊ`mMr Vwåhr ì`dñWm Ho$br, Omo AÞYmÝ` {nH$dVmo Ë`mbmCnmer amhmdo bmJUma Zmhr Aer Oa ì`dñWm Agbr Va Vmo CËgmhmZoA{YH$ {nH$dob. A{YH$ {nH$dë`m§Za Amnë`m hmVr H$mhr ~MV amhVo Ag§åhQ>ë`mZ§Va Vmo ñdV… ì`dñWmhr dmT>dob, g§emoYZhr H$aob, Zì`mZì`mnÕVrhr Adb§~ob, Zd§Ýmd§ V§ÌkmZhr emoYyZ H$mT>ob. OJ Cnmer amhmV§ Amho`mM§ à‘wI H$maU AmnU AÞXmË`mbm Cnmer R>odVmo AmhmoV, AÞXmË`mbmOa Cnmer R>odb§ Zmhr Va OJmbm ImD$ H$g§ Kmbmd§ hm àíZ H$mhr ’$magmamhUma Zmhr.

(OyZÀ`m eodQ>À`m AmR>dS>çmV n°[ag òWo OJmVrb »`mVZm‘ AW©emókAm{U {Z`moOZH$mam§Mr OJmnwT>o Cä`m R>mH$boë`m AÞYmÝ` VwQ>dS>çmÀ`mg‘ñòVyZ ‘mJ© H$mT>Ê`mda {dMma H$aÊ`mgmR>r EH$ n[afX Pmbr. eoVH$arg§KQ>ZoMo ZoVo lr. eaX Omoer `m§Zm `m n[afXoV Amnbo {dMma ‘m§S>Ê`mgmR>r~mobmdbo hmoVo. na§Vw EoZdir {XëbrVrb H$m‘H$mOm‘wio Ë`m§Zm OmVm òUmaZmhr Ago bjmV Amë`mZo ""How to feed the world?'' `m g‘ñòdaVmoS>Jm H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r âboë`m `m n[afXoV Amnbo {dMma ""Feed the

feeder to feed the world’’ `m {Z~§YmÛmao nmR>{db. `m {Z~§YmMm Ame`lr. eaX Omoer m§Zr H¥$fr AW© à~mo{YZrVrb {e{~amWuZm g‘OmdyZ gm§{JVbm.Ë`mda AmYmarV hm coI.)

(eoVH$ar g§KQ>H$, 6 Owc¡ 1990)

O‘rZ{~‘rZ Úm, ì`dñWm Úm, V§ÌkmZ Úm åhUOo eoVH$ar JmT>dmgmaI§{nH$dVmo`. `mbm n{hbm {damoY {dMmamÀ`m nmVirda eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZoH$obm. eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo ì`dñWm qH$dm V§ÌkmZ `m§M§ ‘hÎd ‘mZb§ Zmhr; nUì`dñWm Am{U V§ÌkmZ {dH$Umar ‘§S>ir ~mOmamV nwîH$mi hmoVr. ì`dñWm,V§ÌkmZ Am{U {H$_Vr `m§À`mVbr {ZdS> H$am`Mr Pmbr Va H$emMr {ZdS>H$am`Mr? Ia§ Va hm àíZ ‘yIm©gmaIm Amho; nU ì`dñWm, V§ÌkmZ Am{U{H$_Vr `m§À`mn¡H$s Hw$Umbm dmMdm`M§ Agm Oa àíZ Ambm Va Ë`m§À`mn¡H$s{H$_Vr dmMdU§ hoM ‘hÎdmM§ Amho. Vwåhr \$º$ ì`dñWm Am{U V§ÌkmZ {XbrVa Vr ^mH$S> amhVrb. JmoXm‘§ ~m§YyZ {Xbr, ^mH$S> am{hbrb. nU Oa H$meoVH$è`mbm CËgmh dmQ>ob Aem VèhoÀ`m {H$_Vr {‘imë`m Va Vmo CËnmXZdmT>dob, EdT>§M Zìho Va CËnmXZ dmT>{dÊ`mH$[aVm Or H$mhr ì`dñWm, OoH$mhr V§ÌkmZ Amdí`H$ Amho VogwÕm ñdV… V`ma H$ê$Z KoB©b. Ë`mÀ`mH$[aVm~mhoê$Z Hw$UrVar ì`dñWm Am{U V§ÌkmZ XoÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm Zmhr.

‘J hm Omo OJmnwT>Mm AÞYmÝ`mMm àíZ Amho Vmo H$gm H$m` gmoS>dm`Mm?40 df} {Vgè`m OJmVë`m Xoem§‘Üò AÞYmÝ`mMm Am{U {dH$mgmMm àíZg‘moa Amho. gd© Xoem§Zr ì`dñWm dmT>{dÊ`mM§ à`ËZ Ho$bo, V§ÌkmZ dmT>dÊ`mMoà`ËZ Ho$bo, ì`dñWm Am{U V§ÌkmZ dmT>db§ ho EH$m Ñï>rZ§ gmo`rM§. ì`dñWmAm{U V§ÌkmZ dmT>db§ åhUOo eoVH$ar CËnmXZ dmT>dVmo. Ë`mM~amo~a ì`dñWmAm{U V§ÌkmZ dmT>dVmZm Omo H$mhr n¡emMm IM© hmoVmo Ë`mMm gJù`mV OmñV’$m`Xm hm ‘wir nwÝhm H$maImZXma Am{U ehamVrb bmoH$ Am{U Ë`m§À`mZmVodmB©H$m§Zm g§~§{YVm§ZmM hmoVmo. nmUr Amåhr eoVH$è`mbm XoVmo åhUm`M§nU H$m±Q´>°ŠQ> qhXwñWmZ H$ÝñQ´>ŠeZbm. Ë`m‘wio Ë`mÀ`m‘Ybm àË`j gJù`mV‘moR>m ’$m`Xm hm "B§{S>`m'Vë`mM bmoH$m§Zm hmoVmo. IV§, Am¡fY§ AmåhrVwåhmbm nwadVmo nU ONGC ‘Üò H$m‘ H$aUmar ‘mUg§ H$mhr eoVH$ar ZmhrV.‘moR>çm à‘mUmda Or Jw§VdUyH$ hmoVo, añË`mMr åhUm, ~m§YH$m‘mMr åhUmqH$dm ~±H$m Á`m V`ma hmoVmV, ~mOmaì`dñWm Or V`ma hmoVo Ë`m gJù`mì`dñWo‘Üò eodQ>r àË`jmV gJù`mV OmñV ’$m`Xm Hw$Umbm hmoV Agob VaVmo {~JaeoVH$ar g‘mOmbmM hmoVmo. Ë`m‘wio, eoVH$ar dJm©M§ Zmd ¿`m`M§,eoVH$è`mM§ H$ë`mU H$aVmo åhUm`M§ Am{U àË`jmV H$m`©H«$‘ Ago hmVr¿`m`Mo H$s Á`mMm ’$m`Xm àË`j eoVH$è`mEodOr {~JaeoVH$ar g‘mOmbmM{‘iob Am{U eoVH$è`mbm ì`dñWm Am{U V§ÌkmZ {Xb§ åhUOo Vmo CËnmXZ


dfm©nydu eoVH$è`mbm gyQ> ZH$mo, g~{gS>r ZH$mo, ^rH$ ZH$mo, bmMmar ZH$mo’$º$ Ë`mÀ`m Km‘mMo Xm‘ nm{hOo Agm eoVr‘mbmÀ`m ^mdmMm àíZ eoVH$arg§KQ>ZoZo ‘m§S>bm. Ë`mdoir gJio nwT>mar, gJio ZoVo, gJio AW©emñÌrHw$Moï>m H$aV hmoVo, hgV hmoVo. "eoVr‘mbmÀ`m ^mdmMm EH$H$b‘r H$m`©H«$‘'hmMoï>oMm {df` Pmbm hmoVm. "ho d¡Ú~wdm àËòH$ amoJmda Owbm~mMo Am¡fY XoD$Zam{hboV'' Aer `m {dMmamMr AdhobZmhr Pmbr. AmO Xhm dfmªZ§Va `m{dMmambm amO‘mÝ`Vm {‘imbr, EdT>§M Zìho, {dÛÝ‘mÝ`Vm {‘imbr EdT>§MZìho Va gd© Xoeâ eoVH$ar‘mÝ`Vm {‘imbr. gd©gm‘mÝ` bmoH$m§Mr `m{dMmambm ‘mÝ`Vm {‘imbr. EImÚm eoVH$è`mbm Hw$Ur nwT>mar ôQ>bm Am{UåhUmbm H$s VwÂ`m ‘wbmbm ‘r ZmoooooH$ar bmdyZ XoVmo Va Vmo eoVH$ar AOyZhrË`m nwT>mè`mÀ`m ‘mJo Ymdob, Zmhr Ag§ Zmhr; nU eoVH$è`mÀ`m ‘Zm‘ÜòHw$R>§Var EH$ ‘moR>m ~Xb KSy>Z Ambm Amho. AmO nwT>mè`mÀ`m ‘mJo YmdVmZmË`mÀ`m ‘ZmV òV amhrb H$s ho ~mH$sM§ H$mhr Ia§ Zmhr; Omon`ªV AmnbreoVr VmoQ>çmMr Amho Vmon`ªV H$mhr O‘m`M§ Zmhr; eoVr ’$m`ÚmMr Pmbr VaH$moUVmhr àíZ CaUma Zmhr. hm ’$aH$ H$emZo nS>bm?

Xhm dfmª‘Üò XoeâMm åhUm qH$dm ‘hmamï´>âMm åhUm, EH$ ‘moR>mà{ejUdJ© eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo Mmb{dbm. Am§XmobZ§ Or Pmbr Ë`m Am§XmobZm§MmhoVy hmM hmoVm. dJm©V ~gyZ ZwgV§ {eH$db§ Va `m H$mZmVZ§ òD$Z Ë`mH$mZmVZ§ {ZKyZ OmV§. nU Ë`m~amo~aM H$mhr àmË`{jH$ Agb§, à`moJ AgbmåhUOo Vmo YS>m ZrQ> R>gVmo. Mm§H$UÀ`m H$m§ÚmÀ`m Am§XmobZmZo eoVH$è`m§darbAÝ`m`mM§ EH$ CXmhaU eoVH$è`m§À`m g‘moa Amb§. Ë`m Am§XmobZmMm H$mhrEH$n[aUm‘ Pmbm. H$nmerÀ`m, eodQ>À`m Am§XmobZmÀ`m {Z{‘ÎmmZo R>ab§ H$sJoë`m dfuMr {‘iV Agboobr H$nmerMr {H§$_VgwÜXm `§Xm {‘iV ZmhråhUOo H$m`? eoVH$è`m§Zm AÝ`m`mMr OmUrd Pmbr. emgZ ho H$mhr ‘m`~mnZmhr, {OW§ eŠ` Agob {VW§ eoVè`m§À`m ‘mZm H$mnm`bm H$‘r H$aV ZmhrAm{U Ë`m{déÜX eoVH$ar C^m amhÿ eH$Vmo Ag§ H$mnyg Am§XmobZmZ§ eoVH$è`m§Zm{eH$db§. Ag§ EH$ gJù`m ‘hmamï´>â Mmbbob§ à{ejUdJm©M§ EH$ ‘moR>§,Xhm dfmªM§ gÌ.

nU Amnë`m hmVm‘Üò Ver gmYZ§ H$mhr ZìhVr. nwñVH§$gwÜXm, Amnë`mH$mhr ghH$mè`m§Zr AmJ«h Yabm åhUyZ EdT>r Var ~mhoa Ambr. gmám{hH$-nm{jH$ Mmbb§ nU Vohr H$mhr {Z`‘mZ§ Mmbb§ Ag§ Zmhr. H$mhr H$mi

XmoZ

à{ejUmMm Iam AW©

emioV AmnU Jobmo H$s Hw$UrVar {ejH$ Amnë`mg‘moa òVmo. nwñVH$m§VH$mhrVar {b{hbob§ AgV§, EH$m‘mJyZ EH$ YSo> {ejH$ {eH$dV amhVmVAm{U narjobm `mVb§ H$mhr Var CÎma Úm`bm bmJob ho g‘moa R>odyZ Vr CÎmaoH$er Úmdr `mMr V`mar ìhmdr `m Ñï>rZo WmoS>rer nmonQ>n§Mr H$am`bm AmnU{eH$Vmo. H$mhr R>am{dH$ àH$maÀ`m àíZm§Zm R>am{dH$ àH$maMr CÎmao {XbråhUOo narjoV AmnU nmg hmoD$Z OmD$, ‘J Z§Va Ë`m {df`mMm Amnbm H$mhrg§~§Y am{hbm Zmhr Var Mmbob; EH$XmMm {eŠH$m {‘imbm H$s AmnUH$V©ì`mVyZ ‘moH$io Pmbmo Aem H$ënZoVyZ AmnU emim-H$m°boOmVyZ OmVAgVmo.

H¥${f AW© à~mo{YZrVrb `m à{ejUdJm©Mr H$ënZm WmoS>r doJir Amho. H$erdoJir Amho ho g‘OyZ KoÊ`mH$[aVm eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m Joë`m Xhm dfmªVrbèmM§, Anè nwîH$i Amho nU Ë`mVb§ Oo è Amho Ë`mM§ H$maU H$m` hog‘OmdyZ KoVb§ Va `m à{ejUdJm©Mr Am{U dJm©Vrb H$m‘mÀ`m nÕVrMr ghOH$ënZm oB©b. eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMr Am§XmobZ§ H$mhr nwT>o Jobr, H$mhr ‘mJo Jobr.H$m§Úmbm ^md dmT>dyZ {‘imbm, Cgmbm {‘imbm, XwYmbm {‘imbm, H$nmerbm{‘imbm. aŠH$‘ H$mT>m`bm Jobmo Va Iyn ‘moR>r aŠH$‘ hmoB©b. AJXr H$O©‘wº$sÀ`mdoiMm AmH$S>m KoVbm Var qhXwñWmZm‘Ü o Mma hOma H$moQ>r én`m§Mr H$O©‘wº$s hreoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m Am§XmobZmVyZ {ZKmbr `m~Ôb Hw$Umbm e§H$m Zmhr. eoVH$arg§KQ>ZoÀ`m Am§XmobZmZo eoVH$è`m§Mm én`m-n¡em§V {H$Vr ’$m`Xm Pmbm Ago {dMmacoVa hOmamo H$moQ>r én`m§Mm \$m`Xm Pmcm hoM Ë`mMo CÎma oB©b. nU ‘mÂ`m Ñï>rZo Vmo’$magm ‘hÎdmMm Zmhr.

eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo KS>dyZ AmUbobr gJù`mV AX²^wV Jmoï> H$moUVr? Xhm


gm§{JVbm Am{U EoH$Vm EoH$Vm eoVH$è`m§À`m ‘ZmV `m`bm bmJb§ H$s Aao,ho Ia§ Amho, H$maU ‘mPm AZw^d Agm Amho, ‘mPr Or àMrVr hmoVr Ë`màMrVrMm {gÕm§V ’$º$ H$iVmo Amho, eãX g§KQ>ZoMo AmhoV; nU AZw^d‘mPm Amho. hr OmUrd Ooìhm gJù`m eoVH$è`m§‘Üò Pmbr Voìhm Vo ‘hmamï´>âMmbdbob§ EH$ Iwb§ {dÚmnrR>, Iwë`m AmH$memImbM§ {dÚmnrR> hmoV§.hOmamo g^m Pmë`m; nU Vo EH$m AmWm©Zo {ejUM hmoVo.

AZw^dm§À`m AZmH$bZr` VwH$S>çm§À`m JmR>moS>çmbm Om{UdoZo EH$g§Y{MÌmÀ`m ñdê$nmV nmhmÊ`mBVnV ~Xb ‘hmamï´>m‘Üò KSy>Z Ambm; nUgJù`m g^m§‘Üò H$m` {H$VnV gm§{JVb§ OmV§? H$moUË`mhr EH$m Jmdr H$mhrR>am{dH$ doi {Xbm OmV Zmhr. BVahr ~§YZ§ AgVmV. ñWm{ZH$ H$m`©H$Ë`mªZmhrdmQ>V§ H$s BVH$s g^m O‘br Amho Va AmnUhr WmoS§> ~mobmd§. ‘J Omo H$mhrgôMm VmgXrS>Vmg doi Agob Ë`mVrb AYm©-nmD$U Vmg ‘bm qH$dmgôgmR>r Joboë`m à‘wI H$m`©H$Ë`m©g {‘iVmo. ‘J gd©gmYmaU bmoH$m§ZmÁ`mV ñdmañ` Amho, AJXr Zì`mZo eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zoer AmoiI H$ê$Z KoVAmho Aem eoVH$è`m§ZmgwÕm g‘OVrb AgoM {df` ’$º$ Ë`m gôV KoVmòVmV. ~hþVoH$ bmoH$m§À`m JmR>moS>çm§Vrb AZw^dm§À`m VwH$S>çm§Mr g§JVrbmJVo EH$‘oH$m§er; nU Vw‘À`mgma»`m H$mhr bmoH$m§À`m ~hþVoH$ VwH$S>çm§Mrg§JVr bmJbr Var H$mhr VwH$So> VgoM amhÿZ OmVmV. ~mH$s gd© g‘Ob§^mfUmVyZ; nU A‘wH$ A‘wH$ Jmoï>tMm `mVyZ Iwbmgm hmoV Zmhr. {eëbH$am{hbobo ho àíZ H$go gmoS>dm`Mo?

ho gmoS>dÊ`mH$[aVm, Ia§ åhUOo, H¥${f AW© à~mo{YZrVrb m à{ejUdJmªMr`moOZm Amho. BW§ H$mhr {eH$m`M§ Amho Am{U ‘J BWyZ OmD$Z, BW§ S>moŠ`mdaKoVbob§ kmZmM§ JmR>moS§> {VW§ OmD$Z eoVH$è`m§À`m S>moŠ`mda AmoVm`M§ AmhoAgm H$mhr àH$ma Zmhr. qH$~hþZm, BWyZ Vwåhr Joë`mZ§Va eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`màMmamM§ H$m‘ Ho$b§M nm{hOo AgmgwÕm ‘wirM AmJ«h Zmhr; nU ‘mPr ImÌrAmho H$s, Omo ‘Zwî` BW§ ‘Z CKS§> R>odyZ ZrQ>nUo {dMma d {dMmanÕVrg‘OmdyZ KoB©b Ë`mbm Agm H$mhr EH$ ^w§Jm BW§ bmJUma Amho H$s Vmo KarJoë`mZ§Va Ë`mbm ñdñW ~gyM XoUma Zmhr. EImXr Jmoï> nQ>br Zmhr Va nQ>brZmhr Ago ñnï>nUo gm§Jm`bm H$mhr haH$V Zmhr; nU {ZXmZ Vmo {dMma g‘OyZKoVmZm Oo Oo H$mhr gm§{JVb§ OmV Amho Ë`mMm Amnë`m AZw^dmer H$mhrg§~§Y Amho H$m EdT>§ ’$º$ àm‘m{UH$nUo VnmgyZ ¿`m`M§ Amho.

gmám{hH$ "dmaH$ar' Mmbbm, ‘J Ë`mZ§Va nm{jH$ "eoVH$ar g§KQ>H$' MmbyPmbm, nwT>o H$mhr H$mi gmám{hH$ "½`mZ~m' Mmbbm. AmVm nwÝhm "eoVH$arg§KQ>H$'; nU `m gm{hË`m‘wioM H$mhr ~Xb KSy>Z Ambm qH$dm hm g§XoeeoVH$è`m§n`ªV nmohmoMbm Ag§ åhUU§ H$R>rU Amho. ‘J hm àMma KS>bmH$gm?

EH$m ~mOybm H$m±J«og (Am`²)Mr gÎmm, H$m±J«og (Am`²)Z§ gJù`meoVH$è`m§‘Üò ghH$mar g§ñWm§M§ Omi§ {dUbob§. àËòH$ {Oëhm‘Üò, àËòH$VmbwŠ`mV EImXm ghH$ma‘h{f©, ghH$maloð>r. Hw$Ur H$mH$m, Hw$Ur AÊUm,Hw$Ur VmË`m, Hw$Ur ‘m‘m. ho gd© gmho~ gd© eoVH$è`m§Zm AJXr n§Om‘ÜònH$Sy>Z ~gbobo Am{U VarXoIrb EdT>çm VmH$XrÀ`m {déÕ OmD$Z eoVH$arg§KQ>Zm hm {dMmamVbm ~Xb H$gm H$m` KS>dyZ AmUy eH$br? Ia§ Va hmM‘ËH$maM dmQ>mdm. nU `mM§ CÎma XoÊ`mMm ‘r à`ËZ H$aUma Amho; nU hoCÎma Ia§ Am{U eodQ>M§ Amho Ag§ ‘bmhr dmQ>V Zmhr.

‘bm Ag§ dmQ>V§ H$s eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo bmoH$m§g‘moa OmD$Z Ë`m§À`mnwT>o EH$Amagm R>odbm. Omo H$mhr {dMma gm§{JVbm Vmo EoH$ë`mZ§Va àËòH$ eoVH$è`mÀ`m‘Zm‘Üò Ag§ H$mhrVar dmQ>m`bm bmJb§ H$s, Aao AmVm Hw$R>§ H$mhr VarO‘b§, BVHo$ {Xdg Oo H$mhr {dñH$irV {MÌ dmQ>V hmoV§ Vo `m AmaemVnm{hë`mZ§Va Ë`mMo VwH$So> EH$‘oH$m§Zm O‘VmV. gJù`m àíZm§Mr CÎma BW§{‘iVmV Ag§ Ë`m eoVH$è`m§Zm àm‘m{UH$nUmZ§ dmQ>m`bm bmJb§ åhUyZeoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMm {dMma ngabm. àËòH$mÀ`m Am`wî`m‘Üò OÝ‘ë`mnmgyZqH$dm g‘Om`bm bmJë`mnmgyZ EH$ AZw^dmM§ ‘moR>§ JmR>moS§> V`ma Pmbob§AgV§; nU Vo doJdoJio AZw^d doJdoJio VwH$So> Agë`mgmaIo AmhoV.AmOÀ`m AW©ì`dñWoV Am{U {ejUnÕVrV `m VwH$S>çm§Zm EH$Ì H$arbAgm {dMma Zmhr. `m {e{~amVrb EH$m H$m`©H$Ë`m©Zo eoVH$ar åhUyZ AZw^dKoVbm, CgmÀ`m eoVrMm. Ë`mÀ`mZ§Va ì`mnmar åhUyZ AZw^d KoVbm. Cgmbm^md {‘imbm Zmhr Am{U ì`mnmar Pmë`mZ§Va {VWogwÜXm WH$~mH$s dmT>VMam{hbr. H$maU AmOy~mOyMo H$m` H$mnyg, D$g {nH${dUmao eoVH$ar AgVrbË`m§MrgwÕm WH$~mH$s XoÊ`mMr nmÌVm Zmhr qH$dm VmH$X Zmhr. Ago gJiodoJdoJù`m AZw dm§Mo VwH$So> EH$Ì Agbobo JmR>m|So> KoD$Z àË oH$OU Mmbbobm.Ë`m gJù`m§Mm AW© bmdÊ`mMr VmH$X H$mhr Amnë`mV ’$maer ZgVo qH$dmAWmªÀ`m ~m~VrV {Xem^yb Pmbobr AgVo. eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo Amnbm {dMma


{XdgmMr ^mH$ar ImB©b; nU Ë`mbm Oa H$m Hw$èhmS> {Xbr Va Vmo H$m‘mbmbmJob Am{U amoO ^mH$ar ImB©b Aer Jmoï> Am‘À`m bhmZnUr gm§{JVbrOmB©. BWo Vwåhmbm, eoVH$è`m§À`m nwT>o OmD$Z ‘m§S>Ê`mH$[aVm Aer H$mhrV`ma JmR>moS>r, V`ma {eXmoar {Xbr OmUma Zmhr. {dMma H$gm H$amdm BWnmgyZVw‘À`m ‘ZmMr ImÌr nQ>dyZ KoU§ hm Ia§ Va BWë`m à{ejUdJm©Mm hoVy AmhoAm{U EH$Xm ho {dMmamM§ hË`ma Vwåhmbm Jdgb§ H$s ‘J Amnmnë`m JmdrJoë`mZ§Va, Amnë`m VmbwŠ`mV, {OëømV Joë`mZ§§Va ZdrZ H$mhr àíZ {Z‘m©UPmbm Va, ""Amåhmbm H$mhr `mM§ CÎma {e{~amV gm§{JVb§ ZìhV§.'' Ag§åhUm`Mr doi òUma Zmhr. nmR>m§Vamda {^ñV AgUmam EImXm T> {dÚmWuH$g§ åhUVmo? narjoMm nona ’w$Q>bm Amho; nU `mM§ CÎma H$m` Úm`M§ VoAmnë`mbm ‘mñVam§Zr gm§{JVbob§ Zmhr; nU Omo Aä`mgy AgVmo Vmo åhUVmoJwéOtZr hmM àíZ Zo‘H$m Zmhr gm§{JVbm; nU Ë`m A‘wH$ EH$m àíZmÀ`mCÎmamV Or arV JwéOtZr gm§{JVbr Vr `m àíZmÀ`m n[apñWVrV dmnabråhUOo CÎma òV§.

`m ñdê$nmM§, EH$ \$ma AmZ§X XoUma§ CXmhaU KS>ë`mM§ ‘bm AmR>dV§.1984 gmbÀ`m ‘hmamï´> àMma`mÌoVrb KQ>Zm Amho. `dV‘mi {OëømV EH$mJmdr àMma`mÌm Wm§~br hmoVr. H$mhrVar Hw$a‘wao dJ¡ao dmQ>Ê`mM§ H$m‘ MmbyhmoV§. XmoZ H$m`©H$V} EH$‘oH$m§V MMm© H$aV hmoVo. {df` hmoVm, ZwH$VoM{~hma‘Üò EH$m h[aOZ eoV‘Oya ~mB©da Pmboë`m ~bmËH$mamÀ`m KQ>ZoMm.EH$ H$m`©H$Vm© åhUV hmoVm, ""{VWo eoVH$è`mZo Ë`m ~mB©da ~bmËH$ma Ho$bm.‘J Vwåhr H$g§ åhUVm H$s eoVH$ar {déÕ eoV‘Oya Agm g§Kf© Zmhr?''Ë`mda Xwgè`m H$m`©H$Ë`m©Zo AË`§V em§VnUo gm§{JVb§ H$s, ""Ë`m h[aOZeoV‘Oya órda ~bmËH$ma Pmbm `mM§ EH$‘od H$maU Amho H$s eoVr‘mbmbmamñV ^md {‘iV Zmhr.'' Ë`mZo Omo H$mhr VH©$ ‘m§S>bm, Omo H$mhr {ZîH$f©H$mT>bm Vmo Va AmhoM nU ho gma§ Ë`mZ§ Á`m AmË‘{dœmgmZ§ gm§{JVb§ honmhVm Ë`m‘mJo EH$ ‘moR>m AW© Amho H$s, gJù`m g‘mOmVë`m gJù`mN>oXmN>oXm§M§ H$maU H$m`? gJù`m g‘mOmbm Or H$mhr gmMboë`m S>~Š`mMrAdñWm àmá Pmbr Amho Ë`m S>~Š`mVbo {H$So> EH$‘oH$m§er Or H$mhr ‘mam‘marH$aVmhoV Ë`m‘mJM§ Oo H$mhr VmËnwaV§ H$maU Amho Ë`mM§ H$m` ‘hÎd Amho?‘wim‘Üò S>~H§$ Pmb§` ‘J Ë`mVbo {H$So> {H$S>çmgmaIoM dmJm`bm bmJVmV.ho Ë`mZ§ ‘moR>çm AmË‘{dœmgmZ§ gm§{JVb§.

Am{U hr bhmZghmZ Zìho, ’$ma ‘moR>r Jmoï> Amho. ‘r {dÚmÏ`mªZm EH$ nÌ{b{hb§ Amho, ""eoVH$ar {dÚmWu g§KQ>Zm H$mT>m`Mr åhUOo Hw$R>§ OmD$Z{‘adUwH$m H$mT>m`Mr JaO Zmhr, Hw$R>§ OmD$Z XJS> ’o$H$m`Mr JaO Zmhr.Vwåhr Am§XmobZmV md§ Aerhr ‘mPr BÀN>m Zmhr. H$maU Vwåhmbm ‘r Am§XmobZmVAmoT>b§ Va CÚmM§ {~`mU§ ‘r AmOM ImÊ`mH$[aVm dmnê$Z Q>mH$b§ Ag§hmoB©b. Vwåhr eoVH$è`mMr ‘wb§ AmhmV. CÚm eoVH$ar g‘mOmM§ ZoV¥ËdH$aÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar Vw‘À`mda Amho. Vw‘À`m `m H$mim‘Üò Vwåhr {dÚmMH$aU§ Amdí`H$ Amho. nU hr {dÚm H$aVmZm, Or H$aVm Vr {dÚmM AmhoqH$dm Zmhr ho VnmgyZ nmhm. ZmhrVa A{dÚm hr Vwåhmbm {dÚm åhUyZ{eH${dbr OmB©b Am{U EH$m AWm©Zo Vwåhr hZw‘mZmgmaIo AmhmV. "^y{‘H$Ý`m'grVoÀ`m emoYmV amdUmÀ`m b§Ho$V Ambm AmhmV Am{U amdUmM§ gJi§ EdT>§‘moR>§ d¡^d, gmoÝ`mMr b§H$m. am‘mH$So> H$m` AgUma - ’$mQ>H$s dëH$b§ ZogyZO§JbmV H§$X‘wi§ ImUmam Vmo. Vwåhmbm AmB©~mnm§Zr IoS>JmdmVZ§ ehamVnmR>db§, `m PJPJË`m, gJio Eoœ`© Agboë`m OJm‘Üò nmR>db§ Am{U OaH$m Vwåhr amdUmÀ`m `m gmoÝ`mÀ`m b§Ho$À`m ‘mohmV nS>bmV Va grVobm VwåhrVg§M gmoSy>Z amdUmÀ`mM Xa~mamV XmIb hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho Am{U ‘Jam‘mÙ H$Yr KS>m`M§M Zmhr. H$Xm{MV, Vwåhmbm amdUmÀ`m Xa~mamV, OooìhmnwT>o H$Yr am‘ òB©b Vmon`ªV gwImMr ZmoH$ar {‘iob. nU VodT>çm H$mimVgrVoMr H$mhr ‘wº$s hmoUo eŠ` Zmhr.''

‘J H$m` {dMma H$am åhUyZ ‘r {dÚmWªZm gm§{JVb§? ""hr Or ‘mUg§ AmOy~mOybmVwbm {XgVmV, Mm§Jë`mn¡H$s KamV amhVmV, KamV {Xdo AmhoV, pIS>Š`m§Zm nS>Xobmdbobo AmhoV, AmB©~mn-‘wb§ EH$‘oH$m§er ~mobVmV, IoiVmV, {’$am`bm OmVmV.Vo H$mhr ’$ma lr‘§V AmhoV Ag§ Zmhr; nU Hw$Qw>§~ åhUyZ Oo H$mhr Am wî` AgV§Vo OJVmV. Vwåhr {ZXmZ ñdV…bm Agm àíZ {dMmam H$s, ‘mÂ`m AmB©-~mnm§Zr Ag§H$moUV§ nmn Ho$b§ Amho H$s Ë`m§Zm Ag§ H$Yr OJVm Amb§ Zmhr, EH$ {XdggwÕm?hm àíZ Oa Vwåhr {dMmabm Zmhr ñdV…bm Va Vwåhr {dÚmWu Zmhr Am{U `m àíZmM§CÎma Oa Vwåhmbm {Xb§ Job§ Zmhr Va Vwåhmbm emioV qH$dm H$m°boOmV {eH${dbrOmUmar {dÚm hr ‘wir {dÚmM Zmhr.''

Á`mZo AmgnmgÀ`m n[apñWVrMm AW© bmJV Zmhr Vr {dÚm H$gbr? BW§Vwåhr Oo Ambm AmhmV VogwÕm nwñVH§$, H$mhr dmŠ`§ nmR> H$aÊ`mH$[aVm Zmhr.EImÚm ^wHo$boë`mbm Oa X`m~wÕrZo H$mhr n¡go {Xbo Va Vmo H$Xm{MV Ë`m


H$mhr ’$aH$ amhUma Zmhr. H$maU {ZaW©H$ ~mobUmao gVV VoM VoM ~mobVAgVmV, {H$Vrhr H$mi Jobm Var; nU ‘r AmO Oo ~mobVmo Amho Vo AmOÀ`mn[apñWVrbm bmJy Amho hr OmUrd Am{U hm AmË‘{dœmg Agbm åhUOo ‘JË`mbm Iè`m AWm©Zo {df` g‘Obm Ago åhUVm òB©b.

(21 Am°JñQ> 1990)

Anojm Aer Amho H$s BWyZ OmVmZm Vwåhr hmVm‘Üò EImX§ ZdrZ hË`maKoD$Z Omb Am{U ho hË`ma ‘mÂ`mH$So> Amho, {dMmam§Mo, Vmon`ªV H$moUrhrg‘moa òdmo - Vmo ñWm{ZH$ H$m°boO‘Ybm ‘mÝ`da AW©emók Agmo H$mEImXm nwT>mar Agmo, H$maImÝ`mMm AÜ`j Agmo H$m gmogm`Q>rMm Hw$Ur AgmoË`mMm gm‘Zm ‘r H$ê$ eH$Vmo hm AmË‘{dœmg H$‘mdyZ Omb. ‘mÂ`m hmVmVb§hË`ma ho OJmVë`m gd© VmH$Xrnojm loð> Amho Agm Vwåhmbm A{^‘mZ dmQ>ob.EH$ ^bm ‘moR>m nhobdmZ d Xwgam VmH$XrZo AJXr {H$aH$moi ‘Zwî` Amho; nUË`m {H$aH$moi ‘mUgmÀ`m hmVmV Oa hË`ma Agb§ Va Vmo ^ë`m‘moR>çmn{hbdmZmMmgwÕm gm‘Zm H$ê$ eH$Vmo. Ë`mMà‘mUo Vwåhr BWyZ KoD$Z Omd§Aer Anojm Amho Ë`m hË`mamÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo ~mH$sMr gmYZ§, g§nÞVmAgbobr ‘mUg§ Vw‘À`mnwT>o {’$H$s nS>mdr.

ho hË`ma hñVJV H$aVm H$aVmM Vo Mmbdm`M§ H$g§ `mMm gamdhr BWoMH$am`Mm Amho. ‘ZmV Ambobm H$moUVmhr àíZ {dMmam`bm ‘mJonwT>o nmhÿ ZH$m.BW§ H$mhr Hw$Ur {eH$dUma Zmhr. Og§ Vwåhr Vw‘À`m AZw^dmMm AW© bmdVmAmhmV Vg§M BWbo à{ejH$gwÕm H$mhr {eHy$Z Wm§~bobo ZmhrV. EH$ ‘moR>m’$aH$ bjmV ¿`m. emim-H$m°boO‘Ybm {ejH$ gmYmaUnUo Amdí`H$ nXì`mKoVë`m, S>r.ES².- ~r.ES². Pmb§ H$s, {ejU Ë`mM§ gmYmaUnUo Wm§~V§.AmnU Á`m {df`mMm Aä`mg H$aVmo AmhmoV Vmo {df`M ‘wir Wm§~Umam Zmhr.hm {df` gVV dmT>Umam, gVV ~XbUmam Amho. AmH$memVë`m Vmè`m§MmAä`mg Ogm, 15 {Xdg Ho$bm, df©â Ho$bm, ...Am{U åhQ>b§ H$s ‘bmgJi§ g‘Ob§, Va Vo H$mhr Ia§ hmoV Zmhr. hOmamo dfmªZr Vmè`m§Mr nwÝhm VrMpñWVr H$Yr òV Agob Va Agoc. Ë`m§À`m gJù`m hmbMmbr{df`r ‘m{hVrOa nm{hOo Agob Va gVV nmhmUo, gVV {dMma H$aUo, gVV Aä`mg H$aUo`mMr Amdí`H$Vm Amho Am{U ‘bm Ag§ dmQ>V§ H$s 1980 _Üò Á`mn[apñWVr‘Üò eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo H$m‘mbm gwédmV Ho$br {VÀ`mV Am{UAmOÀ`m n[apñWVrV åhQ>b§ Va H$mhrM A§Va Zmhr Am{U åhQ>b§ Va‘hX²A§Va Amho. åhQ>b§ Va IynM KSy>Z Job§ Amho Am{U åhQ>b§ Va n[apñWVrnwîH$ier VrM Amho; nU H$m` ~Xbbob§ Amho Am{U H$m` ~Xbbob§ Zmhr`mMm Oa {dMma AmnU Ho$bm Zmhr Am{U 80 _Üò Or dmŠ`§ åhUV hmoVmoVr Ë`mM nÕVrZo, Ë`mM R>oŠ`mV, Ë`mM Omoem‘Üò Am{U Ë`mM AmdoemZoåhUV am{hbmo Va gË`ZmamÙmMr nyOm gm§JUmam ~«m÷U Am{U Amnë`mV


EH$m H$mir ‘r Ag§ åhQ>b§ hmoV§ H$s nmÊ`mM§ dmQ>n H$g§ ìhmd§ `m~Ôb‘mPr H$mhr ì`{º$JV ‘V§ AmhoV; nU Ë`m~Ôb ‘r ~moby BpÀN>V Zmhr.JmdmJmdm§‘Üò d¡ÚH$s` ì`dñWm H$er ìhmdr `mg§~§Yrhr ‘r H$mhr ~mobyBpÀN>V Zmhr. Ag§ H$m? Ë`mdoir ‘r Ag§ åhQ>b§ hmoV§ H$s. ""EImÚmOÝ‘m§Ymbm Oa S>moio Ambo Va OJ H$g§ {Xgob `mM§ {MÌ Ë`mbm H$Yr gm§JVmòUma Zmhr; Á`mZo Am`wî`mV H$Yr àH$me n{hbmM Zmhr Vmo ‘Zwî` Ë`mbmÑïr> Ambr Am{U àH$me {Xgy bmJbm Va OJ H$g§ {Xgy bmJob `mM§ dU©ZH$m` H$aUma? Am{U AmnU Ë`mÀ`mg‘moa OJmM§ {H$Vrhr dU©Z Ho$b§ VaË`mbm Ë`mV H$m` g‘OUma? Vg§M {nT>çmZ²{nT>çm eoVr VmoQ>çmV MmbdUmameoVH$ar hm ‘mUyg åhUyZ OJÊ`mM§ ñdmV§Ì Oa {‘imb§ Va H$g§ H$m` OJob`mMo AmamISo> AmVm ~Zdm`bm bmJy ZH$m. eoVH$è`mbm bwQ>Umè`m ‘mUgm§Zr{dÚmnrR>m§‘Üò, doJdoJù`m g§ñWm§‘Üò eoVr H$er H$amdr `mMo AmamISo>~Z{dÊ`mMo H$mhr H$maU Zmhr. Á`mdoir eoVH$ar ‘mUyg ~Zob Am{U ñdV§Ì~Zob. Voìhm Vw‘À`m H$ënZo‘ÜògwÕm òUma Zmhr Ago Aà{V‘ ‘mJ© - eoVrH$aÊ`mMo, à{H«$`m H$aÊ`mMo, ì`mnma H$aÊ`mMo, {Z`m©V H$aÊ`mMo - VmoXmIdyZ XoB©b.'

H$mhr bmoH$m§Zm Iyn AmZ§X dmQ>m`bm bmJbm Amho. Vo åhUy bmJbo H$seoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm AmVm éimda Ambr Amho. BVHo$ {Xdg Oo Amåhr åhUVhmoVmo VoM AmVm eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm åhUy bmJbr Amho. Ag§ åhUÊ`mV Ë`m§ZmIyn AmZ§X hmoD$ bmJbm Amho. AZoH$ Wmoa-Wmoa ZoË`m§Mr ‘bm nÌ§ òD$Zam{hbrV H$s eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo AmVm {dMma A{YH$ ì`mnH$ H$am`bm gwédmVHo$br `m Jmoï>tZr Ë`m§Zm ’$ma AmZ§X Pmcm Amho. åhUOo "Amåhr \$ma ehmUohmoVmo,Vwåhr BVHo$ {Xdg ‘yIm©gmaIo Mmbbm hmoVm, Am‘À`m añË`mbm AmbmV~a§ Pmb§.' Ag§M OUy Ë`m§Zm åhUm`M§ Amho!

eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m eoJmdÀ`m OmhraZmå`mMo {Xboë`m ^maV XeH$mVrbMVwa§J eoVrÀ`m H$m ©H«$‘m~m~V Aer H$mhr J¡ag‘OyV {ZXmZ eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`mH$m`©H$Ë`m©Mr hmoD$ Zò Am{U Pmbr Agë`mg Vr XwéñV ìhmdr.

EH$ ‘hÎdmMm {Z`‘ bjmV R>odm. amÌ g§nVo Am{U {Xdg CJdVmo.H$mirHw$Å> A§Ymar amÌ Zo‘H$s g§nbr H$Yr Am{U nhmQ>oMr gwédmV Pmcr H$Yr`mMr Oa Hw$Umcm aofm {Z{üV H$am`bm gm§{JVbr Va Vo H$aUo AeŠ` Amho.OJm‘Yrb gJio ‘hÎdmMo ~Xb ho Ago AbJX nmdbm§Zr òD$Z OmVmV,

VrZ

^maV XeH$mVrc MVwa§J eoVr

eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMm eoJmdMm OmhraZm‘m Kmo{fV Pmë`mZ§Va eoVH$arg§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªgh AZoH$m§À`m ‘ZmV àûZ{MÝh C^§ am{hb§ Amho H$sBVHo$ {Xdg eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo Á`m Jmoï>tMr Moï>m Ho$br, Cnhmg Ho$bm; Á`mJmoï>tVyZ eoVH$è`m§M§ ^b§ hmoUma Zmhr Ag§ bmoH$m§Zm R>mgyZ gm{JVb§ Ë`mMJmoï>r eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm AmVm eoVH$è`m§Zm CbQy>Z gm§Jm`bm bmJbr Amho H$sH$m`?

MVwa§J eoVr åhUOo eoVH$è`mÀ`m ñdmV§Í`mMm ghO Am{dîH$ma.nydu Oa Hw$Ur òD$Z gm§Jm`bm bmJb§ H$s eoVrbm nmUr {‘im`bm

nm{hOo; IV§ {H$Vr dmnam, Am¡fY§ {H$Vr dmnam Va Amåhr Ë`mMr Moï>m H$aVhmoVmo Am{U åhUV hmoVmo H$s "Am~m nmQ>bm' À`m gm§JÊ`mà‘mUo AmåhrIwanÊ`m Iyn doim Ho$ë`m Am{U åher JmB© R>odyZ ~{KVë`m, H$mabr bmdbr,Vm|S>br bmdbr; nU S>moŠ`mda H$O© MT>Ê`mnbrH$So> H$mhr Pmb§ Zmhr.bmoH$m§Zm AmJ«hmZo Amåhr gm§JV hmoVmo H$s eoVr H$aÊ`mMr H$moUVrhr nÕV{H$’$m`Vera Zmhr; H$maU "eoVH$è`mM§ ‘aU ho gaH$maM§ YmoaU Amho' Am{UAmO AmnU eoVr H$er H$amdr, H$moUVr IV§ dmnamdrV Agb§ H$mhr CbQ>~mobm`bm bmJbmo H$m H$m`?

Amåhr Ag§ åhUV hmoVmo H$s gmIa H$maImZm {ZKmbm, gyV{JaUr {ZKmbr,H¥${fCËnZ ~mOma g{‘Vr {ZKmbr, ì`mnmamMr ì`dñWm Pmbr, ~±Ho$Mr ì`dñWmPmbr, nVnwadR>çmMr ì`dñWm Pmbr, H$maImÝ`mMr ì`dñWm Pmbr Varn[aUm‘ EH$M Pmbm; eoVH$è`mÀ`m A§Jmda OodT>r H$mhr gmbQ>r hmoVrVodT>rgwÕm {ZKyZ Jobr Am{U AmO Amåhr eoVH$è`m§Zm ì`mnma H$am qH$dmà{H«$`m H$am Ag§ Zo‘H§$ CbQ> gm§Jm`bm bmJbmo Amhmo H$s H$m`?


Zmhr åhUyZ hr MVwa§J `mXr H$amdr bmJbr.nU hm H$m`©H«$‘ åhUOo AmVm n[apñWVr 1991 _Üò ~Xbë`mZ§Va, eoVr

H$er H$amdr ho gm§JUmao "Am~m nmQ>rb' gmIaoMr à{H«$`m H$er H$amdr hogm§JUmao "{dIo nmQ>rb', {Z`m©V H$aUmao Am{U H$moUr, ì`mnma H$aUmao Am{UH$moUr `m§À`m ‘mJm©Zo Amåhr AmVm Om`bm bmJbmo AmhmoV hr H$ënZmgneob MyH$ Amho. CbQ>, eoVr, à{H«$`m, ì`mnma Am{U {Z`m©V `m MmahrjoÌm§‘Üò AmOn`ªV ~wOwJm©Zr Oo Oo ‘m§S>b§ Vo CYiyZ ’o$Hy$Z XoÊ`mH$[aVmeoJmdMm hm MVwa§J H$m`©H«$‘ Amho. AmVmn`©V, eoVr H$er H$amdr`mÀ`m~ÔbÀ`m Á`m§Zr Á`m§Zr H$ënZm VmoS>ë`m Ë`m gJù`m§ZmM MwH$sM§R>adUmam Agm H$m`©H«$‘ Amho. H$maU, AmVm OÝ‘m§Ymbm Ñï>r Ambr Amho.Ñï>r Amë`mZ§Va Vmo OwÝ`m n§{S>Vm§Zr gm§{JVbob§ H$mhrhr ‘mZm`cm V`ma Zmhr.

gwédmVrÀ`m doXZm hr ñdmV§Í`mMr {H$§‘V Amho`m ‘Yë`m H$mim‘Üò g§KQ>ZoZo H$m` H$m‘ Ho$b§ ? MrZ‘Yë`m {ó`m§{df`r

EH$ hH$sH$V Amho. MrZ‘Üò EHo$H$mir Aer H$ënZm hmoVr H$s ImZXmZr órH$moUVr? Va {Obm H$Yrhr nb§Jmdê$Z CVê$Z Mmbmd§ bmJV Zmhr Vr IarImZXmZr Ag§ g‘Ob§ Om`M§. h[a`mUm‘Ybm eoVH$ar ^ë`m‘moR>çm gmâ`mMm’o$Q>m KmbVmo. EdT>çm ‘moR>çm gmâ`mMm ’o$Q>m KmbU§ åhUOo {H$Vr H$R>rU?Ë`mbm ñQ>mM© bmdyZ Vmo \o$Q>çmMm gm’$m VmR> R>odmdm bmJVmo. VmoM Oa‘OwamMm ’o$Q>m Agob Va Vmo H$gmVar Jw§S>mibm Var MmbVmo. H$maU Ë`m‘Owambm Amnë`m ’o$Q>çmda ‘mbmM§ AmoP KoD$Z Omd§ bmJV§. eoVH$è`mÀ`mgmâ`mÀ`m ’o$Q>çmMm Vwam VmR> Amho `mMm AW© H$m`? ‘bm H$m‘ H$amd§bmJV§ Zmhr Agm _Zwî` Amho _r! Ver MrZ_Yë`m ImZXmZr _{hcm§Mr EoQ>H$m`? `m§Zm nb§Jmdê$Z CVam`bm Z bmJë`m‘wio `m§Mo nm` AJXr ~marH$amhVmV. ‘J Vo nm` ~marH$ amhmdo `mH$[aVm ‘moR>o à`ËZ! OÝ‘ë`m~amo~a‘wbrMo nm` nÅ>çmZo ~m§YyZ Q>mH$sV. ‘J Vo nm` gmh{OH$M bhmZ amhV Am{UVgo amhmdo åhUyZ H$m`‘ nÅ>çmV amhV. nm` bhmZ amhV nU bhmZnUmnmgyZ~m§Ybobo am{hë`m‘wio nwT>o Ë`m ‘wbr§Zm OÝ‘â Ë`m nm`m§da Cô amhU§gwÕmeŠ` hmoV Zgo. MrZ‘Üò H$å`w{ZñQ> amOdQ> Ambr Voìhm Ë`§mZr n{hë`m§Xm hrH«y$a A‘mZwf nÕV ~§X Ho$br. OÝ‘V… Á`m§À`m nm`mÀ`m nÅ>>çm OoìhmgmoS>ë`m OmD$ bmJë`m Voìhm Ë`m ‘wbtZr H$idiyZ {dZ§Vr Ho$br H$s AmVmAm‘À`m nm`m§VyZ nwÝhm aº$ Ioiy bmJb§ Amho `mÀ`m doXZm Amåhmbm ghZ

H$Yr òD$Z OmVmV Vo g‘OVgwÕm Zmhr. ‘moR>m AmdmO H$ê$Z, Yy‘YS>mŠ`mZoEImXm ~Xb KS>bm Va g‘Om hm ~Xb ’$mbVy Amho. B§{Xam Jm§Yr§À`m OmJramOrd Jm§Yr Ambo, dV©‘mZnÌmV Iyn AmdmO Pmbm, `mMm AW© H$mhr hmIam ‘moR>m ~Xb Zmhr. EImÚm XoemV H«$m§Vr Pmbr åhUOo H$m`? bmoH$m§ZmbwQ>Uma§ EH$ gaH$ma OmD$Z bmoH$m§Zm bwQ>Uma§ Xwga§ gaH$ma Amb§ åhUOo ’$ma‘moR>r H«$m§Vr Pmbr H$s H$m`? Jmoam B§J«O Jobm, bmb {H$ëë`mda {Va§Jr P|S>mbmJbm, ZdrZ n§VàYmZ g’o$X AMH$ZrVbo Jwbm~ bmdUmao Pmbo, Jmoè`mB§J«OmÀ`m OmJr H$mim B§J«O Ambm hr H$mhr H«$m§Vr Pmbr Zmhr; nUdV©‘mZnÌmV Á`mMm AmdmO hmoVmo Vmo ‘moR>m ~Xb Pmbm Ag§ AmOH$mbgJù`m§Zm dmQ>V§. EImÚm amÁ`mMm EH$ ‘w»`‘§Ìr OmD$Z Xwgam ‘w»`‘§ÌrPmbm Var dV©‘mZnÌm§Mr ^mfmM Aer ~XbVo H$s OUy H$mhr gma§ OJM~Xcc§! Ia§ åhQ>b§ Va H$mhr gwÕm ’$aH$ nS>bobm ZgVmo.

’$ma ‘hÎdmMo ~Xb Ago AbJX òD$Z OmVmV H$s Ë`mMm Amnë`mbmnÎmmgwÕm bmJV Zmhr. Agm ~Xb eoVH$è`m§À`m ~m~VrV KS>bm Amho.

"eoJmdÀ`m OmhraZmå`m' ‘Yrb n{hbm ‘wÔm hm Amho. Á`m Á`m gmYZm§ZreoVH$è`m§Zm ~mYyZ R>odbob§ hmoV§ Vr gmYZ§ AmVm gaH$maÀ`m hmVr gÜ`m VarZmhrV; CÚm naV Ambr Va ~Ky {ZXmZ, Á`m à‘mUmV Ë`m§À`mH$S§> Vr gmYZ§hmoVr Ë`m à‘mUmV Var ZmhrV. Aem n[apñWVrV nwT>Mo nmD$b H$go Q>mH$m`Mohm Iam gJù`mV ‘hÎdmMm àûZ Amho.

EH$ OwÝ`m ZmQ>H$mVbm àg§J Amho. n§VmoOr EH$m lr‘§V ì`mnmè`mbm JÚåhUOo H$m` ho {eH$dm`Mm à`ËZ H$aVmV, "H${dVm åhUOo nÚ, H${dVm ZmhrVo JÚ.' JÚmMm AW© {eH$Vm {eH$Vm Vmo ì`mnmar H$m` åhUVmo? "Aao, JÚåhUOo AmnU Zoh‘r ~mobVmo VoM Zm?' VgmM hm eoJmdMm MVwa§J eoVrMmH$m`©H«$‘ åhUOo H$m` Amho? eoVH$è`mÀ`m nm`mV OÝ‘ë`mnmgyZ Á`m ~oS>çmnS>boë`m AgVmV Ë`m Vem Ý‘ë`mnmgyZ ZgË`m Va Vmo OÝ‘V… Og§ dmJm`bmbmJbm AgVm Ë`mMr hr ê$naofm Amho; `mV ZdrZ H$mhr Zmhr.

Oa H$m, eoVH$è`m§Zm AmOn`©V `m Jwbm‘{JarMm AZw^d H$Yr ¿`mdmbmJbm ZgVm Va Ë`m§Zr H$m` Ho$b§ AgV§? eoVr H$er Ho$br AgVr? ì`mnmaH$gm Ho$bm AgVm? à{H«$`m H$em Ho$ë`m AgË`m? {Z`m©V H$er Ho$brAgVr? ho AmnmoAmnM O‘b§ AgV§. ’$º$ AmnU OÝ‘m§Y Oo OÝ‘bmo, AmVmÑï>r Amë`mZ§Va OmUdUmè`m `m àH$memer H$g§ H$m` dmJm`M§ ho g‘OV


OmJ{VH$ n[apñWVr Aer ~Xbbr H$s Amnë`m eÌyÀ`m hmVmVrb eó§ JiyZnS>br AmhoV, VmËnwaVr Var JiyZ nS>cr AmhoV. `mÀ`mnwT>o Om`Mm ‘mJ©Vwåhmbm emoYyZ H$mT>m`Mm Amho.

grVmeoVr åhUOo ~wÕrda AmYm[aV à`moJeoVr H$er H$amdr? grVmeoVr åhUOo Amho Var H$m`? grVmeoVr, ‘mOKa

eoVr, ì`mnmar eoVr Am{U {Z`m©V eoVr- `m MVwa§J eoVr‘Üò AmOn`ªVÀ`mXwÉ>mMm`m©Zr ‘m§S>boë`m àËòH$ H$ënZoMm {ZfoY Amho, A{Yjon Amho. Hw$UrAmåhmbm gm§{JVb§ daIV§ dmnam, `w[a`m dmnam, A‘wH$ S>mog dmnam, V‘wH$S>mog dmnam! AmVm Amåhr åhUVmo AmhmoV H$s eoVr‘mbmMr {H$_V gaH$manmSy> eH$V Zmhr R>ady eH$V Zmhr Am{U XoD$hr eH$V Zmhr; AmåhrMAm_À`m nm`mda C^§ amhm`M§ Amho; gaH$ma g§nb§ Amho Voìhm AmVm AmåhrJwbm‘rV OÝ‘bmo ZgVmo Va eoVr Oer Ho$br AgVr Ver eoVr H$am`MrR>adUma AmhmoV.

grVmeoVr åhUOo Z¡g{J©H$ eoVr Zmhr. grVmeoVr åhUOo O¡{dH$ eoVrZmhr. ’$º$ JmB©M§M eoU dmnam`M§, Jmo‘yÌM dmnam`M§ Agbr AOmJiH$ënZm ‘m§S>Umar hr grVmeoVr Zmhr. Iè`m AWm©Zo eoVr hr {dkmZmda,~wÕrda Am{U ì`mnmamda AmYm[aV H$aÊ`mMm n{hbm à`moJ OJm‘Üò AmOBW§ grVmeoVrÀ`m ê$nmZo Mmby hmoV Amho. Amåhmbm eŠ` ZìhV§ åhUyZAmåhr eoUIV dmnab§. ‘J {dkmZ Amb§ Am{U Hw$Ur gm§Jm`bm bmJb§`w[a`m dmnam, Hw$Ur gm§Jm`bm bmJb§ ’$m°ñ’o$Q>Mo S>mog Úm, Hw$Ur åhQ>b§EÝS>mogë’$mZ ‘mam, Voam ’$dmao ‘mam, Mm¡Xm ’$dmao ‘mam. Hw$Ur Am{U Hw$Ur Vargm§{JVb§ åhUyZ Amåhr Vg§ Ho$b§.

AmVm n[apñWVr ~Xbbr Amho. OÝ‘m§Ymbm S>moio Ambo Am{U AmåhrAmVm gai àíZ {dMmam`bm bmJbmo AmhmoV H$s Oa H$m Amåhmbm hr eoVrH$am`Mr Agob Am{U Oa H$m Amåhmbm ^md ~m§YyZ XoUma§ Hw$Ur am{hb§ ZgobAm{U ^md nmS>Uma§hr Hw$Ur am{hb§ Zgob Va ‘mUyg åhUyZ Amåhr eoVr H$erH$m` H$am`Mr Amho? n{hbr Jmoï>, gJim dmømV IM© ~§X . eŠ`Vmo,~mhoê$Z H$mhr AmUm`M§M Zmhr. grVmeoVrMm n{hbm nm`m eyÝ` eoVr.~mhoê$Z H$mhr Z AmUVm H$mhr H$aVm òV§ H$s Zmhr? AJXrM H$mhr bmJUmaAgob Va ~Ky. nU AerM eoVr H$aU§ Amnë`mbm ^mJ nS>Uma Amho.gÜ`mMr Or h[aVH«$m§VrMr eoVr Amho Ë`mbm n`m©` emoYmdmM bmJUma Amho.

hmoV ZmhrV, H¥$nm H$ê$Z nÅ>>çm gmoSy> ZH$m, Am‘Mr {nT>r AerM OmD$ Úm .Amnë`mda WmoS>rer AerM doi òUma Amho. OÝ‘V… nm`mbm nÅ>>çm

~m§Yboë`m Am‘À`m nm`mVyZ aº$ Ioim`Mr Amåhmbm gd` Zmhr Am{U `mnÅ>çm H$mT>VmV åhQ>ë`mda EH$Xm Ë`m nm`mVyZ aº$ Ymdm`bm bmJë`mZ§VaË`mÀ`m doXZm Amåhmbm ghZ hmoD$ eH$Uma AmhoV qH$dm Zmhr hm Iam_hÎdmMm àûZ Amho.

BVHo$ {Xdg Ë`m ‘mZmZo ~ao hmoVmo. eoVr AmnU H$aV hmoVmo, gaigmoQ>.Zm§Jambm ~¡b Ow§nbobo Vgo eoVrbm eoVH$ar Ow§nbobm. Zm§Ja {Xboë`m VmgmZoKoD$Z OmÊ`mM§ H$m‘ ~¡bmM§ Am{U Hw$U~r OÝ‘bmo åhUyZ Hw$Uã`mgmaI§ eoVrH$aV amhm`M§ H$m‘ Am‘M§ eoVH$è`mM§! Xw…I hmoV hmoV§, Mm§Jb§ OJVm òVZìhV§, ‘mUyg åhUyZ OJVm oV ZìhV§, Am‘Mr KaMr ~m`mnmoa§ OZmdamgmaIrOJV, dmT>V hmoVr. Hw$Qw>§~ åhUOo H$m` ho Amåhmbm ‘mhrV ZìhV§, ‘JË`m‘wi§ Oo H$m` g‘mYmZ H$‘r nS>V Agob Vo JmdmVë`m dmXmdmXr‘Üò,JmdmVë`m ^m§S>Um§‘Üò EH$‘oH$m§Mr S>moH$s ’$moSy>Z {dZmH$maU Jw‘u‘Üò {’$ê$ZWmoS§> ’$ma {‘idV hmoVmo. nU AmVm nwT>§ R>mH$bob§ Am`wî` {H$Vr Amho!nyduÀ`m H$mir H$‘r nS>b§ Va ‘mÂ`mgmaIm EImXm nwT>mar Ambm Am{U gm§JybmJbm, "eoVr‘mbmbm ^md {‘im`bm nm{hOo, Mbm' H$s JmS>rbm ^m|Jo~m§Ybo Am{U " Mbmo eoJmd' åhUV Mmbbo!

ñdmV§Í` Cn^moJUo BVH§$ gmon Zmhr. CbQ>, Jwbm‘rMr EH$Xm gd` nS>bråhUOo ’$ma gmo`rMr AgVo. Vwåhmbm H$m` Hw$Ur Jwbm~m§À`m dmQ>odê$ZMmbm`bm ~mhoa Zmhr H$mT>bob§? Vwåhmbm ‘mUyg åhUyZ OJm`Mm ’$º$A{YH$ma {Xbm Amho. eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m à{VkoZo BVa ZmJ[aH$m§à‘mUogÝ‘mZmZo Vwåhmbm OJVm òB©b Ag§ åhQ>b§. ‘mUyg åhUyZ OJm`Mm hm ‘mJ©Vwåhmbm Z H$iVm Iwbm Pmbobm Amho. gwI {‘i{dÊ`mÀ`m à`ËZm§Zm AmVmHw$Ur AQ>H$md H$aUma Zmhr. 1942 gmbÀ`m bT>mB©Zo H$Yr dmQ>b§ hmoV§ H$sAmVm ñdmV§Í` {‘iob? Pmb§M H$m` 42 gmbÀ`m Am§XmobZmV? Iao AmH$So>nm{hbo Va nmMn§Mdrg ‘mUg§ Jobr. {~«{Q>e gÎmobm Ë`m‘wio {T>å‘gwÕmYŠH$m bmJbm ZìhVm; nU Xwgè`m ‘hm`wÕmÀ`m Ádmbm gJirH$So> ngaë`mAm{U Ë`m‘Üò B§½b§S> Agm H$mhr nmoiyZ {ZKmbm H$s {h§XwñWmZÀ`m ñdmV§Í`mMm‘mJ© Amnë`mbm ZH$iV ‘moH$im Pmbm. Vg§ Xhm df© AmnU Q>ŠH$a {Xbr VareoVH$è`mMm ñdmV§Í`mMm ‘mJ© BVŠ`mV Iwbm hmoB©b Ag§ dmQ>V ZìhV§; nU


nwéfm§Mm nam^d KmoSo>dmë`m nwéfm§Zr KmoSo>ñdma ~ZyZ, hmVmV Vbdma KoD$ZHo$bm. AmVm ho `wJ g§nb§ Amho Am{U AmnU nwÝhm eyÝ`mH$So> OmV AmhmoV.OoWyZ gwédmV ìhm`bm hdr hmoVr {VWo OmVmo AmhmoV. grVmeoVr grVmeoVråhUOo Z¡g{J©H$ eoVr Zmhr, grVmeoVr åhUOo O¡{dH$ eoVr Zmhr. Amåhr Omo‘mJ© H$mTy> Vmo OwZmQ> nÕVrMm Agob Ago Zmhr. H$Xm{MV AmO emókm§ZmAdJV Zgbobr, H$m°åß`wQ>a Zìho Va gwnaH$m°åß`wQ>a dmnaUmar eoVr AmåhrH$ê$; nU Vr Am‘À`m ~wÕrZo Am{U Am‘À`m à`moJm§Zr Amåhr R>a{dUmaAmhmoV.

`mÀ`mH$[aVm à`moJemim Hw$Ry>Z AmUm`À`m? {dkmZemim Hw$Ry>ZAmUm`À`m? Amnë`mH$So> {dÚmnrR>o ZmhrV, Xhm Xhm hOma én`m§Mm ’w$H$Q>nJma ImD$Z ~gUmar àmÜ`mnH$ Am{U d¡km{ZH$ ‘§S>irhr ZmhrV. hm à`moJAmnë`m eoVmda. Amnë`m Kam‘Üò. Amnë`m nagXmam‘Üò, Xhm ~m` XhmÀ`mbhmZem O{‘Zr‘Üò gJù`m ‘hmamï´>mVë`m eoVH$ar {ó`m H$aVrb. AergrVmeoVrMr H$ënZm Amho.

hm ‘wÔm `mgmR>r ‘m§S>bm H$s Hw$Umhr ‘mUgmÀ`m S>moŠ`m‘Üò Aer H$ënZmòD$ Zò H$s Aao, ’$bmUm ’$bmUm ‘Zwî` {H$Vr {Xdg gm§JVmo Amho H$sZ¡g{J©H$ eoVr H$am. ’$bmUm ’$bmUm ‘Zwî` {H$Vr$ {Xdg gm§JVmo Amho H$sJmo‘yÌmMr Am{U JmB©À`m eoUmMr eoVr H$am Am{U eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zmhr AmVmVoM gm§Jm`bm bmJbr. Ag§ dmømV g‘mYmZ `m ‘§S>itZm H$UâgwÕm Am{UjUâgwÕm {‘iÊ`mM§ H$maU Zmhr.

"‘mOKa eoVr' åhUOo H$maImZXmar Zmhr"‘mOKa eoVr' åhUOo à{H«$òMr eoVr. `m ~m~VrVhr AgmM àH$ma Amho.

hr ‘§S>ir ’$ma ehmUr hmoVr åhUyZ Ë`m§Zr gmaIoMo H$maImZo H$mT>bo, hr‘§S>ir \$ma ehmUr hmoVr åhUyZ Ë`m§Zr gwVmÀ`m {JaÊ`m H$mT>ë`m Am{UAmåhmbm BVHo$ {Xdg AŠH$b ZìhVr åhUyZ Amåhr añË`mda OmV hmoVmoAm{U AmVm m§Mm ehmUnUm nQ>bm åhUyZ Amåhr nwÝhm gmIaoÀ`m H$maImÝ`m§H$So>d gwVmÀ`m {JaÊ`m§H$So> OmVmo AmhmoV Ag§ Zmhr. "‘mOKa eoVr' hr H$ënZmeoVrÀ`m à{H«$`m§g§~§Yr AmOn`©V ‘m§S>ë`m Joboë`m gJù`mM H$ënZm§MmCÀN>oX H$aUmar Amho. Ë`mVbr EH$hr H$ënZm ‘mÝ` Z H$aUmar Amho. `mdaAZoH$ àH$maÀ`m Q>rH$m{Q>ßnÊ`m hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho. Ë`m‘wio OwÝ`mà{H«$`mH$ënZm§Mm WmoS>m AmT>mdm KoUo Amdí`H$ Amho.

n`m©`mbm n`m©` Zmhr. Vwåhr Oa Ag§ åhQ>b§ H$s hr "`w[a`m'Mr eoVr MmbdVamhmb, "EÝS>mogë’$mZ' Mr MmbdV amhmb Va Vo eŠ` Zmhr. `mM§ n{hb§H$maU Ag§ H$s òË`m Xhm dfmªV OJm‘Üò Vwåhmbm nwaob BVH$m "`w[a`m'nwadob BVH§$ noQ´>mob {eëbH$ amhUma Zmhr Am{U Vwåhr "EÝS>mogë’$mZ' ‘mê$Z^mOr {nH$dbr Va Vr ImUmam§Zm H°$Ýga hmoVmo ho {gÕ hmoV Amho. Ë`m‘wio hr^mOrgwÕm nwT>o Hw$Ur ImUma Zmhr. Xþgam _mJ© Amnë`mcm emoYm`cmMbmJUma Amho. Vmo emoYm`Mm H$gm? Ë`mMo AmMaQ> ‘mJ© gm§JUmao nwîH$i{ZKVmhoV. H$mbM EH$m {R>H$mUr Jobmo hmoVmo. Ë`m§À`mH$So> nrH$ MmJ§b§ {ZKV§Agm Ë`m§Mm Xmdm Amho Am{U "A‘Š`m A‘Š`mM§ Ag§ åhUU§ Amho H$sJmo‘yÌmMm dmna Ho$bm Va Mm§Jb§ nrH$ {ZKV§' Ag§ Vo ^{º$^mdmZ§ gm§JVmV.‘r {dMmab§, ""Jmo‘yÌmÀ`m EodOr åherM§ dmnab§ Va Mmbob H$s Zmhr hmo?''nU Ë`m§§M§ A§V…H$aU Jb~bb§. Ë`m§Zm gm§Jm`M§ hmoV§ H$s,""Am‘À`m nyd©Om§ZrJmB©bm n{dÌ ‘mZc§. Ë`mMm `m‘mJ§ AmYma H$mhr Var Amho'' åhUOo,eoVH$è`m§Mr H$m` AmoT>mVmU Mmbbr Amho? Amåhr EH$m ~mOybm `w[a`mgmaImnoQ´>mo{b`‘ nXmW© dmnam ‘hUyZ gm§JUmè`m Xbmbm§À`m hmVyZ gwQy> nmhVmoAmhmoV Va VodT>çmV Amåhmbm ho OwZo Jm`Ìr‘§Ì {eH$dUmao n§{S>V Amnë`mVAmoTy>Z ¿`m`bm nmhV AmhoV Am{U grVmeoVrMm Iam AW© Agm Amho H$s `mOwÝ`m Am{U Zì`m Xbmbm§nmgyZ, XmoKm§nmgyZhr dmMyZ ~wÕrda eoVr H$am`bmeoVH$ar V`ma Pmbm Amho. ho H$m‘ ‘r ‘mÂ`m ~wÕrà‘mUo Hw$Umda gmon{db§Amho? eoVH$è`m§Zm Va Amnbr eoVr H$am`MrM Amho. XaamoOMr eoVrMmbdm`Mr Amho, nmoQ> âm`M§ Amho. grVmeoVrMm {ZîH$f© H$ion`ªV eoVrAmnë`mbm ~§X Zmhr R>odVm òUma. Vo H$m‘ Amnë`mbm MmbyM R>odm`M§ Amho.‘J ho H$m‘ Á`m§Zm AmOn`ªV AmnU gdm©V {Z~©wÕ g‘Obmo, "Ë`m§Zm H$mÀŠH$b, Vw‘Mr AŠH$b MwbrnwT>§' Ag§ åhUyZ {hUdb§ Ë`m ‘hmamï´>mVë`meoVH$ar {ó`m§Zr àm‘w»`mZo nma nmS>md§ Aer ‘r `moOZm Ho$br. Am{U gwédmVË`m§ZrM Ho$br Amho. n{hbr eoVr H$mhr nwéfm§Zr Zmhr Ho$br. n{hbr eoVr{ó`m§Zr Ho$br ZwgË`m H$mQ>Š`m KoD$Z. Ë`m O{‘Zr‘Üò Zm§Ja KmbUo åhUOo^y‘mVobm OI‘r H$aUo Ag§ g‘OV AgV Am{U eoVr H$arV AgV. {ó`m§Zm~mOybm H$ê$Z nwéfm§Zr eoVr hmVmV KoVbr H$maU ~¡bmbm dogU KmbUo Am{U~¡bmZo Zm§Ja AmoTy>Z KoUo hr VmH$X eoVH$ar nwéfmH$So> Ambr. eoVrda n{hbmnam^d {ó`m§Mm Pmbm Am{U ~¡bdmbo nwéf nwT>o Ambo Am{U `m ~¡bdmë`m


àH$maMr `§Ìgm‘J«r nwa{dUmar "Aë’$m bmìhc' `m ZmdmMr gdm©V ‘moR>rH§$nZr Amho. gmo`rgmR>r `m à{H«$`m H$ënZobm AmnU "Aë’$m bmìhc'à{H«$`m åhUy`m. Am_À`m `m à`moJmV "Aë\$m cmìhc' à{H«$`m AmåhrZmH$maVmo AmhmoV.

Xwgam EH$ ‘hÎdmMm ‘wÔm. AmnU H$moUË`m VèhoMr à{H«$`m H$aUma AmhmoV?"Aë’$m bmìhmc'Mr Zmhr. ho gJio H$maImZXma ~mobyZ MmbyZ amOH$maUmVnS>bobo. CKS>M ‘{bXm Im`bm {ZKmbobo. gmIa H$maImZm H$mT>m`bm{ZKmboë`m H$moUmhr ‘mUgmbm {dMmac§ H$s "H$mào, Vy bmoH$m§M§ ^b§ H$aUmaH$m?' Va Vmo Vwåhmbm àm‘m{UH$nUo åhUob, Vw‘Mm {‘Ì Agob Va, "H$mhrVar H$m` {dMmaVm? H$maImZm H$m` bmoH$m§Mm ’$m`Xm H$ê$Z XoÊ`mH$[aVmH$mT>m`Mm AgVmo H$m`?'

Xwgamhr EH$ àH$ma bjmV ¿`m`bm hdm. eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m gwédmVrbm‘hmamï´>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mr ‘wbyI‘¡XmZ Vmo’$ åhUyZ JmObobo lr. ‘mYdamdI§So>amd ‘moao `m§Zr AË`§V àm‘m{UH$nUo qnniJmdbm à{H«$`mjoÌm‘ÜònXmn©U Ho$b§ Am{U ÐmjmnmgyZ e°ånoZ H$mTy>Z naXoemV nmR>{dÊ`mMr `moOZmam~{dbr. `§Ìgm‘J«r hr nwÝhm "Aë’$m bmìhc'Mr Am{U e°ånoZ naXoemV{dH$m`Mr åhUOo gr- WQ>u gmIa H$mTy>Z nmoË`m§‘YyZ {dH$Ê`mBVH$ gmon§Zmhr! Ë`mMr ~mQ>brhr naXoemVbr, Ë`mM§ bo~bhr naXoemVb§, Ë`mM§ ~yMhrnaXoemVb§ AmUmd§ bmJV§. AmVm ‘mYdamdhr åhUy bmJbo H$s Ë`m§ZmgwÕmbmoH$m§Zm ÐmjmMm ^md {H$bmobm Xhm én`mÀ`m da XoVm Ambm Zmhr.

åhUOo ‘moR>§ `§Ì Hw$Ry>Z Var ¿`m`M§, Vo EH$mOmJr C^§ H$am`M§. {VW§H$mhr g§MmbH$ ‘§S>ir Zo‘m`Mr Am{U Ë`mVyZ à{H«$`m H$ê$Z eoVH$è`m§À`m‘mbmbm ^md {‘iob hr H$ënZm AË`§V MwH$sMr, AË`§V ImoQ>r Amho. ‘JZoñbogma»`m Am§Vamï´>r` H§$nÝ`m à{H«$`m H$ê$Z ’$m`Xm H$mT>VmV ho S>m°.Hw$[a`ZM§ åhUU§ MyH$ Amho H$m? Zmhr. `m H§$nÝ`mZm ’$m`Xm hmoVmo ho Ia§Amho nU Ë`mM§ ‘w»` H$maU à{H«$ògmR>r Ë`m dmnaV Agbobr `§Ìgm‘J«rAm{U V§ÌkmZ Ë`m§Zr ñdV…M {dH${gV Ho$bob§ AgV§ ho Amho.

EH$ {Vga§ CXmhaU KoD$. ‘w§~B©bm ZwH$V§M EH$ eoVr‘mbmdarb à{H«$`m§g§~§YràXe©Z Pmb§. {Xëbrbm 15 OmZodmarnmgyZ EH$ Ë`mhÿZ ‘moR>§ àXe©Z Amho.eoVr‘mbmda à{H«$`m H$aUmè`m Á`m {h§XwñWmZmVrb H§$nÝ`m AmhoV Ë`m§Mm‘mb {VW§ R>odbm OmB©b. `m àXe©Zm§V H$m` ‘mb R>odVmV? `wamonmVbm ‘Zwî`

S>m°. Hw$[a`Z `m§Zr Jobo df©â Iyn àMma Mmbdbm Amho H$s XwYmdaà{H«$`m H$aUo- Ë`mM§ AmB©ñH«$s‘ ~ZdUo, lrI§S> ~ZdUo - Aem VèhoMrnadmZJr ZoñbogmaIm Am§Vaamï´>r` H§$nÝ`mZm XoD$ Zò. H$maU H$m`? Ë`m§ZrAg§ åhQ>b§ H$s, Iam ‘{bXm, Iar gm`, Ia§ bmoUr Va AmB©ñH«$s‘ Am{UlrI§S>mV Amho, XyY {dH$Ê`mV Zmhr. "Am°naoeZ âcS>'da qH$dm AmU§XÀ`mSo>Aarda ‘w§~B©bm XyY nwadÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar Amho; Ë`m§Zr XyY nwadm`M§Am{U Zoñbogma»`m H§$nÝ`mZr AmB©ñH«$s‘ ~Zdm`M§, ho MwH$sM§ Amho, AÝ`mæÀmho Aer S>m°. Hw$[a`Z Amamoir R>moH$VmV. BH$So> gyaVMr gw‘yb So>Aar{h§XwñWmZm‘Üò XwYmbm gJù`mV OmñV ^md XoVo. åherÀ`m 6 Q>ŠHo$pñZ½Ym§emÀ`m XwYmbm Xa {bQ>abm 7 énò ^md XoUmar hr {h§XwñWmZmVbrEH$‘od So>Aar Amho. `m gw‘yb So>AarÀ`m AÜ`jm§Zm {dMmab§ H$s, ""VwåhrBVH$m ^md H$gm H$m` XoD$ eH$Vm?'' Vo åhUVmV, ""Amåhr BVH$m ^md XoD$eH$Vmo `mM§ H$maU Amåhr AmB©ñH«$s‘{~ñH«$s‘ ~ZdÊ`mÀ`m ’§$XmV nS>VZmhr, bmoH§$mZm XyY nmOVmo Am{U Ë`mÀ`mVM gJù`mV OmñV ’$m`Xm Amho.''ho JyT> H$m` Amho? EH$m ~mOybm S>m°. Hw$[a`Z åhUVmV H$s à{H«$`m Ho$ë`mZo’$m`Xm OmñV {‘iVmo Am{U gw‘ybMo AÜ`j gm§JVmV à{H«$òÀ`m ’§$XmV ZnS>ë`mZoM ’$m`Xm hmoVmo. `mMm Iam AW© Agm Amho H$s S>m°. Hw$[a`Z H$m`,‘hmamï´>mVbo VmË`mgmho~ H$moao H$m` Am{U JmdmoJmdmMo XyY g‘«mQ> H$m`- `mgJù`m§Mr XwYmda à{H«$`m H$aÊ`mMr H$ënZm H$m` Amho ? gXñ`m§H$Sy>ZeoAa ^m§S>db Jmoim H$aUo, Ë`m eoAa ^m§S>dbmÀ`m AmYmamZo gaH$maH$Sy>ZAmUIr n¡go {‘i{dUo, Vo n¡go ZoD$Z EImÚm H§$nZrg‘moa R>odUo. Ë`m§À`mH$So>`wamon‘Üò qH$dm A‘o[aHo$‘Üò V`ma Pmbobr qH$dm Ë`m nÕVrMr Or H$mhr`§Ìgm‘J«r Agob Vr `§Ìgm‘J«r {dH$V KoUo. Ë`mÀ`mH$[aVm H$moQ>çdYr énòXoUo Am{U Vr H$moQ>çdYr én`m§Mr `§Ìgm‘J«r òD$Z nS>br H$s Ë`mbm EH$‘°ZoqOJ S>màoŠQ>a, B§{O{ZAg©Mr ’$bQ>U bmJVo. Ë`m§Mo nJma R>am{dH$ AgVmV,H$m‘Jmam§Zm nJma Úmdm bmJVmo, ‘Ü`^mJr H$maImÝ`mMr EH$ B‘maV ~m§YmdrbmJVo. Ë`mV g§MmbH$m§M§ EH$ Mm§Jb§ Am°{’$g R>odmd§ bmJV§, Ë`m^modVrJwbm~mÀ`m Mm§Jë`m ~mJm ’w$bdmì`m bmJVmV, Zmaihr dmT>dmdo bmJVmVAm{U BVH$m gJim IM© Pmbm åhUOo D$g {nH$dUmè`m Am{U XÿY V`maH$aUmè`m eoVH$è`mÀ`m hmVr YÎmwamgwÕm òV Zmhr. à{H«$òMr hr H$ënZmeoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m `m à`moJm‘Üò Ë`mÁ` R>adbobr Amho. {h§XwñWmZmV Aem


Oa AmnU BVa Xoem§Vrb bmoH$m§À`m bjmV AmUyZ XoD$ eH$Vmo Va Amnbm‘mb AmnU ’$ma ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda {dHy$ eH$Vmo. nadm ’«$mÝg‘Ybo EH$àmÜ`mnH$ Ambo hmoVo. Ë`m§Zm Amåhr ~mOarMo N>moQ>o amoQ>bo H$ê$Z ImD$ KmVbo.Vo åhUmbo, ""Aem VèhoMo amoQ>bo, Ja‘ Ja‘, Oa O‘©Zr Am{U ’«$mÝg‘Üò{‘im`Mr ì`dñWm Pmbr Va H$moQ>çdYr én`m§Mo ~mOarMo amoQ>bo {VH$So>{dH$Vm òVrb.'' Vwåhr Ë`m§Mm "~«oS> Ë`m§Zm {dH$m`Mm à`ËZ H$ê$ ZH$m.Vw‘Mm ‘mb Vwåhr V`ma H$am`bm hdm. ‘J ho Hw$R>o O‘ob? ho VmË`mgmho~H$moè`m§À`m Hw$dVrVb§ Zmhr; ho S>m°. Hw$[a`ZÀ`m `m Hw$dVrVb§ Zmhr. hoVw‘À`m Am‘À`m KaÀ`m "grVm‘m`m§'À`m Hw$dVrVb§ H$m‘ Amho åhUyZ‘mOKamVbr eoVr Ag§ Ë`mM§ Zmd§ Amho.

AmUIr EH$ CXmhaU nmhÊ`mgmaI§ Amho. nwÊ`m‘Üò EH$m ehmÊ`m‘mUgmZ§ nmoù`m V`ma H$aÊ`mMm ‘moR>m H$maImZm H$mT>bm hmoVm. amoO XmoZbmI nmoù`m ~Zdm`À`m. Ë`m Ë`mZ§ ßbmpñQ>H$À`m {nedrV KmVë`m XwH$mZmV‘m§S>ë`m. {JèhmB©H$sÀ`m hmVr OmD$Z, {nedr CKSy>Z ImB©n`©V VrZ {Xdgm§À`mË`m nmoù`m dmVS> Pmë`m Am{U Vmo H$maImZm ~§X nS>bm. `mÀ`m CbQ>S>m|{~dbrbm EH$m {dYdm ~mB©Z§ S>m|{~dbr ñQ>oeZÀ`m ~mhoa EH$ N>moQ>rerOmJm KoD$Z S>ã`mV VmÁ`m nmoù`m Am{U VmOr ^mOr KoD$Z ñdV… C^ram{hbr. bmoH$b JmS>r nH$S>m`bm Oo nwéf OmV, Ë`m§À`mn¡H$s Á`m§Zm Hw$Umbm$Kê$Z H$mhr H$maUmZ§ S>~m AmUVm Ambm Zgob Ë`mZ§ {VW§ `m`M§ Am{U Ë`m~mB©H$Sy>Z XmoZ-VrZ MnmË`m Am{U ^mOr-MQ>Ur-bmoUM§ ¿`m`M§ Am{U n¡goÚm`Mo. XaamoO gH$mir VmOr ^mOr. VmOr MnmVr {‘iy eH$Vo ho nm{hë`mZ§VañQ>oeZda Ë`m OmJr, Ë`m {dYdm ~mB©Zo Mmby Ho$boë`m H$m‘mÀ`m {VWo Mmirg‘mUg§ Ho$di S>~o âÊ`mgmR>r ZmoH$arbm bmJbo AmhoV. MwH$sM§ H|$ÐrH$aUHo$b§ åhUOo Ë`mMm nwÊ`mMm MnmË`mMm H$maImZm hmoVmo. AmnU CËnmXZH$aVmZm MwH$sM§ Ho§$ÐrH$aU Ho$b§ Va Vg§M IÈ>çmV OmD$. g‘Om Amnë`mH$S>À`mEImÚm J¥{hUrbm gm~wXmUm dSo> Mm§Jbo ~ZdVm òVmV. Va {VZ§ Ag§ R>adb§H$s ânya gm~yXmUm dSo> V`ma H$am`Mo, {neì`mV âm`Mo Am{U M§X>rJT>bmÝ`m`Mo Va Vo Zmhr O‘Uma; nU {VÀ`m gm~yXmUm dS>çmMm EH$ ’$må`w©bmAmnU H$ê$ eH$Vmo. ~maH$mB©Zo gyMZm XoD$Z - Ë`mV gm~yXmUm {H$Vr Agbmnm{hOo, ~Q>mQ>o {H$Vr Agbo nm{hOoV, XmUo {H$Vr Agbo nm{hOoV, ‘rR> {H$Vrà‘mUmV -Ë`mMà‘mUo dSo> ~Z{dÊ`mÀ`m eŠ`Vm doJdoJù`m {R>H$mUr V`ma

Á`m VèhoMm O°‘ ImVmo Ë`m VèhoMm O°‘, Vmo Á`m VèhoMm ’$im§Mm agAmdS>rZo {nVmo Ë`m VèhoMm ag ~mQ>ë`m§‘Üò âbobm. `wamonr` bmoH$m§À`mImÊ`mÀ`m nÕVr‘Üò Oo H$mhr nXmW© ~gVmV Vo nXmW© Amåhr {h§XwñWmZm‘ÜòË`m§Zr V`ma Ho$bobr `§Ì AmUyZ qH$dm Ë`m nÕVrMr `§Ìo H$ê$Z Vo nXmW©Ë`m§Zm {dH$m`Mm à`ËZ H$aVmo ho eŠ` Zmhr. Ë`m§À`mnojm Mm§Jb§ O°‘ Vwåhr~Z{dUo eŠ` Zmhr. Ë`m§Zr {Xbobr `§Ìgm‘wJ«r AmUyZ Vwåhr "e°ånoZ' Mr’°$ŠQ>ar ~ZdbrV AJXr AË`mYw{ZH$ `§Ìgm‘J«r AmUyZ ~ZdbrV, Var {VH$So>Ë`mnojm A{YH$ AmYw{ZH$ `Ì§gm‘J«r V`ma hmoV amhUma. ‘J Vw‘Mr ’°$ŠQ>arOwZr hmoD$Z OmUma. ‘J àíZ òVmo H$s OJm‘Üò gdm©V AmYr AË`mYw{ZH$V§ÌkmZ Vwåhr V`ma H$amb Aer VmH$X Amho H$m? ‘wirM Zmhr. CbQ> Ë`m§ZrAmUbob§ AmUIr ZdrZ V§ÌkmZ g‘Om`MrgwÕm VmH$X Zmhr Aem nmÌVoMoAmåhr. åhUOo Amåhr V§ÌkmZmÀ`m ~m~VrV {Xdog|o{Xdg A{YH$ AS>mUr hmoVOmVmo AmhmoV. à{H«$`meoVr åhUOo "‘mOKa eoVr'‘Üò `mbm dmd Zmhr.

nXmW© H$gm V`ma H$am`Mm ? e°ånoZ Mm§Jbr åhUOo H$er AgVo?~Q>mQ>çmMm gmYm EH$ {Mn², EH$ do’$a V`ma H$am`Mm Va Vmo Mm§Jbm H$gm’w$bVmo Mm§Jbm H$gm a§JVmo, MdrZo Mm§Jbm H$gm hmoVmo, `mMr OmUrd V`maH$aUmambm H$er Pmbr nm{hOo? {h§XwñWmZmV EH$M CXmhaU XoÊ`mgmaI§Amho. ‘moQ>maÀ`m J°aoO‘Ybm {‘ór `m Ñï>rZo AmXamg AË`§V nmÌ Agm ‘mUygAmho. Ë`mÀ`mH$So> ‘yiMm nmQ>© Zgbm Var Mmbob, "CëhmgZJa'Mm nmQ>©Zgbm Var Mmbob; H$moUVrhr EImXr bmoI§S>mMr Zir KoD$Z EImXr nÅ>rKoD$Z, ~m§YyZ Vw‘Mr JmS>r nmMn§Yam {H$bmo‘rQ>an`ªV Mmbob EdT>r Varì`dñWm Vmo H$ê$ eH$Vmo. `mM§ H$maU, ‘moQ>marÀ`m B§{OZMr Am{U Ë`mMrXmoñVr Pmbobr AgVo. hr XmoñVr ~Q>mQ>çmMm do’$a ~ZdUmè`m J¥{hUrMr Am{UË`m do’$aMr hmoD$ eH$Vo. "Aë’$m bmìhmc'M§ `§Ì AmUyZ gmIa V`ma Ho$brqH$dm AmB©ñH«$s‘ V`ma Ho$b§ qH$dm e°ånoZ V`ma Ho$br Va H$maImZXmamMrAm{U Ë`m ‘mbmMr Aer XmoñVr hmoD$ eH$V Zmhr Am{U hr {OW§ XmoñVr hmoVZmhr {VW§ à{H«$`mhr èñdr hmoD$ eH$V Zmhr. ‘mOKa eoVr åhUyZ à{H«$`mH$aVmZm Amåhr H$m` {dH$Uma AmhmoV? O°‘ ~ZdyZ Zmhr {dH$Uma. Vwåhr ’«|$M‘Zwî` "H«o$n' V`ma H$aVmo åhUyZ Ë`mMo H«o$n V`ma H$ê$Z Ë`mcm {dH$m`bmOmb Va Vmo åhUob `mbm H$mhr O‘b§ Zmhr ’$mag§. Vo eŠ`hr hmoUma Zmhr.Amnë`mH$So>hr H$mhr nXmW© AmhoV. Vo nXmW© V`ma Ho$ë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Mr Iw‘mar


nU Vwåhr Oa gm§{JVb§ H$s eoVH$è`m§Zr Ë`m§Zm Oo H$mhr IaoXr H$am`bm bmJVAgob- ‘rR>{‘aMr H$mnS>MmoS-> Vo eoVH$è`m§À`m XwH$mZm§VyZM IaoXr H$amd§Am{U Ë`m§Zm Omo ‘mb {dH$m`bm Vmo eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m ‘mOKa eoVr,ì`mnma eoVr, {Z`m©V eoVr `m ‘mJm©VyZ {dH$bm Va Ë`m§Zm ’$m`Xm {‘iUmaAmho Am{U ho Oa EH$Xm eoVH$è`m§Zm ñnï> Pmc§ Va eoVH$è`m§À`m gX²^mdZmVw‘À`mBVŠ`m Xwgè`m Hw$UmÀ`mhr nmR>rer AgUma ZmhrV. `mMm ’$m`Xm¿`m`Mm qH$dm Zmhr ho AmVm ñdV§Ì Pmboë`m eoVH$è`m§Zr R>adm`Mo Amho.

~XbmMr g§Yr àW‘M Ambr`mMm AW© Agm Zmhr H$s AmVm eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm {Oëøm-{OëømV

"npãbH$ {b{‘Q>oS> H§$nÝ`m' CKS>Uma. Agm J¡ag‘O Hw$UmMm hmoD$ Zò.eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm hr H$Yrhr ì`mnmar g§KQ>Zm hmoUma Zmhr. eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm hrAm§XmobH$ g§KQ>ZmM Amho. Amåhr eoVH$è`m§Zm gm§JVmo AmhmoV H$s VwåhrñdV§Ì Pmbm AmhmV. AmVm OÝ‘V… ñdV§Ì AgVmV Va Oo Ho$b§ AgV§ VoMH$am`bm bmJm Am{U Oa Am‘À`m Ag§ bjmV Amb H$s `m ñdmV§Í`mda nwÝhmHw$Ur {JYmS> Kmbm KmbrV AmhoV ‘J Vr OmVr`dmXr AgmoV H$m {~JaOmVr`dmXr AgmoV Ë`m ZmR>mim§À`m ‘mWr H$mR>r KmbU§ hoM eoVH$arg§KQ>ZoMm Omo nmB©H$, Omo AmYma Vmo eoVH$ar AmVm {Zìdi é‘U§ KoD$Z,~¡bmgmaIr OwdmÀ`mImbr ‘mZ KmbyZ Oa MmbV am{hbm Va Ë`mMr bT>mB©AmVm qOH$br OmD$ eH$V Zmhr. AmVm Vw‘À`m nm`mÀ`m nÅ>çm H$mT>U§An[ahm`© Amho Vwåhmbm nm`mda Cô amhmU§ An[ahm`© Amho. Vw‘À`m nm`mVaº$ Ioiy bmJë`mZ§Va Agø doXZm hmoUma AmhoV. nU ‘mUyg åhUyZOJÊ`mMr `m doXZm hr {H§$_V Amho.

eoJmdÀ`m OmhraZmå`mVrb MVwa§J eoVrÀ`m H$m`©H«$‘mMm g{dñVa AW©Agm Amho. ñdV§Ì Pmbobm eoVH$ar AmVm Amnë`m àíZm§Mr CH$b H$erH$arb ho AmO H$moUmbmhr ZŠH$s gm§JUo H$R>rU Amho; nU Vr Vmo H$er H$ê$eHo$b `mgmR>r grVmeoVr, ‘mOKa eoVr, ì`mnma eoVr Am{U {Z`m©V eoVr `mMma à`moJemim AmhoV. Amnë`mbm YS>nS>V Mmbmd§ bmJUma Amho. H$mhrdoim AmnU nSy>, H$mhr doim MwH$m H$ê$. H$Xm{MV ImoQ> ImD$Z Kar~gÊ`mMrgwÕm doi òB©b. {XdmiImoa Va Vgo AmnU Jwbm‘{JarVhr PmbmohmoVmo. {XdmiImoaM ìhm`M§ Z{e~r Agob Va ñdmV§Í`mVrb {XdmiImoarMm

Ho$ë`m Am{U doJù`m {R>H$mUr VmOm ‘mb nmohmoM{dÊ`mMr ì`dñWm Ho$br VaVr `moOZm ~amo~a hmoB©b.

`mMm AW© H$m`? Amåhr H$mhr "VmË`mgmho~ H$moao' {H$dm "S>m°. Hw$[a`Z'À`m ‘mJm©Zo Om`bm {ZKmbmo Zmhr. CbQ>, `m Am{U Ë`m§À`mgma»`m AZoH$g‘«mQ>m§Zr XmI{dboë`m à{H«$òÀ`m gJù`m ‘mJmªMm CÀN>oX H$aÊ`mH$[aVm hmñdV§Ì Pmbobm eoVH$ar òVmo Amho.

ì`mnmamMo doJio ‘mJ©~mOmanoR> V`ma H$amdr bmJob, ì`mnma H$amdm bmJob. Ë`mMo doJdoJio

‘mJ© H$mT>mdo bmJVrb Am{U Vwåhr Zmhr H$mT>b§ VargwÕm ho Hw$UrVar H$mT>UmaAmho. `m {df`mda {ZU©` ~¡R>H$sV hmoV ZmhrV. {ZU`© KoUmao AmnmoAmn {ZU©`KoUma AmhoV.

à{H«$`m§H$[aVm {Oëøm-{Oëøm§‘Üò àm`ìhoQ> {b{‘Q>oS> H§$nZr H$mT>UohoM AmVm ñdV§Ì Pmboë`m eoVH$è`m§À`m Ñï>rZo g§`w{º$H$ R>aVo. ghH$marg§ñWm ZH$mo, ZmdmbmgwÕm ghH$mar ZH$mo. Ë`m ZmdmMo gaH$maH$Sy>Z ^m§S>dbC^maÊ`mV ‘XV hmoVo Agbr VargwÕm Vr Amåhmbm ZH$mo. ‘mUyg åhUyZOJÊ`mMm Omo A{YH$ma Amåhr {‘idbm Vmo ^m§S>db{Z{‘©Vr ‘Ybm WmoS>mgm’$m`Xm gaH$maH$Sy>Z {‘idÊ`mnmoQ>r {dH$Ê`mH$[aVm Zmhr. Ë`mMm Omo H$mhrVmoQ>m Amho Vmo Amåhr ghZ H$ê$. eodQ>r ì`mnmar ’$m`Xm H$mT>VmV Ë`m§Zm VaH$mhr ghH$mar ^m§S>db {Z{‘©Vr‘Ybr ‘XV {‘iV Zmhr Zm? Var Vo ’$m`ÚmZoì`mnma H$aVmV Zm? Am{U gaH$mar g§ñWm§Zm m§S>db{Z{‘©VrVrb ‘XV {‘iyZgwÕmgJù`m ghH$mar g§ñWm VmoQ>çmVM Mmbë`mV Zm? ‘J H$emH$aVm Ë`m’$mgmV Amnbm Jim AS>H$dm`Mm? à{H«$òH$aVm {Oëhmdma "àm`ìhoQ> {b{‘Q>oS>'H§$nÝ`m H$mT>Vm oVrb. ì`mnmamH$[aVmhr Vem H$§nÝ`m H$mT>Vm oVrb. gwédmVrbmXhm Xhm hOma énò XoUmar nÞmg ‘mUgo Oar àËòH$ {OëømV C^r am{hbrVar H$m‘ gwê$ hmoD$ eHo$b. Ë`mÀ`m nwT>M§ ^m§S>db Ë`mV Omo ’$m`Xm hmoB©bË`mVyZ C^§ H$aVm òB©b Am{U gJù`m ‘hmamï´>mVë`m `m "àm`ìhoQ> {b{‘Q>oS>H§$nÝ`m§Mr' {‘iyZ EH$ ‘moR>r "npãbH$ {b{‘Q>oS> H§$nZr'gwÕm V`ma H$aVmòB©b.

eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m Am{W©H$ H$m`©H«$‘mda eoVH$è`mMm àM§S> {dœmgAmho. Vo Vwåhmbm ‘V§ XoV ZgVrb, ‘V§ XoÊ`mMm Ë`m§Mm {hemo~ doJim Amho;


Mma

IVm§À¶m ^mddmT>r~m~V

Am°JñQ> ‘{hÝ`mV eodQ>r H|$Ð emgZmZo ñ’w$aX Am{U nmbme IVm§darbgd© {Z`§ÌUo aÔ Ho$br Am{U Ho$di `w[a`mda {Z`§ÌU Mmby R>odyZ Ë`mMr{H$_V 10 Q>Š`m§Zr H$‘r Ho$br. n[aUm‘r ñ’w$aX IVm§À`m {H$‘Vr XwnQ>rZodmT>ë`m Va nmbme IVm§À`m {H$‘Vr Ë`mhrnojm OmñV ^S>H$ë`m.

`m {H§$_VdmT>r‘wio OmJmoOmJr eoVH$è`m§V Ag§Vmof {Z‘m©U ìhmdm hogmh{OH$ Amho. eoVH$ar, qH$~hþZm Á`m§Zr eoVH$ar Am§XmobZmMm Xwñdmg Ho$bmAgo VmbwH$m nwT>mar "eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm AmVm H$m` H$aVo Amho?' AerAmaS>mAmoaS> H$ê$ bmJbo AmhoV. Á`m emgZmZo ho {ZU©` KoVbo Ë`mMemgZmVbo g§ajU ‘§Ìr, J¥h‘§Ìr ‘hmamï´>mV Ambo åhUOo Ë`m§À`mg‘moa hmàíZ CR>dÊ`mMr H$moUr {h§‘V Ho$br Zmhr; nU eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo d eaXOmoetZr ‘mÌ hm àíZ CR>dbm nm{hOo, Amdí`H$ Va Am§XmobZ Ho$bo nm{hOoAgm H$ëbmoi hmoV Amho. OiJm§d, gm§Jbr, H$moëhmnya, Zm{eH$ BË`mXr{Oëøm§Vrb g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm `m gJù`m àH$mamMm ~amM Ìmg hmoD$bmJbm Amho. EH$ dfm©nydu N>moQ>o eoVH$ar gmoS>Vm BVam§gmR>r daIVm§À`m^mdmV 30 Q>ŠŠ`m§Zr dmT> H$aÊ`mV Ambr. Ë`mZ§Va, nwÝhm EH$Xm hr ^mddmT>.Am{U gd© H$m`©H$Ëæmm§Zm ñnï> hmoUo Amdí`H$ Amho.

g§KQ>ZoMr `m {df`mdarb ^y{‘H$m H$m` Amho?1) gyQ> g~{gS>rÀ`m AW©H$maUmbm g§KQ>ZoMm {damoY Amho. daIVm§darb

g~{gS>r eoVH$è`mbm {‘iV ZìhVr. {VMm ’$m`Xm IV H$maImZo, Ë`m§ZmH$ƒm ‘mb nwadUmao Am{U eoVr‘mbmMo gd© J«mhH$ `m§Zm hmoVmo. g~{gS>rÀ`m^mdmV IVo KoD$Zhr eoVH$è`m§Mm CËnmXZIM© ^ê$Z {ZKV Zgob Va `mg~{gS>rMm bm^ eoVH$è`mbm Zmhr ho CKS> Amho. IVmdarb g~{gS>r aÔ

AZw^d ¿`m`bm Vwåhmbm {‘iUma Amho EdT>mM Iam eoJmdÀ`m OmhraZmå`mMmAW© Amho.

Amnë`mbm eoVH$è`m§M§ Amnë`m ‘ZmVb§ {MÌ nmbQ>U§ Amdí`H$ Amho.Oa H$m eoVH$è`m§Mr Xwí‘Zr H$aUma§ gaH$ma ZgV§ Va AmnU AmO Á`màH$maMo eoVH$ar Pmbmo AmhmoV, Hw$U~mD$ eoVH$ar, Vgo am{hbm ZgVmo. BW§Hw$U~mD$ hm Om{VdmMH$ eãX åhUyZ dmnabm Zmhr Va ‘amR>r eãXH$moemVrbË`mMm AW© ‘mÂ`m ‘ZmV Amho. AmnU grVmeoVr H$aUmao, ì`mnma H$aUmao,{Z`m©V H$aUmao eoVH$ar Eadrhr ~Zbmo AgVmo. hOma XmoZ hOma df} AmUIrH$moUmÀ`mVar OmoIS>mImbr ‘mZ KmbyZ Amåhr ’w$H$Q> Kmb{dUma Zmhr,ñdV§Ì añVm emoYyZ Am‘À`m Ë`m ñdV§Ì añË`mZo OmUma AmhmoV hm IameoJmdÀ`m OmhraZmå`mMm AW© Amho.

(dYm© `oWo 15,16,17 {S>g|~a 1991 amoOr eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m ‘hmamï´>^aÀ`m à‘wI

H$m`©H$Ë`mªÀ`m ~¡R>H$sV lr. eaX OmoetZr Ho$coco ^mfU)

(eoVH$ar g§KQ>H$, 21 {S>g|~a 1991)


‘mJo ¿`mdrV Aer Ë`m§Mr ‘mJUr Amho. Va eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMr ^y{‘H$m `mÀ`mZo‘H$s CbQ> Amho. åhUOo, g~{gS>r g§ndmdr, {Z`§ÌU CR>dmdr, daIVm§À`m{H$‘Vr Iwë`m ~mOmamV R>ê$ Úmì`m, gaH$mar YmoaUmMr {Xem `mo½` Amho; nUË`m§Mr A§‘b~OmdUr A{YH$ JVrZo Am{U VH©$ewÕVoZo ìhmdr Aer g§KQ>ZoMr^y{‘H$m Amho. WmoS>Š`mV, g§KQ>ZoMo Q>rH$mH$ma gaH$mabm åhUVmV ‘mJo hQ>m,g§KQ>Zm gaH$mabm åhUVo A{YH$ doJmZo nwT>o Mbm.

daIVm§Mo gJioM AW©H$maU Am{U amOH$maU AË`§V pŠbï> Am{UJwww§VmJw§VrMo Amho. Ë`mMm gJim B{Vhmg- yJmob Am{U AW©emó ‘m§S>Ê`mH$[aVmà~§Y {bhmdo bmJVrb, Vo òWo H$mhr eŠ` Zmhr. {VWo H$mhr ‘hÎdmÀ`m‘wÔçm§MmM nam‘e© KoVm òB©b.

Amnë`m XoeVrb daIVm§Mm dmna, daIVm§Mm nwadR>m d Ë`m§À`m {H$‘Vr`m§Mm gImob Aä`mg Ho$bm Va H$m` {XgVo?

eoVrdarb n[aUm‘AH$m`©j‘ H$maImZo, ^«ï>mMma, ‘hmJS>r daIVo Am{U da eoVH$è`mda

^bo CnH$ma H$aV Agë`mMm Amd Aer hr gÜ`mMr ì`dñWm Amho, eoVH$è`m§ZmdaIVm§À`m dmnamMr MQ>H$ bmJbr Ë`m~amo~a g§H$[aV Am{U BVa {dH$VMo{~`mUo Vmo òD$ bmJbm. gwadmVrÀ`m H$maimV CËnmXZ Mm§Jbr dmT>hr Pmbr.Xoe VWmH${WV ñd`§nyU©VoÀ`m Amgnmg nmoMbm. CËnmXZmÀ`m `m dmT>rMo ‘moR>olo` daIVm§‘wio Pmboë`m CËnmXH$Vobm Zmhr. daIVo CnbãY Pmë`m‘wionyduMr nmirnmirZo dmdao nS>rV R>odÊ`mMr d Ë`mVyZ O¡{dH$ IVo V`ma H$ê$ZKoÊ`mMr nÕV ‘mJo nS>br Am{U gJio eoVH$ar gagH$Q> gJir O‘rZ àËòH$dfu Am{U àËòH$ h§Jm‘mV dmnamV AmUÊ`mMm eŠ`Vmo à`ËZ H$ê$ bmJbo.daIVm§‘wio A{YH$ O‘rZ bmJdS>rImbr Ambr Am{U CËnmXZ dmT>bo.

`mCbQ> daIVm§Mm ‘moR>m dmna H$aUmè`m nmMghm amÁ`m§V Jhÿ, ^mV Am{UD$g `m§Mo CËnmXZ Aem nmVirg nmoMbo H$s 1975-76 À`m gw‘mamgCËnmXZ dmT>dë`mZo n¡emVrb CËnÞ H$‘r hmoVo Aer ì`ñV n[apñWVr {Z‘m©UPmbr.

daIVm§À`m ghO CnbãYr‘wio AmUIr ^`mZH$ Xwîn[aUm‘ KS>bm Amho.amgm`{ZH$ eoVrbm n`m©`r V§ÌkmZ Cô H$aÊ`mH$So> gd©ñdr Xwb©j Pmbo Am{UCÚm noQ´>mo{b`‘ nXmWm©Mm nwadR>m H$‘r qH$dm ~§X nS>bm Va eoVr H$am`MrH$er `m àíZmMo g‘n©H$ Am{U ì`mnH$ CÎma H$moUrM XoD$ eH$V Zmhr.

Pmbr nm{hOo Am{U `m ê$nmZo emgH$s` {VOmoarMr hmoUmar byQ> Wm§~br nm{hOohr g§KQ>ZoMr ñnï> y{‘H$m Amho. Zaqgh amd gaH$maZo g~{gS>r H$‘r H$aÊ`mÀ`mÑï>rZo nmD$b nwT>o Q>mH$bo; nU Vo AY©dQ> Q>mH$bo Am{U AmVm H$mT>Vm nm`KoD$Z Vo nwÝhm EH$Xm OwÝ`m ì`dñWoH$So> OmV Amho, `mbm g§KQ>ZoMm {damoYAmho.

`w[a`mdarb g~{gS>r dmT>dyZ Ë`mMr {H$_V 10 Q>ŠŠ`m§Zr H$‘r Ho$br`mbmhr g§KQ>ZoMm {damoY Amho. Iwë`m ~mOmanoR>oMo VÎdkmZ g§KQ>ZoZo ‘m§S>boAmho, emgZmZohr Ë`mbm VÎdV… ‘mÝ`Vm {Xbr Amho, eoVrÀ`m joÌmV Ë`mbmAndmX Ho$ë`m‘wio {dnarV n[aUm‘ hmoVrb.

`w[a`m ñdñV Am{U BVa IVo ‘hmJ Aem YmoaUmZo daIVm§À`m dmnamVrbg§VwbZ {~KSo>b. Ho$di `w[a`mM dmnaÊ`mH$So> eoVH$è`m§Mm H$b hmoB©b dO{‘ZrMo ZwH$gmZ hmoB©b.

`mIoarO, IVm§À`m ^mdmÀ`m ~m~VrV N>moQ>o‘moR>o eoVH$ar hm gaH$maZoHo$boë`m oX^md {ZaW©H$ Amho. ~hþVoH$ amÁ`m§V emgZmZo Vmo A‘bmV AmUbobmMZmhr Am{U AmVm ñ’w$aX, nmbme IVm§darb gd© {Z`§ÌU H$mT>ë`mZ§Va `môX^mdmbm ’$magm H$mhr AW© amhV Zmhr.. Voìhm daIVm§Mr Xwhoar {H$‘VrMrnÕV aÔ H$amdr.

eoVr‘mbmbm amñV {H$_V {‘imbr nm{hOo hm eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMm AmJ«hH$m`‘ am{hbm Amho, nU Ë`mgmR>r eoVrV bmJUmè`m dñVy§À`m {H$‘Vr H¥${Ì‘arË`mH$‘r H$amì`mV Aer ^y{‘H$m g§KQ>ZoZo H$Yrhr KoVbr Zmhr. `w[a`mMm ^mddmT>dm`Mm Amho dmT>dm, {dOoMm Xa MT>dm`Mm Amho MT>dm, eoVr‘mbmMmCËnmXZIM© H$mT>VmZm `m MT>Ë`m {H$_Vr {heo~mV ¿`m åhUOo Pmbo Aerg§KQ>ZoMr H$m`‘Mr ^y{‘H$m Amho. Joë`m dfm©V dmT>boë`m {H$‘Vr 1992-93À`m Iarn {nH$m§À`m AmYma^yV {H$‘Vr {heo~mV KoVë`m Joë`m ZmhrV Ag§,åhUm`bm AmO Var OmJm {XgV Zmhr. Omon`ªV ~hþVoH$ AW©ì`dñWm IwbrhmoV Zmhr Vmon`ªV AmYma^yV {H$‘VrÀ`m ì`dñWobm YmÝ` amhUmaM Amho.eoVrÀ`m {Z{dð>m§À`m {H$‘Vr Ë`mV nyU©nUo Yaë`m OmUo AmO ‘hÎdmMo Amho.CÚm Xoem§VJ©V Am{U naXoer ì`mnma Iwbm Pmbm Va ‘J `m gJù`m{heo~mbm H$mhr CaUma Zmhr, hohr {VVHo$M Iao Amho.

WmoS>Š`mV, g§KQ>ZoMo Q>rH$mH$ma g~{gS>r ~mT>mdr, {Z`§ÌU dmT>mdr Am{UIVm§À`m {H$‘Vr CVamì`mV Aem ‘VmMo AmhoV. gaH$maZo CMbobr nmdbo


nmM

IVo Am{U ImVoao

’o$~w«dmar 1997 À`m eodQ>À`m AmR>dS>çmV H|$Ð emgZmZo `w[a`mMr{H§$_V 10 Q>ŠŠ`m§Zr dmT>dbr H$m Va åhUo, doJdoJù`m amgm`{ZH$ IVm§À`mdmnamV g§VwbZ AmUmdo. `w[a`mÀ`m {H$‘VrVrb dmT>r‘wio eoVH$ar ’$m°ñ’o$Q>(P)`wº$ Am{U nmoQ>°{e`‘(K)`wº$ I§VmÀ`m dmnamH$So> A{YH$ diVrb AerAnojm!

AOyZ ‘{hZmhr Zmhr CbQ>bm, emgZmZo `w[a`mdarb g~{gS>rMm AmT>mdmKoÊ`mgmR>r EH$ Cƒ{YH$ma g{‘Vr ñWmnZ Ho$br. ‘§Ìmb`mÀ`m V~oë`mVrb»`mVZm‘ AW©VÁk S>m°. gr. EM. hZw‘§Vamd ho Ë`m g{‘VrMo AÜ`j AgyZ`m g{‘VrZo ghm ‘{hÝ`m§À`m AmV Amnbm Ahdmb gmXa H$amd`mMm hmoVm,`m g{‘VrMm Ahdmb hmVr nS>Ê`mMr dmQ> Z nmhVm `w[a`mÀ`m {H$‘VrV dmT>H$aÊ`mMr {ZH$S> H$m dmQ>br ho H$mhr H$ibo Zmhr.

IVm§darb g~{gS>r Am{U IVm§À`m à{VYmaU - retention (à{VYmaU{H§$_V = renetion price = IV {dH«$sgmR>r H$maImÝ`m~mhoa `oB©n`ªV AmbobmEHy$U IM© = CËnmXZIM© + gmR>dUyH$ + ì`mO BË`mXr.) {H$‘VrMr nÕVr`m~Ôb ~aoM H$mhr {b{hbo Am{U ~mobbo Jobo Amho. H|$ÐmÀ`m I{OÝ`mVyZ"IVm§darb g~{gS>r' `m ZmdmImbr Vmo H$mhr àM§S> IM© Ho$bm OmVmo Ë`m§À`meoVH$è`m§Zm H$mhrM bm^ {‘iV Zmhr ho AmVm gd©MOU ‘mÝ` H$ê$ bmJboAmhoV. dmñVdmV, Xoem§VJ©V IVm§À`m {H$‘Vr n¡emÀ`m ê$nmV Am{U à{V{H$bmo^mV qH$dm Jhÿ `m§À`m ê$nmVhr eoOmar Xoem§À`m VwbZoZo ’$maM OmñV AmhoV.g~{gS>rMm Iam ’$m`Xm, Jw§VdUyH$ {Ji§H¥$V H$ê$Z CËnmXZIMm©À`m 16Q>ŠHo$ h‘Img Zâ`mda S>moim R>odyZ CËnmXZIM© AdmÀ`mgìdm dmT>dyZ gm§JUmè`mIVH$maImZXmam§ZmM Pmbm. EHo$H$m H$maImÝ`mMr OmJm. Ë`mVrb V§ÌkmZ

IV nwadR>çmÀ`m EHy$U ì`dñWoVrb XbXb g§ndUo, `m ì`dñWoMmgaH$mar {VOmoardarb ~moOm H$mTy>Z Q>mH$Uo, eoVr‘mbmbm amñV ^md {‘idyZXoUo Am{U XyadaÀ`m ^{dî`mV noQ´>mo{b`‘ nXmW©mÀ`m A^mdmVhr ñd`§^y eoVrhmoD$ eHo$b `m C{Ôï>m§gmR>r H$mhr VmVS>rÀ`m Cnm``moOZm Amdí`H$ Amho.

1) H$maImÝ`m§Vrb J¡aH$ma^ma Xya H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$maImÝ`m§Zm ~mOmanoR>VrbñnY}bm Vm|S> Úmd`mg bmdbo nm{hOo. Ë`mgmR>r gd© {Z`§ÌU Xya Ho$brnm{hOoV.

2) {Z`§ÌU Xya H$aUo `mMm n[aUm‘ Xoer daIVm§À`m ~m~VrÀ`m Var{H$‘Vr ^S>H$Ê`mV hmoB©b Ago ‘wirM Zìho. bjUo Aer {XgVmV H$s {Z`§ÌUH$mTy>Z KoVë`mg ^md àË`jmV Imbr `oVrb.

3) ^md CVamoV qH$dm ^S>H$moV daIVm§À`m Z¡g{J©H$ {H$‘Vr bjmV KoD$ZeoVH$è`m§Zr daIVo dmnam`Mr qH$dm Zmhr. {H$Vr dmnam`Mr Am{U H$m`à‘mUmV dmnam`Mr Ë`mMm {ZU©` KoVbm nm{hOo. daIVo ‘hmJ Pmbr VaAmnbm eoVO{‘ZrVrb EH$m {híí`mMm dmna n`m©`r IVo eoVmda V`maH$aÊ`mH$[aVm Ho$bm nm{hOo, VgoM, Jhÿ, mV, D$g mgmaIr, daIVo AmoanUmar{nHo$ KoÊ`m~Ôb ’o$a{dMma Ho$bm nm{hOo VaM CÚmÀ`m noQ´>mo{c`‘{da{hVOJmbm Vm|S> XoÊ`mMr eoVH$è`m§Mr V`mar hmoD$ eHo$b.

`m gJù`m nmœ©^y‘rda eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo H|$Ð emgZmÀ`m Iwë`m YmoaUmbmnmqR>~m {Xbm Amho. Ë`m gaH$maMo nm` AmO S>J‘Jy bmJbo AmhoV. eoVrMoAW©H$maU Á`m§Zm H$Yr g‘OboM Zmhr Ago g§{YgmYy H$mhrhr hmH$mQ>r H$amoV,g§KQ>ZoMr ^y{‘H$m AJXr ñnï> Am{U ewÕ Amho.

(eoVH$ar g§KQ>H$, 21 gßQ>|~a 1992)


n`m©daUdmXr "amgm`{ZH$' eoVrbm PmoS>nÊ`mgmR>r O{‘ZrÀ`m Imbmdboë`mnmoVmÀ`m ~m~VrV àM§S> AmH$So>dmar Jmoim H$arV; nU Vo H$aVmZm Amnë`mXoemVrb O{‘ZrV ânya IVo dmnabr ZgyZ Or IVo dmnabr Ë`mVrbnmofUÐì`m§Mo (N.P.K.)A`mo½` JwUmoÎma Amho `m Jmoï>rH$So> Vo gmo`rñH$anUoH$mUm S>moim H$aVmZm. IVm§Mm Ë`m§À`mVrb nmofUÐì`m§À`m à‘mUmZwgma H$gmdmna H$amdm hm IaoVa eoVH$è`mÀ`m AIË`marVbm {df`, emgZmZo `w[a`mÀ`m^mddmT>rÀ`m H¥$VrZo CJrMM `m {df`mV ZmH$ Iwngbo Amho.

gaH$maÀ`m `m "Aì`mnmaofw ì`mnmam'Zo 1990 n`ªVM `m g‘ñòMo ñdê$n~aoM J§^ra ~Zbo hmoVo. H¥${fV§ÌmÀ`m ~m~VrV {dH${gV Xoem§‘Üò ZÌ(N),ñ’w$aX(P), nmbme(K) `m nmofUÐì`m§Mr 4…2…1 `m à‘mUmV {e’$mag Ho$brOmVo. ^maVmV hoM à‘mU 6…2…5…1 Ago Amho.

Am°JñQ> 1991 À`m eodQ>r Zaqgh amd gaH$maZo g~{gS>rMr aŠH$‘ H$‘rH$aÊ`mÀ`m AV§ñW hoVyZo amgm`{ZH$ IVm§À`m {H$‘Vr EH$X‘ 30 Q>ŠŠ`m§ZrdmT>dë`m. EH$mM R>moŠ`mV EdT>r ‘moR>r dmT> H$aÊ`mV MyH$ Pmbr ho bjmVòVmM gaH$maZo `m {df`mgmR>r EH$ g§`wº$ g§gXr` g{‘Vr ñWmnZm Ho$brñ’w$aX`wº$ d nmbme`wº$ IVm§darb {H$‘Vr, {dVaU d dmhVyH$ {df`H$ gd©{Z~©ªY CR>dyZ Q>mH$bo; `y[a`mMr {H$_V 10 Q>ŠŠ`m§Zr CVadbr. n[aUm‘V:ZÌoVa IVm§À`m {H$‘Vr 200 Vo 300 Q>ŠŠ`m§n`©V MT>ë`m. {dÚ‘mZ gaH$maZo,enWJ«hU Ho$ë`m~amo~a {H$‘Vr H$‘r Ho$ë`m Am{U Ho$boë`m MwH$s‘wio {~KS>bobrn[apñWVr gwYmaÊ`mÀ`m ZmdmMo AmVm `w[a`mÀ`m {H$‘VrV dmT> Ho$br. gmIaH$maImZXmarà‘mUoM IV H$maImZXmar‘Üòhr daÀ`m nmVirdarb amOH$maUAmho. `w[a`m CËnmXH$m§À`m bm°~rMo àíZ àM§S> Amho, ho H$mhr Agco Var^maVmVrb O{‘Zrbm ñ’w$aX`wº$ Am{U nmbme`wº$ IVm§Mr JaO Amho; ânyaJaO Amho. eoVH$è`m§Zm hdr Agbobr, hdr {VVŠ`m à‘mUmV IVm§Mo CËnmXZH$aÊ`mg gaH$ma Ag‘W© Amho; Ë`m‘wio gaH$maZo IVm§‘Üò Am{U ImVoè`m§‘ÜòhmV KmbyZ ~gÊ`mMo Wm§~dmdo.

VmËn`©, "gmYm^moim eoVH$ar'gwÕm ImVoè`mV ZwgVmM hmV KmbyZ ~gbmVa Vmohr ImVoè`mV bmoiUmè`m BVam§BVH$mM Am|Ji {XgVmo.

(eoVH$ar g§KQ>H$ 21 ‘mM© 1997)

Am{U Vmo Mmb{dÊ`mgmR>r bmJUmè`m gmYZgm‘J«rMr OwiUr `mg§~§Yr gd©R>admR>ad agm`Z d IV ‘§Ìmb`mV hmoVo. IV H$maImÝ`mbm ‘§Owar åhUOo EH$CƒnXñWm§Mm amOH$s` Ioi Amho. Amnë`m XoemVrb IV H$maImÝ`mMm^m§S>dbr IM© BVa H$moUË`mhr gwg§ñH¥$V XoemVrb IMm©À`m OdOdi XwßnQ>AgVmo!

gaH$maÀ`m hñVjonm‘wio H$mhr {d{jánUm òVmo. CXmhaUmW© {~hma‘YrbH$moigm drO{Z©{‘VrgmR>r JwOamVMr dmQ> MmbVmo, Va JwOamVoVrb I{ZO dm`y^ë`m‘moR>çm nmB©nbmB©Z‘YyZ nma CÎma àXoemVrb A‘oR>rH$So> w[a`m CËnmXZmgmR>rdmhdbm OmVmo.

^maVr` eoVr‘Yrb amgm`{ZH$ nmofUÐì`m§À`m nañnanyaH$ dmnamÀ`mn[apñWVrg§~§Yr Ë`m ‘mZmZo ’$maM WmoSo> {b{hbo OmVo. Ia§ Va, IV åhUOogJirH$So> gd© EH$M EH$ dñVy Aer ~è`mM OUm§Mr H$ënZm AgVo dZñnVrÀ`mdmT>rgmR>r Amdí`H$ Aer ‘w»`V …VrZ nmofUÐìò AgVmV… ZÌ(N),ñ’w$aX(P)Am{U nmbme (nmoQ>°{eA‘ K) {nH$m§Zm Ë`m§À`m dmT>rgmR>r hr VrZnmofUÐì o dmT>rÀ`m doJdoù`m Q>ßß`m§da doJdoJi`m à‘mUmV Amdí`H$ AgVmV.1960 ‘Üòo Ooìhm A{YH$ CËnmXZ OmVtÀ`m (high yielding varities){~`mÊ`m§Mm dmna H$ê$Z gw`mo½` qgMZ d IVm§À`m AmYmao YmÝ`moËnmXZmVdmT> H$aÊ`mMm H$m`©H«$‘ AmIbm Jobm Voìhm ‘§Ìmb`mVrb ~m~y bmoH$m§Zr BVaXmoZ nmofUÐì`m§H$So> Xwb©j H$ê$Z ’$º$ ZÌ`wº$ IVm§À`m CËnmXZmdaM gJimâ {Xbm. ^maVmVrb O{‘ZrV nmbme (K)Am{U ñ’w$aX (P)`m§Mo à‘mU{ZgJ©V…M ~è`mn¡H$s Amho, Agm `w{º$dmX ghOnUo Ho$bm Jobm. `mIoarO,EH$XmoZ AndmX dJibo Va nmbme`wº$ Am{U ñ’w$aX`wº$ IVm§À`m {Z{‘©VrgmR>rAmdí`H$ H$ƒm ‘mb naXoemVyZ Am`mV H$amdm bmJV Ago. AOyZhr bmJVmo.ZÌoVa nmofUÐì`m§Zr `wº$ IVm§À`m {Z{‘©VrH$So> Xwb©j H$aÊ`mÀ`m `m YmoaUmÀ`m{ZfoYmW© {H$‘mZ EH$m H¥${fAW©VÁkmZo Amnë`m nXmMm amOrZm‘m {Xë`mMogdmªZm R>mD$H$ Amho. nmofUÐì`m§À`m Ag§Vw{bV dmnam‘wio O{‘ZrMm nmoVPnmQ>çmZo èhmg nmdVmo ho H$mhr H$moUmbm g‘OmdyZ XoÊ`mMr JaO Zmhr.

AmOdaMm AZw^d bjmV KoVm darb YmoŠ`m§Mo H§$Xrb ~amo~a Agë`mMo{gÕ Pmbo Amho. ^maVmVrb amgm`{ZH$ IVm§À`m dmnamMo à‘mU BVa XoemVrbdmnamÀ`m VwbZoZo IynM H$‘r Amho. IVm§À`m H$‘r dmnam‘wio Joë`m Ho$diVrg dfmªV O{‘ZrÀ`m nmoVmMm Pmbobm èhmg Va àM§S>M Amho. AmYw{ZH$


hmH$mQ>r AgVo; nU ‘m`~mn gaH$maM XmoZ-XmoZ hOma H$moQ>r én`m§Mm ‘mb‘hmJmV Am`mV H$ê$Z ñdñVmV {dHy$ bmJbo Va Ë`mÀ`mnwT>o eoVH$è`m§MmH$m` BbmO MmbUma Amho? nU `m Am`mVrÀ`m {dfmZo Xoehr hiyhiy ‘aVmo,eoVrCËnmXZ H$‘r hmoVo Am{U Xoe Am`mVrda H$m`‘Mm namdb§~r hmoVmo hmZohê$H$mimV KoVbobm àË`j AZw^d Amho. bmb~hmXya emór§Z§Va Am`mVH$‘r H$‘r H$aV, Amåhr g§ndbr. AmVm ho {df nwÝhm KoÊ`mMr emgZmbmAm{U Xoembm AdXgm H$m AmR>dbr?

JìhmMo nrH$ Joë`m dfuÀ`m VwbZoZo daMT>M Amho; nU Varhr g‘Oy `mH$s Vo Xoembm nwaogo Zmhr. ‘J, Am{W©H$ A[aï>mÀ`m H$mimV Jhÿ Am`mVH$aÊ`mnojm XoemVrb Ádmar-~mOarMm dmna H$aUo H$mhr AeŠ` ZìhVo.emórOtZr gJù`m Xoembm EH$ doi Cndmg H$aÊ`mMm AmXoe {Xbm. AgoH$am`bm {h§‘V bmJVo. Zì`m n§VàYmZm§Zm XoemÀ`m Am{W©H$ g§H$Q>mVJìhmMm VwQ>dS>m Ádmar-~mOar dmnê$Z ^ê$Z H$mT>m Ago gm§JUo ghO eŠ`hmoVo. `§Xm hr YmÝò ‘w~bH$ {nH$br AmhoV, Ë`m§Mo ^md H$mogiV AmhoV.‘hmamï´>mVrb Ádmar CËnmXH$ eoVH$ar h¡amU Pmbm Amho. {dbm`VoVrbeoVH$è`m§H$So> gmoS>boë`m J§JoMm EH$ bhmZ nmQ> Oar Ádmar -eoVH$è`mH$So>dibm AgVm Va Ë`m§Mo OÝ‘mMo Xm[aÐç {’$Q>bo AgVo. qH$dm JìhmMmVwQ>dS>m hmoUma Amho, Xoe Am{W©H$ g§H$Q>mV Amho åhUyZ {d{eï> CËZÞJQ>mdarb bmoH$m§Zm {eYmn{ÌHo$da Jhÿ {‘iUma Zmhr, Ë`m§Zr Jhÿ ~mOmamVyZ¿`mdm Ago n§VàYmZ AmdmhZ H$ê$ eH$bo AgVo Am{U Ë`mbm Xoeào‘rZmJ[aH$m§Zr à{VgmXhr {Xbm AgVm. n[aUm‘r JìhmÀ`m nwadR>çmdarb VmUH$‘r Pmbm AgVm.

nU, gaH$maZo `mn¡H$s H$mhr Ho$bo Zmhr. Jhÿ AmUbm. Jhÿ {nH${dUmè`meoVH$è`m§Zm YS>m {eH$dm`Mo R>adyZ AmUbm. `m‘wio n§Om~‘Yrb eoVH$arg§Vmnbm Var Mmbob Agm {hemo~ H$ê$Z Jhÿ AmUbm. n§Om~‘Yrb n[apñWVrWmoS>r W§S>mdVo Amho. EdT>çmVM eoVH$è`m§Zm YS>m {eH${dVm òB©b AgmAmS>mIm ~m§YyZ Am`mV Pmbr.

à`moOZ?hr gJir, åhQ>bo Va hmñ`mñnX, åhQ>bo Va H$éU, åhQ>bo Va Xmê$U

H$Wm. ‘r gm§Jy bmJVmo åhUOo EoH$Umam§Zm A{YH$m{YH$M AX^wV dmQ>V Am{UVoM ‘bm CbQ>m àíZ {dMmaVmV""nU gaH$ma Ago H$m H$aV Agmdo ? Vw‘Mo

ghm

JìhmÀ¶m Am¶mVrM§ Jm¡S>~§Jmc

Ë¶m§Zm g_OV Zmhr...Joë`m n§Yam {Xdgm§V JìhmÀ`m Am`mVrÀ`m àíZm~Ôb AZoH$m§er MMm©

Ho$br, Xoeâ A`moÜ`m àíZmda dmXi CR>bobo Amho. hf©X ‘ohVm AOyZhrdV©‘mZnÌm§À`m n{hë`m nmZmda OmJm AS>dyZ Amho. ZmB©H$-ndma bÇ>mbÇ>rVH$moUmMr gaer hmoVo mH$So> bmoH$ CËH§$R>VoZo nmhV AmhoV. JìhmÀ`m Am`mVr‘mJoH$mhr EH$ ‘moR>o g§H$Q> Cô Amho `mMr OmUrd H$moUmbmM Zmhr. nÌH$ma,H$maImZXma, Xwgao H$mhr S>m°ŠQ>a,dH$sb {‘Ì `m§Zm ‘r gm§{JVbo H$s, ""XoemVAÞYmÝ`mÀ`m VwQ>dS>m Zmhr ho n§VàYmZhr ‘mÝ` H$aVmV; nU Varhr gaH$mar^mdmZo eoVH$è`m§Zr Oê$arBVH$m Jhÿ gaH$mabm {dH$bm Zmhr åhUyZ ho emgZAm`mV H$aVo Amho. ^maVmgmaIm X[aÐr Xoe Amnë`m ~OoQ>mVyZ H°$ZS>m,A‘o[aH$m `m§gma»`m lr‘§V Xoem§Vrb eoVH$è`m§Mr YZ H$arV Amho; XoemVrbIaoXr {H$_Vrnojm Odi Odi XwßnQ> ^md XoD$Z JìhmMr Am`mV H$arVAmho, naH$s` MbZmMo ‘hmg§H$Q> H$mogibobo AgVmZm XrS>-XmoZ hOma H$moQ>rénò `m doS>mMmamda gaH$ma IM© H$arV Amho Am{U ho gJio Iwë`mAW©ì`dñWoMm CX²Kmof H$arV hmoV Amho.'' ho gJio {dñVmamZo gm§{JVboåhUOo EoH$UmambmM ‘moR>m AM§~m dmQ>Vmo. EImÚm ZmQ>H$mVrb Ibnwéfmgemo^yZ {Xgob Agbo ho Hw$Q>rb H$mañWmZ gaH$ma H$arbM H$go ho Ë`m§Zmg‘OV Zmhr!

{dfmar Am`mVJhÿ Am`mVrMm ‘mJMm B{Vhmg nm{hbm åhUOo, `m Am`mVrZo CËnmXH$

eoVH$ar VmËH$mi Za‘ nS>VmV, hr Jmoï> Iar, H$m` H$aVrb {~Mmao ? JmdmVJmS>Jr, ‘S>H$r, S>~o KoD$Z XwH$mZ KmbUmam dmUr eoVH$è`m§Zm bwQ>Vmo Aer


b§JSo> g‘W©ZgaH$maMo S>moHo$ H$go Mmbbo Amho ho g‘OUo IaoM H$R>rU Amho. `m

àíZmda nyduÀ`m H$mirhr eoVH$s‘§Í`m§Zr ‘moR>r {dXyfH$s CÎmao {Xbr AmhoV.A‘o[aHo$Vrb eoVH$è`mbm OmñV ^md H$m, Agm àíZ bmoH$gôV AmbmAgVm amd drao§ÐqgJm§Zr CÎma {Xbo, ""A‘o[aHo$V Amåhr Zoh‘rZoh‘r WmoS>rMIaoXr H$aVmo? Voìhm EImÚm dfu IaoXr H$amdr bmJbr Va VodT>çmnwaVo OmñV^md XoUo `mo½`M Amho .'' `m CÎmamV gJimV {dXyfH$snUm Zmhr, H$mhr ImobAW© Amho. AÞg{Mdm§Zr hmM ‘wÔm ‘m§S>bm Amho; nU ZmoH$aehmÀ`mehmOmoJnUmZo ‘m§S>bm Amho. Vo åhUmbo, ""‘mJUr Am{U nwadR>m `m§À`mVrbXar ^ê$Z H$mT>Ê`mH$[aVm Am`mV H$aUo An[ahm`© hmoVo.'' VOoÝÐ IÞm Iao~mobV AgVrb Va ‘J Am`mVrMm {ZU©` Omhra H$aVmZm n§VàYmZm§Zr XoemVAÞYmÝ`mMm VwQ>dS>m Amho ñnï> H$m åhQ>bo Zmhr? gaH$mar IaoXrV nm{hOo{VVH$m ½mhÿ {‘imbm Zmhr Ago n§VàYmZ åhUmbo. eoVH$è`m§Zr 28 bmI Q>ZJhÿ H$‘r {dH$bm åhUyZ 30 bmI Q>ZmMr Am`mV H$amdr bmJV Amho Agon§VàYmZ åhUmbo. `mMm AW© Agm H$s ‘mJUr nwadR>çmVrb V’$mdV XoemVZmhr, gaH$mar {dVaU ì`dñWoV Amho. {dVaU ì`dñWoH$[aVm Amdí`H$ VmoJhÿ eoVH$è`m§Zr {Xbm Zmhr H$maU ~mOmamV gmSo>VrZeo én`m§Mm ^md Mmby AgVmZmemgZmZo ~ioM XmoZeo E|er én`m§Mm Amnbm gaH$mar ^md {Q>H${dÊ`mMm hoH$mYabm. ~mOmamV ì`mnmar, AS>Vo `m§Zm CVaÊ`mMm ‘‚mmd Ho$bm. n§Om~mVrb^maVr` {H$gmZ w{Z`ZÀ`m XmoÝhr g§KQ>Zm§Zr `m àH$mamMm {damoY Ho$bm hmoVm.

`mIoarO eoVH$è`m§Zr Jhÿ ~mOmamV Z AmUÊ`mMo AmUIr EH$ H$maUhmoVo. Eadr JìhmMm h§Jm‘ Mmby Pmë`mZ§Va XmoZM ‘{hÝ`m§V gJù`m n§O~mVrbJhÿ ~mOmamV CVaVmo. eoVH$è`m§Zr OmUrdnyd©H$ WmoSo> Wm§~yZ ~mOmamV OmÊ`mMoR>a{dbo. Ë`m‘wio gaH$maMr ‘moR>r K~amQ> CS>mbr. gmSo>VrZeo énò ^mdmZoXoemV Jhÿ IarXÊ`mEodOr naH$s` MbZmV gmSo>nmMeo énò IM©yZ JhÿAm`mV H$aÊ`mMo gaH$maZo R>a{dbo ho `mo½` Pmbo qH$dm Zmhr?

XmoZeo E|er én`m§‘Üò nwaogm Jhÿ {‘imbm Agbm Va gaH$maZo Am`mVrMm{dMma Ho$bm ZgVm, ho ZŠH$s. `mMmM AW© H$‘r nS>Umè`m JìhmMr âVrXmoZeoE|er nojm A{YH$ ^mdmZo gaH$maZo Ho$br AgVr Var Am`mV H$aÊ`mMrnmir Ambr ZgVr. gaH$maZo Ago H$m Zmhr Ho$bo? Am`mVrMm ‘hmJS>m"Aì`mnmaofw ì`mnma' ì`mnma H$m nËH$abm?

H$m` ‘V Amho?'' AmVm hm àíZ bmoH$m§Zr nr. ìhr. Zaqgh amd `m§Zm{dMmam`bm nm{hOo. ‘Z‘mohZ qgJm§Zm {dMmam`bm nm{hOo, AÞ-ImË`mVrbA{YH$mar ‘moR>çm Vmoè`mZo Am`mVrMo g‘W©Z H$arV AmhoV Ë`m§Zm {dMmam`bmnm{hOo. ‘r H$m` CÎma XoUma? Var ‘r gm§JVmo, ""`mV VrZ H$maUo AgÊ`mMreŠ`Vm Amho,''

~mo’$mog©?n{hbo åhUOo, gÜ`m ~mo’$mog© ~§X nS>bo Agë`m‘wio IaoXrda H${‘eZ

{‘i{dÊ`mMm {~ZYmñV ‘mJ© hmM am{hbm Agmdm. YmÝ`m§À`m `m IaoXrdaQ>ŠHo$dmar KoÊ`mMr ’$ma OwZr na§nam Amho, Vr ~§X Pmbr Agob Vgo ‘mZm`bmH$mhr H$maU Zmhr. AÞImË`mÀ`m A{YH$mè`m§Zr hm gJim ì`dhma Ho$bm.H$mngmÀ`m {Z`m©VrMm {ZU©` KoÊ`mH$[aVm ghm-ghm ‘{hZo bmdUmao ho ZmoH$aehmAm`mV H$am`Mr åhUOo 15{Xdgm§V H°$ZS>m, A‘o[aH$m, Am°ñQ´>o{b`m òWo ôQ>rXoD$Z, IaoXr H$ê$Z ~moQ>r R>adyZgwÕm ‘moH$io hmoVmV. hr VËnaVm ZmoH$aemhrVH$mhr gwQ>V Agë`mIoarO eŠ` Zmhr. JìhmÀ`m Am`mVrV n¡go Imëë`mMmAmamon amOYmZrV CKS> CKS> Ho$bm OmV Amho. `m Amamonmbm AÞImË`mÀ`mA{YH$mè`m§Zr {Xbobm O~m~ ‘moR>m {dZmoXr Amho, ""JìhmÀ`m Am`mVrb"~mo’$mog©' Pmbo H$m? '' A{YH$mè`mMo CÎma Ago H$s,""`m IaoXrV ‘Ü`ñWH$moUr ZìhVmM Ë`m‘wio ‘Ü`ñWmÀ`m H${‘eZMm àíZ CX²^dV Zmhr. JhÿAm{U eoVH$ar Agë`m {df`m§V nÌH$mam§Zmhr ’$mago ñdmañ` Zmhr. gmR>H$moQ>tMo ~mo’$mog© JmObo nU {VVŠ`mM aH$‘oMo Jhÿ àH$aU da òÊ`mMr H$mhreŠ`Vm Zmhr.

bT>mB©Mr {e~§Xr?`m A‘§Jb Am`mVrMo Xwgao H$m` g‘W©Z Agy eH$Vo? gaH$ma ZOrH$À`m

^{dî`H$mimV ‘moR>r bT>mB© dJ¡ao gwê$ H$aUma Agob Va YmÝ`mMm ‘moR>m gmR>mH$ê$Z R>odUo C{MV hmoB©b; nU A`moÜòÀ`m ~¡am½`m§Zm Km~aUmao gaH$ma AgoH$mhr YmS>g H$arV Agob hohr g§^d Zmhr.

A{VaoH$s?amhVm am{hbr EH$M eŠ`Vm. n§Om~‘Üò OJUo H$R>rU Pmë`m‘wio VoWyZ

{ZgQ>bobo H$mhr A{VaoH$s AmVm ‘§Ìmb`mV Kwgbo AgmdoV! Am{U VoWyZn§Om~ nwÝhm EH$Xm ^S>Hy$Z CR>mdm Aem hoVyZo Vo ‘wÔm‘ n§Om~bm KmVH$R>aUmao {ZU©` Omhra H$adrV AgmdoV!


J«mhH$mMr {eYmnwadR>çmMr ì`dñWm H$aÊ`mH$[aVm Am`mV H$aUo ^mJM AmhoAgm Ë`m§Mm `w{º$dmX Amho.

nwÝhm Am`mVrÀ`m Xwï>MH«$mH$So>WmoS>Š`mV, XoemVbo JìhmMo CËnmXZ pñWamdy bmJbo Va Ago H$m hmoVo

`mMm {dMma H$am`Mm Zmhr, eoVrVrb ^m§S>db J§wVdUyH$ H$m H$‘r nS>Vo Amho`mMm Aä`mg H$am`Mm Zmhr; JìhmEodOr eoVH$ar Xwgè`m {nH$m§H$So> H$mdiV AmhoV Vo ZOaoAmS> H$am`Mo Am{U naXoemVyZ Am`mV H$am`bm gwédmVH$am`Mr. `m‘wio eodQ>r H$m` hmoB©b? bmb~hmXya emór n§VàYmZ PmboË`mdoir Or n[apñWVr hmoVr VerM pñWVr nwÝhm EH$Xm V`ma hmoB©b. JhÿnadS>V Zmhr åhUyZ eoVH$ar {nH$drV Zmhr Am{U Jhÿ {nH$V Zmhr åhUyZgaH$ma Am`mV H$aVo ho Xwï>MH«$ nwÝhm EH$Xm gwê$ hmoB©b. `m‘wio, CËnmXZdmT>Uma Zmhr, Am`mVrMm aVr~ Mmby hmoB©b, gmo` ’$º$ Q>ŠHo$dmarZo H${‘eZImUmè`m§Mr hmoB©b.

doJdoJù`m {H$‘VrMm Jmob_mb …`m XmoZeo E|er énò ^mdmMr EdT>r H$m` à{Vð>m Amho H$s, {OÀ`mH$aVm

gaH$maZo Amnbr gmar B^«V nUmbm bmdmdr? YmÝ`mÀ`m {nH$m§Zm EHo$H$mirboìhrMr {H$‘V Ago. 1965 _Üò H¥$fr ‘yë` Am`moJ ñWmnZ Pmë`mZ§VaYmÝ`{nH$m§H$[aVm IaoXrÀ`m {H$‘Vr Am{U BVa ZJXr {nH$m§H$[aVm AmYma^yVQH$_V qH$_V Aer Xwhoar ì`dñWm Mmby Pmbr. AmYma^yV qH$_V åhUOoH$moUË`mhr n[apñWVrV eoVH$è`mbm {‘imbr nm{hOo Aer {H$‘mZ qH$_V.IaoXr QH$_V hr AJXr doJir H$ënZm Amho. gaH$mabm Á`m eoVr_mbmMrIaoXr H$am`Mr Amho Ë`m ì`dhmamVrb hr QH$_V Amho. IaoXr qH$_VAmYma^yV {H$_Vrnojm Zoh‘rM daMT> Agbr nm{hOo.

Iao åhQ>bo Va hr Xwhoar ì`dñWm {ZaW©H$ Amho. IaoXr qH$_V Aer H$mhrJmoï> AgVm H$m‘m Zò. Iwë`m AW©ì`dñWoV gaH$maZo ~mOmanoR>oV CVê$ZMmby ^mdmZo IaoXr Ho$br nm{hOo. EImXo dfu eoVH$è`m§Zm Mm§Jcm ^md{‘iob, EImXo dfu H$‘r {‘iob. `m nbrH$So> OmD$Z AmYma^yV {H§$‘V{‘iÊ`mMr ì`dñWm hdr Agob Va eoVH$è`m§Zm Vgm {d‘m CVadVm òB©b.{H$‘Vr nS>ë`mda gaH$maZo AmYma^yV qH$_V XoÊ`mH$[aVm ~mOmamV CVamdoAer eoVH$è`m§Mr Anojm Agob Va gaH$mar IaoXrMr qH$_V Iwë`m ~mOmamVrb{H$_Vrnojm H$‘r AgUma ho CKS> Amho. WmoS>Š`mV, IaoXrMr qH$_V AmYma^yV

à{Vð>oMm àíZ H$m eoVH$ar Ûof?`mMo EH$ CÎma ñnï> Amho IaoXr ^mdmZo {Zå‘r-A{YH$ âVr Pmë`mZ§Va

gaH$maZo ^mdmV ’$aH$ Ho$bm AgVm Va nwT>rb dfu ^mdmV dmT> hmoB©b `mAmeoZo eoVH$è`m§Zr ‘mb AmUIr H$mhr H$mi amIyZ R>odbm AgVm. gaH$marIaoXrMr emZ amIm`Mr Agob Va EH$M Cnm`! H$moUË`mhr n[apñWVr EH$XmR>abobm ^md emgZ ~XbV Zmhr, Amdí`H$ nS>bo Va hOmamo H$moQ>r én`m§MmVmoQ>m gaH$ma ghZ H$aVo nU eoVH$è`m§nwT>o ‘mZ VwH${dUma Zmhr! WmoS>Š`mV,JìhmMr Am`mV hr eoVH$è`m§Zm {Xbobr {ejm Amho. emgZmMo eoVH$arÛofmMoYmoaU Á`m§Zr nm{hbo Amho Ë`m§Zm `mV Amü`© dmQ>Uma Zmhr.

nU Amnë`m eoVH$arÛofmMr Omhra H$~wbr gaH$ma WmoSo>M XoUma Amho?Amnë`m H¥$VrMo H$mhrVar WmVwa‘mVwa g‘W©Z XoÊ`mMr Ë`m§Mr YS>nS> MmbyAmho. OmñV {H$‘V XoD$Z gaH$maZo Jhÿ {‘i{dbm AgVm Va Ë`m‘wio Iwë`m~mOmanoR>oVrb nwadR>m H$‘r nS>bm AgVm Am{U Ë`m‘wio Iwë`m ~mOmanoR>oV{H$‘Vr ^S>H$ë`m AgË`m Ago Ë`m§Mo AW©emór` n§m{S>Ë` Amho! AmVm hm`w{º$dmX {H$Vr ’$gdm Amho nmhm.

XmoZeo E|er én`mV gaH$mabm nm{hOo {VVH$s åhUOo EH$ H$moQ>r Q>ZJìhmMr IaoXr Pmbr AgVr Va gaH$ma Iwe Pmbo AgVo. ‘J Am`mVrMm{df`hr {ZKmbm ZgVm. Ë`m n[apñWVrVhr Iwë`m ~mOmanoR>oVrb nwadR>m H$‘rnS>bmM AgVm. Voìhm hm `w{º$dmX CKS>nUo b§JS>m Amho. ImoQ>o ~mobm`MoAgbo åhUOo OmSo>OmSo> eãX dmnaÊ`mMr àd¥Vr hmoVo. goH«o$Q>argma»`m CƒnXñWA{YH$mè`mZo `m‘wioM ‘moR>m {d{MÌ B§J«Or à`moJ Ho$bm Agmdm. gaH$maZo^md dmT>dyZ XoemV Oê$a Vr âVr Ho$br AgVr Va ImOJr ì`mnmè`m§À`mhmVyZ Jhÿ ’$º$ gaH$maÀ`m hmVr Ambm AgVm -(without any net additionality

in domestic availability).J«mhH$m§H$Sy>Z g‘W©ZAm`mVrÀ`m g‘W©ZmW© AmUIr EH$ `w{º$dmX Ho$bm OmVmo. eoVH$è`m§Mo

{hVg§~§Y Onbo nm{hOoV ho Va Iao; nU Ë`m~amo~a J«mhH$m§Mohr g§ajU Pmbonm{hOo. J«mhH$mÀ`m nXmamAmS> bnyZ ^m§S>dbXmam§Mo {hVg§dY©Z H$aÊ`mMm hmn{dÌm ’$ma OwZm Amho; nU J«mhH$m§Mo {hV H$emV Amho? Jobr nmM df}JìhmMo CËnmXZ gmSo>nmM H$moQ>r Q>ZmÀ`m Amgnmg pñWamdbo Amho. Vo ’$magodmT>V Zmhr `mMr qMVm gaH$mabm bmJbr Amho. CËnmXZ Ago W§S>mdco Va


gmV

I{cñVmÝ¶m§Mr M§Ji

"{dZme H$mbo {dnarV ~wÕr'AmUIr n§Yam bmI Q>Z Jhÿ Am`mV H$aÊ`mÀ`m H|$Ð emgZmÀ`m {ZU©`mMo

`mhÿZ `WmW© dU©Z H$aUo Ho$di AeŠ` Amho.Mmby dfu ~¡gmIrMm gU 13 E{àbbm Amho. Ë`m {XdgmnmgyZ åhUOo

AmR>dS>çmâmZo n§Om~-h[a`mUmVrb JìhmÀ`m ‘§S>çm§‘Üò JìhmMm nya bmoQy>bmJob. Mmby h§Jm‘mVrb JìhmMo CËnmXZ 6 H$moQ>r 45 bmI Q>Z BVHo$ àM§S>Amho. amï´>r` AÞ ‘hm‘§S>imH$S>rb 1996 -97 df© AIoarMm {ebH$s gmR>m27 bmI åhUOo aoeqZJ ì`dñWoÀ`m {heo~mZo ’$º$ 10 bmI Q>Z H$‘r Amho.

JìhmMo âbobr OhmOo ~§XamV Jhÿ CVê$Z KoÊ`mMr dmQ> nmhV C^r AmhoVAm{U AmUIr {H$VrVar OhmOo ^maVmÀ`m {H$Zmè`mH$So> {ZKmbr AmhoV.Joë`m {S>g|~a‘Üò JìhmÀ`m {H$aH$moi {dH«$sÀ`m {H$_Vr‘Üò Pmboë`mH¥${Ì‘ dmT>r‘wio hdmb{Xb hmoD$Z emgZmZo naXoemV gw_mao 20 cmI Q>Z JhÿIaoXrMo H$ama Ho$bo. Ë`mn¡H$s 4.4 bmI Q>Z Jhÿ XoemV nmohmoMbm Va gw‘mao3.3 bmI Q>Z Jhÿ doJdoJù`m ~§Xam§‘Üò 9 OhmOm§VyZ {H$Zmè`mda CVê$ZKoÊ`mÀ`m àVrjoV Amho. òË`m XmoZ ‘{hÝ`m§V AmUIr 2.1 bmI Q>Z Jhÿ~§Xam§da òD$Z nmohmoMob Amnë`mH$S>rb EHy$UM ~§Xam§Mr j‘Vm, JmoXm‘o,dmhVwH$sMr gmYZo BË`mXrg§~§Yr n[apñWVr nmhVm AOyZ 15 bmI Q>Z JhÿnaXoemVyZ AmUÊ`mMm {ZU©` KoUo ehmUnUmMo {Z{üVM Zmhr. Am`mVPmbobm ~hÿ JmoXm‘m§‘Üò ~odmag nS>bobm AgVmo. Ë`mVyZ Vmo {ZH¥$ï> àVrMmAgVmo. aoeZ ì`dñWoÀ`m AJXr Iè`m J«mhH$m§À`mhr Vmo ng§Vrg CVaVZmhr. 1993 ‘Üò Zaqgh amd gaH$maZo Am`mV Ho$bobm 30 bmI Q>Z JhÿaoeZH$mS>©YmaH$m§À`m Ajae… ‘mWr ‘mabm Jobm. ‘mJrb XmoZ h§Jm‘m§V Xoem§VJ©V

{H$_Vrnojm OmñV, nU Iwë`m ~mOmanoR>oVrb {H$‘Vrnojm H$mhrer H$‘rAgmd`mg nm{hOo.

gaH$mar hmVMcmIrho gJio {ddaU ‘moR>o Jmo|YimMo Amho. Am{U gaH$maZo `mM Jmo§YimMm

’$m`Xm KoD$Z eoVH$è`m§Zm gm’$ ZmS>bo Amho. hmoir, {e‘Jm, ’$mëJwZ AgoåhUyZ VrZ ‘{hÝ`m§Mo ì`mO bmdUmè`m gmdH$mam§gmaIr hmVMbmIr gaH$maZoHo$br Amho. boìhmMr qH$_V 1965 n ªV R>adbr OmV hmoVr. Iwë`m ~mOmanoR>oÀ`mVwbZoZo boìhrMr qH$_V 50 Vo 60 Q>ŠŠ`m§À`m Amgnmg Ago. 1965 _ÜòH¥$fr ‘yë` Am`moJ ñWmnZ Pmbm Am{U AmYma^yV {H$_Vr Omhra hmoD$bmJë`m. VrZ dfmªZr gaH$mar IaoXrH$[aVm AmYma^yV {H$_VrEodOr IaoXrqH$_V A§‘bmV AmUmdr Ago R>abo Am{U BWo gaH$maZo hmVMbmIr Ho$br.AmYma^yV {H$_VrVM OwO~r dmT> H$ê$Z {VbmM IaoXr qH$_V åhUyZ Kmo{fVH$aÊ`mV Ambo. IaoXr qH$_V AmYma^yV {H$_Vrnojm {ZXmZ 20 Q>ŠHo$ OmñVnm{hOo Ago Yabo Va Jobr 25 df© gaH$ma IaoXr qH$_V gm§JyZ, nUAmYma^yV qH$_V bmdyZ JìhmMr IaoXr H$arV Amho. Jhÿ, Ádmar BË`mXrYmÝ`mMr IaoXr qH$_V Am{U H$mnyg, ^wB©‘yJ BË`mXr ZJXr {nH$m§Zm Úm`MrAmYma^yV qH$_V `m XmoÝhrhr {H$‘Vr H$mT>Ê`mMr nÕV EH$M Amho. IaoXr{H$‘VrÀ`m {hemo~mV WmoSo> COdo {H§$dm PwH$Vo ‘mn {Xbo OmV Zmhr, XoÊ`mMrì`dñWmhr Zmhr, åhUOo, IaoXr qH$_V, H$mhr Pmbo Var, ~XbUma Zmhr AerOr emgZmZo Amnbr à{Vð>m nUmbm bmdbr Amho Ë`mV H$mhr AW© Zmhr. hrIaoXr qH$_V ‘wimVM ’$gdm’$gdrMr ~m~ Amho. Ë`mMm EdT>m ~mD$ H$ê$ZgaH$maZo eoVH$è`m§Zm YS>m {eH${dÊ`mMo YmS>g H$am`bm ZH$mo hmoVo.

n§Mmjè`mnojm Ohmb ‘mÌm`mda AmVm eoVH$ar H$m` CÎma XoUma? Am`mVrbm {damoY Va H$aUmaM.

Zohê$ZrVrMo ^yV nwÝhm EH$Xm CRy> nmhV Amho. Ë`mda n§Mmjè`mMr ‘mÌmMmbdUmaM; nU `mbm Iao MmoI CÎma Jhÿ CËnmXH$ eoVH$arM XoD$ eH$Vrb.naXoemVyZ YmÝ`YwÝ` AmUUo BVHo$ ghO Am{U gmono Agob Va gaH$maZo`mnwT>o gJio AÞYmÝ` {dbm`VoVyZM AmUmdo. Amåhr Am‘À`m nmoQ>mÀ`mJaOoBVHo$M YmÝ` {nH$dy Agm {ZYm©a eoVH$è`m§Zr Ho$bm Va gaH$maMr ‘ñVrCVaë`mIoarO amhUma Zmhr.

(eoVH$ar g§KQ>H$, 21 Zmoìh|~a 1992)


`m AOmJi H¥$Vr‘mJMo gm§{JVbo OmUmao H$maU åhUOo eoVH$ar gaH$mabmà{VpŠd¨Q>b 415 én`mÀ`m ^mdmZo Jhÿ {dH$m`bm V`ma hmoUma ZmhrV AergaH$mabm ^rVr dmQ>Vo! Ia§ Va, eoVH$è`m§Zr `mnojm doJio H$mhr H$aUoåhUOo Ë`m§À`mBVHo$ ‘yI© VoM R>aVrb! Oo gaH$ma gmè`m Xoembm ^ma^yVR>aboë`m ZmoH$aemhrÀ`m nJmadmT>rgmR>r {~Z{XŠH$V EH$aH$‘r 5000 H$moQ>rén`m§Mm ~moOm KoVo Vo Á`m Jhÿ CËnmXH$ eoVH$è`m§Zr Xoembm AÞYmÝ`mÀ`m~m~VrV ñd`§nyU© Ho$bo Ë`m§À`m Km‘mMo Xm‘ {‘iy XoÊ`mV {ZH$amMm {damoYH$aVo!

nrEb 480 À`m H$mimnmgyZÀ`m gd© AZw^dm§dê$Z Ago {XgVo H$s,eoVr‘mbmÀ`m Xoem§VJ©V {H$_Vr nmS>Ê`mgmR>r Am`mV eoVr‘mb Xoem§VJ©V~mOmamV AmoVÊ`mMr (Dumping)H$madmB© Zoh‘rM AmË‘mKmVH$s R>aVo.Aì`mdhm[aH$ Am`mVr_wio {H$_Vr nS>VmV; Z nadS>Umè`m {H$_Vr‘wio CËnmXZmVAZwËgmh V`ma hmoVmo… Am{U ‘J VwQ>dS>m OmUdm`bm bmJë`m‘wio A{YH$‘moR>çm à‘mUmV Am`mV H$amdr bmJVo. ho Xwï>MH«$ AJXr Zohê$ `wJmnmgyZAmnë`m n[aM`mMo Amho. Am`mVrMr ‘Xþ©‘H$s `mdoir H$‘r KmVH$ AgobAgo gaH$mabm dmQ>Ê`mg H$m` H$maU Agmdo?

AW©emó Am{U gm‘mÝ` kmZmMo Z§Va nmhÿ; nU Aem VèhoZo d hoVyZonaXoer Jhÿ ~mOmanoRo>V AmoVÊ`mMo n§Om~À`m n[apñWVrda H$m` n[aUm‘hmoVrb `mMm {dMma gaH$maZo Ho$bm Amho H$m? XoemMm Cd©[aV ^mJ n§Om~À`m^y‘rÀ`m gwnrH$VoMm AdmOdr J¡a’$m`Xm KoV Amho Agm J«h XeH$mZwXeHo$n§Om~‘Ü o Omonmgbm Jobm Amho. n§Om~À`m J«m‘rU mJmMr Zmi "I{bñVmZ'À`mH$ënZoer H$YrM Owibr ZgVr; nU JìhmÀ`m {H$_Vrdarb h‘Img AÝ`m`mZoKmoQ>mim Ho$bm. E{e`mS> 1982 À`m doir H$moUmhr erI ‘mUgmbm {Xëbr‘Üòàdoe Z XoUo ho {OVHo$ n§Om~{damoYr hmoVo {VVHo$M EH$mM dfm©V JìhmMr XmoZdoim Am`mV H$aUo n§Om~{damoYr Amho. AmVm Hw$R>o n§Om~mVrb n[apñWVrpñWañWmda hmoD$ bmJbr Amho, VmoM XodoJm¡S>m gaH$maZo dmH$S>çm dmQ>odanmD$b Q>mH$bo. OmJ{VH$ ì`mnma g§KQ>ZoÀ`m Am{U Am{W©H$ gwYma H$m`©H«$‘mÀ`mAQ>r Jw§S>mië`m Am{U "I{bñVmÝ`m§'À`m hmVr Am`Vo hË`ma {Xbo.

Amnë`mnojm {H$VrVar nQ>rZo gwpñWVrV Agboë`m ’«|$M eoVH$è`m§Zr{~«{Q>e Q´>H$ añË`m§da AS>dyZ Ë`m§Vrb ‘m§g ’o$Hy$Z {Xbo; Ë`m§À`mH$S>rb‘m§gmnojm ‘ñV Am{U ñdñV AgyZgwÕm. "B§{S>`Z' nÕVrZo Ë`m§À`m gaH$maZo

JìhmMr gaH$mar IaoXr (AmYma^yV ^mdmZo dgwbr) AZwH«$‘o 180 bmI Q>Zd 160 bmI Q>Z Pmbr hmoVr. `mdfu XoemVrb ‘§S>çm§‘Üò JìhmMr gaH$marIaoXr 10 bmI Q>Zm§n`©VM Pmbr Var amï´>m` AÞ ‘hm‘§S>imbm Ë`m§MmJìhmMm gmR>m hmVmiUo Ho$di AeŠ` hmoB©b. gaH$maÀ`m Vmã`mVrb bmImoQ>Z Jhÿ gSy>Z Zme nmdUma Amho ho {Z{üV.

JìhmÀ`m Am`mVrÀ`m Zì`mZo KoVboë`m {ZU©`mV Am{W©H$ ehmUnUmZmhr. JìhmÀ`m Am§Vaamï´>r` {H$‘Vr à{VQ>Z 180 S>m°bg©À`m Amgnmg AmhoV.åhUOo H°$ZS>m qH$dm AO]{Q>ZmV Ë`m à{V{¹§$Q>b 648 én`mÀ`m AmgnmgAmhoV. ^maVmV Am`mV Ho$ë`mda ~§Xamda òB©n`©V Ë`mMr {H§$_V à{VpŠd¨Q>bgw‘mao 800 én`m§n`©V nmohmoMVo. Am°ñQ´>o{b`mbm Ë`m§À`mH$So> Agboë`mJìhmÀ`m àM§S> gmR>çmMo H$m` H$am`Mo Aer qMVm Amho, Vo {H$_Vrda 10Q>ŠHo$ gyQ> XoD$Z Amnbm OwZm gmR>m hmVmdoJim H$aÊ`mV CËgwH$ AmhoV.Amnë`mH$S>rb JìhmMr gaH$mar dgwbr AmYma^yV {H§$_V Joë`m dfu 385énò à{VpŠd¨Q>b hmoVr. Mmby h§Jm‘mgmR>r gaH$maZo Vr 415 én`m§n`©VdmT>{dbr Amho. ({H$gmZ g‘Ýd` g{‘VrZo JìhmÀ`m ^mdmda Am§XmobZmMrKmofUm H$aVmM, gaH$ma S>i‘irV AgVmZmhr 1 E{àb amoOr emgZmZoà{VpŠd¨Q>b 60 é. ~moZg Úm`Mo Kmo{fV Ho$bo.) n§Om~mV Iwë`m ~mOmamVJìhmMr {H§$_V gÜ`m {¹$§Q>bbm 630 én`m§À`m Amgnmg Amho. emgZmMrOa n§Om~, h[a`mUm d CÎma àXoemVrb ‘§S>çm§‘Üò eoVH$è`m§Zr AmUbobm JhÿpŠd¨Q>bbm 600 énò XamZo ¿`m`Mr V`mar Agob Va gmd©O{ZH$ {dVaUì`dñWogmR>r (aoeqZJ) Am{U {Z`m©VrgmR>rgwÕm Amdí`H$ {VVH$m Jhÿ emgZIaoXr H$ê$ eHo$b Am{U ~è`mn¡H$s ’$m`Xm {‘idy eHo$b; Ë`m~amo~aM,‘m¡ë`dmZ naH$s` MbZhr àmá H$ê$ eHo$b.

Oo gdm©ZmM ’$ma H$mimnmgyZ R>mD$H$ Amho Vo ñdV… n§VàYmZm§Zrhr ‘mÝ`Ho$bo Amho. XoemMr AW©ì`dñWm H$Om©À`m gmnù`mV gmnS>br Amho Am{UVarhr {S>>g§o~a 1993 ‘Üò H$ama Ho$boë`m Jhÿ- Am`mVrÀ`m ì`dhmamVgaH$maZo 150 H$moQ>r én`m§Mo naH$s` MbZ dm`m Kmbdbo Amho Am{UAm`mV JìhmÀ`m hmVmiUrV 100 H$moQ>r én`m§Mo ZwH$gmZ gmogbo Amho.JìhmÀ`m ZdrZ Am`mVr‘wiohr naH$s` MbZmVrb 100 H$moQ>r én`m§Mm VaXoem§VJ©V ZmgYwer‘wio hmoUmè`m VmoQ>çmV 60 H$moQ>r én`m§Mm ^wXªS> amï´>mÀ`mAW©ì`dñWobm gmogmdm bmJUma Amho.


AmR>

O‘rZ Am‘Mr, ^md Am‘Mm

{df` bT>m{MIbr-Hw$XidmS>r gw‘mao 1500 bmoH$g§»òMo N>moQ>ogo Jmd. nwUo-‘w§~B©

amï´>r` ‘hm‘mJm©nmgyZ Zm{eH$H$So> OmUmam amï´>r` ‘hm‘mJ© ’w$Q>Vmo, Ë`mXw~oiŠ`mV ^mogarMr CÚmoJ‘hmZJar Am{U ^mogar Jmd ~gbo Amho. XoemVrbgJù`mV ‘moR>çm Am¡Úmo{JH$ dgmhVr§n¡H$s hr EH$. qnnar-qMMdS>‘hmZJan{bHo$À`m joÌmV hr dgmhV òVo Am{U Ë`m‘wio hr ‘hmZJan{bH$mqhXwñWmZmVrb gdm©V lr‘§V g‘Obr OmVo. Am¡Úmo{JH$ dgmhVrMr hÔ g§nVoVoWo Q>mQ>m§À`m Q>oëH$mo H§$nZrMm Q´>H$ V`ma H$aÊ`mMm H$maImZm Amho.qhXwñWmZmVrb hm gdm©V ‘moR>m H$maImZm. H$maImÝ`mÀ`m nyd©-n{ü‘ Hw$§nUmÀ`mq^Vrbm bmJyZ EH$ S>m§~ar gS>H$ OmVo òWo {MIbr-Hw$XidS>r Jmd Amho.{MIbrbm bmJyZ n§T>arÀ`m dmaH$è`m§Mm Xohÿ-Ami§Xr añVm OmVmo. Ë`mañË`mbm hr gS>H$ {‘iVo. Q>oëH$moÀ`m q^VrMr g§JV gwQ>ë`mZ§Va gS>H$Amnbm JwiJwirVnUm, VwH$VwH$sVnUm gmoSy>Z XoVo. JmdmVyZ OmUmam añVmAmnbm H$ƒm, Amo~S>Ymo~S>, ImMIi½`m§Zr âbobm Am{U nmdgmù`mV{MIbmZo ^ê$Z OmD$Z JmdmMo {MIbr Zmd gmW©H$ H$aUmam.

15 ‘o 1993 nmgyZ JmdmMm a§J EH$X‘ ~Xbbm Amho. VéU nmoao N>mVrdaA{^‘mZmZo eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMm {~ëbm bmdyZ {’$aV AmhoV. gS>Ho$À`m XmoÝhr~mOy§À`m q^Vr§da g§KQ>ZoÀ`m KmofUm a§Jdë`m OmV AmhoV. "eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMm{dO` Agmo', "Am‘Mr O‘rZ, Am‘Mm ^md,' {MIbr Jmd bdH$aM g§nUmaAmho, eoVH$è`m§À`m O{‘Zr qnnar-qMMdS> ‘hmZJarÀ`m ngaË`m {di»`mVZï> hmoUma Amho. VoWo AmYw{ZH$ H$maImZXmar Am{U N>mZN>moH$rMo {dbmgr~§Jbo, Jmio Cô amhUma AmhoV. {h§XwñWmZmVrb gdm©V lr‘§V ‘hmZJarÀ`m

Ë`m§À`m ~mOmamV Jhÿ AmoVÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm AgVm Va Ë`m§Mr à{V{H«$`mH$m` Pmbr AgVr?

‘mJo ~moñQ>Zbm VoWrb Mhm CËnmXH$m§Zr Am`mV Mhm g‘wÐmVM ~wS>dyZ"~moñQ>Z Q>r nmQ>u' gmOar Ho$br hmoVr. B{VhmgmMr nwZamd¥Îmr hmoD$Z ‘ww§~B© -H$m§S>ë`mVhr "pIarMr' ‘oOdmZr PSo>b H$m`?

(eoVH$ar g§KQ>H$, 6 E{àb 1997)


ehamMr gr‘m Odi Ambr H$s AmgnmgMr IoS>r ehamÀ`m hÔrV KoVcrOmVmV. XrS>XmoZ EH$am§Mm N>moQ>m eoVH$ar EH$m {XdgmV ehar H$‘mb ^yYmaUmH$m`ÚmImbr O‘rZXma R>aVmo. O{‘ZrÀ`m XodKodrMm, IaoXr-{dH«$sMm,hñVm§VaUmMm H$moUVmhr ì`dhma R>ßn hmoVmo. doJdoJù`m H$maUm§Zr AS>H$boë`mO{‘Zr EO§Q> bmoH$ ‘mVr‘mobmZo IarXVmV, gaH$maXa~marMm Amnbm ñZohg§~§Ydmnê$Z H$MmQ>çmV gmnS>boë`m O{_Zr _moH$ù`m H$ê$Z KoVmV. O{_ZrÀ`mpñWVr~Ôb Am{U Cn`moJm~Ôb ’o$a’$ma H$aÊ`mMm gaH$mar A{YH$ma åhUOobmoI§S>mMo gmoZo H$aUmè`m n[agmhÿZhr A{YH$ gm‘Ï`©embr R>abm Amho.H$maImZXmar, Am`mV-{Z`m©V `m§À`mH$[aVm bm`go§g na‘rQ> ‘mJm`bm òUmaobmoH$ ’$ma WmoSo>. Ago bmg`|Ýg-na‘rQ> XoUmè`m§Zm H$m` ’$m`Xm {‘iVAgob. BVH$m JS>J§O Z’$m O{‘ZrÀ`m ’o$a’$mamda gaH$mar {eŠH$m CR>dUmaonwT>mar Am{U A{YH$mar {‘idVmV; nU Xbmbm§À`m O{‘Zr ‘moH$ù`mH$aÊ`m~Ôb H${_eZ ImD$Z ‘§Í`m§Mr, nwT>mè`m§Mr ^yH$ WmoS>rM ^mJUmaAmho? Ë`m§Zm ñdV…À`m ZmdmZo m {hao‘mUH$m§À`m ImUrVrb g§nÎmr {‘idm`MrAmho. {eñV~ÕnUo nwT>mè`m§Zr hm ^«ï>mMma Mmbdbm Amho. gaH$maÀ`m hmVr"^y‘rg§nmXZ H$m`Xm' ZmdmMo EH$ H$mobrV Amho. AË`§V ‘hÎdmÀ`m amï´>r`,Am{W©H$, gm‘m{OH$ H$m‘mH$[aVm O{‘Zr g§nmXZ H$aÊ`mMm A{YH$ma `mH$m`ÚmZo gaH$mabm {Xbm Amho. `m A{YH$mamMm Cn`moJ EHo$H$mir ’$ma~oVm~oVmZo hmoV Ago nU ñdmV§Í`mZ§Va ^y‘rg§nmXZmMm aUJmS>m ~o’$m‘ CYiybmJbm Am{U Ë`mImbr {MaS>bo Jobo Vo gJio eoVH$arM.

{dH«$mi gwcVmZr ^y-g§nmXZ H$m`XmH$moUË`mhr gaH$mar, {Z‘gaH$mar, ghH$mar qH$dm gmd©O{ZH$ g§ñWoH$[aVm

^yg§nmXZ H$m`ÚmMm dmna Ho$bm OmVmo. eoH$S>mo Zmhr, hOmamo EH$a O‘rZgaH$ma Vmã`mV KoVo. OrdZmdí`H$ dñVy§À`m H$m`Úmà‘mUoM hm eoVH$ar{damoYrH$m`Xm AË`§V {dH«$mi gwcVmZr Amho `mV eoVH$è`m§À`m {dZ§Vr AOmªZmñWmZ Zmhr, Ho${dbdmÊ`m AmH«$moembm ñWmZ Zmhr. m O{‘ZrMr JaO gmd©O{ZH$H$m‘m§H$[aVm Amho EdT>o EImÚm {Oëhm{YH$mè`m§Mo à‘mUnÌ Agbo H$s H$moUmMoH$mhr MmbV Zmhr.

O{‘Zr g§nmXZ H$aÊ`mMm A{YH$ma H$R>moa Va Ë`m O{‘ZrMm ‘mo~XbmR>adÊ`mMm A{YH$ma ‘hmH$R>moa. EHo$ H$mir O{‘ZrÀ`m {H$_Vr ‘hgwbmÀ`mnQ>rV R>adë`m OmV. Ë`mZ§Va AbrH$So> Zm|XUr Pmboë`m IaoXr{dH«$s ì`dhmamV

nmoQ>m§V {MIbr {Ji§H¥$V hmoUma Amho. {MIbrMo eoVH$ar OmUma H$moR>o?Q>oëH$moÀ`m eoOmar, ‘OwarÀ`m Xam§Mr ñnYm© H$ê$Z eoVr H$aUo eŠ` Zmhr.Zì`m H$maImZXmarV amoOJma {‘iÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm OdiOdi eyÝ`. eoH$S>modf} nyd©Om§À`m {nT>çm {OZo nmogë`m Vr O_rZ gmoSy>Z XoVmZm Ë`m O{‘ZrÀ`m{H$_VrVyZ nwÝhm nm`mda Cô amhVm `mdo EdT>rM {VWë`m JmdH$è`m§Mr BÀN>mAmho; nU hr BÀN>mgwÕm nwar hmoUo AmOVar AeŠ` {XgVo Am{U Vo eŠ`H$aÊ`mH$[aVm eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m P|S>çmImbr eoVH$ar EH$OyQ> H$aV AmhoV.bT>m ’$ma {df_ Amho. EH$m ~mOybm ‘yR>â eoVH$ar Xwgè`m ~mOybm qnnar-qMMdS> ZJa{dH$mg àm{YH$aU ({nqMàm), {VMo AÜ`j lr{Zdmg nmQ>rbAm{U lr{Zdmg nmQ>bm§Mo dJ©{‘Ì, Xoeâ ^yI§S> ì`dhmamVrb H$m¡eë`mH$[aVmJmObobo XoemMo ‘mOr ajm‘§Ìr gÜ`mMo ‘hmamï´>mMo ‘w»`‘§Ìr ‘mZZr` lr.eaXM§ÐamdOr ndma.

eoVH$è`mbm {Zdm©{gV H$aUmam ^yI§S> ì`mnma^yI§S>mMo AW©H$maU gJù`m ‘moR>çm eham§Vrb amOH$maUmMm nm`m Pmbo

Amho. IoS>r AmogmS> nS>V AmhoV. IoS>çm§Vrb bú‘r "Zohê$ZrVr'à‘mUo bwQy>ZehamV AmUyZ Q>mH$br OmV Amho, H$maImZXmamMr dmT> VoWo hmoVo Amho.Amnë`m hadcoë`m bú‘rÀ`m emoYmV eoVH$ar nmoao {Zd©m{gV ~ZyZ Pw§S>rÀ`mPw§S>rZo ehamV òV AmhoV. ehao ’w$JV AmhoV, {VWë`m O{‘Zrbm gmoÝ`mMm^md òV Amho. eham§À`m dmT>Ë`m gr‘m§À`m AmgnmgÀ`m O{‘Zr ImOJr{~ëS>a Am{U Xbmb {dH$V KoVmV, AJXr ‘mVr‘mob ^mdmZo, EH$JÇ>m, AJXrEH$aÀ`m EH$a {dH$V KoVmV. Ë`m§Mo ßbm°Q nmSy>Z nmÊ`mMr, gm§S>nmÊ`mMr,{dOoMr, añË`m§Mr gmo` H$aVmV. _J hoM ßcm°Q> eoVH$è`m§Zm {‘imboë`m{H$_VrÀ`m XmoZeo, nmMeo, hOma nQ> ^mdmZo Mm¡ag ’w$Q>mÀ`m {hemo~mZo{dH$bo OmVmV. eharH$aUmV O{‘ZrÀ`m dmT>Umè`m {H$_VrMm ’$m`XmeoVH$è`mbm {‘iV Zmhr. Vmo {Zdm©{gV ~ZVmo, XoemYS>rbm bmJVmo Am{UË`mÀ`mM O{‘Zrda AmR>dS>çmâmV {~ëS>a bmoH$ ‘mbo‘mb hmoD$Z OmVmV.`m bmoH$m§Mr VmH$X ’$ma ‘moR>r. gaH$mar A{YH$mar, nmo{bg `m§Zm Vo nmogVmV.ñWm{ZH$ nwT>mar Ë`m§À`m Vmbmda ZmMVmV Am{U ‘moR>çm ZoË`merhr `mbmoH$m§Mo g§nH©$ ’$ma K{Zð>. `m ZoË`m§À`m ghH$m`m©IoarO B‘maVr ~m§YÊ`mMmAm{U ^yI§S>mMm ì`mnma ’$m`Xoera hmoD$M eH$V Zmhr.

n[agmhÿZ Wmoa, ^yI§S> ì`mnma


énò Amho. eoVH$è`m§À`m ë`mÀ`m H$mhr MwQ>nyQ> hmbMmbr hm Q´>ñQ> XmIdVmo;nU eoVH$è`m§Zm XoemoYS>rbm bmdyZ Ë`m§À`m {Ji§H¥$V Ho$boë`m O{‘ZrdaImoè`mZo n¡gm AmoT>Ê`mMo H$m‘ hm Q´>ñQ> H$aVmo. mg§~§Yr ‘w§~B© Cƒ Ý`m`mb`mZoMm¡H$er g{‘Vr Zo‘mdr Agm AmXoe ‘hmamï´> emgZmbm {Xbm hmoVm. VmoH$moQ>m©Mm AmXoe YwS>H$mdyZ bmdÊ`mV Ambobm Amho. Mm¡H$erMr gwédmVgwÕmPmbobr Zmhr. H$maU H$Xm{MV ho Agmdo H$s, `m Q´>ñQ>Mo à‘wI AmhoV ‘mZZrèaXM§ÐamdOr ndma.

Xbmb Am{U nwT>mar `m§À`m ^yI§S> ì`dhmam§Mo {‘lU A{VOhmb PmboAmho. ‘w§~B©V AbrH$So> KS>bobo X§Jo, Iao åhQ>bo Va, OmVr` ZìhVo.PmonS>nÅ>>çm§Zr ì`mnbobr OmJm ‘moH$ir H$ê$Z VoWo ~m§YH$m‘ H$aÊ`mH$[aVmX§JoYmono Am{U O{iVo {Z`moOZnyd©H$ KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mV Ambr hmoVr Am{U`mV WmoaWmoa ZoË`m§Mm hmV hmoVm ho AmVm ñnîQ> hmoD$ bmJbo Amho.

‘mdù`m§Mo Jw§S>{Jarbm AmìhmZ`m Agë`m ^`mZH$ Am{W©H$, amOH$maUr Am{U Jw§S>{JarÀ`m gm‘Ï`m©bm

AmìhmZ Úm`bm Cô am{hbo Amho ‘mdimVrb ho {YQw>H$bo Jmd Am{U Ë`mVrb‘yR>â eoVH$ar.

{MIbrV AmO Oo dmXi Cô am{hbo Amho Ë`mMm B{Vhmg WmoS>Š`mVgm§JÊ`mgmaIm Amho. {MIbr JmdmVrb OdiOdi hOma EH$a O{‘Zrg§nmXZ H$aÊ`mg§~§Yr gaH$mar A{YgyMZm 1970 gmbr {ZKmbr. `mM doirqnnar qMMdS>À`m {dñVmamH$[aVm AemM A{YgyMZm BVahr Xhm Jmdm§V{ZKmë`m. A{YgyMZm {ZKmë`m~amo~a H$O© XoUo ~§X Pmbo, hñVm§VaUmMo gd©ì`dhma ñW{JV Pmbo.

1972 _Üò qnnar {M§MdS> ZJa{dH$mg àm{YH$aU ñWmnZm H$aÊ`mVAmbo. `m àm{YH$aUmMm hoVy "Zm Z’$m Zm VmoQ>m' `m VÎdmda {Zdmgr Ka~m§YUrgmR>r ßbm°Q> CnbãY H$ê$Z XoUo hm hmoVm Am{U Amho.

1976 _Üò eoVH$è`m§Zr ‘hmamï´> eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm ñWmnZm Ho$br Am{U `mg§ñWoV’}$ eoVrMr O‘rZ g§nmXZ H$aÊ`mg {damoY Ho$bm; nU ‘miamZ O‘rZXoÊ`mMr V`mar XmIdbr.

Aën ânmB©V ^yg§nmXZmMm à`ËZ1986 _Üò O‘rZ g§nmXZmMm AmXoe {ZKmbm. gd©gmYmaUnUo O{‘ZrMr

{H$_V EH$ar 4000 énò R>abr. Ë`mda 30 Q>ŠHo$ gm§ËdZm Am{U ì`mO Ago

R>aboë`m {H$‘VrÀ`m AmYmamZo ‘mo~Xë`mMr {H$_V R>adbr OmD$ bmJbr.gJù`m OJâ IoS>çmnmS>çmV Am{U eham§VgwÕm Zm|XUr Pmbobr {H$§_VAnwar AgVo, ho OJà{gÕ Amho. VarXoIrb Aem ‘moS>Š`mVmoS>Š`m AmYmamZoMeoVH$è`m§À`m O{‘Zr emgZ hñVJV H$aVo. Zm|XUrÀ`m doir gaH$mabm{‘iUmao ñQ>±n ’$sMo CËnÞ H$‘r hmoD$ Zò åhUyZ H$mhr dfmªnydu gaH$maZoàËòH$ JmdmV doJdoJù`m ^mJmH$[aVm ñQ>±n ’$sMr aŠH$‘ AmH$maÊ`mgmR>rIaoXr-{dH«$sÀ`m à‘m{UV {H$_Vr R>adyZ {Xë`m AmhoV. gaH$mar H$m‘mgmR>rO‘rZ g§nmXZ H$aVmZm ‘mÌ `m à‘m{UV {H$_VrMm dmna Ho$bm OmV Zmhr.

^yI§S> ì`dhmam§Mo A{VOhmb {‘lUeoVH$è`m§Zm XoemoYS>r bmdbo Am{U O‘rZ ImË`mÀ`m qH$dm g§ñWoÀ`m

Vmã`mV Ambr H$r ‘J nwT>mar Am{U Ë`m§Mr XmoñV ‘§S>ir Ë`m O{‘ZtMo bMHo$VmoS>VmV. ‘hmamï´>mV AZoH$ g§ñWmMm à‘wI CÚmoJM ‘wir g§nmXZ Ho$boë`mO{‘Zr {Ji§H¥$V H$aUo hm Amho. nwÊ`mÀ`m H¥${f CËZÞ ~mOma g{‘VrMoCXmhaU, ‘mgbm åhUyZ nwago Amho. JwbQ>oH$S>r oWrb eoV‘mbmÀ`m ~mOmamgmR>ràM§S> O‘rZ gaH$maZo `m g§ñWoÀ`m hmVr {Xbr. H¥${f CËnÞ ~mOma g{‘VrZoeoVH$è`m§À`m ‘mbmbm ^md {‘imdm åhUyZ AmOn`ªV H$mhrhr Ho$coco Zmhr;nU g{‘VrÀ`m A{YH$mamVrb OmJm nwT>mè`m§À`m, A{YH$mè`m§À`mAmág§~§{Y`m§Zm ~hmb H$aÊ`mMm gnmQ>m ‘mÌ Mmbdbm Amho. eoV‘mbmÀ`m~mOmamH$[aVm g§nmXZ Ho$bobr O‘rZ Xmê$Mo JwÎmo, hm°Q>ob, ‘moQ>magm`H$br-‘moQ>maJmS>çm `m§Mr XwH$mZo, J°g EOÝgr Agë`m dmQ>ob Ë`m H$m‘mH$[aVm {XbrAmho. H¥${f CËnÞ ~mOma g{‘VrÀ`m A{YH$mamVrb O‘rZ {~JaeoVr H$aÊ`mMrJaO ZgVo Am{U ehar H$‘mb YmaUoMm H$m`Xmhr {Vbm bmJy nS>V Zmhr.åhUyZ ‘moR>o nwT>mar g{‘VrH$Sy>Z OmJm 99 dfmªÀ`m ^mSo>nÅ>çmZo KoVmV.

eoVH$è`m§À`m gmo`rgmR>r EH$ EH$amMr OmJm amIyZ R>odbobr hmoVr. EH${Xdg g{‘VrZo EH$m ~¡R>H$sV EoZdoiMm {df` åhUyZ `m O{‘ZrMm àíZ{dMmamV KoVbm Am{U EH$m Q´>ñQ>mbm Vr O‘rZ {H$aH$moi ‘mo~Xbm KoD$ZXoD$Z Q>mH$br. Á`m {Xder hm R>amd Pmbm Ë`m {Xder Agm H$moUVm Q´>ñQ>ApñVËdmVM ZìhVm. Agm Q´>ñQ> H$aÊ`mg§~§YrMm AO© Y‘m©Xm` Am`wº$m§H$So>XmIb Pmbm VmoM ‘wir O{‘ZrÀ`m K~mS>mg§~§Yr g{‘VrMm R>amd Pmë`mZ§Va!`m Q´>ñQ>Zo eoVH$è`m§À`m gmo`rMo H$moUVo H$m‘ Ho$bo? Va Ë`m ßbm°Q>da EH$‘§Jb H$m`m©b` ~m§Ybo. `m ‘§Jb H$m`m©b`mMo amoOMo ^mSo> ~mam Vo drg hOma


1) àm{YH$aUmMo H$m‘ "Zm Z’$m Zm VmoQ>m' VÎdmda {Zdmgr ßbm°Q> V`maH$ê$Z XoUo ho Amho. H$maImZXmar dgmhVtMm {dH$mg ho àm{YH$aUmMo (qn{Màm)H$m‘ Zmhr.

2) ‘wimV {Zdmg H$m‘mH$[aVm O{‘ZrMo g§nmXZ Pmbobo AgVmZm Xwgè`mH$moUË`mhr H$m‘mH$[aVm O{‘ZrMm dmna H$aUo ^yg§nmXZ H$m`Úmg Yê$Z Zmhr.åhUOo, A`moÜòÀ`m ‘§{XamÀ`m ^modVmbMr O‘rZ àdmem§À`m gwIgmo`rH$[aVmåhUyZ g§nmXZ H$am`Mr Am{U ‘J {VWo am‘‘§{Xa ~Zdm`Mo! ho H$m`Úmbm‘mÝ` Zmhr. Ë`m‘wio gd© ^yg§nmXZmMr H$madmB©M aÔ~mVb hmoVo. hm ~XbKS>dyZ AmUÊ`mgmR>r qnqMàmZo {KgmS>KmB©Zo H$madmB© Mmbdbr Amho. `m~XbmgmR>r Á`m A{YH$mè`m§Mr g§‘Vr Amdí`H$ Amho Ë`m§Zrhr hr g§‘Vr{Xbobr Zmhr; nU Varhr hr O‘rZ Q>oëH$mocm XoD$Z ì`dhma nwam H$aÊ`mMr‘moR>r JS>~S> CS>mbr Amho.

eoVH$è`m§Mm {damoY ‘moSy>Z H$mTy> - eoVH$arnwÌ eaX ndma{MIbrÀ`m eoVH$è`m§Zr WmoS>mgm {ZfoYmMm gya H$mT>ë`m~amo~a gd©

{hVg§~§Yr ‘§S>ir MdVmiyZ CR>br. Q>mQ>m§À`m H$maImÝ`mVrb H$m‘Jmam§MonwT>mar gagmdyZ CR>bo. H$maImÝ`mMm {dñVma Pmcm nm{hOo, H$m‘Jmam§ZmZmoH$è`m {‘imë`m nm{hOo, `m {dñVmamÀ`m AmS> H$moUr Ambo Va Vo IndyZKoVbo OmUma Zmhr Aer ^mfm Vo dmnê$ bmJbo.

H$maImÝ`mMm {dñVma Pmë`m‘wio 450 H$moQ>r én`m§Mo CËnmXZ dmT>ob,3000 H$m‘Jmam§Zm ZmoH$è`m {‘iVrb, {MIbrÀ`m eoVH$è`m§Zr O‘rZ {XbrZmhr Va Q>mQ>m JwOamVoV OmÊ`mMm {dMma H$aVrb, VoWo gaH$maZo Ë`m§Zm ’w$H$Q>O‘rZ XoD$ Ho$br Amho Aem Y‘Š`mhr ehmOmoJ ‘§S>ir XoD$ bmJbr Am{Ugdm©V eodQ>r, 15 ‘o 1993 amoOr eaX ndmam§Zr JO©Zm Ho$br, "hr O‘rZÚm`Mo R>abo Amho, Amåhr Vr XoUma AmhmoV. `m O{‘Zrda eoVH$ar eoVr H$aVAgVrb Va Vo A{VH«$‘U Amho. O‘rZ XoÊ`mg {damoY Ho$bm Va Vmo Amåhr‘moSy>Z H$mTy> ..... BË`mXr'

eoVH$è`m§Mm bT>mB©Mm {ZYm©a{MIbrZo ho AmìhmZ ñdrH$mabo Amho. amï´>r` {hVmÀ`m AmS> òÊ`mMm

Ë`m§Mm H$moUVmhr hoVy Zmhr. H$maImÝ`mÀ`m {dñVmamÀ`m AmS> òÊ`mMr Ë`m§Mr‘wirM BÀN>m Zmhr. gaH$maZo Ë`m§Mr ^y‘r g§nmXZ Ho$br Amho ho ‘wir Ë`m§Zm‘mÝ` Zmhr. O{‘ZrMo ‘mbH$ eoVH$ar AmhoV, Ë`m§Mr d{hdmQ> Mmby Amho.

gJio {‘iyZ eoVH$è`mbm Xa EH$ar 12 Vo 16 hOma énò {‘imdo AgmgaH$mar {ZU©` Pmbm. H$mhr AS>ë`mZS>ë`m eoVH$è`m§Zr n¡go KoVbo, H$mhr§Zr`mVyZ gwQ>H$m Zmhr Aem ^mdZoZo {ZfoY Zm|XdyZ n¡go ñdrH$mabo; nU ~hþg§»èoVH$è`m§Zr n¡go KoVbo ZmhrV. EdT>oM Zìho Va, O{‘ZrMm Vm~m gmoS>Ê`mgZH$ma {Xbm. O‘rZ Vmã`mV KoVë`mMm ImoQ>m n§MZm‘m àm{YH$aUmZo H$m`m©b`mV~gyZ nwam Ho$bm Am{U Ë`mda n§MmÀ`m `w{º$-b~mS>rZo gøm KoVë`m, `m~m~VVnerbdma ‘m{hVr 9 ‘o 93 À`m Q>mBåg Am°’$ B§{S>`m‘Üò {Xbr Amho. hmH$mJXmonÌr ì`dhma Pmbm. eoVH$ar Amnbo eoVrMo ì`dhma H$aVM am{hbo.7/12 À`m CVmè`mda àm{YH$aUmMm H$ãOm XmIdÊ`mV Ambm, Ë`m~ÔbeoVH$è`m§Zr {ZfoY Zm|Xdbm; nU AÝ`m` H$aUmao {ZU©` XoUmao Am{U Ë`m§MrA§‘b~OmdUr H$aUmao gJio EH$M. Ë`m‘wio 7/12 À`m CVmè`mVrb’o$a’$mam~Ôb ’$ma H$mhr JS>~S> Ho$br Zmhr.

eoVH$ar O‘rZ H$gV am{hbo. AmOhr VoWo emiyMr {nHo$ KoVë`mÀ`m ñnï>IwUm AmhmoV Jwbm~mMr ~mJ Amho, AemoH$mMr Am{U BVa PmS>m§Mr dZeoVrAmho Am{U Mm§Jbr ~haUmar Am‘amB©hr S>mobV Amho. `m H$mimV VoWo {dhraKoVbr Jobr. EH$m eoVmbm Va ‘hmamï´> amÁ` {dÚwV ‘§S>imZo AJXr AbrH$So>,åhUOo 1990 _Üò {dOoMo H$ZoŠeZgwÕm {Xbo Amho.

Mma hOmamMo AH$am bmI!{MIbrÀ`m O{‘ZrÀ`m H$‘©H$Wobm Zdr H$bmQ>Ur {‘imbr Vr 6 OmZodmar

1993 amoOr. Ë`m {Xder VËH$mbrZ gajU‘§Ìr ‘mZZr` lr. eaXM§ÐamdOrndma nwÊ`mg ôQ>rg Ambo hmoVo Am{U Ë`m§Zr {MIbrÀ`m O{_Zrn¡H$s Q>mQ>m§À`mQ´>H$ H$maImÝ`mÀ`m {dñVmamgmR>r 100 EH$a O‘rZ XoÊ`mMo Omhra Ho$bo. EH$‘{hÝ`mZo qnnar qMMdS> n«m{YH$aUmZo Q>oëH$mobm Ë`mhrnwT>o OmD$Z 188 EH$aO‘rZ XoÊ`mMo Omhra Ho$bo. hr O‘rZ AmVm {Zdmgr Cn`moJmH$[aVm dmnacrZ OmVm H$maImZXmargmR>r dmnacr OmB©c Agm ~Xchr qnnar qMMdS>àm{YH$aUmZo Omhra H$ê$Z Q>mH$bm. `m ^mJmV AmVm O{‘ZrMr {H$_V 50-55 énò à{VMm¡ag ’y$Q> Amho. nU Q>oëH$mobm, KmD$H$ {JèhmB©H$ åhUyZ, 25énò à{VMm¡ag ’y$Q> qH$dm 11 bmI énò à{V EH$a ^mdmZo XoÊ`mMm gm¡XmPmë`mMo g‘OVo. eoVH$è`m§À`m hmVr AgVmZm Á`m O{‘ZrMr {H$_V 4000é. EH$a hmoVr, Vr AmVm 11 bmI énò EH$amMr Pmbr!

`m gJù`m ì`dhmamV Jmob‘mb Jm|Yi ’$ma ‘moR>m Amho


ãmmOma^mdmZo {dH$Ê`mMr nadmZJr Aem O{‘ZtÀ`m ‘mbH$m§Zm ì`{º$JVAWdm EH${ÌV O~m~Xmarda XoÊ`mV òB©c. Aem VèhoZo O{‘ZrMm {dH$mgH$aUo eoVH$è`mÀ`m Hw$dVr~mhoa Agob Va Ë`mbm {dH$mgIM© dOm OmVm{dH${gV O{‘ZrÀ`m {H$_VrÀ`m Odinmg {H$_V {‘imbr nm{hOo' (amï´>r`H¥${fZrVr, eaX Omoer, n¥ð>o 37, 38)

‘mdio nwÝhm B{Vhmg KS>dUmaIwë`m AW©ì`dñWoV gaH$mar ^yg§nmXZmg Am{W©H$ jooÌmV Var ñWmZ

Zmhr, ^yg§nmXZmMm H$m`Xm ‘moS>rV H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r ‘mdimVrb eoVH$ar CR>VmoAmho. ‘mdimMm eoVH$ar CR>Vmo Voìhm Voìhm B{Vhmg KS>Vmo hmhr B{VhmgAmho. Amnbo {edma dmMdm`bm {MIbr g‚m Pmbr Amho. BVa eoVH$è`m§ZmhrAmnë`mbm {edmamÀ`m ajUmgmR>r Cô amhmdo bmJob.

(eoVH$ar g§KQ>H$, 21 ‘o 1993)

Q>oëH$mobm ì`dhma H$am`Mm Agob Va Vmo Ë`m§Zr nañna eoVH$è`m§er Ho$bmnm{hOo, àm{YH$aUmer Zmhr. AmVm `m O{‘ZrH$[aVm eoVH$è`m§À`m hmVmdaEH$ar 4000 énòo {Q>H$dÊ`mMr ^mfm Pmbr, VrM O‘rZ àm{YH$aUmZo, Ë`mVEH$ XJS>hr BH$S>À`m {VH$So>gwÕm hbdbm Zmhr Var AmVm 22 bmI énòEH$amMr Pmbr Amho. Q>oëH$mobm 11 bmI én`m§g {Xbr OmV Amho Am{UË`mMm ’$m`Xm àm{YH$aUmer g§~§{YV Q>moi^¡ad A{YH$mar Am{U nwT>mar KoUmaAmhoV. ho eoVH$è`m§Zm ‘mÝ` Zmhr. `mgmR>r bT>m XoÊ`mMr Ë`m§Zr V`mar Ho$brAmho Am{U ‘hmamï´>âMo eoVH$ar Ë`m§Zm gmW XoVrb Agm Ë`m§Zm {dœmgAmho.

hrhr Iwë`m AW©ì`dñWoMr bT>mB©Zohê$ ì`dñWoV eoVH$è`m§Zm âS>Ê`mMr AZoH$ gmYZo dmnaÊ`mV Ambr.

eoVr VmoQ>çmV R>odÊ`mMr YmoaUo Am{U eham§Zm nmogÊ`mMr YmoaUo `WmpñWVMmbbr. eoVH$è`m§Zm âS>Ê`mÀ`m `m gmYZmV ^yg§nmXZmMm H$m`Xm AË`§VAÝ`m`r Am{U H$R>moa åhQ>bm nm{hOo. AmVm Zohê$ì`dñWm g§nbr Amho,Iwë`m ì`dñWoH$S>o dmQ>Mmc gwê$ Pmcr Amho. AW©ì`dñWoVrb gaH$marhñVjon ‘moSy>Z H$mT>Ê`mMm eoVH$è`m§Zr {ZYm©a Ho$bm Amho. 30 OmZodmar1993 amoOr godmJ«m‘ òWo Am{U 31 ‘mM© 1993 amoOr bmb{H$ëë`mdaeoVH$è`m§Zr Iwë`m AW©ì`dñWogmR>r bT>Ê`mMm Amnbm {ZYm©a Omhra Ho$bm.eharH$aUmg gm‘moè`m Amboë`m eoVO{‘Zt~Ôb H$m` ì`dñWm Agmdr mg§~§Yr"amï´>r` H¥${f ZrVr' `m ‘gwÚmV ñWm`r H¥${f gëbmJma g{‘VrZo åhQ>bo-

56. ‘moR>r ehao Am{U ‘hmZJao `m§À`m gr‘m§darb eoVH$è`m§Zm EH$mJ§^ra g‘ñòbm Vm|S> Úmdo bmJV Amho. eham§À`m {dñVmamgmR>r Ë`m§À`mO{‘Zr Vmã`mV KoVë`m OmV AmhoV. `m O{‘Zr gm‘mÝ`V… H$‘rV H$‘r {H$_VXoD$Z Vmã`mV KoVë`m OmVmV. `m O{‘ZtMr WmoS>r’$ma gwYmaUm Ho$ë`mZ§VaË`§mZm â‘gmQ> {H$_Vr {‘iVmV. Á`m eoVH$è`mbm Amnbo ho CnOr{dHo$MogmYZ gmoS>Uo ^mJ nmS>bo OmVo Ë`mbm O{‘ZrÀ`m {‘imboë`m VwQ>nw§Á`m{H$_VrVyZ Zdm CÚmoJì`dgm` gwê$ H$aUo ‘wpíH$b hmoD$Z ~gVo. `mnwT>o,O{‘Zr‘YyZ CËnmXZ H$mT>rV Agboë`m eoVH$è`mbm Amnbr O‘rZ gmoS>Ê`mg^mJ nmS>bo OmUma Zmhr Ago YmoaU amhrb. eoVH$ar Or O‘rZ H$gV ZgVrbË`m O{‘ZtMm {dH$mg $H$ê$Z g§~§{YV ZJa {dH$mg A{YH$mè`mZo ‘§OyaHo$boë`m `moOZm d AmamIS>çmZwgma ßbm°Q> nmS>Ê`mMr d Z§Va Vo Iwë`m


^yI§S>Imoam§Mr gÎmm Aì`mhV Mmby Amho, H$maU Ë`m§À`m Y§ÚmV dmT>Vr~aH$V Amho; O{‘ZrÀ`m Xbmbm§Zm, ~m§YH$m‘ ì`mdgm{`H$m§Zm Am{U Ë`mnojmnwT>mè`m§Zm.

‘w§~B©À`m ~m±~ñ’$moQ> àH$aUmV EH$ Jmoï> ñnï> Pmbr. VñH$ar Am{U ^yI§S>`m XmoÝhr Y§Úm§Mm ‘moR>m {Odm^mdmMm g§~§Y Amho. VñH$am§Zm O{‘Zrda JwXm‘o,B‘maVr, g§XoedhZ ì`dñWm Amdí`H$ AmhoV. ^yI§S>Imoam§Zm VñH$arVJw§VdUwH$sbm Mm§Jbm dmd Amho. én`m n[adV©Zr` Pmbm; gmoÝ`mMr Am`mVIwbr Pmbr. Ë`m‘wio VñH$am§da J§S>m§Va Ambo. Vo Xmê$Jmoù`mÀ`m dmhVwH$sH$So>dibo; nU yI§S>m§À`m joÌmbm IwbonUm AÚmn {edbobm Zmhr. VoWo bm`goÝg-na{‘Q>amÁ` AOyZhr Mmby Amho.

~hþaËZm dgw§YameharH$aUm‘wio O{‘ZrÀ`m {H$_Vr gmoÝ`mnbrH$So> S>H$ë`m AmhoV. eoH$S>mo

H$m`Úm§À`m O§Jbm‘wio ‘m¡ë`dmZ O{‘Zr§À`m ‘mb‘Îmm§Mo ‘mbH$s hŠH$ dmXm§VnS>bo. gÎmmYmar A{YH$mam§Mm Xwén`moJ H$ê$Z ‘hmJm‘mobmÀ`m O{‘Zrda_Z‘mZob Vgm hmV _marV AmhoV. n[aUm‘r ^yI§S> hm â‘gmQ> ’$m`ÚmMmàM§S> ì`mnma Pmbm Amho.

H$ë`mUH$matZr Ho$bo H$ë`mU^mSo>H$ê$ H$m`ÚmMoM CXmhaU ¿`m. IwiMQ> H$ë`mUH$mar H$ënZm§Zr

^mSo>H$ê$§Zm AdmñVd g§ajU XoÊ`mV Ambo. Ë`m‘wio ^mSo>H$ê$§Zm bm°Q>arbmJbr Am{U ‘mbH$ A^mJr R>abo. ^mSo>H$ê$§Zr {Jibobr ‘mb‘Îmm ‘moH$irH$aUo; Oê$a nSo>b Vgo H$m`Xoera dm ~oH$m`Xoera, dmQ>ob Vo ‘mJ© dmnê$ZKa‘mbH$m§Zm Ë`m§Mr O‘rZ {Zd}Y H$ê$Z XoUo qH$dm AS>MUrV gmnS>boë`m‘mbH$m§H$Sy>Z Ë`m§Mr ‘mb‘Îmm nSo>b Ë`m ^mdmZo IaoXr H$ê$Z Z§Va Vr {Zd}YH$ê$Z KoUo; hm AZoH$ J§wS>m§À`m goZm§Mm Am{U nwT>mè`m§Mm ‘moR>m VoOrMmì`dgm` Pmbm Amho.

AemM IwiMQ> ñdñV bmoH$a§OZmÀ`m YmoaUm§Zr eoVrÀ`m Am{U eharO{‘Zrg§~§Yr H$‘mb YmaUoMo H$m`Xo Pmbo AmhoV. H$‘mb ‘`m©XoÀ`m daÁ`m§À`mH$So> O‘rZ {ZKobo Vr O‘rZ ‘mVr‘mobmZo gaH$maÀ`m hmVr òVo Am{UbJoM ‘mVr‘mobmMr ~ZVo. H$m`ÚmÀ`m `m H$hmamVyZ gwQ>Ê`mÀ`m nidmQ>mhrAmhoV; nU Ë`m gJù`m§À`m {H$ëë`m gÎmmYmè`m§À`m hmVr. VgoM H$moUVmhrO{‘ZrMm VwH$S>m eoVr, H$maImZXmar, {Zdmgr, gmd©O{ZH$ Aem doJdoJù`m

ZD$

^yI§S>Imoam§Mm ~§Xmo~ñV

gJio Jw§S> hQ>boXoemVrb emgZmMr gmar gyÌo ^yI§S>g‘«mQ>m§H$So> OmÊ`mMm YmoH$m Amho.

Vgo amOH$maU eoVH$ar, H$m‘Jma, H$maImZXma, ì`mnmar AmXr CËnmXH$m§À`mhmVr H$YrM ZìhVo. ñdmV§Í`mZ§Va Vo A{YH$m{YH$ hmV^Å>rdmbo, VñH$a,bm`g|g na{‘Q>Xma, H$mim~mOmadmbo, ‘mXH$ Ðì`m§Mr dmhVyH$ H$aUmao,^yI§S>Imoa Am{U ZmoH$aXma `m§À`m hmVr Jobo. {OëømMo amOH$maUhmV^Å>rdmë`m§À`m hmVmV, amÁ` ZoV¥Ëd VñH$a Am{U ^yI§S>Imoa `m§Zm gwnyX©,H$maImZXmar d Am`mV-{Z`m©Vg§~§Yr nadmÝ`m§Mo Ioi H$aUmao Ho$ÝÐmV Am{U‘mXH$ Ðì`m§Mo dmhVyH$Xma I{bñVmZ, Vm{‘iBb‘ BË`mXr ’w$Q>ra JQ>m§V AergJù`m Jw§S>m§Zr Am{U XmXm§Zr XoemMr AmnmngmV dmQ>Ur H$ê$Z KoVbr Amho.

Joë`m XmoZ dfmªnmgyZ n[apñWVr PnmQ>çmZo ~XbV Amho. `m Jw§S> XmXm§ZmnmogUmao dfm©Zwdf} MmbV Ambobo ^«ï>mMmamMo H$mhr àH$ma WmoSo> AmQ>moŠ`mVòoV AmhoV; {ZXmZ Vo AmQ>moŠ`mV òVrb Aer {MÝho {XgV AmhoV; nU^yI§S>mMm ^«ï>mMma ‘mÌ A{YH$m{YH$ ngaV Mmbbm Amho. Ë`m‘wio gJioamOH$maU ^yI§S>m§Mo Ioi H$aUmè`m§À`m hmVmV OmV Amho.

am{hbo ^yI§S>-VñH$aAW©ì`dñWm OgOer Iwbr hmoB©b, naoXer ì`mnma ‘moH$im hmoB©b VgVgo

Am`mV-{Z`m©VrÀ`m nadmÝ`m§Mm Ioi IoiyZ n¡go H$‘mdÊ`mMr eŠ`VmH$moUmbmM amhUma Zmhr. Zm ZmoH$aXmam§Zm, Zm ì`mnmar H$maImZXmam§Zm, ZmnwT>mè`m§Zm. n§Om~‘Yrb n[apñWVr OgOer AmQ>moŠ`mV òB©b VgVgo ‘mXH$Ðì`m§À`m dmhVwH$sMm nm`m CIS>bm OmB©b. VrM n[apñWVr hmV^Å>rXmXm§MrAm{U VñH$am§Mr. gJù`m Jw§S>XmXm§Mr gÔr g§nV Ambr Amho; nU


gmoS>bo Va Ë`mbm H$moUmMmM ’$magm {damoY ZìhVm. O‘rZXmarMr nÕVB§J«Om§Zr ‘hgyb O‘m H$aÊ`mÀ`m gmo`rgmR>r C^r Ho$br. ‘hgyb O‘mH$aÊ`mH$[aVm Ë`m§Zr Zo‘bobo O‘rZXmaM O{‘ZrMo ‘mbH$ hmoD$Z ~gbo. ‘yiHw$iohr ’$maer eoVmda am{hbr ZmhrV. Amnë`m OmJr nmoQ>Hw$io Zo‘yZË`m§À`mH$Sy>Z {‘iUmè`m ‘hgwbmV Amnbm dmQ>m R>odyZ Vr eoVrnmgyZ XyaPmbr. gaH$mar ‘hgyb Jmoim H$aUmè`m ’w$H$Q>ImD$ ‘Ü`ñWm§Mr am§JÀ`m am§JV`ma Pmbr; Ë`m§À`m AmoÂ`mImbr àË`j eoVmda am~Umao Hy$i âS>bo OmD$bmJbo. O‘rZXmam§Zr {‘imbobo n¡go EofAmam‘V, M¡ZrV CYiÊ`mMr àWmR>odbr; eoVrgwYmamH$[aVm H$mhr Jw§VdUyH$ Ho$br Zmhr; CËnmXZ KQ>V MmbboAm{U dmQ>oH$ar dmT>V Mmbbo. gmh{OH$M O‘rZXmar Zï> Ho$br åhUOo eoVrVrbXm[aÐçmMo gJio àíZ gwQy>Z OmVrb Aer gd©‘mÝ` {dMmaYmam hmoVr.O‘rZXma åhUOo Am{W©H$ emofU; O‘rZXma åhUOo ga§Om‘emhrMo Adeof;Ë`m§Zm Xya Ho$ë`mIoarO J«m‘rU {dH$mgmMm lrJUoemgwÕm hmoD$ eH$V Zmhr,`m y{‘Ho$VyZ O‘rZXmar g§ndÊ`mMo H$m`Xo Pmbo. 1955 n ªV O‘rZXmar{damoYrH$m`Úm§‘wio Vrg bmI Hw$im§Zm ~mgï> bmI EH$a O‘rZ O‘rZXmam§H$Sy>Z{‘imbr d Ë`mMm ‘mo~Xbm åhUyZ O‘rZXmam§Zm 670 H$moQ>r énò {‘imbo.åhUOo gamgarZo O‘rZXmam§Zm Xa EH$ar 1000 én`m§da ‘mo~Xbm {‘imbm.Ë`m H$miÀ`m O{‘ZtÀ`m {H$_Vr bjmV KoVm O‘rZXmar Zï> H$aÊ`mÀ`mA{^`mZmV Hw$im§nojm O‘rZXmam§MmM OmñV ’$m`Xm Pmbm Agmdm.eoVrCËnmXH$Vm H$‘r; Hw$io BVH$s ‘hmJar~ H$s Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z ~iOmoarZogwÕmdgwbr H$aUo H$R>rU; EH$m H$miÀ`m O‘rZXmarMm WmQ> _hmb, ‘¡’$br `m§MoH$mn OmD$Z ^moHo$ ’$º$ Cabobr. Aem AdñWoV IMboë`m O‘rZXmam§Zm ânya‘mo~Xbm XoD$Z gaH$maZo O{‘Zr {dH$V ¿`mì`m hr `moOZm na‘oœar daXhñVMdmQ>bm Agbm nm{hOo. hmVr Amboë`m JS>J§O n¡emÀ`m AmYmamZo `m ‘§S>irZrZdo ì`dgm` Mmby Ho$bo, H$maImZXmarV àdoe Ho$bm, J«m‘rU amOH$maUVmã`mV KoVbo. Zohê$H$mimV eoVH$ar{damoYr ì`dñWm C^r H$aÊ`mV `m‘§S>irMm ‘moR>m hmV am{hbm.

‘mbH$ hQ>dmHw$im§H$Sy>Z O‘rZ H$gyZ KoÊ`mMr nÕV O‘rZXmarVM hmoVr Ago Zìho;

a`Vdmar, ‘hmbdmar ì`dñWm§Vhr {Zåå`mda eoVO‘rZ Hw$im§À`mM hmVrhmoVr. eoVrMm XmhH$ AZw^d KoVë`mZ§Va O‘rZ ñdV… H$gÊ`mnojm Vr

PmoZ‘Üò Q>mH$bm H$s Ë`m§À`m {H$‘VrV O‘rZ Añ‘mZmMm ’$aH$ hmoVmo Am{UPmoZ R>adUo ZmoH$aXmam§À`m nwT>mè`m§À`m hmVr!

H$moUVrhr AS>MU Zgbobr O‘rZgwÕm ^yg§nmXZ H$m`ÚmZo AS>MUrVAmUVm òVo. gmd©O{ZH$ H$m‘mH$[aVm åhUyZ O{‘Zr g§nmXZ H$am`À`m Am{UZ§Va Ë`mMm Cn`moJ ñdV…À`m qH$dm {‘Ì‘§S>itÀ`m ’$m`ÚmH$[aVm H$aÊ`mMmhm ì`dhma Jw§S> amOH$maÊ`m§À`m hmVr "n[ag'Pmbm Amho.

‘mb‘ÎmoÀ`m hŠH$mIoarO Iwbr ì`dñWmJ§‘V Aer H$s ‘wº$ AW©ì`dñWoÀ`m KmofUm Pmë`m Var O{‘Zrg§~§Yr

Zohê$H$mbrZ H$m`XoH$mZy§Mo KZKmoa O§Jb N>mQ>Ê`mMr ^mfmXoIrb H$moR>o gwê$Pmbobr Zmhr. ‘mb‘ÎmoMm hŠH$ hm ‘wº$ AW©ì`dñWoMm nm`m Amho. O‘rZAm{U ‘mb‘Îmm Iwbr ZgVrb Va H$moUVrhr ì`dñWm Iwbr hmoD$M eH$UmaZmhr. Am{W©H$ gwYmaUm ehar joÌmnmerM òD$Z Wm§~ë`m AmhoV. IoSo>JmdmVAm{U eoVrV Ë`m§Zm AOyZ àdoe {‘imbobm Zmhr. VgoM H$mhrgo ‘mb‘Îmo~ÔbPmbo Amho. H$ë`mUH$mar g‘mOdmXr ^mfm åhUOo {Zìdi ~H$dmg Amho,gaH$ma H$moUVohr H$m‘ H$m`©j‘VoZo H$ê$ eH$V Zmhr ho gd©‘mÝ` Pmbo; nUAem J~mi gaH$maÀ`m hmVmV gJù`m O‘rZOw‘ë`mMr àmW{‘H$ ‘mbH$sAmho. ZmJ[aH$m§Mo hŠH$ Jw§S>miyZ R>odyZ O{‘Zrg§~§Yr {Z`‘ ~XëÊ`mMr,EdT>oM Zìho Va gmd©O{ZH$ {hVmH$[aVm åhUyZ O{‘ZrMo g§nmXZ H$aÊ`mMr{Za§Hw$e gÎmm emgZmÀ`m hmVr AmOhr Amho. hr gJir hË`mao ^«ï> Am{UJ~mi nwT>mar Am{U ZmoH$aXma AOyZhr naOV AmhoV. O{‘ZtÀ`m ‘mbH$s~ÔbZohê$àUrV ì`dñWm AerM gwê$ am{hbr Va ^yI§S>Imoam§Mo ’$mdUma Amho.BVa Jw§S>XmXm§Zm dogU ~gbr Am{U ^yI§S>Imoam§Zm ‘mÌ ‘moH$io amZ {‘imboVa gJim Xoe Ë`m§À`m hmVr òUma Amho.

O{‘ZrÀ`m Jwbm‘rMm B{Vhmg … O‘rZXma R>oMmB§J«Or A‘bmV, gmd©O{ZH$ H$m‘mgmR>r O{‘Zr g§nmXZ H$aÊ`mMr H$m`Xm

EH$mo{Ugmì`m eVH$mÀ`m eodQ>rM Pmbobm hmoVm. ñdmV§Í`mÀ`m H$mhr H$miAmYrnmgyZ O{‘ZrMo ’o$admQ>n KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo H$m`XoH$mZy H$aÊ`mggwédmV Pmbr, VoìhmnmgyZ O{‘ZrÀ`m ‘mbH$sda n[aUm‘ H$aUmao VrZ doJdoJù`màH$maMo H$m`Xo H$aÊ`mV Ambo; 1) O‘rZXmar g§ndUmao H$m`Xo 2) Hw$im§ZmO{‘ZrMr ‘mbH$s XoUmao H$m`Xo 3) O‘rZYmaUoda ‘`m©Xm KmbUmao H$m`Xo.

O‘rZXmar Zï> H$aÊ`mMm H$m`©H«$‘ ‘moR>m bmoH${à` hmoVm. H$mhr O‘rZXma


hmoVo, "ehamVrb ì`mnmardJ© B§J«Om§À`m ‘XVrZo a`VoMo emofU H$aVmo Am{UË`m nmnm~Ôb Ë`mbm EH$ {Xdg na‘oœamÀ`m Xa~mar PmS>m bmJob' Ago‘hmË‘mOr§Zr naIS>nUo åhQ>bo. `mCbQ> gmdH$ma, O‘rZXma JmdJmS>çmMo ^mJAmhoV; eoVH$ar- O‘rZXma g§Kf© JmdMm A§VJ©V ‘m‘bm Amho; Vmo JmdmVë`mJmdmV gmoS>dVm òB©b Aer Jm§YrdmXr ^y{‘H$m hmoVr.

ñQ>°{cZMo {h§XwñWmZr AdVmañdmV§Í`m~amo~a Jm§Yr§Mm Ñ{ï>H$moZ ~mOyg hQ>bm Am{U g‘mOdmXr {dMma

gd©‘mÝ` Pmbm. ñQ>°{cZZo gmopìhEQ> a{e`mV ‘moR>çm eoVH$è`m§À`m {déÕàMmamMr dmdQ>i CR>dyZ AIoarg Ë`m§Mo Q>±H$ ~§XwH$m§À`m gmhmæ`mZo {eaH$mUHo$bo. {h§XwñWmZmV OhmJraXma-gmdH$mam§Zm dmao‘mn ~XZm‘ H$aÊ`mV Ambo;nU Ë`m§À`mda ~§XwH$m MmJë`m ZmhrV. Ë`m§Zm Zm‘eof Ho$bo åhUÊ`mnojm"B§{S>`Z' ì`dñWoV gm‘mdyZ KoÊ`mV Ambo Ago åhUUo OmñV `mo½` hmoB©b.

O‘rZXmar Ho$di {Z{‘ÎmO‘rZXmar Am{U Hw$inÕVr Zï> H$aÊ`mMo H$m`Xo AmVm B{Vhmg ~Zbo

AmhoV. Vo `mo½` hmoVo qH$dm Zmhr `m àíZm§Zm Am{U Ë`mÀ`mdarb MMmªZmAmVm ’$magm AW© Cabobm Zmhr. `m H$m`Úm§Mm n[aUm‘ H$m` Pmbm?O‘rZXmam§Mo H$mhr ’$mago ZwH$gmZ Pmbo Zmhr. Hy$i H$m`Úm§Mm A‘bhrAgmM VmoS>H$m ‘moS>H$m, åhUOo eoVrer gJù`mM g§~§Y VwQ>boë`m ‘mbH$m§À`m~m~VrV Pmbm. {deofV: {~Ja eoVH$ar OmVr§À`m ‘mbH$m§{déÕ Pmbm.

`m H$m`Úm§Mr A§‘b~OmdUr H$mhrhr Agmo, `m H$m`Úm§‘mJrb ^y{‘H$m{H$VnV ~amo~a hmoVr `m~Ôb O~a e§H$m ¿`m`bm OmJm Amho. O‘rZ hog§nÎmrMo gmYZ Amho Am{U O{‘ZrÀ`m dmQ>nmVrb {df‘Vm Xya Ho$ë`mIoarOgm‘m{OH$ Ý`m` àñWm{nV hmoD$M eH$V Zmhr hm {dMma Iam Amho H$m` ?eoVr ho g§nÎmrMo gmYZ, {ZXmZ Joë`m eVH$mâmV ZìhVo, ho AmVm gd©‘mÝ`Pmbo Amho. eoVr ho VmoQ>çmZo gmYZ Amho Am{U gaH$mar YmoaUm‘wio eoVrVmoQ>çmMr am{hbr ho AmVm eoVH$ar Am§XmobZmZo ñnï> Ho$bo Amho. Aem `mVmoQ>çmÀ`m gmYZmMo dmQ>n Ho$ë`mZo eoVH$è`m§Mo Am{U Hw$im§Mo ^bo hmoB©b`mMr H$mhrhr eŠ`Vm ZìhVr. `m H$m`Úm§À`m A§‘b~OmdUrMm AZw^d AgoXmIdVmo H$s Á`mMr O‘rZ Jobr Vo gwIr Pmbo Am{U Á`mÀ`m S>moŠ`mda O‘rZAmbr Vo ~admX Pmbo.

`m H$m`Úm§‘mJrb Xwgar ^y{‘H$m Aer hmoVr H$s ‘moR>r ‘moR>r eoVo Am{U

Xwgè`m H$moUmbm H$gÊ`mgmR>r XoD$Z Ë`mÀ`mH$Sy>Z {‘imbobm I§S> ImVOJmdo hr H$ënZm gJù`m§ZmM AmH$f©H$ dmQ>Vo. N>moQ>o-‘moR>o O‘rZXma, ImoVgmdH$ma `m§À`m O{‘Zr Va ~hþVoH$ H$iwM H$aV AgV. 1955 _Üò EHy$UeoVO{‘Zrn¡H$s 20 % O‘rZ Am{YH¥$VarË`m Hw$im§H$So> hmoVr. OdiOdi{VVH$sM O‘rZ H$mJXmonÌr Zm|X Z H$aVm Hw$im§H$So> hmoVr. åhUOo Hw$im§À`mhmVr OdiOdi 40 % O‘rZ H$gÊ`mgmR>r hmoVr. Hy$i nÕVrV gwYmaUmH$aÊ`mgmR>r H$m`Xo Pmbo. I§S>mMr {H$‘mZ aŠH$‘ {H$Vr Agmdr `mMo à‘mUoR>abo; Hw$im§Zm ‘Z‘mZrZo H$mTy>Z Q>mH$Vm oD$ Z o `mgmR>r VaVwXr Pmë`m Am{UË`mnbrH$So> ÁmmD$Z Hw$im§H$So> ‘mbH$s hŠH$ gmondÊ`mgmR>r gd©M amÁ`mV H$m`XoH$aÊ`mV Ambo.

Hy$i H$m`Úm§Mm A§‘b gwê$ Pmë`mZ§Va, åhUOo 61 _Üò, {eaJUVrà‘mUo77 % O‘rZ ñdV… H$gUmè`m§À`m hmVr hmoVr. 8 % Hw$im§À`m Am{U 15% {‘lì`dñWoV. åhUOo Hy$i H$m`ÚmZo hmVr O‘rZ XoÊ`mMm hoVy ’$ma‘moR>çm à‘mUmda gmÜ` Pmbm Ago {XgV Zmhr. OwÝ`m h¡Xam~mX‘Yrb AmH$So>dmardê$Z Ago {XgVo H$s OwÝ`m Hw$im§n¡H$s ’$º$ 12 % Hw$io åhUyZM H$m‘ H$arVam{hbr; 2 % Hw$im§Zm H$m`Xoera Zmo{Q>gm XoD$Z H$mT>Ê`mV Ambo Am{U 22% Hw$im§Zm YmH$XnQ>em XoD$Z H$mT>Ê`mV Ambo, 17 % Hw$im§Zr ñdIwfrZo(!) Amnbo hŠH$ gmoSy>Z {Xbo. XoemV BVaÌ n[apñWVrhr gmYmaU AerMAgmdr.

’$moS>m Am{U PmoS>mO‘rZXma, O‘rZ‘mbH$, gmdH$ma `m H$mhr IoS>çmVë`m bmoH${à` g§ñWm

ZìhË`m. a`V Ë`m§À`mH$So> Xwamì`mZo nmhr `mV Amü`© Zmhr; nU hr Xwï>Ì`reoVH$è`m§À`m emofUmMo H$mhr Am{XH$maU ZìhVr, eoVH$è`m§À`m emofUmÀ`mOmJ{VH$ ì`dñWoMm eoVH$è`m§À`m gdm©V {ZH$Q>Mm Xwdm hmoVr. Amnë`meoVrÀ`m XwX©eoMr gyÌo b§S>ZhÿZ hbVmV `mMr OmUrd ’w$bo, amZSo>, XmXm^mB©Zm¡amoOr Ago H$mhr CndmX gmoS>ë`mg ’$ma WmoS>çm§Zm hmoVr. Ë`m_wio gmdH$mag§nbm; O‘rZXma g§nbm; åhUOo Amnbr gJir Xw…Io Xya hmoVrc AereoVH$è`m§Mr gd©Xya ^mdZm hmoVr.

‘hmË‘mOtMr ‘mÌ `m {df`mdarb YmaUm doJir hmoVr. gmdH$ma, O‘rZXma`m§Mr ^y{‘H$m ’$maer ñn¥hUr` Zmhr, Varhr eoVH$è`m§Mm bT>m O‘rZXmagmdH$mam§À`m {damoYr Zmhr ho ‘hmË‘mOtZr M§nmaÊ` Am§XmobZmV ñnï> Ho$bo


O‘rZXmar, Hy$i ì`dñWm Am{U H$‘mb O‘rZYmaUog§~§Yr H$m`Xo {H$VnVÝ`mæ`, XoemÀ`m {hVmMo hmoVo `m~Ôb ‘moR>r e§H$m Amho. `m H$m`ÚmZo XoemMoH$mhr ^co Pmbo Ago AmOVar {XgV Zmhr; nU ho gd© H$m`Xo XoemÀ`mg§{dYmZmÀ`m ‘yc^yV VÎdm§er {dg§JV hmoVo mV H$mhr e§H$m Zmhr. mg§~§YrMoH$m`XoH$mZy AZoH$ Ý`m`mb`m§Zr aÔ R>adbo. Ý`m`mb`m§Zr H$m`Xm aÔ R>adbmH$s gaH$maZo KQ>ZmM ~XbyZ Q>mH$m`Mr Am{U Ý`m`mb`m§Zr Varhr eoVH$è`m§Mr~mOy KoVbr Va {’$ê$Z {’$ê$Z KQ>Zm ~Xbm`Mr Aer añgrIoM gVVMmbbr. eoVH$ar åhUOo OUy eÌyamï´>mMo ZmJ[aH$ AmhoV; Ë`m§Zm g§nÎmrMmhŠH$m Va gmoS>m, Ý`m` ‘mJm`MmgwÕm hŠH$ AgVm Zò; H$moQ>©Xa~mar {Xa§JmB©H$ê$Z eoVH$ar bmoH$ emofU{da{hV g‘mO {Z‘m©U H$aÊ`mg AS>MUr AmUVAmhoV Agm JXmamoi H$aÊ`mV Ambm. eoVH$è`m§Mm _mcH$sh¸$ {hamdyZKoÊ`mgmR>r gd© KQ>ZmM {VanmJS>r H$aÊ`mV Ambr. AmUr~mUrÀ`m XmoZAS>rM dfmªV H$m`ÚmMo amÁ` åhUyZ XoemV am{hbo ZìhVo, Voìhm eharbmoH$m§Mm Ho$dT>m {VinmnS> hmoVm hmoVm. eoVH$è`mMo O{‘ZrdaMo ‘mbH$shŠH$ Zï> H$aÊ`mH$[aVm gaH$maZo AmUr~mUrÀ`m {H$Vr daVmU XS>nemhrHo$br ho nm{hbo åhUOo ñQ>°{cZMo Q>±H$ nadS>bo Ago ghO dmQ>mdo. eoVH$è`m{déÕKQ>ZmXwéñVrMo aUJmSo> MmbdVmZm gd© gm§{dYmZmMr B‘maV ‘moS>H$irg òVAmho `mMr ewÕmewÕ Z R>odVm gJir KQ>Zm dmH$dyZ, ‘moSy>Z eoVH$è`m§À`m‘mbÎmo{df`rMo H$m`Xo A‘bmV AmUUo Jobo.

Ý`m`mb`mMo Xma ~§XO‘rZXmar{damoYr H$m`Xo XoemVrb ~hþVHo$ Cƒ Ý`m`mb`m§Zr KQ>Zm{damoYr

åhUyZ aÔ R>adbo hmoVo. ^maVr` KQ>Zm 1950 _Üò A‘bmV Ambr. O‘rZXmarZï> H$aÊ`mgmR>r 1950À`m AmYrgwÕm Pmboë`m H$m`Úm§Zm g§ajU XoUmaoH$b‘ KQ>ZoV KmbÊ`mV Ambo hmoVo.

nU O‘rZXmarMo H$m`Xo ZmJ[aH$m§À`m ‘yb^yV hŠH$mda Kmcm KmbUmaoAmhoV Ago EH$m Cƒ Ý`m`mb`mZo R>adbo Voìhm gaH$maZo EH$ Zdo AóCngbo. O{‘Zrg§~§YrMo H$m`Xo g‘mO{hVmgmR>r Agë`m‘wio Ho$di ‘yb^yVhŠH$mMm ^§J hmoVmo åhUyZ O‘rZ{df`H$ H$m`Úm§Zm AmìhmZ XoVm òUma ZmhrAer KQ>ZmXwéñVr H$aÊ`mV Ambr; EdT>oM Zìho Va, KQ>Zog 9 do n[a{eï>>OmoS>bo Jobo. `m n[a{eï>mV gwédmVrbm ’$º$ 13 H$m`Úm§Mr `mXr hmoVr; AmOË`mV 257 H$m`Úm§Mr `mXr Amho. `m `mXrVrb H$m`Úm§{déÕ H$moUË`mhr

Ë`mda AmYw{ZH$ nÕVrZo ^m§S>dbr eoVr `m‘wio ~oH$mar dmT>ob d {dH$mgWm§~ob. ^m§S>dbmMm dmna H$maImZXmargmR>r H$am`Mm Am{U eoVrda {OVHo$H$‘r ^m§S>db bmJoc {VVHo$ Mm§Jbo Ago Zohê$ ì`dñWoMo gyÌ hmoVo. eoVO‘rZhr N>moQ>çm N>moQ>çm eoVH$è`m§À`m ì`{º$JV ‘mbH$sMr Agmdr, O‘rZXmam§ZmË`mV ñWmZ Zgmdo Am{U `WmdH$me N>moQ>çm eoVH$è`m§Zr ghH$mar eoVr V`maH$amdr Ago Zohê$§Mo gmopìhEQ>r ñdßZ hmoVo. ghH$mar eoVrMr H$ënZm nwT>oH$m±J«ogÀ`m ZmJnya A{YdoeZmV ~maJibr. gmdH$maemhr, O‘rZXmar OmD$ZhreoVH$ar Jar~ hmoV am{hbm Am{U AmO H$m`©j‘, CËnmXH$, ì`mdgm{`H$ eoVrXoemÀ`m {dH$mgmgmR>r Amdí`H$ Amho Ago gd©‘mÝ` Pmbo Amho.

AmVm nmir eoVH$è`m§daO‘rZXmam§Zm g§ndë`mZ§Va Zohê$gÎmm ‘Ü`‘ eoVH$è`m§Zm {Jim`bm {ZKmbr.

O{‘ZrÀ`m ‘mb‘Îmog§~§Yr mnwT>rb nmD$b 1961 _Üò eoVO{‘ZrÀ`m YmaUodaH$‘mb ‘`m©Xm KmbyZ CMbÊ`mV Ambo. eoVO{‘ZrMr H$‘mb YmaUm 1975_Üò nwÝhm EH$Xm ~XbyZ H$‘r H$aÊ`mV Ambr. gm‘m{OH$ Ý`m`mMr JaOH$mhr ’$º$ eoVrÀ`mM joÌmV hmoVr Ago Zìho, ehamVrb {df‘Vm Ë`mhrnojm{dH«$mi hmoVr; nU ehar mJmV g§nÎmrÀ`m YmaUoda H$‘mb ‘`m©Xm bmXÊ`mMmà`ËZhr Pmbm Zmhr. eoVO{‘Zrda ‘mÌ bmJmonmR> XmoZXm A{YH$m{YH$ OmMH$‘`m©Xm KmbÊ`mV Amë`m. eoVO{‘Zrda KmVbobr H$‘mb ‘`m©Xm BVH$sAnwar hmoVr H$s Ho$di Ë`mda OJUmam lr‘§VmVbm lr‘§V eoVH$ar eharH$maHw$ZmÀ`m ~amo~arbm òD$ eH$bm ZgVm.

eoVH$ar ÛofmnmoQ>r, H$‘mb O{‘ZrYmaUm H$m`Xm H$aVmZm AZoH$ VÎdoAm{U {gÕm§V YwS>H$mdyZ bmdÊ`mV Ambo. H$‘mb O_rZ YmaUm R>a{dÊ`mH$aVmHw$Qw>§~ ZmdmMm EH$ H¥${Ì‘ KQ>H$ J¥hrV YaÊ`mV Ambm. hr g§H$ënZmMXoemÀ`m KQ>Zoer, EdT>oM Zìho Va qhXy H$m`Xm Am{U ear`V `m§À`mhr {déÕAmho. eoVH$ar n[admamVrb d`mV Amboë`m ‘wbtZm g§nÎmr hŠH$ ór-nwéfg‘mZVoMo gd© {gÕm§V R>moH$ê$Z bmdyZ ZmH$maÊ`mV Ambm. AkmZ Am{Ud`mV Amboë`m ^mdm^mdm§À`m g§nÎmr hŠH$mV KQ>Zog ‘mÝ` Z hmoUmam XwOm^mdH$m`ÚmZo Ho$bm. Aem doJdoJù`m wŠË`m§Zr eoVH$è`m§H$S>Mr O‘rZ daH$S> R>a{dÊ`mMmà`ËZ H$aÊ`mV Ambm Am{U O{_ZrH$[aVm Úm`Mm ‘mo~Xbmhr Anwam R>adÊ`mVAmbm.

Ý`m`mb` {déÕ emgZ


^`mZH$ ‘moS>VmoS> H$aÊ`mV Ambr. n[aUm‘V…, ^maVr` ZmJ[aH$mbm ‘mb‘Îmm~miJVm òVo, nU hŠH$mZo Zmhr, gaH$maÀ`m ‘oha~mZrZo. Ë`mMo XmoZ n[aUm‘AmOhr eoVH$è`m§Zm ôS>gmdV AmhoV.

gaH$mar ^yH$bîH$ar Vi, YaUo, añVo, bmoh‘mJ©, gaH$mar H$maImZo, ghH$mar g§ñWm, gaH$mar

ZmoH$am§Mr Kao, EdT>oM Zìho Va ImOJr joÌmVrb H$maImZo d g§ñWm m§Zm bmJUmè`mO{‘Zr eoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z gº$sZo g§nmXZ Ho$ë`m OmVmV. Ë`m§Zm ~mOma^md XoUo hrH$ënZmhr ZmoH$aehm§Zm Agø dmQ>Vo. Amnbo H$m © amï>r` qH$dm gm‘{OH$ ‘hÎdmMoAmho; Voìhm Ë`mH$[aVm eoVH$è`m§Zr {Zdm©{gV hmoD$Z Ë`m§À`m O{‘Zr Amnë`m MaUrgwnyX© Ho$ë`m nm{hOoV Aer Ë`m§Mr Anojm AgVo.

H$moUm EH$m ZmoH$aXmamÀ`m S>moŠ`mV Amnë`m ImË`mH$[aVm {H$dm g§ñWoH$[aVmO‘rZ hdr Ago Ambo H$s Ë`mÀ`m S>moù`mV âboë`m O{‘ZrÀ`m ‘mbH$eoVH$è`m§Zm {Zdm©{gV ìhm`bm doi bmJV Zmhr. ZmoH$aXmam§À`m {dZ§Vrdê$ZH$boŠQ>agmho~ ^yg§nmXZ ZmoQ>rg H$mT>VmV. Mm¡H$erMm ’$mg© hmoVmo; nUg§~§{YV O‘rZ gaH$maÀ`m ‘Vo gmd©O{ZH$ {hVmH$[aVm Amdí`H$ Amho Ago{VWyZ gm§{JVbo H$s àíZ {‘Q>bm. O‘rZ eoVH$è`mÀ`m hmVyZ OmUmaM hrXJS>mdaMr aoK. ’$maVa Ë`mZo J`md`m H$ê$Z ânmB©Mr aŠH$‘ WmoS>r’$madmT>dyZ ‘mJmdr!

IaoXr, gmR>oIVmVrb aH$‘m ~mOma^md qH$dm àË`j ì`dhmamVrb {H$_Vr`m§À`mer OwiUmè`m ZgVmV ho gdmªZm R>mD$H$ Amho. Varhr Ë`mM AmYmao‘mo~Xë`mMr aŠH$‘ R>adÊ`mV oVo. IaoXrIVmda am`À`m H$amgmR>r gaH$maZoñdV…M doJdoJù`m ^mJm§Vrb O{‘Zr§À`m à‘m{UV {H$‘Vr Omhra Ho$boë`mAmhmoV; nU g§nmXZ H$am`À`m O{‘Zrda `m à‘m{UV {H$_VrBVŠ`mhr {H$_Vr{Xë`m OmV ZmhrV. ^yg§nmXZmMr A{YgyMZm {ZKmë`mZ§Va O{‘ZrMm Vm~mOmB©n`ªV dfm©Zwdf} bmoQy>Z OmVmV. `m gJù`m H$mimV H$moUË`mhr àH$mamZohñVm§VaU H$aVm òV Zmhr. O{‘ZrMr {H$_V R>aVo Vr A{YgyMZoÀ`m VmaIoMr.Ë`mZ§Va {H$Vrhr df} XâVa{Xa§JmB©‘wio Jobr Var eoVH$è`mbm `m H$mimV ’$º${H$‘mZ XamZo ì`mO {‘iVo.

`m gJù`m H$m‘mVbr `mZH$ H«y$aVm AbrH$So> KS>boë`m {MIbr àH$aUmV{XgyZ Ambr. JmdmVrb 1000 EH$a O‘rZ g§nmXZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r A{YgyMZm{ZKmbr 1970 _Üò. O{‘ZrMr ânmB© R>abr énò 4000 à{VEH$a. 1989

Ý`m`mc`mV XmXM ‘mJVm òUma Zmhr Aer ^`mZH$ VaVyX KQ>ZoV H$aÊ`mVAmbr.

KQ>ZmXwéñVr AmO H$am`Mr; nU {VMm A§‘b ‘mÌ AmOmo~m§À`m H$mimnmgyZYam`Mm, Agbr C\$amQ>r nydm©Zwcjr nÕV B§{Xam Jm§YtZr Amnbr IwMu{Q>H$dÊ`mH$[aVm gwê$ Ho$br, Agm J¡ag‘O Amho. nydm©Zwbúmr KQ>ZmXwéñVrH$aÊ`mMr nÕV n{hë`m§Xm Zohê$§Zr dmnabr, 1951 _ÜòM dmnabr Am{U VreoVH$è`m§{déÕ dmnabr Am{U Ë`mZ§Va nwÝhm EH$Xm 1964 _Üò dmnaÊ`mVAmbr. n{hë`m KQ>ZmXwéñVrZ§Vahr Ý`m`mb`m§Zr VWmH${WV O{‘ZrÀ`m’o$admQ>nmMo H$m`Xo, eoVH$è`m§Zm XoÊ`mV òUmam ‘mo~Xbm AÝ`mæ` Amho `mH$maUmZo ‘moS>rV H$mT>bo. Voìhm 1955 _Üò emgZmZo KQ>ZoV Mm¡Wr XwéñVrHo$br Am{U gaH$maZo Vmã`mV KoVboë`m O{‘ZtH$[aVm {Xbm OmUmam ‘mo~Xbmnwaogm Amho qH$dm Zmhr hm àíZ Ý`m`mb`m§À`m H$joVyZ H$mTy>Z Q>mH$bm.

eoVH$è`mnojm A{VaoH$s ^bm!1964 _Üò AmUIr EH$ XwéñVr H$ê$Z O‘rZXma-ImoVm§gmR>r Ho$boë`m

H$m`ÚmVrb VaVwXr gd©gm‘mÝ` a`VoÀ`m N>moQ>çm O‘rZVwH$S>çm§Zmhr bmJynS>Vrb Ago R>adbo. N>moQ>çm eoVH$è`m§Mr O‘rZ `m XwéñVr‘wio "BñQ>oQ>'‘mZbr OmD$ bmJbr. H$mhr eoVH$ar ImgXmam§Zr AmJ«h Yaë`m‘wio eoVH$è`m§Zm{Xbmgm XoUmar EH$ VaVyX KQ>ZoV H$aÊ`mV Ambr. O‘rZ àË`j H$gUmè`meoVH$è`mMr O‘rZ Ë`mbm {H$‘mZ ~mOma^mdmZo ‘mo~Xbm {Xë`mIoarO H$mTy>ZKoVm òUma Zmhr Aer EH$ eV© KmbÊ`mV Ambr; nU `m eVuMo eãX Am{UdmŠàMZm BVH$s Jmoc‘mb Am{U hþemarMr H$aÊ`mV Ambr, H$s {VMm’$m`Xm AmOn`ªV eoVH$è`m§Zm H$mhrhr {‘imbobm Zmhr.

eodQ>r Q>moH$mbm OmD$Z 44 ì`m XwéñVrZo KQ>ZoVrb ‘mb‘ÎmoMm ‘yb^yVhŠH$M Zï> H$ê$Z Q>mH$bm. eoVH$è`m§{déÕ gaH$maZo Ho$boë`m H$m`XoerabT>mB©Mm B{Vhmg ‘moR>m H$mimHw$Å> Amho. XoemVrb doJdoJù`m Ý`m`mb`m§VeoVH$è`m§Mr OdiOdi 20 bmI àH$aUo nSy>Z AmhoV; nU KQ>ZoVrb 9 ì`mn[a{eï>m‘wio Ë`m§Zm Ý`m` {‘iÊ`mMr H$mhrhr eŠ`Vm Zmhr. XheVdmXm{déÕÀ`mH$m`Úm§‘wio KQ>ZoVrb ‘yb^yV hŠH$m§Mr nm`‘ëbr hmoV Agë`mMm `w{º$dmXH$aVm òV Zmhr. eoVH$è`m§Zm emgZmZo XheVdmÚm§à‘mUoM dmJdbo.A{VaoŠ`m§{déÕMo H$m`XogwÕm 9 ì`m n[a{eï>mV òV ZmhrV.

eoVH$è`mMm ‘mbH$s hŠH$ {hamdyZ KoÊ`mgmR>r KQ>ZoÀ`m ‘yi Mm¡H$Q>rMr


^yI§S>Imoam§Mr b`byQ>^yg§nmXZ Am{U ZmJar H$‘mb YmaUm H$m`ÚmMo ho hË`ma nwT>mè`m§À`m

hmVr dm°{e§½Q>ZMr Hw$èhmS> ~Zbo Amho, ehamÀ`m n[agamVrb O{‘Zr ~o{heo~g§nmXZ H$ê$Z R>odm`À`m; gaH$maH$So> qH$dm gaH$mag§~§{YV EImÚm g§ñWoH$So>Úm`À`m Am{U ‘J `w{º$à`wº$sZo Ë`m O{‘ZrMm àË`j Vm~m Amnë`m hmVrR>odm`Mm. gaH$mar A{YH$mamMm Cn`moJ H$ê$Z AS>MUrVrb O{‘Zr gmoS>dm`À`mqH$dm O{‘ZrMm {Z`mo{OV dmna ~XbyZ {VMo EH$X‘ gmoZo H$am`Mo hm gd©‘hmZ ZoË`m§Zm ì`dgm` ~Zbm Amho.

O‘rZ g§nmXZ H$aÊ`mg§~§YrMo gJio H$m`Xo Am{U `m H$m`Úm§‘ÜògaH$maH$So> gmondbobo ì`mnH$ A{YH$ma H$mhr amOH$s` g§H$ënZm§da AmYmaboboAmhoV. emgZmMm XoemVrb gd© O{‘Zrda Am{U ‘mb‘Îmoda àmW{‘H$ hŠH$Amho, Am{U Amdí`H$ Voìhm gmd©O{ZH$ H$m‘mgmR>r qH$dm {hVmgmR>r, EImÚmì`º$sda Oê$a nSo>b Va AÝ`m` H$ê$Zhr, Vr Vmã`mV KoÊ`mMm gaH$mabmA{YH$ma Amho; Aem `m g§H$ënZm ~amM H$mi Ë`m§Mm à^md am{hbm AmhoAm{U AmOhr KQ>ZoMr Am{U H$m`Úm§Mr Mm¡H$Q> `mM g§H$ënZm§da AmYmabobrAmho. `mM H$ënZm§nmoQ>r ^maVr` KQ>ZoMr ‘moS>VmoS> H$aÊ`mV Ambr.

O‘rZ Iwbr hmoD$ ÚmZdrZ AW©ì`ñWoV Am{U Iwë`m ~mOmanoR>À`m g§H$ënZoV emgZmÀ`m

àm{W‘H$ hŠH$mg H$mhr AW© CaV Zmhr Am{U gmd©O{ZH$ {hVmMm nmbZH$Vm©hr y{‘H$mhr emgZmH$So> amhV Zmhr. bîH$amgmR>r qH$dm YaU dJ¡ao ~m§YÊ`mgmR>rA‘yH$ EH$ O‘rZM hdr Ago åhUÊ`mMm gaH$mabm A{YH$ma Agbm nm{hOo;nU Vr O‘rZ nwaonyaM Zìho Va, ânya ‘mo~Xbm XoD$ZM emgZmbm g§nmXZH$aVm òB©b. BVa H$moUË`mhr H$m‘mH$[aVm gaH$mabm O{‘ZrMr JaO nS>VAgob Va Ë`mgmR>r ~mOmamV CVê$Z BVa J«mhH$m§À`m ~amo~arZo ñnYm© H$ê$ZMemgZmbm O‘rZ {‘idmdr bmJob, ho VÎd Iwë`m AW©ì`dñWoV ‘mZbo Jobonm{hOo.

bm`g|g-na{‘Q> amÁ`mV Am{U H$m`XoH$mZy§À`m O§OmimV ^«ï>mMma Am{UH$mim~mOma ’$mo’$mdVmV. Iwbr ì`dñWm gwê$ Pmbr H$s H$mù`m~mOmambmAmnmoAmn Amim ~gVmo. eoVH$è`m§da hëbm H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$m`XoH$mZy§Mo OoO§Omi ñdmV§Í`mZ§Va Cô H$aÊ`mV Ambo Vo gm’$ Ho$bo Zmhr Va yI§S>nwT>mè`m§MoamZ AmUIr ‘mOUma Amho. `mgmR>r Cnm` gmYm Am{U gmonm Amho.

_Üò gaH$maH$Sy>Z ì`mO~rO Yê$Z EH$ar 19000 énò XoD$ H$aÊ`mV Ambo.1993 _Üò gmd©O{ZH$ H$m‘mH$[aVm g§nmXbobr O‘rZ gaH$ma 11 bmI énòà{V EH$amZo EH$m ImOJr H§$nZrg {dH$V Amho.

V‘m_ eham§À`m JaOmgaH$mar ImË`mH$[aVm qH$dm g§ñWm§H$[aVm emgZmZo eoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z O‘rZ

~iH$mdyZ ¿`mdr ho g‘OÊ`mgmaIo Amho; nU eham§À`m dmT>Ë`m JaOm§H$[aVmqH$dm Zì`m eham§Vrb gd© ZmJ[aH$m§À`m JaOm§H$[aVm eoVH$è`m§Mm ~ir Úmdm`mV H$m` Ý`m` qH$dm VH©$emó Agy eH$Vo?

g§~§{YV A{YH$mè`m§Mr ZOa Oa EImÚm O{‘ZrÀ`m VwH$S>çmH$S>o Jobr H$sVr O‘rZ gaH$maO‘m PmbrM Am{U eoV‘mbH$ XoemoYS>rM bmJbm åhUyZg‘Omdo.

eoVH$ar {Zdm©{gV ~ZyZ OJÊ`mgmR>r ehamH$So> OmV Amho. ehao PnmQ>çmZodmT>V AmhoV. dmT>Ë`m eham§Zm OmJm H$ê$Z XoÊ`mgmR>r ehamÀ`m n[agamVrbeoVH$è`m§ZmM nwÝhm {Zdm©{gV ìhmdo bmJV Amho. O‘rZXma-O‘rZ‘mbH$`m§À`m{déÕ Cä`m Ho$boë`m hË`mam§Mm Am{U O‘rZYmaUm H$m`ÚmÀ`m doirV`ma Ho$boë`m VaVwXr§Mm AmVm Cn`moJ Ho$bm OmV Amho Vmo eharÀ`mn[agamVrb N>moQ>çm ‘moR>çm eoVH$è`m§Zm CR>dyZ {Zdm©{gV H$aÊ`mgmR>r.

N>moQ>çm eoVH$è`mMm ~S>m ‘mbH$eoVH$è`mMr O‘rZ gaH$mar JaOm§H$[aVm qH$dm H$moUm ehamÀ`m dmT>rH$[aVm

g§nmXZmÀ`m VS>m»`mVyZ gwQ>br åhUOo ^mJbo Amho, Ago Zmhr. OdiMoeha dmT>Vm dmT>Vm eoVmÀ`m Amgnmg òD$Z nmohmoMbo H$s EH$ M‘ËH$mahmoVmo. XrS>XmoZ EH$amMm eoVH$ar N>moQ>m eoVH$ar g‘Obm OmVmo. nU EH${Xdg eoOmaÀ`m ehamMr gahÔ dmT>V dmT>V Ë`mÀ`m eoVmbm òD$Z {^S>brH$s Vmo XrS>XmoZ EH$amMm N>moQ>m eoVH$ar Z amhVm gÎmaEo§er hOma Mm¡ag’w$Q>mÀ`mßbm°Q>Mm ‘mbH$ åhUyZ EH$m amÌrV ehar H$‘mbYmaUm H$m`ÚmMm ~ir hmoVmo.Ë`mMr eoVO‘rZ {haì`mnÅ>çmV òV Zmhr Ago R>abo H$s Ë`mÀ`mH$S>rb 10Jw§R>o O‘rZ H$m` Vr R>odÊ`mMm Ë`mbm A{YH$ma. ~mH$s O‘rZ gaH$ma Ë`mÀ`mH$Sy>ZAjae… ‘mVr‘mobmZo H$mTy>Z KoVo. H$mTy>Z KoVbobr O‘rZ ‘J {dH${gV Ho$brOmVo. Ë`mgmR>r JQ>mao KmbUo, nmÊ`mMr ì`dñWm H$aUo, añVo ~m§YUo Aem{H$aH$moi gmo`r Ho$ë`m OmVmV. {dH$mg Ho$bm Z Ho$bm Var O{‘ZrÀ`m {H$‘VrAñ‘mZmbm {^S>VmV. eoVH$è`mbm Ë`mMm H$mhrM ’$m`Xm {‘iV Zmhr.


Xhm

O‘rZYmaUm gwYmaH$m AW©ì¶dñWm gwYma?

O‘rZYmaUoMm àíZ nwÝhm EH$Xm dmXi CR>dUma Aer {MÝho {XgVAmhoV.

`m dfm©À`m gwédmVrbm A§XmOnÌH$ gmXa H$aVmZm AW©‘§Ìr ‘Z‘mohZqgJ`m§Zr eoVrÀ`m ì`dñWmnZmH$[aVm Var VwH$So>~§Xr H$aÊ`mÀ`m Amdí`H$Vodaâ {Xbm hmoVm.

na§Vw Ë`mZ§Va XmoZ ‘{hÝ`m§V {Xëbr òWo âboë`m ‘w»`‘§Í`m§À`m n[afXoVAJXrM doJim gya {ZKmbm. Zohê$ O‘mÝ`mVrb OwÝ`mM O‘rZYmaUm H$m`ÚmMmA§‘b A{YH$m{YH$ Omo‘mZo H$aÊ`mMm {ZU©` n§VàYmZm§Zr Omhra Ho$bm.

bmoH$gôg‘moa R>odboë`m amï´>r` H¥$fr YmoaUmÀ`m ‘gwÚmV eoVrMr VwH$So>~§Xrho eoVrnwT>rb EH$ ‘hÎdmMo AmìhmZ Agë`mMo åhQ>bo hmoVo; nU Ë`m~amo~aMOwÝ`m gwYmaUm H$m`Úm§À`m A§‘b~OmdUrdahr â {Xbm hmoVm. Á`mbm OoAmdSo>b Vo Ë`mZo ¿`mdo!

AbrH$So> ‘hmamï´>mMo ‘w»`‘§Ìr eaX ndma `m§Zr ’$i~mJm§H$[aVmO‘rZYmaUodarb H$‘mb ‘`m©Xm CR>dÊ`mMm {ZU©` Omhra Ho$bm Amho. KoVboë`m{ZU©`m§Mr A§‘b~OmdUr H$aÊ`m~Ôb ndmagmho~m§Mr »`mVr Zmhr. Ë`m§ZrKoVbobm {ZU©` Ë`m§À`mM njmÀ`m ‘Ü`dVu YmoaUmer Z OwiUmam Amho. Ë`m{ZU©`mbm {hadm H§$Xrb XmIdbm OmB©b Aer eŠ`Vm H$‘r Amho. H$‘mbO‘rZ YmaUm nrH${Zhm` ~XbUo ho àemgZmÀ`m Ñï>rZo OdiOdi AeŠÀmho. ’$i~mJm§gmR>r OmñV ‘moR>r O‘rZ H$mhr {deof ’$m`ÚmMr R>aVo AgoZmhr. ndmagmho~m§À`m `moOZoMm ’$m`Xm ’$im§darb à{H«$`m H$aUmao nm{ü‘mË`

(1) H$b‘ 14 1)’$ nwÝhm EH$Xm ‘yi nXmda AmUUo åhUOo g§nÎmrMmhŠH$ ^maVrVrb àËòH$ ZmJ[aH$mMm ‘yb^yV hŠH$ naV {‘idyZ XoUo Am{U

(2) KQ>ZoVrb 9do n[a{eï> H$mTy>Z Q>mH$Uo Am{U eoVH$è`m§Zm H$moQ>m©VOmD$Z Ý`m` {‘iÊ`mMm añVm CKSy>Z XoUo.

O‘rZ Am{U ‘mb‘Îmm `m{df`rMo bm`g|g- na{_Q>amÁ` ‘J g§nyZ OmB©bAm{U ^yI§S>Imoam§Mo dM©ñdhr g§ny bmJob.

(eoVH$ar g§KQ>H$, 21 OyZ 1993)


hmoVo. O‘rZXmarMm gJimM B{Vhmg H$mhr H$mimHw$Å> ZìhVm. hr Jmoï>g‘mOdmÚm§Zr gmo`rñH$aarË`m ZaOoAmS> Ho$br. ImZXmZr O‘rZXma ~hþVm§er1857 À`m CR>mdmZ§Va XoemoYS>rbm bmJco, ’$mgmda MT>bo. Ë`m§À`m OmJrB§J«Om§Zr Ë`m§Zm gm‘rb Pmboë`m JmdJw§S>m§Zm O‘rZXma Zo‘bo. ZdrZ O‘rZXmam§À`mCÝ‘ÎmnUmV A‘o[aHo$Vrb mXdr wÕmgma»`m KQ>Zm§Zr eoV‘mbmÀ`m ì`mnmambmH$mhr H$mi {‘imboë`m N>ßna’$mS> YZXm¡bVr‘wio ho Zdo O‘rZXma CÝ‘ÎmPmbo. H$Wm-H$mX§~è`mVrb EofAmam‘r, {dbmgr, CÝ‘Îm, Owb_r O‘rZXma hoàm‘w»`mZo `m g‘mOmVrb hmoVo. BVH$s dñVw{Zð>Vm g‘mOdmÚm§À`m ‘R>rV AgyeH$VM Zmhr. ehamV ‘mbH$ ZmoH$am§da Owby‘ H$aV ZìhVo, Ago Zmhr;KaJS>çm§da, ‘mobH$aUrdahr AË`mMma hmoV. nU Ë`m H$maUmZo Ka‘mbH$m§MrOm`XmX Ë`m§À`m ZmoH$am§Zm {‘imdr Agm w{º$dmX H$moUm VÎd{Zð> g‘mOdmÚmZoHo$ë`mMo Eo{H$dmV Zmhr.

O{‘ZrÀ`m ’o$admQ>nmMo g‘W©Z H$aÊ`mgmR>r g‘mOdmXr AW©emñÍ`m§ZrH$mhr ‘moR>o {dZmoXr {ZîH$f© H$mT>bo. bhmZ O{‘ZrÀ`m VwH$S>çmMr CËnmXH$VmOmñV AgVo, N>moQ>o eoVH$ar Ë`m§À`m ‘mbmbm A{YH$ Mm§Jbr {H$_V {‘idVmV,hr Aem {ZîH$fm©Mr CXmhaUo. O{‘ZrÀ`m N>moQ>çm VwH$S>çm§Mr CËnmXH$VmOmñV AgVo H$maU Ë`mda gJù`m eoVH$ar Hw$Qw>§~mMr OrdVmoS> ‘ohZV hmoVo,CËnmXH$VoMm g§~§Y Ho$di O{‘Zrer Zmhr l‘mer Amho.

O{‘ZrÀ`m ‘moR>çm VwH$S>çmV CËnmXH$Vm H$‘r AmT>iVo, H$maU VoWol‘eº$s H$‘r nS>Vo; N>moQ>çm> VwH$S>çmVrb eoVrdarb H$ï>mV Or AmnwbH$sAgVo Ë`mMr ânmB© H$aUmao AmYw{ZH$ ì`dñWmnZ ‘moR>çm eoVrbmhr nadS>VZmhr. Agë`m ~maH$mì`m§Mr nÌmg S>mì`m AW©emóm§Zm Agm`Mo H$m` H$maU?Xhm nmoVr dm§Jr ‘w§~B©bm nmR>dUmè`m eoVH$è`m§nojm nmQ>râ dm§Jr S>moB©daKoD$Z nm`r MmbV ~mOmaÀ`m Jmdr OmUmè`m eoVH$aUrbm {H$bmo‘mJo OmñV^md, {‘iVmo EdT>çm gmÜ`mgwÕm Jmoï>rV g‘mOdmÚm§Zm bhmZ eoVrMr loð>Vmñnï> {XgV Ago.

a{e`mVrb Am{U BVa g‘mOdmXr Xoem§Vrb gm‘y{hH$ eoVrMo H$m¡VwH$H$aUmao ^maVmV ‘mÌ N>moQ>çm N>moQ>çm VwH$S>çm§Mr eoVr Pmbr nm{hOo AgoAmJ«hmZo ‘m§S>rV.

eoVrdarb ~MV Amoa~mSy>Z Zobr OmV Amho, eoVmdaMr _mUgo ‘mÌeoVmdaM AmoP§ ~ZyZ am{hbr AmhoV, Á`m§À`mH$So> WmoS>r’$ma OmXm O‘rZ Ago,

Vm|S>dù`mMo H$maImZo C^maUmè`m§ZmM hmoB©b. `m {ZU©`m‘mJo, gÎmoVrb H$mhrg‚mZm§Zr Vmã`mV KoVbobr O‘rZ {Z`‘mV ~gdUo hm à‘wI CÔoe Amho AgoåhQ>bo OmVo. ho gJio Iao Agbo Var O‘rZYmaUoMm Am{U dmQ>nmMm àíZnwÝhm EH$Xm MM}bm AmUë`m~Ôb ‘w»`‘§Í`m§Mo A{^Z§XZ H$am`bm nm{hOo.

Jobr gmR>-gÎma df} O{‘ZrMo ’o$admQ>n hm eoVr{df`H$ g‘mOdmXrH$m`©H«$‘mMm nm`m hmoVm. O‘rZXmar Zï> H$amdr, H$gUmè`mÀ`m hmVr O‘rZÚmdr, O{‘ZrÀ`m YmaUoda H$‘mb ‘`m©Xm R>odmdr åhUOo eoVrVrb J[a~rMogJio àíZ gwQ>Vrb Aer g‘mOdmÚm§Mr ^y{‘H$m Ago. Ë`m§À`m S>moù`mbmJmdmVrb PmonS>r Am{U nS>H$m dmS>m `m§À`mVrc V’$mdV Q>moMV Ago Am{UPmonS>rÀ`m J[a~rM ‘yi H$maU JmdmVrb dmS>o AmhoV Aer Ë`m§Mr ^y{‘H$mhmoVr. ehamVrb JJZM§w~r B‘maVtMm JmdmVrb PmonS>rVrb J[a~rer OmoH$mhr g§~§Y Agob Ë`mMm CëboI hr ‘§S>ir H$Q>mjmZo Q>miV.

g‘mOdmÚm§Mm O{‘ZrÀ`m ’o$admQ>nmg§~§Yr H$mhr Z¡{VH$ amOH$s` Am{UAm{W©H$ Ñ{ï>H$moZ hmoVm.

O{‘ZrÀ`m ‘mbH$sVrb {df‘Vm Xya H$ê$Z gdmªZm gmaIr O‘rZ Aerì`dñWm H$amdr, Aer J[a~m§À`m H$idù`mMr gmYyg§Vm§Zr KoVbobr ^y{‘H$mg‘mOdmÚm§Zrhr KoVbr. hr Ë`m§Mr Z¡{VH$Vm JmdmnwaVrM ‘`m©{XV hmoVr, hoXwX©¡d. {XëbrV ñdV…À`m ‘mbH$sÀ`m Xhm-drg bmIm§À`m KamV amhUmaoS>mdo {dMmad§V Xhm-n§Yam EH$a O{‘ZrÀ`m ‘mbH$mdahr XmV H$mT>rV. nÞmgEH$amMm ‘amR>dmS>çmVrb eoVH$ar amoOJma h‘r `moOZoV XJS> ’$moS>m`À`mH$m‘mda gam©g {Xgbm Varhr Ë`m§À`m {dMmamV ’$aH$ nS>bm Zmhr. ehamVXaS>moB© OmoVo Xhm Mm¡ag ’w$Q>m§Mo âob Voìhm ehamVrb Kadmë`m§Zr Xa ‘mUgr’$ma’$ma Va nÞmg Mm¡ag ’y$Q> ‘mJUr R>odyZ am{hboë`m OmJoV ~mhoaÀ`mHw$Qw>§~m§Mr gmo` H$amdr Ago ‘m§S>Ê`mBVH$s gOmOdmÚm§Mr Z¡{VH$Vm A{VaoH$mbmJobobr ZìhVr!

AZoH$ amÁ`m§V O‘rZXmam§Zr a`Voda, Hw$imda Ho$boë`m A‘mZwf Owb‘mÀ`mAZoH$ gË`H$Wm H$mZmda òV AgV. O‘rZXmam§Mr ‘Ü``wJrZ Owb‘r dV©UyH$ho O‘rZXmar g§nÊ`mgmR>r gdmªZm ghO nQ>Ê`mgmIo H$maU hmoVo. {H$ËòH$eVH$m§À`m AZooH$ amOm§À`m, gwbVmZm§À`m bwQ>mbwQ>tZr, bT>m`m§Zr AmH«$‘Um§À`m~o~§XemhrÀ`m H$mimV, Añ‘mZr Am{U gwbVmZr‘wio dma§dma òUmè`mXwîH$mimÀ`m H$mimV O‘rZXmam§Zr a`Vobm H$mhr Zm H$mhr Var g§ajU {Xbo


ehar R>Jm§Mm ~oV hmoVm Am{U Vmo èñdr Pmbm. O‘rZXma Jobo, gmdH$maJobo; nU eoVH$ar n{hë`mnojmhr OmñV J[a~rV Am{U H$Om©V ~wS>V am{hbm.

g‘mOdmÚm§Zr O‘rZXmam§{déÕÀ`m eoVH$è`m§À`m ^mdZm§Mo ^m§S>dc Ho$boAm{U Ë`mMm ’$m`Xm KoD$Z amÁ`H$Ë`mªZr âVr` KQ>ZoVrb ‘mb_ÎmoMm hŠH$MZï> H$ê$Z Q>mH$bm. Ë`mgmR>r H$moUË`mhr Ý`m`ì`dñWoÀ`m Mm¡H$Q>rV Z ~gUmè`mJmoï>r Xoemda bmXë`m. ‘mb‘ÎmoÀ`m ‘mbH$sgmR>r "n[adma EH$H$' YaUo,eoVH$è`mÀ`m Kar OÝ‘boë`m ‘wbtZm ‘mb‘ÎmoMm hŠH$ ZmH$maUo Am{UeoVO{_Zrdarb Amnbm hŠH$ em~rV H$aÊ`mgmR>r eoVH$è`mbm Ý`m`mb`mMmXadmO ~§X H$aUo Aer A{VaoH$s gwbVmZr S>mì`m§Zr Xoemda bmXbr.

Zohê$H$mbrZ {Z`moOZmV eoVH$è`mMo EH$ Z‘wZm{MÌ J¥hrV Yabobo hmoVo.`m Z‘wZm{MÌmMr ê$naofm n{hë`m§Xm ñQ>°{cZZo H$mT>br. JmdmVrb ZoV¥Ëdg§ndm, JmdmV ’$º$ N>moQ>o eoVH$ar R>odm, ho eoVH$ar ’$º$ H$ï>mMo ‘mbH$.Ë`m§Zr H$m` {nH$dmdo, H$go {nH$dmdo, Ë`mZo {nH$dboë`m ‘mbmbm H$m` ^md{‘imdm ho gJio {ZU©` gaH$maÀ`m hmVr Am{U Vo am~bo OmUma gaH$marZmoH$aemhr‘m’©$V. WmoS>Š`mV, Zohê$dmXr eoVrMo {MÌ åhUOo {~Z‘mo~Xë`mÀ`meoVrÀ`m amï´>r`rH$aUmMmM S>md hmoVm. eoVH$ar Zm‘Ymar ‘mbH$ nU ñdV…MrAdOmao KoD$Z oUmè`m H$m‘JmamgmaIrM Ë`mMr pñWVr. eoVrÀ`m ì`dgm`mVrbEH$hr {ZU©` Ë`mÀ`m hmVr Zmhr Aer ì`dñWm Zohê$§À`m ‘ZmV hmoVr. Vr’$imbm Ambr Zmhr, H$maU O‘rZXmar-{damoYr H$m`ÚmÀ`m A§‘b~OmdUrVyZ$Hw$ebVoZo ñdV…Mr gwQ>H$m H$ê$Z KoVcoco Ë`m§À`mM njmVrc {Oëhm nmVirMonwT>mar. Zohê$§À`m ‘ZmV Va, `mnwT>ohr nmD$b Q>mHy$Z ghH$mar Am{U gm‘wXm{`H$eoVr XoemV AmUm`Mr hmoVr. Mm¡Yar MaUmqgJ Am{U S>m°. n§Om~amd Xoe‘wIBË`mXtÀ`m H$S>ì`m {damoYm‘wio Zohê$§Zm Vmo ZmX gmoSy>Z Úmdm bmJbm.

g‘mOdmXmMm nmS>md AbrH$S>o Pmbm Var Ë`mMr nrN>ohmQ> gwê$ hmoD$Z~amM H$mi Pmbm. Joë`m Xhm dfmªV eoVr hr H$mhr Orde¡br Zmhr, eoVr hmì`dgm` Amho hm H«$m§{VH$mar Zdm Ñ{ï>H$moZ eoVH$è`m§Zr ñdrH$mabm Amho.Zohê$dmXr ì`dñWoMo {Xdmio dmObo Am{U Iwë`m AW©ì`dñWoH$S>o dmQ>MmbH$aÊ`mMr ^mfm gwê$ Pmbr. Voìhm O{‘ZrÀ`m dmQ>nmMo Am{W©H$ {dH$mgmÀ`mà{H«$òV Am{U J[a~r hQ>dÊ`mV Zo‘Ho$ ñWmZ H$m` `m~Ôb nwÝhm EH$Xmgmd©O{ZH$ MMm© hmoUo Amdí`H$ Amho.

O{‘ZrÀ`m ’o$admQ>nmÀ`m ‘mJUr‘mJo EH$ g‘OyV hmoVr. àËòH$ ‘mb‘Îmm

Ë`m gJù`m§Mr O‘rZ H$mTy>Z KoVbr Am{U ^y{_hrZm§Zm dmQ>br Va àËòH$mÀ`mdmQ>çmbm H$mSo>noQ>râ O‘rZhr òUma Zmhr Am{U Aem ’o$admQ>nmMm J[a~rhQ>Ê`mer H$mhr g§~§Y Agy eH$Uma Zmhr `m gmÜ`m A§H$J{UVmH$So>hrS>mì`m§Zr S>moioPmH$ Ho$br.

Ë`m§Mm Amnbm EH$ Ymoem; EH$M gyÌr H$m`©H«$‘ -O{‘ZrMo g‘mZ dmQ>nH$am.

g‘mOdmÚm§À`m `m ‘moR>çm eoVH$è`m§À`m {damoY^º$sMm ’$m`Xm Pmbm VmoN>moQ>çm eoVH$è`m§Zm qH$dm ^y{‘hrZm§Zm Zmhr. ^y{‘hrZm§À`m nXar XmoZ-AS>rMEH$a O{‘ZrMm VwH$S>m nS>bm Va Vmo bmJdS>rImbr AmUÊ`mBVH$s Ë`m§MrVmH$X Zgo Am{U ‘moR>çm H$ï>mZo VoWo eoVr Ho$br Var Ë`mVyZ H$mhr gwQ>m`MoZmhr. EdT>r eoVrMr OmUH$mar S>mì`m àmÜ`mnH$m§Zm Zgbr Var ^y{‘hrZm§ZmOê$a hmoVr.

O‘rZ gwYmaUm H$m`Úm§Mm ’$m`Xm ‘moR>çm O‘rZXmam§ZmM Pmbm. ñdmV§Í`òVm òVm O‘rZXmar g§ndÊ`mgmR>r Oo H$m`Xo Pmbo Ë`m‘wio 64 bmI EH$aO{_ZrMo ’o$admQ>n Pmbo Am{U ‘mo~Xbm åhUyZ OwÝ`m O‘rZXmam§Zm Ë`m§Zr{Xboë`m nS>rH$, Q>mH$mD$ O{‘ZrH$[aVm 650 H$moQ>r énò {‘imbo. åhUOoAmOÀ`m {hemo~mV OdiOdi 20 hOma H$moQ>r énò. O‘rZXmam§Zr Ë`m§À`mJoboë`m O{‘Zr EH$mdoir ~mOmamV {dH$m`bm H$mT>ë`m AgË`m Va gJir~mOmanoR>oM H$mogibr AgVr Am{U `m aH$‘oÀ`m Xhmdm ^mJgwÕm Ë`m§Zm{‘imbm ZgVm. EdT>m n¡gm hmVr Ambobo OwZo O‘rZXma ehamV Ambo.H$mhtZr ì`mnma gwê$ Ho$bm; H$mhtZr H$maImZXmar, nwîH$igo amOH$maUmVAmbo. AmOMo n§VàYmZ `mM dJm©Vrb EH$. Ë`m§À`m Caboë`m gmVmR>eo EH$aO{‘ZrMm dmX Am{U Ë`mg§~§Yr H$aÊ`mV Ambobo ImoQ>o XñVmdoO `m§MràH$aUo AmOhr Mmby AmhoV. O‘rZgwYmamÀ`m H$m`Úm§Mr A§‘~OmdUr Omo‘mZoH$aÊ`mÀ`m JO©Zm ho O‘rZXmaM H$aV AmhoV.

‘moR>çm eoVH$è`m§À`m {déÕÀ`m AmKmS>rdm ’$m`Xm eham§Zm Pmbm. JmdmVrbO‘rZXma, gmdH$ma eoVH$è`mbm bwQ>V ho Iao; nU {ZXmZ XwîH$mimgma»`mAS>rAS>MUrV cwQ>rVrc H$mhr ^mJ Var JmdmÀ`m Cn`moJ nSo>. eoVrVrb~MV ehamV ^m§S>db åhUyZ nmoMm`Mr Agob Va JmdmVrb bwQ>mê§$Zm XyaHo$bo nm{hOo ho ehar MmUmjm§Zr AMyH$ hoabo hmoVo! eoVH$è`mMr "bú‘r'ehamV AmUm`Mr Agob Va JmdmVrb R>J Xya Pmbo nm{hOoV Agm Zì`m


AH$am

Zohê$ì¶dñWm g§ncr, eoVH$è¶m§Mm Xþï>mdm gmoSy>Z Úm

Jobr Xhm ~mam df} qhXwñWmZmVbm eoVH$ar gaH$maer bT>V Ambm Amho.Xhm dfmªnydu Amåhr Ooìhm åhUmbmo H$s, "eoVr‘mbmbm ^md {‘imbm nm{hOo'Voìhm nwT>mar åhUm`M ""hr H$m` ‘mJUr Amho? Ë`mnojm nmUr ‘mJm, YaU‘mJm, H$mbdo ‘mJm, gmIa H$maImZm ‘mJm, ~±H$ ‘mJm...'' Amåhr åhQ>b§,Agb§ H$mhr ZH$mo. Amåhmbm eoVr‘mbmMm ^md ’$º$ nm{hOo. åhUOo,eoVr‘mbmbm ^md {‘iUma Zmhr Ag§ H$mhr Vwåhr H$ê$ ZH$m.

Zohê$ì`dñWm Amåhmbm ZH$mo ho Xhm dfmªnydu Amåhr åhQ>b§. Ë`mdoirgJioM Zohê$dmXr hmoVo Am{U Joë`m Xhm dfmªV eoVH$è`m§Zr EdT>r ‘moR>rbT>mB© qOHy$Z XmI{dbr H$s n§VàYmZm§Zm AmO H$~yb H$amd§ bmJV§ H$s,""Zohê$ì`dñWm g§nbr, Iwë`m AW©ì`dñWoH$So> Amåhr OmD$ BpÀN>Vmo. nwÝhmZohê$ì`dñWoMr OwZr MyH$ Amåhr H$aUma Zmhr.''

eoVH$ar gaH$ma{déÕ bT>m`bm Km~aV Zmhr{MIbr n[agamVrb O{‘ZtÀ`m g§nmXZmMr hr g‘ñ`m 1968 nmgyZ gwê$

Pmbr; nU eoVH$è`m§da S>ëbm ‘maÊ`mÀ`m `m H$madmB©Mm B{Vhmg Ë`mhÿZOwZm Amho.

emgZ eoVH$è`mMr O‘rZ g§nmXZ H$m H$ê$ eH$Vo? 1950 _Üò S>m°.~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$am§Zr maVmbm KQ>Zm {Xbr. Ë`m KQ>Zo‘Üò àËòH$ ‘mUgmbmñdmV§Í` {Xb§, {dMmamM§ ñdmV§Í` {Xb§, CƒmamM§ ñdmV§Í` {Xb§, Amnmnbmì`dgm` H$aÊ`mM§ ñdmV§Í` {Xb§. Ë`m KQ>Zo‘Üò Ag§ åhQ>b§ hmoV§ H$sHw$UmMrhr ‘mb‘Îmm gaH$ma Vmã`mV KoD$ eH$Uma Zmhr. H$maU Á`mbm Ë`mbm

CËnmXZmMo gmYZ AgVo. Á`mÀ`m hmVr g§nÎmr, gmYZo Á`m§À`m hmVr^m§S>db, Ë`mÀ`m Ë`mÀ`m hmVr CËnÞmMm AmoK; hr ‘mŠg©dmÚm§Mr lÕmhmoVr. {ZXmZ ^maVr` eoVrÀ`m~m~V Var hr g‘OyV ImoQ>r hmoVr ho eoVH$arg§KQ>ZoZo AZoH$ VèhoZo {gÕ Ho$bo Amho. S§>Ho$b àñVmdmdarb MM}À`m{Z{‘ÎmmZo maVr` eoVH$è`mg g~{gS>r Zmhr. CbQ>m X§S>M Amho, ho AW©emórhrH$~yb H$ê$ bmJbo Am{U gaH$mahr bnV-N>nV bmOV-H$mOV ñdrH$mê$bmJco. O‘rZ AmOn`ªV CËnÞmMo Zmhr Va, VmoQ>çmMo gmYZ hmoVr, ho gËÀgob Va eoVr {H$’$m`Vera H$aÊ`mAmYr O{‘ZrMo ’o$admQ>n åhUOo "amOmCXma Pmbm Am{U {^H$mè`mbm hÎmr {Xbm' AemVbr JV, ho ñnï> Amho.

ZdrZ Iwë`m ì`dñWoVrb eoVH$è`mMo {MÌ åhUOo bhmZem VwH$S>çmdaH$m~mS>H$ï> H$aUmam eoVH$ar Am{U Ë`mMm n[adma Ago Zgob. ZdZdrZC‘oXrZo, gVV ZdrZ à`moJ H$aUmam, ânya CËnmXZ KoUmam, Xoer Am{UnaXoer ~mOmanoR>oV nm` amodyZ ’$m`Xm H$‘mdUmam Am{U Ë`m~amo~aM, XoemMrAÞYmÝ`mMr, H$ÀÀ`m ‘mbmMr Am{U naH$s` MbZmMr JaO nwar H$aUmam,Ago Zì`m eoVH$è`mMo {MÌ Agob. Va _J Am{W©H$ gwYma Am{U g‘mOdmXrO‘rZgwYma EH$Ì Zm§Xy eH$V ZmhrV. {ZXmZ, S>m°. ‘Z‘mohZ qgJm§À`m gyMZoà‘mUoVwH$So> VwH$So> Pmbobr O‘rZ {H$‘mZ ì`dñWmnZmgmR>r EH$Ì AmUÊ`mMrH$mhrVar gmo` H$amdr bmJob.

(eoVH$ar g§KQ>H$, 21 Am°JñQ> 1993)


AmO Amåhr gaH$mabm gm§JVmo AmhmoV H$s BVHo$ {Xdg Amåhr ho ghZ H$aVAmbmo. Ë`m H$mimV Zohê$àUrV ì`dñWm hmoVr. gmd©O{ZH$ H$m‘ H$moUV§,O{‘ZrMr {H$_V {H$Vr ho gaH$maZ§ R>adm`§M, Ag§ Ë`m ì`dñWoV hmoV§; nUAmVm n§VàYmZm§Zr dm°qe½Q>Zbm OmD$Z ñdV… H$~yb Ho$b§ Amho H$s VrZohê$ì`dñWm g§nbr, g‘mOdmX g§nbm, {Z`moOZ ì`dñWm g§nbr, Iwë`m~mOmanoR>oMr ì`dñWm A‘bmV òV Amho.

‘J, Am‘À`m eoVH$è`m§M§ Ag§ åhUU§ Amho H$s S>m°. Am§~oS>H$am§À`mKQ>ZoV eoVH$è`m§Zm {damoY H$aÊ`mH$[aVm åhUyZ Á`m Á`m H$mhr XwéñË`mHo$ë`m AmhoV Ë`m gJù`m aÔ H$am, eoS>çwb ZD$ aÔ H$am. eoVH$è`mMr O‘rZ¿`m`Mr Agob Va Vr ~mOma^mdmZo Am{U eoVH$è`mZo ñdIwerZo {Xbr VaMKoVm òB©b. eoVH$è`mMr BÀN>m ZgVmZmgwÕm Ë`mMr O‘rZ gaH$mabm KoÊ`mMmA{YH$ma ’$º$ EH$mM ~mdrV Agy eH$Vmo Am{U Vr ~m~ åhUOo bîH$amMrJaO; nU Hw$Umbm H$maImZm H$mT>m`Mm§ Amho, Hw$Umbm XwH$mZ H$mT>m`M§Amho, Hw$Umbm amhm`bm OmJm hdr `mH$[aVm Vwåhr eoVH$è`mbm {Zdm©{gVH$ê$ eH$V Zmhr. ho Iwë`m AWì`dñWoV MmbUma Zmhr.

AmOn`ªV eoVr‘mbmÀ`m ^mdmM§ Am§XmobZ eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo Ho$b§. Iwë`mAW©ì`dñWo‘Üò AmOhr Am§XmobZ H$aVmo AmhmoV H$s eoVH$è`m§À`m ‘mbmdaVwåhr ~§YZ§ Kmby ZH$m, Ë`mÀ`m dmhVwH$sda ~§YZ Kmby ZH$m, {Z`m©Vrda~§YZ Kmby ZH$m. Iwë`m ì`dñWoV ho MmbUma Zmhr. Vg§M Am‘Mr O‘rZVwåhmbm ¿`m`Mr doi Ambr Va Vr H$m` ^mdmZ§ Úm`Mr ho Amåhr R>ady."Am‘Mr O‘rZ, Am‘Mm ^md' ho Am§XmobZ Amåhr Xoeâ H$am`M§ R>adbAmho. hm H$mhr {MIbr-Hw$XidmS>r àm{YH$aU-lr{Zdmg nmQ>rb.... AgmñWm{ZH$ àíZ Zmhr. eoVr‘mbmÀ`m ^mdmMm àíZ XoeâÀ`m eoVH$è`m§ZrbT>dbm Am{U qOH$bm. Amåhr ’$º$ H$m§ÚmM§ Am§XmobZ H$arV ~gbmo ZmhråhUyZ n§Om~À`m Jhÿ CËnmXH$ eoVH$è`m§À`m àíZmgmR>r ‘hmamï´>mVrb eoVH$arhrbT>bo. eoVr‘mbmÀ`m ^mdmgmR>r Ho$ainmgyZ n§Om~-h[aUmn`ªVMo eoVH$arbT>bo Voìhm hr bT>mB© qOH$br. AmVm "eoVrÀ`m mdm'Mm hm bT>m {MIbrnwaVm‘`m©{XV amhÿZ MmbUma Zmhr. XamoSo>Imam§Mr ‘moR>r Q>moir Amho. {VMm .‘w»`{Xëbrbm Amho. N>moQ>m ‘w»` ‘w§~B©bm Amho. AmnU Oa Ago åhUmbmo H$s‘mÂ`m Kamda XamoS>m nS>bm Amho VodT>çmV XamoSo>Imoambm ‘r hþgHy$Z bmdrZVa MmbUma Zmhr. Vmo nwÝhm Amnë`m gmWrXmam§Zm KoD$Z XamoS>m Kmbm`bm

Amnbm ì`dgm` Mmb{dÊ`mMm A{YH$ma Amho. Oa gmd©O{ZH$ H$m‘mH$[aVmO‘rZ KoUo AmdíH$ Agb§ Va Ë`mbm `mo½` Vmo ‘mo~Xbm {Xbm OmB©b. hr~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$am§À`m KQ>ZoVrb VaVyX.

nwT>o H$m` Pmb§? Ë`mdoir Hy$iH$m`Xm {ZKmbm hmoVm. doJdoJù`m amÁ`m§‘Üò{gqbJMm H$m`Xm {ZKmbm hmoVm. eoVH$è`mH$So> 18 EH$a ~mJm`Vr qH$dm 54EH$a H$moaS>dmhÿ O‘rZ `mnojm OmñV O‘rZ Agy Zò Agm {gqbJMm H$m`Xm.gmd©O{ZH$ Ý`m`, g‘Vm, {df‘Vm {Z‘©ybZ Aer `m H$m`Úm‘mJMr H$maUogm§{JVbr Jobr. 18 EH$a ~mJm`Vr O{‘ZrMr {H$_V AmOgwÕm EH$ bmIénò EH$amZo 18 cmI énò hmoB©b. AmO nwÊ`mgma»`m ehamV 18 bmIén`m§V EH$ âc°Q> {‘iU§ H$R>rU Amho; nU Ag§ Hw$Ur åhUmb§ Zmhr H$s"eham‘Üò Á`mÀ`mH$So> Mma-nmM Imoë`m§M§ Ka Amho Ë`m Imoë`m§da {gqbJAmUmd§! XmoZVrZ Imoë`m§M§ {gqbJ R>odyZ Á`m OmXm Imoë`m AgVrb Ë`m{df‘Vm {Z‘©ybZ, gm‘m{OH$ Ý`m` åhUyZ ’w$Q>nmWda amhUmè`m bmoH$m§Zmamhm`bm Úmì`m.' ehamVë`m àñW{nVm§Mr ‘mb‘Îmm OerÀ`m VerM am{hbrnm{hOo. {df‘Vm {Z‘©ybZ BW§ ZH$mo; nU {df‘Vm {Z‘©ybZ IoS>çmV ìhm`bmnm{hOo. åhUyZ, ‘J {gqbJMm H$m`Xm Pmbm. eoVH$ar H$moQ>m©V Jobo Am{UH$moQ>m©Zo {ZH$mb {Xbm H$s KQ>Zoà‘mUo, eoVH$è`m§À`m O{‘Zr H$mTy>Z KoVmòUma Zmhr.

‘J, {XëbrÀ`m gwbVmZm§Zr H$m` Ho$b§? Ë`m§Zr KQ>ZmM ~XbyZ Q>mH$brAm{U Ë`mV Ag§ dmŠ` KmVb§ H$s eoVH$è`m§Mr O‘rZ H$mTy>Z KoÊ`m~ÔbH$moUVmhr IQ>cm H$moQ>m©V Mmby eH$Uma Zmhr. Ë`mbm KQ>ZoVrb AZwÀN>oX 9(Schedule IX) åhUVmV. Ë`m‘Üò gaH$maÀ`m Á`m H$madmB©{déÕ hm`H$moQ>m©VqH$dm gwàr‘ H$moQ>m©V H$moUrhr OmD$ eH$Uma ZmhrV `mg§~§Yr gw‘mao 112H$m`Xo AmhoV. `mn¡H$s 108 eoVO{‘Zrg§~§Yr AmhoV. åhUOo, gJir KQ>Zmhr eoVH$è`m§À`m {déÕ H$aÊ`mM§ H$m‘ Ë`m KQ>Zo‘Üò n{hbr XwéñVr PmbrË`mdoirM Pmb§.

AmVm gai gai {dMma H$am H$s Amnc§ Ka H$mTy>Z KoVc§, H$maImZmH$mTy>Z KoVcm Var Ë`m§Zm H$moQ>m©V OmVm òUma Zmhr Agm H$m`Xm ehamVë`mH$maImZXmam§Zr _mÝ` Ho$cm AgVm Va Vo gaH$ma {Q>H$b§ AgV§ H$m?

nU, eoVH$è`m§À`m ~m~VrV ‘mÌ Agm H$m`Xm Pmbm. Vw‘Mr O‘rZAmåhmbm hdr Amho, Vwåhr XoemoYS>rbm bmJbmV Var Amåhmbm qMVm Zmhr.


_hmamï´>mVrc Am»Ir eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm Vob åhUyZ Oim`bm V`ma Amho `mMr½dmhr XoÊ`mgmR>r hOa AmhoV. dmS>d{S>bm§nmgyZ {H$ËòH$ {nT>çm Á`m eoVmZonmogë`m Ë`m eoVmda amhmVm òV Zgob Va eoVH$è`m§Zm EH$M OmJm CaVo, VråhUOo Vwé§J. emgZmZo qH$dm àm{YH$aUmZo eoVH$è`m§Zm Amnë`m O{‘Zrdê$ZhþgH$mdyZ bmdÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm Va ‘rhr Vw‘À`m~amo~a Vwé§JmV `m`bmV`ma Amho Am{U Am»I§ {MIbr Jmd Vwé§JmV Job§ Var ho gË`mJ«hmM§Am§XmobZ Wm§~Uma Zmhr. ‘hmamï´>mÀ`m àËòH$ {Oëøm‘YyZ gË`mJ«hr BW§òVrb qH$dm Ë`§mÀ`m {Oëøm§‘Üò {MIbrÀ`m m {edma g§ajUmÀ`m bT>çmbmnmqR>~m åhUyZ Am§XmobZ H$aVrb. Vwåhr MoVdbobr Á`moV ’w$H$Q> OmUma Zmhr,ho AmœmgZ ‘r XoVmo,''

nmUr Hw$R>§Var ‘waV§ AmhoQ>oëH$moMo H$mhr A{YH$mar OmhranUo åhUVmV H$s Amåhr O‘rZ KoVbr Va

àm{YH$aUmH$Sy>Z KoD$ Xwgè`mH$Sy>Z KoUma Zmhr. Ag§ H$m? H$maImZm MmbdUmam‘Zwî` qH$dm H§$nZr `m§Zm H$moUË`mhr àm{YH$aUmM§ ào‘ Agm`M§ H$m` H$maUAmho ? H$maImZmdmbm H$g§ ~mobbm nm{hOo ? Aao, àm{YH$aU ‘bm AH$ambmI énò EH$amZo hr O‘rZ XoV Amho, VerM ‘bm Zìì`mÊUd hOma ZD$eoZìì`mÊUd én`m§Zr Hw$Ur XoV Agob Va Vr ‘r KoB©Z. H$maImZXmamMr Aerd¥Îmr nm{hOo; nU ì`dhmam‘Üò ‘mUg§ darbà‘mUo ~moby bmJVmV VoìhmË`mMm AW© BVH$mM hmoVmo H$s nmUr Hw$R>§Var ‘waV Amho.

{hO ‘mñQ>g© ìhm°B©g{S>g|~a 92 ‘Üò àm{YH$aUmMo ‘w»`m{YH$mar lr{Zdmg nmQ>rb `m§Zr

Q>oëH$mobm hr O‘rZ XoVm òUma Zmhr Ago gm§{JVbo. 6 OmZodmar 93 amoOrB§{S>`mMo Ë`mdoiMo ajm‘§Ìr eaX ndma nwÊ`mV Ambo Am{U Ë`m§Zr KmofUmHo$br H$s àm{YH$UmMr 100 EH$a O_rZ Q>oëH$mobm XoUma AmhmoV. ajm‘§Í`m§À`mAIË`marV Q>oëH$mo òV Zmhr, eoVO‘rZ òV Zmhr, àm{YH$aUhr òV ZmhrAm{U qnnar qMMdS>hr òV Zmhr. O‘rZ bîH$amH$[aVmhr KoV ZìhVo.amÁ`nmbm§Zm AmnU {dZ§Vr Ho$br nm{hOo H$s `m àH$aUmMr n{hë`m§Xm Mm¡H$erìhmdr. H$moUË`m A{YH$mamV ajm‘§Í`m§Zr eoVH$è`m§À`m O{‘Zr Q>oëH$mobm{dH$Ê`mMm {ZU©` KoVbm?

eaX ndma e§â EH$a XoVmo åhUmë`mZ§Va, {S>g§o~amV Q>oëH$mobm O‘rZ XoVmòV Zmhr åhUUmao lr{Zdmg nmQ>rb åhUmbo, Amåhr Q>oëH$mobm 188 EH$a

òB©b. Amnë`mbm {Xëbrbm, {OW§ ‘w»` XamoSo>Imoa Amho {VWo hëbm H$am`bmnm{hOo.

{MIbrMr O‘rZ gwQ>U§ hm gmonm àíZ Amho. Vmo gmoS>{dÊ`mgmR>r eoVH$arg§KQ>Zm Vw‘À`m nmR>rer amhrb; nU Vw‘Mr O‘rZ gwQ>br åhUyZ Vwåhr Kar~gyZ MmbUma Zmhr. XoeâÀ`m "{edma g§ajUm 'À`m Am§XmobZmV {MIbrMoà{V{ZYr AJ«H«$‘mZo Ambo nm{hOoV.

`m n[afXoMm {ZîH$f© hm H$s 1951 gmbmnmgyZ Zohê$ì`dñWo‘Ü o eoVH$è`m§ZmHo$di eoVr‘mcmÀ`m ^mdmcm bwQ>b§§ EdT>§M Zìho Va Ë`m§Mr Ka§Xma§ Am{UO‘rZgwÕm bwQ>br Amho. eoVr_mbmÀ`m ^mdmM§ g§ajU AmOn`©V AmåhrHo$b§. AmVm Amåhr Am‘À`m eoVO{‘ZrM§ {edmamM§gwÕm g§ajU H$aUmaAmhmoV. eoVr‘mbmÀ`m ^mdmMr bT>mB© Xhm dfmªV qOH$br. òË`m nmMdfmªÀ`m AmV {edmamÀ`m g§ajUmMr bT>mB©hr Amåhr {O§H$Uma AmhmoV.

YrQ> ‘mdi`m§Mo A{^Z§XZ‘r gd©àW‘, BW§ O‘boë`m, Img H$ê$Z {MIbr {d^mJmVrb, qnnar

qMMdS> àm{YH$aUJ«ñV eoVH$è`m§M§ A{^Z§XZ H$aVmo. AmR> {Xdgm§nydu IwÔ‘w»`‘§Í`m§Zr Aer XQ>mdUr {Xbr H$s "hr gJir O‘rZ àm{YH$aUmMr Amho,gaH$maMr Amho Am{U Oa eoVH$ar {VWo eoVr H$arV AgVrb Va Vo A{VH«$‘UH$aVmhoV. `m{df`r Oa Hw$Ur Am§XmobZ H$arV Agob Va Ë`mbm Vm|S> Úm`bmgaH$ma g‘W© Amho.' åhUOo gaH$ma ‘w§~B©‘Üò Oo Jw§S YwS>Jyg KmbVmhoVË`m§Zm Vm|S> Úm`bm g‘W© Zmhr; nU {MIbrÀ`m eoVH$è`m§Zm Ë`m§À`mO{‘Zrdê$Z hþgHy$Z bmdm`bm ‘mÌ gaH$ma g‘W© Amho. Aer Ë`m§Zr Y‘H$mdUr{Xbr Var XoIrb `m n[agam‘Yë`m eoVH$è`m§Zr Vo AmìhmZ ñdrH$mê$ZAmnbr CnpñWVr BW§ XmIdbr `m~Ôb Vwåhm gdmªM A{^Z§XZ.

{MIbrV Vodbobm dmVrgmR>r A»Im ‘hmamï´> Vob åhUyZ OiUma ""JmdÀ`m {edmamM§ ajU H$aÊ`mMm hm bT>m {MIbr-Hw$XidmS>rÀ`m

‘mdù`m eoVH$è`m§Zr C^m Ho$bm Amho. BW§ eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m Am§XmobZmVgwédmVrnmgyZM Amnbm Ord AmoVbobo. g§KQ>ZoMo am`JS>, gmobmnya, AH$mobm,gm§Jbr, bmVya, Am¡a§Jm~mX, A‘amdVr, ZJa, nwUo {Oëøm§Vrb H$m`©H$V}à{V{ZYr åhUyZ hOa AmhoV, eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMo AÜ`úm IwÔ hOa AmhoV, VoBW§ ‘Mmda C^§ amhÿZ mfU XoÊ`mgmR>r Ambobo ZmhrV; {MIbr- Hw$XidmS>rMoeoVH$ar {edma g§ajUmÀ`m `m bT>çmV dmV åhUyZ VodUma AgVrb Va


~mam$

{ZgJ©eoVrdarc {H$S>r

{ZgJ©-{dkmZ-ì¶mnma{df¶ : Z¡g{J©H$ eoVr VWm {ZgJ©{dkmZ. ¶m "VWm' eãXmZo WmoS>m Jm|Yi

hmoÊ¶mMr e³¶Vm Amho. Z¡g{J©H$ eoVr åhUOoM {ZgJ© {dkmZ eoVr ho H$mhrIao Zmhr. {e{~amMo gyÌYma "~{iamOm ‘m{gH$' AmYw{ZH$ ì¶mnmar eoVrMo‘m{gH$ Aer {~ê$Xmdcr {‘adVo. {ZgJ©{dkmZ eoVrMr MMm© AmYw{ZH$ì¶mnmar Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ KS>dyZ AmUÊ¶mgmR>r ‘hmamï´>mV OmJmoOmJr CX§S> H$ï>,à¶mg, Vnñ¶m H$aUmar {Zð>mdmZ ‘§S>ir EH$Ì O‘m Pmcr AmhoV.

eãXm§Mo ‘moR>o nrH${df¶ gÜ¶m cmoH${à¶VoÀ¶m {eIamda Amho. Joë¶m df©âm§V AÜ¶m©

S>PZmda Xoer-naXoer {dÚmWu, ¶m {df¶mda S>m°³Q>aoQ> H$aUmao, ‘cm ôQ>coAmhoV. eoVH$è¶m§noúmm hm {df¶ {dÛmZmV A{YH$ cmoH${à¶ Pmë¶mZo eãXm§MonrH$ ‘moR>o CX§S> Amco Amho. H$moUr d¡H$pënH$ (Alternative) eoVr åhUVmo,åhUOo h[aV-H«$m§Vr KS>dyZ AmUÊ¶mH$[aVm dmnacoë¶m gwYm[aV {~¶mÊ¶m§MrdmUo Am{U daIVo d Am¡fYo ¶m§À¶m Cn¶moJmZo hmoUmè¶m eoVrcm n¶m©¶ XoUmareoVr, H$moUr ’$º$ noQ´>mo{c¶‘{dahrV eoVr åhUVmo, H$moUr O¡{dH$, H$moUrBiotic eoVr. H$moUr åhUVo n¶m©daUr (Ecological) eoVr, H$moUr emídV(Sustenable) eoVr,H$moUr yZmJ (Vermiculture) eoVr B. eãXà¶moJ AmhoVM.B§J«OrV eãXm§Mr c¶cyQ> Am{UH$ ‘moR>r Amho. Organic, Natural, Bio-Dy-

namic, Permaculture B.B.Z¡g{J©H$ eoVH$è¶m§À¶m N>Q>m’$mago Vn{ecmV Z OmVm gm§Jm¶Mo Pmco Va ¶m gJù¶m àH$mam§‘Ü¶o

g‘mZVm EdT>r H$s eoVrÀ¶m~mhoê$Z ¶oUmè¶m, {deofV: H$maImZXmarV V¶ma

O‘rZ {dH$Uma AmhmoV. EH$m ‘{hÝ`mV ‘w»`m{YH$mè`m§À`m ^y{‘Ho$V Am‘ybmJ«~Xb H$m Pmbm `mMrhr Mm¡H$er Pmbr nm{hOo.

`m O{‘Zrg§X^m©V eoVH$è`m§Zm {Xbobr H$mJXnÌo Am{U àm{YH$aUmÀ`mH$m`m©b`mVrb H$mJXnÌo `m§V V’$mdV Amho. hr V’$mdV H$mJXnÌm§VrbVn{ebmV d VmaIm§V ~Xb Ho$ë`m‘wioM {Z‘m©U Pmbr Agmdr. O{‘ZtÀ`m20 H$moQ>r én`m§À`m `m ì`dhmamV àm{YH$aUmZo A’$amV’$a Ho$bobr Amho.AmnU ‘hmamï´>mÀ`m amÁ`nmbm§Zm {dZ§Vr H$aUma AmhmoV H$s {MIbr àH$aUmMrgmd©O{ZH$ Mm¡H$er Pmbr nm{hOo.

VmoV`m ‘mbH$m§nmgyZ gmdY!eoVH$è`mMr y{‘H$m ñnï> Amho. eoVH$è`m§Mm Q>oëH$moer dmX Zmhr. Q>oëH$mobm

O‘rZ ¿`m`Mr Agob Va Ë`m§Zr Iè`m ‘mbH$m§er ì`dhma H$amdm, VmoV`m‘mbH$m§er H$ê$ Zò. BVa H$moUmerhr Ho$bobo ì`dhma ~oH$m`Xoera AgVrb.àm{YH$aUmer ì`dhma H$ê$Z ImoQ>r H$mJXnÌo V`ma hmoD$ eH$Vrb; nUàË`j O{‘ZrMm Vm~m {‘iUma Zmhr H$maU Amåhr O{‘ZrMo ‘mbH$ AmhmoV,àm{YH$aU Zmhr. `m{df`r (JRD) Q>mQ>m§er g§nH©$ gmYbm OmB©b.

Mma hOmam§Mo ~mdrg bmI?eoVH$è`m§Zm ho H$m` Jm¡S>~§Jmb Amho H$iV Zmhr. Amnbr O‘rZ OmVmZm

4000 énò EH$amZo OmVo. Ë`m OmJoda H$mhrhr So>ìhbn‘|Q> Ho$br Zmhr Am{UHo$br Var H$m` H$aVmV ? JQ>mamH$[aVm Mma Ma IUm`Mo, nmB©nbmB©Z AmUyZÚm`Mr, añVm AmIm`Mm, gnmQ>rH$aU H$am`M§. ho eoVH$arhr H$ê$ eH$Vmo.Am‘À`m hmVmV AgVmZm Á`m O{‘ZrMr {H$_V ’$º$ 4000 énò EH$a Am{UVr O‘rZ Ë`m ~mOybm Jobr H$s bJoM {VMr {H$_V AH$am bmI Zìho ~mdrgbmI énò hmoVo! EH$amM§ ‘moO‘mnM g§nyZ OmV§ Am{U Xa Mm¡ag’w$Q>mdaR>aVmV.

AmVm `mMr OmUrd ‘hmamï´>mVë`m eoVH$è`m§Zm {MIbrH$am§Zr H$ê$Z {Xbr`m~Ôb Ë`m§Zm gJù`m§Zm dVrZo YÝ`dmX {Xbo nm{hOoV.



H$aVmV. hm H$chr hiyhiy ~Xcoc. naXoemV O¡{dH$ eoVr‘mcmMm AmJ«hdmT>Vmo Amho. gmh{OH$M Amnë¶m XoemVrc n§MVmam§{H$V ‘§S>irhr O¡{dH$‘mcmMm AmJ«h Yê$ cmJcr AmhoV. ~mOmanoR>oMm hm H$c am{hcm Va CÚmoOH$eoVH$è¶m§Zm amgm¶{ZH$ IVm§~amo~aM Am¡fYm§Mm dmna H$‘r H$amdm cmJoc.~mOmanoR>oV ^maVmMr Odi Odi ‘ºo$Xmar hmoD$ eHo$c. ¶m Ñï>rZo hr ‘§S>ir{ZgJ© eoVrMo ‘hÎd ‘mZVmV.

amgm¶{ZH$mMo nwañH$V} ZmhrV"{ZgJ©eoVr' Am{U "amgm¶{ZH$ eoVr' Ago XmoZ eãXà¶moJ dmnaco Va

amgm¶{ZH$ eoVrMo I§Xo nwañH$V} AWdm g‘W©H$ Ago Hw$UrM Zmhr. agm¶ZoMdmnam, O¡{dH$ IVo dmnê$M ZH$m Agm A{VaoH$ amgm¶{ZH$mV gmnS>V Zmhr.Z¡g{J©H$ IVo Mm§Jcr nU nwadR>m åhUyZ WmoS>çm’$ma à‘mUmV agm¶ZmMmCn¶moJ H$aUo gmo¶rMo Am{U ’$m¶ÚmMo AgVo EdT>rM H$m¶ Vr Ë¶m§Mr ‘m§S>UrAmho. h[aV H«$m§VrÀ¶m V§ÌkmZmMo I§Xo nwañH$V} H$moUr ZmhrV; nU Joë¶m 30dfm©Vrc ¶mV§ÌkmZmÀ¶m dmnamMo g‘W©Z H$aUmao AZoH$ AmhoV. h[aVH«$m§VrV§ÌkmZmcm 30 dfmªnydu n¶m©¶ ZìhVm. Oa H$m Vmo dmna Pmcm ZgVm Va XoeAÞYmÝ¶mÀ¶m ~m~VrV ñdmdc§~r Pmcm ZgVm, cúmmdYr ‘mUgo Cnmg‘marVgmnS>cr AgVr Ago Ë¶m§Mo åhUUo Amho. ‘cm Ago dmQ>Vo H$s ¶m {df¶mda‘V^oX Zgmdm.

MhÿH$S>o {ZgJ©eoVrM{H$Ë¶oH$ eVHo$ qhXþñWmZmV gmar {ZgJ©eoVrM Mmcy Amho. agm¶Zm§Mm

Cn¶moJ `m eVH$mVM Amcm Am{U Ë¶m§Vhr {deof H$ê$Z Joë¶m 30 dfmªVMAmcm. AmOhr daIVm§Mm dmna BVa Xoem§À¶m VwcZoZo AJXrM H$‘r Amho.Vmo dmna ImÌrera nmUrnwadR>m Agcoë¶m úmoÌmV; Jhÿ, ^mV, D$g, H$mnygAem H$m§hr ‘moO³¶m {nH$m§V Amho. ~mH$s eoVrV agm¶Zm§Mm dmna AJXrM{H$aH$moi Amho. XoemVrc Odi Odi 40 % eoVrV AmOXoIrc H$U‘mÌ¶w[a¶m nS>V Zmhr. {ZgJ©eoVrÀ¶m eoH$S>mo dfmªV Xoem§V XþîH$mi nS>V am{hco,‘mUgo Cnmer ‘aV am{hcr. AmOhr 40 % eoVH$ar {ZgJ©eoVr H$aVmV VarXoe AS>MUrVM Amho. Voìhm {ZgJ©eoVr gJù¶m amoJm§daMm EH$ ‘moR>m Cnm¶Amho Agcr ^mfm {dÛmZm§Zr Iwemc dmnamdr, eoVH$è¶m§Zm Vr nadS>UmarZmhr.

{ZgJ©eoVrÀ¶m {déÕ H$moUrM Zmhr. ¶m P|S>çmImcr H$mhr àd¥Îmr ‘mÌ

hmoUmè¶m dñVy§Mm, {Z{dð>m§Mm dmna H$‘r. {ZgJ©eoVrV H$mhr àIa {Zð>mdmZAmhoV. EImÚm gmodù¶m ~«m÷Umà‘mUo agm¶ZmÀ¶m gmdcrMmhr {dQ>miË¶m§Zm InV Zmhr. EH$ H$U Oar agm¶Z Amco Var Ë¶m‘wio gJio Z¡g{J©H$MH«$ {~KSy>Z OmÊ¶mMr YmñVr Ë¶m§Zm dmQ>Vo. ~mH$sÀ¶m§Mr, Amdí¶H$VmnS>ë¶mg WmoS>r’$ma VS>OmoS> H$aÊ¶mMr V¶mar AgVo. ¶m Zì¶m MidirV{ZgJ©dmXr AmhoV, VÎdkmZr AmhoV, Y‘©dmXr AmhoV n¶m©daUdmXr AmhoV,H$mhr H$mhr Va eoVH$argwÕm AmhoV.

Xþgam EH$ àdmh{ZgJ©eoVrÀ¶m àdmhm~amo~a Xþgarhr EH$ O~aXñV {dMmaYmam Amho.

ZwH$VoM ‘hmamï´>mVrc Mma-nmMeo eoVH$ar Bòm¶ccm OmD$Z Amco. {edm¶AW©ì¶dñWoÀ¶m IwcrH$aUm‘wio, {Z¶m©VrgmR>r, ~r-{~¶mUo BË¶mXtÀ¶mAm¶mVrgmR>r AZoH$ VéU eoVH$è¶m§Mm naXoer eoVH$s V§ÌkmZmer g§~§YAmcocm Amho. ¶m ‘§S>itÀ¶m Vm|S>Mr ^mfm {ZgJ©eoVrdmë¶m§noúmm AJXrMdoJir Amho. AmYw{ZH$ ì¶mnmar eoVrH$arVm eoVr‘mcmMo hþH$‘r CËnXZKoVco nm{hOo, {Z¶m©VrMo H$ama‘Xma Pmco Am{U CËnmXZM Pmco Zmhr VaOmJ{VH$ ~mOmanoR>oV Amnë¶mcm ñWmZ amhUma Zmhr ho Ë¶m§Zm Mm§Jco g‘OVoAmho. hþH$‘r CËnmXZ Pmco nm{hOo EdT>oM Zìho Va Vo CËnmXZ R>am{dH$JwUdÎmoMo Pmco nm{hOo; a§J, ê$n, AmH$ma, J§Y, ñdmX, ñne©, Md, ewÕVmAem gJù¶m H$gmoQ>çm§Zm ‘mc CVacm nm{hOo. Ë¶m§H$[aVm àM§S> AmÀN>m{XVKao ~m§YyZ CîUVm‘mZ, nmUr, IVo, Am¡fYo ¶m§Mm R>am{dH$ Am{U {Z¶{‘VnwadR>m H$aUmè¶m Odinmg H$maImZXmar V§ÌkmZmH$S>o Vo diV AmhoV. ‘mcV¶ma Pmë¶mZ§Vahr Ë¶mMr VmoS>Ur, erVH$aU, Amdoï>Z, gmR>dUyH$, {dH«$s,à{H«$¶m, {Z¶m©V ¶mH$[aVm A{YH$m{YH$ H$maImZXmar gmYZo Cn¶moJmV AmUÊ¶mMrAmdí¶H$Vm Vo {hararZo ‘m§S>VmV.

EH$Q>çm ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶mVM eoVH$è¶m§‘Ü¶o Am{U eoVrg§~§Yr XmoZ {dMmaàdmhgma»¶mM {hararZo ‘m§S>co OmV AmhoV. EH$ "{ZgJ©eoVrMm' Am{U Xþgam"CÚmoOH$ eoVrMm'.

CÚmoOH$ eoVH$ar {ZgJ©eoVrÀ¶m Vgo {damoYr ZmhrV, Ðmúmo, ’w$co, ñQ´>m°~oar¶m§Mr {Z¶m©V H$aUmar AZoH$ eoVH$ar ‘§S>ir AmJ«hmZo daIVm§Mm dmnaQ>miVmV qH$dm ‘¶m©{XV R>odVmV. Am¡fYm§À¶m Cnm¶¶moOZm§V ‘mÌ H$mhr{H$aH$moi AndmX gmoS>ë¶mg amgm¶{ZH$ Am¡fYm§Mm dmna ho CÚmoOH$ eoVH$ar


H$m§MZ‘wº$sMo H$m§MZ‘¥JY‘©dmÚm§à‘mUoM EH$ doJio AÜ¶mË‘ gm§JUmar ‘§S>ir {ZgJ©eoVrV {‘adV

AmhoV. ¶mV àm‘w»¶mZo Jm§YrdmXr, gd© godm g§Kdmco H$m§MZ ‘w{º$dmXr¶m§Mr JUZm Amho. {ZgJ©eoVrMm nwañH$ma H$aVmZm Vo eoVrVrc ì¶mdgm{¶H$VodaCKS> CKS> h„m H$aVmV. H$moUr "A°cZ Om°O©' hm Ë¶m§Mm AmdS>Vm coIH$,Ë¶mMo EH$ dMZ CX²Y¥V Ho$co OmVo.

""Ooìhm Voìhm eoVH$è¶mZo dmñV{dH$ eoVr H$aÊ¶mMo, AWm©V {VÀ`mnmgyZAmncr d AmgnmgÀ¶m g‘mOmMr Amdí¶H$Vm nyVu H$aÊ¶mEodOr AmncoCËnmXZ Xÿa, cm§~ nmR>dyZ n¡emÀ¶m cmcgoZo {dH$Ê¶mg gwédmV Ho$cr d{Vcm ì¶mnmamMo ê$n {Xco Voìhm Ë¶mZo g§H$Q> {dH$V KoVco d O{‘ZrMo emofUH$ê$Z {haì¶mJma eoVrMo dmid§Q> Ho$co.''

""ñdV: d Jmd ¶m§À¶m ñdmdc§~ZmEodOr Zâ¶mgmR>r eoVr H$arc'' ¶m~wÕrZo eoVH$ar {ZgJm©nmgyZ Xÿa Jocm Am{U Ë¶mZo ñdV:Mo, XoemMo ZwH$gmZHo$co Aer ‘m§S>Ur "gd© godm g§K'dmco H$aVmV.

XþÉ>mMm¶mªMr ‘i‘iAmnco {hV H$emV Amho, Amnë¶m nmoam~mim§Mo, Hw$Qw>§~mMo {hV H$emV

Amho ho eoVH$è¶m§Zm H$iV Zmhr; eoVrV H$m¶ {nH$dmdo ¶mMo ehmUnU Ë¶m§Zr"AmåhmH$Sy>Z' ¿¶mdo, OJ n¡emÀ¶m ‘mJo cmJco Var eoVH$è¶m§Zr ‘mÌ godm^mdrOrdZ H$mT>mdo Aer Xm§{^H$Vm ¶m {dMmagaUrV AmhoM. Ë¶mIoarO, d¡¶{º$H$Zâ¶mnoúmm H$mhr ì¶mnH$ Cƒ VÎdm§À¶m AmYmamZo XoemVrc gmYZg§nÎmrMmdmna A{YH$ Mm§Jcm hmoVmo, Agmhr EH$ {gÕm§V Amho. gd©gm‘mÝ¶ g§gmarcmoH$m§Zm Ë¶m§Mo {hV H$m¶ H$iUma? fS²>[any§À¶m H$X©‘mV Vo {~Mmao JQ>m§Jù¶mImV AgVmV. Amåhr na‘oœar kmZmMo dmagXma Ë¶m§Zm ‘moúmmMm ‘mJ© XmIdVmoAgm Ah§H$ma Y‘©dmÚm§Zr dfm©Zwdf} {‘adcm. Jhÿ {H$Vr {nH$dmdm, H$moqW~ra{H$Vr cmdmdr ho eoVH$è¶m§Zm H$m¶ g‘OUma? Ë¶mgmR>r amOYmZrVrc {Z¶moOZ‘§S>imV ~gcocr "XþÉ>mMm¶©' ‘§S>ir AmH$S>o‘moS>r H$ê$Z {ZU©¶ KoVrc hrg‘mOdmÚm§Mr Am{U Zohê$dmÚm§Mr ‘m§S>Ur. ì¶º$sÀ¶m àoaUm XoeKmVH$ AgVmVAm{U Xoe{hV H$iVo Vo AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ qH$dm AW©emór XþÉ>mMm¶mªZm. H$maUË¶m§À¶mH$S>o H$mhr "‘hmZ ì¶mnH$ Ñ{ï>H$moZ'AgVmo. g‘mOdmXr Ë¶m§À¶mVÎdkmZmÀ¶m AmYmamZo g‘mOmda hþHw$‘V ~gdy nmhV hmoVo. Jm§YrdmXr VemMVm|S>dù¶mMm H$m¶©H«$‘ AmÜ¶mË‘mÀ¶m nm¶mda XoV AmhoV.

‘ZmV H$mhr àíZ{MÝho Am{U ^rVr V¶ma H$aVmV.Y‘©dmXmMo ^yV{ZgJ©eoVrÀ¶m {Z{‘ÎmmZo EH$ Zdm Y‘©dmX eoVr‘Ü¶o Kwg{dÊ¶mMm à¶ËZ

hmoVmo Amho Agm g§e¶ KoÊ¶mg OmJm Amho. ~m~m‘hmamOm§Mo AZoH$ {eî¶daAm{U ñdV:cm Jm§YrdmXr åhUdUmao Am{U OÝ‘mÀ¶m AnKmVmZo {‘imcoë¶mË¶m Y‘m©À¶m dmaemMm Jd© {‘a{dUmao AZoH$ cmoH$ {ZgJ©eoVrÀ¶m MidirVAJ«^mJr AmhoV. eoVH$è¶m§Zr {ZgJ©eoVr MidirVrc Y‘©dmÚm§nmgyZ Am{Ug‘mOdmÚm§nmgyZ gmdY am{hco nm{hOo. ‘r hm ‘wÔm AmdOy©Z ‘m§S>Vmo, H$maU‘cm hm YmoH$m ’$ma ^¶mZH$ dmQ>Vmo. {ZgJ©eoVrMo à¶moJ$ H$aUmè¶m§n¡H$sAZoH$OU Y‘©dmXr VÎdkmZmZo ào[aV Pmcoco AmhoV. IwÔ "‘mgmZmo~w ’w$Hy$AmoH$m'¶m§Mr {ZgJ©eoVrMr ‘m§S>UrM Y‘m©da ^a XoVo. Ë¶m§Zr åhQ>co Amho,

""Z¡g{J©H$ eoVr‘Ü¶o Y‘©, VÎdkmZ Am{U {dkmZ ¶m§Mm g§¶moJ Pmcm Amhoho {deofV: ^maVr¶m§Zr OmUco Amho. Z¡g{J©H$ eoVr hoM na‘ gË¶, IamgmYZ‘mJ© d ¶WmW© eoVrnÕVr hmo¶ hr Jmoï> Ë¶m§Zm AmH$icr ¶mZo ‘cmYÝ¶Vm dmQ>cr.''

nwÊ¶mÀ¶m Amgnmg dmdam§da Jm¶Ìr ‘§ÌmMm à¶moJ gm§JUmao "{dkmZ§X'Pmco. VgoM "{ZgJ©eoVrVrc Y‘©dmXr' eoVH$è¶m§Zm YmoH$m XoD$ nmhV AmhoV.amgm¶{ZH$ eoVrÀ¶m Xþîn[aUm‘m§Zr eoVH$ar nmoicocm Amho ¶mMm ’$m¶XmKoD$Z "{dkmZ haco, AÜ¶mË‘ qOH$co' Aem Amamoù¶m R>moH$m¶cm Ë¶m§ZrgwédmV Ho$cr Amho. {ZgJ©eoVrMr JmoS>r eoVH$è¶m§Zm cmJcr H$s ‘J OwÝ¶mH$miÀ¶m {¼íMZ {‘eZè¶mà‘mUo AÜ¶mË‘mV ~mQ>dÊ¶mMo ho H$mañWmZ Amho.OZmdam§Mo ‘yÌ eoVrcm ’$m¶Xoera nU Ë¶mV Jmo‘yÌ gdm©V ’$m¶Xoera AgmàMma JmonyOH$ Y‘©dmXr H$aVmV. AY©dQ> emór¶ n[a^mfoV Ë¶mMo WmVya‘mVyag‘W©Z XoD$Z cmoH$m§Zm ^wcdVmV. Á¶m Á¶m XoemV EH$ dqeS>mMr Jm¶ AmhoVmo Vmo Xoe Am{U VoWrc n¶m©daU CX²>ÜdñV Pmco Amho. Var Ë¶m JmB©MoXoìhmao ‘mOdVmV; Á¶mo{Vf emómÀ¶m AmYmamZo d¡{XH$ eoVr H$aÊ¶mMr{e’$mag H$aVmV. am¶m{ZH$ eoVrMm nam^d Pmcm Agoc, Zgoc nU {dkmZmMmnam^d Pmcocm Zmhr, MwH$sÀ¶m V§ÌkmZmMm nam^d Pmcm Amho. {dkmZ{Zð>mqOH$V Amho. Zâ¶mMr àoaUm gdm©V g~i Am{U gwï> àoaUm {gÕ Pmcr Amho.hr XmoZ ‘yë¶o amgm¶{ZH$ eoVr~amo~a gmoS>cr Va K§JmimVrc JTy>i nmÊ¶m~amo~aË¶mV ÝhmD$ KmVcoco ~mihr ’o$Hy$Z {Xë¶mgmaIo hmoB©c.


àm{U‘mÌ Am{U ‘mZd ¶m§Mr dñVr gd©H$mi A~m{YVnUo Mmcy amhrc AgoMV§ÌkmZ dmnaco nm{hOo AÝ¶Wm n¥ÏdrMm Zme AQ>i Amho Agm Ë¶m§Mm AmJ«hAmho.

OJmÀ¶m B{VhmgmV àË¶oH$ nm¶arcm AmVm hr n¥Ïdr ~wS>Vo, AmVm {dZmeOdi Amcm Aem Amamoù¶m R>moH$Umar ‘§S>ir Ñï>rg nS>VmV. n{hcr AmJJmS>r^yJmocmdê$Z Ymdy cmJcr Voìhm g¥ï>rMm {dZme Odi Amcm Ago AmYw{ZH$n¶m©daUdmÚm§Mo nyd©O H$admXco hmoVo. n{hco H$maImZo C^o amhÿ cmJco Voìhmhr gmar h[aV g¥ï>r AmVm cwá hmoUma ¶mMr qMVm nS>coë¶m§V Q>m°cñQ>m°¶,añH$sZ ¶m§Mrhr JUZm Amho. cmoH$g§»¶m y{‘Vr loUrZo dmT>Vo Am{U AÞYmÝ¶mMoCËnmXZ ‘mÌ J{UVr loUrZo dmT>Vo Voìhm ‘Zwî¶OmV ^yH$~irZo ZîQ> hmoUoAn[ahm¶© Amho Ago ^mH$sV ¶m§À¶mM nyd©Om§Zr dV©dco hmoVo. hr gJir^{H$Vo ImoQ>r nmSy>Z ‘mUyg {Od§V am{hcm, EdT>oM Zìho Va Vmo gwYmacm,OmñV gwIr Pmcm hohr gË¶ Amho.

D$Om©òmoVm§Mm H$maHw$Zr {heo~R>am{dH$ noÝeZ {‘iUmao åhmVmao Amnco gJio X¡Z§{XZ OrdZ Ë¶m aH$‘oV

~gdÊ¶mMm AmaIS>m V¶ma H$aVmV, åhUOo ‘aon¶ªV AmnUmg H$mhr H$‘r nSy>Z¶o. Agcm {heo~ ‘mZdOmV H$aV Zmhr. ‘Zwî¶ YS>nS>Vmo, ñdV:À¶m"ñdmV§Í¶mÀ¶m H$úmm' é§XmdÊ¶mH$[aVm ^JraW à¶ËZ H$aVmo, {ZgJm©Mr ahñ¶oAm{U à‘o¶o emoYyZ H$mT>Vmo. ~¡cmÀ¶m VmH$XrnmgyZ dmam, nmUr, H$moigm,drO, noQ´>mo{c¶‘, AUwn¶ªV D$O}Mo AZoH$ òmoV Ë¶mZo dogU KmcyZ godogR>odco AmhoV. Cacoë¶m noQ´>moc òmoVm§Mm Zo‘H$m {heo~ ‘m§Sy>Z ‘Zwî¶OmVrÀ¶mnwè¶m {dî¶mV Vo nwaVrc Aem JVrZo OnyZ OnyZ dmnaÊ¶mMr nÕVr ‘mUgmÀ¶mñd^mdmcm O‘Umar Zmhr. noQ´>moc g§nco Va Ë¶m OmJr Xþgar H$mhr gmYZo V¶maH$ê$, AUw§Mm dma H$ê$, g‘wÐm§À¶m cmQ>m§Zm H$m‘r cmdy, gy¶m©Mr D$Om© dmnê$Am{U EH$ {Xdg gy¶©M {dPV Amcm Va Ë¶m OmJr EImÚm VmaHo$cm AmoT>rVAmUyZ noQ>dyZ XoD$Z Zdm gy¶© C^m H$aÊ¶mMr Ë¶mMr {OÔ Amho. n¶m©daUdmÚm§Zrn«JVrcm Iri KmcÊ¶mMr H$moerg eVH$mZweVHo$ Ho$cr, nU ‘mUyg Wm§~cmZmhr. H$V©~Jmar JmOdy BpÀN>Umè¶m nmoamcm KamVrc åhmVmè¶m§Zr gmdY{JarMmg„m Úmdm ho ¶mo½¶M; Ë¶mMm H$mhr Zm H$mhr Cn¶moJ hmoVmoM. n¶m©daUdmÚm§VH$mhr ^cr ‘§S>irhr AmhoV. ‘Zwî¶mÀ¶m ^{dVì¶m{df¶r Ë¶m§Zm dmQ>UmarqMVm IarIwar Amho. AÝ¶Wm ¶m úmoÌmV H$m‘ H$aUmè¶m H$m¶©H$Ë¶mªZm Am{U

ì¶³VtZr Zâ¶mMm nmR>nwamdm Ho$ë¶m‘wio XoemMo ZwH$gmZ hmoVo ¶m dmdXÿH$H$ënZoMm OmJ{VH$ Eo{Vhm{gH$ nam^d Pmcm Amho.

ñdmV§Í¶mÀ¶m H$úmmZ¡g{J©H$ eoVrV {ZgJm©er ghOrdZ gmYco OmVo, Z¡g{J©H$ eoVr AmpË‘H$

gwI Am{U AmZ§X XoVo, Ë¶m~amo~a Z¡g{J©H$ eoVrV V¶ma hmoUmam ‘mc A{YH$nm¡{ï>H$, MdXma AgVmo. amgm¶{ZH$ IVm§VyZ V¶ma Pmcoë¶m ‘mcmÀ¶m godZmZo‘mUgmMm ñd^md {~KS>Vmo, AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ AY:nVZ hmoVo Agohr doJdoJio¶w{º$dmX EoH$dco OmVmV. H$moUË¶m nXmWm©À¶m godZmZo ‘Zwî¶àmÊ¶mMrAmÜ¶mpË‘H$ CÞVr qH$dm AdZVr hmoVo hm ‘mÂ¶m Aä¶mgmMm {df¶ Zmhr.Z¡g{J©H$ eoVrVrc ‘mc A{YH$ éMH$a, nm¡{ï>H$ AgVmo ho ‘mZÊ¶mg ‘r V¶maAmho; nU ¶mM H$maUmZo Z¡g{J©H$ eoVr eoVH$è¶m§Zm Am{U J«mhH$mcm ‘mÝ¶hmoB©c hr H$ënZm ‘Zwî¶ñd^mdmÀ¶m MwH$sÀ¶m {ZXmZmda AmYmacocr Amho.ñdm‘r {MÝ‘¶mZ§X EH$ AZw^d gm§JV. nhmQ>o Mma dmOVm CRy>Z Vm§ã¶m^a nmUrß¶mco Va H$moR>m gm’$ amhVmo, àH¥$Vr Mm§Jcr amhVo, CËgmh dmQ>Vmo ho gJioIao; nU Agm AZw^d KoD$Zhr Cf:nmZ H$aUmao {daimM. ¶mCcQ>, Yy‘«nmZmZoàH¥$Vr {~KS>Vo, H°$ÝgagmaIo ^¶mZH$ amoJ hmoVmV ho ‘mhrV AgyZhr EH$mPwa³¶mÀ¶m Vc’o$gmR>r ‘mUgo doir Adoir H$mogÀ¶m H$mog AdKS> añË¶mZonm¶r MmcV OmVmV. Z¡g{J©H$ eoVrVyZ Amamo½¶, em§Vr {‘iV Agoc nUAmamo½¶-gwI-em§Vr hr ‘Zwî¶àmÊ¶mMr C{Ôï>o ZmhrV; ‘mUgmMo C{Ôï>ñdmV§Í¶mÀ¶m H$úmm é§XmdÊ¶mMo AgVo. nmoQ>°{eA‘ gm¶ZmBS>gma»¶m Ohmc{dfmMr Ho$di Md H$imdr Am{U ‘aU ¶oÊ¶mAmYr Vr {chÿZ R>odVm ¶mdr¶mgmR>r AZoH$m§Zr àmU J‘mdco AmhoV Ago åhUVmV.

amgm¶{ZH$ eoVrVrc BVa Xmof H$mhrhr AgmoV, Ë¶mV CËnmXZmdarceoVH$è¶mMo {Z¶§ÌU A{YH$ g‚mS> Amho. amgm¶{ZH$ eoVrcm Omo H$mhr n¶m©¶{ZKoc Vmo ‘mUgmÀ¶m ñdmV§Í¶mÀ¶m H$úmm ~§{XñV H$aUmam Agoc Va Ë¶mMrñdrH¥$Vr H$R>rU Amho.

n¶m©daUdmÚm§Mr ^¶mZH$ ^{H$Vo{ZgJ©eoVrÀ¶m Midircm Y‘©dmÚm§à‘mUoM n¶m©daUdmÚm§Mmhr ‘moR>m

YmoH$m Amho. emœV eoVr qH$dm gXm gd©H$mi MmcUmar eoVr Aer H$ënZmn¶m©daUdmXr ‘m§S>VmV. dV©‘mZ {nT>rMm {dH$mg CÚmÀ¶m {nT>çm§À¶m dmagmcmY¸$m Z cmJVm Pmcm nm{hOo, OoUoH$ê$Z hr gw§Xa n¥Ïdr Am{U Ë¶mdarc


Voìhm AW©H$maUmÀ¶m g~~rda qH$dm n¶m©daUmÀ¶m ~mJwc~wdmZo Var "gaH$maemhrì¶dñWm' H$mhr H$mi {Q>H$dmdr ¶m ~wÕrZo ~hþV gmao OwZo g‘mOdmXr AmOn¶m©daUdmXr Pmco AmhoV.

XmofmñnXmH$Sy>Z XmofmËnXmH$S>oàË¶oH$ g‘mOì¶dñWoÀ¶m ñdV:À¶m n¶m©daU g‘ñ¶m AgVmV. {ZgJ©eoVrMm

A§‘c Mmcy AgVmZm ‘co[a¶m, H$m°cam, Xodr, Zmê$, Iê$O Agë¶m amoJm§Zrgd©Xÿa W¡‘mZ KmVco hmoVo. Ë¶m~amo~a Xþgè¶m H$mhr g‘ñ¶m V¶ma Pmë¶m. Ë¶mgmoS>dÊ¶mÀ¶m à¶ËZm§V ‘Zwî¶ JT>cm Amho. g‘mO EH$m XmofmñnX pñWVrVyZXþgè¶m XmofmñnX pñWVrV OmVmo Am{U Zdo Xmof H$aVm H$aVm AmUIrZ ZdrZg‘ñ¶m S>mo³¶mda KoVmo. ‘Zwî¶mÀ¶m gm§V OrdZmV "em§Vr'cm ñWmZ Zmhr."Aem§Vr'VyZ gwQ>H$m H$Xm{MV {Zdm©Um§V qH$dm ‘moúmm§V {‘iV Agoc; EadrZmhr.

‘mUyghr {ZgJ© Amho{ZgJ© hm Zoh‘rM loð>M AgVmo, H$ë¶mUH$marM AgVmo Agm

n¶m©daUdmÚm§Mm Xþgam EH$ ÑT> {dœmg Amho. ‘Zwî¶M H$m¶ Vmo Xþï> AmhoAm{U Vmo {ZgJm©À¶m ‘§JcH$m¶m©V AmS> ¶oVmo Aer Ë¶mMr R>m‘ H$ënZm Amho.gd©H$ë¶mUH$mar {ZgJm©Zo Aer A^Ð ‘Zwî¶OmV OÝ‘mcm KmVcrM H$m?Am{U {VMoM dM©ñd àñWm{nV hmoD$ {Xco H$go? Agco Vm{H©$H$ àíZ{ZgJ©dmÚm§À¶m ^md{dœmV gm‘mdV ZmhrV.

{ZgJ© gXmM H$ë¶mUH$mar AgVmoM Ago Zmhr. {ZgJ© àH¥$VrZo g§»¶memñÌr¶Amho, VQ>ñWm Amho. H$Yr Ë¶mcm dogUhr Kmcmdr cmJVo. {ZgJ© Am{U‘mUgmMo eÌwËd Zmhr. EH$mM Hw$Qw§~mVrc ór-nwéfm§gmaIo Ë¶m§Mo ZmVo Amho.Zdam-~m¶H$moV Var gXgd©H$mi JmoS>rJwcm~r Am{U Mm§XUr amÌ AgVo AgoWmoS>oM Amho!

AW©H$maU Q>miVm `oV Zmhr{ZgJ©eoVrÀ¶m n§T>anyaÀ¶m dmarV Y‘©dmXr, g‘mOdmXr, n¶m©daUdmXr

hm¡em-Zdem-Jdí¶m§à‘mUo Kwgco AmhoV, Ë¶m§À¶m{df¶r eoVH$è¶m§Zr gmdYamhUo ‘hÎdmMo Amho.

KmQ>çmVrc eoVramgm¶{ZH$ eoVrÀ¶m AZw^dmZo eoVH$ar nmoicm Amho, ^m§~mdcm Amho.

Ë¶mcm Amnë¶m ZmXr cmdÊ¶mÀ¶m à¶ËZ H$aUmao AZoH$ AmhoV, Ë¶m§À¶mnmgyZ

g§ñWm§Zm dmnaUo H$R>rU ìhmdo BVH$s gmYZo, g§nÎmr Am{U gÝ‘mZ AJXrghOmghOr CncãY Pmcr ZgVr.

Aemór¶ emœVrn¶m©daUdmÚm§À¶m gX²hoVy~Ôc, gX²^mdZo~Ôc e§H$m KoÊ¶mMo H$maU Zmhr

nU Ë¶mncrH$S>o Ë¶m§À¶mH$S>o H$mhr Agco Va Vo VnmgyZ ¿¶mdo cmJoc. CXm:Ë¶m§Mr emœVVoMr H$ënZm {H$VnV emór¶ Amho? gmVdr-AmR>drÀ¶m nXmW©{dkmZemómÀ¶m nwñVH$mV doJdoJù¶m VèhoÀ¶m H$ma§Á¶m§Mo à¶moJ Ho$co OmVmV.WmoS>r’$ma ~wÕr Agcoco gd© {dÚmWu Ë¶m d¶mV emœV H$ma§Om V¶ma H$aÊ¶mÀ¶mà¶ËZmg cmJVmV. emœVVm hr {dkmZmÀ¶m ‘yc^yV {Z¶‘mZwgma Ae³¶Amho. "OmVñ¶{h Y«wdmo ‘¥Ë¶:&' Voìhm hr n¥Ïdr {Ma§VZ H$mcmn¶ªV MmcUmarAmho hr H$ënZm emór¶ Zmhr. n¥ÏdrgmaIo J«h ¶m A’$mQ> {dœmV amoO EH$¶m JVrZo Var InV AgmdoV.

e³¶ hmoB©c {VVH$m n¥ÏdrMm ~Mmd H$amdm ¶m~Ôc H$moUr dmX KmcVZmhr; nU Im§Úmda e~Z‘ AS>H$dyZ {’$aUmè¶m n¶m©daUdmXr H$m¶©H$Ë¶mªZmn¥ÏdrÀ¶m OrdZ‘aUmMr qMVm Oo.Ama.S>r. Q>mQ>m§noúmm A{YH$ Amho Ago‘mZm¶cm H$mhr H$maU {XgV Zmhr. n¥Ïdr OJdm¶Mr H$er ¶mMo n¶m©daUdmÚm§ZmH$mhr {deof kmZ Pmco Amho Agohr {XgV Zmhr. PmS>o cmdUo hm Ë¶m§MmAmdS>rMm H$m¶©H«$‘. Ë¶m‘wio nmD$g nS>Vmo, {ZgJm©Mo g§VwcZ amhVo, AgmË¶m§Mm cmS>H$m {gÕm§V; nU gd© ‘hmamï´>^a O§JcoM O§Jco AgVmZm gVVVoam df} nmD$g nS>cm Zmhr Am{U XþJm©XodrMm H$amc XþîH$mi Pmcm, ho H$go?ho Vo gm§Jy eH$V ZmhrV. gJim amOñWmZ mH«$m-ZmÝJcÀ¶m nmÊ¶mZo {hadmJmaPmcm Va ‘mÝgyZMo MH«$ Wm§~oc H$m¶? Am{U ~mH$s gmam Xoe dmid§Q> ~ZocH$m¶? ¶m e³¶Vo~Ôc Vo H$mhrM R>m‘nUo gm§Jy eH$V ZmhrV. ""n¥ÏdrMm{dZme àXÿfUmnoúmm EImÚm J«hI§S>mÀ¶m Q>H$arZo hmoÊ¶mMr e³¶Vm A{YH$Amho. Aer Q>¸$a Q>mim¶Mr Va Ë¶mH$aVm cmJUmè¶m Am¡Úmo{JH$ CËnmXZmZoàXÿfUmMo à‘mU AmUIrZM dmT>Uma ho Z¸$s.

OwZo g‘mOdmXrH$moUË¶mhr CÚmoJmMm n¶m©daUmda H$mhr Zm H$mhr A{Zï> n[aUm‘ hmoVmoM.

H$moUË¶mhr àH$ënmVrc Agco Xmof XmIdyZ Ë¶m§Zm {damoY H$aUo BVnVMn¶m©daUdmÚm§Mo kmZ. Iwë¶m ì¶dñWonoúmm g‘mOdmXr {Z¶moOZmZo {dH$mgOcX hmoVmo hm {gÕm§V ImoQ>m R>acm, OJ Iwë¶m ì¶dñWoH$S>o OmD$ cmJco


Amem ImoQ>r Amho.Jƒrdarc eoVrMo AW©H$maU{ZgJ©dmÚm§Vrc ^cr ^cr ‘mUgo eoVrÀ¶m AW©H$maUmMm àíZ Xþæ¶‘

Amho Ago XmIdÊ¶mMm à¶ËZ H$aVmV; AmnU {dkmZdmXr AmhmoV, à¶moJdmXrAmhmoV Agm Kmof Mmcy AgVmZmM "Jƒrdarc eoVr' qH$dm "AÜ¶m© Jw§R>çmVEH$m Hw$Qw>§~mMo nmofU' Agë¶m H$ënZm ‘m§S>VmZm {heo~mV hmVMcmIr H$ê$ZYmoH$m XoVmV. EH$ {nedr^a Ho$aH$Mam, Cï>o‘mï>o, eoU, Hw$Ococo nXmW© EH$ÌHo$co Va IM© H$mhrM Zmhr; nU Ë¶mVyZ Hw$Q>§w~mcm nwaVrc BVH$s Ho$ir, Am§~oCËnmXZ H$aVm ¶oVmV ¶m ¶w{º$dmXmVcr hmVMcmIr CKS> Amho. {~ZIMm©ZonmoVo^a Hw$Ococo nXmW© O‘m H$aUo ’$mago H$R>rU Zmhr; nU àË¶oH$ eoVH$è¶mZoAer 50 nmoVr O‘m H$am¶Mr åhQ>co Va ñd¶§nmH$KamVrc Cï>o‘mï>ogwÕm Xþ{‘©ihmoB©c Am{U MT>çm {H$_VrZo Vo {dH$V ¿¶mdo cmJoc. EH$m docrdaMmdZñn{Vemór¶ à¶moJ cmImo doctZm cmJy nS>Vmo; nU EH$m docrMo AW©emóAm{U 200 doctMo AW©emó ¶mV O‘rZAñ‘mZMm ’$aH$ AgVmo.

XmoZ Jw§R>o dm§JrAgmM ZOa~§XrMm Ioi {~hma‘Ü¶o H$mhr ‘§S>itZr Ho$cm. H$moaS>dmhÿ

O{‘ZrV 2 Jw§R>o dm§Jr {nH$dcr Am{U Ë¶mÀ¶m AmYmamZo EH$ar gmS>oVrZ cmIén¶o ’$m¶Xm hmoD$ eH$Vmo Agm Xmdm ‘m§S>cm. {ZgJ©eoVrMo à¶moJ H$aVmZmAW©emómÀ¶m {Z¶‘mVyZ AmnU gwQy>Z OmUma AmhmoV Aer H$ënZm H$moUmhr{ZgJ© eoVH$è¶mZo R>ody Z¶o.

EdT>o gJio gm§{JVë¶mZ§Va Varhr AmVm ‘r åhUoZ H$s, Vrg dfmªnyduamgm¶{ZH$ eoVrcm n¶m©¶ ZìhVm. amgm¶{ZH$ eoVrZo OhmO Vo aoeZ XþH$mZ hrn[apñWVr g§ndcr. AmVm H$mhr ’w$agV {‘imcr Amho, Cg§V {‘imcr Amho,g§H$Q> Q>ico Amho, AmVm H$mhr Zdm ‘mJ© emoYÊ¶mÀ¶m H$m‘mg cmJconm{hOo.

gå¶H$ nmVirda {ZgJ©eoVrñdmV§Í¶mZ§Va A{YH$ YmÝ¶ {nH$dm ‘mohr‘ hmVr KoVcr Jocr. YmÝ¶ Va

A{YH$ {nH$dm¶Mo, nU Ë¶mM~amo~a eoVH$è¶m§Mr cyQ>hr H$am¶Mr, eoVrV^m§S>dc {Z{‘©Vr hmoUma Zmhr Aer ì¶dñWm am~dm¶Mr ho gaH$mar YmoaUA‘cmV AmUÊ¶mH$[aVm nS>rH$ O‘rZ cmJdS>rImcr AmUÊ¶mMr ‘mohr‘hmVr KoÊ¶mV Amcr. Ë¶m H$mimV O{‘ZrMm {Vgam ^mJ Var nmirnmirZo

gmdY am{hco nm{hOo; nU ‘J eoVH$è¶m§Zr ‘mJ© ¿¶mdm H$moUVm? ¶m àíZmH$S>odiÊ¶mAmYr EH$ ‘hÎdmMm ‘wÔm ‘m§S>Uo Amdí¶H$ Amho. {ZgJ©eoVrH$S>odicoë¶m gJù¶m eoVH$è¶m§Mm AZw^d EH$gmaIm Amho. agm¶Zm§‘wio Ë¶m§MoCËnmXZ KQ>V Mmcco hmoVo, O{‘ZrMm H$g CVaV hmoVm ¶mMr OmUrd Ë¶m§Zm{ZgJ©eoVrMr gwédmV Ho$ë¶mZ§Va Pmcr. amgm¶{ZH$ eoVr H$aV AgVmZm hreoVr Am{W©H$ÑîQ>çm nadS>V Zmhr ho Ë¶m§Zm gJù¶m§Zm C‘Oco hmoVo Am{U ¶mOm{UdoVyZM Ë¶m§Zr n[adV©Z KS>dyZ AmUÊ¶mMr YS>nS> gwê$ Ho$cr. eoVrVrcKmQ>çmMo H$maU amgm¶{ZH$ V§ÌkmZ hmoVo H$m¶? S>§Ho$c àñVmd Am{U J°Q>H$ama ¶m§À¶mg§~§YmV qhXþñWmZ gaH$maZo Oo XñVmdoO {O{ZìhmV gmXa Ho$coË¶mdê$Z AmVm EH$ Jmoï> ñnï> Pmcr, H$s qhXþñWmZmVrc eoVH$è¶m§da gaH$maZoOmUrdnyd©H$ {H$‘mZ 69 Q>³³¶m§Mr (-) CUo g~{gS>r cmXcocr hmoVr. emœVeoVrMm CX²Kmof H$aUmè¶m§Zr, eoVràíZmVrc gd© H$mhr AmnUmcm g‘Oco,C‘Oco Amho Agm S>m¡c {‘adUmè¶m cmoH$m§Zr gaH$maÀ¶m ¶m YmoaUm{df¶rAmnco Vm|S> H$Yr H$m CKS>co Zmhr? ¶mMm O~m~ XoUo Amdí¶H$ Amho.eoVH$è¶m§À¶m H$ë¶mUmMm Amd AmUyZ nwT>o ¶oUmè¶m gJù¶m {dÛmZm§Zm,emókm§Zm, nwT>mè¶m§Zm, H$m¶©H$Ë¶mªZm eoVH$è¶m§Zr IS>gmdyZ {dMmaco nm{hOo,"gaH$ma R>adyZ gdê$Z 70 Q>³³¶m§Zr AmOn¶ªV Amåhmcm cwQ>V Amco ¶m{df¶rVwåhr EH$ dm³¶ ~moccm Zmhr, eoVH$è¶m§Zm g~{gS>rMm ‘moR>m ’$m¶Xm {‘iVmo,Ë¶m§À¶m {‘iH$Vrda H$aXoIrc Zmhr ~Km hmo! Aer Am‘À¶m Xm[aÐçmÀ¶mXþ:Imda S>mJÊ¶m XoUmar ^mfm Mm¡’o$a ~moccr OmV AgVmZm Vwåhr {VMma{V‘mÌ {damoY Ho$cm Zmhr, H$m Vo gm§Jm? AÝ¶Wm, Vw‘À¶m AmVS>çmVeoVH$è¶m§{df¶r {Vi‘mÌ H$Ud, H$iH$i Amho ¶mda Am‘Mm {dœmg ~gyMeH$V Zmhr, Ago IS>gmdyZ gm§{JVco nm{hOo.

S>§Ho$cda ghr Pmcr; nU åhUOo eoVH$è¶m§À¶m cwQ>rMo YmoaU gaH$magmoSy>Z XoUma Amho Ago A{O~mV Zmhr. eoVH$è¶m§Zr ~mOmamV {Z{dð>mIarXÊ¶mEodOr Am{U ~mOmamV ‘mc {dH$Ê¶mEodOr ñdmdc§~r Am{U ñd¶§^y{ZgJ©eoVr Ho$cr åhUOo eoVH$è¶mMr cyQ> AmnmoAmn Wm§~oc hr H$ënZmhrMwH$sMr Amho. ^maVr¶ g§{dYmZmV 9 do n[a{eï> KmcyZ ñdV:À¶m O{‘ZrÀ¶m~MmdmgmR>r eoVH$è¶m§Zm Ý¶m`mc¶mMr nm¶ar MT>Ê¶mMr ‘w^m Z R>odUmaogaH$ma {ZgJ©eoVH$è¶mÀ¶m eoVmda CVê$Z ‘mc CMcyZ KoD$Z OmÊ¶mgH$Maoc Aem ^moù¶m^m~S>çm AmeoZo Z¡g{J©H$ eoVrH$S>o diV Agmc Va Vr


Am{U Ë¶m§Mm dmna hoM Cƒ V§ÌkmZ Ago ^mgdVrc. eoVH$è¶m§Zr gmdYam{hco nm{hOo. J§S>mXmoao {dH$Umao ‘m§{ÌH$, Vm§{ÌH$, Y‘©dmXr, g‘mOdmXr,n¶m©daUdmXr eoVH$è¶mcm KoaVrc. Hw$Ur Ë¶mcm gw~m^wirMo ~r {dHo$c,Hw$Ur Jm§Sw>io. ¶m gJù¶m§nmgyZ Xÿa amhÿZ eoVH$è¶m§Zr {dkmZeoVr H$aÊ¶mMrJaO Amho. {dkmZeoVr {ZgJ©eoVr Agoc qH$dm Zgochr; AmJ«h ~wÕr,AZw^d Am{U VH©$ ¶m§À¶m dmnamMm nm{hOo. agm¶Zm§Mm AmJ«h ZH$mo Jmo‘yÌmMmhrZH$mo.

{dkmZ H$moUm ì¶³Vrg à‘mU ‘mZV Zmhr, H$moUm J«§Wmghr à‘mU ‘mZVZmhr; H$moUm EH$m {dMmaàUmcrcmhr {dkmZ gXmgd©H$mi à‘mU ‘mZV Zmhr.gH$c B§{Ð¶m§Mm OmJê$H$VoZo dmna H$ê$Z ^modVmcMo OJ H$mcÀ¶mnoúmm AmOA{YH$ g‘OyZ ¿¶mdo; H$UmH$UmZo Am{U úmUmúmUmZo kmZmMo H$U n[al‘nyd©H$doMmdo Am{U Varhr Amnë¶m {ZîH$fmª~Ôc e§H$m ~miJmdr {dkmZmMr àH¥$VrAmho. nwamdm WmoS>m, lÕm ‘mÌ ‘moR>çm XmQ> hm Y‘©dmÚm§Mm ñd^md. {ZgJ©eoVrÀ¶m^º$m§Zr {dZmAmYma lÕm OmonmgÊ¶mMm ‘moh Q>micm nm{hOo. {dkmZ{Zð>oVAmUIr EH$ ‘hÎdmMm ‘wÔm Amho. kmZ ho nwT>o OmUmao AgVo. ‘Zwî¶mMr àJVrhmoV Amho. ^yVH$mimV ‘mJo OmD$Z àJVr hmoV Zmhr. agm¶Zm§Zr PQ>H$m {XcmåhUyZ nwÝhm EH$Xm IVmÀ¶m IS²>S>çmV OmD$Z ~gco ¶mV ehmUnU Zmhr.

g§{MV AZw^dm§Mr "grVmeoVr'OJ^aÀ¶m {dkmZmÀ¶m A’$mQ> àJVrV ^maVr¶ eoVH$è¶mMm nm¶> {Q>Ho$c

H$m¶? "Zohê$ ì¶dñWo'V g§emoYZmÀ¶m Mmoarcm à{Vð>m Amcr, naXoer nwñVH$ZH$cUmao emók R>aco. {Z¶moOZ ì¶dñWoV Am‘ OZVoMm àJV V§ÌkmZmerg§nH©$ {dÚmnrR>mVrc {dÛmZ Am{U n§{S>V ¶m§À¶m ‘mÜ¶‘mVyZM e³¶ hmoVmo.BVH$s df} gaH$ma R>adoc VodT>rM naXoer g§emoYZmMr ’$io cmoH$m§n¶ªVnmoMÊ¶mMr ‘w^m. Iwë¶m ì¶dñWoV AmVm emór¶ àJVr VwH$mam‘ ½¶mZ~mÀ¶mS>moù¶m§¶ªV ¶oUma Amho. nm{ü‘mË¶ nÕVrÀ¶m g§emoYZmMr Ë¶mMr AOyZhrAm¡H$mV V¶ma ìhm¶Mr Amho.

nU {nT>çmZ²{nT>çm§À¶m g§{MV AZw^dm§Mm Ë¶mcm ‘moR>m AmYma Amho.JmdmoJmd, KamoKar {H$VrVar AZw^dm§À¶m Jmoïr gm§{JVë¶m OmVmV. P|Sy>Mr’w$co cmdë¶mZo {‘aMrda amoJ nS>V Zmhr. Vm§~S>m amO{Jam noacm Va cìhmimhQ>Vmo, Agm g§emoYZmMm H$ƒm ‘mc Am‘À¶mH$S>o CX§S> Amho. ¶m gmè¶mg‘OwVr à¶moJmZo VnmgyZ nmhmì¶m cmJVrc. à¶moJercVoVyZ eoVrMo Zdo

nS>rH$ R>odÊ¶mMr nÕV hmoVr, Vr g§ncr. O¡{dH$ IVm§gmR>r O{‘ZrMm EH$‘moR>m ^mJ amIyZ R>odcm OmV Ago, Vr nÕV ~§X H$ê$Z Ë¶mhr dmdam§V eoVrH$am¶Mr Agoc Va ~mhoê$Z amgm¶{ZH$ IVo AmUyZ Q>mH$Ê¶mIoarO H$mhrn¶m©¶M ZìhVm. ì¶mnH$ à‘mUmda {ZgJ©eoVrH$S>o dim¶Mo Agoc Va AmOÀ¶meoVO{‘Zrn¡H$s {Vgam ^mJ dZo, Hw$aUo ¶m§À¶m dmT>rgmR>r Zm§JamImcyZ H$mTy>Z¿¶mdm cmJoc. Ë¶mMo Am{W©H$ n[aUm‘ H$m¶ hmoVrc, eoVrÀ¶m ñVamda H$m¶hmoVrc Am{U XoemÀ¶m ñVamda H$m¶ hmoVrc ¶mMm Aä¶mg Pmcm nm{hOo.

’$i~mJm§À¶m eoVrV PmS>m§À¶m ‘Yë¶m OmJoV CJdUmè¶m nmcmnmMmoù¶mZo’$iPmS>m§Mr IVm§Mr nwîH$ier JaO ^mJyZ OmVo. YmÝ¶o, H$S>YmÝ¶o ¶m§À¶meoVrV Aer H$mhr e³¶Vm Zmhr. ‘J O¡{dH$ eoVrH$S>o dmQ>Mmc H$aVmZmAÞYmÝ¶ Am{U H$S>YmÝ¶ ¶m§À¶m CËnmXZmH$S>o ~è¶mM A§er nmR> {’$adUoAn[ahm¶© hmoB©c. hm ‘wÔmhr Ñï>rAmS> hmoVm H$m‘m Z¶o.

gÜ¶mMr gd© O¡{dH$ CËnmXZo ‘c‘yÌmXr CËgO©Zo nyU©nUo dmnacr Var ZÌd ñ’w$aXmÀ¶m Amdí¶H$VoMr 20 Q>¸o$hr nyVu g§^d Zmhr Ago H$mhr VÁkåhUVmV.

CËnmXH$VoMr haVr e¶©Vamgm¶{ZH$ eoVrVrc CËnmXZmBVHo$M CËnmXZ Z¡g{J©H$ eoVrV hmoVo Ago

‘cm AZoH$m§Zr AmJ«hnyd©H$ gm§{JVco Amho. ’$maem Vn{ecmV Z OmVm hm‘wÔm ‘mÝ¶ H$aÊ¶mg ‘r V¶ma Amho; nU Z¡g{J©H$ eoVrVrc H$mhr A{VaoH$s,g§H$[aV dmUmMo {~¶mUogwÕm ñdrH$maÊ¶mg V¶ma hmoV Zmhr. O¡{dH$A{^¶m§{ÌH$sÀ¶m Zì¶m ¶wJmV V¶ma hmoUmè¶m ZdrZ dmUm§À¶m ~m~VrV AerñnYm© H$aUo {ZgJ©eoVH$è¶m§Zm e³¶ hmoUma Zmhr. CËnmXZmV nmM-nmM,Xhm-Xhm nQ>rMm ’$aH$ nSy> cmJcm. Ë¶m~amo~a Zo‘H$m nm{hOo Ë¶m JwUdÎmoMm‘mc O¡{dH$ A{^¶m§{ÌH$rZo V¶ma H$aVm ¶oD$ cmJcm Va Z¡g{J©H$ eoVrg~mOmamV {Q>H$md YaUo XþîH$a hmoB©c.

{dkmZmMm n¶m©¶AÞYmÝ¶mÀ¶m ñdmdc§~ZmZo H$mhrer ’w$agV {‘imcr Amho. agm¶Zm§da

‘¶m©Xo~mhoa {Z^©a amhÊ¶mMo H$Qy n[aUm‘ g‘Oco AmhoV. eoVH$è¶m§Zm cwQ>Umar"Zohê$ ì¶dñWm' g§nÊ¶mMr {MÝho {XgV AmhoV. Aem n[apñWVrV EH$m Zì¶meoVr V§ÌkmZmMr Amdí¶H$Vm Amho. Zdo V§ÌkmZ {dÚmnrR>mVyZ ¶oÊ¶mMre³¶Vm Zmhr. ‘moR>‘moR>çm H§$nÝ¶m Ë¶m§Mr CËnmXZo IndÊ¶mMm à¶ËZ H$aVrc


am{hcr. cwQ>mê$ Amco, amOo‘hmamOo Amco, gmdH$ma, O‘rZXma Amco, JmoaoB§J«O Amco, H$mio B§J«O Amco, eoVrMr cyQ> Mmcy am{hcr. eoVrÀ¶m cwQ>rMo¶wJ g§nV Amco Amho. ‘m°ñH$moMm nmS>md Pmcm Amho. Zohê$dmX {‘Q>cm Amho.OJ^a ì¶{º$JV Am{W©H$ àoaUm§Mo ‘hÎd ‘mZco OmV Amho.

gd©gm‘mÝ¶m§Zm H$mhr g‘OV Zmhr; Amåhr XwÉ>mMm¶© gm§Jy Ë¶mà‘mUoË¶m§Zr H$amdo; Ë¶mVM Ë¶m§Mo H$ë¶mU Amho Ago CX²²>KmofUmè¶m "ào{fVm§'Mmnam^d Pmcm Amho. {Z¶moOZ ‘§S>imV Zmhr, ~mOmaonoR>oVM gdm}Îm‘ {ZU©¶hmoVmV. N>moQ>r N>moQ>r ‘mUgo Amnmnë¶m H$ÀÀ¶m~ÀÀ¶m§À¶mH$[aVm YS>nS>H$aVm H$aVm gmè¶m OJmMo H$ë¶mU gmYVmV. ~«÷mMo {hV Am{U qnS>mMo {hVEH$M Amho, Ë¶m§V V’$mdV Zmhr ¶m AÛ¡VmMm {dO¶ hmoVmo Amho.

qhXþñWmZmVhr EH$ Zdm eoVH$ar CX¶mcm ¶oVmo Amho. eoVr hr Ë¶mMrOrdZe¡cr Zmhr; Ë¶mMm ì¶dgm¶ Amho. Vmo Ho$di eoVH$ar Zmhr; ì¶mnmarhrZmhr; Vmo gdm©Wm©Zo CÚmoOH$ Amho. S>moio gVmS> CKS>o R>odyZ Vmo AmncrCÚmoOH$Vm JmOdUma Amho. amgm¶{ZH$ eoVrMo Ë¶mcm ào‘ Zmhr. {VcmKm~ê$Z Y‘©dmXr, g‘mOdmXr, n¶m©daUdmXr Am{U BVa hm¡go Jdgo Zdgo¶m§À¶m H$ÀN>{ncm Vmo OmUma Zmhr. Ë¶mMm emoY {dkmZmMm Agoc, Ë¶mMo{ZîH$f© à¶moJmZo R>aVrc. CÚmoOH$ eoVH$è¶mMr eoVr {dkmZeoVr Agoc.OJ^a {dkmZ, {deofV: O¡{dH$emóo "hZw‘mZ Ponm'KoV C§MmdV Amho. CÚmoOH$eoVH$è¶mMm AmYma ho {dkmZ Amho. {ZgJ©eoVr, O¡{dH$ eoVr, n¶m©daU eoVrBË¶mXr BË¶mXr nÕVr {dkmZ ñdrH$maVrc Am{U AW©H$maU ‘mZVrc {VV³¶mMà‘mUmV CÚmÀ¶m CÚmoOH$ eoVH$è¶mcm ‘mÝ¶ hmoVrc AÝ¶Wm Zmhr.

(eoVH$ar g§KQ>H$, 21 E{àc 1994)

{dkmZ Am{U V§ÌkmZ {ZKUma Amho; A§YlÕoH$S>o OmD$Z Zmhr.^{dî¶ ‘mJo Zmhr, nwT>o AmhoeoVr V§ÌkmZmMr nwT>rc {Xem H$er Agoc? ‘r EH$ {dkmZH$Wm§Vë¶m

à‘mUo ñdßZaå¶ H$ënZm ‘m§S>Vmo. Ë¶mZo H$ënZm ñnï> hmoB©c. agm¶Zm§MmO{‘Zrda, n¶m©daUmda {dnarV n[aUm‘ hmoVmo Vmo Ag§Vw{cV Am{U dmao‘mndmnamZo. PmS>m§Zm JaO AgVo EH$ H$UmMr, AmnU ’$dmaVmo Xhm ‘U. Xmofagm¶Zm§Mm Zmhr, A{VaoH$s dmnamMm Amho. dmao‘mn dmna hmoVmo, H$maUPmS>mMr Zo‘H$s JaO H$m¶ ho Amåhmcm g‘OV Zmhr. AdH$me g§emoYZmZoAmO ho V§ÌkmZ ‘mUgmcm CncãY hmoVo Amho. PmS>mcm Zo‘H$s nmofH$ Ðì¶oH$moUVr hdr, Am¡fYm§Mm S>mog {H$Vr hdm ¶mMo AMyH$ ‘moO‘mn JUH$¶§Ìmda{‘imco Va agm¶Zm§Mr nwîH$ier ZmgYyg CYinÅ>r Wm§~oc Am{U amgm¶{ZH$eoVrMo ^¶mZH$ n[aUm‘ nwîH$igo gwgø hmoVrc.

¶m ncrH$S>o OmD$Z dZñnVtZm nmofH$Ðì¶o Am{U Am¡fYo Zo‘³¶m Am{U‘moO³¶m à‘mUmV XoÊ¶mMr H$mhr ¶wº$s gmnS>cr Va ‘mPr ImÌr Amho, ¶oË¶mn§Yam-drg dfmªV EH$m H$mir eoVH$ar PmS>m§da Am¡fYm§Mm ’$dmam ‘mê$Z PmS>oÝhmD$Z H$mT>V hmoVm ¶m H$ënZoZo cmoH$m§Zm hgy ¶oB©c. ‘mUgmcm Jmoù¶m§Zr,gwB© Q>moMyZ qH$dm {eaodmQ>o gd© nXmW© nmoMdVm ¶oVmV Ver H$mhr ¶wº$rdZñnVtÀ¶m ~m~VrV emoYcr Jocr Va H$Xm{MV EH$m JmdmV dmnaë¶mOmUmè¶m agm¶Zm§da gd© XoemMr eoVr hmoD$ eHo$c. agm¶Zm§À¶m ^¶mZH$n[aUm‘m§da VmoS> Aem d¡km{ZH$ àJVrZo {ZKoc, OwÝ¶m H$mimV naV OmD$ZZmhr.

agm¶Zm§Mm Ag§Vw{cV d A{VaoH$s dmna hm O{‘ZrH$[aVm {dZmeH$maH$,eoVH$è¶mcm VmoQ>m XoUmam Am{U J«mhH$mcmhr A{Zï> hr Jmoï> Iar; nU ¶mMmAW© eoVH$è¶m§Zr ñd¶§^y qH$dm ñdmdc§~r IoS>çm§‘Ü¶o {~Jaì¶mnmar eoVrH$S>odim¶Mo Amho, Ago Zmhr.

B{VhmgmÀ¶m {ZUm©¶H$ nm¶arda eoVH$arVrZ hOma dfmªnydu eoVrMm emoY cmJcm; eoVH$è¶m§À¶m Iù¶mda YmÝ¶mMr

amg O‘y cmJcr; nmoQ>mnmÊ¶mÀ¶m X§S>~oS>çm§VyZ ‘Zwî¶àmÊ¶mMr gwQ>H$m hmoB©cAm{U Amnë¶m ì¶{º$‘ÎdmMm {dH$mg H$aÊ¶mgmR>r, "ñdmV§Í¶mÀ¶m H$úmm'{dñVmaÊ¶mgmR>r Vmo ‘moH$im hmoB©c Aer Aem dmQ>V hmoVr, Vr Amem ImoQ>rR>acr. eoVrVrc daH$S> CËnÞmMr cyQ> Mmcy Pmcr Vr AmOVmJm¶V Mmcy


{‘imcr AgVr. ^mH$S> OZmdao gm§^miÊ¶mMo EH$ àM§S> ImVoM V¶ma PmcoAgVo; nU Agm {dMma H$aÊ¶mMr {damoYH$m§Zm Zm Hw$dV, Zm ’w$agV!

X{cV MidirVrc EH$ H$m¶©H$V} ‘mÂ¶mer MMm© H$aÊ¶mgmR>r AmcohmoVo. ¶m {dYo¶H$mcm {damoY H$aÊ¶mgmR>r ‘wpñc‘-X{cV g§¶wº$ AmKmS>rC^r H$aÊ¶mMm à¶ËZ hmoVmo Amho Am{U Jm¶tMo g§aúmU hm gagH$Q> gJù¶mqhXy g‘mOmMm H$iH$irMm {df¶ Zmhr ho ñnï> H$aÊ¶mMm à¶ËZ hmoUma Amho.am‘ Am{U e§~yH$mMr AmUIr EH$ cT>mB© ¶m {df¶mda hmoD$ eH$Vo.

{edgoZm-^mOnmÀ¶m H$m¶Úmcm {damoY H$am¶Mm ho R>aco; nU Ë¶mgmR>r¶w{³VdmX H$m¶ H$amdm? ¶m~m~V ‘mÌ gÝ‘mZZr¶ X{cV H$m¶©H$Ë¶mªÀ¶m ‘ZmV‘moR>m Jm|Yi {Xgcm. Eadr ‘m§J, ‘hma, T>moa Mm§ ma BË¶mXr OmVtZm Jmdd{hdmQ>rZoË¶m§À¶mda cmXcocr ~cwVoXmarMr H$m‘o ZmH$maÊ¶mMo AmdmhZ H$aUmar X{cVZoVo ‘§S>ir AmVm EH$X‘ Vm|S> {’$adyZ CcQ>o ~mocy cmJcr AmhoV. ‘hmamï´>emgZmÀ¶m H$m¶Úm‘wio X{cVm§À¶m d§ena§naoZo MmcV Amcoë¶m nmoQ>mnmÊ¶mÀ¶mì¶dgm¶mda JXm ¶oB©c d ^maVr¶ g§{dYmZmV {Xcoë¶m ‘yc^yV h¸$m§À¶m ho{damoYmV Amho Aer H$mhrer doS>Ji ‘m§S>Ur ZoVo H$arV hmoVo. ì¶dgm¶-ñdmV§Í`mMm ‘yc^yV h¸$ hm {ZIi {dZmndmX Zmhr. KQ>ZoZo ¶m{df¶r H$mhrAndmXhr R>adco AmhoV ¶mMr Ë¶m§Zm ‘m{hVr {Xgcr Zmhr. Am{XdmgtÀ¶m‘mJmgconUm{df¶r Aly T>mimdoV Am{U EImÚm àH$ënmV Ë¶m§Mo nwZd©gZH$aÊ¶mMr Amdí¶H$Vm nS>cr Va Am{XdmgtÀ¶m "{ZgJ©aå¶' OrdZmMm A§VhmoV Agë¶m~ÔcXoIrc ZH«$mly T>mimdoV, VgmM hm àH$ma.

X{cV ZoË¶m§Zr AmUIr EH$ AO~ ¶w{º$dmX ‘m§S>cm. Jmo‘m§g ^úmU ’$º$‘wgc‘mZM H$aVmV Ago Zìho, ‘mJmgcoë¶m O‘mVrVrc AZoH$ Jmo‘m§g ^úmUH$aVmV. Ë¶m§À¶m na§namJV OodUmÀ¶m gd¶rda ¶m H$m¶ÚmZo AmKmV hmoVAmho Agmhr AmH«$moe ZoË¶m§Zr Ho$cm. ¶m H$m`ÚmZo Jmod§emÀ¶m ‘m§gmÀ¶m^úmUmda ~§Xr KmVcocr Zmhr. Á¶m§Mo Ë¶mIoarO MmcyM eH$V Zgoc Ë¶mcmoH$m§Zm Jmo‘m§gmMr Am¶mV eoOmaÀ¶m amÁ¶mVyZ H$aÊ¶mg AmOVar H$moUVrhr~§Xr Zmhr. ^maVmV AmO Jmo‘m§gmMm ^md gJù¶mV ñdñV Amho, Vo EH$X‘‘hmJ hmoB©c ho Iao; nU ^moOZñdmV§Í¶mda {Z~ªY Amco Agm KQ>ZmË‘H$ ‘wÔmH$mT>Uo hmñ¶mñnX Amho.

JmodY~§XrgmR>r AZoH$ df} AZoH$m§Mo à¶ËZ Mmcy AmhoV. Jm¶rÀ¶m dYmda¶mnyduhr ~§Xr hmoVr. AmVm diy, ~¡c, Jmoèho ¶m§À¶m dYmdahr ~§Xr ¶oV Amho

Voam$

Jmod§e hË¶m~§Xr Zìho? "Jmo'nmc hË¶m

Jmod§e hË¶m~§Xr H$m¶Úmg§~§YrMo {~c {dYmZg^oV ‘m§S>Ê¶mV Amco.Ë¶mcm H$mhr {damoYH$m§Zr H$mhr XþéñË¶m gwM{dë¶m, {~c ‘mJo KoÊ¶mV Amco;nU ~hmÎma Vmgm§À¶m AmV gd© {Z¶‘m§Mm AndmX H$ê$Z Vo nwÝhm {dYmZg^og‘moaR>odÊ¶mV Amco. EdT>oM Zìho Va {Û^m¶m© à{V~§YH$ H$m¶Úm~amo~a KmB©KmB©Zog§‘Vhr H$aÊ¶mV Amco.

~hþnpËZH$ËdmMr Mmc qH$dm g‘mZ ZmJar H$m¶Xm ho {deofV: {ó¶m§À¶mÑï>rZo ‘hÎdmMo {df¶; nU Jm¶, ~¡c, Jmoèho ¶m§À¶m hË¶ocm ~§Xr H$aUmamH$m¶Xm hm Ho$di eoVH$è¶m§À¶mM Zìho Va gd© XoemÀ¶mM AW©ì¶dñWoÀ¶mÑï>rZo ‘hÎdmMm Amho. åhUyZ Ë¶m{df¶r WmoS>o Vn{ecmV OmD$Z {dMma H$aUoAmdí¶H$ Amho.

VWmH${WV "qhXy' dmXim‘wio {edgoZm-^mOnm ¶wVr gaH$maÀ¶m {damoYH$m§Mr‘moR>r ÌoYm CS>mcr Amho. "qhXy' ‘Zmcm JwXJwë¶m H$ê$Z PwUH$m-^mH$a Am{UñdñV Kao Agcm Y‘m©Xm¶ Am{W©H$ H$m¶©H«$‘. ¶m‘wio, {damoYH$m§Zm H$m¶¶w{º$dmX H$amdm VoM g‘OoZmgo Pmco Amho. OZmdam§À`m g§aúmUmH$[aVm‘m§S>coë¶m {dYo¶H$mÀ`m gd© {damoYH$m§Zr {‘iyZ XþéñVr gwM{dcr. {damoYH$m§À¶mgyMZoZwgma, EImXr Jm¶-~¡c XþYmgmR>r, n¡XmergmR>r, AmoÂ¶mgmR>r qH$dmeoVr‘mcmgmR>r Cn¶moJr amhcr Zmhr Va ‘mcH$mZo {Oëhm{YH$mè¶m§H$S>o VoOZmda ~mOma^mdmZo {dH$V KoÊ¶mgmR>r AO© H$amdm. {Oëhm{YH$mè¶m§Zr AOm©À¶mVmaIonmgyZ EH$ ‘{hÝ¶mÀ¶m AmV ‘mo~Xcm Úmdm Aer Ë¶m§Mr AOmJigyMZm hmoVr. åhUOo, WmoS>çM {Xdgm§V {Oëhm{YH$mè¶m§Mo à‘wI H$m‘ ^mH$S>Jm`r~¡c {dH$V KoUo Am{U Ë¶m§Zm gm§^miV ~gUo ho Pmco AgVo. ¶mAgë¶m H$m¶©H«$‘mV n¡go ImÊ¶mMr àM§S> g§Yr {Oëhm{YH$mar ì¶dñWmnZmg


dmQ> nmhV nS>coco hmoVo.Jmod§emMo g§aúmU åhQ>co H$s Ho$di H$gmB©-H$Îmcrda ~§Xr Zmhr.

H$gmB©~§XrMm Cn¶moJ H$moUm O‘mVrcm {IOdÊ¶mgmR>r hmoV Agoc; nUË¶m‘wio Jm¶tZm ‘maÊ¶mMo Wm§~Uma Zmhr. H$m¶ÚmZo ~§Xr KmcyZ AmOn¶ªVH$moUVrM gwYmaUm Pmë¶mMm XmIcm Zmhr. 18 dfmªImcrc ‘wctMr c¾ogam©g hmoVmV. Zd{dYdm gVr OmV Agë¶mÀ¶m ~mVå¶m AOyZhr ¶oVmV.Xmê$~§Xr nmo{cg ImË¶mcmM g§ndyZ Jocr Am{U A’y$-Jm§Omdarc ~§XrVyZ~m~m-‘hmamOm§Mo Aml‘ Am{U I{cñVmZgma»¶m {d^mOZdmXr Midir{ZKmë¶m. ZdrZ H$m¶ÚmZo Jmod§emMo g§aúmU hmoUma Aer H$m¶Xm H$aUmè¶m§MrhrH$ënZm Zgmdr. ‘wgc‘mZm§À¶m ZmH$mda {Q>ƒyZ H$m¶Xm Ho$cm EdT>oM g‘mYmZË¶m§Zm nm{hOo Agoc Va Ë¶m§Zm Vo ZmH$maVm ¶oUma Zmhr.

Jmog§aúmH$m§Mr {dMmanÕVr qH$dm {ZXmZ àMmaàUmcr H$mhrer {d{MÌAmho. Jm¶rMm {df¶ {ZKmcm H$s Vo H$mì¶‘¶ ^mfoV ~mocy cmJVmV. Jm¶‘mVm Amho, Jmod§emÀ¶m AY:nVZm‘wio XoemMm AY:nmV Pmcm, "Jm¶ ‘ar Vmo~Mm H$m¡Z?' Ago ‘moR>çm {Zð>oZo Vo ‘m§S>VmV. ^maVr¶ Jm¶rV H$mhr AX²^wVJwU AmhoV. {VÀ¶m œmgmoÀN²>dmgmVyZ àmUdm¶y ~mhoa nS>Vmo. {VÀ¶m eoUmVAm{U ‘wVmV H$mhr {dcúmU nmofH$, H$sQ>H$ZmeH$, Amamo½¶Xm¶H$, AmË‘g§dY©H$JwU AmhoV Ago Vo {dkmZmVrc AY}H$ƒo g§X^© XoD$Z gm§Jy nmhVmV. IVåhUyZgwÕm Jm¶rÀ¶m eoU‘wVmMr ‘mV~ar BVa H$moUË¶mhr OZmdamÀ¶mCËgO©Zmnoúmm OmñV Amho Ago AmJ«hmZo gm§JVmV. Jm¶ Am{U ~¡c ¶m§MoeoVrcm ‘hÎd {H$Vr àM§S> Amho Am{U JmoaúmU d Jmog§dY©Z EdT>çm EH$MH$c‘r H$m¶©H«$‘mZo Xoe gwIr Am{U g‘¥Õ hmoUmMr Vo ImÌr gm§JVmV.

~è¶mM dfmªnydu amYmH¥$îUOr ~OmO ¶m {df¶mda MM}gmR>r ‘cm ^oQ>cohmoVo. Ë¶m§Mo gJio d¡km{ZH$-AW©emór¶ {ddoMZ EoH$ë¶mZ§Va ‘r Ë¶m§ZmàíZ Ho$cm, "amYmH¥$îUOr, Vwåhr qhXy åhUyZ OÝ‘cm ZgVm Va ¶m H$m‘mMmàMma BV³¶m {hararZo Ho$cm AgVmo H$m?' ~mH$s H$mhr Agmo, ‘mUyg àm‘m{UH$.Ë¶m§Zr H$~yc Ho$co H$s OÝ‘mZo {‘imcoë¶m gdU© gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmaemMmË¶m§À¶mda ‘moR>m à^md Amho.

nm±{S>Mar ¶oWrc AaqdX Aml‘m‘Ü¶o Z¡g{J©H$ eoVrMm ‘moR>m ì¶mnH$à¶moJ Mmccm Amho. Ë¶mMr nmhUr H$aV AgVmZm VoWrc à‘wIm§À¶m Vm|S>rJm¶rMo eoU, Jm¶rMo ‘yV ho eãX dma§dma ¶oD$ cmJco; Voìhm Ë¶m§Zmhr ‘r

EdT>mM H$m¶ Vmo ’$aH$. nydu OZg§KmZo ¶m {df¶mda {X„r amOYmZrV ‘moR>mYw‘mHy$i KmVcm hmoVm. ~OmO n[admamÀ¶m AmJ«hmnmoQ>r nyÁ¶ {dZmo~mOtZrhrJmodY~§XrgmR>r àmUm§{VH$ CnmofU ‘m§S>co hmoVo. JmodYmg§~§Yr ~mocVmZm ~§XrH$m¶ÚmÀ¶m nwañH$Ë¶mªÀ¶m ‘ZmV àm‘w»¶mZo XodZmagma»¶m H$ÎmcImÝ¶mVqH$dm BVaÌ H$gm¶mÀ¶m gwarZo hmoUmè¶m H$ÎmcrMoM {MÌ AgVo. H$ÎmcImÝ¶mVrcH$gm¶mÀ¶m gwarnmgyZ Jmod§e dmMdcm H$s qOH$cmo Agm Ë¶m§Mm {dMmaAgVmo.

Jm¶rMo aúmU åhQ>co H$s Ë¶m§À¶m ZOaog‘moa EH$ dqeS>mMr "YoZy' qH$dm"Z§Xr'Jm¶M AgVo. ¶wamon‘Ü¶o, ^maVr¶m§Zm n[a{MV d nyÁ¶ Agcoë¶m EH$dqeS>mÀ¶m ¶m JmB©cm"Po~y' qH$dm "~«m÷U Jm¶' Ago åhUVmV. ^maVmVAm{U {deofV: ‘hmamîQ´>mV AmVm g§H$[aV Jm¶tMo à‘mU PnmQ>çmZo dmT>VoAmho. Jmod§emMo g§aúmU H$aÊ¶mgmR>r gagmdcoë¶m§À¶m ‘ZmV gnmQ nmR>rMr,{~ZdqeS>mMr hmoëñQ>rZ {’«$PZ qH$dm Ogu g§H$[aV Jm¶ Ë¶m d§emV ‘moS>VoqH$dm Zmhr H$moUmg R>mD$H$! nU Jm¶ ‘mVm ‘mZcr Va g§H$[aV Jm¶ {ZXmZ‘mder ‘mZUo ¶mo½¶ hmoB©c. ‘hmamï´> emgZmÀ¶m H$m¶ÚmV ZwgVo Jm¶ qH$dm~¡c åhQ>co Amho; g§H$[aV Jm¶tMm H$mhr AndmX Ho$cocm Zmhr. JmoaúmH$m§MrBÀN>m Z§Xr Jm¶tMo Am{U Ë¶m~amo~aM g§H$[aV Jm¶tMohr g§aúmU H$aÊ¶mMrAgmdr.

ì¶dhmamV n[apñWVr Aer Amho H$s H$ÎmcImÝ¶m§noúmm eoVH$è¶m§À¶mMKar A{YH$ Jmod§emMm CÀN>oX hmoVmo. EH$m ¶eñdr XÿY ì¶mdgm{¶H$mZo ‘cmñnï> gm§{JVco H$s, XþYmMm Y§Xm ’$m¶ÚmMm ìhm¶Mm Agoc Va g§H$[aVJmoèømcm EH$ {Xdghr XÿY nmOUo nadS>Uma Zmhr. EdT>oM Zìho Va g§H$[aVJm¶ VrZ {Xdg H$moÊ¶m AmOmamZo ~gyZ am{hcr Va Ë¶mZ§Va {Vcm JmoR>çmVR>odUo nadS>Umao ZgVo.

AmUr~mUrÀ¶m H$mimV Jm¶tgmR>r H$O©o XoÊ¶mMr Qy>‘ {ZKmcr hmoVr.n{hë¶m {dVrZ§Va XÿY Wm§~co Am{U J^©YmaUm cm§~cr H$s {Vcm ImD$KmcUo nadS>V Zmhr Am{U nmoam~mim§À¶m Vm|S>Mm Kmg H$mTy>Z Jm¶ OmonmgUoH$R>rU OmVo. ¶m H$maUmñVd Jm¶rcm OmUyZ~wOyZ g§ndÊ¶mV ¶oV hmoVo. {d‘mH§$nÝ¶m§H$Sy>Z ^anmB©Mr a¸$‘ KoÊ¶mgmR>r Jm`rMr qeJo ‘¥Ë¶yMm nwamdm åhUyZXmIdmdr cmJV. EH$Q>çm Ywio {OëømV EH$ nwao JmoXm‘ eoVH$è¶mÀ¶m Kar‘ocoë¶m (!) Jm¶rÀ¶m qeJm§Zr acoco, {d‘m H§$nZrÀ¶m {ZarúmH$mÀ¶m ’w$agVrMr


EH$m gdm}X¶r ZoË¶mZo ¶m {df¶mda Mm§Jco Vmg XmoZ Vmgm§Mo àdMZ EoH$dcohmoVo. Vo Joë¶mZ§Va eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ¶m ~¡R>H$sg gwédmV Pmcr. ‘Ü¶ àXoemVrceoVH$è¶m§g‘moa ‘r eoVr‘mcmÀ¶m CËnmXZ IMm©da AmYm[aV amñV ^mdmMo{dñV¥V {Zê$nU Ho$co. eoVrÀ¶m Am{U J[a~rÀ¶m gd© g‘ñ¶m§Mo EH$ gyÌ amñV^md Amho Am{U gd© àíZ gmoS>dÊ¶mMr Jwé{H$„r amñV ^md Amho hogm§{JVco. Ë¶mZ§Va EH$m eoVH$ar H$m¶©H$Ë¶m©Zo CRy>Z åhQ>co, "eaXOr, Vw‘Mm‘wÔm Amåhmcm nQ>cm. Vw‘À¶m Am§XmocZmV Amåhr Oê$a gm‘rc hmoD$; nU¶oWo ‘Ü¶ àXoemV Am‘À¶mnwT>o Ë¶mhrnoúmm EH$ ‘moR>r g‘ñ¶m Amho. JmdmoJmdr^mH$S> Jm¶tMo H$in g§»¶oZo dmT>V Mmcco AmhoV. Ë¶m§Zm nmogÊ¶mMrO~m~Xmar gmè¶m JmdmMr. Ë¶m§Zr H$moR>o Vm|S> cmdco Va Ë¶m§Zm hþgH$VmgwÕm¶oV Zmhr; cmR>r MmcdUo XÿaM am{hco. Hw§$nU Zgco Va H$inÀ¶m H$ineoVmV KwgyZ {nH$mMr YyiYmU H$aVmV. eaXOr, h‘o Jm¶go ~MmAmo, dm{O~Xm‘H$m ‘m‘cm h‘ {Z~Q> co|Jo &' eoVH$è¶m§À¶m ‘ZmVrc ^mdZm Am{UeoVH$è¶m§Mo Zmd nwT>o H$ê$Z ~mocUmè¶m§Mo ¶w{º$dmX ¶mVrc V’$mdVrZo ‘cm‘moR>m Y¸$m ~gcm.

‘hmamï´>mV H$mhr {Oëho gmoS>ë¶mg Ago ‘moH$mQ> OZmdam§Mo H$in ZmhrV;nU VarXoIrc XmdUrcm Agcoë¶m OZmdam§Mr g§»¶m gmaIr KQ>V AgVo hoahñ¶ g‘OyZ KoÊ¶mgmR>r gmoim-gVam dfmªnydu Amåhr ~¡cmMm CËnmXZIM©H$mT>Ê¶mMm CnX²>ì¶mn Ho$cm hmoVm. OÝ‘ë¶mnmgyZ AS>rMVrZ df} JmoèømcmMm§Jco nmogmdo Voìhm Vmo H$m‘mg ¶oVmo Am{U d¶ Pmë¶mZ§Va OwdmImcyZ{ZKmë¶mZ§Va MmanmM df} Var ~¡cmcm VgoM nmogmdo cmJVo. ‘Yë¶m gmV-AmR> dfmªÀ¶m H$mimV Va Ë¶m§À¶m nmofUmMm IM© IynM dmT>Vmo. n|S>, d¡aU,{hadm Mmam H$mhrM VmoS>Vm ¶oV Zmhr; ZmhrVa eoVrMr H$m‘o hmoVM ZmhrV.gVam dfmªnydu ~¡cmÀ¶m Am¶wî¶mV Xa {Xder Ë¶mÀ¶m ImÊ¶mMm IM© 28én¶o ¶oVmo, Agm {ZîH$f© {ZKmcm. eoVmVco JdV Agco Var Vo H$mhr ’w$H$Q>Zmhr, Vohr {dH$VM KoVco Amho Ago J¥hrV Yê$Z hm {heo~ H$mT>cm hmoVm.Am¶wî¶^a, df©^a Xa{Xder 28 én¶o IMy©Z nmogcoë¶m ~¡cmMm Cn¶moJË¶mÀ¶m C‘oXrÀ¶m dfm©V Xadfu OmñVrV OmñV 40 {Xdg AgVmo. Ë¶mH$mir^mS>çmZo ~¡cOmoS>r 30é. Zo {‘iV Ago. ~¡c R>odUmam eoVH$ar eoVrVyZghrgcm‘V OJÊ¶mdmMÊ¶mMr e³¶Vm eyÝ¶. Ë¶mÀ¶m eoUm‘wVm‘wio hmoUmam’$m¶Xm cúmmV KoD$Zhr ~¡c hr Z nadS>Umar Jmoï> Amho Agm {ZîH$f© {ZKmcm.

àíZ Ho$cm Am{U ~aoMgo AmT>odoT>o KoD$Z H$m hmoB©Zm Ë¶m§Zr gm§ñH¥${VH$dmaemnmoQ>r Jm¶rMr ^cmdU H$aV Agë¶mMr H$~wcr {Xcr.

gd©M OZmdao Cn¶wº$ ney AgVmV; Jm¶ hm {deof Cn¶wº$ ney. JmB©À¶mMohè¶mdarc A{^ì¶º$r Am{U nmUrXma S>moù¶m§Vrc mdZm ‘mZdr A{^ì¶º$rerA{YH$ OwiUmè¶m. {VMo XÿY ‘Zwî¶àmÊ¶mÀ¶m ~mim§Zm ghO ‘mZdVo. hogJio Iao Agco Var OJmVrc gd© Xoem§V Jm¶r{df¶r ^md{ZH$ OdirH$’$maer Zmhr. ’«|$M ^mfoV H$moÊ¶m órcm Jm¶rMr Cn‘m XoUo hoQ>miUrXmIcMhmoVo.

göX¶VoÀ¶m H$maUmZo qH$dm AJXr AW©emómÀ¶m AmYmamZo H$moUË¶mhràmÊ¶mMm dY H$ê$ Z¶o Ago ‘m§S>Vm ¶oB©c; nU ì¶dhmar {heo~mnmoQ>r Agmdo,AJXr Jm§YrdmXrgwÕm AqhgoMm AmJ«h YaVmZm gd© ney§À¶m H$Îmcrda ~§XrKmcmdr Aer ‘mJUr H$aÊ¶mMo YmîQ>ç© H$arV ZmhrV. Ë¶m§Mr H$éUm Jm¶rnwaVrM‘¶m©{XV amhVo!

{dkmZmMm qH$dm AW©emómMm AmYma Jmod§e aúmUmgmR>r Amdí¶H$ AmhoAgo ‘cm dmQ>V Zmhr. ‘Zwî¶, ì¶º$r H$m¶ qH$dm g‘mO H$m¶, gd©M H$mhrewÕ VH$m©Zo MmcV ZmhrV. {dkmZmÀ¶m {eIamda nmohmoMcocr amï´>o n§IAgcoco KmoS>o Am{U qeJ Agcoco qgh Amnë¶m amO‘wÐm§da {‘adVmV.Jm¶r{df¶rMm nyÁ¶^md gd©gmYmaU g‘mOmV Amho, EdT>o nwao Amho. H$moUVrMnyÁ¶ ^mdZm {dMjUog CVê$ eH$V Zmhr. Jm`rÀ`mM ~m~VrV Aer {dMúmUmH$m H$am? gd©gm‘mÝ¶ g‘mOmcm Jm¶ ‘macr OmD$ Z¶o Ago dmQ>V Agoc VaVgm H$m¶Xm H$aÊ¶mMm Ë¶m§Zm A{YH$ma Amho, Jm¶rÀ¶m œmgmV àmUdm¶y AmhoAm{U àË¶oH$ Jm¶ "H$m‘YoZy'M AgVo Agcm AdmñVd H$m§Jmdm H$aÊ¶mMrH$mhrM Amdí¶H$Vm Zmhr.

Jm¶r{df¶r ào‘, AmXa Am{U H$éUm ^maVr¶ gm{hË¶mV nydm©nma AmT>iVo.¶mCcQ>, ~¡c ¶k¶mJmV ~ir XoÊ¶mMr àWm doXH$mcrZ Amho Am{U ~ir{Xcoë¶m ~¡cm§Mo ‘m§g ho F$pËdOm§Mo emómoº$ ImÚ Amho. JmoaúmUmMr na§namAmho Ver ~¡c Am{U diy ¶m§À¶m aúmUmMr na§nam ^maVr¶ B{VhmgmV Zmhr;nU AmYw{ZH$ qhXþËdmdmÚm§Zm Ë¶mgmR>r Amdí¶H$ Vo OZg‘W©Z Amho Ag§dmQ>V Agë¶mg Ë¶m§Zm H$moU Am{U H$go Wm§~dUma?

Jm¶tMo g§dY©Z Am{U Ë¶m§Mo aúmU ¶mda nwîH$igo H$mì¶ ‘r EoH$co hmoVo.‘Ü¶ àXoemVrc N>Îmanya ‘w¸$m‘r Jm§Yr ñ‘maH$ Aml‘mV ‘w¸$m‘mg AgVmZm


AmoPo ‘mÌ eoVH$è¶mZo ¿¶m¶Mo Aer ì¶dñWm {Q>Hy$ eH$Uma Zmhr.H$ÎmcImÝ¶mVrc H$Îmcr Wm§~Vrc, nU eoVH$è¶mÀ¶m KaMr hoigm§S> WmoS>rMWm§~Uma Amho? H$Îmcrda ~§Xr KmVcr Va ‘ocoë¶m OZmdam§Mm Cn¶moJH$aÊ¶mV Amcm Ago ZmQ>H$ ghO dR>dVm ¶oB©c. ‘J, Jm¶-~¡c IamoIaMZ¡g{J©H$arË¶m ‘oco H$s ImÊ¶m{nÊ¶mMr hoigm§S> Pmë¶m‘wio ‘oco H$s Am¡fYKmcyZ ‘maco Joco ¶mMr àË¶oH$ doir Mm¡H$er H$amdr cmJoc. àË¶oH$ Jm¶-~¡cmMo ed{dÀN>oXZ H$amdo cmJoc. eoVH$è¶m§Zm H$MmQ>çmV nH$Sy>Z Ë¶m§À¶mH$Sy>ZAmUIr X{úmUm CH$iy nmhUmè¶m ZmoH$aehm§Mr AmUIrM M§Ji hmoB©c.

Jmod§e hË¶m~§Xr newnmcZmÀ¶m gd© {gÕm§Vm{déÕ Amho. Jm¶rMm JmoR>m{H$’$m¶Vera ìhm¶Mm Agoc Va nwè¶m H$inmVrc Jm¶tMr XaamoOÀ¶m XþYmMrgamgar 8 {cQ>a Var Agcr nm{hOo. åhUOo, drVmZ§Va drg~mdrg {cQ>anoúmmH$‘r XÿY XoUmar Jm¶ Am{W©H$ÑîQ>çm {Zìdi ~moOm Amho. Mm§Jë¶m Mm§Jë¶mJm¶tMo g§dY©Z Am{U H$‘Añgc Jm¶tZm JmoR>çmVyZ H$mT>Uo hr XÿYCËnmXZmVrcAm{U ¶eñdr newg§dY©ZmVrc Jwé{H$„r Amho. Ë¶m§Mm ‘mZ amIcm Zmhr VaH$m¶ hmoB©c? Jm¶tMr nyOm H$aUmè¶m ^maVmVrc Jm¶r gdm©V H$‘AñgcAm{U OoWo Jm¶ Im„r OmVo VoWo Jm¶rÀ¶m gdm}ËH¥$ï> OmVtMo g§dY©Z Ago{d{MÌ Ñí¶ MmcyM amhrc.

nU ho gd© ~mOycm R>odyZ, ^mdZonmoQ>r, Jm¶rMr H$Îmc hmoVm H$m‘m Z¶oAgm AmJ«h YaÊ¶mV MyH$ H$mhr Zmhr. Vgo H$am¶Mo R>aco Va ¶oWrc XþYmMr{H§$_V OJmVrc BVa Xoem§À¶m VwcZoZo {ZXmZ XþßnQ> amhrc. Vr XoÊ¶mMrV¶mar, Jm¶r{df¶r nyÁ¶ ^mdZm ~miJUmè¶m§Zr R>odcr nm{hOo. "Vwåhr Jm¶rgm§^mim Amåhr dgy~magocm hiX Hw§$Hy$ dmhÿ' Agcr Xm§{^H$Vm H$m¶H$m‘mMr?


VmËn¶©, ~¡c eoVH$è¶mcm ImVmo!^maVmV n{dÌ ‘mZcr OmUmar EH$ dqeS>mMr Z§Xr Jm¶. {hÀ¶mV H$mhr

{deof JwU AmhoV ¶mV H$mhr e§H$m Zmhr. Vr {~Mmar H$mhrM ‘mJV Zmhr.AJXr XþîH$mimÀ¶m H$mimVhr O{‘Zrda Amcoco noaâ dmiHo$gmiHo$ JdVImD$Z Vr ñdV: JwOamU H$aVo Am{U O‘oc Vgo åhUOo AYm© {cQ>a, {cQ>aXÿY H$gmoerZo XoVo. ^maVmVrc eoVH$ar Servival technology (OJyZ dmMyZamhÊ¶mMo V§ÌkmZ) dmnaVmo. hr ^maVr¶ eoVH$è¶mMr loð>Vm, VgoM Ë¶mMrJm¶ XþîH$mimV, BVa H$moUË¶mhr {~H$Q> n[apñWVrV Vr {Q>Hy$Z amhVo hm {VMm‘moR>m JwU! Z§Xr Jm¶rMr ~hrU g§H$[aV Jm¶. {VÀ¶m ImÊ¶m{nÊ¶mV AmR>dS>mâh¶J¶ Pmcr Va Vr H$m¶‘Mr Iam~ hmoVo. Z§XrJm¶rÀ¶m Agë¶m {‘OmerZmhr. ho {VMo H$m¡VwH$.

nU, "~«m÷U Jm¶r'À¶m ¶m {deof JwUmMm EH$ ‘moR>m {dnarV n[aUm‘{XgyZ ¶oVmo. Jm¶rMr hr Po~y OmV OJmÀ¶m nmR>rda àm‘w»¶mZo ^maVr¶ CnI§S>Am{U EH$m H$mir Ë¶mcm g§c¾ AgUmam Am{’«$Ho$Mm nyd© {H$Zmam ¶oWoMgmnS>Vo. åhUOo, ¶m Jm¶rMm amhÊ¶mMm àXoe ~m§Jcm Xoe, ^maV, nm{H$ñVmZ,B{WAmo{nAm, Q>m§Pm{Z¶m Am{U Ho${Z¶m. Amü¶m©Mr Jmoï> Aer H$s Zo‘Ho$ hoMXoe OJmV gdmªV X[aÐr am{hco AmhoV. gnmQ> nmR>rÀ¶m Jm¶tMo Xoe d¡^dmÀ¶m{eIamda AmhoV. åher ~miJUmao Wm¶c§S>, H§$~mo{S>¶m, ‘co{e¶mgmaIo XoeImD$Z {nD$Z gwIr AmhoV. dqeS>mMr ~«m÷U Jm¶ gmè¶m XoemMr cú‘r ’$ñVH$ê$Z Q>mH$Vo ¶mMm hm g‚mS> nwamdm Amho.

¶mMm AW© Jmod§emÀ¶m H$Îmcrg ~§Xr H$ê$ Z¶o Agm Zmhr. Aem ~§Xr‘wioXoemV M¡VÝ¶ ngaUma Agoc, cmoH$m§Zm H$mhr AmpË‘H$ g‘mYmZ cmÛmaAgoc Va Ago Adí¶ Ho$co nm{hOo. ’$º$, dmMcoë¶m Jm¶tMo gS> EH$mH$S>oAm{U Im¶Mo Vm|S> Xþgè¶mH$S>o Aer {d^mJUr H$ê$Z MmcUma Zmhr. Jm¶Am‘Mr AmB© Amho, Vr ^cr VmoQ>çmMr Agmo {Vcm eodQ>n¶ªV gwImZonmogÊ¶mMm Am‘Mm {ZYm©a Amho. Ë¶mgmR>r H$mhrhr {H$_V Úmdr cmJcr VarMmcoc Agm OoWrc Am‘ OZVoMm {ZYm©a Amho, VoWo H$Îmcrg ~§Xr Oê$aPmcr nm{hOo; nU ~§Xr‘mJmo‘mJ BVahr H$mhr nmdco KoVcr nm{hOoV. Jm¶rMrCËnmXH$Vm gmV-AmR> df} Am{U Am¶wî¶‘mZ ~mamVoam df} Aer n[apñWVr ¶mH$m¶ÚmZo V¶ma hmoB©c. ^mH$S> H$mimV Jm¶rcm nmogm¶Mo H$moUr? eharY‘©‘mVªS>m§Zr JmonyOZmÀ¶m Jmoc‘mc Jmoï>r gm§Jm¶À¶m Am{U {Vcm nmogm¶Mo


nSy> cmJcr Va ho EH$ Ag‘mZr g§H$Q>M åhUm¶Mo! XþîH$mimÀ¶m dfuMrZwH$gmZrMr ânmB© H$ê$Z XoUo H$moUm gaH$mamcm e³¶ Zmhr. H$moUr {d‘mH§$nZrhr EdT>o AmoPo CMcy eH$Uma Zmhr. XþîH$mimÀ¶m dfu hdmc{XceoVH$è¶m§Mr ‘m’$H$ Anoúmm AgVo, ¶§XmMo df© H$mhrhr H$ê$Z nma nS>oc Ago‘m¶~mn gaH$maZo H$mhr H$amdo Am{U eoVH$è¶m§Zm OJdmdo; Ë¶mgmR>r añË¶mMrIS>r ’$moS>Ê¶mMr, amoOJma h‘rMr, dmQ>oc Vr H$m‘o H$mT>mdrV, OZmdam§ZmMmamnmUr Am{U ‘mUgm§À¶m nmoQ>mcm ^mH$ar {‘ioc Ago H$mhrVar H$ê$ZeoVH$è¶m§Zm OJdmdo!

¶mCcQ>, nmD$g AVmoZmV Pmcm, ‘hmnya Amcm, {nHo$À¶m {nHo$ dmhÿZJocr, Jmdo, Kao dmhÿZ Jocr, ‘mUgo Jocr, Jwao T>moao Jocr, Aem Añ‘mZrg§H$Q>mVXoIrc g§nyU© ânmB© H$aUo gaH$macmhr e³¶ hmoUma Zmhr Am{UH$moUm {d‘m H§$nZrcmhr e³¶ hmoUma Zmhr. Aem ‘hmnwamÀ¶m H$mimVhreoVH$è¶m§Mr Anoúmm EdT>rM AgVo H$s, gaH$maZo H$mhr ‘XVrMm hmV nwT>oH$amdm. Jococr ‘mUgo, {nHo$, OZmdao ¶m§Mr ânmB© H$mhr n¡emZo hmoV Zmhr;nU dmMcoë¶m§Zm {ZXmZ nwT>rc dfmªn¶ªV VJyZ amhVm ¶oB©c Aer ì¶dñWm‘m¶~mn gaH$maZo H$amdr.

XþîH$mi, ‘hmnya, ^yH§$n, eÌyMm h„m, ~m°å~ hëë¶mZo hmoUmar ZmgYyg ¶mAgë¶m AmnÎmrV ZwH$gmZânmB©Mm qH$dm {då¶mMm àíZ CX²^dVM Zmhr.Aem g§H$Q>mV amOmZo ‘XV H$amdr hr a¶VoMr Anoúmm hOmamo dfmªnyduhr hmoVrAm{U AmO OZVmhr cmoH${Z¶wº$ emgZm§H$Sy>Z EdT>Mr ‘m’$H$ Anoúmm R>odVo.Xþ{Z¶mâÀ¶m {d‘m H$m¶ÚmV Amg‘mZr g§H$Q> Am[U Xþí‘Zr g§H$Q> ¶m§~ÔcZwH$gmZ ânmB© XoÊ¶mÀ¶m O~m~XmarVyZ {d‘m H§$nÝ¶m§Zm gyQ> {Xcocr Amho.gaH$maÀ¶m YmoaUm§‘wioM eoVH$è¶m§Mo ZwH$gmZ Pmco Va Ë¶m~Ôchr H$moUVrhr{d‘m H§$nZr O~m~Xmar ñdrH$maUma Zmhr. CXm. H$m§ÚmVyZ CËnÞ ~ao {‘imdoAem {heo~mZo eoVH$è¶mZo H$m§ÚmMo úmoÌ dmT>dco; nU emgZmZo {Z¶m©Vrda~§Xr KmVcr, Am¶mV H$ê$Z ‘mcmMo ^md nmS>co qH$dm AÜ¶mXoe H$mTy>ZH$‘mc {H$_Vr R>adyZ Q>mH$ë¶m Am{U Ë¶m‘wio eoVH$è¶m§Mo ZwH$gmZ Pmco VaZwH$gmZânmB©Mr O~m~Xmar H$moUVrhr {d‘m H§$nZr KoUma Zmhr. WmoS>³¶mVAg‘mZr, Xþí‘Zr Am{U gwcVmZr ¶m VrZhr ‘hmg§H$Q>m§À¶m àg§Jr nrH$ {d‘m¶moOZoMm H$mhrhr Cn¶moJ AgUma Zmhr.

"gm‘y{hH$ H$O©{d‘m' ¶moOZm

Mm¡Xm

nrH${då¶mMm ^yc^wc¡æ¶m

eoVH$è¶m§À¶m àíZmda amOH$s¶ núm Amnmnë¶m OmhraZmå¶m§‘Ü¶o doJdoJirAmœmgZo XoVmV. ¶mhrdoir nwT>mè¶m§Zr ‘moR>çm MncVoZo Amnmnë¶m númmÀ¶mOmhraZmå¶m§V EH$ H$c‘ KwgS>co Amho. "eoVrH$[aVm ì¶mnH$ nrH$ {d‘m¶moOZm V¶ma H$aUo Am{U A‘cmV AmUUo ho Am‘À¶m númmMo YmoaU Am{UH$m¶©H«$‘ Amho' Ago Omo Vmo núm åhUyZ cmJcm. ho CÎma VÔZ ’$gdo Amho;ImoQ>o Amho. nwT>mè¶m§Zm eoVH$è¶m§Mm àíZ g‘Ococm Zmhr. Vo H$mhrVar WmVya‘mVya CÎma XoD$Z nidmQ> H$mT>V AmhoV ho ~hþVH$ eoVH$è¶m§Zm H$iV hmoVo;nU nwT>mè¶m§§À¶m ImoQ>onUmMo ‘mn Ë¶m§À¶m nXamV nwaonya KmcUo {ZdS>UwH$sÀ¶mYm‘Yw‘rÀ¶m H$mimV Am{U nwT>mè¶m§À¶m doJdmZ Xm¡è¶m§À¶m H$m¶©H«$‘mV e³¶Pmco Zmhr. Ë¶m‘wio {d‘m hm eoVrÀ¶m AmOmamda EH$ ‘hÎdmMm Am¡fYmonMmaAmho Agm EH$ g‘O ê$T> hmoD$ nmhV Amho. H$moUË¶mhr H$maUmZo H$m hmoB©Zm,eoVH$è¶m§Mr {nHo$ ~wS>mcr qH$dm Ë¶m§Mo ZwH$gmZ Pmco Va eoVH$è¶m§Zr H$m¶H$amdo? gaH$ma Va H$mIm da H$ê$Z "Am‘Mr BÀN>m ’$ma Amho hmo nU n¡goAmUmdo H$moRy>Z?' Ago Omhra H$aVo. nrH$-{d‘m Agcm Va {d‘m H§$nZrZwH$gmZânmB©Mr nwar a¸$‘ eoVH$è¶m§Zm XoB©cM. åhUOo eoVH$è¶m§Mo nwaoXþ:IhaU PmcoM. Aer Amem eoVH$è¶m§À¶m ‘ZmV M‘Hy$Z Jocr. nrH$ {d‘m¶moOZm V¶ma H$aÊ¶mV nwT>mè¶m§Mm S>md H$m¶? ZmoH$aehm§Mm ñdmW© H$m¶?Am{U ¶m ¶moOZoV eoVH$è¶m§da H$m¶ n[aUm‘ hmoUma? ¶m~Ôc ‘moR>m Jm|YiOmUH$ma {dÛmZmVhr AmT>iyZ ¶oVmo.

Ag‘mZr-gwcVmZr-Xþí‘Zrcm {d‘m ZgVmoMEImÚm dfu XþîH$miM nS>cm, nmD$g nS>cmM Zmhr; {nHo$ gneoc

~wS>mcr, OZmdam§Zm Mmam am{hcm Zmhr åhUyZ Vr añË¶mañË¶mda nQ>mnQ> ‘ê$Z


Varhr EH$m {Xder eoVH$è¶m§À¶m hmVr ZwH$gmZânmB©À¶m aH$‘m ¶oD$Z nS>ë¶m.gÜ¶m A‘cmV Agcoë¶m ¶moOZocm "nrH$ {d‘m ¶moOZm' åhUUo A¶mo½¶ Amho.

"nrH$ {d‘m' H$gm nm{hOo?IarIwar nrH$ {d‘m ¶moOZm ‘moQ>ma AnKmVmÀ¶m {d‘m ¶moOZoà‘mUo Mmccr

nm{hOo. H$moUmhr eoVH$è¶mg H$moUË¶mhr àXoemV Vmo nrH$-H$O©Xma AgmoqH$dm Zgmo, {nH$mMm {d‘m CVadVm Amcm nm{hOo.

doJdoJù¶m {nH$m§À¶mgmR>r cmJUmam IM© doJdoJim; Ë¶m‘wio, hmVmVnS>Umar {‘iH$Vhr doJdoJir. Ë¶m‘wio àË¶oH$ {nH$mÀ¶m ~m~VrV hßË¶mMrAm{U ZwH$gmZ ânmB©Mr a¸$‘ doJdoJir AgUma ho CKS> Amho. nrH$~wS>rMmYmoH$m doJdoJù¶m {nH$m§À¶m ~m~VrV WmoS>m’$ma doJim Agy eH$Vmo; nUAZoH$ Ahdmc Am{U Aä¶mg ¶mdê$Z Agm {ZîH$f© {ZKVmo H$s, nrH$~wS>rMmYmoH$m hm ì¶dñWmnZ Am{U ^m§S>dc Jw§VdUyH$ ¶m§À¶mer A{YH$ {ZJ{S>VAmho. ‘moQ>ma AnKmVmÀ¶m {då¶mMr Am{U hßË¶mÀ¶m aH$‘m doJdoJù¶mAgVmV; nU hám AmH$macm OmVmo Vmo àm‘w»¶mZo Vr JmS>r MmcdUmè¶m‘mUgm§À¶m AnKmVmÀ¶m B{VhmgmÀ¶m AmYmao. hrM Jmoï> eoVH$è¶m§À¶m~m~VrVhr Iar Amho. g‘Om, ÐmúmmMo nrH$ EH$ar cmI én¶o XoVo Am{UH$m§ÚmMo EH$ar Xhm hOma. ÐmúmmMm {då¶mMm hám {nH$mÀ¶m aH$‘oÀ¶m 8 %Agcm Va H$m§ÚmMm hám 2 Vo 3 % Agoc; nU H$mhr Hw$ec eoVH$è¶m§À¶m~m~VrV ZwH$gmZrMm AZw^d AJXr doJim Agy eHo$c Am{U Ë¶m‘wio Ë¶m§ZmAmH$maÊ¶mV ¶oUmam hám doJdoJim Agy eHo$c.

Q>¸o$dmarMrM Jmoï> {ZKmcr Va nrH$ ~wS>Ê¶mÀ¶m Ymo³¶mMr Q>¸o$dmar H$m¶hm ‘wÔm ‘hÎdmMm R>aVmo. {d‘m åhUOo H$mhr g§H$Q>J«ñVm§Zm AmH$memVyZ{‘iUmar ‘XV Zmhr. g§H$Q> Á¶m§À¶mda H$mogiy eH$Vo Aem§Zr EH$Ì ¶mdo,EH$ {ZYr V¶ma H$amdm Am{U Ë¶m {ZYrVyZ Á¶m§À¶mda àË¶úmmV g§H$Q> ¶oD$ZH$mogiVo Ë¶m§Zm H$mhr ânmB© {‘imdr ho {då¶mMo ‘yc^yV VÎd Amho. AJXrgmÜ¶m CXmhaUmZo hr Jmoï> ñnï> hmoB©c. 24 df} d¶mÀ¶m ZmJ[aH$mMm EH$dfm©Mm OrdZ {d‘m CVadm¶Mm Amho. ¶m dfm©V Oo ‘¥Ë¶y nmdVrc Ë¶m§Zm EH$cmI én¶mMr anmB© Úmdr Aer ¶moOZm Amho. ‘¥Ë¶yg§~§YrMr gmar AmH$S>odmarnm{hcr Va Ago {XgVo H$s, 25 ì¶m dfm©V g§~§{YV g‘mOmVrc ì¶³Vr ‘aUnmdÊ¶mMr e³¶Vm ’$º$ 2 % Amho. ‘J ¶m ¶moOZoVrc àË¶oH$ {d‘mYmaH$mMmhám EH$ cmI én¶m§À¶m XmoZ Q>¸o$ åhUOo é. 2000/- hmoB©c. ¶mM nÕVrZo

åhUOo, amhVm am{hcocr nrH$~wS>rMr H$maUo H$moUVr? nmD$g WmoS>m’$maA{Z¶{‘V Pmcm, amoJamB© Amcr, {~¶mUo Anoúmoà‘mUo CJdco Zmhr, ’w$ccoZmhr, ’$ico Zmhr Am{U Aem H$maUm§‘wio {nH$m§Mo ZwH$gmZ Pmco, åhUOo{d‘m H§$nZrZo R>a{dcoë¶m nmVirnojm H$‘r CËnmXZ Pmco Va AemàH$aUr{d‘m¶moOZm cmJy hmoD$ eH$Vo.

nrH${d‘m ¶moOZm åhUOo AJXrM H$mhr ZdrZ A’$cmVyZ H$ënZm Zmhr.EH$ àH$maMr nrH$ {d‘m ¶moOZm AmOhr XoemV H$mhrH$mhr Vmcw³¶m§V,{Oëøm§V A‘cmV Amhoo. EH$m amï´>r¶rH¥$V gd©gmYmaU {d‘m H§$nZrÀ¶mghH$m¶m©Zo gaH$maZo `m ¶moOZm Mmcdë¶m AmhoV. Iè¶m AWm©Zo nm{hco VaË¶m§Mo "nrH$-{d‘m ¶moOZm' ho Zm‘m{^YmZ J¡acmJy Amho. ¶moOZoMm AmamIS>mnm{hcm Am{U A§‘c~OmdUr nm{hcr Va {Vcm "gm‘y{hH$ nrH$ H$O© {d‘m¶moOZm' Ago Zmd XoUo A{YH$ g§¶w{º$H$ R>aoc. ¶m ¶moOZoV {d‘m H$moUmhreoVH$è¶mg Ë¶mÀ¶m BÀN>oà‘mUo CVadVm ¶oV Zmhr. H$mhr Vmcw³¶m§V H$mhr{nH$m§gmR>rM Ho$di {d‘m ¶moOZm cmJy Pmë¶mMo gaH$ma Omhra H$aVo. AemàXoemV {d‘m ¶moOZm cmJy Agcoco nrH$ KoUmè¶m eoVH$è¶m§n¡H$s Oo eoVH$arnrH$H$O© KoVmV Ë¶m§Zm hr {d‘m ¶moOZm AmnmoAmn cmJy hmoVo. H$O© XoVmZmM{då¶mÀ¶m hßË¶mnmoQ>r H$mhr a¸$‘ H$mnyZ KoVcr OmVo. hßË¶mMm H$mhr ~moOmgaH$ma ñdV: CMcVo.

{d‘m úmoÌmVrc {d‘m nrH$ {d‘m ¶moOZoZo R>a{dcoë¶m nmVirnoúmm H$‘rAmco Va Ë¶m úmoÌmVrc gd© nrH$H$O©Xmam§Zm H$Om©À¶m aH$‘oVrc ZwH$gmZrÀ¶mQ>¸o$dmarZwgma H$mhr a¸$‘ ZwH$gmZânmB© åhUyZ {‘iVo. gmè¶m Vmcw³¶mVnrH$ ~ao Amho nU EH$m eoVH$è¶mÀ¶m eoVmV ‘mÌ nrH$ ’$gco Ago KS>co VaZwH$gmZJ«ñV eoVH$è¶mcm H$mhrhr anmB© {‘iV Zmhr. ¶moOZoMr A§‘c~OmdUr‘moR>r VH©$Q>r Am{U {d{MÌ hmoVo. EH$m dfu nmdgmÀ¶m gwédmVrg gm¡amï´>mVrceoVH$è¶m§Zr H$mngmgmR>r nrH$H$O} KoVcr, {då¶mMm hám âcm, {~¶mUoIarXr Ho$co; nU nmD$g PmcmM Zmhr. nmD$gM Zmhr Va noaUr H$aÊ¶mV H$m¶AW© Amho åhUyZ Ë¶m§Zr noaUr Ho$crM Zmhr. gaH$maZo ZwH$gmZânmB© ZmH$macr.noaUrM Ho$cr Zmhr Va {nH$mÀ¶m ZwH$gmZrMm àíZM H$gm CX²^dVmo? WmoS>çmh‘arVw‘arZ§Va, Á¶m§Zr {~¶mUo {ZXmZ eoVmV Q>mHy$Z {Xco hmoVo Ë¶m§Zm H$mhrà‘mUmV ZwH$gmZânmB© {‘imcr, ~mH$sÀ¶m§Zm Zmhr. Zm{eH$ {OëømV ¶mÀ¶mCcQ> KS>co. nrH$ ’$mago g‘mYmZH$maH$ ZìhVo; nU AJXr dmB©Q>hr ZìhVo.


Amcocr a¸$‘ Vmo ~mOycm R>ody eHo$c Am{U g§H$Q>mÀ¶m dmB©Q> dfu H$moUmÀ¶mM-Zm gaH$maÀ¶m Zm {d‘m H§$nZrÀ¶m -Vm|S>mH$S>o Zm nmhVm Vmo Amncm ¶moJúmo‘ì¶dpñWV Mmcdy eHo$c. Aem Amnmnë¶m {då¶mÀ¶m ¶moOZogmR>r H$mhr¶§ÌUm ZH$mo, ZmoH$aemhr ZH$mo, àemgZmMm IM© ZH$mo Am{U ^«ï>mMmamcmhrdmd ZH$mo. emór¶ nÕVrZo nrH${d‘m ¶moOZm Mmcdm¶Mr åhUOo nrH$~wS>Ê¶mÀ¶m Ymo³¶mMm IM© eoVH$è¶mÀ¶m hmVr ~mOmanoR>oVrc {H$_VrÀ¶mê$nmZo nS>Uo Amdí¶H$ Amho. Vmo ZmH$macm OmV Agoc Va H$moUVrhr nrH${d‘m ¶moOZm g’$c hmoUo Ae³¶ Amho.

(eoVH$ar g§KQ>H$, 21 _mM© 1998)

nrH$ ~wS>Ê¶mMr qH$dm ‘aÊ¶mMr g§^mì¶Vm H$m¶ Amho? H$moUË¶mhr àXoemVrcO‘rZ, hdm‘mZ, l‘eº$s, ì¶dñWmnZH$m¡eë¶, V§ÌkmZ, ^m§S>dc ¶m gmè¶mJmoï>r cúmmV KoVë¶mZ§Va nrH$ {H$Vr ¶mdo ¶mMm A§XmO eoVH$sVÁk ‘m§S>VmV.eoVrCËnmXZmMr AmH$S>odmar nm{hcr Va hmVr ¶oUmao nrH$ ho VÁkm§À¶mAZw‘mZmnoúmm {Zåå¶mZoM AgVo. WmoS>³¶mV, nrH$~wS>rMm YmoH$m ^maVmVrcn[apñWVrV OdiOdi 33 % hmoB©c. eoVrMo EHy$U CËnmXZH$ 231 Id©én¶m§Mo Amho. ¶mMm AW© {då¶mÀ¶m ZwH$gmZânmB©Mr a¸$‘ 115 Id© én¶oAgoc. H$mhr {H$‘mZ ZwH$gmZr~Ôc ânmB© {Xcr OmUma Zmhr Ago R>adco VarZwH$gmZânmB©Mr a¸$‘ 90 Id© én¶m§noúmm H$‘r hmoUo Zmhr; nU gJioeoVH$ar H$mhr {d‘m CadUma Zmhr. AZoH$m§Zm {d‘m ¶moOZoMr ‘m{hVr Zgoc.gaH$mar AmYma^yV {H$‘Vr ’$º$ gVam eoVr‘mcmZmM cmJy AmhoV. ¶m gVam‘mcm§nwaVrM {d‘m ¶moOZm ‘¶m©{XV R>odcr Var ZwH$gmZânmB©Mr a¸$‘ 20 Vo25 hOma H$moQ>r én¶m§noúmm H$‘r AgUma Zmhr.

^maVr¶ OrdZ {d‘m {ZJ‘ Xadfu Zì¶m hßË¶m§n¡H$s én¶o 15,000H$moQ>rM dgyc H$aVo. {VMm EHy$U {d‘m{ZYr AmO{‘Vrg én¶o 85,000H$moQ>rMm Amho. nrH$ {d‘m ¶moOZm {ZJ‘ V¶ma H$aÊ¶mV Amcm Va AJXrgwédmVrcmM dm{f©H$ hßË¶m§Mr a¸$‘ H$‘rV H$‘r én¶o 30 hOma H$moQ>r EdT>rhmoB©c. nrH$ {d‘m {ZJ‘ åhUOo Ho$dT>r AdmT>ì¶ ¶§ÌUm hmoB©c ¶mMm A§XmO¶mdm. ¶m AdmT>ì¶Vo‘wioM nwT>mar Am{U ZmoH$aXma Iwe AgmdoV! eoVH$è¶m§À¶m{nH$m§Mo H$mhrhr hmodmo, cúmmdYr ZmoH$aXmam§Mr ‘mÌ ânoQ> nJmamMr VaVyX‘O~yV hmoD$Z OmB©c. EdT>o Ë¶m§Zm Z¸$sM H$iVo.

AmVm àíZ CaVmo H$s, Vmo hm eoVH$è¶m§Zr {nH$mÀ¶m aH$‘oÀ¶m {Zå‘mBVH$m hám âmdm H$gm Am{U Hw$Ry>Z? eoVr‘mcmÀ¶m {H$_Vr R>a{dVmZmnrH$~wS>rMm YmoH$m OdiOdi cúmmV KoVcm OmVM Zmhr. nrH$~wS>rÀ¶mYmo³¶mnmoQ>r Or {H$aH$moi a¸$‘ Yacr OmVo VodT>rM ’$º$ {då¶mMm hám åhUyZKoVcr Jocr Va g§H$pënV nrH$ {d‘m ¶moOZoMo {Xdmio dmOm¶cm ghm‘{hZogwÕm cmJUma ZmhrV.

¶mcCQ>, nrH$ ~wS>Ê¶mMm IamIwam YmoH$m nyU©V: CËnmXZIMm©À¶m {heo~mVYacm Jocm Va gmè¶mM {nH$m§À¶m {H$_Vr Mmirg Vo nÞmg Q>³³¶m§ZrdmT>Vrc. {H$_Vr R>a{dVmZm nrH$~wS>rMm YmoH$m cúmmV KoVcm Jocm Va,eoVH$è¶m§À¶m hmVr dmT>rd {‘iH$V nS>oc. Mm§Jë¶m {nH$mÀ¶m dfu hmVr


Am{U Z¡g{J©H$ eoVr H$am`bm bmJm Am{U ‘J JmdmoJmd Z¡g{J©H$ eoVrMoà`moJ gwê$ Pmbo. IVmÀ`m EodOr Jm`rMo eoU dmnam`Mo Am{U Am¡fYm§À`mEodOrJm`rMo _yÌ dmnam`Mo. Am{W©H$ CnbãYrMm H$mhr {hemo~ ‘m§S>bmM JobmZmhr.

Ë`m H$mimV {b{hboë`m EH$m boImV ‘r {b{hbo Amho H$s àJVr hr AemVèhoZo ‘mJo OmD$Z hmoV Zmhr. Oa Z¡g{J©H$ eoVr‘wio àM§S> nrH$ òV AgVoAm{U bmoH$m§Zm ânya Im`bm {‘imbo AgVo Va `m Xoem‘Üò XwîH$mi H$YrnS>m`bmM ZH$mo hmoVm. H$maU hOmamo dfmªnmgyZ Amnbr eoVr Z¡g{J©H$MAmho. AmVmn`ªV AmnU H$Yr IVo Am{U Am¡fYo dmnaVM ZìhVmo. `mg‘ñòda VmoS>Jm nwT>Mr emór` nmàr JmR>ë`mZo {‘iob, ‘mJo Joë`mZo Zmhr.àJVr H$Yr ‘mJo Joë`mZo hmoV Zmhr, nwT>o Joë`mZo hmoVo.

‘r EH$m ^mfUmV EH$ H$ënZm ‘m§S>br hmoVr. EImXm amoJ hmoD$ Zò åhUyZ‘mUgm§Zm Ogo BZm°Š`wboeZ H$aVmV Vgo PmS>m§Zm H$aVm Ambo Va hm àûZ gwQy>eH$Vmo. Am¡fY ’$dmaUr H$ê$Z AmnU g§nyU© PmS>m§Zm Am¡fYmMr A§KmoiKmbVmo. Ë`mVbo ’$maM WmoSo> Am¡fY amoJ{ZdmaUmgmR>r Amdí`H$ AgVo.Cabobo gmao {ZgJm©Vrb àXyfUmcm H$maUr^yV hmoVo. ‘mUgm§Zm Ogo B§OoŠeZqH$dm gbmB©ZÀ`m ‘mÜ`‘mVyZ Amdí`H$ {VVHo$M Am¡fY XoÊ`mMr gmo` AmhoVer PmS>mÀ`m ~m~VrV H$aVm Ambr Va IM©hr dmMob Am{U n`m©daUmbmhrYmoH$m amhUma Zmhr.

AmVm O¡{dH$ V§ÌkmZ {dH${gV hmoV Amho. àËòH$ Ord‘mÌ gyú‘ H$UmnmgyZgwê$ hmoVmo. `m H$Um‘Üò H$m°åß`wQ>aÀ`m àmoJ«°‘à‘mUoM EH$ àmoJ«°‘ AgVmoAm{U Ë`m àmoJ«°‘Zwgma Ë`m Ord‘mÌmMr H$UmH$UmZo dmT> hmoVo. O¡{dH$V§ÌkmZmÀ`m n[a^mfoV `m H$Um§Zm OZwH$ (Gene) åhUVmV. `m OZwH$mÀ`màmoJ«°‘‘Üò àmÊ`mÀ`m S>moù`mMm a§J {Zim AgUma Aer AmUIr Agob VaVmo {ZimM hmoUma, Zmhr Va Zmhr.

emókm§Zr OZwH$mVbm hm àmoJ«°‘ nm{hbm, H$moUË`m OmJr H$moUVm {Z`‘AgVmo Vo nm{hbo.

gÜ`m dmXJ«ñV R>aboboo H$nmerMo ~mobJmS©> {~`mUo ho `m OZwH$m§À`mAä`mgmVyZ {Z‘m©U Pmbo Amho. emókm§Zr gmÜ`m H$mngmÀ`m {~`mÊ`mÀ`mOZwH$mMm Aä`mg Ho$bm Ë`mM~amo~a ~m|S>Airbm Vm|S> XoÊ`mMr VmH$XAgboë`m dmUmÀ`mhr OZwH$mMm Aä`mg Ho$bm. OZwH$mVrb Á`m KQ>H$m‘wio

n§Yam

eoVH$è¶m§Mo V§ÌkmZ ñdmV§Í¶

gÜ`m O¡{dH$ {~`mÊ`mg§~§Yr gd© OJâ MMm© Mmby Amho. ~aoM OUË`m§À`m {damoYmV AmhoV. `m {~`mÊ`m§g§~§Yr eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMr ^y{‘H$mdoJir Amho.

’$ma nydunmgyZ Amnbo dmS>dSr>b Amnë`m eoVmV Oo H$mhr nrH$ AmboAgob Ë`mVbo Mm§Jbo Oo H$mhr Agob Vo nwT>rb h§Jm‘mgmR>r {~`mUo åhUyZ~mOybm H$mTy>Z R>odV AgV. EImÚm ‘mbmMo XmUo ‘moR>o AgUo åhUOo Mm§JboAgob Va ‘moR>o ‘moR>o XmUo {ZdSy>Z {~`mUo åhUyZ doJio R>odco Om`Mo. Ago{nT>çmZ² {nT>çm Mmbbo åhUOo Ë`m dmUmMm AmH$ma ‘moR>m ‘moR>m hmoV OmVmo.

h[aV H«$m§VrÀ`m doir H$m` Ho$bo? Oa H$m ‘moR>çm XmÊ`mMo CËnmXZ$nm{hOo Agob Va ‘moR>çm XmÊ`mÀ`m amonmÀ`m ’w$bm§Mo nw§Ho$ga Am{U bhmZXmÊ`mÀ`m amonmÀ`m ’w$bm§Mo órHo$ga `m§Mm g§H$a KS>dyZ AmUyZ Ago dmUV`ma Ho$bo Jobo H$s Ë`mbm IVo Am{U Am¡fYo nwaoem à‘mUmV {‘imbr VaâKmog {nH$ Vo XoVo. dmU Mm§Jbo Zgob Va {H$Vrhr IVo Am{U Am¡fYo {XbrVar Ë`mMm H$mhr Cn`moJ hmoV Zmhr. nU dmU Mm§Jbo Agoc Va Vo IVmcmAm{U Am¡fYmcm à{VgmX XoVo Am{U CËnmXZ dmT>Vo. Aem dmUm§À`m {dH$mgmZoh[aV H«$m§Vrbm gwédmV Pmbr. CËnmXZ dmT>bo nU g‘ñ`mhr Cä`m am{hë`m.`m dmUm§Zm IVo Am{U Am¡fYo OmñV dmnamdr bmJVmV. Ë`m‘wio IM© OmñVhmoVmo EdT>oM Zìho Va IVmAm¡fYm§À`m A{Vdmnam‘wio {ZgJm©Mm, n`m©daUmMmZme hmoD$ bmJbm; ZÚm§‘Yrb ‘mgo ‘ê$ bmJbo, ZÚm§Mo nmUr Xy{fV hmoD$bmJbo.

h[aVH«$m§VrÀ`m V§ÌkmZm‘wio hr g‘ñ`m C^r am{hbobr {Xgm`bm bmJë`mZ§VaH$mhr ‘§S>ir§Zr Ymoem bmdbm H$s IVm§Mm Am{U Am¡fYm§Mm dmna gmoSy>Z Úm


Vrd« {damoY H$aUmar _§S>ir gd©H$mi AgVmV. AmJJmS>r Ambr H$s {Vbm{damoY H$aUmao hmoVo, H$maImZo Ambo Ë`m§Zm {damoY H$aUmao hmoVo, ImUr§Zmhr{damoY H$aUmao hmoVo. ho gd© Kw~S>mgmaIo {Xdm^rV AmhoV.

{OVHo$ AmnU à`moJ H$aVmo {VVH$s kmZmMr àJVr hmoVo; {OVHo$ AmnUà`moJmbm ZmH$mê$, {VVH$s "~«m÷Ur'ì`dñWm V`ma hmoVo; Oo H$mhr kmZ AmhoVo Am_À`mH$S>o Amho. ~mH$s H$moUr à`moJ H$aÊ`mMr JaO Zmhr, ~mH$s H$moUrJ§«W dmMy Zò, Amåhr Oo H$mhr åhUVmo Vo Vwåhr EoH$m Ago åhUUmam§Mr"~«m÷Ur'ì`dñWm V`ma hmoVo. {~`mUo H$moUVo dmnam`Mo Vo Amåhr Vwåhmbmgm§Jy, Vwåhr à`moJ H$ê$ ZH$m hm ~«m÷UrdmX eoVH$è`m§Zm O¡{dH$ V§ÌkmZmnmgyZXya R>odÊ`mH$[aVm dmnabm OmV Amho.

eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMr `m {df`mdaMr ^y{‘H$m gmYr Am{U gmonr Amho. `mV§ÌkmZmMo Oa H$mhr dmB©Q> n[aUm_ AgVrc Va Vo dmB©Q> n[aUm_ XÿaH$aÊ`mH$[aVm AOyZ ZdrZ V§ÌkmZM Cn`moJr nSo>b. Ogo h[aV H«$m§VrÀ`mV§ÌkmZmVrb Xmof Xya H$aÊ`mH$[aVm O¡{dH$ V§ÌkmZ nwT>o Ambo Vgo O¡{dH$V§ÌkmZmVrb Xmof Xya H$aÊ`mH$[aVm nwT>rb emór` nmàr MT>mdr bmJoM,Ë`mEodOr "eoU Am{U ‘yV' Zmhr dmnê$Z MmbUma.

eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMr ^y{‘H$m EdT>rM Amho H$s V§ÌkmZ Am{U eoVH$ar`m§À`m‘Üò H$moUr q^Vr ~m§Yy ZòV. eoVH$è`m§Zm IwbonUmZo à`moJ H$am`Mrg§Yr {‘iy Úmdr. Ë`m§Mm Ë`§mZm {ZU©` KoD$ Úm H$s A‘wH$ EH$ {~`mUo dmnaboVa nwT>À`m dfu ZdrZ {~`mUo {dH$V ¿`mdo bmJVo Var Vo nadS>Vo H$s ZmhrVo. H$moUr Var {XëbrV ~gyZ Vo R>adVm òUma Zmhr.

eoVH$ar à`moJerb Amho, Ë`mbm V§ÌkmZ {ZdS>rMo ñdmV§Í` Agm`bmnm{hOo. Xwgè`m H$moUmÀ`m Am|OirVyZ VwQ>nw§Oo V§ÌkmZ ñdrH$maÊ`mVeoVH$è`m§Zm ñdmañ` Zmhr ho {gÕ H$aÊ`mgmR>r, BVa amÁ`m§V ZdrZ dmUm§À`mà`moJm§Zm {damoY hmoV Agbm Var ‘hmamï´>mVbo eoVH$ar ZdrZ dmUm§Mo à`moJAmnë`m eoVr‘Üò H$ê$Z Ë`mVbo ’$m`Xo VmoQ>o nS>VmiyZ nmhVrb.

({XZm§H$ 16 OyZ 1999 amoOr nwUo òWo eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m`©H$m[aUrÀ`m

~¡R>H$sg‘moa lr. eaX Omoer `m§Zr Ho$boë`m ^mfUmVrb V§ÌkmZ{df`H$ ^mJmMo eãXm§H$Z.

eoVH$ar g§KQ>H$, 6 Owb¡ 1999)

~mo§S>Airbm à{VH$ma H$aUmMm JwUY‘© `m dmUmV òVmo Vmo KQ>H$ gmÜ`mH$mngmÀ`m {~`mUmÀ`m OZwH$m‘Üò Ë`mVrb g§~§{YV KQ>H$mEodOr KmbyZZdrZ {~`mUo {dH${gV Ho$bo. ho {~`mUo Ago V`ma Pmbo H$s Ë`mnmgyZ V`mahmoUmè`m amonm§Mr nmZoM ~m|S>Airbm ‘maH$ R>aVmV Am{U n[aUm‘r ’$maerAm¡fYo ’$dmamdr Z bmJVmM nrH$g§ajU hmoVo.

‘r OmJ{VH$ H¥$fr g§KQ>ZoÀ`m MMm©gÌmbm Jobmo hmoVmo VoWo XmoZ Zmoo~obnm[aVmo{fH$ {dOoVo emók hOa hmoVo. Ë`m§Zr O¡{dH$ V§ÌkmZmMo Oo ^mdr {MÌg‘moa R>odbo Ë`mdê$Z Ago {XgVo H$s OZwH$m§Vrb Aem VèhoÀ`m ~Xbm§À`mgmhmæ`mZo eoVH$è`m§À`m hmVr {~`mUr òD$ bmJbr Va gÜ`mMr ~arMerH$maImZXmar AZmdí`H$ R>aob. H$maU, dmUm§Vë`m O¡{dH$ ~XbmZo AmOÀ`mH$maImZXmar ‘mbm§Mr Cn`wº$Vm WoQ> eoVrCËnmXZmVM {Z‘m©U hmoD$ eHo$b.òË`m eVH$mV O¡{dH$ emómMr àJVr BVH$s hmoB©b H$s H$moUmhr ‘mUgmbmAmOmanU Kmb{dÊ`mgmR>r S>m°ŠQ>aH$So> OmD$Z Am¡fY KoÊ`mMr JaO amhUmaZmhr, eoVrVyZ {‘iUmao AÞM Ë`mÀ`mnmgyZ amoJm§Zm Xya R>odob.

O¡{dH$emómÀ`m `m Pono‘wio Á`m§Mo {hVg§~§Y YmoŠ`mV Ambo AmhoVË`m§Zr `m emóm{déÕ H$mhr bmoH$m§Zm Cô Ho$bo Amho. ~mobJmS©> `m H$mngmÀ`m~m|S>Air à{VH$maH$ {~`mÊ`m§À`m Am§Y« Am{U H$Zm©Q>H$mVrb àm`mo{JH$eoVrda OmD$Z `m bmoH$m§Zr VoWrb amono CnQy>Z Q>mH$m`bm gwédmV Ho$br; nUVoWrb eoVH$ar OmJê$H$ hmoVo, Ë`m§Zr Xwgè`m {XdgmnmgyZ Amnë`m eoVm§Mog§ajU ñdV… H$am`bm gwédmV Ho$br. XwX¡dmZo, eoVH$è`m§À`m ’$m`ÚmÀ`m `mV§ÌkmZmbm {damoY H$aUmè`m bmoH$m§Zm S>m°. Z§Ow§S>ñdm‘tgma»`m eoVH$ar ZoË`mMoZoV¥Ëd bm^bo Amho.

Amnbr eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMr ^y{‘H$m H$m` Amho? ho Oo H$mhr ZdrZV§ÌkmZ Amho Vo H$Xm{MV ZwH$gmZ H$aUmao Agobhr; Ë`mMo H$mhr dmB©Q>n[aUm‘ AgVrbhr. {damoY H$aUmar ‘§S>ir H$Yr H$Yr AJXr ‘yIm©gmaIm`w{º$dmX H$aVmV. Vo åhUVmV, "~mo§S>Airbm à{VH$ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$nmerÀ`mdmUmVrb OZwH$mVbm EH$ KQ>H$ ~Xbbm Va Ë`mÀ`m g§nH$m©ZogwÕm, ZH$moAgVmZm, Xwgè`m {nH$mÀ`m dmUmV Vmo JwUY‘© OmB©b' Aem VèhoMo AmMaQ>`w{º$dmX H$ê$Z, eoVH$è`m§À`m hmVr Am{W©H$ gÎmm OmÊ`mbm ’$º$ Á`m§Mm{damoY Amho Ë`m§Zr Omo àMma Mmb{dbm Amho. Ë`m§À`m{déÕ Cô amhUo hreoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMr ^y{‘H$m Amho. H$moUVrhr ZdrZ Jmoï> Ambr Voìhm {Vbm


g§VwcZ n{hë`mgmaIo I§~ra am{hcoco Zmhr, ‘Z {dM{cV Pmco Amho `mMo hocjU Amho ho ‘cmhr ‘mÝ` Amho.

eoVH$è`m§Zm gÝ‘mZmZo Am{U gwImZo BVa ZmJ[aH$m§à‘mUo OJVm `mdo `mH$[aVm "eoVr‘mcmcm amñV ^md' `m EH$H$c‘r H$m`©H«$‘mgmR>r ‘r gd©eŠVrZoà`ËZ Ho$cm; OmV, Y‘©, n§W, ^mfm BË`mXr ôXmôX Xya gmê$Z Ho$cm. AJXràm‘m{UH$nUo ~mocm`Mo Pmco Va, AZoH$ doim ñdOmVr` Am{U ñdY‘u``m§À`mda àhma H$ê$Z AÝ`m`M Ho$cm. Á`m nwéf OmVrV OÝ‘cmo Ë`m§À`mhr{déÕ X§S> WmonQ>co.

hmVr H$m` Amco?eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMm EH$H$c‘r H$m`©H«$‘ Am{U Ë`mMr Am{W©H$ ‘r‘m§gm

XoeâÀ`m eoVrVÁkm§Zm Am{U AW©emñÍ`m§Zm ‘mZmdr cmJcr `mV H$mhr dmXZmhr. njmnjm§Mo ZoVo AmO 25 dfmªnyduMr eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMrM mfUo Am{U^mfm dmnaVmV hohr Iao. EdT>oM Zìho Va, Iwë`m ì`mnmamMr ‘m§S>Ur {dO`rPmcr Am{U OmJ{VH$ ì`mnma g§ñWm eoVr‘mcmÀ`m ì`mnmamVhr eoVH$arg§KQ>ZoMr y{‘H$m A§‘cmV AmUy cmJcr. O¡{dH$ V§ÌkmZmMm {damoY H$aUmè`m§Mmgneoc nmS>md Pmcm. O¡{dH$ {~`mÊ`mZo H$nmerÀ`m eoVrMm Moham‘mohamM~XcyZ Q>mH$cm. Am{W©H$ ñdmV§Í`m~amo~a V§ÌkmZmÀ`m ñdmV§Í`mMr nVmH$mamodcr Jocr.

`mCcQ>, 60 Q>ŠŠ`m§da Agcoë`m eoVH$ar g‘mOmV eoVH$arnUmMr Apñ‘VméOcr Zmhr, Ë`m Apñ‘VoZo ‘yiM Yaco Zmhr. "B§{S>`m {déÕ ^maV' hr‘m§S>Ur Z H$aUmam AW©emór AmOH$mc Xw{‘©i Pmcm Amho; nU "^maVm'MrApñ‘Vm hr eoVH$ar g‘mOmV ‘yi Yê$ eH$cr Zmhr. m g§H$ënZoMm MwH$sMmAW© cmdyZ Am{W©H$ g§ajUdmÚm§Zr ~è`mn¡H$s ‘O~yV ~m§YUr Ho$cr.

eoVH$è`m§À`m ‘mcmcm h‘Img ^md {‘idyZ XoÊ`mH$[aVm gd© gaH$mar`§ÌUocm ~mOycm Q>mHy$Z gwna ‘mH}$Q>Mo Omio V`ma H$amdo hm YmS>gr à`moJeoVH$ar g§KQ>Zocm nocdcm Zmhr. gJù`m Xoeâ AmO Aer Omir ngaVAmhoV, èñdr hmoV AmhoV. dm`Xo ~mOmam‘wio eoVH$ar JUH$`§Ì gmjaìhmdoV Am{U Ë`m§Zr `mo½` Vmo ^md {‘idyZ ¿`mdm `m à`moJmcmhr S>mì`mnjm§Zr Iri KmVcr. OmJ{VH$ ‘§Xr d Ë`m‘wio ^maVr` AW©ì`dñWoVAmcocr ‘aJi Am{U hdm‘mZmVrc ~Xcm‘wio ôS>gmdUmao XwîH$mimMo gmdQ>`m§‘wio ehar nJmaXma J«mhH$m§Zm AZwHy$c AgUmar AW©ZrVr nwÝhm EH$Xm

gmoim

AmhþVr goZmnVrMr ‘§Jc hmodmo Vwcm

"eoVH$ar g§KQ>H$'Mm hm A§H$ àH$m{eV hmoB©c Voìhm 74 do df© g§nyZ‘r 75 ì`m dfm©V nXmn©U Ho$ë`mcm VrZ {Xdg hmoD$Z OmVrc. H$m`©H$Ë`mªÀ`mhmVr hm A§H$ nSo>n`ªV 75 ì`m dfm©Vcm ‘mPm n{hcm AmR>dS>m nwam hmoD$ZJocm Agoc.

EH$m d`mZ§Va dmT>{Xdg hm H$mhr AmZ§XmZo gmOam H$aÊ`mMm àg§J amhVZmhr. Am`wî`mMr JmS>r ~è`mn¡H$s CVaUrcm cmJë`mZ§Va, C‘oXrÀ`m dfmªVH$m` KS>co, H$m` Pmco, H$m` Ho$co, H$m` H$am`cm hdo hmoVo `mMm {dMmagmh{OH$M S>moH$mdyZ OmVmo.

nwT>À`m Am`wî`mV H$mhr AmemXm`H$ H$mimMr Anojm Agoc Va AemVèhoÀ`m AmË‘qMVZmMr ’$maer Amdí`H$Vm dmQ>V Zmhr; àJVrÀ`m dmQ>odaAmhmoV Va nydm©`wî`mV Oo Oo H$mhr Pmco Vo `mo½`M hmoVo, {ZXmZ Ë`mV H$mhr’$mago MyH$ ZìhVo Aer g‘OyV ~wÕr Am{U ‘Z AmnmoAmnM H$ê$Z KoVmV.hoM Am`wî` nwÝhm EH$Xm OJm`cm {‘imco Va Am`wî`mÀ`m hmoS>rcm Or Or{Xem nmÊ`mÀ`m àdmhmZo qH$dm dmè`mZo {Xcr Vr Amnë`m gwX¡dmZo AZwHy$cAerM Pmcr Am{U dV©‘mZH$mimVrc m½` Amnë`m H$V¥©ËdmBVHo$M X¡d`moJmZoAm{U {Z`VrZo KS>dyZ AmUco Aer ‘ZmMr ghO g‘OyV hmoVo.

75 ì`m dfm©À`m gwédmVrcm ‘mPr Aer pñWVr Zmhr ho CKS> Amho.AmOVar ‘cm, òUmè`m Cf:H$mcmMr A§YwH$hr N>Q>m nyd©{j{VOmda {XgVZmhr.

eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m gwédmVrÀ`m H$mimV ào‘mÀ`m ‘mUgm§Zm cmWmSy>ZXoeâ {’$acmo. Ë`m§Mo emn ‘cm cmJco H$m H$m` Aer e§H$mhr ‘ZmV òD$ZOmVo. ê$T>mWm©Zo ‘mÂ`mgma»`m ZmpñVH$mcm hr ^mdZm C{MV Zmhr. ‘mZ{gH$


‘mPm OÝ‘ eoVH$ar Hw$Qw>§~mVcm Zmhr. {ZXmZ nmM {nT>çmVar ‘mÂ`mHw$Qw>§~mV H$moUr eoVr Ho$cr Zmhr. ""eoVH$è`m§{df`r H$éUm^md CnOyZ g§`wŠVamï´>g§KmMr gwImgrZ ZmoH$ar gmoSy>Z ho qhXwñWmZmV Amco.'' Ago H$moUr{dYmZ Ho$co Va Vo ‘r VËnaVoZo ImoSy>Z H$mT>rV Ago. ""g§`wŠV amï´>g§KmVna‘moƒ nXmn`ªV ~T>Vr Pmcr AgVr Var Ë`mnojm g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m‘mV

"Xm[aÐçXw:IAn‘mZhr àmá Pmco,H$mamJ¥hr gVV dmg H$ar Oar ‘r'Var Ë`mV ‘cm A{YH$ gmW©H$Vm dmQ>oc'' Ago ‘r AZoH$doim åhQ>co

Amho.""Zohê$àUrV g‘mOdmXmÀ`m H$mimV gd©©M CÚmoOH$m§da AÝ`m` Pmcm;

nU Ë`m gdmªV ^`mZH$ Owcy‘ eoVH$è`m§Zm ghZ H$amdm cmJcm åhUyZ ‘reoVH$è`m§À`m ~mOyZo Cô amhm`Mo R>adco.'' hohr ‘r dma§dma ~moccmo Amho.

""eoV‘OwarMo Xa eoVr‘mcmÀ`m ^mdmnojm A{YH$ JVrZo dmT>VmV `mMr‘cm ImÌr Amho; nU, eoVH$è`m§Zr eoV‘Owam§Zm {H$‘mZ XamZohr ‘Owar XoÊ`mVIiIi Ho$cr Va ‘r eoV‘Owam§À`m ~mOyZo eoVH$è`m§{déÕ cT>Ê`mg C^mamhrZ,'' Ago ‘r gwédmVrnmgyZ ñnï> Ho$co Amho.

WmoS>Š`mV, ‘r OmUrdnyd©H$ eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmMo joÌ {ZdS>co; BVa~hþVoH$ ZoË`m§à‘mUo OÝ‘mÀ`m AnKmVmZo qH$dm n[apñWVrÀ`m aoQ>çmZo S>moŠ`mdanS>coco H$m`©joÌ Amnco åhQ>co Zmhr `mMmhr ‘cm A{^‘mZ Amho.

‘mÂ`m{df`r {c{hVmZm H¡$. AaqdX dm‘Z Hw$iH$Uu `m§Zr EH$m Jmoï>rMmAmdOy©Z C„oI Ho$cm Amho. ‘mÂ`m {dMmamV lo` åhUyZ ‘r Ý`m`, gwI, em§VrAer mddmMH$ Zm‘o dmnarV Zmhr. ho Hw$iH$Uu m§Zr AmdOy©Z ‘m§S>co hmooVo.Aem JwUdmMH$ eãXm§nojm g§»`mdmMH$ loò R>odUo ‘mÂ`m àH¥$Vrcm A{YH$^mdUmao Amho. gd© lo`m§V "ñdmV§Í`' hr g§H$ënZm g§»`mdmMH$ Amho. {VMrì`m»`m H$aVmZm ‘r ñdmV§Í`mÀ`m doJdoJù`m Am{U MT>Ë`m H$jm§Mr g§H$ënZm‘m§S>cr Amho.

àËòH$ ì`ŠVrÀ`m Om{Udm§Mrhr ‘r g§»`mË‘H$ ì`m»`m Ho$cr Amho. Ë`mOm{Udm§À`m AmYmao A°S‘ pñ‘WÀ`m "Invisible Hand' Mo {dícofUH$ê$Z ~mOmanoR>oMo AÜ`mË‘ CH$cÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Amho. Ë`mM AmYmaoZoV¥ËdJwUmMo AÜ`mË‘hr VnmgyZ nm{hco Amho.

75 dfmªMo g‘mcmoMZ H$aVmZm ‘mÂ`m `m AmZ§X`mÌoMm AmR>d H$‘r

"Am‘ AmX‘r' AW©emómÀ`m ZmdmImcr am~dcr OmV Amho EdT>oM Zìho VaVr AË`§V cmoH${à` hmoV Amho. "Am‘ AmX‘r'dmX {ZdS>UwH$m qOH$Ê`mMohþH$‘r gmYZ Pmco Amho.

Á`m eoVH$ar g‘mOmÀ`m hmVr amñVm amoH$mo, aoc amoH$mo, {R>æ`m AerAm§XmocZmMr AZoH$ gmYZo XoD$Z cT>Ê`mg CÚwŠV H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm;Ë`m g‘mOmVrc eoVH$è`m§Zr Joë`m 25 dfmªV XaamoO drg Vo VrgÀ`m g§»òZoAmË‘hË`m Ho$ë`m.

eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m "Z¡{VH$ Xe©Zm'V CÚmoOH$Vocm ‘moR>o ñWmZ Amho.1991 Z§VaÀ`m Iwë`m AW©ì`dñWoÀ`m H$mimV Xoer CÚmoOH$m§Zr ‘moR>r amar‘macr. nU, Vmn‘mZdmT>, hdm‘mZmVrc ~Xc `m§‘wio gd© CÚmoOH$VodaM‘moR>o Amjon CR>V AmhoV. CÚmoOH$VoZoM KmV Ho$cm, CÚmoOH$VoZoM n¥Ïdr~wS>m`cm Amcr Aem n`m©daUdmXr {dMmamcmhr OmJ{VH$ ‘mÝ`Vm {‘iVoAmho.

~m`~cÀ`m "OwÝ`m H$amam'Vrc OJmÀ`m {Z{‘©Vrg§§~§Yr ‘m§S>coë`m{gÕm§VmÀ`m AmYmamZo n`m©daUdmXr à{V^m, g§emoYZ Am{U YmS>g m JwUm§Zm‘hmnmn ‘mZy cmJco AmhoV.

Am{W©H$ ‘§Xr hQ>{dÊ`mH$[aVm nwéfmWm©cm AmdmhZ H$aÊ`mEodOrA§Ë`moX`mÀ`m H$éUmdmXmcm Omonmgco OmV Amho.

Or H$m` WmoS>r’$ma df} OJm`cm {‘ioc Ë`m H$mimV JwUdÎmm Am{UnwéfmW© gm§JUmam {dMma nwT>o òÊ`mMr H$mhrhr eŠ`Vm {XgV Zmhr.

AcrH$So> ‘hmamï´>mÀ`m nÞmgmì`m dYm©nZ{XZm{Z{‘Îm EH$m ‘mÝ`da dm{hZrZoAm`mo{OV Ho$coë`m EH$m H$m`©H«$‘mV EH$m à{WVè g§nmXH$m§Zr 1980gmcmÀ`m H$mimMm C„oI H$aVmZm Ë`mdoir XoemMm n{hcm eoVH$ar n§VàYmZeaX OmoerM hmoVrc Aer gd©Xya ^mdZm Agë`mMr AmR>dU Ho$cr hmoVr.1980 gmcmnmgyZ eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m ~m§YUr‘Ü o, H$m ©H«$‘m§V qH$dm {dMmamVAem H$m` MwH$m Pmë`m H$s AmOMr {ZamemOZH$ n[apñWVr V`ma ìhmdr`mMm 75 ì`m dfm©V nXmn©U Ho$ë`mÀ`m {Z{‘ÎmmZo D$hmnmoh H$aÊ`mMo `mo{OcoAmho.

Joë`m 74 dfmªVrc eodQ>Mr 32 df} pñdËPcªS>hÿZ naV Amë`mZ§VaqhXwñWmZmV Jocr. Ë`m§Vrc Odinmg 30 df} eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm Am{U eoVH$arAm§XmocZ `m§V Jocr.


Am§XmocZ

hmoVmo. H$mcI§S>mÀ`m OdinUm‘wio eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmÀ`m èmnèmÀ`mAmYmaoM ‘r ‘mÂ`m Am`wî`mMo ‘yë`‘mnZ H$ê$ cmJVmo. eoVH$ar Am§XmocZ‘mÂ`m X¥ï>rZo EH$ g§X^©aofm hmoVr. eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm gwê$ H$aÊ`mAmYr ‘mPo Oo{dMma{dœ hmoVo Ë`mcm g§KQ>Zo‘wio àM§S> ì`mnH$Vm Amcr, nwîH$iem g§H$ënZmñnï> Pmë`m. ho g§KQ>ZoMo F$U ‘mÝ` Ho$coM nm{hOo; nU eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmMoAnè ho ’$ma Va ‘mÂ`m Am`wî`mÀ`m EH$m H$mcI§S>mVrc à`moJmMo Anè‘mZUo `mo½` hmoB©c. eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmZ§Vahr ‘mPr AmZ§X`mÌm MmcyMamhUma Amho.

pñdËPcªS> gmoSy>Z òWo òVmZm VoWrc AZoH$ ghH$mè`m§Mr ‘Zo XwIdmdrcmJcr, VwS>dmdr cmJcr. `mnwT>À`m ‘mÂ`m ‘mJ©H«$‘UoV hmhr XmhH$ AZw^dnwÝhm EH$Xm ¿`mdm cmJoc. hr {Z`Vr ZmH$maUo ‘mÂ`m hmVr Zmhr Am{UH$moUmÀ`mM hmVr Zmhr.



~Zcm Am{U Iù¶mV YmÝ¶mMr amg C^r H$ê$ cmJcm Ë¶m {XderM cwQ>mê§$MoS>moio Ë¶mÀ¶mH$S>o dico Am{U Ë¶mÀ¶m Jwcm‘rcm gwédmV Pmcr. cwQ>mê$ amOo~Zco, ‘hmamOo ~Zco. {ZgJ©XodVm§Mm YmH$ XmI{dUmao ^Q>{^úmwH$ ^m‘Q>oY‘m©{YH$mar ~Zco. OI‘r Pmcoë¶m OZmdamcm MmoMr ‘maÊ¶mgmR>r O‘rZXma,gmdH$ma, ì¶mnmar, ZmoH$aXma Aem H$mdù¶m§Mr ’$m¡O CR>cr. Xoer amOm§ZrcwQ>co, ‘wgc‘mZ AmH«$‘H$m§Zr N>ico, Jmoè¶m B§J«OmZo {niyZ {MnmS> Ho$coAm{U Ë¶m§À¶mZ§Va Amcoë¶m H$mù¶m B§J«OmZo Va X¶m‘m¶oMm cdcoehrR>odcm Zmhr. gwcVmZm§Mo Vwé§J, Y‘m©Mo Vwé§J, gm‘«mÁ¶dmÚm§Mo Vwé§J,B§{S>¶mdmÚm§Mo Vwé§J. hOmamo df} eoVH$ar EH$m Vwé§JmVyZ Xþgè¶m Vwé§JmV OmVam{hcm. hOmamo df} Vmo Jwcm‘M am{hcm. ~oS>çm VmoSy>Z Q>mH$Ê¶mMo Ë¶mMo gmaoà¶ËZ {Zî’$i R>aco. hOmamo df} H$moUmcm Z noccoco eoVH$è¶m§À¶m ñdmV§Í¶mMo{edYZwî¶ hmVr KoÊ¶mMm {dS>m CMccm Vmo Xhm df} d`mÀ¶m eoVH$arg§KQ>ZoZo. hOmamo ‘¡c A§Vamda, BH$S>o {VH$S>o {dIwacocr cmImo IoS>r. Ë¶m§Vdgcoco AÜ¶m© AãOmhÿZ OmñV eoVH$ar. Q>o{c’$moZgmaIr gmYZo OdiOdiZmhrV. ao{S>Amo, XÿaXe©Z, àdmgmMr hdmB© gmYZo gJirM {damoYH$m§À¶mhmVr. AJXr dV©‘mZnÌogwÕm eoVH$è¶m§Zm Z nocdUmao hË¶ma. EH$m JmdmVyZXþgè¶m JmdmV Om¶cm gS>H$gwÕm Zmhr. Jmdmn¶ªV nmohmoMco Var ^mfmdoJù¶m, OmVr doJù¶m, Y‘© doJio, O‘rZ doJir, hdm doJir, eoVrdoJir, {nHo$ doJir. XmoZ eoVH$è¶m§Zm EH$‘oH$m§Mr gwIXþ:Io gm§Jm¶cmg‘mZ ^mfmgwÕm Zmhr. àË¶oH$mcm g§Ü¶mH$miÀ¶m ^mH$arMrM qMVm OmiVoAmho. ß¶m¶cm nmUr H$mogmH$mogmdê$Z AmUm¶Mo Amho ¶m {dMmamMrM YmñVrAmho. Omo COmS>Vmo qH$dm Zmhr ¶m~ÔcM e§H$m Amho Ë¶m CÚmMm {dMmaH$aUmam {daim Am{U AmOÀ¶m ^mH$arMm nmR>cm gmoSy>Z Kam~mhoa nS>UmamË¶mhÿZhr Xþ{‘©i. Varhr 10 dfmªV g§KQ>ZoZo EH$ M‘ËH$ma KS>dyZ XmI{dcmAm{U Zm§XoS> A{YdoeZmV ñdmV§Í¶cT>çmMo aUqeJ ’w§$H$co.

ñdmV§Í¶cT>çmMo V§Ì H$m¶? eoVH$è¶m§Mr cyQ Wm§~{dUo hm EH$‘od ‘mJ©.20 ì¶m eVH$mÀ¶m CÎmamYm©V cyQ> Wm§~{dUo ¶mMm AW© eoVr‘mcmcm ^md{‘i{dUo. ñdmV§Í¶¶wÕmÀ¶m dfu eoVr‘mcmÀ¶m ^mdmMm cT>m hm H$moÊ¶m EH$m{nH$mÀ¶m ^mdmMm cT>m hmoD$ eH$VM ZìhVm. dfm©Zwdf} eoVr VmoQ>çmVam{hë¶mZo ¶oWyZ VoWyZ gJim eoVH$ar H$O©~mOmar Pmcocm. gJù¶m eoVH$è¶m§daeVH$mZweVHo$ Pmcoë¶m ¶m AÝ¶m¶mMm {damoY H$aÊ¶mMo gmYZ R>aco H$O©‘wº$s.

gVam

Zì¶m ndm©Mr Zm§Xr

‘mM© 1989, Zm§XoS> A{YdoeZmV eoVH$è¶m§À¶m ñdmV§Í¶dfm©Mr KmofUmPmcr. Ë¶mcm AmVm 14 ‘{hZo hmoD$Z Joco. eoVH$è¶m§À¶m ñdmV§Í¶dfm©Mr’$clwVr H$m¶? eoVH$ar ñdV§Ì Pmcm H$m¶? Ë¶mÀ¶m Vwé§JmMo XadmOo {ZXmZWmoS>o’$ma Var {Ii{Iio Pmco qH$dm ZmhrV? 14 ‘{hÝ¶m§V Oo Oo H$mhr KS>coqH$dm KS>co Zmhr Ë¶mMo lo¶ H$moUmcm Am{U H$emcm qH$dm Xmof H$moUmcmAm{U H$emcm? S>m|JamMr {~H$Q> dmQ> MT>VmZm ‘YyZ ‘YyZ Wm§~yZ, nwT>o ‘mJo,daImcr nmhÿZ Aer g‘rúmm H$aUo Amdí¶H$ AgVo. g§KQ>ZoÀ¶m Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZhrAer g‘rúmm H$aÊ¶mMr doi ¶oD$Z R>oncr Amho.

eoVH$è¶m§Zm ñdmV§Í¶ {‘idyZ Úm¶Mo åhUOo H$m¶, ¶mMr ñnï> H$ënZmZm§XoS> A{YdoeZmV dma§dma ‘m§S>cr Jocr hmoVr. eoVH$ar Jwcm‘ Amho, ~§XremioVAmho. XadmOmMo Hw$cyn S>moù¶m§Zm {XgV Agmo dm Zgmo, hmVmnm¶m§Vrc ~oS>çmIiIiV AgmoV dm ZgmoV, eoVH$ar ñdV§Ì Zmhr. Jwcm‘{JarMo cúmUH$m¶? Vwé§J H$gm AmoiImdm? AmVrc cmoH$m§Zm ~mhoa Om¶Mr BÀN>m Amho;nU OmVm ¶oV Zmhr Am{U ~mhoaMm H$moUrhr AmnIwerZo AmV ¶oD$ BpÀN>VZmhr Aer n[apñWVr Agcr {VWo Vwé§J Amho Ago g‘Omdo; q^Vr AgmoV dmZgmoV, JOmMo XadmOo {XgmoV dm Z {XgmoV, hmVmnm¶m§V gmIù¶m H$mMmoV dmZm H$mMmoV. Aem {R>H$mUr Vwé§J Amho Am{U Ë¶mVrc {Zdmgr Jwcm‘ AmhoVAgo g‘Oco nm{hOo. "eoVH$è¶mcm BVa ZmJ[aH$m§à‘mUo gÝ‘mZmZo OJVm¶mdo' ho g§KQ>ZoÀ¶m nmB©H$m§À¶m enWoVrc ~«rXdm³¶ Amho. eoVH$è¶mcm‘mUgmà‘mUo OJVm ¶mdo Aer n[apñWVr V¶ma H$aÊ¶mgmR>r à¶ËZm§Mr naH$mð>mH$aÊ¶mMo df© åhUOo eoVH$è¶m§Mo ñdmV§Í¶df©.

eoVH$ar H$YrVar ñdV§Ì hmoB©c ho e³¶ Amho H$m¶? ‘mUyg eoVH$ar


Pmcm Amho. eham-ehamV, Jmdm-JmdmV A‘mZwf H«$m¡¶m©Mo Am{U Jw§S>{JarMoàH$ma gam©g KS>V AmhoV. ¶m n[apñWVrV Zì¶m gÎmmYmè¶m§~Ôc cmoH$m§À¶m‘ZmV EH$ ghmZw^yVrhr V¶ma Pmcr Amho. gd©gm‘mÝ¶ eoVH$ar AmO añË¶mdaCVam¶cm V¶ma Zmhr. ñdmV§Í¶¶wÕmÀ¶m Anwè¶m am{hcoë¶m C{Ôï>m§gmR>r Am§XmocZMAmdí¶H$ Agoc Va AmO Var eoVH$ar Ë¶mgmR>r V¶ma {XgV Zmhr.

Joë¶m Xhm dfmª‘Ü¶o g§KQ>ZoZo Oo H$mhr {‘i{dco Vo IamoIa Acm¡{H$H$M.ñdmV§Í¶dfm©À¶m H$mimV ’$ma H$mhr H$amdo cmJco Zmhr Am{U VarXoIrcOdiOdi 4000 H$moQ>r én¶m§Mr H$O©‘wº$s Am{U OdiOdi {VV³¶mMaH$‘oMr dmT>rd mdmÀ¶m ê$nmZo CËnÞmV dmT> hr H$mhr WmoS>r ‘Oc Zìho; nU¶mnoúmm nwîH$i OmñV àmá H$aÊ¶mMr g§Yr Amnë¶mg‘moa B{VhmgmZo AmUyZR>odcr hmoVr {VMm nwaonya ’$m¶Xm AmnU KoD$ eH$cmo Zmhr hr Jmoï> Iar.

‘hmamï´>mVrc g§KQ>ZoMm nmB©H$ Am{U g§KQ>Zm H$moR>o H$‘r nS>cr?EH$ gmYr gai {XgUmar H$‘Omoar. ¶m~Ôc H$mhr dmX{ddmX hmoD$ Z¶o.

eoVH$ar {VVwH$m EH$ EH$ Ago AmnU åhQ>co, H$mhr àg§Jr g§KQ>Zm Om{VY‘m©À¶mH$ënZm§da ‘mV H$ê$Z AW©dmXr ^y{‘H$m KoD$ eH$Vo ho g§KQ>ZoZo XmIdyZ {XcoAmho. N>moQ>o ‘moR>o eoVH$ar hm ôX AmnU ‘mZV Zmhr hohr AmJ«hmZo AmnUgm§JV Amcmo AmhmoV; nU OmVr¶dmX Am{U Y‘©dmX ¶m§À¶m à^mdmVyZgd©gmYmaU eoVH$ar nmB©H$ gwQ>cm Amho Ago H$mhr {XgV Zmhr. eoVH$arg§KQ>ZoZo A¶moÜ¶m ‘§{Xam{df¶r qH$dm OmVr¶dmXr númm§{df¶r KoVcocr y{‘H$mAZoH$ H$m¶©H$Ë¶mªZm Iao åhQ>co Va nMcr ZìhVr. eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ¶m^y{‘Ho$cm CKS> {damoY H$moUmM nmB©H$mZo Ho$cm Zmhr; nU H$mhr OUm§Zrg§KQ>ZoÀ¶m H$m¶©H«$‘m§VyZ A§J H$mTy>Z KoVco, H$mhtZr {ZXmZ ‘VXmZ H$aVmZmAmnë¶m nyd©g§ñH$m[aV àd¥ÎmtZm ‘moH$ir dmQ> H$ê$Z {Xcr. nU {Zð>oZo OmVr¶dmXd Y‘©dmX ¶m§À¶m{déÕ C o amhÊ¶mMr ‘mZ{gH$ VmH$X ’$ma WmoS>çm eoVH$è¶m§ZrAm{U nmB©H$m§Zr XmI{dcr.

eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMr amOH$s¶ ^y{‘H$mhr ~hþg§»¶ nmB©H$m§ZmM Zìho Vag§KQ>ZoÀ¶m {~ZrÀ¶m H$m¶©H$Ë¶mªZmgwÕm nMm¶cm OS> Jocr. g§KQ>Zm J¡aamOH$s¶Amho, gd©M amOH$s¶ núm Mmoa AmhoV, N>moQ>m Mmoa Am{U ‘moR>m Mmoa ¶m§Vrcg‘Vmoc gmYUo ho g§KQ>ZoMo amOH$maU Amho hr dm³¶o AZoH$Xm KmoH$cr Jocr;nU àË¶oH$mÀ¶m ‘ZmV Ë¶mMm EH$ cmS>H$m amOH$s¶ núm AgVmo. g§KQ>ZoMoYmoaU Ë¶m Ë¶m cmS>³¶m númmg gmo¶rñH$a d nmofH$ Agon¶ªV g§KQ>ZoMr dmhdm

H$O©‘wº$s, eoVr‘mcmMm ^md hr à‘wI AmKmS>r; nU ¶m cT>mB©V qOH$m¶MoAgoc Va S>mì¶m COì¶m ~JcoV, {nN>mS>rhÿZ h„o hmoUma ZmhrV ¶mMr XúmVmKoUo {VVHo$M ‘hÎdmMo. Zm§XoS> A{YdoeZmV ¶mM H$maUmZo OmVr¶dmÚm§{déÕR>m‘ ^y{‘H$m KoVcr Jocr; ZmoH$aemhrÀ¶m PnmQ>çmZo ngaUmè¶m H°$ÝgaH$S>ocúm doYco Joco; {ó¶m§À¶m OmJ¥VrMm H$m¶©H«$‘ AmIcm Jocm. 1989/90¶m H$mimV gmd©{ÌH$ {ZdS>UwH$m hmoVrc. ¶m amOH$s¶ n[apñWVrMm ’$m¶XmKoD$Z eoVH$è¶mMm Vwé§J ’$moS>m¶Mm hr Zm§XoS>‘Ü¶o R>acocr eoVH$è¶m§À¶mñdmV§Í¶¶wÕmMr aUZrVr.

ñdmV§Í¶dfm©À¶m AIoarcm H$O©‘wº$s Am{U eoVr‘mcmMm ^md ¶m XmoZAmKmS>çm§da hmVr H$m¶ nS>co ¶mÀ¶m {dûcofUmMm WmoS>³¶mV AW© Agm H$s,cmoH$gôÀ¶m {ZdS>UwH$m hmoD$Z Joë¶m, amÁ¶mVhr Zdo emgZ gÎmoda AmcoAm{U ¶oË¶m H$mhr ‘{hÝ¶m§V Var eoVH$è¶m§Mo ‘moR>o Am§XmocZ Cô amhÊ¶mMre³¶Vm {XgV Zmhr. WmoS>³¶mV gÜ¶mVar eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmÀ¶m AmKmS>rdagm‘gy‘M {XgV Amho Am{U hmVmV AYu‘wYu H$O©‘wº$s d eoV‘mcmcm amñV^md {‘iÊ¶mg§~§Yr H$mhr MwQ>nwQ> àJVr gmoS>cr Va eoVH$è¶m§À¶m ñdmV§Í¶mMmgy¶© H$mhr AOyZ ZOaog nS>V Zmhr. H$Xm{MV Vmo CJdcmhr Agoc; nUAmOVar T>JmAmS>M Amho. ¶m nwT>Mr àJVr eoVH$è¶m§À¶m Zì¶m EImÚmì¶mnH$ Am§XmocZmZo hmoB©c H$s eoVH$è¶m§~Ôc WmoS>r’$ma ghmZw^yVr ~miJUmè¶m‘Ü¶dVu d amÁ¶ emgZmÀ¶m gh¶moJmZo hmoB©c ho gm§JUo H$R>rU Amho.

dñVwV: nm{hco Va amOH$s¶ úmoÌmV Omo‘Xma eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmg AJXrAmdí`H$ Aer n[apñWVr V¶ma Pmcr Amho. H$moUË¶mhr amOH$s¶ númmMm~S>oOmd Zgmdm; N>moQ>o Mmoa d ‘moR>o Mmoa ¶m§À¶mV g‘Vmoc Agmdm åhUOoeoVH$ar OZAm§XmocZmcm Amnë¶m VmH$Xrda Amnco h¸$ {‘i{dVm ¶oVrcAgo g§KQ>ZoÀ¶m ì¶mgnrR>mda gmVË¶mZo gm§{JVco Joco. {ZdS>UwH$m§Z§Va AJXrhdr Ver amOH$s¶ g§VwcZmMr n[apñWVr V¶ma Pmcr Amho. ‘w§~B©V amÁ¶H$m±J«ogMo, {X„rV amÁ¶ amï´>r¶ ‘moMm©Mo. XmoÝhr emgZm§Mo ~hþ‘V AJXr OwO~rAm{U H$m‘McmD$. eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmZo CR>m¶Mo R>adco Va ¶mn¡H$s H$moUVohrqH$dm XmoÝhrhr emgZo S>i‘irV hmoVrc, àg§Jr H$moc‘Sy>hr eH$Vrc. amOH$s¶aU^y‘r gmo¶rñH$a Pmcr Amho; nU Am§XmocZmMr hdm ‘mÌ AmOVar V¶maZmhr. gJù¶m XoemV EH$ ^rVrMo Am{U Ame§H$oMo dmVmdaU ngaco Amho.H$mí‘ra, n§Om~, A¶moÜ¶m ¶oWrc KQ>Zm§Zr gd©gm‘mÝ¶ ‘mUyggwÕm qMVmJ«ñV


AnKmVm‘wio Ago åhQ>co Va MyH$ hmoUma Zmhr.XoemÀ¶m a§J‘§Mmda EH$ Zdm A§H$ Mmcy hmoVmo Amho. Ë¶mVyZ H$Xm{MV

eoVH$arM Zìho Va gd© emo{fV OZm§Zm AmemXm¶H$ dmQ>Umar nhmQ>hr {XgyeHo$c; ¶mCcQ>, OmVr¶dmXr Am{U Y‘©dmXr ¶m§À¶m hþHy$‘emhrMr H$mirHw$Å>amÌhr ngê$ eHo$c. eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmcm ¶mVyZ dmQ> H$mT>m¶Mr Agoc VaJoë¶m Xhm dfmªÀ¶m dmQ>MmcrMo naIS> Am{U àm‘m{UH$ AmË‘{dûcofUAmdí¶H$ Amho. ZdrZ ’$m¡Om C^mamì¶m cmJVrc. Zì¶m VmÁ¶m X‘mMo ZoV¥Ëdgd© nmVù¶m§da C^o ìhmdo cmJoc.


Ho$cr OmVo. n[apñWVrZwgma Ë¶m númmcm ~moMoc Ago H$mhr g§KQ>Zog H$amdocmJco H$s VrM ‘mUgo g§KQ>ZoÀ¶m {déÕ hmH$mQ>r H$ê$ cmJVmV. 1989Am{U 90 À¶m {ZdS>UwH$m§V g§KQ>Zm {H$Vr Iè¶m AWm©Zo amOH$maUmV {Zc}nAmho ho {XgyZ Amco. nU amOH$s¶ númm§Mr OdirH$ hr Am§XmocZmÀ¶mgmo¶rgdS>rZwgma R>am¶Mr AgVo ho gyÌ nM{dUo ~hþVoH$m§Zm ’$ma OS> Joco.

g§KQ>ZoMo H$m¶©H$V} ’$ma ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda WH$co AmhoV ho ‘mÝ¶ H$aÊ¶mVH$‘rnUm H$moUVmhr Zmhr. ‘. Jm§YtZr ‘moR>r Am§XmocZo 10 dfmªÀ¶m A§VamA§VamZo Ho$cr. nmo{cgm§Mr cmR>r Am{U ~§XÿH$ ¶m§Mo W¡‘mZ S>moù¶m§Zr EH$Xmnm{hco H$s Ë¶mZ§Va nwÝhm ‘moH$ù¶m hmVmZo gË¶mJ«hmgmR>r Om¶cm ‘Z ghgmV¶ma hmoV Zmhr. g§KQ>ZoÀ¶m gd© àgmamMm Am{U ì¶mnmMm emar[aH$ Am{UAm{W©H$ ~moOm 10 df} H$m¶©H$Ë¶mªZr gVV ghZ Ho$cm. H$m¶©H$V} ñdmV§Í¶¶wÕmÀ¶mC§~aR>çmdaM WH$co ^mJcoco hmoVo hr Jmoï> Iar.

Zm§XoS>À¶m H$m¶©H«$‘mg {‘imcocm n«{VgmX Iè¶m AWm©Zo nm{hco VaAJXr VwQ>nw§Om hmoVm. OmVr¶dmÚm§Zm Jmd~§Xr H$aÊ¶mÀ¶m nmQ>çm {H$Vr Jmdm§dacmJë¶m? Xmê$Mr XþH$mZo ~§X H$aÊ¶mMo gË¶mJ«h AZoH$ {R>H$mUr Pmco; nU‘hmamï´>mV Ë¶mMo dmXi ~Zco Zmhr. {Oëhm n[afXm H$m~rO H$aUo ¶mgmaImH$m¶©H«$‘ ‘{hcm AmKmS>rÀ¶m Am§XmocZmgmR>r H$am¶Mm gamd åhUyZ R>rH$Pmcm; nU cmoH$m§Mr Pmon ImS>²H$Z ‘moSy>Z Q>mH$Ê¶mgmaIo ñdê$n Ë¶mcm ¶oD$eH$co Zmhr. ZmoH$aXmam§À¶m «ï>mMmam{déÕMo Am§XmocZ Iao åhQ>co Va H$am¶cmgmono, Vm~S>Vmo~ hmVr ’$m¶Xm nSy>Z XoUmao Ago ‘moR>o à{V^memcr ñdê$nmMoAm§XmocZ; nU àË¶úmmV Vo hmVmÀ¶m ~moQ>m§da ‘moOÊ¶mBV³¶mM {R>H$mUr nmanS>co. H$O©‘wº$sÀ¶m AOmªMr g§»¶m {H$Vr ¶mMm JdJdm Xoe^a Pmcm; nUAm§XmocZmÀ¶m ¶epñdVogmR>r AOmªMr Or {H$‘mZ g§»¶m R>acr hmoVr Ë¶mÀ¶mOdinmghr AmnU àË¶úmmV nmohmoMcmo Zmhr ho CKS> Amho. H$O©‘wº$s hdrAgoc, eoVr‘mcmcm ^md hdm Agoc Va OmVr¶dmÚm§Zm EH$ ‘V XoD$ ZH$m;H$O©‘wº$sgmR>r Am{U eoVr‘mcmÀ¶m ^mdmÀ¶m ‘mJUrgmR>r ‘cm VmR> ‘mZoZo{X„rcm Om¶cm {‘iy Úm Ago AmdmhZ ‘r {dYmZg^m {ZdS>UwH$m§AmYreoH$S>mo g^m§VyZ Ho$co. àË¶úmmV ¶m AmdmhZmcm Omo à{VgmX {‘imcm Vmonm{hcm Va hmVr nS>coco H$O©‘wº$s Am{U amñV ^md ¶m~m~VMo VmoS>Ho$‘moS>Ho$¶egwÕm ‘moR>o AX²^yV dmQy> cmJVo. Oo hmVr nS>co Vo Am§XmocZmÀ¶m à¶mgmZoZìho, A§{JH$macoë¶m H$ï>m§‘wio Zìho Va gm‘m{OH$ d amOH$s¶ n[apñWVrÀ¶m


Á¶m§Zm g‘Ocr Amho Aer OmUVr ‘§S>irgwÕm ""‘hmJmB© ’$ma dmT>cr'' AgoåhUVmV. ehar mJmVë¶m cmoH$m§Zr hr Or H$mhr AmaS>moAmoaS> gwê$ Ho$cr AmhoVr nmhVm ¶mnwT>o H$mhr H$mi Var emgZmMr eoVr‘mcmÀ¶m ^mdmH$S>o {deofcúm XoÊ¶mMr àd¥Îmr amhrc Ago {XgV Zmhr.

ZwH$VoM eoVr‘mcmÀ¶m aã~r h§Jm‘mgmR>r {H$_Vr Omhra Pmë¶m AmhoV.Joë¶m dfu gwédmVrcm 32 Am{U Z§Va 20 Ago EH$X‘ 52 é. JìhmÀ¶mq¹$Q>c‘mJo dmT>dyZ {‘imco. H$Xm{MV H$mhr OUm§Mr Aer Anoúmm PmcrAgoc H$s AmVm Xadfu ^md Mmirg nÞmg én¶m§Zr dmT>dyZ {‘iVrc; nUho H$mhr g§^mì¶ ZìhVo. AmO Or H$mhr dmT> Omhra Pmcr Amho Ë¶m‘wioHw$Umcm H$mhr g‘mYmZ dmQ>co Amho Ago {XgV Zmhr. ¶m ncrH$S>o CgmÀ¶mhrZdrZ {H$_Vr Omhra Pmë¶m AmhoV. ¶m {H$_Vr H¥${f CËnmXZIM© d ‘yë¶Am¶moJmZo Ho$coë¶m {e’$maetnoúmmhr H$‘r nmVirda R>adÊ¶mV Amë¶m AmhoV.Am‘À¶m ñWm¶r H¥$frYmoaU g„mJma g{‘VrZo CgmMm dmhVyH$ IM© Yacm OmVZmhr ho {gÕ H$ê$Z XmIdë¶mZ§VagwÕm CgmÀ¶m {H$‘VrV dmhVyH$ IMm©gmR>rH$mhr a¸$‘ Yamdr Aer emgZmMr V¶mar ZìhVr. H$maU aoeZÀ¶m gmIaoMo Xa{H$cmocm 5 é. 90 n¡em§nmgyZ dmTy>Z 6 é. 25 n¡go Pmco ¶m EH$m JmoîQ>rZoemgZ Km~ê$Z Joco hmoVo. Ë¶m‘wio CgmÀ¶m eoVH$è¶mMo H$m¶ hmoVo Amho ¶mH$S>ocúm Úm¶cm Hw$Umcm H$mhr ’w$agV ZìhVr. H|$Ð emgZmÀ¶mM nmVirda hohmoVo Ago Zmhr. ‘hmamï´> emgZmZo D$g-eoVH$è¶mcm {H$‘mZ amoI a¸$‘ Q>Zmcm275 én¶o Úmdr nU Vr 375 én¶m§noúmmhr OmñV Agy Z¶o Aer AQ> gmIaH$maImÝ¶m§da KmVcr Amho. n§Om~‘Ü¶o ¶mM doir, eH©$am§emMm g§~§Y ZR>odVm CgmMr {H$‘mZ {H$_V à{V Q>Z 407 én¶o R>adÊ¶mV Amcr Amho.cmoH$m§À¶m ‘ZmV g§Vmof Zmhr; nU ¶m Ag§Vmofmcm dmMm H$er H$m¶ ’w$Q>m¶Mr?àíZ CnpñWV hmoVmo Vmo hm H$s ho AmnU H$ê$ eHy$ H$m Amnë¶mnoúmm cT>mD$‘mUgo nwT>o ¶oVrc? Am§XmocZ H$am¶Mo R>adco Va ¶m nwT>À¶m Am§XmocZmMrAmIUr H$er amhrc? ¶mda {dMma H$aÊ¶mAmYr WmoS>r nmœ©^y‘r g‘OmdyZKoVcr nm{hOo.

Joë¶m XrS>-XmoZeo dfmªnmgyZ eoVH$è¶m§Mm Ag§Vmof eoVH$ar Am§XmocZ ¶mñdê$nmV nwT>o Amcm. Ë¶mÀ¶mAmYrMo eoVH$è¶m§Mo CR>md hmoVo, ~§S>o hmoVr.eoVH$è¶m§À¶m CR>md ~§S>m§nmgyZ eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmn¶ªVÀ¶m ‘Yë¶m H$mimV OoPmco Ë¶mcm ~§S> åhUmdo H$s Am§XmocZ åhUmdo ho g‘OV Zmhr. CXmhaUmW©,

AR>am

gÚ:pñWVr Am{U eoVH$ar Am§XmocZ

eoVr‘mcmcm amñV ^md {‘imcm nm{hOo ho ‘mZUmao Am{U eoVH$è¶m§ZmH$O©‘wº$s XoUmao n§VàYmZ nXÀ¶wV Pmco Am{U Ë¶m§À¶mM númmV H$mhrVar~§S>mir hmoD$Z EH$ Zdo n§VàYmZ B§{Xam H$m±J«ogÀ¶m nmqR>ã¶mZo enW{dYrhmoD$Z Ë¶m nXmda Amê$T> Pmco. eoVr‘mcmÀ¶m ^mdmMo H$m‘ H$mhr Pmco AmhoAgo Zmhr. H$O©‘wº$shr gaH$macm ‘hmJmMr; nU eoVH$è¶m§Zm H$mhr ’$m¶ÚmMrZmhr Aem nÕVrZo nma nmS>cr. AmUodmarMr AQ> EH$ dfm©da AmUÊ¶mMm{dMma AgyZ Ë¶m‘wio H$O©‘wº$sMr EHy$U a¸$‘ 9000 H$moQ>r én¶m§da OmB©cAgm A§XmO Amho Ago OwZo AW©‘§Ìr åhUV hmoVo. Ë¶m {ZU©¶mMr AOyZA§‘c~OmdUr gwê$ Pmcocr Zmhr. AmUodmarMr AQ> {e{Wc H$aÊ¶mMo Ë¶m§Zr‘mÝ¶ Ho$co Voìhm Ë¶m§Zm Ago dmQ>V hmooVo H$s ’$ma Va ¶mZo aH$‘oV Mma-nmMeoH$moQ>r én¶m§Mr dmT> hmoB©c. AmVm ZdrZ gaH$ma ho ‘mÝ¶ H$arc qH$dm Zmhr¶m~Ôchr WmoS>r e§H$m {Z‘m©U Pmcr Amho. gJù¶mM {H$_Vr BV³¶m JVrZodmTy> cmJë¶m AmhoV. A§XmOnÌH$mVrc VaVwXr§~m~V V¶ma Pmcocr pñWVr,{deofV: noQ´>mocdaMm dmT>Vm H$a, ‘Ü¶ nyd}H$S>o Mmccocr cT>mB©Mr V¶mar ¶mgd© Jmoï>tMm n[aUm‘ åhUyZ ~mH$sÀ¶m gJù¶m {H$_Vr BV³¶m àM§S> doJmZodmTy> cmJë¶m AmhoV H$s eoVr‘mcmÀ¶m ^mdmÀ¶m ~m~VrV Amnë¶mcm OmoH$mhr {dO¶ {‘imcm Agoc Vmo nma YwD$Z Joë¶mgmaIm Pmcm Amho. Ë¶mnmgyZAmZ§X, g‘mYmZ qH$dm AZwHy$c Am{W©H$ n[aUm‘hr Zmhr Aer pñWVr AmcrAmho. gJù¶m {H$_VrÀ¶m àíZm§da ehar {hVg§~§{Y¶m§Zr e³¶ {VV³¶mOmoamV AmaS>mAmoaS> gwê$ Ho$cr Amho. AJXr H$å¶w{ZñQ> númmMo cmoH$gwÕm""XoemV gJù¶mV J§^ra àíZ H$moUVm?'' Ago {dMmaco Va ""‘hmJmB©Mm''AgoM CÎma XoVrc. eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zoer g§~§{YV Agcocr, eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm


Am§XmocZmÀ¶m ‘w»¶ àdmhm~amo~a eoVH$ar Am§XmocZ OmUo ho BWo Wm§~co.EdT>oM Zìho Va amï´>r¶ àdmh hm ImoQ>m Amho; Vw‘Mo amï´>, Vw‘Mr amï´>r¶ YmoaUohr amï´>r¶ ZìhoV, amï´>Ðmohr AmhoV; Vw‘Mm Xoe doJim {XgVmo, Am‘Mm XoedoJim Amho Ago åhUyZ eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmZo ¶mdoir VWmH${WV amï´>r¶àdmhmnmgyZ ’$maH$V KoVcr. ¶mMo H$maU gmYo gmono hmoVo. EHy$M amOH$s¶g§ñWm, amOH$s¶ núm, amOH$s¶ ZoVo ¶m§À¶m{df¶r cmoH$m§Mm ^«‘{Zamg PmcmhmoVm. hr ‘mUgo Amnë¶mH$[aVm H$mhr H$arV ZmhrV, Ago cmoH$m§Zm dmQy> cmJcohmoVo. gd©M amOH$s¶ à{H«$¶oVyZ eoVH$è¶m§À¶m àíZm§Mr VS> cmJoc Ago H$mhrHw$Umcm {XgV ZìhVo. "nwTy>Z ‘mJyZ OmdB©, ‘wcmMr doi H$YrM Zmhr' VerOr H$mhr m§S>Uo ìhm¶Mr, amOH$s¶ àdmhm‘Ü¶o, Vr H$maImZXma Am{U ì¶mnmar¶m§Mr hmoVrc, "A§~mZr' Am{U "dm{S>¶m' ¶m§Mr hmoVrc; nU eoVrMm àíZË¶mV H$mhr {ZKm¶MmM Zmhr. eoVH$è¶m§Mr Or ‘wco {VWo amOH$maUmV Jocr,ZoVonXr Jocr, ‘w»¶‘§Ìr Pmcr Vr ‘§S>ir eoVH$è¶m§Mr am{hcr ZmhrV hmhrAZw^d Amcm. OmJmoOmJ ghH$mar g§ñWm§‘Ü¶o, {Oëhm nmVirda qH$dm amÁ¶nmVirda Or ‘mUgo Jocr VrgwÕm Amnmnco {Igo âÊ¶mV a‘yZ Jocr. AmVmAmnco Hw$Ur am{hco Zmhr, ¶m ~mH$sÀ¶m B{VhmgmMm Am{U eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmMmH$mhr g§~§Y am{hcm Zmhr. hr n{hcr OmUrd eoVH$è¶m§‘Ü¶o 1980 n¶ªV{Z‘m©U Pmcr.

AmUIr H$m¶ eoVH$è¶m§Zm Q>moMm¶cm cmJc§ ¶mdoir? CËnmXZmMr eº$sânya dmT>dyZgwÕm ’$m¶Xm hmoÊ¶mEodOr Amnë¶mcm OmñVM cwQ>co OmVo ¶mMrOmUrd eoVH$è¶m§V {Z‘m©U Pmcr. Ooìhm Kam‘Ü¶o EH$M Jm¶ R>odV hmoVmo VoìhmWmoS>o Var XyY KamV amhV hmoVo Am{U OodUmImUm‘Ü¶o, {ZXmZ nmoam~mim§À¶m,OmV hmoVo; AmVm H$Om©À¶m XmoZ JmB© qH$dm åher KoVë¶m Am{U XÿY gmogm¶Q>rcmKmcm¶cm gwédmV Ho$ë¶mZ§Va gdmªMo H$ï> dmT>co; nU Kar VodT>ogwÕm XÿY{e„H$ amhrZmgo Pmco Agm AZw^d ¶oD$ cmJcm. Ádmar OmñV {nH$m¶cmcmJcr; nU hmVm‘Ü¶o ¶oUmar Jmoï> EHy$U H$‘r Pmcr hr EH$ ~moM V¶maPmcr. ¶m n[apñWVr‘Ü¶o eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmMr dmT> hmoD$ cmJcr.

hr 1980 Mr Jmoï>. Xoem‘Ü¶o AmUr~mUr ¶oD$Z Jocr hmoVr. åhUOoamOH$s¶ ì¶dñWm T>mgiy cmJcr hmoVr; nU VargwÕm AJXr ~o~§Xemhr‘mOcr ZìhVr. H$m¶Xm ZmdmMr Jmoï> AOyZhr ApñVËdmV hmoVr. H$m¶Xm AgocVa H$m¶Xm^§J H$aVm ¶oVmo. H$m¶XmM Zgoc Va ^§J H$emMm H$am¶Mm? AmO

1862 À¶m gw‘mamg ‘hmamï´>m‘Ü¶o nwUo-ZJa ¶m {Oëøm§‘Ü¶o PmcocmgmdH$mam§{déÕMm CR>md ¶mcm X{úmUoVrc ~§S> åhUmdo H$m Am§XmocZ? eoVH$arEH$Ì ¶oD$Z gmdH$mamÀ¶m Kamcm doT>m Kmcm¶Mo Am{U gm§Jm¶Mo H$s Am‘MoH$O©amoIo OmiyZ Q>mH$m. EH$m gmdH$mamMo ZmH$ H$mnco Joë¶mMm ’$º$ C„oIAmho. Ë¶m ncrH$S>o, Hw$Umcm ‘mahmU Pmcr qH$dm KamVë¶m ‘mUgm§Zm Ìmg{Xcm Ago EH$hr CXmhaU Ë¶mV Pmcoco {XgV Zmhr. V§Q>çm {^„mZo Omo g§Kf©Ho$cm Vo Am{Xdmgr eoVH$è¶m§Mo ~§S> hmoVo. Ë¶mZ§Va gmgdS>cm Pmcm Vmo CR>mdhmoVm.Aem VèhoZo hiyhiy Am§XmocZmH$S>o OmV AgVmZm Ago cúmmV ¶oVo H$seoVH$è¶m§Zr àm‘w»¶mZo M§nmaÊ¶, ~maS>mocr, IoS>m ¶m ^mJm§V g§»¶oMr VmH$Xdmnacr Am{U Ë¶m g§»¶oÀ¶m VmH$Xr~amo~a ‘hmË‘m Jm§YtMo ZoV¥Ëd ¶m Am§XmocZmcm{‘imco. gaXma d„^^mB© nQ>ocm§Mo ZoV¥Ëd Ë¶mcm {‘imco. ¶m‘wio eoVH$è¶m§MoAm§XmocZ n{hë¶m§Xm amï´>r¶ Am§XmocZm~amo~a Owico Joco. V§Q>çm {^„mÀ¶mAm§XmocZmcm Hw$Ur amï´>r¶ Am§XmocZ åhQ>co Zmhr. dmgwXod ~id§V ’$S>³¶m§À¶mAm§XmocZmcm Hw$Ur amï´>r¶ åhQ>co Zmhr. gmgdS>Mo Am§XmocZ, H$mhr eoVH$ar{MS>co Am{U CR>co Ag§ Pmco. eoVH$ar Oo H$mhr ‘mJV hmoVo Ë¶mMm Am{Uamï´>mMm H$mhr g§~§Y Amho Ago Pmco Zmhr. ‘hmË‘m Jm§YtZr eoVH$è¶m§MoAm§XmocZ n{hë¶m§Xm amï´>r¶ n«dmhmV AmUco. Iao Va ho {dYmZ Vgo {dZmoXrAmho. H$maU eoVH$ar Am§XmocZ dOm Ho$ë¶mg Ë¶mdoir Oo H$mhr amï´>r¶Am§XmocZmMo g§ñWmZ Cô hmoVo Ë¶mMo ñdê$n EImÚm {H$aH$moi AmoT>çmBVHo$MhmoVo. åhUOo AmoT>çmcm J§Jm ¶oD$Z {‘imdr Vgo eoVH$ar Am§XmocZ Ë¶m amï´>r¶àdmhmcm ¶oD$Z {‘imco, Ë¶m àdmhmer EH$ê$n Pmco; nU eoVH$ar ~mocVmVVoìhm Hw$Ur EoH$V Zmhr. eoVH$ar aS>Vmo Voìhm gJù¶mMo H$mZ ~§X AgVmVAm{U Vo g§Kf© H$ê$Z CR>co åhUOo ho AMmZH$ Ago H$go Pmco, eoVH$arEH$X‘ H$m CR>co Aer gd©gmYmaU à{V{H«$¶m hmoVo. hr V§Q>çm {^„mÀ¶m doirPmcr, dmgwXod ~id§V ’$S>³¶m§À¶m doirhr Pmcr Am{U MmH$UÀ¶m H$m§XmAm§XmocZmÀ¶m doirhr Pmcr. eoVH$ar EH$X‘ CRy>Z H$m¶ ‘mJy cmJco AmhoVåhUyZ AM§~m ì¶º$ H$aVmV. OUy H$mhr hr ‘§S>ir naJ«hmdê$Z BWo AmcrAmhoV Am{U Ë¶m§Zm H$iV Zmhr H$s BWë¶m eoVH$è¶mMo ho H$m¶ Mmcco Amho!Aem àH$maMo ZmQ>H$ hr ‘§S>ir H$arV AgVmV.

1980 nmgyZ gwê$ Pmcoë¶m eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmV XmoZ ZdrZ Jmoï>r AmhoV.‘hmË‘m Jm§YtnmgyZ gwê$ Pmcocm EH$ ‘hÎdmMm àdmh BWo Wm§~cm. amï´>r¶


Iar VmH$X åhUVm Amcr ZgVr. nU MmH$U ^mJm‘Ü¶o {ZXmZ ^mV CËnmXH$eoVH$è¶m§À¶m ‘XVrZo H$m§Xm Wm§~dVm Amcm Va H$m§ÚmÀ¶m EHy$U ~mOmanoR>odan[aUm‘ KS>dyZ AmUVm ¶oB©c. H$m§Xm {‘ioZmgm hmoB©c, H$m§ÚmMm ^md dmT>oc;Am{U ‘J Vwé§JmÀ¶m ~mhoa ~mOmanoR>oda X~md ¶m XmoZ hË¶mam§Mm EH$mMdoirCn¶moJ H$aÊ¶mMo V§Ì eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo dmnaco. åhUOo gË¶mJ«h Am{U~mOmanoR>oda X~md Aer XmoZ hË¶mao eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo dmnacr. ho CgmÀ¶m~m~VrVhr Iao Amho, XþYmÀ¶m ~m~VrVhr Iao Amho Am{U H$mngmÀ¶m ~m~VrVhrIao Amho.

eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ¶m Am§XmocZmÀ¶m ¶emn¶emMo {dûcofU H$am`Mo Pmco,H$m qOH$cmo H$m hacmo ho Vnmgm¶Mo Pmco Va g§»¶oÀ¶m ~m~VrV eoVH$arg§KQ>Zm ’$ma H$‘r nS>cr Ago {XgV Zmhr; {ZXmZ 1989 n¶ªV Var H$‘r nS>crZmhr. 1989 n¶ªV MyH$ Hw$R>o Pmcr hoM emoYm¶Mo Agoc Va Amncm~mOmanoR>oMm A§XmO MwH$cm Ago cúmmV ¶oVo qH$dm ~mOmanoR>o‘Ü¶ohr H$mhrZdZdrZ n[apñWVr {Z‘m©U Pmcr. gwédmVrcm dmQ>co H$nmerMo CËnmXZ Mm§Jco¶oUma Zmhr nU Z§Va gwYmaco. H$Yr gwédmVrcm dmQ>co H$nmerMo CËnmXZMm§Jco hmoB©c Am{U ^md CVaVrc Ë¶mdoir àË¶úmmV CËnmXZ Mm§Jco PmcoZmhr Am{U åhUyZ ^md dmT>co. Vgo ~mOmanoR> hr H$mhr g‘moa {hemo~ R>odyZg‘OÊ¶mgaIr Jmoï> ZmhrM. Hw$UmMmhr A§XmO {VWo MwHy$ eH$Vmo. Amnco~mOmanoR>o~m~V A§XmO {OWo {OWo MwH$co {VWo {VWo Amnë¶m Am§XmocZmcm Ë¶m‘mZmZo H$‘r ¶e {‘imco.

1989 ‘Ü¶o ‘mÌ n[apñWVr ~Xccocr {XgVo. Iao Va, n[apñWVr 1984nmgyZM ~Xcm¶cm cmJcr; nU Ë¶mMr nyU© OmUrd 1989 ‘Ü¶o Pmcr.1980 Vo 84 ¶m H$mimV gË¶mJh Am{U AW©H$maU ¶m XmoKm§Mr OmoS> XoD$ZAm§XmocZ MmcdVmZm dmnacocm gË¶mJ«hmMm ‘mJ© nwT>§ MmcdU§ AmVm ’$mag§¶wº$ Zmhr, {H$‘mZ g§KQ>Zm Pmë¶mZ§Va AmVm Am{W©H$ X~mdmMm OmñV dmnaHo$cm nm{hOo, Aer OmUrd Pmcr ho naÛr A{YdoeZmV Oo Am§XmocZmMo ‘mJ©R>a{dÊ¶mV Amco Ë¶m§dê$Z ñnï> hmoVo. AÞYmÝ¶ ’$º$ ñdV:nwaVoM {nH$dm,{dH$Ê¶mgmR>r {nH$dy ZH$m; B§{S>¶Z ‘mc-Q´>°³Q>a, daIVo, Am¡fYo dJ¡ao {dH$VKoD$ ZH$m, H$O©’o$S> H$ê$ ZH$m dJ¡ao H$m¶©H«$‘ H$mhr ’$mago ¶eñdr hmoVmZm{XgV Zmhr. CXmhaUmW©, XÿY Am§XmocZ. Ë¶mdoir H$gcmM gË¶mJ«h H$am¶MmZìhVm. ’$º$ Am{W©H$ hË¶ma dmnam¶Mo hmoVo. Hw$Ur añË¶mV ¶m¶Mo Zmhr,

Oa Hw$Ur {~hmagma»¶m amÁ¶mV OmD$Z åhUm¶cm cmJco H$s Amåhr H$m¶Xo^§JH$aUma AmhmoV Va cmoH$ åhUVrc ^§J H$aÊ¶mEodOr EImXm H$m¶Xm nmiUmaAgo H$mhr H$aUma Agmc Va Vo ZdcmMo hmoB©c! H$maU H$moUVmM H$m¶XmH$mhr nmicm OmV Zmhr Aer OdiOdi gÜ¶m pñWVr Amho. ‘hmË‘m Jm§YtZr{Xcoco Am§XmocZmMo V§Ì åhUOo EImXr ‘mJUr nwT>o H$aÊ¶mH$[aVm OmUrdnyd©H$AmË‘³cof ñdrH$maUo. ‘J Vo CnmofUmÀ¶m ‘mJm©Zo Agmo H$s Vwé§JmV OmÊ¶mÀ¶mV¶marZo Agmo. Xþgè¶mda ³coe cmXÊ¶mnoúmm ñdV:da ³coe cmXÿZ KoÊ¶mH$[aVmdmnamd¶mMo doJdoJio ‘mJ© AmhoV. ¶mVrc gË¶mJ«h hm EH$ Amho. AmåhrH$m¶Xm ‘moS>Uma AmhmoV. H$moUVm H$m¶Xm ‘moS>Uma AmhmoV ¶mcm ’$mago ‘hÎdZmhr. Vmo H$m¶Xm ‘moS>UmamZo {ZdS>m¶Mm AgVmo. ‘J Vmo añVm ~§X H$aÊ¶mMmAgmo H$s aoëdo ~§X H$aÊ¶mMm Agmo.

¶mM~amo~a eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo gË¶mJ«hmcm EH$ ZdrZ OmoS> {Xcr. nmMeo‘mUgo añË¶mda ~gdcr, nmM hOma ~gdcr, H$Yr XmoZ cmI ~gdcr.emgZmZo Oa R>adco Va nmMeo ‘mUgo Vwé§JmV Q>mH$Uo Ë¶m§Zm H$mhr H$R>rUOmUma Zmhr; nU Ë¶m H$mir Amåhr eoIrZo åhUm¶Mmo H$s Amåhr Vrg hOmagË¶mJ«hr Vwé§JmV nmR>dco Va ‘hmamîQ´>mVco gJio Vwé§J ^ê$Z OmVrc; Hw$R>oR>odmc BVH$s ‘mUgo? Am{U gaH$macmhr Ë¶mdoir Ë¶mMm YmH$ dmQ>m¶Mm.Varhr gaH$ma 500 ‘mUgo Vwé§JmV S>m§~y eH$Vo, 30,000 hr S>m§~y eH$Vo.Joë¶m ‘{hZmâm‘Ü¶o, gaH$mar AmH$S>odmarZwgma, CÎma àXoe gaH$maZo 1 cmI70 hOma ‘mUgm§Zm Vwé§JmV Q>mH$co. H$magodoÀ¶m Am¶moOH$m§Mo åhUUo hmAmH$S>m gmS>oVrZ cmI Amho. gm§Jm¶Mm ‘wÔm, Ë¶m H$mir emgZmcm 500‘mUgm§ZmgwÕm AQ>H$ H$am¶Mr åhUOo YmH$ dmQ>m¶Mm. Varhr Vo AQ>H$ H$ê$eH$V hmoVo.

Am{U Vwé§JmV Jococr ‘mUgo Oa ZmC‘oX Pmcr Va ‘J eoVH$ar Am§XmocZho XrK© nmVirda Cô amhUma Zmhr Aer e³¶Vm hmoVr. åhUyZ Vwé§JmVJocoë¶m ‘mUgm§À¶m ‘XVrcm Vwé§Jm~mhoa H$mhr VmH$Xr H$m‘ H$arV am{hë¶mnm{hOoV. åhUyZ eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo Am§XmocZmcm AW©H$maUmMr OmoS> {Xcr.H$m§Xm hm {df¶M ‘wim‘Ü¶o AemgmR>r {ZdS>cm H$s, ‘hmamï´>mMo Ë¶mH$miMoH$m§ÚmMo CËnmXZ XoemÀ¶m EHy$U CËnmXZmÀ¶m OdiOdi 40 Q>¸o$ hmoVo. nwUoAm{U Zm{eH$ {Oëøm§V Ë¶mn¡H$s {Zå‘m H$m§Xm {nH$V hmoVm. Ë¶mdoir eoVH$arg§KQ>ZoMr VmH$X Vr {H$Vr? nwUo {OëømVrc Oo‘Vo‘ EH$ VmcwH$m. {Vcm H$mhr


åhUmdoV Va Y‘© Am{U Ë¶m§Mm H$mhr g§~§Y Zmhr Aer ‘§S>ir A¶moÜ¶oMm am‘dJ¡aogmaIr H$m‘o KoD$Z nwT>o ¶oVmV Am{U Vr dmdQ>i g§~§Y ‘hmamï´>mVM ZìhoVa g§~§Y Xoeâ ngaVo Am{U 10 dfmª‘Ü¶o AmnU eoVH$è¶m§‘Ü¶o V¶marHo$cocr Am{W©H$ OmUrd OdiOdi PmH$cr OmVo Ago cúmmV Amco.

eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmMr ZdrZ {Xem R>adVmZm AmVm Am§XmocZmMm EHy$U"B{Vhmg Am{U ^yJmoc' ~Xccm Amho ho cúmmV R>odm¶cm hdo.

1989 À¶m nydu ‘r EH$ dm³¶ AZoH$ g^m§‘Ü¶o dmnarV Ago, "89/90Z§Va gË¶mJ«hmMo hË¶ma Vwåhmcm dmnam¶cm {‘im¶Mo Zmhr.' gË¶mJ«hmMmH$mi g§ncm. H$maU gË¶mJ«hmH$[aVm XmoZ Jmoï>r Agm¶cm hì¶mV Ë¶m Caë¶mZmhrV. H$m¶Xo^§JmH$[aVm {ZXmZ H$m¶Xm nm{hOo Am{U Ë¶m H$m¶ÚmMm ^§JPmcm Va Ë¶m~Ôc WmoS>rVar cmO dmQ>Umao emgZ nm{hOo qH$dm Oa H$m ‘moR>çmà‘mUmda cmoH$m§Zr H$m¶Xm ‘moS>cm Va Amncr gÎmm OmB©c Aer ^rVrAgUmar amÁ¶H$Vu ‘§S>ir nm{hOo. H$m¶Xm Zmhr Am{U Vmo ^§J Pmcm VaË¶m~Ôc cmO dmQ>Umao emgZhr Zmhr. Aer n[apñWVr AgVmZm gË¶mJ«hmMohË¶ma Cô amhÿ eH$V Zmhr Agm ‘mÂ¶m Ë¶m dm³¶mMm AW© hmoVm.

1990 df© nwao ìhm¶À¶m AmVM Amnë¶m S>moù¶m§g‘moa Am§XmocZmMo EH$doJioM {MÌ {XgVo Amho. ‘§S>c Am¶moJmgma»¶m àíZmda Á¶m§À¶m H$mhrVH«$mar AmhoV, ‘mJÊ¶m AmhoV, Á¶m§À¶mda hOmamo df} AÝ¶m¶ PmcoV Ë¶m§ZrZìho Va Á¶m§Zm Jocr hOmamo df} gm‘m{OH$ n[apñWVrMm ’$m¶Xm {‘imcm Ë¶m§ZrHo$coë¶m Ìm½¶mMo ñdê$n åhUyZ OdiOdi XrS>eo VéUm§Zr {X„rV ñdV:cmOmiyZ KoVco. EImÚm CÐoH$mà‘mUo Vo Am§XmocZ da Amco, AmVm Vo em§V hmoD$cmJco Amho Am{U gaH$ma ~Xcë¶m‘wio AmVm Ë¶mMr H$mhr Amdí¶H$VmamhUmahr Zmhr H$Xm{MV; nU EH$m AWm©Zo ¶m N>moQ>çm {df¶mdaMo ho Am§XmocZEH$ gaH$ma nmS>yZ Joco. ho gaH$ma nmS>Ê¶mVcr Or H$mhr ‘hÎdmMr H$maUoAmhoV Ë¶m§‘Ü¶o ‘§S>c Am¶moJmÀ¶m {e’$maerg§~§Yr CR>cocr hr à{V{H«$¶m‘hÎdmMr ^y{‘H$m ~OmdyZ Jocr.

{X„rgma»¶m {R>H$mUr XrS>eo VéUm§Zr ñdV:cm OmiyZ KoUo ¶m‘YyZ EH$gaH$ma nSy> eH$co-cmoH$emhr gaH$ma nSy> eH$co. ‘mJo H$nmerÀ¶m àíZmdaAm§Y« àXoem‘Ü¶o 30 eoVH$è¶m§Zr EÝS´>rZ {nD$Z AmË‘hË¶m Ho$cr; nUH$mngmg§~§Yr YmoaUmV H$mhr ~Xc Pmcm Zmhr. emgZmda n[aUm‘ KS>dyZAmUÊ¶mÀ¶m Ñï>rZo EÝS´>rZ {nD$Z ‘aUmam eoVH$ar Am{U {X„rÀ¶m añË¶mda

Vwé§JmV Om¶Mo Zmhr. ’$º$ XÿY XoD$ ZH$m.Am{W©H$ Am§XmocZmcm An¶e ¶m¶M§ H$maU åhUOo Ë¶mV MwH$manUm

H$am¶cm g§Yr Oam OmñV AgVo. e§H$amÀ¶m Jm^mè¶m‘Ü¶o XÿY ZoD$Z Kmcm¶MoAmho; JmdmVrc gJioM XÿY KmcUma AmhoV Va AmnU ZwgVo nmUr KmVcoVa Vo gJù¶m§À¶m XþYm~amo~a g§nmXÿZ OmB©c Aer ^y{‘H$m ~hþVoH$m§Zr KoVcrVa H$m¶ hmoB©c? añË¶mda ¶oÊ¶mÀ¶m Am§XmocZmV Vgm dmd H$‘r AgVmo. {VWoAmoiIVm ¶oVo, A‘wH$ ‘mUyg Amcm hmoVm. åhUyZ Km~aV Km~aV H$m hmoB©Zm‘mUgo ¶oVmV.

Am{W©H$ Am§XmocZmV ^mJ ¿¶m¶Mm åhQ>co H$s gd© eoVH$ar g‘mOmMrVmH$X cdH$a g§nVo. eoVH$ar g‘Omcm H$mhr Jmoï>tMo dmdS>o AgVo.{ZdS>UwH$snmgyZ Xÿa am{hcoco eoVH$è¶mcm AmdS>V Zmhr. Mma nmM dfmªZrhmoUmar H$a‘UyH$ AgVo, Ë¶mV Hw$UmMm Var O¶O¶H$ma H$arV {’$aco nm{hOoAer EH$ ‘mZ{gH$ Amdí¶H$Vm eoVH$ar g‘mOmMr AgVo. Ë¶mMà‘mUo,Ë¶mcm CnmofU H$aUo PonV Zmhr. EH$mXer, ‘hm{edamÌrMo Cndmg H$aUodoJio; nU H$ï>mMo eara Agë¶mZo CnmofU H$aUo Ë¶mcm PonV Zmhr. Ë¶mMà‘mUo,Am{W©H$ ~Xc KS>dyZ AmUyZ Amncr VmH$X dmnamdr Aer H$mhr ’$maerg§K{Q>V VmH$X eoVH$ar g‘mOmMr Zmhr qH$dm AmnU {Z‘m©U H$ê$ eH$cmoZmhr.

ho 1989 n¶ªVÀ¶m eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmMo WmoS>³¶mV ê$n Pmco.1989 Z§Va eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo XmoZVrZ H$m¶©H«$‘ KoVco. H$O©‘wº$sMm Am{U

Jmd~§XrMm. OmVr¶dmÚm§Zm Jmd~§XrÀ¶m H$m¶©H«$‘mV Am{W©H$ H$mhrM ZìhVo.Var cúmmV Amco H$s AmnU g§»¶o‘Ü¶o H$‘r nS>Vmo AmhmoV. Joë¶m {ZdS>UwH$sVBVHo$ {ZúmyZ gm§{JVco H$s, "Vwåhmcm H$O©‘wº$s {‘idyZ XoÊ¶mM§ ‘mP§ ì¶{º$JVAmœmgZ Amho. Vwåhr ~mH$s ‘wÔçm§H$S>o cúm XoD$ ZH$m. Cô am{hcoë¶m§n¡H$sBV³¶m§Zm {ZdSy>Z Úm.' nU cmoH$m§Zr Á¶m VèhoZo ‘Vo {Xcr Vr nmhVm g§»¶oMrVmH$X H$‘r Pmë¶mMo {XgVo. Varhr Oo H$mhr g¡Ý¶ ‘XVrcm Amco Ë¶m‘wioH$O©‘wº$s~m~V AmVmMo ‘¶m©{XV ¶e Var {‘imco; nU ¶m ‘¶m©{XV ¶emdag‘mYmZ ‘mZmdo cmJco ¶mMo H$maU cmoH$ g§KQ>Zo~amo~a am{hco ZmhrV ho Amho.Iao Va J«m‘rU ^mJm‘Ü¶o H$O©‘wº$s hm ‘hÎdmMm ‘wÔm Agm¶cm hdm hmoVm.cmoH$m§Zm H$O©‘wº$s ZH$mo hmoVr? ‘J Ago H$m KS>co?

{edgoZogmaIr g§ñWm-Á¶mH$S>o H$mhr {dMma Zmhr, qhXy Y‘m©Mo nwañH$V}


{’$aUmè¶m ‘Zwî¶mcm Oa H$m Hw$Ur åhQ>c§ Va Vmo nQ>H$Z añË¶mdaMm XJS>CMcyZ XþH$mZmda ’o$H$m¶cm V¶ma hmoVmo. nU Á¶mMo Ka Amho, eoV Amho VmoåhUVmo Amnco AJXrM H$mhr dmB©Q> Zmhr, ~ao Mmcco Amho. "OJr gd© gwIrAgm H$moU Amho?' Ago g‘mYmZ ‘mZyZ Vmo Ë¶m X§½¶mnmgyZ Xÿa amhm¶Mm à¶ËZH$arV AgVmo. XmoZ ‘{hÝ¶m§nydu Ah‘Xm~mXÀ¶m EH$m g§ñWoZo EH$ A{Ic^maVr¶ Aä¶mg Ho$cm. Ë¶m§Mm {ZîH$f© Agm H$s XmT>rÀ¶m ãcoS>g², gm~U,H$nS>çmÀ¶m {S>Q>OªQ> nmdS>ar, ao{S>Amo, Q>o{cpìhOZ dJ¡ao dñVy§Mr J«m‘rU mJmVrc‘mJUr XoemÀ¶m EHy$U ‘mJUrÀ¶m AmVm 40 Vo 60 Q>¸o$ Amho. nydu Vr 15/20 Q>¸o$gwÕm ZìhVr. EHy$U amï´>r¶ CËßmÞmn¡H$s eoVrMm {hñgm 30 Q>³³¶m§noúmmH$‘r Amho. J«m‘rU ^mJmVrc {~Ja eoVr ì¶dgm¶m§Mo CËnÞ Ë¶mV Yaco Va VoEHy$U 50 Q>¸o$ Amho Ag§ Yê$. Var J«m‘rU ^mJmVrc J«mhH$m§Mr ‘mJUr AmVm40 Vo 60 Q>¸o$ ¶m¶cm cmJcr Amho. EdT>oM Zìho Va gÜ¶m Á¶m ZdZdrZH§$nÝ¶m eoAg© H$mT>VmV Ë¶m ‘mJm©ZogwÕm H$maImÝ¶m§V Jw§VdUyH$ H$aUmam§MrJ«m‘rU ^mJmVë¶m cmoH$m§Mr g§»¶m dmT>V Amho Am{U ‘moR>‘moR>çm H§$nÝ¶mgwÕmAmnco eoAg© ¶m J«m‘rU ^mJmV Inmdo åhUyZ OmUrdnyd©H$ à¶ËZ H$arVAmhoV. ¶mMm EH$ AW© Agm {ZKy eH$Vmo H$s cmoH$m§Mr n[apñWVr H$mhr ’$magwYmacr Amho Ago Zìho; nU nmoQ>mcm Omo H$mhr {M‘Q>m ~gV hmoVm Vmo AmVmH$‘r Pmcm Amho. H$idiyZ CR>mdo Agm {M‘Q>m H$mhr ~gV Zmhr. Xþgam AW©Agm hmoVmo H$s ¶m Am§XmocZmMm Am{W©H$ ’$m¶Xm Á¶m§Zm {‘imcm Ë¶m§Zr AmVmAm§XmocZmV ag ¿¶m¶Mo gmoSy>Z {Xco Amho.

‘J nwT>o Agm àíZ {Z‘m©U hmoVmo H$s {M‘Q>m ~gVmo åhUyZ VH«$ma H$aUmamg‘mO J«m‘rU ^mJmV {e„H$ am{hcm Amho H$m Zmhr? H$m gJù¶m§Mo àíZgwQ>coV? Am§XmocZ H$ê$Z CR>Ê¶mH$[aVm H$moUr V¶ma Amho H$m?

Á¶m AWu, am‘mÀ¶m ZmdmZo H$m hmoB©Zm X§JoYmono H$am¶cm cmoH$ V¶ma hmoVmVË¶m AWu Ag§Vmof Amho ho ‘mZm¶cm OmJm Amho. Ë¶m Ag§Vmofmcm Am{W©H$eãX {‘imco ZmhrV Va Vo Ym{‘©H$ eãX KoVmV, OmVr¶ eãX KoVmV.

Am{W©H$ pñWVr gwYmacr åhUmdr Va Am{W©H$ÑîQ>çm Omo g‘mO da MT>VAgVmo Ë¶m g‘mOm‘Ü¶o Aem VèhoMo gm§àXm{¶H$ X§Jo hmoV ZmhrV; nU VohmoVmV Ë¶mAWu Ag§Vmof Amho. Á¶m§À¶m‘Ü¶o Ag§Vmof Agm¶cm hdm Vr‘mUgo CR>VmZm {XgV ZmhrV; Vr CR>cr Va Ë¶m§À¶m hmVr Or H$mhr gmYZo AgyeH$VmV Ë¶m gmYZm§Zr H$mhr n[aUm‘ KS>oc Ago {XgV Zmhr.

ñdV:cm OmiyZ KoUmam H$m°coO‘Yrc VéU ¶m§À¶m‘Ü¶o ‘moR>m ’$aH$ Amho Ago{XgyZ ¶oVo.

A¶moÜ¶oÀ¶m àíZmg§~§Yr ‘moR>r ¶mÌm Pmcr, cmImo ‘mUgo O‘cr, H$amoS>moén¶o O‘co Am{U àË¶úm ~m~ar ‘{eXrOdi gaH$maZo Ho$coë¶m Jmoir~mamVZo‘H$s {H$Vr ‘mUgo ‘ocr Hw$Ur gm§Jy eH$V Zmhr; nU AmVm Xoemcm dmVmdaUmMrEH$ Zdr gd¶ hiyhiy cmJy cmJcr Amho. n§Om~‘Ü¶o gwédmVrcm amoOdrgn§Mdrg ‘mUg§ ‘aV hmoVr. ‘J amoOMo AmH$S>o ~mam n§YamMo ¶m¶cmcmJë¶mZ§Va dmQ>m¶Mo H$s AmVm n[apñWVr AmQ>mo³¶mV ¶oVo Amho; ~ar n[apñWVrAmcr dmQ>m¶Mo. AmVm nwÝhm Vmo AmH$S>m drg n§Mdrgda OmD$ cmJcm.H$mí‘ra‘Ü¶o Va {H$Vr ‘mUgo amoO ‘aVmV ¶mMm Hw$Umcm A§XmOM Zmhr.XoemVë¶m XoemV A¶moÜ¶m àíZmda, ‘§S>c Am¶moJ àíZmda eoH$S>mo ‘mUgo ‘ê$eH$VmV. eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmMr Zdr {Xem R>adVmZm ho cúmmV KoVco nm{hOoH$s Á¶m amÁ¶H$Ë¶mªnwT>o eoVH$è¶m§Mo àíZ ‘m§S>m¶Mo AmhoV Ë¶m amÁ¶H$Ë¶mªZmXaamoO gH$mir ZmíË¶mcm Am{U OodUmcm Xhm, ~mam, drg n§Mdrg ‘wS>Xonmhm¶Mr gd¶ Pmcr Amho. nyduÀ¶m H$mir eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmV XmoZ VrZM‘mUgo ‘ocr Va Ë¶m~Ôc Ii~i ìhm¶Mr. AmVm XmoZVrZ ‘mUgo ‘oë¶mdaH$moUmdahr H$mhrhr n[aUm‘ hmoUma Zmhr.

eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmZo ‘m§S>coco àíZ gwQ>co Ago dmQ>V hmoVo; nU gwQ>cocoZmhrV. gwQ>m¶cm H$Xm{MV gwédmV Pmcr Agoc; nU AOyZ H$mhr g‘mYmZ,emídVr dmQ>Vo Ago Zmhr. ‘J Oo àíZ AmhoV Vo ¶mnwT>o ¶m n[apñWVrVeoVH$è¶m§Zr ‘m§S>mdo H$go? 1980, 84 Am{U 89 ¶m gmcm§‘Ü¶o ’$aH$ PmcmAmho. eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm AmO g§»¶oVhr H$‘r nS>m¶cm cmJcr Amho H$m?Ë¶mcm H$mhr H$maU Amho H$m? hmhr ‘wÔm WmoS>m VnmgyZ ¿¶m¶cm hdm.

AmO Oa g‘Om CgmÀ¶m àíZmda Am§XmocZ KoVco Va Zm{eH$ {OëømVcmI XmoZ cmI ‘mUgo añË¶mda ¶oVrc H$m? gmVmam, gm§Jcr, H$moëhmnya ¶mCgmÀ¶m ^mJmVrc eoVH$ar O‘Vrc H$m¶? ‘cm dmQ>V§ EH$ ‘hÎdmMm ’$aH$KS>cocm Amho.

1980 ‘Ü¶o Cgmcm EHy$U md {‘iV hmoVm 175 én¶o Am{U AmO 375én¶o {‘imë¶mda AmnU VH«$ma H$aVmo AmhmoV. Joë¶m Xhm dfmª‘Ü¶o eoVH$arAm§XmocZmZo eoVH$è¶m§À¶m hmVm‘Ü¶o Oo H$mhr, amñV Zgco Var OmñV {XcoAmho Ë¶m‘wio H$mhr ’$aH$ nS>cm Amho H$m? añË¶mda ZmoH$ar emoYV ~oH$ma


EH$moUmdrg

XþîH$mimMr Pi eoVH$è¶m§ZmM H$m?

{à¶ ‘mohZOr,gào‘ Z‘ñH$ma{df¶ : ‘hmamï´>mVrc dma§dma nS>Umam XþîH$mi H$m¶‘ hQ>{dÊ¶mgmR>r...

darc {df¶mdarc Amnco 5 ‘o 1992 Mo nÌ {‘imco. dV©‘mZnÌm§Vrc~mVå¶m§dê$Z, AgoM nÌ AmnU doJdJù¶m amOH$s¶ g§KQ>Zm d amOH$s¶númm§Mo ZoVo VgoM ñd¶§godr g§KQ>Zm§À¶m H$m¶©H$Ë¶mªZmhr nmR>{dco Amho AgoH$iVo.

‘hmamï´>mV gÜ¶m {nÊ¶mÀ¶m nmÊ¶mMr ‘moR>r hcmIr Pmcr Amho. OZmdam§ZmKmcÊ¶mgmR>r MmamgwÕm XþamnmñV Pmcm Amho. H$mhr {H$aH$moi AndmX gmoS>Vm,‘mUgm§Mo ^yH$~ir H$moR>o hmoVrc Agm H$mhr ‘moR>m YmoH$m {XgV Zmhr." yH$~ir åhUOo nmoQ>mV Kmcm¶cm AÞ gVV AmR>dS>o Am{U AmR>dS>o {‘imcoMZmhr åhUyZ ¶oUmam ‘¥Ë¶y' ¶m AWm©Zo yH$~ir hmoUma ZmhrV; nU Hw$nmofUm‘wio¶oUmar emar[aH$ H$‘Omoar Am{U Ë¶m‘wio hmoUmao d ngaUmao AmOma cúmmVKoVco Va Ago ^yH$~ir gwH$mimÀ¶m dfugwÕm hmoVmV; XþîH$mimÀ¶m dfuAem ~itMr g§»¶m dmT>oc, EdT>oM H$m¶ Vo! nmoQ>mV Kmcm¶cm H$mhr {‘imcoZmhr åhUOo H$mhrhr doS>odmH$S>o, Aa~Q> Ma~Q> wHo$cocm ‘mUyg nmoQ>mV KmcVmoAm{U Ë¶mVyZ J°ñQ´>monmgyZ Vo {df~mYon¶ªV AZoH$ AmOma CX²^dyZ Vo Ë¶m{~Mmè¶mMm àmU {hamdyZ KoD$ eH$VmV. Ago ^yH$~irhr dfm©Zwdf©o KS>VAgVmV, ¶§Xmhr KS>Vrc.

eoVH$è¶m§da àM§S> AÝ¶m¶ hmoV AgVmZmgwÕm eoH$S>mo-hOmamo cmoH$ Vwé§JmVJoco Var eoVH$è¶m§Zr em§VVm gmoS>cr Zmhr. eoVH$è¶m§Mm hm JwU H$s AdJwU?

hr gJir nmœ©^y‘r cúmmV KoVm ¶mnwT>o eoVH$ar Am§XmocZ qH$dm g‚mZAm§XmocZ, gä¶ Am§XmocZ, H$m¶Xo^§JmMo Am§XmocZ Aem Am§XmocZmcm H$mhr^{dî¶ Amho H$s Zmhr? H$m Á¶m§Zm hmVm‘Ü¶o eó ¿¶m¶Mr qh‘V Zmhr Ë¶m§ZrAmVm Kar OmD$Z ñdñW ~gmdo Am{U Or H$mhr ^mH$ar MQ>Ur g‘moa ¶oB©cVodT>r ImD$Z g‘mYmZr amhmdo Am{U Á¶m§À¶m hmVm‘Ü¶o ~§XþH$m KoÊ¶mMrVmH$X Amho VoM ¶mnwT>o XoemMo amOH$maU Am{U {Xem R>adUma Ago Pmco AmhoH$m¶?



^mJm§V MmamnmUr d amoOJma ¶m§Mr ì¶dñWm ìhmdr ¶mgmR>r Am‘Xmam§À¶m KarIoQ>o Kmcy cmJVmV.

{damoYr númmVrc cmoH$à{V{ZYtZm Ë¶m‘mZmZo XþîH$mimMm ’$magm ’$m¶Xm{‘iV Zmhr. Vo AmaS>mAmoaS>m H$ê$ eH$VmV. {ZXe©Zo ‘moM} KS>dyZ AmUyeH$VmV; nU XþîH$miJ«ñV OZVocm ho n¸o$ R>mD$H$ AgVo H$s H$mhr {‘idm¶MoAgoc Va gÎmmYmar númmÀ¶m à{V{ZYtH$S>oM Joco nm{hOo. XþîH$mimgma»¶mg§YrMm gJimÀ¶m gJim cm^ amÁ¶H$Ë¶m© númmcmM {‘iVmo ¶mMo d¡få¶{damoYH$m§Zm, gmh{OH$M Q>moMV AgVo. ‘J hr IXIX "{dYmZg oVrc JXmamoi'qH$dm "gmVAmR> Vmgm§Mm ~§X' Aem ‘mJmªZr ~mhoa H$mT>Ê¶mIoarO Ë¶m§Zm H$mhr’$magm n¶m©¶ ZgVmo.

XþîH$mim‘wio OgOer gJir dZamB©, PmS>o, JdVmnmcm Zmhrgm hmoD$cmJVmo VgVer EH$ doJirM dmT> gJirH$S>o {Xgy cmJVo. nmdgmim gwê$Pmcm H$s O{‘ZrVyZ doJdoJio àmUr ~mhoa nSy> cmJVmV, XJS>mXJS>mImcyZH$sQ>H$-{H$S>o {ZKy cmJVmV. VgoM XþîH$mimÀ¶m H$R>moa XmhH$VoVhr EH$doJir Ordg¥¥ï>r ~mhoa ¶oVo. BVa Xoem§Vë¶mà‘mUoM ^maVmV Am{U^maVmVë¶mà‘mUoM ‘hmamï´>mV n¶m©daUmer g§~§{YV Agcoë¶m g§ñWm§Mo nod’w$Q>co Amho. OJâM Am{U {deofV: Am¡Úmo{JH$ÑîQ>çm àJV Xoem§V n¶m©daUhm AË¶§V Ádc§V àíZ åhUyZ ôS>gmdVmo Amho. Ë¶mgmR>r AZoH$ g§ñWm Cä¶mamhVmV, àM§S> {ZYrhr Cô amhVmV. Ë¶m‘wio Iê$O, Zmê$ W¡‘mZ KmcV AmhoVAem àXoem§VgwÕm amgm¶{ZH$ àXÿfU, AmoPmoZ Wamdarc n[aUm‘, J«rZ hmD$gB’o$³Q> Aer eãXmdcr {‘a{dUmao H$m¶©H$V} CX§S> Pmco AmhoV. {df¶M ‘wir‘moR>m ’°$eZo~c! ¶m {df¶mda OmJmoOmJ, Xoer-naXoer eoH$S>mo-hOmam|Zrg§dmX-n[ag§dmX âV AgVmV; dV©‘mZnÌm§V ~mVå¶m ¶oV AgVmV. AJXr{H$aH$moi H$m‘ H$aUmè¶m§dagwÕm {ZYrMm, nm[aVmo{fH$m§Mm Am{U gÝ‘mZm§Mmdfm©d hmoVmo. gmh{OH$M, n¶m©daUmMo g§aúmU hm J[a~r hQ>{dÊ¶mÀ¶mH$m¶©H«$‘mBVH$mM àM§S> Am{U {H$’$m¶Vera ì¶dgm¶ ~ZVmo Amho.

ho gJio H$mhr {ZpîH«$¶ dmMrdra AmhoV Ago Zmhr. Ë¶mVrc H$mhràm‘m{UH$ OmUH$mam§Zr Amnmnë¶m chmZem JmdmV, àXoemV, H$monè¶mV H$mhrH$m‘o H$ê$Z XmI{dcr AmhoV Am{U ^m¡Jmo{cH$ÑîQ>çm ‘¶m©{XV H$m hmoB©Zm,

n[apñWVr J§^ra Amho ¶mMr empãXH$ Am{U Vm|S>XoIcr OmUrd Var gd©ÌAmho. ‘w»¶‘§Í¶m§Zr BVa gd© ImË¶m§Mr A§XmOnÌHo$ 25 Vo 30 Q>³³¶m§Zr H$‘rH$ê$Z qgMZ Am{U nmUrnwadR>m ¶mg§~§Yr àH$ënm§H$[aVm a¸$‘ CncãY H$ê$ZXoÊ¶mMr ‘moR>r gZgZmQ>r KmofUm H$ê$Z Q>mH$cr Amho. Ë¶mg§~§YrMm {ZU©¶VmVS>rZo XmoZM {Xdgm§V âUmè¶m ‘§{Ì‘§S>imÀ¶m ~¡R>H$sV ìhm¶Mm hmoVm.dV©‘mZnÌm§Vrc ~mVå¶m§dê$Z, àñVwV ~¡R>H$sV Vmo {df¶ {ZKmcmM Zmhr Ago{XgVo. ho H$go KS>co Agoc Am{U PmarVrc ewH«$mMm¶© H$moU AgVrc ¶mMrH$ënZm H$aUo H$mhr ’$ma H$R>rU Zmhr.

gÎmmYmar númmMr n[apñWVr H$moUË¶mhr XþîH$mimV ‘moR>r H$R>rU hmoVo.AmnU H$mhrVar H$aVmo AmhmoV Ago XmI{dUo Va Ë¶mcm Amdí¶H$M AgVo.AmJrMm ^S>H$m CSy>Z Joë¶mZ§Va Vr VmVS>rZo {dP{dÊ¶mgmR>r AmJrMo ~§~AmUco OmVmV Ë¶mMà‘mUo XþîH$mimMr XmhH$Vm H$‘r ìhmdr ¶mgmR>r OwO~r,VmËnwaVr qH$dm WmVwa‘mVwa ¶moOZm H$moUË¶mhr emgZmcm H$amdrM cmJVo.AJXr {edam‘ ‘hmXod nam§Oß¶m§À¶m H$mimVhr naXoer gaH$macmgwÕm IS>r’$moS>m¶Mr H$m‘o Mmcy H$amdr cmJVM hmoVr. AmOH$mc Aer H$m‘o XoÊ¶mMrOr ì¶dñWm Amho {Vcm "amoOJma h‘r ¶moOZm' åhQ>co OmVo Am{U nwamoJm‘r‘hmamï´>mVë¶m H$V¥©ËdmZ ZoË¶m§Zr am~{dcocr H«$m§{VH$mar ¶moOZm Agm {VMmJdJdm Ho$cm OmVmo. ß¶m¶cm nmUr Zmhr åhUyZ cm§~cm§~yZ Q>±H$a cmdyZ nmUrJmdm§Zm nwa{dco OmVo; Ë¶mgmR>r AË¶§V Xþ{‘©i Am{U ‘hmJ Aer I{ZO Voco~o{heo~r dmnacr OmVmV. H$moR>o H$moR>o OZmdam§Zm Mmam nwa{dÊ¶mMr ì¶dñWmhmoVo, H$mhr {R>H$mUr OZmdam§Zm AmUyZ ~m§YÊ¶mH$[aVm N>mdÊ¶m CKS>ë¶mOmVmV. ho Agco à¶ËZ Am{U ¶moOZm emgZmÀ¶m Amdm³¶mVë¶m AgVmV,àemgZmcm Aem ¶moOZm am~{dUo AmdS>Vo. XþîH$mimMr Q>m§JVr Vcdma AgcråhUOo Aem n[apñWVrV AmUr~mUr Agë¶mà‘mUo dmJVm ¶oVo. CYi‘mYi,AH$m¶©úm‘Vm WmVwa‘mVwa H$maUo gm§JyZ ~mgZmAmS> KmcVm ¶oVmV. Aem¶moOZm cmoH$à{V{ZYtZm Am{U {deofV: gÎmmYmar númmVrc cmoH$à{V{ZYtZmgmo¶rñH$a dmQ>VmV. EdT>oM Zìho Va Ë¶m§À¶mH$[aVm XþîH$mi åhUOo EH$ ‘moR>rnd©UrM AgVo. emgZm{déÕMm gd© amof, Ag§Vmof d CÐoH$ e‘yZ OmVmVAm{U XþîH$mimZo hdmc{Xc Pmcocr OZVm ~mH$s gJio {dgê$Z Amnmnë¶m


Ë¶m§À¶mH$S>o H$moUmMo cúm Joco Zmhr. AmO H$mhr doJio hmoB©c Aer AnoúmmZmhr. nU Amnë¶m hmVyZ ‘m§S>Uo Pmco Zmhr Aer éIéI ‘ZmV amhÿ Z¶o¶mgmR>r hm gd© àn§M.

Amnë¶m nÌmVrc n{hë¶mM dm³¶mV AmnU åhUVm,XþîH$mi hm Amnë¶m amÁ¶mÀ¶m J«m‘rU ^mJmMm Am{U AW©ì¶dñWoMm

ñWm¶r^mdM Pmcm Amho. XþîH$mi nS>cm H$r {nÊ¶mMo nmUr, OZmdam§Zm MmamAm{U XþîH$miJ«ñV eoVH$è¶m§Zm H$m‘ XoUo An[ahm¶© R>aVo.

¶m Amnë¶m dm³¶mVM XþîH$mimÀ¶m g‘ñ¶oMr Jwé{H$„r Amho.nmD$g Anwam nS>cm åhUOo XþîH$mi nS>Vmo. H$Yr H$Yr A{Vd¥ï>r Pmcr Va

Amocm XþîH$mi hmoVmo. XþîH$mi nS>cm H$s eoVH$è¶mMo OrdZ CX²>ÜdñV hmoD$ZOmVo. {nÊ¶mÀ¶m nmÊ¶mgmR>r, OZmdam§À¶m Mmè¶mgmR>r Am{U OJm¶gmR>reoVH$è¶m§Mr Ho${dcdmUr Ymdni gwê$ hmoVo. eham§V Ago H$mhr hmoV Zmhr.‘hmamï´>mV co XþîH$mi nS>cm Agoc, ‘w§~B©À¶m OrdZmV H$moR>o Vgy^ahr ’$aH$nS>cocm Zmhr. XþîH$mir H$m‘m§da ¶oUmao PmSy>Z gmao eoVH$ar AgVmV. H$moUrgaH$mar H$‘©Mmar ¶oV ZmhrV, ~±Ho$Mo coI{ZH$ ¶oV ZmhrV, H$maImÝ¶m§MoH$m‘Jma ZmhrV. ’$º$ eoVH$ar VodT>m ’$a’$Q>V ¶oVmo; ~m¶H$mnmoam§gH$Q> ¶oVmo.IS>r ’$moS>Ê¶mMr hmVm§Zm gd¶ Zmhr, hmVmVyZ aº$ ¶oV Agco Var qMÜ¶mJw§S>miyZ qH$dm nXa Jw§S>miyZ IS>r ’$moS>VmV. Ë¶mV gJio ¶oVmV; eoV‘Oya¶oVmV, eoVH$ar ¶oVmV. ‘amR>dmS>çmV Va AJXr drgn§Mdrg EH$a O{‘ZrMo‘mcH$gwÕm XþîH$mir H$m‘mda ¶oVmV. {dX^© hm gYZ àXoe. AmOn¶ªVXþîH$mir H$m‘o {dX^m©V ‘mhrV ZìhVr. AmVm VoWogwÕm XþîH$mir H$m‘m§À¶mN>mdÊ¶m Mm¡’o$a ê$ cmJë¶m AmhoV. nmD$g H$‘r nS>cm åhUOo Jmd CX²ÜdñV,eha {ZYm©ñV. eoVH$ar {Zdm©{gV Am{U ehadmgr¶m§À¶m gwImcm OamhrVmoerg Zmhr. XþîH$mi "^maVm'Mm Amho, "B§{S>¶m'Mo gwI Vmo XþImdV Zmhr.ho H$m¶ Jm¡S>~§Jmc Amho? ¶m àíZmVM XþîH$mimÀ¶m g‘ñ¶oMr Jwé{H$„r Amho.

Mm§Jcm nmD$g nS>cm, AÞYmÝ¶mMr c¶cyQ> Pmcr Va Ë¶mMm ’$m¶Xm H$m¶EH$Q>çm eoVH$è¶mcm hmoVmo? ^mOrnmcm, AÞYmÝ¶ ^anya ¶oVo, ñdñVmB© hmoVoË¶mZo gJio Iwe hmoVmV. eoVH$è¶m§noúmmgwÕm {~JaeoVH$ar A{YH$ IwehmoVmV. gw~ÎmoÀ¶m dfu nmoQ>mV XmoZ Kmg OmñV OmVmV EdT>mM eoVH$è¶mcm

S>moù¶mcm gwI dmQ>mdo Ago Z‘wZo V¶ma Ho$co AmhoV. EH$Q>çm ‘hmamï´>mVMAer nmMn§Mdrg Var CXmhaUo AgVrc. ¶m Z‘wÝ¶m§Mr AmVm nwZamd¥ÎmrgJirH$S>o Pmcr åhUOo n¶m©daUmMm àíZ g§ncm, nmÊ¶mMm {‘Q>cm, XþîH$mihQ>cm Aer ¶m§Mr ^m~S>r g‘OyV Amho. Hw$Qw>§~mVco àíZ Am{U ^mVwH$crÀ¶mIoimVco àíZ AcJ AcJ AmhoV ¶mMm Ë¶m§À¶m H${d‘Zmcm {dga nS>Vmo.Ë¶m§À¶m~amo~a Agcoco ~hþVoH$ Va hm¡go, Zdgo, Jdgo ¶m gXamVM ‘moS>Umao;"PmS>o cmdm åhUOo XþîH$mi H$m¶‘Mm hQ>oc' Agë¶m VH©${dg§JV KmofUm{XdgamÌ naV naV XoV amhUmao. ¶m Aem VèhoÀ¶m g§ñWm§Mrhr XþîH$mimV ‘moR>rMcVr hmoVo.

¶§Xm dirdmÀ¶m nmdgmZo AJXrM S>moio dQ>maco AmhoV. CJmM H$moR>oEImXr ga qenSy>Z dird Zmhrgm Pmcm Amho. CÚm Oa H$m ‘hmamï´>mVrcdoJdoJù¶m ^mJm§V dirdmMo T>J ^ê$Z Amco Am{U OmoaXma nmD$g Pmcm,WmoS>o’$ma H$m hmoB©Zm, AmoT>o, Zmco, Vir, Vcmd ^ê$Z Amco Va XþîH$mimMm{df¶ H$moUmÀ¶mM {df¶n{ÌHo$da amhUma Zmhr. amÁ¶H$Ë¶m© númmcm Ë¶mMm{dga nS>oc, {damoYH$ H$mhr ZdrZ gZgZmQ>r {df¶mÀ¶m emoYmg cmJVrcAm{U n¶m©daUOrdr g§ñWm d ì¶º$s Ë¶m§Mo n[ag§dmX, Aä¶mg, OmhraZm‘o¶m§‘Ü¶o XþîH$mim{df¶r WmoS>o H$‘r ~mocVrc.

¶m XþîH$mimÀ¶m H$R>rU AdñWoV H$m hmoB©Zm, XþîH$mi H$m¶‘ hQ>{dÊ¶mH$[aVmH$mhr R>mog H$m¶©H«$‘ C^m H$aÊ¶mMo AmnU d Amnë¶m ghH$mè¶m§Zr ‘ZmVKoVco Amho Ë¶m~Ôc ‘r Amnco A{^Z§XZ H$aVmo. ‘hmamï´>mV AmOn¶ªV AgmEH$hr XþîH$mi Pmcm Zmhr H$s Á¶m doir XþîH$mimMm H$m¶‘Mm ~§Xmo~ñV H$ê$ZQ>mH$Ê¶mMr ^r‘JO©Zm Pmcr Zmhr. ¶m {df¶mda ’°${‘Z H${‘eÝg Zo‘Ê¶mVAmcr, VÁk g{‘Ë¶m Zo‘Ê¶mV Amë¶m, Ahdmc Pmco, nmÊ¶mÀ¶m qgMZmÀ¶mH$mhr ¶moOZm Pmë¶m; nU XþîH$mi ~oQ>m H$mhr H$m¶‘Mm hQ>m¶cm V¶ma Zmhr.AnUmg ZmC‘oX H$aÊ¶mH$[aVm ‘r ho {c{hVmo Amho Ago Zmhr. C‘oXJ‘mdUmè¶m§n¡H$s AmnU Zmhr ho ‘r nmhVmoM Amho Am{U åhUyZ H$mhr Jmoï>rAmnUmg {c{hÊ¶mMo ‘ZmV AmUco Amho. Ë¶m§Mmhr AmnU {dMma H$amdm.1982 nmgyZ Ooìhm Ooìhm ‘hmamï´>mV H$‘r-A{YH$ XþîH$migÑe n[apñWVrV¶ma Pmcr Voìhm Voìhm ¶m gd© Jmoï>r ‘r nwT>o ‘m§S>ë¶m AmhoV. Ë¶mdoir


‘mcmcm md Zmhr åhUyZ. nmÊ¶mÀ¶m AS>MUrMohr H$maU eoVH$è¶mMr Am{W©H$AS>MUM Amho. Am‘À¶m nyd©Om§Zr Or Jmdo dg{dcr Vr H$mhr doS>çmgmaIrdg{dcr ZmhrV. {VWco nmUr g§nco Va Am‘Mr hcÊ¶mMr VmH$X Zmhr.Agoc {VWyZ nmUr n§nmZoo JmdmOdi AmUÊ¶mMr VmH$X Zmhr åhUyZ nmÊ¶mMmàíZ Amho. eoVH$è¶mÀ¶m àË¶oH$ hcmIrMo ‘yi H$maU eoVr‘mcmcm md ZmhrhoM Amho.

H$m¶ J§‘V Amho nmhm. nmoQ> aÊ¶mgmR>r eoVH$ar IS>r ’$moS>Vmo åhUOo H$m¶’$moS>cocr IS>r nmoQ>mV ^aVmo H$m¶? Zmhr, Vmo ImVmo ÁdmarM. Vo YmÝ¶ XoemV^anya Amho, Vo nmoQ>mV Kmcmd¶mg {‘imdo åhUyZ Ë¶mcm IS>r ’$moS>mdr cmJVohr H$m¶ ^¶mZH$ AdñWm Amho? XþîH$mir H$m‘mda hmV ’$moSy>Z KoUmè¶meoVH$è¶m§Mo gmIa H$maImÝ¶m§V n¡go R>odrÀ¶m ê$nmZo nSy>Z AmhoV; gmogm¶Q>rV,~±Ho$V mJmÀ¶m ê$nmZo Ë¶mMo n¡go AS>H$co AmhoV. Ë¶m n¡emda CMc {‘imcrVar Vmo IS>r Z ’$moS>Vm nmoQ> ^ê$ eHo$c; nU eoVr‘mcmcm ^md Zmhr Vmon¶ªVho e³¶ hmoUma Zmhr. Ë¶mcm IS>rM ’$moS>mdr cmJUma Amho.

åhUOo, XþîH$mi H$mhr Añ‘mZr g§H$Q> Zmhr, Ë¶mV gwcVmZrMm A§e‘hÎdmMm Amho.

eoVH$è¶m§Mr hcmIr hr Ho$di nmdgmÀ¶m A{Z¶{‘VnUm‘wio hmoVo hoåhUUohr ’$mago ~amo~a Zmhr. ¶wamonmVrc ~hþVoH$ Xoem§V àË¶oH$ dfm©Vrc{H$VrVar ‘{hZo O‘rZ ~’$m©ÀN>m{XV amhmVo; nU {VWcm eoVH$ar H$mhr XoemoYS>rcmcmJV Zmhr; BVa ZmJ[aH$m§À¶m ~amo~arZo OrdZ‘mZ Am{U gÝ‘mZ Cn^moJVmo.

XþîH$mimg§~§Yr AmUIr EH$ J¡ag‘O ngacocm Amho. O§JcVmoS> Pmcr,n¥ÏdrdaMo Z¡g{J©H$ AmdaU g§nco Ë¶m‘wio nmD$g A{Z¶{‘V Pmcm d Ë¶m‘wioXþîH$mi Mmcy Pmco Ago ‘V Wmoa ‘mUgo ‘moR>çm J§^ranUo ‘m§S>VmZm {XgVmV.dZamB© Am{U nmD$g‘mZ, {deofV: ‘mÝgyZ àXoemVrc nmD$g‘mZ H$moUVo KQ>H$R>a{dVmV ¶m{df¶r J§^ra Aä¶mgmcm, Iao åhQ>co Va, AmVm gwédmV hmoVAmho. gy¶m©darc S>mJm§nmgyZ Vo dmT>Ë¶m H$maImÝ¶m§À¶m {M‘Ê¶m§VyZ ~mhoanS>Umè¶m Ywamn¶ªV AZoH$ Jmoï>tMm nmD$g‘mZmda n[aUm‘ Agy eH$Vmo. H$mhrKQ>H$ XÿaH$mcrZ AmhoV, H$mhr KQ>H$ h§Jm‘r AmhoV. XþJm©XodrÀ¶m XþîH$mimÀ¶mdoir ‘hmamï´>mV gVV ~mam df} nmÊ¶mMm EH$ W|~hr nS>cm Zmhr Ago åhUVmV.

AmZ§X. Mm§Jco nrH$ Amco Amho Va nwT>À¶m XþîH$mir dfm©gmR>r ~oJ‘r åhUyZH$mhr ‘mocmMr, n¡emMr gmR>dUyH$ H$amdr åhQ>co Va e³¶ hmoV Zmhr, H$maUgJio ^md H$mogiVmV, hmVr H$mhrM amhV Zmhr. Mm§Jë¶m dfm©V ~mH$s gd©Iwe, XþîH$mimV {eúmm ‘mÌ eoVH$è¶mcm.

XoemVrc {Zå‘o CËnÞ eoVrVyZ ¶oVo. eoVr ~§X åhQ>ë¶mda BVa H$m‘o nUH$‘r hmoV Agcr nm{hOoV. VoWcr ‘mUgo H$mhr {XdgVar XþîH$mir H$m‘mdaH$m ¶oV ZmhrV? nmD$g H$‘r nS>cm åhUOo ’$º$ eoVrMoM ZwH$gmZ hmoVo AgoZmhr. YaUm§V nmUr H$‘r nS>Vo. H$maImZo XmoZ XmoZ ‘{hZo ~§X R>odmdo cmJVmV.Ë¶m H$maImÝ¶m§Mo ‘mcH$ gmoS>m, H$m‘Jma Var XþîH$mir H$m‘mda IS>r ’$moS>m¶cm¶oVmV? H$YrM Zmhr.

Vo åhUVmV, "¶§Xm XhmM ‘{hZo H$maImZm Mmccm. OodT>m ‘mc V¶ma PmcmVodT>çmdaM ~mam ‘{hÝ¶m§Mm IM© Q>mHy$ qH$dm AmYr Pmcoë¶m ’$m¶ÚmVyZ ¶mXmoZ ‘{hÝ¶m§Mm IM© Mmcdy. ¶§Ìm§Mo VocnmUr, XwéñVr am{hcr hmoVr; ¶mH$mimV Vr CaHy$Z KoD$. åhUOo drO gwê$ Pmcr H$s PnmQ>çmZo CËnmXZmcmcmJy.'

Ë¶m§Zm KaXma ’w§$Hy$Z XþîH$mir H$m‘mda IS>r ’$moS>m¶cm ¶mdo cmJV Zmhr.XþîH$mi nS>cm Va eoVH$è¶mcmgwÕm åhUVm Amco nm{hOo, "¶§Xm nmD$g~m~mMr

‘Ou {XgV Zmhr. R>rH$ Amho. Vmo Amncm H$mhr ZmoH$a Zmhr. Vmo Amnë¶m‘OuZoM nS>Uma. ¶§Xm {nH$mMo H$m‘ H$‘r Va O{‘ZrMr nSy>Z am{hcocr H$m‘oCaHy$Z KoD$. hair ’$ma ‘mOcr Amho. ZmJa‘wWm doMyZ ¿¶m¶cm hdm. Magmdê$Z ¿¶m¶cm nm{hOoV, ~m§Y~§{XñVr gwYmam¶Mr am{hcr Amho. ¶§Xm hrH$m‘o CaHy$Z KoD$ åhUOo nwT>À¶m dfu Mm§Jcm nmD$g nS>cm Va ~§Xm én¶mnrH$ ¶oB©c Aer ì¶dñWm H$ê$.'

eoVH$è¶mcm Ago H$m åhUVm ¶oV Zmhr? Ë¶mcmM XþîH$mir H$m‘mda IS>r’$moS>md¶mg H$m Omdo cmJVo? Ooìhm Mm§Jcm nmD$g nS>Vmo, nrH$ Mm§Jco ¶oVoVoìhmhr Ë¶mÀ¶m hmVr H$mhr ¶oV Zmhr åhUyZM Zm? Amnë¶m XoemV XmoZMmadfmªVyZ EH$Xm XþîH$mi ¶oVmoM. eoVH$è¶m§Mo hmc hmoVmV Vo nmD$g Z nS>ë¶m‘wioZmhr. Ooìhm nmD$g nS>Vmo VoìhmgwÕm Ë¶mcm H$mhrM {‘iV Zmhr, {nH$VoË¶mcmhr md Zmhr åhUyZM Zm ? XþîH$mimV eoVH$ar IS>r ’$moS>Vmo Vmo Ë¶mÀ¶m


‘hmamï´> Amho hm Agm Amho. ^JraW à¶ËZm§ZrgwÕm Vrg Q>³³¶m§da O‘rZ~mJm¶Vr hmoD$ eH$Uma Zmhr Am{U AJXr AË¶Yw{ZH$ qgMZmÀ¶m àM§S>^m§S>dcr IMm©À¶m ¶moOZm A‘cmV AmUë¶m Var ‘hmamï´>mMm H$mhr n§Om~hmoUma Zmhr. ¶m dmñVdVoMm ~moY KoD$Z ‘hmamï´>mV AW©ì¶dñWm, CÚmoJY§Úm§MrdmT>, eoVrMo ñdê$n, {nH$dm¶Mr {nHo$ Am{U eoVrda Adc§~yZ AgUmè¶mcmoH$g§»¶oMo à‘mU ¶mg§~§Yr ê$naofm R>a{dcr nm{hOo. gaH$maZo Am{U àemgZmZoAmncoM KmoS>o ‘Ü¶o Xm‘Q>co ZgVo Va Agm {dH$mg {ZgJ©V:M Pmcm AgVm.Vmo AmOn¶ªV Pmcm Zmhr.

Amnë¶m gd© AmamIS>çmVrc EH$m Jmoï>rcm ‘mÌ ‘mPm gº$ {damoY Amho.ho H$m¶©H«$‘ am~{dÊ¶mgmR>r A{YH$mar, AZw^dr VÁk, n§Mm¶V g{‘VrMog^mnVr, ñWm{ZH$ Am‘Xma, ~r.S>r.Amo., ãcm°H$dma g„mJma g{‘Ë¶m, gm‘m{OH$,e¡úm{UH$ d ghH$mar AmXr úmoÌm§Zm à{V{Z{YËd, Ë¶mIoarO {Oëhm{YH$mar,{Oëhm n[afXoMo AÜ¶úm, ImgXma, númm§Mo ZoVo BË¶mXtMo {Oëhm nmVirdaAm{U ‘w»¶‘§Ìr ¶m§À¶m ZoV¥ËdmImcr amÁ¶ñVar¶ g{‘Ë¶m§Mo dM©ñd ‘moR>o^¶mdh Amho. Amnë¶m H$m¶©H«$‘mMo ZoV¥Ëd Aem VèhoMo am{hco Va VmoH$m¶©H«$‘ ¶eñdrnUo A‘cmV ¶oÊ¶mMr gwVam‘ e³¶Vm Zmhr. Ë¶mVyZ ’$º$nwT>mar, A{YH$mar Am{U g§ñWm ¶m§MrM M§Ji hmoB©c. Odmha amoOJma ¶moOZoMmAZw^d VmOm Amho, Varhr ¶mM ‘mJm©Zo emgZ OmUma Amho Am{U An¶erhmoUma Amho ¶mMr ‘cm Xþ:IX OmUrd Amho.

~mhoê$Z JmdmV Amcocm {ZYr H$m¶©úm‘VoZo, R>acoë¶m H$m‘mgmR>r dmnacmOmÊ¶mMr H$mhrhr e³¶Vm Zmhr Am{U eoVH$è¶m§Mo Aem VèhoMr H$m‘o ñdV:À¶mVmH$Xrda hmVr KoÊ¶mMo {nT>çm Z² {nT>çm§À¶m emofUm‘wio gm‘Ï¶© Zmhr.eoVrMr g§aMZm (infrastructure) ^m§S>dc{Z{‘©VrÀ¶m A^mdmZoM Zï> PmcrAmho. ¶mcm Iam H$m¶©úm‘ Cnm¶ åhUOo eoVr‘Ü¶o ^m§S>dc{Z{‘©Vr hmoD$ XoUohmM Amho. Zì¶m emgZmMr Iwcr AW©ì¶dñWm eoVrcmhr cmJy Ho$cr Va hoAmnmoAmn KSy>Z ¶oB©c. Ë¶mcm {H$Vr df} cmJVrc H$moUmg R>mD$H$?

VmVS>rZo XþîH$mi hQ>{dÊ¶mgmR>r H$mhr H$m‘o JmdmoJmdÀ¶m eoVH$è¶m§ZrhmVr ¿¶mdr Aer àm‘m{UH$ BÀN>m Agoc Va Ë¶mgmR>r H$mhr doJir ì¶dñWmcmJoc. ¶mH$m‘r gaH$maZo g¡a^¡a n¡gm CYiÊ¶mnoúmm, ghH$mar g§ñWm§Vrc

Ë¶m H$mir Va ‘hmamï´>mV KZXmQ> O§Jcm§Mr H$moR>o H$‘VaVm ZìhVr? Voìhm,XþîH$mimMr CnnÎmr Añ‘mZr g§H$Q>mer cmdUo Am{U Ë¶m Añ‘mZr g§H$Q>mMm~mXam¶Ur g§~§Y Ho$di dZñnVrÀ¶m AmÀN>mXZmer cmdUo VH©$gwg§JV Zmhr.¶m ncrH$S>o OmD$Z Agohr åhQ>co nm{hOo H$s VH©${dg§JVr H$mhr moio m~S>onUmVyZAmcocr Zmhr, Ë¶m‘mJo H$mhr {Z{üV ~wÕr Amho.

¶m {df¶mda AmOn¶ªV ‘mÂ¶m nmhÊ¶mV Amcocr AË¶§V Imocda {dûcofUH$ê$Z Ho$cocr ‘m§S>Ur åhUOo S>m°. MméXÎm Xm^moiH$a ¶m§Mo "‘hmamï´>mVrcXþîH$mi d Ë¶mdarc Cnm¶¶moOZm' ho nwñVH$. Amnë¶m dmMZmV ho nwñVH$Amco AgocM. AmnU nwÝhm EH$Xm Vo Oê$a ZOaoImcyZ Kmcmdo.

AZoH$ cmoH$m§‘Ü¶o Am{U {deofV: n¶m©daUdmÚm§‘Ü¶o Agm {dMma {XgVmoH$s ‘moR>çm YaU¶moOZm ¶m gJù¶m {ZaW©H$ AmhoV Am{U Ë¶m gd© aÔ H$ê$ZchmZ nmUrnwadR>çmÀ¶m ¶moOZm Am{U nma§n[aH$ nmUrg§H$cmÀ¶m nÕVr ¶mdaMcúm H|${ÐV Ho$co nm{hOo. ¶m {dMmamV H$mhr VÏ¶ Amho; nU ~amMgmEH$m§JrnUmhr Amho. 1957 nmgyZ A‘cmV AmUcoë¶m gd© ‘moR>çm YaU¶moOZm§da‘r Q>rH$m Ho$cr Amho. ¶m ¶moOZm àemgZ, nwT>mar Am{U H§$ÌmQ>Xma ¶m§À¶mgmo¶rgmo¶rÀ¶m (Administration-friendly, Politician-friendly, Contractor-

friendly)AgVmV ho ‘r AmJ«hmZo gm§{JVco Amho. YaUmMo nmUcmoQ> úmoÌ Am{Ucm^úmoÌ ¶m§‘Ü¶o àmW{‘H$ H$m¶©dmhr Z Pmë¶m‘wio YaUm§da IM© Pmcocm~hþVoH$ n¡gm JmimV Jocm Amho. ^yJ^m©Vrc nmUr ho qgMZì¶dñWoVrc‘yc^yV A§J Agco nm{hOo hohr ‘r AmJ«hmZo ‘m§S>co Amho; nU ì¶mnH$nmVirdarc qgMZì¶dñWoV nmUcmoQ> úmoÌ d cm^úmoÌ ¶m§Mr ¶mo½¶ Vr {ZJmamIUmè¶m ‘moR>çm YaUm§Mo ‘hÎdmMo ñWmZ Amho ho ZOaoAmS> H$ê$Z MmcUmaZmhr. ‘hmamï´>mV XþîH$mi hQ>{dÊ¶mgmR>r Á¶m Jmoï>r H$amd¶mg nm{hOoV Ë¶mV"H¥$îUo'gma»¶m ¶moOZm§Mm A§V^m©d AgUo An[ahm¶© Amho. Joë¶m H$mhr XeH$m§VN>moQ>o N>moQ>o ~§Ymao, H$moëhmnya ~m§Y, dg§V Vcmd Am{U nmPa Vcmd ¶m§Mr H$mhrWmoS>rWmoS>H$s H$m‘o ‘hmamï´>mVyZ Pmcr ZmhrV! nU ¶m XþîH$mimÀ¶m dfu nmPaVcmdm§À¶m Amg‘§VmVgwÕm XþîH$mimMr XmhH$Vm cdm§emZohr H$‘r Zmhr.Amnë¶m H$m¶©H«$‘mVrc gd© àH$ën nwao Pmco Var Ë¶mVyZ ‘hmamï´> gmVË¶mZogwOcm‘² hmoD$Z OmB©c ho EH$ ñdßZa§OZ Amho.


drg

eoVH$è¶m§À¶m nmoQ>mda ZìhonmR>rda Wmn ‘maUmam amOm hdm

hm AmJimdoJim Am{U AmëhmXXm¶H$ àg§J Amho. ñdJu¶ dg§VamdZmB©H$ ¶m§Mm ñ‘¥{V{XZ Amho. gd© J§^ra ^mdZmhr ‘ZmV AmhoV; nU àg§JAmJimdoJim AemgmR>r H$s, eoVH$è¶m§À¶m EH$m amOmM§ H$m¡VwH$ H$aÊ¶mÀ¶m¶m H$m¶©H«$‘mcm g§nyU© ‘hmamï´>mÀ¶m {dYmZg^oMo g^mnVr ñdV: AÜ¶úmåhUyZ CnpñWV AmhoV. amÁ¶mMo ‘w»¶‘§ÌrgwÕm eoVH$è¶m§À¶m ¶m H$m¶©H«$‘mcmhOa amhmU§ Amdí¶H$ g‘OyZ hOa AmhoV hohr {deof Amho. gd©gmYmaUnUon§VàYmZ, ‘w»¶‘§Ìr BË¶mXr ho H$maImZXmam§Mo, ì¶mnmè¶m§Mo Ago H$m¶©H«$‘Pmco Va Ë¶mcm AmdOy©Z hOa amhVmV. nU eoVH$è¶m§À¶m H$m¶©H«$‘mcm {VVHo$AmdOy©Z hOa amhmV ZmhrV. nU hm EH$ AndmXmMm H$m¶©H«$‘ Pmcm Amho.

dg§Vamd ZmB©H$m§À¶m ñ‘¥Vrcm AmXam§Ocr dmhÊ¶mÀ¶m Am{U Á¶m Am‘À¶meoVH$è¶m§Zr H$m¡VwH$mñnX H$m‘ H$ê$Z XmI{dco Amho Ë¶m§À¶m H$m‘mM§ H$m¡VwH$H$aÊ¶mÀ¶m ¶m H$m¶©H«$‘mcm hOma amhÊ¶mH$[aVm AmnU ‘cm {Z‘§ÌU {Xco¶m~Ôc àW‘ ‘r Vw‘Mo Am^ma ‘mZVmo. Vgm ‘r H$mhr ¶m H$V©~Jma eoVH$è¶m§M§H$m¡VwH$ H$aÊ¶mg nmÌ ‘mUyg Zmhr. eoVr‘Ü¶o ‘r H$mhr à¶moJ Ho$co AgVrc,ZgVrc. BWo O‘cocr ‘§S>ir hr doJdoJù¶m úmoÌm§V H$V©~Jmar JmO{dcocr‘§S>ir Amho. Hw$Ur Ðmúmm§M§ H$m‘ Ho$c§ Amho, Hw$Ur {Z¶m©VrM§ H$m‘ Ho$coc§Amho, Hw$Ur aËZm{Jarcm hmnyg Am§ã¶mM§ H$m‘ Ho$coc§ Amho. Ë¶m‘wio, ‘cm¶oWo ¶oÊ¶mMm ‘mZ XoUo åhUOo EImÚm Zm°Z‘°[Q´>H$ ‘mUgmcm EH$X‘ EImÚm{dÚmnrR>mMm Hw$cJwê$ Zo‘md§ Ag§ Pmc§ Amho. Varhr, ¶m H$V©~Jma ‘§S>itZmg‘moag‘moa ^oQy>Z Ë¶m§À¶m Jù¶mV hma KmcÊ¶mMo ^m½¶ cm^Vo Amho åhUyZ,

^mJ^m§S>dcmgmaIr AS>Hy$Z nS>cocr a¸$‘ XþîH$mi {ZdmaUmÀ¶m H$m‘mH$[aVmCncãY H$ê$Z {Xcr Va Aem ¶moOZm O~m~XmarZo nma nmS>ë¶m OmVrc. nU,¶m nÌmMm hoVy n¶m©¶r ¶moOZm XoÊ¶mMm Zmhr.

AmnU nÌ {c{hcoV. eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMr XþîH$mi àíZm{df¶rMr Xhm df}gmVË¶mZo ‘m§S>cr Jococr ^y{‘H$m Amnë¶mg‘moa R>odÊ¶mH$[aVm ho nÌ.

H$imdo.

10 ‘o 1992 eaX Omoer

("dZamB©' Mo AÜ`j _mOr_§Ìr _mohZ Ym[a`m `m§À`m nÌmcm eaX Omoer `m§Zr {Xcoco

CÎma. eoVH$ar g§KQ>H$, 21 _o 1992)


amoOJma h‘r ¶moOZm gd© OJ^a JmOcr. hr ¶moOZm AmnUM A‘cmVAmUcr Ag§ lo¶ KoUmao, ‘hmamï´>mVco {ZXmZ XmoZMma ZoVo ‘r nm{hco AmhoV;nU amoOJma h‘r ¶moOZoMo Iao lo¶ dg§Vamdm§Zm Amho. H$mnyg EH$m{YH$ma IaoXr¶moOZm ho Ë¶m§Mo AmUIr EH$ lo¶. ^mVmcm AmYma^yV {H$_Vrnoúmm A{YH${H§$_V Úm¶Mr Zmhr Ago YmoaU H|$Ð gaH$maZo AmIco. Ë¶mdoir dg§VamdZmB©H$m§Zr ‘w»¶‘§Ìr ¶m ^y{‘Ho$VyZ H|$Ð gaH$macm R>UH$mdyZ gm§{JVco H$s,""coìhrMo ^mV Vwåhmcm AmYma^yV {H$_VrZo {Xë¶mZ§Va Cacoë¶m ^mVmcm‘cm Or ¶mo½¶ dmQ>oc Vr {H§$_V ‘r XoB©Z.'' dg§Vamd ho ÁdmarMr IaoXrMrì¶dñWm H$aUmao ‘w»¶‘§Ìr hmoVo. åhUOo Ë¶m§Mr àoaUm H$m¶ hmoVr?

^maVmV eoVr hr OrdZeo¡cr åhUyZ ‘mZcr OmV Ago. Ë¶mV Hw$Ur Q>mQ>m-{~cm© hmoD$ eH$V ZìhVm. eoVH$è¶m§Zr gH$mir CRy>Z H$m‘mcm cmJmd§, nmD$gnmS>Umè¶m daÀ¶m na‘oœamM§ H$m¡VwH$ H$amd§, Ë¶mMo Am^ma ‘mZmdo, Ë¶mÀ¶m‘Oucm Oo H$mhr ¶oB©c Am{U Amnë¶m nXam‘Ü¶o Vmo Oo H$mhr Kmcoc Ë¶mdaOJmd§ Am{U g‘mYmZ ‘mZmd§ Aer hr OrdZe¡cr hmoVr. AJXr emim-H$m°coOmVrc nwñVH$m§VgwÕm {c{hcoc§ Agm¶M§ H$s eoVrH$S>o EH$ ì¶dgm¶åhUyZ ~Ky ZH$m, Vr EH$ OrdZe¡cr Amho! åhUOo eoVmda Zm§Ja MmcdVmMmcdVm Vw‘À¶m A§JmdaM§ YmoVa ’$mQ>H§$M am{hc§, ‘iH§$M am{hc§ Var VH«$maH$ê$ ZH$m. JmdmVcm nmoaJm ehamV Jocm Am{U H$moUË¶mVar ~±Ho$V ZwgVmMnamer Pmcm H$s VrZ ‘{hÝ¶m§À¶m AmV Q>o[acrZMr n±Q> KmcyZ, Im§ÚmcmQ´>mpÝPñQ>a cQ>H$mdyZ JmUr JwUJwUV IoS>çmV ¶oVmo Ë¶mÀ¶m~Ôchr VH«$ma H$ê$ZH$m. H$maU, Ë¶mMr OrdZeo¡cr doJir Am{U eoVH$è¶mMr OrdZe¡cr doJir!

¶m OrdZe¡crVyZ eoVH$è¶m§Zm ~mhoa H$mT>Ê¶mM§ H$m‘ H$aUmar Or ‘§S>irhmoD$Z Jocr Ë¶m§‘Ü¶o Omo{V~m ’w$co, emhy ‘hmamO ¶m§Mr Zmdo KoVcr OmVmV.¶m na§naoVco dg§Vamd ZmB©H$ ho eodQ>Mo eoVH$ar ZoVo hmoVo Ago åhUmdo cmJoc.Ë¶m§Zr H$m¶ Ho$c§?

eoVr hr AmVm OrdZe¡cr Zmhr, eoVr ho EH$ emó Amho, H$m¡eë¶ Amho.Oer O‘oc Ver eoVr H$am¶Mr Zmhr; Amdí¶H$ Va nmÊ¶mMr ì¶dñWmH$am¶Mr Amho, Mm§Jc§ {~¶mU§ dmnam¶M§ Amho. IV§ Am¡fY§ dmnam¶Mr AmhoVAm{U emór¶ÑîQ>çm eoVr H$ê$Z CËnmXZ dmT>dm¶M§ Amho. eoVrH$S>o nmhÊ¶mMmhm EH$ Xþgam Q>ßnm Pmcm. ¶mcm AmnU h[aVH«$m§VrMm Q>ßnm åhUy. ñd.dg§Vamd ZmB©H$ ho emgZmV’}$ h[aVH«$m§VrÀ¶m Q>ßß¶mMo AJ«Ur hmoVo.

àH¥$VrM§ H$maU ~mOycm R>odyZ, nwgXgma»¶m XþJ©‘ Jmdr ‘r AmdOy©Z hOaam{hcmo Amho.

ñd. dg§Vamd ZmB©H$m§M§ JwUdU©Z H$aVmZm EH$XmoKm§Zr, Vo ~mam df} ‘hmamï>mMoZoVo hmoVo Ago åhQ>co. ¶mV WmoS>r J„V hmoVo Amho. ‘hmamï´>mMm ‘w»¶‘§Ìr AgU§åhUOo ‘hmamï´>mMm ZoVm Ag§ H$mhr g‘rH$aU Zmhr. ‘r eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmVnS>ë¶mnmgyZ ‘hmamï´>mV nwîH$i ‘w»¶‘§Ìr hmoD$Z Joco. AmO ‘mJo diyZ nm{hcoVa Ë¶m§Zm ‘hmamï´>mMo ZoVo åhUUo AdKS> Amho. ‘hmamï´>mM§ ‘w»¶‘§{ÌnX,‘hmamï´>mM§ ZoV¥Ëd {‘i{dÊ¶mMr n{hcr nm¶ar Agy eHo$c; hr nm¶ar KoVcrMnm{hOo Agohr Zmhr.

gwYmH$aamd ZmB©H$ ‘w»¶‘§Ìr Pmë¶mZ§Va Ë¶m§M§ Q>o{cpìhOZdarc n{hc§^mfU EoH$ë¶mda Ë¶m§Zm ‘r Oo nÌ {c{hc§ Ë¶mV n{hc§ dm³¶ Ag§ hmoV§.""H$moUr ‘w»¶‘§Ìr Pmco qH$dm H$moUr n§VàYmZ Pmco åhUOo Or JXu CgiVoË¶m JXuV {‘giUmam ‘r Zmhr. nU Vw‘M§ mfU EoH$c§ Am{U ‘cm Ag§ dmQ>c§H$s dg§Vamdm§Mr na§nam H$Xm{MV Mmcdy eHo$c Agm ‘Zwî¶ ‘w»¶‘§{ÌnXmdaAmcm Amho.'' ‘cm H$mhr Ë¶m§À¶mH$Sy>Z H$mhr {‘idm¶M§ Amho åhUyZ ‘rË¶m§M§ H$m¡VwH$ Ho$c§ Zmhr. CcQ>, ‘r Ë¶m§Zm gm§{JVc§ Amho H$s ‘r Vw‘À¶mH$S>oOo H$mhr ‘mJm¶cm ¶oB©c Vo eoVH$è¶m§H$[aVm ‘mJm¶cm ¶oB©c; ‘mÂ¶mH$[aVmH$Xm{n H$mhr ‘mJUma Zmhr; nU dg§Vamdm§Mr JmXr Zgcr Var Ë¶m§M§ d«VMmcdÊ¶mMm à¶ËZ IamoIar H$moUr Ho$cm Agoc Va Vmo Ë¶m§À¶m númr¶ qH$dmemgH$s¶ dmagm§Zr Zìho, Va Vmo Amåhr añË¶mda ~gUmè¶m eoVH$è¶m§Zr Ho$cmAg§ ‘r AmJ«hmZo gm§Jy BpÀN>Vmo. ‘moR>çm cmoH$m§M§ XþX£d Ag§ AgV§ H$s Ë¶m§Mo{eî¶ Ë¶m§À¶m ‘moR>onUmÀ¶m gmdcrV ¶oVmV. ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr hmoD$Z Joco. Z§VaË¶m§À¶m {eî¶m§Zm H$m¶ H$amd§ g‘OoZmg§ Pmc§. ‘J H$moU gyVM H$mVVmo¶, VaH$moUr J«m‘g’$mB©M H$aVmo¶! Jm§YrOtÀ¶m ZoV¥ËdmVrc H«$m§{VH$maH$Vm ~mOycmamhÿZ Jocr Am{U Ë¶mMr ’$º$ ê$T>r qH$dm AmMmaàMma VodT>mM {e„H$ am{hcm.Vg§M, dg§Vamdm§gmaIm {X½JO ‘mUyg {ZKyZ Jocm Am{U ‘J Vo Ë¶m§M§ H$m‘H$aVmZm Ogo {Xgm¶Mo Vgo AmnU {Xgcmo åhUOo Pmco Aer Ë¶m§À¶m dmagm§MrYmaUm Pmcr.

ñd. dg§Vamdm§À¶m ‘mJMr àoaUm H$m¶ hmoVr? BW§ H$mhr Ë¶m§À¶m g§nyU©H$m‘mM§ AdcmoH$Z H$aU§ e³¶ Zmhr; nU Ë¶m§Zr Ho$cocr ‘hÎdmMr H$m‘§H$moUVr?


åhUyZ Amåhmcm H$m§ÚmM§ Am§XmocZ H$amd§ cmJc§. åhUOo Am‘À¶m Am§XmocZmcmH$moUVmhr númr¶ dmg ZìhVm; nU Ë¶mdoiÀ¶m ‘w»¶‘§Í¶m§Zr åhQ>c§ H$s,""eaX Omoer ho AmYr Iao eoVH$ar AmhoV ho Ë¶m§Zm {gÕ H$ê$ Úm. ‘J AmåhrË¶m§À¶mer MMm© H$am¶Mr qH$dm Zmhr Vo ~Ky.'' AmVm {ZXmZ, ‘r eoVH$arAgmo dm Zgmo, ~mocÊ¶mcm¶H$ àmUr Amho Ag§ emgZmM§ ‘V Pmc§ hohr H$mhrdmB©Q> Zmhr.

gwYmH$aamd ZmB©H$m§À¶m XÿaXe©Zdarc Ë¶m mfUmZo EH$ Amem V¶ma Pmcr.Vr Amem ImoQ>r R>aUma Zmhr Ago ‘r J¥hrV YaVmo. H$maU, Amåhr eoVH$ar ’$madoim ‘¥JOim‘mJo YmdVmo. ’$ma ‘moR>o ZoVo åhUyZ Amåhr nwîH$i ‘w»¶‘§Í¶m§À¶m‘mJo Jocmo. Ë¶mVco H$mhr Am‘À¶m ~amo~ahr hmoVo. Z§Va Agm AZw^d AmcmH$s, ‘w»¶‘§Ìr Pmë¶mda àË¶oH$ doir oQ>co åhUOo {XcIwcmg hgyZ, JmoS>JmoS>~mocyZ Amåhr Oo H$mhr ‘mJy Ë¶mcm "hmo' åhUm¶M§ Am{U A§‘c~OmdUr eyÝ¶.gwYmH$aamdm§À¶m ^mfUmdê$Z dmQ>c§ H$s Vo H$mhrVar doJi§ H$ê$Z XmIdVrcAm{U ¶m AmeoZ§ ‘r Ë¶m§Zm nÌ {c{hc§.

gwYmH$aamdm§H$Sy>Z Ho$cocr Anoúmm H$mhr ’$ma ‘moR>r Zmhr. Amåhm XmoKm§À¶m{dMma§m‘Ü¶o ’$ma ‘moR>m ’$aH$ Amho Ag§hr Zmhr. ’$aH$ H$m¶ AmhoV?

AmVmM gwYmH$aamdm§Zr åhQ>c§ H$s Jar~ ‘mUgmcm, AJXr eodQ>À¶m‘mUgmcmhr ‘rR>, {‘aMr, Voc, Ádmar Am{U S>mi ho nmM nXmW© {‘imconm{hOoV. ¶mV H$mhr dmX Zmhr. ho nXmW© gJù¶m§Zm ñdñVmV ñdñV, R>am{dH$^mdmZo, Mm§Jë¶m JwUdÎmoMo {‘imco nm{hOoV. ¶mV H$mhr dmX AgÊ¶mMoH$maU Zmhr. H$Xm{MV AmO AmnU ‘rR>, {‘aMr, Voc Ádmar, S>mi Am{U‘w»¶‘§Ìr åhUyZ gwYmH$aamd ZmB©H$ d Ë¶m§M§ amÁ¶ Mmcy am{hc§ Va, ‘r AerAmem H$aVmo H$s, nmM dfmª‘Ü¶o AmnU Ë¶m§À¶m‘Ü¶o WmoS>oWmoS>o XÿYXþ^Vo,^mÁ¶m Am{U ’$i’$imdigwÕm Kmcy; nU nÞmg dfmªÀ¶m ñdmV§Í¶mZ§VaAmåhr AOyZ ‘rR>{‘aMrdaM AmhmoV, hr ‘mPr I§V Amho.

Am{U ‘rR>{‘aMr Oa J[a~m§Zm nmohmoMdm¶Mr Agoc Va Ë¶mgmR>rgwYmH$aamdm§Zr EH$ Mm§Jc§ dm³¶ dmnac§ H$s, ~OoQ>m‘Yco XmoZVrZeo H$moQ>rén¶o Kmcmdo cmJco Var MmcVrc nU ‘rR>, {‘aMr, Voc, Ádmar, S>migJù¶m§Zm {‘imcr nm{hOo.

H|$Ð emgZmM§ YmoaU Ag§ Zmhr Am{U Jocr Mmirg df} Vo Ag§ Zmhr. OaH$m J[a~m§Zm {‘aMr, Voc, Ádmar, S>mi ñdñV Úm¶Mr Va Ë¶m H$[aVm {‘aMrMm

eoVH$è¶m§À¶m ZoË¶mÀ¶m ñ‘¥{V{XZr H$V©~Jma eoVH$è¶mM§ H$m¡VwH$ H$aÊ¶mMmhm g‘ma§^ nmhVm nmhVm EH$ AmR>dU hmoVo Amho. H$moëhmnyacm emhÿ ‘hmamOeoVH$è¶m§À¶m, JmdÀ¶m OÌm§Zm ‘wÔm‘ hOa amhV Am{U eoVH$è¶m§Mm hm amOmOÌoVyZ MmcVm MmcVm, eoVH$è¶mMm EImXm Mm§Jcm ~¡c {Xgcm Va ‘wÔm‘C^§ amhÿZ H$m¡VwH$ H$ê$Z, OmUH$manUmZ§ Ë¶m ~¡cmM§ ‘yë¶‘mnZ H$ê$Z Ë¶meoVH$è¶mcm ~mocmdyZ Ë¶mÀ¶m nmR>rda Wmn ‘maV Ago Am{U eoVH$è¶mÀ¶mamOmZo Amnë¶m nmR>rda Wmn ‘macr åhUOo Amnco nyd©O ñdJm©cm nmohmoMcoBVH$m AmZ§X Ë¶m H$miÀ¶m eoVH$è¶m§Zm hmoV Ago. AmO Ag§ hmoV§, Zmhr Ag§Zmhr!

nU, nadm n§Yam Am°JñQ>cm n§VàYmZ nr.ìhr. Zaqghamd ¶m§Zr H$m¶ mfUHo$c§? ‘cm H$mhr Ë¶m§À¶mda Q>rH$m H$am¶Mr Zmhr. CcQ>, eoJmd ‘oimì¶mnmgyZ,Ë¶m§Zr A§{JH$macoë¶m ‘wº$ AW©ì¶dñWoÀ¶m H$m¶©H«$‘mMm ‘r nwañH$ma H$arVAmcmo Amho.

nU Oa H$m eoVH$è¶m§Mm IamIwam à{V{ZYr cmc{H$ëë¶mdê$Z 15 Am°JñQ>1992 amoOr ^mfU Úm¶cm C^m am{hcm AgVm Va Ë¶mZ§ ^mfUm‘Ü¶o n{hc§dm³¶ H$m¶ dmnac§ AgV§ ‘mhrV Amho? Ë¶mZ§ åhQ>c§ AgV§, ""‘cm maVmVë¶mgJù¶m cmoH$m§M§, eoVH$è¶m§M§ A{^Z§XZ H$ê$ Úm. nmD$g ¶oVmo H$s Zmhr AerqMVm hmoVr, nU ~hmÔam§Zmo, nmD$g Amcm; Mm§Jcr {nH§$ ¶oUma AmhoV.''^maVmÀ¶m Iè¶mIwè¶m n§VàYmZmM§ cmc {H$ëë¶mdaM§ n§Yam Am°JñQ>M§ mfUho Ë¶m dfuÀ¶m nmdgm§g§~§YmZ§ gwê$ Pmco nm{hOo Agm ‘mPm AmJ«h Amho. hoPmc§ Zmhr H$maU eoVH$è¶m§Mo ZoV¥Ëd emgZmcm Agmdo hr nÕVr h[aVH«$m§VrÀ¶m H$mim‘Ü¶o Hw$R>oVar I§{S>V Pmcr.

AmO gwYmH$aamd ZmB©H$m§Zr, BWë¶m à{Vð>mZmZ§ ‘cm AmJ«hmZ§ ~mocmdc§.‘r Oo H$mhr WmoS>§WmoS>H§$ eoVrg§~§Yr {c{hc§ Ë¶mM§ H$m¡VwH$ Ho$c§; nU ‘cmAmR>dV§ H$s 1980 ‘Ü¶o Amåhr EdT>§M åhQ>c§ H$s, n{ü‘ ‘hmamï´>m‘Ü¶o VwåhrCgmM§ ’$ma ‘moR>§ gm‘«mÁ¶ {Z‘m©U Ho$c§ åhUVm nU Cgmcm ^md Zmhr. CgmcmQ>Zmcm 300 én¶o md {‘imdm EdT>rM ‘mJUr Amåhr Ho$cr hmoVr. hr ‘mJUrH$mhr H$m±J«og{damoYr ZìhVr. Ë¶mdoir ‘mYdamd ~moañV|gmaIr H$m±J«ogMrZoVo‘§S>ir ‘mÂ¶m~amo~a ì¶mgnrR>mda hOa hmoVr. Ë¶m‘wio Ë¶mcm H$mhr {damoYrnúmmMm dmg ZìhVm. Am‘M§ n{hc§ H$m§ÚmM§ Am§XmocZ Pmc§ Voìhm {X„rcmOZVm númmM§ gaH$ma hmoVo. ‘mohZ Ym[a¶m§Zr H$m§Úmda {Z¶m©V~§Xr cmdcr


Amåhr eoVH$è¶m§À¶m dVrZo, Z‘«nUo Vw‘À¶m ZOaog AmUy BpÀN>Vmo.'' EdT>§åhUm¶cm H$mhr haH$V Zmhr Zm?

{X„rÀ¶m gÜ¶mÀ¶m H$mhr YmoaUm§~Ôc ‘cm qMVm Amho. n§Om~‘YcmeoVH$ar JìhmÀ¶m ~m~VrV AË¶§V g§Vá Amho. n§Om~Mm JìhmMm md gaH$maZoR>adcm q¹$Q>ccm 280 én¶o; ~mOmamV ^md Mmccm Amho q¹$Q>ccm 330én¶o; nU gaH$maZo ì¶dñWm Aer Ho$cr H$s AS>Ë¶m§Zr Am{U ImOJrì¶mnmè¶m§Zr JìhmÀ¶m ‘§S>r_Ü`o ¶oVmM H$m‘m Z¶o; åhUOo ‘J eoVH$è¶m§Zm280 én¶o ^mdmZo Jhÿ gaH$macm {dH$U§ ^mJ nS>md§. gJio cmoH$ VH«$ma H$aVAgVrc; nU ‘cm gm§Jm¶cm AmZ§X dmQ>Vmo H$s, Am‘À¶m g§KQ>Zo‘wio JìhmMrnwaoer dgwcr hmoD$ eH$cr Zmhr. ¶§Xm Amåhr WmoS>§ H$‘r nS>cmo. nU H|$ÐemgZmM§ ho YmoaU nwT>o Ag§M Mmcy am{hc§ Va n§O~m‘Ü¶o nwT>À¶mdoir EH$nmoV§gwÕm Jhÿ gaH$mar IaoXr¶§ÌUocm {‘iy Z¶o Aer ì¶dñWm H$aÊ¶mMmAmåhr à¶ËZ H$ê$. eoVH$è¶m§Zm 330 én¶o {‘iy Z¶o Aer gaH$maZo ì¶dñWmHo$ë¶m‘wio dgwcr H$‘r Pmcr, Ë¶mda gaH$maZo H$m¶ Cnm¶ Ho$cm? Ë¶mgaH$maZo q¹$Q>c‘mJo 556 én¶o IM© H$ê$Z H°$ZS>mVyZ Jhÿ AmUyZ Am‘À¶mXoem‘Ü¶o AmoVcm. gwYmH$aamd, Amåhm eoVH$è¶m§À¶m dVrZo, {X„rcm OmD$ZH$moUr {dZ‘«nUo åhUoc H$m H$s Vwåhr nrEc² 480 BVH$s df} Mmcdco, Ë¶mZoH$mhr XoemVcm JìhmMm àíZ g§ncm Zmhr; dg§Vamd ZmB©H$m§Zr h[aV H«$m§VrMrgwédmV Ho$cr Am{U eoVH$è¶m§Zm àmoËgmhZ {Xco Voìhm JìhmMm àíZ g§ncmAm{U Amåhr AÞYmÝ¶mÀ¶m ~m~VrV ñd¶§nyU© Pmcmo. n§.Zohê§$À¶m H$mimVcmnrEc² 480 Mm H$a§Q>onUm H$ê$ ZH$m, Ago Vw‘À¶mn¡H$s Hw$Ur åhUoc H$m?

{X„r‘Ycm EH$ OU Ag§ åhUmcm, H$moUmhr númr¶ ‘mUgmcm Oo g‘Ococ§Zmhr qH$dm g‘Oc§ Var ~mocm¶Mr {h§‘V Zmhr Vo, Oo númr¶ amOH$maUmVrcZmhrV Ago AW©‘§Ìr ‘Z‘mohZqgJ åhUmco. Vo åhUmco, ""EH$ df© ’$º$ ‘cmÚm. McZdmT>rMm àíZ BVH$m J§^ra Amho H$s AmOÀ¶m H$mim‘Ü¶o H$mhr Jmoï>rH$aUo ‘cm ^mJ Amho; nU EH$ dfm©Z§Va ‘mP§ YmoaU eoVH$ar-AZwHy$c hmoV§H$s Zmhr Vwåhr R>adm Am{U Vwåhmcm Oa dmQ>c§ H$s ‘r eoVH$ar-AZwHy$c ZmhrVa Vwåhr gm§Jmc Vr {eúmm ^moJm¶cm ‘r V¶ma Amho.'' Omo ‘Zwî¶ númr¶amOH$maUmVcm Zmhr Vmo ho ~mocy eH$Vmo Va ‘J Amåhr eoVH$è¶m§Zr {ZdSy>Z{Xcoco Vwåhr Am‘Mo ZoVo ho H$m ~mocV ZmhrV?

AmO, àíZ H$mhr ’$º$ JìhmÀ¶m Am¶mVrMm Zmhr. 10 cmI Q>Z JìhmMr

^md nmS>cm nm{hOo, ^wB©‘wJmMm ^md H$_r am{hcm nm{hOo. ÁdmarMm H$‘mc^md R>acm nm{hOo; Ë¶mÀ¶m da Oa H$m ^md Om¶cm cmJcm Va naXoemVyZAm¶mV H$ê$Z Ë¶m dñVy Amåhr BW§ AmoVy nU md da OmD$ XoUma Zmhr ho H|$ÐemgZmM§ YmoaU Amho.

‘rXoIrc eoVr H$am¶cm cmJcmo Voìhm gËH$ma‘yVu eoVH$è¶m§À¶m CËgmhmZ§MH$am¶cm cmJcmo. ‘r H$mhr Am§XmocZ H$am¶cm Amcmo ZìhVmo; nU OÝ‘mZ§eoVH$ar Zgë¶mZo ‘cm eoVr dmMyZ-dmMyZ H$am¶cm cmJm¶Mr. Zì¶mZo c¾Pmcocr J¥{hUr Og§ ñd¶§nmH$emómdarc nwñVH$ dmMV dmMV ñd¶§nmH$ H$aVoVer ‘r eoVr H$arV hmoVmo. Ë¶mdoir Am~mgmho~ nmQ>rc eoVH$ar ‘m{gH$Mmcdm¶Mo. ^wB©‘yJ H$gm H$am¶Mm? Am~mgmho~m§Zr {c{hc§ H$s ^wB©‘wJm‘Ü¶oVrZXmVar IwanUr H$amdr. Ë¶doir ‘r pñdËPcªS>‘YyZ g§¶wº$ amï´>mVrc ZmoH$argmoSy>Z Amcmo hmoVmo. WmoS>m àmopìhS>§S> ’§$S> {e„H$ hmoVm. Amåhr Am~mgmho~m§Zrgm§{JVë¶mà‘mUo IwanUr Ho$cr Am{U Z§Va ‘mÂ¶m Ag§ cúmmV Amc§ H$s VrZIwanÊ¶m H$ê$Z Amnc§ H$mhr O‘m¶M§ Zmhr. ^wB©‘wJmcm Omo ^md {‘iVmo VmonmhVm VrZ IwanÊ¶m nadS>m¶À¶m ZmhrV. ‘J hiyhiy Amåhr EH$ ZdrZV§ÌkmZmH$S>o Amcmo. Ë¶mcm ‘r Zmd {Xc§ Amho, h[aV H«$m§Vr Zmhr, Vagìhm©¶ìhc Q>o³Zmocm°Or (Survival Technology). åhUOo, eoVH$ar åhUyZOJyZ amhm¶M§ Agoc Va Oo V§ÌkmZ dmnam¶cm cmJV§ Ë¶mcm Amåhr gìhm©¶ìhcQ>o³Zm°cm°Or åhUVmo. ho V§ÌkmZ dmnam¶M§ Zgoc Va ‘J Xþgam EH$ Cnm¶ Amho.Vmo åhUOo JmdÀ¶m XÿY gmogm¶Q>r‘Ü¶o {ZdSy>Z Om¶Mo qH$dm AmgnmgÀ¶mgmogm¶Q>çm§À¶m amOH$maUmV nS>m¶M§, {ZdS>UwH$m cT>dm¶À¶m dJ¡ao; nU Ë¶múmoÌmV Joc§ H$s ‘J H$mhr, eoVr‘mcmMm CËnmXZIM© {H$Vr Amho Am{U Ë¶mcm{H§$_V H$m¶ {‘iVo ¶mcm H$mhr ’$mag§ ‘hÎd amhV Zmhr. nU eoVH$è¶m§Zmgìhm©¶ìhc Q>o³Zm°cm°Or{edm¶ n¶m©¶ amhmV Zmhr, ¶mMo H$maU H|$Ð emgZmMoYmoaU Amho.

‘r e§H$aamd MìhmUm§Zm Vo ‘w»¶‘§Ìr AgVmZm H$nmer~Ôc EH$ AmdmhZHo$c§ hmoV§ Am{U AmVmÀ¶m emgZmcmhr H$arV Amho. CËnmXZ dmT>dm¶M§ AmhoZm? Amåhr eoVH$ar Vw‘À¶m~amo~a AmhmoV; Amåhmcm Xþga§ H$m‘ H$m¶ Amho?nU Ooìhm Ooìhm Vwåhmcm Ag§ nQ>oc H$s H|$Ð emgZmM§ YmoaU ho eoVH$ar{damoYrAmho Ë¶mdoir Vwåhr Vw‘Mm núm gmoS>m¶Mm Zmhr, Vw‘Mr IwMu gmoS>m¶Mr Zmhr’$º$ {X„rcm OmD$Z EH$ dm³¶ ~mocm H$s, ""Vw‘M§ ho YmoaU MwH$sM§ Amho Ag§


åhUyZM am{hco. nU, ho Ogo eoVH$è¶m§Mo h[aVH«$m§VrÀ¶m Q>ßß¶mVrc eodQ>MoZoVo hmoVo Vgo AmO gwYmH$aamdm§Zr ‘w»¶‘§Ìr åhUyZ H$mhr ~Xc Ho$cm Zmhr Va‘cm XþX£dmZo åhUmdo cmJoc H$s, ‘hmamï´>mMo eodQ>Mo ‘w»¶‘§Ìr hmoVo. Ë¶mZ§Va,‘hmamï´>mV ‘w»¶‘§Ìr Pmco ZhrV. {X„rhÿZ ‘hmamï´> àm§Vmda gw^oXmamMr Zo‘UyH$ìhm¶cm cmJcr. gw^oXma Hw$R>n¶ªV da OmUma Ë¶mÀ¶m H$mhr ‘¶m©Xm AmhoV.nU Oa H$m Vwåhr BWë¶m gJù¶m eoVH$è¶m§Mo Amerdm©X ¿¶mc Va {X„r‘Ü¶oAer H$moUVrhr VmH$X Zmhr H$s Or Vwåhmcm gm§Jy eHo$c H$s Vwåhr AmVm BWyZ{ZKm. ¶m‘wio {ZXmZ, Ë¶m IwMu~amo~a eoVH$è¶m§MoM Zìho Va gmè¶m XoemMoH$ë¶mU Ho$ë¶mMo g‘mYmZ {‘ioc. Hw$UmÀ¶mVar d{eë¶mZo, Hw$UmÀ¶mVarMncm CMcë¶m åhUyZ qH$dm Hw$UmMo Var nm¶ nwgco åhUyZ ‘w»¶‘§Ìr am{hcmoAgo åhUÊ¶mnoúmm eoVH$è¶m§À¶m godo‘Ycm JmdnmVirMm H$m¶©H$Vm© amhÊ¶m‘Ü¶og‘mYmZ Amho Ago Omo ‘mZrc Vmo ‘moR>m. ñd. dg§Vamdm§Mr à{V‘m d àoaUm hrhmoVr.

gwYmH$aamdm§Zr nmÊ¶mMm EH$ àíZ ‘m§S>cm Am{U nmÊ¶mMm àíZ IamoIarMJ§^ra Amho. ¶§Xm AmVm nmD$g nS>cm Amho. nwgX mJmV Mm§Jcm Pmcm Amho,{nH§$ Ia§M gw§Xa AmhoV. nwT>§ H$m¶ hmoV§ ‘mhrV Zmhr; nU Am‘À¶m nwUo^mJmVcm nmD$g AmOda Agm Amho H$s {d{hatZm AOyZ nmUr cmJcoc§ Zmhr.Oa H$m AmVm nmdgmZo aOm ¿¶m¶Mr R>adcr Va ¶§Xm ~hþVoH$ ’o$~«wdmarnmgyZMgwYmH$aamdm§Zm XþîH$mimMm AmUr~mUrMm H$m¶©H«$‘ am~dmdm cmJUma Amho. hoAmVm Zoh‘rM§M Pmc§ Amho. AOyZhr H$mhr ^mJmV Q>±H$aZo nmUr nwadmd§cmJV§M Amho.

XþîH$mimMm àíZ gmoS>{dÊ¶mH$[aVm AÊUmgmho~ hOma|Zr Ë¶m§À¶m Jmdm‘Ü¶oH$m‘ Ho$c§ Amho. BVahr AZoH$ Jmdm§‘Ü¶o Vg§ H$m‘ H$aVm ¶oB©c. H$mhr ‘§S>irAg§hr gm§JVrc H$s PmS>r cmdë¶m‘wio nmD$g Mm§Jcm nS>Vmo, åhUyZ PmS>rcmdm. Vg§ h„r PmS>r cmdU§ hm ~amM {H$’$m¶Vera "Y§Xm' Pmcm Amho. ‘rXhm dfmªnmgyZ gm§JVmo Amho H$s PmS>r cmdë¶mZo nmD$g dmT>Vmo hr H$ënZmMwH$sMr Amho.

XþîH$mimMo H$m¶‘Mo {Z‘y©cZ H$am¶oM Agoc Va ZwgV§ "nmUr AS>dm, nmUr{Oadm'Z§ ^mJm¶M§ Zmhr, Hw$Ur Var gm§{JVc§ åhUyZ PmS>r cmdyZhr nwam¶M§Zmhr; Ë¶mH$aVm, ghm dfmªÀ¶m {nH$mda eoVH$è¶mcm gmV df} {ZpíM¨VnUoOJVm ¶oB©c Ago YmoaU AmIco nm{hOo.

Am¶mV Pmcr Amho. AOyZ 10 cmI Q>Z hmoUma, Ag§ åhUVmV. Joë¶mAmR>dS>çmVrc dV©‘mZnÌm§Vrc ~mVå¶mdê$Z H$iV§ H$s 50 hOma Q>Z nm‘mo{cZVoc ’w$H$Q> AmUm¶M§ R>ac§ Amho Am{U Á¶m XÿY ‘hmnya ¶moOZoZo XoemVë¶m XÿY¶moOZoM§ dmQ>moio Ho$co-åhUOo naXoemVyZ XÿY nmdS>a d cmoUr AmUyZ Ë¶mM§XÿY H$ê$Z BWë¶m XþYmMo ^md nmS>co d BWë¶m XÿY¶moOZoMr hmZr Ho$cr-Vr¶moOZm nwÝhm Mmcy Pmcr Amho. XÿY‘hmnya ¶moOZm-3 ¶m ZmdmZo. nwÝhm EH$Xm¶wamondmë¶m§Zr Amnë¶mcm {Xcoc§ cmoUr Am{U XÿYnmdS>a BW§ AmUyZ BWë¶meoVH$è¶m§Mo ^md nmS>Ê¶mMm H$m¶©H«$‘ Mmcy Pmcm Amho.

BW§ EH$ ‘hÎdmMm ‘wÔm cúmmV KoVcm nm{hOo. ¶wamon‘Ü¶o {VWcr gaH$maoeoVH$è¶m§Zm XþYmcm AË¶§V Mm§Jcm ^md XoVmV. Ë¶m‘wio XþYmMo AVmoZmVCËnmXZ hmoVo. XþYmÀ¶m ZÚm dmhVmV Am{U cmoUr d MrOMo S>m|Ja V¶mahmoVmV. H$moR>o gmR>dmdo Ë¶m§Zm H$iV Zmhr. hm OmXm Pmcocm ‘mc VoqhXþñWmZgma»¶m Xoemcm Úm¶cm V¶ma hmoVmV; nU XþYmMm md H$‘r H$am¶cmV¶ma hmoV ZmhrV. Vwåhr OmñV {nH$dm, OmñV ^md ¿¶m, XþYmM§ H$m¶ H$am¶M§Vo AmnU Z§Va ~Ky, Ag§ ¶wamonr¶ gaH$mao åhUVmV Am{U Am‘À¶m XoemMoH$a§Q>o amÁ¶H$V} åhUVmV, ""Vw‘Mo Vo OmXm XÿY Amåhmcm Úm, Amåhr Am‘À¶mXoemVë¶m XwYmMo ^md nmS>Vmo.'' Aem VèhoZo naXoemVrc XþYmÀ¶m gmhmæ¶mZo"XÿY' åhUyZ {c{hcoë¶m JmS>çm {’$am¶cm cmJë¶m Am{U {R>H${R>H$mUr erVH$aU¶§Ìo ~gdcr H$s åhUm¶Mo XÿY-H«$m§Vr Pmcr!

Ia§ Va ‘hmamîQ´>mZo XþYmMr H«$m§Vr eoVH$è¶m§À¶m gmhmæ¶mZo H$ê$Z XmI{dcr.Ë¶mgmR>r AZoH$ H$m¶©H$Ë¶mªZr H$ï> KoVco; nU JwOamVgmaIr AZwHy$c n[apñWVrZgVmZm ‘hmamï´>mV XþYmMr H«$m§Vr Pmcr ¶mMo H$maU ‘hmamï´>mVë¶m emgZmZoXþYmÀ¶m {H$_VrÀ¶m YmoaUm~Ôc OmJê$H$Vm XmI{dcr Am{U Ë¶mM§ lo¶n{hc§ XÿY^mVmM§ Am§XmocZ H$aUmè¶m eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZocmM Amho.

AmVm, BVH§$ gai gai eoVH$ar{damoYr YmoaU H|$Ð emgZ am~dV AgVmZm,"ho YmoaU MwH$sM§ Amho' BVH§$gwÕm eoVH$è¶m§Zr {ZdSy>Z {Xcoco à{V{ZYr H$m~mocV ZmhrV? eoVH$è¶m§Zr Vwåhmcm ZoVo åhUyZ {ZdS>c§ Amho, Vwåhr ‘§Ìrìhm, ‘w»¶‘§Ìr ìhm, CÚm Vw‘À¶mn¡H$s Hw$Ur n§VàYmZmÀ¶m OmJoH$S>ohr OmVrc;nU n§VàYmZmÀ¶m OmJoH$S>o OmUmam Omo gdm©V Mm§Jcm ‘mJ© Amho Vmo eoVH$è¶m§À¶mAmerdm©XmVyZ OmVmo, {X„rÀ¶m ‘OuVyZ Zmhr. ñd. dg§Vamd ~mam df} ‘w»¶‘§{ÌnXram{hco, Vo H$em‘wio am{hco? Ë¶m§Mr àoaUm eoVH$è¶m§À¶m {hVmMr hmoVr,


{‘i{dÊ¶mH$[aVm Am{U {Q>H${dÊ¶mH$[aVm EdT>r H$Q>H$mañWmZ§ H$aVmog, Hw$UmgR>mD$H$ H$Xm{MV hr n¥Ïdr Vy Joë¶mZ§Va VwÂ¶m~amo~a ñdJm©V ¶oUma Agoc!''

Á¶m§Zr Á¶m§Zr {X„rcm OmD$Z eoVH$è¶m§M§ B‘mZ {dH$c§ Ë¶m§Mo hmV Hw$R>oAm^mimcm cmJco ZmhrV. AmO cmoH$ ñd¶§ñ’y$VuZo, ñd¶§àoaUoZo ¶oVmV Vo ñd.dg§Vamd ZmB©H$m§Zm lÕm§Ocr dmhm¶cm. ‘moR>r ‘mUg§ H$moU hmoVmV? ‘w»¶‘§ÌrIyn Pmco. ‘r qhXþñWmZmV ¶oD$Z Am§XmocZ H$am¶cm cmJë¶mnmgyZ {H$Vr‘w»¶‘§Ìr Pmco ¶mMr ¶mXr H$am¶cm ~gcmo Va AmR>dVgwÕm Zmhr. AmVmàdmgmV Hw$R>o Ë¶m§À¶mn¡H$s Hw$Ur ^oQ>co H$s AmR>dV§, ‘w»¶‘§Ìr AgVmZmË¶m§Mm H$m¶ WmQ> Agm¶Mm. dmQ>oZo ‘w»¶‘§Ìr Iyn nS>coV; nU AmR>dU hmoVodg§Vamd ZmB©H$m§Mr.

AmO Amåhmcm AmR>dU hmoVo Omo{V~m ’w$ë¶m§Mr. Omo{V~m ’w$co JìhZ©aOZacÀ¶m Xa~mamV Im§Úmda Km|JS>§ Q>mHy$Z Joë¶mMr Jmoï> gJù¶m§ZmM R>mD$H$Amho. Ë¶mdoir JìhZ©a OZac H$moU hmoVm ho H$moUmcm AmR>dV§ H$m? Vmo VaË¶mdoir WmQ>‘mQ>mV Xa~mamV ~gcm hmoVm. Omo{V~m ’w$co Km|JS>§ Im§ÚmdaQ>mHy$Z Joco hmoVo. AmVm O¶O¶H$ma hmoVmo Omo{V~m ’w$ë¶m§Mm. AmO OmJmoOmJnwVio C^o AmhoV Omo{V~m ’w$ë¶m§Mo. Ë¶m JìhZ©a OZacM§ ZmdgwÕm Hw$UmÀ¶mcúmmV Zmhr. ‘w»¶‘§Ìr AZoH$ hmoD$Z Joco, {dgaco OmVrc. Ë¶m§Mr Zmd§B{VhmgmV amhUma ZmhrV. nU dg§Vamd ZmB©H$m§M§ Zmd B{VhmgmV amhUmaAmho. Ë¶mV H$Xm{MV hohr {c{hc§ OmB©c H$s ‘Yë¶m ~mam dfmªÀ¶m H$mimVVo ‘hmamï>mMo ‘w»¶‘§Ìrhr hmoVo. Ë¶m§Mo ‘moR>onU ‘w»¶‘§{ÌnXmV Zmhr, ‘hmamï>mÀ¶mZoVonXmV Amho.

Am{U Oa H$m Agm Hw$Ur ZoVm Amåhm eoVH$è¶m§Zm {‘imcm H$s amOH$maUmVamhÿZ H$m hmoB©Zm, nU eoVH$è¶m§Mr ~mOy KoUmam, nmD$g nS>V Zmhr åhQ>ë¶mdaqMVrV hmoUmam, {dc§~mZo ¶oUmam nmD$g Amcm åhQ>ë¶mda ‘§Ìmc¶mV‘w»¶‘§Í¶m§À¶m ImocrVgwÕm XmoZeo én¶m§Mo noT>o dmQ>Umam- Va Vmo Amåhmcmhdm Amho. "dg§Vamd ZmB©H$' nwÝhm BW§ ¶mdm ¶m AnoúmoZo ‘r nmhVmo Amho Ag§‘r gwYmH$aamdm§À¶m nÌmV åhQ>c§ Amho Am{U VrM Anoúmm ‘r BW§ ì¶º$ H$aVmo.

Amåhr H$moUrhr Am§XmocZ H$aÊ¶mH$[aVm OÝ‘mcm Amcmo Zmhr. ‘r H$mhrAm§XmocZ H$aUmam åhUOo VéUnUmnmgyZ qPXm~mX åhUV AmoaS>Umam ‘Zwî¶Zmhr. 20/25 dfmªÀ¶m gaH$mar Am{U g§¶wº$ amï´>mVrc ZmoH$arZ§Va ‘r OoìhmeoVr H$am¶cm cmJcmo Am{U ‘r Ag§ nm{hc§ H$s eoVH$ar åhUyZ B‘mZoBV~mao

AmUIr, H$mnyg EH$m{YH$ma IaoXr ¶moOZo~Ôc ‘r ~mocy BpÀN>Vmo. nyduì¶mnmar chmZ chmZ gwè¶m§Zr eoVH$è¶m§À¶m ‘mZm H$mnV AgVrc, Va AmVm¶m ZdrZ ¶moOZoà‘mUo {X„rcm eoVH$è¶m§À¶m ‘mZm H$mnUmam EH$ AË¶mYw{ZH$H$ÎmcImZm Mmcy Pmcm Amho Am{U Ë¶m‘wio eoVH$è¶m§À¶m gagH$Q> ‘mZmH$mnÊ¶mMr ì¶dñWm Pmcr Amho. ñd. dg§Vamd ZmB©H$m§Mr hr àoaUm hmoVr H$m?Zmhr. ¶m ¶moOZoMr gwédmVrÀ¶m XmoZ dfmªÀ¶m H$mimVrc H$m‘{Jar ¶mMr ½dmhrXoVo; nU, 1986 gmcr H|$Ð gaH$maZo ’$Vdm H$mT>cm H$s H$mnyg EH$m{YH$maIaoXr ¶moOZoVrc H$mngmMm h‘r ^md AmYma^yV {H$_Vrnoúmm OmñV AgVmH$m‘m Z¶o. ‘J, EH$m{YH$mamMr ‘ºo$Xmar eoVH$è¶m§Zr H$emH$aVm ‘mÝ¶ H$amdr?‘moR>r XþX£dmMr Jmoï> Aer H$s VËH$mcrZ ‘w»¶‘§Ìr qH$dm númm§Mo nwT>mar ¶m§n¡H$sHw$Urhr ¶m àíZmda AmdmO CR>dm¶cm nwT>o Amcm Zmhr. Amåhr eaX ndmam§ZmåhQ>c§, e§H$aamd MìhmUm§Zm åhQ>c§ H$s H|$ÐmMm hm Omo ’$Vdm Amho Vmo Vw‘À¶m¶moOZoÀ¶m {déÕ Amho. AmnU ~amo~a OmD$ qH$dm Amåhr ~amo~a ZH$mo Agë¶mgVwåhr EH$Q>o Om Am{U hm ’$Vdm ¶mo½¶ Zmhr Ag§ H|$Ð gaH$macm gm§Jm. nUHw$Ur V¶ma Zmhr. ‘ZmV ^rVr, Oa H$m H$mngmÀ¶m ^mdm~Ôc VH«$ma Ho$cr Va‘J Amnë¶m ^mÀ¶mcm {‘im¶M§ Vo {VH$rQ {‘ioc qH$dm Zmhr ¶mMr ImÌrgm§JVm ¶oUma Zmhr.

H$moUmcm amJ ¶mdm qH$dm H$moUmcm Q>moMyZ ~mocmdo åhUyZ ‘r ho ~moccmoZmhr. nU, eoVH$è¶m§À¶m {hVmM§ H$mhr H$am¶M§ Agoc Va Ë¶m ‘mJm©Vco ho OoYm|S>o AmhoV Vo Xÿa Ho$co nm{hOoV. ¶m eoVH$è¶m§À¶m nmoam§Zr Amåhm eoVH$è¶m§Mo’$ma ZwH$gmZ Ho$c§ Amho. eoVH$è¶mMm nmoaJm ‘§Ìmc¶mV Jocm Am{U Ë¶mcmEH$Xm H$m Ë¶m Jm{cMmda Mmcm¶Mr gd¶ cmJcr H$s Ë¶mcm H$mngmcm ^mdH$m¶ {‘iVmo Ë¶mMr ndm© amhV Zmhr. Ë¶mM§ S>moH§$ doJù¶mM {XeoZ§ MmcVAgV§. AOyZ daÀ¶m OmJr H$g§ Om¶M§ Am{U gÜ¶mÀ¶m ‘w»¶‘§Í¶mÀ¶m nm¶mVnm¶ KmcyZ Ë¶m OmJoda Amncm ³co‘ H$gm cmdm¶Mm ¶mMr qMVm Ë¶mcmnS>cocr AgVo. ‘J, H|$ÐmÀ¶m YmoaUm{déÕ Vmo ~mocV Zmhr. ñdV: ‘moR>§hmoÊ¶mH$[aVm, ¶m eoVH$è¶m§Mr nmoa§ Agcoë¶m nwT>mè¶m§Zr eoVH$è¶mcm XmdUrcm~m§YyZ Ë¶m§M§ emofU H$g§ hmoB©c ¶m {X„rÀ¶m ¶moOZocm hmV^ma cmdcm. Ag§H$ê$Z H$m¶ {‘idc§? Hw$Urhr Ë¶m§À¶mVcm ‘moR>m Pmcm Zmhr. ‘w§O ZmdmÀ¶mamOmcm H$m{cXmgmZ§ EH$Xm åhQ>c§ H$s, ""~m ‘w§Om, AmOn¶ªV ’$ma ‘moR>o‘moR>oamOo hmoD$Z Joco nU Ë¶m§À¶m EH$mÀ¶mhr ~amo~a H$mhr n¥Ïdr Jocr Zmhr. Vy amÁ¶


EH$drg

H¥${f^dZmMm {dXþfH$s Mmim

OZVm XcmMo ‘mOr n§VàYmZ {dœZmW àVmnqgJ ¶m§Zr amï´>r¶ H¥${fZrVrV¶ma H$aÊ¶mMo VrZ dfmªnydu Omhra Ho$co. Joë¶m {S>g|~a ‘{hÝ¶mV cmoH$g og‘moagÜ¶mMo H¥$fr ‘§Ìr lr. ~cam‘ OmIa ¶m§Zr eoVH$r YmoaUmg§~§YrÀ¶m R>amdmMm‘gwXm gmXa Ho$cm.

S>m|Ja nmoIê$Z C§Xra H$mT>mdm Am{U Vmo C§Xrahr ‘ococm Agmdm, Agm hmàH$ma Amho. 60 H$moQ>r eoVH$è¶m§MoM Zìho Va 87 H$moQ>r§À¶m XoemMo ^{dVì¶R>adUmam hm ‘gwXm XmoZ Amoir§V Eogn¡g A§Va gmoSy>Zhr H$gm~gm gmS>onmMnmZr ^aVmo. ñdmV§Í¶mnmgyZ Am¡Úmo{JH$ YmoaU AZoH$Xm Omhra Pmco; nUeoVrg§~§Yr YmoaU ‘mÌ EH$Xmhr V¶ma H$aÊ¶mV Amco Zmhr ¶m~Ôc ìhr.nr.qgJm§Zr Amü¶© ì¶º$ Ho$co hmoVo. nU H¥${fYmoaU åhUOo gmS>onmM nmZm§Mm R>amdAgoc Va Agcm R>amd 50 dfm©V Z Pmë¶mZo eoVH$è¶m§Mo qH$dm XoemMo H$mhrZwH$gmZ Pmco Amho Ago dmQ>V Zmhr. nyduÀ¶m gaH$maMr AZoH$ YmoaUo Am{U{ZU©¶ ZdrZ gaH$mao CcQ>dVmV Am{U {’$adVmV. amd gaH$macm eoVrÀ¶mYmoaUmg§~§Yr R>amd H$aÊ¶mMm {ZU©¶ aÔ~mVc H$aUo AdKS> dmQ>co Agmdo,Ë¶m‘wio eoVH$ar g‘mOmV Ag§Vmof {Z‘m©U hmoB©c Aer Ë¶m§Zm qMVm dmQ>crAgmdr. åhUyZ YmoaU Va Omhra H$am¶Mo nU Ë¶mV YmoaU åhUyZ R>odm¶Mo ZmhrAer Img nr.ìhr. Zaqgh amd gaH$maMr ‘Ü¶‘‘mJu ZrVr MmcdÊ¶mV AmcrAgmdr.

AmOn¶ªV H¥$fr ZrVr {c{hÊ¶mÀ¶m CnX²>ì¶mnmV H$moUVohr gaH$ma nS>coZmhr ¶mMo H$maU CKS> Amho. emgZmMo YmoaU eoVH$è¶m§Mo ‘aU Agë¶mZoË¶mMr Omhra dmÀ¶Vm H$aUo H$moUmhr gaH$macm nadSÊ¶mgmaIo ZìhVo. Ë¶m‘wioeoVH$ar H$ë¶mUmÀ¶m Am{U {hVmÀ¶m KmofUm H$arV H$arV eoVH$è¶m§Mm Jim

am~yZgwÕm ‘mP§ XaamoOM§ ^mJy Z¶o Am{U XþîH$mi Amcm åhUOo ‘cm IS>r’$moS>m¶cm Omd§ cmJmd§ Aem OmUrdnyd©H$ ¶moOZm d YmoaU§ AmIcr OmVAmhoV Voìhm Ë¶m{déÕ CR>Ê¶mIoarO JË¶§Va Zmhr, åhUyZ ‘r ¶m ‘mJm©cmcmJcmo.

gwYmH$aamd, Vwåhr Oa hm eoVH$è¶m§Mm àíZ CR>dcm Va ¶m H$m‘mVZ§ ‘r‘moH$im hmoB©Z Am{U eoVH$è¶m§Zm EH$ {Xdg gm§Jy eHo$c H$s AmVm Amnë¶mcmAm§XmocZ H$aÊ¶mMr JaO Zmhr. H$maU, eoVmVcm eoVH$ar "amOm' Pmcm Amho.EdT>§ gm§Jm¶cm {‘imd§ Am{U ‘J {Zd¥Îm ìhm¶cm {‘imd§ EdT>r EH$ BÀN>mñd. dg§Vamd ZmB©H$m§À¶m nwÊ¶ñ‘¥VrÀ¶m ¶m H$m¶©H«$‘mÀ¶m {Z{‘ÎmmZo Amnë¶mgJù¶m§À¶m gmúmrZo H$aVmo.



-nrH$ Am{U OZmdao ¶m§À¶m {då¶mMr ZdrZ àH$maMr ì¶dñWm H$aUo.-eoVrCËnmXZ dmT>dÊ¶mgmR>r d Ë¶mMr {d{dYVm dmT>dÊ¶mgmR>r EH$ XrK©

‘wXVrMo YmoaU R>adUo.-CÚmoJY§Úm§À¶m ~amo~arMr eoVrgmR>r nmofH$ nUZ Am{U Jw§VdUyH$ ì¶dñWm

V¶ma H$aUo.-O‘rZgwYma nwT>o aoQ>Uo.-O{‘ZrMm ‘JXÿa cúmmV KoD$Z {dH$mg H$aUo.-nmdgmMo nmUr gmMdÊ¶mg MmcZm XoUo.hr Agcr AOmJi AmœmgZm§Mr am§JÀ¶m am§J ‘gwÚmV gmnS>Vo.‘gwÚmcm emiH$ar nmoamMm {Z~§Y åhUUogwÕm H$R>rU Amho. H$moUVmhr

emim‘mñVa nmoam§À¶m {Z~§YmV MmcdyZ KoUma Zmhr Aer nañna{damoYr {dYmZm§Mr‘gwÚmV aocMoc Amho. ‘gwÚmÀ¶m gwédmVrgM AmOÀ¶m eoVrnwT>rc ‘hÎdmMrAmìhmZo H$moUVr åhUyZ gVam Jmoï>tMr cm§~cMH$ ¶mXr {Xcr Amho. n[aÀN>oX4 Vo 13 ¶m 10 n[aÀN>oXmV ¶m 17 AmìhmZm§Zm Vm|S> XoÊ¶mMm {df¶ Amho.åhUOo EH$m n[aÀN>oXm‘mJo 1.7 AmìhmZo. EH$m hmVmg AmìhmZ Am{U Xþgè¶m~mOyg Ë¶mdaMm VmoS>Jm Agm EH$mg EH$ g§~§Y cmdUo AdKS> Amho. àË¶úmmVAYm© EH$ S>PZ AmìhmZo Aer AmhoV H$s Á¶m§Mm Z§VaÀ¶m n[aÀN>oXmV ZmdmcmgwÕmC„oI Zmhr Am{U Z§VaÀ¶m n[aÀN>oXm§V Aem H$mhr Jmoï>tMm C„oI Amho H$s,Á¶m§Mm AmìhmZm§À¶m ¶mXrV g‘mdoe Zmhr. Aer hr gmar J§‘V Amho.

{OWo EH$mg EH$ AmìhmZ Am{U YmoaU Agm AmH$S>odmarZo g§~§Y cmJVmo{VWoXoIrc n[apñWVr ’$maer g‘mYmaH$maH$ Amho Ago Zmhr.

CXmhaUmW©: O{‘ZrMr YmaUm H$‘r hmoV Amho. O{‘ZrMo VwH$S>o nS>V AmhoVAm{U Ë¶m‘wio ì¶dñWmnZ Am{U eoVrMo CËnÞ ¶mda {dnarV n[aUm‘ hmoVAmhoV ho EH$ AmìhmZ åhUyZ gm§{JVco Amho. ¶mcm CÎma åhUyZ eoVrMrVwH$S>o~§Xr H$aÊ¶mMr qH$dm {ZXmZ EH$Ì d{hdmQ> H$aÊ¶mMr H$mhr AmH$f©H$¶moOZm YmoaUmV {Xcr Agoc åhUyZ nmhmdo Va ’$gJV hmoB©c. O‘rZgwYmaH$m¶Úm§Mr ZoQ>mZo A§‘c~OmdUr H$aUo EdT>m EH$M C„oI Z§VaÀ¶m n[aÀN>oXmVAmho. åhUOo, O{‘ZtMo AmUIr VwH$S>o H$aÊ¶mMr ¶moOZm Amho. {dÎm‘§Ìr S>m°.‘Z‘mohZqgJ ¶m§À¶m Mmcy dfm©À¶m Am{W©H$ AhdmcmV O{‘ZrMr VwH$S>o~§XrH$aÊ¶mMm AmJ«h YaÊ¶mV Amcm Amho. ~cam‘ OmIa ‘mÌ EdT>r qh‘VXmIdm¶cm V¶ma ZmhrV.

H$mnÊ¶mMo H$m‘ ñdmV§Í¶mZ§Va {~ZYmñVnUo Mmcy Amho. Zohê$ì¶dñWm H$mogicr,Xoemda Am{W©H$ A[aï> Amco Varhr {ZXmZ eoVrÀ¶m ~m~VrV Var OwZoM YmoaUnwT>o aoQ>m¶Mm à`ËZ gaH$ma H$arV Amho. ~cam‘ OmIam§À¶m ¶m ‘gwÚmV AerMJwiJwirV, Jmoc‘mc Am{U JmoS>JmoS> ^mfm dmnaÊ¶mV Amcr Amho. nU ¶mJwiJwirV eãXm§VyZ H$mhr {ZpíMV YmoaUmMr {Xem ñnï> hmoV Zgë¶m‘wioàË¶úmmV ‘mÌ gaH$ma ‘Z‘mZr H$am¶cm ‘moH$io amhrc Agm hm gaH$mar S>mdAmho.

H¥${fZrVrÀ¶m ¶m R>amdmcm R>amd Var H$go åhUmdo? g§gXoZo H$am¶À¶mR>amdmMr EH$ {d{eï> e¡cr Am{U ^mfm AgVo. Ë¶m YmQ>UrV hm ‘gwXm{c{hcocm Zmhr. EImÚm emiH$ar nmoamZo eoVr{df¶r AñVmì¶ñV {Z~§Y{chmdm Vgo ¶mMo ñdê$n Amho. ‘gwÚmÀ¶m eodQ>À¶m n[aÀN>oXmV coIH$mcm hmR>amdmg ‘gwXm Amho Ago åhQ>ë¶mMm {dga nS>cm Am{U Ë¶mZo H¥${fZrVrg§~§Yrho "{ZdoXZ' Amho Ago åhQ>co Amho. coIH$M Jm|Yicm Va BVam§Mr H$m¶ H$Wmgm§Jmdr?

YmoaU åhUmdo Va EH$mhr {df¶mdarc YmoaU gmS>onmM nmZm§À¶m ¶m ‘gwÚmVñnï> H$aÊ¶mV Amcoco Zmhr. ‘Ü¶dVu emgZmMr ^y{‘H$m ghH$mar g§ñWm§Zmn¡emMr Am{U BVa ‘XV Am{U eoVr‘mcmcm amñV ^md ¶mg§~§YrMr YmoaUonyduà‘mUo nwT>o Mmcy amhVrc Ago ‘gwÚmV åhQ>co Amho. nU hr OwZr YmoaUoZo‘H$s H$m¶ hmoVr ¶mMm Iwcmgm gmo¶rñH$a[aË¶m Q>miÊ¶mV Amcm Amho.eoVrúmoÌmV gmd©O{ZH$ Jw§VdUyH$ dmT>dyZ Am{U ImOJr ^m§S>dcmg CÎmoOZXoD$Z "Zdo M¡VÝ¶' {Z‘m©U H$aÊ¶mMr ^mfm ‘gwÚmV EH$m {R>H$mUr dmnacrAmho. {dZmoXmMm mJ åhUOo Xþgè¶m EH$m OmJr g§nÞ Am{U ñd¶§^y eoVrgmR>rYmoaUm§Mr Zdr {Xem R>adÊ¶mMr Amdí¶H$Vm Agë¶mMo åhQ>co Amho; nUAem ZdrZ {Xem R>adUo hoM ‘wir H¥${fZrVrÀ¶m R>amdmMo H$m‘ Amho. hm {df¶Agm Q>m§JVm R>odcm Va R>amd Omhra H$aÊ¶mMr H$mhrM JaO ZìhVr.

H$mhr Zdo H$aÊ¶mMr BÀN>m ¶m XmoZ ‘wÔçm§nwaVrM ‘¶m©{XV Amho, Eadr gd©R>amdmV ZwgVr ‘§{ÌN>mn AmœmgZm§Mr c¶cyQ> Amho.

-eoVH$è¶m§Zm Amdí¶H$ Vr ‘XV, CÎmoOZ Am{U Y¸$m (!) XoUo.-{dH$mg Am{U g§emoYZ H$m¶© EH$gyÌr H$aUo.- h§Jm‘mZ§VaÀ¶m H$m‘mÀ¶m V§ÌkmZmÀ`m {dH$mgmda ^a XoUo Am{U

H¥${fà{H«$¶m H|$Ðo {Z‘m©U H$aUo.


Zm IoX Zm I§V.H¥${f YmoaUmg§~§YrMm hm R>amd Zmhr, Ë¶mV YmoaUhr Zmhr. ¶mncrH$S>o Ë¶mV

eoVrhr Zmhr. eoVrÀ¶m H$ma^mamMr gaH$mamV ì¶dñWm Aer. eoVr hm amÁ¶emgZmÀ¶m AIË¶marVrc {df¶ Amho. H|$Ð emgZmMm Am{U eoVrMm Vgmg§~§Y ’$ma WmoS>m Amho; nU hiyhiy eoVr{df¶rMo A{YH$ma H|$Ð gaH$mahmVmV KoV Amho Am{U AmO H¥$fr ‘§Ìmc¶mV eoVH$ar hm H|$ÐmMm {df¶ZgVmZm 30 hOma chmZ ‘moR>o A{YH$mar nJma H$mT>V AmhoV. eoVrg§~§YrMogd© ‘hÎdmMo àíZ H¥${f^dZmÀ¶m ~mhoaM hmVmico OmVmV. nmQ>~§Ymao ‘§Ìmc¶doJio Amho. daIVm§Mo YmoaU noQ´>moHo${‘H$ëgÀ¶m ‘hÎdmÀ¶m ‘§Ìmc¶mV R>aVo.eoVrVrc ‘Owar hm l‘ ‘§Ìmc¶mMm {df¶ Amho. eoVr‘mcmMr {Z¶m©V ì¶mnma‘§Ìmc¶mH$S>o. ¶m gJù¶m ‘hÎdmÀ¶m {df¶m§Zm g§nyU© ‘gwÚmV ~Jc XoÊ¶mVAmcr Amho.

nmUrnwadR>m åhUOo eoVrMm Ord H$s àmU; nU ‘gwÚmV "nmdgmMo nmUrgmR>dUo' EdT>mM H$m¶ Vmo C„oI Amho. ñdmV§Í¶moÎma H$mimV "{dH$mgmMr‘§{Xao' åhUyZ Zohê§$Zr ZmdmOcoë¶m ‘moR>‘moR>çm YaU¶moOZm§Mo ’${cV H$m¶¶mMr VnmgUr Zmhr. ^yJ^m©Vrc nmUr dmT>{dUo Ë¶mgmR>r "nmUr AS>dm, nmUr{Oadm' H$mcì¶mZo {Xcoë¶m nmÊ¶mZo O{‘ZrMo Pmcoco ZwH$gmZ Q>miUo BË¶mXt~Ôc‘gwÚmV EH$ Admúmahr Zmhr.

daIVo : daIVm§Mo H$maImZo åhUOo ‘moR>o amOH$maU Amho. H$maImÝ¶m§ZmnadmZo XoUo, Ë¶m§Zm cmJUmè¶m H$ÀÀ¶m ‘mcmÀ¶m {H$_Vr R>adUo, Ë¶m§Mm~o’$mQ> CËnmXZIM©, g~{gS>rda CYicr OmUmar A’$mQ> a¸$‘, maVmgma»¶mJar~ XoemV daIVo gJù¶mV ‘hmJS>r AgUo ¶m§Mm ‘gwÚmV nwgQ>gmgwÕmC„oI Zmhr. noQ´>mo{c¶_ gmR>o g§nV Amco AmhoV. eoVrgmR>r n¶m©¶r V§ÌkmZV¶ma H$aUo Amdí¶H$ Amho; nU noQ´>moHo${‘H$ëg ‘§Ìmc¶mMm ‘§Ìr H$moUAgmdm ho R>adÊ¶mMm A{YH$ma IwÔ n§VàYmZm§Zm Zmhr. gmo{Z¶m Jm§Yr VoR>adVmV. VoWo ~mnwS>çm ~cam‘ OmIam§Mr H$m¶ qh‘V MmcUma?

{~¶mUo : gwYm[aV dmUmMr {~¶mUr eoVH$è¶m§Zm Ë¶m§À¶m Jmdm§Odinwadcr OmVrc EdT>mM C„oI H¥${fZrVr R>amdmÀ¶m ‘gwÚmV Amho. Zì¶mO¡{dH$ V§ÌkmZmZo {~¶mÊ¶m§À¶m úmoÌmV CcWmnmcW hmoV Amho. ~m¡{ÕH$ g§nXoÀ¶mh¸$mMm àíZ ‘moR>m dmXmMm {df¶ ~Zcm Amho ¶mMo ‘gwÚmg ^mZ Zmhr.¶oUmè¶m H$mimV OwÝ¶m JmdamZ dmUm§Mm ’$m¶Xoera Cn¶moJ H$ê$Z OmJ{VH$

eoVr {dH$mgmgmR>r ñd¶§godr g§ñWm§Mr ‘XV KoUo ho AmìhmZ Z§~a 16Amho. eoVr Am{U CÚmoJY§Xo ¶m§À¶mgmR>r g‘mZ ^y{‘H$m R>amdmV ñdrH$macrAmho. H$maImZXmarÀ¶m úmoÌmV ñd¶§godr g§KQ>Zm§Mr ‘XV KoÊ¶mMr H$moUr mfmH$mT>cr Va Ë¶mMo hgo hmoB©c ‘J eoVrÀ¶m ~m~VrVM ñd¶§godr g§KQ>Zm§Mr‘XV KoÊ¶mMr H$m¶ Amdí¶H$Vm Amho?

Joë¶m Mmirg dfmªV eoVrVrc g§emoYZ Am{U CËnmXZ ¶mVrc {dH$mg{VanmJS>m Pmcm ¶mMr H$~wcr R>amdmV Amho; nU Ago Ag§VwcZ H$m V¶maPmco Am{U Ë¶mMr nwZamd¥Îmr ^{dî¶mV Q>miVm H$er ¶oB©c ¶mg§~§Yr ‘mÌMH$maeãX H$mT>cocm Zmhr.

O{‘ZrMr Yyn Am{U OcgmYZm§Mm Anì¶¶ O¡{dH$ Xm~m‘wio Pmcm Agm‘gwÚmVcm OmdB©emoY Amho. Ë¶mda VmoS>Jm H$m¶ Va ~hþ{dY eoVr Am{Uà{H«$¶oMr H$maImZXmar. 70 % eoVH$ar ’$º$ 27 % amï´>r¶ CËnmXZ AmOXoVmo. 40 dfmªnydu 74 % eoVH$ar 65 % CËnmXZ XoV hmoVm. ¶mcm CÎmaåhUyZ ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda eoVrVyZ {ZKyZ {~JaeoVr ì¶dgm¶mV OmÊ¶mMre³¶Vm V¶ma H$aUo hm Amho. Ë¶mgmR>r XoemMo EHy$U Am{W©H$ YmoaU g§nyU©~Xcmdo cmJoc, WmVwa‘mVwa ‘c‘nÅ>rZo hm AmOma ~am hmoÊ¶mgmaIm Zmhr.

ì¶mnmar XodKodrÀ¶m AQ>r eoVrg A{YH$ {H$’$m¶Vera H$ê$Z eoVrVrc^m§S>dc{Z{‘©Vr ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda gwYmaUo ho AmìhmZ Z§~a 17 Amho. ¶mdaCnm¶¶moOZm H$moUVr?

""eoVrcm {‘iUmè¶m gmYZm§Mr CncãYVm R>adUmar ì¶dñWm nwÝhm VnmgyZnm{hcr OmB©c Amm{U CncãY gmYZo gÜ¶mÀ¶m ‘XV ¶moOZm§H$Sy>Z didcrOmVrc.''

"eoVrg {H$’$m¶Vera {H§$_V Am{U ì¶mnmaì¶dñWm ¶mÛmao Amdí¶H$ VoAm{W©H$ dmVmdaU V¶ma Ho$co OmB©c.'

"Ë¶m{edm¶ eoVH$è¶m§Zm amñV ^md {‘idyZ XoÊ¶mMr Amncr O~m~XmargmVË¶mZo nma nmS>oc Am{U Ë¶mgmR>r {H$_Vr Am{U ì¶mnma¶§ÌUm ¶mda ZOaR>odoc.'

eoVr AW©ì¶dñWoVrc gdm©V ‘hÎdmÀ¶m àíZm§Mr Aer PQ>nQ> dmgcmV ¶m‘gwÚmZo cmdcr Amho. ñdmV§Í¶ {‘imco Voìhm {~Ja eoVH$ar Am{U eoVH$ar¶m§À¶m XaS>moB© CËnÞmMo à‘mU 1.4 hmoVo. AmVm 6.2 Pmco Amho. BV³¶m J§^ran[apñWVrda Cnm¶ åhUyZ {H$aH$moi ‘c‘nÅ>r ‘gwXm gwMdVmo, OwÝ¶m YmoaUm~Ôc


Ho$coë¶m Am{W©H$ gwYmaUm§Mm Am{U Iwë¶m AW©ì¶dñWoMm nwgQ>gmgwÕm C„oIZmhr. H¥$fr ‘§Ìmc¶mcm ZdrZ YmoaUm§Mr ‘m{hVr Hw$Ur nwadV Zgmdo qH$dmZdrZ Am{W©H$ gwYmaUm eoVrg cmJyM Zgmì¶mV! eoV‘mcmÀ`m à{H«$¶oda~§YZo MmcyM AmhoV. JìhmMr Am¶mV, ¶wamonr¶ XyY wH$Q>rÀ¶m ‘XVrZo Xoem§VJ©VXþYmÀ¶m {H$_Vr nmS>Uo, {Z¶m©Vrda ~§YZo cmXUo BË¶mXr Zohê$ nÕVrMoeoVH$ar{damoYr Mmio AOyZ MmcyM AmhoV. ZdrZ Am{W©H$ ‘gwÚmda Iwë¶m~mOmanoR>oÀ¶m g§H$ënZoMr nwgQ>gwÕm gmdcr Zmhr.

‘Ü¶§Var IwÔ n§VàYmZm§Zr nrH$ {d‘m ¶moOZm ì¶mnmar VÎdmda AmYmacocrAgcr nm{hOo Ago {dYmZ Ho$co hmoVo. Vo gJirH$S>o à{gÕhr Pmco hmoVo; nUIwÔ n§VàYmZm§À¶m ‘VmMrhr ¶m ‘gwÚmV nÌmg R>odcr Zmhr. Iwë¶m ì¶dñWoMoH¥$fr ‘§Ìmc¶mcm BVHo$ dmdS>o Amho.

‘gwÚmÀ¶m gwédmVrcm ‘moR>r KZJ§^ra KmofUm Amho, "eoVrMm {dH$mg hmgd© ^maVmÀ¶m gm‘m{OH$, Am{W©H$ {dH$mgmÀ¶m {Z¶moOZmMm Jm^m Amho.'gJim ‘gwXm dmMë¶mZ§Va {ZîH$f© Agm {ZKVmo H$s eoVrMm {dH$mg Am{UXoemMm {dH$mg ¶m§Mm Vgm H$mhr g§~§Y Zgmdm. H¥${fZrVrÀ¶m R>amdmÀ¶m ¶m_gwÚmV R>amd Zmhr, YmoaU Zmhr, eoVr Zmhr, amÁ¶ gaH$mao gmoS>mM, ‘Ü¶dVugaH$maÀ¶m eoVrg§~§YrÀ¶m H$m‘H$mOmMohr Ë¶mV à{Vq~~ Zmhr. ^maVmÀ¶mg§{dYmZmà‘mUo {X„rV Á¶m H¥$fr ‘§Ìmc¶mMr JaOM Zmhr Ë¶mVrc A{YH$mè¶m§ZrHo$cocm hm {dXþfH$s Mmim Amho.

(eoVH$ar g§KQ>H$, 6 ‘mM© 1993)

~mOmanoR>oV nm¶ R>odVm ¶oB©c H$m¶? qH$dm ZdrZ dmUm§À¶m g§emoYZmV Zmhr VaCËnmXZmV Var ^maVmcm ‘moR>m {hñgm {‘idVm ¶oB©c H$m¶? ¶mMm nam‘e©Zmhr.

eoV‘OwarMo Xa H$m¶ AgmdoV, Ë¶m~amo~a eoV‘Owam§À¶m Am{U {deofV:‘{hcm§À¶m H$m‘mÀ¶m doim, gmo¶rgdcVr, pñÌ¶m§Mm O{‘Zrdarc ‘mcH$s h¸$ho àíZ ~mnwS>dmUo H¥${f^dZ H$m¶ hmVmiUma?

eoVr‘mcmdarc à{H«$¶m hm {df¶hr ‘gwÚmÀ¶m AIË¶marVrc Zmhr. à{H«$¶oMoqhXþñWmZmV H$mT>coco ~hþVoH$ H$maImZo AmOmar nS>coco AmhoV. Ë¶m§Mm m§S>dcrIM© ^ê$Z {ZKV Zmhr. ~hþVoH$ à{H«$¶oMo nXmW© nm{ü‘mË¶ Vm|S>dù¶mMo; nUË¶m§Mr ~mOmanoR> naXoemV Zmhr. Ë¶m‘wio Vo n§MVmam§{H$V g‘mOmnwaVo ‘¶m©{XVAmhoV. Varhr gaH$ma, ghH$ma Am{U ZmoH$aXma ¶m§Zm "noßgr' YmQ>UrMrà{H«$¶m ì¶dñWmM AmH$f©H$ dmQ>Vo. n«{H«$¶ogmR>r ’«$mÝg qH$dm hm°c§S> ¶m§À¶mYVuda eoVmdaM Xoer Vm|S>dù¶mMo nXmW© V¶ma H$aÊ¶mV Ë¶m§Zm ñdmañ¶ Zmhr.¶m gJù¶m J§^ra n[apñWVr~m~V ‘gwXm Amir{‘ir Jwn{Mir Yê$Z Amho.

eoVr‘mcmMr {Z¶m©V åhUOo Va gm‘Ï¶©emcr ì¶mnma ‘§Ìmc¶mMm ImgYwS>Jyg Kmcm¶Mm {df¶. ‘gwÚmV cmOVH$mOV EdT>oM åhQ>co Amho H$s,"’$io, ’w$co, ^mÁ¶m, Hw$¸w$Q>nmcZ Am{U BVa àm{UOÝ¶ nXmWmªÀ¶m {Z¶m©Vrda^a Úmdm cmJoc.' ¶mgmR>r H$m¶©H«$‘ H$m¶? Va, eoVr‘mcmMo CËnmXZ dmT>dUoAm{U Ë¶mVrc {d{dYVm dmT>{dUo; nU S>§Ho$c àñVmdmÀ¶m ZdrZ ¶wJmV{Z¶m©Vrcm àmoËgmhZ gaH$ma H$moUË¶m àH$mao XoD$ eHo$c? {Z¶m©V dmT>dÊ¶mgmR>r‘mcmMr JwUdÎmm Am{U {H$_V ¶mIoarO gaH$mar YmoaU ¶mV H«$m§{VH$maH$~Xc H$aUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. XoemV Á¶mXm CËnmXZ hmoB©c VoìhmM VmËnwaVr{Z¶m©Vrcm nadmZJr Úm¶Mr ho YmoaU AmVm MmcUma Zmhr. à{H«$¶m Pmcoë¶m‘mcmcm {Z¶m©VrgmR>r àmYmÝ¶ Úm¶Mo hr H$ënZmhr {ZaW©H$ R>acr Amho.gmd©O{ZH$ {dVaU Am{U XoemVrc nwadR>m ¶m§Mr O~m~Xmar eoVH$è¶m§daMAmho Am{U Vr nma nmS>ë¶mZ§VaM Ë¶m§Zm {Z¶m©V H$aVm ¶oB©c Ago AmOn¶ªVMoYmoaU AmË‘KmVH$s R>aco Amho. Vo VgoM nwT>o MmcdVm ¶oUma Zmhr; Mmcdm¶MoåhQ>co Var AmJm‘r S>§Ho$c ì¶dñWoV Vo e³¶ hmoUma Zmhr. eoVr‘mcmgmR>rdoJio YmoaU AmImdo cmJoc ho ì¶mnma‘§Í¶m§Zr ‘mÝ¶ Ho$co Amho. (BH$m°Zm°{‘H$Q>mBåg, 22 OmZodmar 1993) H¥${f‘§Í¶m§À¶m Hw$dVr~mhoaMm hm {df¶ Amho.

gJù¶mV J§‘V åhUOo ¶m gJù¶m ‘gwÚmV Zaqgh amd gaH$maZo gwê$


cúmmV KoVm, dmQ>nmMm A{YH$ma ‘moR>m Cn¶moJmMm Iam; nU Ë¶m ~amo~aM Ë¶mgÎmoV EH$ YmoH$mhr hmoVm. XþîH$mim‘wio qH$dm BVa H$mhr H$maUmZo AÞmMmVwQ>dS>m Pmcm Va AY©nmoQ>r qH$dm Cnmer amhÊ¶mMr nmir {ó¶m§daM ¶m¶Mr.H$Xm{MV², AemM EImÚm AÞmÀ¶m VwQ>dS>çmÀ¶mH$mir AmgnmgÀ¶m O{‘ZrdaCJdcoë¶m YmÝ¶mMm Cn¶moJ {ó¶m§Zm H$amdm cmJcm Agmdm Am{U Ë¶mVyZMO{‘ZrV ~r noê$Z AÞYmÝ¶mMr JaO ^mJ{dÊ¶mgmR>r {ó¶m§Zr eoVrMr gwédmVHo$cr Agmdr. doXm§‘Ü¶o Oo C„oI gmnS>VmV Ë¶mdê$Z Ago {XgVo H$s {ó¶meoVrgmR>r ~¡c qH$dm BVa Am¡Omam§Mm dmna H$arV ZìhË¶m; EH$m N>moQ>çmH$mR>rÀ¶m, doXm§‘Ü¶o {Ocm "ñâ¶' åhQ>co Amho Ë`mÀ`m gmhmæ¶mZo {ó¶m§MreoVr hmoV Ago.

cmoH$g§»¶m dmT>V Jocr. {ZgJm©Zo O§JcmVyZ {Z‘m©U Ho$coco AÞmMo ^m§S>maAnwao nSy> cmJco; {ó¶m§Mr eoVrhr AÞmMr JaO mJdy eH$V Zmhr Aer doiAmë¶m‘wio nwéfm§Zr ~¡cm§Mm dmna H$ê$Z eoVr H$am¶cm gwédmV Ho$cr. {ó¶m§À¶mhmVyZ eoVrdaMm A{YH$ma Jocm Am{U AÞmÀ¶m dmQ>nmMm A{YH$mahr {ZKyZJocm. EH$m VèhoZo nwéfgÎmmH$ ì¶dñWoMr gwédmV ~¡ceoVrÀ¶m H$mimnmgyZMPmcr.

AmVm AÞYmÝ¶ nwaoem à‘mUmV V¶ma hmoD$ cmJco. gH$minmgyZg§Ü¶mH$min¶ªV AÞ Jmoim H$arV dUdU H$amdr åhUOo Ë¶m {XdgmMr ^yH$^mJVo, ¶m newnú¶m§gma»¶m AdñWoVyZ ‘Zwî¶ ~mhoa nS>cm. Ë¶mMr amZmo‘mihmoUmar dUdU Wm§~cr. nmD$g nS>cm åhUOo YmÝ¶mMr H$moR>mao ^ê$ cmJcrAm{U Ë¶m H$moR>mam§‘wio df©^amMr ~oJ‘r hmoD$ cmJcr. eoVrMm h§Jm‘ dJiVmdf©^amÀ¶m Cacoë¶m H$mimV eoVrVyZ V¶ma Pmcoco AÞ dmnaV ‘mZdmZoO{‘ZrMm {dH$mg, nmÊ¶mMr gmo¶, ‘§{Xam§Mr C^maUr, gUg‘ma§ , H$cmg§ñH¥$Vr,hË¶mao-Am¡Omao ~Z{dUo Aem§gmaIr AZoH$ H$m‘o Ho$cr. AÞYmÝ¶mMrM Zìhogmè¶mM gwIgmYZm§Mr ‘w~cH$Vm dmTy> cmJcr.

XþX£dmZo hm gwdU©H$mi ’$ma doi {Q>H$cm Zmhr. YmÝ¶mMr H$moR>mao ^ê$cmJcr Vgo cwQ>mcyQ> H$aUmè¶m Pw§S>r KmoS>çm§À¶m nmR>rda ñdma hmoD$Z hmVrVcdma, ^mco, YZwî¶ BË¶mXr hË¶mao KoD$Z Om¶cm cmJë¶m. EH$ VèhoZo, hm~¡c g§ñH¥$Vr Am{U KmoS>m g§ñH¥$Vr ¶m§À¶mVrc g§Kf© hmoVm. cwQ>mcyQ> H$aUmaoYmÝ¶m§Mr H$moR>mao, gmoZo, OS>Odm{ha, H$cm Am{U H$mam{JarÀ¶m dñVy cwQy>Z ZoVAgVM; da {ó¶m§Zmhr CMcyZ ZoV AgV. ¶m doion¶ªV, Q>moir H$ê$Z

~mdrg

eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmcm AmÚ IyU Jdgcr

^maVmVrc eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmÀ¶m B{VhmgmV EH$m Zì¶m ¶wJmMr nhmQ>Pmcr Amho. ¶m Zì¶m ¶wJmÀ¶m CX¶mZo B{VhmgmÀ¶m MH«$mMo EH$ n[a^«‘UhrnyU© Pmco Amho.

^maV, Á¶m Xoem§‘Ü¶o eoVr gd© àW‘ gwê$ Pmcr Ë¶mn¡H$s EH$ Amho. åhUyZH$Xm{MV, eoVH$ar Am§XomcZmMo EH$ B{VhmgMH«$ nyU© H$ê$Z Zì¶m ¶wJmcmgwédmV H$aUmam ^maV hm n{hcm Xoe Amho.

ho H$moUVo B{VhmgmMo H$mcMH«$ Amho? Am{U H$moUË¶m Zì¶m ¶wJmÀ¶mMmhþcrZo Vo nyU© hmoV Amho?

‘mZdmZo hoVwnyd©H$ ~r noê$Z YmÝ¶mMo CËnmXZ H$am¶cm gwédmV Ho$cr VoìhmeoVrMr gwédmV Pmcr. Ë¶mnydr© ‘Zwî¶ O§JcmV OmD$Z ’$io, nmZo, ’w$co Am{U‘wù¶m Jmoim H$ê$Z nmoQ> aV Ago; dZñnVtÀ¶m {d{dY JwUY‘mª{df¶r Am{UCn¶moJm§{df¶r Ë¶mZo nwîH$i kmZ g§nmXZ Ho$co hmoVo. Ho$di ImÚ åhUyZMZìho Va Am¡fYr, {MÌHo$coMo a§J BË¶mXr AZoH$ ê$nm§V ¶m dZg§nÎmrMo {d{dYCn¶moJ H$aÊ¶mg Vmo {eH$cm hmoVm; nU Varhr hr dZg§nÎmr O§JcmV OoWo OerCncãY hmoV Ago VoWyZ Ver Vmo àmá H$ê$Z AmUV Ago. åhQ>c§ Va, hrM‘mZdmMr àmW{‘H$ eoVrnÕVr hmoVr.

eoVrMr ¶mnwT>Mr nm¶ar {ó¶m§Zr emoYyZ H$mT>cr. Q>moirÀ¶m g‘mOmVO§JcmVyZ AmUcocr {eH$ma, ’$io BË¶mXr ImÚdñVy§Mo dmQ>n H$aÊ¶mMrO~m~Xmar ~hþYm ‘{hcm§Mr Ago. AÞmÀ¶m dmQ>nmMr O~m~Xmar hm EH$‘hÎdmMm A{YH$ma Am{U ‘moR>o ’$m¶ÚmMo H$c‘ hmoVo; VgoM àg§Jr AmV~Q²>Q>çmMmH$ma^ma hmoVm. ¶m A{YH$mam‘wio {ó¶m Q>rirVrc ‘Ü¶dVu ñWmZr hmoË¶m.JamoXa {ó¶m VgoM ~mcHo$ Am{U Ë¶m§À¶m Am¶m§Mr {deof nmofUmMr JaO


d Ë¶m§Mr cyQ> AmVm ì¶dñWoÀ¶m ZmdmImcr hmoD$ cmJcr. eoVH$ar Amnë¶mXoemÀ¶m amOm§À¶m {damoYmV ~§S> H$ê$Z CRy> cmJco. e³¶ Agoc Ë¶m àH$maoe³¶ Agoc VoWo amOm§Zm {damoY hmoD$ cmJcm. "‘¥ÀN>H${Q>H$' ZmQ>H$mVeoVH$è¶m§À¶m CKS> ~§S>mMo CXmhaU gmnS>Vo.

eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmZo ^maVmV Zdo ê$n YmaU Ho$co Vo OmVrì¶dñWo‘wio.H$mhr {H$aH$moi AndmX dJiVm, amÁ¶H$V} Am{U Ë¶m§Mo cîH$a d àemgZ¶§ÌUm ¶m‘Ü¶o Jw§Vcoco cmoH$ EH$m ~mOycm Am{U Xþgè¶m ~mOycm eoVH$arAem XmoZ JQ>m§V EH$M g‘mO {d^mJcm hmoVm; ¶m XmoZ JQ>mV amoQ>rì¶dhmahmoV Zgo Am{U ~oQ>r ì¶dhmamhr hmoV Zgo. ¶m‘wioM H$Xm{MV², BVa Xoem§noúmm^maVmV eoVH$è¶m§Mo emofU A{YH$ {dH«$mi ñdê$nmV Pmco. BVa Xoem§VrcgaH$ma d eoVH$ar ¶m§À¶mVrc g§Kfm©Mo ñdê$n hiyhiy ~aoMgo gm¡å¶ ~ZVJoco. ¶mMm AW© Agm Zmhr H$s VoWo eoVH$è¶m§À¶m g‘ñ¶m gd© {‘Q>ë¶m.VoWohr g‘ñ¶m Zoh‘rM Cä¶m amhVmV. Ë¶m§À¶m {damoYmV eoVH$è¶m§À¶m g§KQ>ZmcT>V amhVmV, Midir H$arV amhVmV; nU ¶m Midir H$m‘Jma, ì¶mnmar,H$maImZXma qH$dm nm§T>anoem g‘mOm§À¶m Miditgma»¶mM hmoVmV. ¶m gdmªZmAmnmnë¶m g‘mOmÀ¶m {hVmÀ¶m OnUwH$sgmR>r X~mdJQ> qH$dm ’$ù¶m C^mamì¶mcmJVmV. Xþgè¶m Xoem§‘Ü¶o ¶m BVa g‘mOmà‘mUo eoVH$è¶m§Mmhr X~mdJQ>qH$dm ’$ir C^r amhÿ eH$cr, H$maU eoVrg§~§YmV VoWrc emgZ Am{UemgZì¶dñWm Xþï>VoZo Am{U {ZK¥©UnUmZo MmcV Zmhr. ^maVmV Ago PmcoZmhr. OmVrì¶dñWo‘wio eoVH$ar g‘mO ehar g‘mOmnmgyZ {d^º$ am{hcm.Vgo, eoVH$ar OmVrì¶dñWoV d¡í¶ JUco OmVmV. d¡í¶ JmdHw$gmÀ¶m AmVMamhUmao; VargwÕm JmdHw$gmV amhUmè¶m ~«m÷U qH$dm úm{Ì¶m§er Ë¶m§Mo gm‘m{OH$g§~§Y AgV ZmhrV. eoVrg§~§YrMr AZoH$ H$m‘o JmdHw$gm~mhoa amhUmè¶meyÐm§H$Sy>Z H$adyZ KoVcr OmD$ cmJcr Voìhm Va gdU© Am{U eoVH$è¶m§‘Yrcgm‘m{OH$ d Am{W©H$ Xè¶m dmT>V Am{U é§XmdV Joë¶m.

eoVH$ar, eoVH$arOrdZ Am{U eoVr ¶mg§~§Yr ^maVmV {OVH$s ÛofmMrAm{U eÌwËdmMr ^mdZm Amho {VVH$s OJmÀ¶m nmR>rda BVa H$moUË¶mhr XoemVAmT>iV Zmhr. ^maVmVrc VWmH${WV Cƒd{U©¶m§Zm eoVH$ar, Ë¶mMo H$ï>Am{U Ë¶mMr J[a~r ¶m~Ôc {~cHy$c ghmZw^y{V dmQ>V Zmhr. CcQ>, eoVH$arewÕ hdm, nmÊ¶mMr aocMoc, ânya ’$io ^mÁ¶m, {ZgJm©Mm ghdmg ¶mV‘ñVrZo OJVmo. H$gë¶mhr àH$maMm H$a Úmdm Z cmJVm ânya gaH$mar

amhUmè¶m ‘mZdmcm Q>moirA§VJ©V g§§~§YmZo OÝ‘cocr àOm {Xdg|{Xdg H$‘OmoahmoV OmVo ¶mMo kmZ Pmco hmoVo. Ë¶m‘wio Xþgè¶m àXoemVrc Q>moù¶m§Vrc{ó¶m§Mo haU H$aUo ho geº$ àOmoËnmXZmgmR>r Amdí¶H$ ‘mZco OmD$ cmJco.

¶m H$mcI§S>mg§~§Yr, {deofV: ‘{hcm§À¶m gm‘m{OH$ pñWVrda cwQ>mcwQ>rMoOo n[aUm‘ Pmco Ë¶mg§~§Yr {dñVmamZo ‘r AÝ¶Ì {c{hcoco Amho; (Mm§XdS>Mr{eXmoar, A‘amdVrMr Am¶wYo). B{VhmgmÀ¶m Ñï>rZo ‘hÎdmMr Jmoï> hr H$sH$mimÀ¶m AmoKmV hr cwQ>mcyQ>M EH$ ì¶dñWm ~Zcr. cwQ>mê$ gaXma, amOo,‘hmamOo, g‘«mQ> ~Zco. Xagmc Jw§S>m§À¶m cwQ>mcwQ>rg Vmo§S> XoD$Z, VcdmatMoKmd gmogyZ cyQ> H$adyZ KoÊ¶mnoúmm Amnë¶m CËnmXZmVrc EH$ {hñgm amOoåhUdyZ KoUmè¶m cwQ>mê§$Zm XoUo eoVH$è¶m§Zr nËH$aco; ‘hm^maVmV, ~H$mgwamMr^yH$ ^mJ{dÊ¶mgmR>r MH«$nyaÀ¶m cmoH$m§Zr Ogo Ë¶mcm amoO JmS>mâ AÞ Am{UEH$ ‘mUyg XoÊ¶mMo H$~yc Ho$co, VgoM.

~H$mgwamMm dY H$aUmam ^r‘ MH«$nwamV ¶moJm¶moJmZo Amcm ho VoWrccmoH$m§Mo ^m½¶. V‘m_ eoVH$ar ‘mÌ VrZ hOma dfmªnydunmgyZ ~H$mgwamÀ¶mAm¡cmXtZm JmS>o a^ê$Z AÞ nmR>drV am{hco AmhoV. gaH$ma ZmdmÀ¶m Jmoï>tMmCJ‘M ‘wir eoVH$è¶m§À¶m cwQ>rV Amho. cyQ> H$aUmao {H$„o, JT>çm ¶m§‘Ü¶oamhVmV, ehao dgdVmV Am{U Vo Amncr ’$m¡O Am{U M¡Z~mOr ¶m§gmR>reoVH$è¶m§Mr cyQ> H$arV Amco AmhoV. cwQ>rMo ñdê$n ~Xcco; H$Yr Vr CKS>CKS> Pmcr, H$Yr AàË¶úmnUo. B{VhmgmMm¶© {d.H$m. amOdmS>o ¶m§Zr åhQ>coAmho H$s, gaH$ma ZmdmMr Or Jmoï> AgVo Vr eoVH$è¶m§Mr Xþî‘ZM AgVo AerqhXþñWmZmVrc eoVH$è¶m§Mr Joë¶m VrZ hOma dfmªnydunmgyZÀ¶m AZw^dmZoImÌr nQ>cr Amho.

gXmgd©H$mi eoVH$è¶m§Zr cwQ>mê§$Mr cyQ> ‘wH$mQ>nUo ghZ Ho$cr Ago Zìho.‘J eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmMo n{hco ñdê$n H$go hmoVo? OmJmoOmJ eoVH$è¶m§ZrEH${ÌV hmoD$Z h„oImoa cwQ>mê§$Zm {damoY H$aÊ¶mMm à¶ËZ Ho$cm; ~hþVoH$ doimhm à¶ËZ {Zî’$i R>acm. H$Yr Agm {damoY g’$c Pmcm Var eoVH$ar EH$g§KQ>Zm Am{U EH$ AW©ì¶dñWm, g§aúmU-ì¶dñWm C^mê$ eH$co ZmhrV.AënmdYrVM cwQ>mê§$À¶m Zì¶m Pw§S>tZr Ë¶m§Zm CX²ÜdñV Ho$co. dm‘ZmZo eoVH$è¶m§MmamOm ~{iamOm ¶mMm Ho$cocm dY ho eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmÀ¶m ¶m H$mcI§S>mMoàVrH$ Amho.

amOm§Mo ñdm{_Ëd d gmd©^m¡‘ gÎmm ñWm{nV Pmcr. eoVH$è¶m§darc AÝ¶m¶


Jmd Am{U ehao ¶m§‘Yrc g§Kfm©Mm C„oI ‘m³g©À¶m nwñVH$mV gmnS>Vmo.Q>m°cñQ>m°¶, apñH$Z BË¶mXr coIH$m§Zrhr ¶m g§Kfm©Mr ‘m§S>Ur Ho$cr Amho.’«$mÝg‘Ü¶o Va "EH$m ~mOycm n°[ag {déÕ Cd©[aV Xoe Xþgè¶m ~mOycm' Aerg§Kf©aofm ‘mZcr OmB©. OoWo OmVrì¶dñWm ZìhVr VoWo ho ôX {‘Q>V Joco.^maVmV Zm ^m§S>dcdmX Amcm Zm Om{VdmX g§ncm Am{U åhUyZ ¶m ôXmcm"^maV-B§{S>¶m' g§Kfm©Mo ñdê$n àmá Pmco. B§J«O ^maVmV Amco Am{U Ë¶m§ZrBWo Amncm amOH$s¶ O‘ ~g{dcm Voìhm ^maVmVrc eoVH$ar MidirZo Zdr{Xem Yacr.

B§J«O ¶oÊ¶mAmYr "OmV' hrM g‘mOKQ>H$m§Mr EH$H$ hmoVr. Ë¶m~amo~aM"Jmd' hohr EH$H$ hmoVo. doJdoJù¶m OmVtVrc g§fK© H$Yr H$Yr Cô amhV;nU ~mø AmH«$‘UmÀ¶m ^rVrZo Vo X~coco amhmV. amoOMm JmdJmS>m Mmcm¶MmåhUOo eoVr^mVr Am{U ~cwVoXmarMr gd© H$m‘o nma nmS>mdrM cmJV. JmdMmH$ma^ma Am{U A{YH$ma gaXma, O‘rZXma qH$dm nmQ>rc-nQ>dmè¶m§À¶m hmVrAgV ho Iao; nU Ë¶m A{YH$mam§da JmdÀ¶m gmd©O{ZH$ {hVmMo H$mhr ~§YZhrAgo. "ImOJr ‘mcH$s' hr g§H$ënZmM ZìhVr. JmdmÀ¶m ¶m aMZo‘Ü¶o H$mhr~Xc H$am¶Mr gwédmV eoaehmZo nydu Ho$cr hmoVr. B§J«Om§Zr Amncr gÎmmàñWm{nV H$aVmZm ‘hgyc ì¶dñWoMo H$m‘ nyU© Ho$co. XoeâmVrc gd© O{‘ZtMoZH$meo ~Zdco, O{‘ZtZm doJdoJio Z§~a {Xco. EH$àH$mao, O{‘ZrÀ¶m àË¶oH$VwH$S>çmMr ‘mcH$s ì¶º$sì¶º$s¨da ImOJr ñdê$nmV OdiOdi cmXcrJocr. n[aUm‘V:, O‘rZ hr ImOJr ‘mc‘Îmm Agy eH$Vo Aer ^mdZm,B{VhmgmV àW‘M V¶ma Pmcr, "Ah‘²'^md hr àm{U‘mÌmMr ‘ycàoaUmM Amho.{dMma H$aUmam EH$H$ KQ>H$ "ì¶º$s' AgVmo. Ë¶m‘wio, "ImOJr ‘mcH$s'Mrg§H$ënZm {ZgJm©er ~arMer {‘iVrOwiVr Amho. Ë¶m‘wio AënmdYrVM {VZocmoH$m§À¶m ‘ZmMm nJS>m KoVcm. A{dH${gV AdñWo‘wio JmdmÀ¶m g§ñH¥$VrVOr gm‘y{hH$VoMr ^mdZm hmoVr Vr "ImOJr ‘mcH$s'À¶m g§H$ënZo‘wio doJmZocmon nmdcr.

B§J«Or amOdQ>rZo O{‘ZrMm ‘hgyc H$R>moa gº$sZo dgyc H$aÊ¶mMm Am{UH$a{dÊ¶mMm gnmQ>m gwê$ Ho$cm. B§J«Om§Zr doJdoJù¶m àXoemVcm ‘hgycMm¡Ï¶m qH$dm {Vgè¶m {híemn¶ªV AmH$macm hmoVmM; nU O‘rZXma, ‘hgycA{YH$mar dgwcrMo H$m‘ Aem arVrZo H$arV H$s Ë¶m‘wio eoVH$è¶m§Zm Amnë¶mCËnmXZmVrc OdiOdi XmoZ V¥Vr¶m§e CËnmXZmcm ‘wH$mdo cmJo.

‘XVrÀ¶m gmhmæ¶mZo AË¶§V AmZ§XmV ‘m¡O‘OoV OrdZ OJV AgVmo Ago {MÌVo Cô H$aVmV. ‘Ü¶‘dJu¶m§À¶m ‘Zm§V eoVH$è¶m§~Ôc eÌwËdmMr ^mdZmAgVo ho EH$doi g‘OÊ¶mgmaIo Amho; nU ‘mJmg g‘mOmVrc eoVH$è¶m§~Ôc{dÛof H$m Agmdm? JmdÀ¶m eoV‘OwamMm g§~§Y ñdV:À¶m Zmdmda O‘rZR>odUmè¶m eoVH$è¶m§erM ¶oVmo. Ë¶m§Zm H$m‘ {‘iV Zmhr. ¶mcm, Vo Á¶m§À¶meoVmda H$m‘ H$aVmV Vo O‘rZ‘mcH$ O~m~Xma ZgyZ eoVH$è¶m§À¶m emofUmMofS²>¶§Ì aMyZ Vo Mmc{dUmao, Xÿa ehamV amhUmao O~m~Xma AmhoV ho Ë¶m§Zmg‘OV Zmhr. JmdÀ¶m J[a~rMr Pi gdm©V A{YH$ eoV‘Owam§ZmM gmogdrcmJVo. Ë¶m§Zm JmdmV OJUo Ae³¶ hmoD$Z OmVo. {deofV: XþîH$mimÀ¶m dfuË¶m§Zm Jmd gmoSy>Z OmUo ^mJ nS>Vo. ‘J Vo ehamV ¶oD$Z PmonS>nQ²>Q>çm,J{cÀN> dñË¶m qH$dm ’w$Q>nmWda ¶oD$Z amhVmV Am{U JmdmVrc ^wHo$H§$JmcAdñWonoúmm VoWrc hcmIrMo OrdZgwÕm Vo ~ao ‘mZyZ KoVmV. Jmdr am{hcoë¶meoVH$è¶m§~ÔcÀ¶m H$S>dQ> AmR>dUr ’$º$ Ë¶m§À¶m ‘ZmV {e„H$ amhVmV.eoVr‘mcmcm amñV åhUyZ dmT>rd ^md {‘imcm Va Ë¶mMm gdm©V OmñV ^maË¶m§ZmM gmogmdm cmJUma AgVmo. åhUyZ Vo eoVH$ar MidirÀ¶m {damoYmVCô amhVmV.

Amnë¶m XoemVrc eoVH$ar MidirMm ñd^md g‘OyZ ¿¶m¶Mm Va ¶oWrcB{VhmgmMr AmoiI H$ê$Z KoUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. nydu OJâ, AÞYmÝ¶mMoCËnmXZ H$aUmao eoVH$ar Am{U Ë¶m§Mm Cn^moJ KoUmao {~JaeoVH$ar ¶m§À¶m‘Yrcg§Kfm©Mr gwédmV XmhH$M Pmcr; nU hiyhiy g§Kf© {ZdiV Joco.eoVH$è¶m§H$Sy>Z cwQ>coë¶m g§nÎmrMm dmna ’$m¡OoMm IM©, ‘hmcdmS>o ~m§YUo,‘§{Xao C^maUo, Xa~mar ‘m¡O‘Om BË¶mXtgmR>r hmoV Ago Vmon¶ªV CËnmXH$eoVH$ar Am{U Cn^moº$m g‘mO PJS>V am{hco. O{‘ZrVyZ {nH${dcoë¶mAÞYmÝ¶m§À¶m H$moR>mam§Mm dmna CËnmXZ dmT>{dÊ¶mH$[aVm Am{W©H$ ¶moOZm§‘Ü¶oìhm¶cm cmJcm VoìhmnmgyZ g§Kf© ‘mdiV Jocm. ^m§S>dcmXr ì¶dñWoZo, ^maVdJiVm OJmVrc gd© Xoem§Vrc eoVr d {~JaeoVr g‘mOmVrc Xar ~è¶mMà‘mUmV H$‘r Ho$cr. ^maVmV ^m§S>dcdmX AmcmM Zmhr, OmVrì¶dñWoMmMà^md Mmcy am{hcm Am{U åhUyZM ^maVmVrc eoVH$è¶m§nwTrc g‘ñ¶m BVaXoem§Vrc eoVH$è¶m§À¶m g‘ñ¶m§À¶m VwcZoV Iyn doJù¶m AmhoV. Amnë¶mXoemV, ehar {~JaeoVH$s Am{U J«m‘rU eoVH$ar g‘mOmVrc Xè¶m ~wOë¶mMZmhrV.


{damoYmV g§Kf© Cô amhÿ cmJco. X{úmU ^maVmV Pmcoco Aem VèhoMo g§Kf©"X{úmUoVrc X§Jo' (Deccan Riots) ¶m ZmdmZo à{gÕ AmhoV. ¶m g§Kfm©MmgaH$madahr WmoS>m’$ma n[aUm‘ Pmcm. H$Om©‘Ü¶o gyQ>gdcVr XoUmao H$mhrH$m¶Xo Pmco, ghH$mar ì¶dñWm V¶ma H$aÊ¶mMohr à¶ËZ Pmco. Ë¶mVyZ H$mhr{deof {ZKmco Zmhr.

eoVH$ar MidirMo "Jmd {déÕ ehao' ho ê$n OmD$Z "JmdmÀ¶m A§VJ©Vg§Kf©' Ago {VMo ñdê$n ~Zco. ¶m ~Xcm‘wio ehadmgr¶m§Zm IynM AmZ§XPmcm. O‘rZXma-gmdH$ma ¶m§{déÕ eoVH$è¶m§Mr ~mOy ¿¶m¶cm ehadmgrV¶ma Pmco. O‘rZXma Am{U gmdH$ma a¶VoÀ¶m Ñï>rZo Xþï> hmoVo ho Iao hmoVoM;nU, ehadmgr gmdH$ma d O‘rZXmam§À¶m {damoYmV ~mocy cmJco Vo H$mhrË¶m§À¶m ‘ZmV eoVH$è¶m§~Ôc H$éUm OmJr Pmcr åhUyZ Zìho; eoVH$è¶m§À¶mKê$Z cwQy>Z Zococr cú‘r eoVrVyZ CMcyZ gmdH$ma O‘rZXmam§À¶m dmS>çm§‘Ü¶oAm{U JT>çm§‘Ü¶o ~§{XñV hmoV hmoVr ¶mMo Xþ:I ehadmgr¶m§À¶m ‘ZmV gcVhmoVo. eoVH$è¶m§À¶m emofUmVcm nwaogm {hñgm Amnë¶m dmQ>çmcm ¶oV Zmhr hoehadmgr¶m§À¶m ‘ZmVrc eë¶ hmoVo.

Jm§YrOr qhXþñWmZmV Amco Am{U eoVH$ar MidirZo AmUIr EH$Xm Hy$g~Xccr. eoVH$è¶m§À¶m O‘rZXma d gmdH$mam§À¶m {damoYmVrc g§Kfm©Mr eº$sVoWyZ ~mOyg H$mTy>Z gd© B§J«Or amOdQ>rÀ¶m {damoYmV Mmcy Agcoë¶m ñdV§ÌVmAm§XmocZmg OmoS>Ê¶mV ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr Am{U Ë¶m§Mo gaXma nQ>ocm§gmaIo ghH$mar¶eñdr Pmco. B§J«Om§À¶m AmJ‘ZmZ§Va OZVocm H$m¶Xm d gwì¶dñWm, {eúmUmÀ¶mgmo¶r Am{U gmd©O{ZH$ OrdZmV g‘mZVoMm AZw^d Aem Jmoï>tMm cm^ìhm¶cm cmJcm hmoVm. cmoH$m§À¶m Ñï>rZo Om{V-{df‘VoMm A§V hmoUo ho B§J«OhQ>Ê¶mnoúmm ‘hÎdmMo hmoVo. gm‘m{OH$ gwYma hmoÊ¶mAmYrM B§J«O {ZKyZ JocoVa Á¶m cmoH$m§Zr eoH$S>mo df} a¶Voda AÝ¶m¶ Ho$co, Owcy‘O~aXñVr Ho$crË¶mM cmoH$m§À¶m hmVmV nwÝhm XoemMr gyÌo OmVrc Aer Ë¶m§Zm YmñVr dmQ>VhmoVr; nU ñdV§ÌVm Am§XmocZmMr JVrM Aer hmoVr H$s eoVH$è¶m§Zr Amnë¶màYmZ g‘ñ¶m ~mOycm R>odyZ Vo ¶m Am§XmocZmV gm‘rc Pmco. Jm§YrOtMo ZoV¥Ëd‘mZUmao emgZ eoVH$è¶m§À¶m g‘ñ¶m Xÿa H$arc, Ë¶m§À¶mda AÝ¶m¶ hmoD$XoUma Zmhr Aer Ë¶m§Zm Amem dmQ>V hmoVr.

ñdmV§Í¶mZ§Va n§Mdrg-Vrg df} eoVH$è¶m§À¶m ‘ZmVrc hr Amem {Q>Hy$ZhmoVr. g‘mOdmXmÀ¶m KmofUm ‘moR>çm cmo^g R>aë¶m. O{‘Zrg§~§Yr Oo H$m¶Xo

B©ñQ> B§{S>¶m H§$nZrMo A{YH$marhr BVHo$ cmcMr hmoVo H$s O‘rZXmam§ZmgwÕmOJUo ‘wpíH$c hmoD$Z ~gco. B§J«O A{YH$mè¶m§À¶m Owcw‘mVyZ gwQ>Ê¶mÀ¶mAmeoZo O‘rZXma 1857 À¶m ~§S>mV ~è¶mM ‘moR>çm g§»¶oZo gm‘rc Pmco hmoVo.~§S> {Q>Hy$ eH$co Zmhr H$maU ~§S>mV gm‘rc Pmcoco amOo, O‘rZXma gd©gm‘mÝ¶OZVoMm nmqR>~m {_idy eH$co ZmhrV. ~§S> ‘moS>co, amUrMo amÁ¶ Amco Am{U~§S>mV gm‘rc Pmcoë¶m O‘rZXmam§Zm H$R>moanUo ZoñVZm~yV H$aÊ¶mV Amco.Ë¶m§À¶m OmJr, B§J«Om§Zm ‘XV H$aUmè¶m cmoH$m§Zm O‘rZXmar XoÊ¶mV Amcr.ZdrZ O‘rZXmam§Mm hm dJ© EH$ Img ê$n KoD$Z Amcm. gd©gm‘mÝ¶ OZVmB§J«Om§{déÕ ~§S>m‘Ü¶o gm‘rc Pmcr Zmhr ho Iao; nU ImZXmZr O‘rZXmam§À¶m{déÕ B§J«Om§Mo {nÎmo ~ZyZ Cô am{hco åhUyZ Zì¶mZo O‘rZXmar cm^coë¶m ¶m‘hm^mJm§‘Ü¶o a¶VoÀ¶m ‘ZmV H$‘mcrMr K¥Um hmoVr. ¶m Zì¶m O‘rZXmam§g‘moaImZXmZmMr B‚mV gm§^miÊ¶mMm àíZM ZìhVm. Ë¶m‘wio Ë¶m§À¶m H$ma^mamdaH$gë¶mM Z¡{VH$VoMo ~§YZ ZìhVo. eoVH$ar Am{U eoV‘Owam§À¶m hmVyZ {OVHo$O‘oc {VVHo$ nrH$ Amoa~mSy>Z KoUo, ‘m¡O‘Om d EofAmam‘mV YZg§nÎmr CS>{dUoAm{U Amnco ho ^m½¶ AI§S> amhmdo ¶mgmR>r e³¶ {VV³¶m Vèhm§Zr gaH$marA{YH$mè¶m§Zm Iyf R>odUo Ago ¶m ZdrZ O‘rZXmam§Mo OrdZ Pmco hmoVo.

Xoem‘Ü¶o B§J«Or Ý¶m¶mc¶o Mmcy hmoÊ¶mAmYr JmdMr H$moUVrhr n§Mm¶VH$mhr gm‘m{OH$ AnamYmgmR>r EImÚmcm Om{V~{hîH$mamMr {eúmm XoD$ eH$VAgo, nU H$moUmcm Jmdm~mhoa hmH$cy eH$V Zgo.

AmVm O‘rZXmam§Zm Ý¶m¶mc¶m§À¶m ‘XVrZo eoVH$è¶m§À¶m O{‘Zr {hgH$mdyZKoUo e³¶ hmoD$ cmJco. O‘rZXmam§Zmhr n¡em§Mr JaO Zoh‘r ^mgo.gaH$mar‘hgyc âÊ¶mgmR>r gX²dV©Zr O‘rZXmam§Zmhr H$O© H$mT>mdo cmJo. ~mH$s gmè¶mO‘rZXmam§Zm EofAmam‘mgmR>r a¶VoMr {nidUyH$ H$ê$ZgwÕm n¡emMm IUIUmQ>^mgV Ago. gmdH$mam§Zm Am{U ì¶mOmda n¡go XoÊ¶mMm ì¶dgm¶ H$aUmam§Zm‘hÎd àmá Pmco Am{U Vo ñdV:M EH$ VmH$X ~Zco.

B§J«Om§À¶m AmJ‘ZmZ§Va H§$nZr{déÕ O‘rZXmam§Zr Cô Ho$coco ~§S> åhUOoeoVH$ar MidiM hmoVr- O‘rZXmam§Zr Ho$cocr- Midi; nU O‘rZXmam§~ÔcWmoS>m~hþV AmXa amIyZ Agcr Var a¶V Ë¶mdoir B§J«Om§À¶m {damoYmV C^rR>mH$cr Zmhr. eoVH$ar-Apñ‘Vm ^§J nmdcr. Jmd EH$H$ KQ>H$ am{hcm Zmhr.AmVm eoVH$ar Midi gaH$ma{damoYr ñdê$nmMr Z amhmVm JmdHw$gmÀ¶m AmV‘¶m©{XV Pmcr Am{U ‘J Hw$R>o gmdH$mam§À¶m {damoYmV Va Hw$R>o O‘rZXmam§À¶m


Joë¶m ghm gmV dfmªnmgyZ eoVH$ar Midi AmUIr EH$ ZdrZ ^y{‘H$mnma nmS>rV Amho. OJâ g‘mOdmXmMm Eo{Vhm{gH$ nmS>md Pmcm Amho; nU[h§XþñWmZmV nwT>mar, ZmoH$aXma, g‘mOdmXmÀ¶m O‘mÝ¶m‘Ü¶o g‘¥Õ Pmcococm¶gÝg-na{‘Q>m§Mo Xcmc amOH$maUr, Jw§S>, VñH$a Aem gdmªZr gÎmm ~iH$mdcrAmho. B§J«O Amco Ë¶m H$mir ¶m XoemV R>Jn|T>mè¶m§Mr AZm¡nMm[aH$ amOdQ>Mmcy hmoVr; B§J«O Joë¶mZ§Va nÞmg dfmªV R>Jn|T>mè¶m§Zm Amncr Am¡nMm[aH$amOdQ> ê$T> H$aUo gmÜ¶ Pmco Zmhr. ZoVm, VñH$a, Jw§S>m, A’$ga g‘mOdmXmÀ¶mO‘mÝ¶mV hmVr Amcocr gÎmm gmoS>m¶cm gwImgwIr V¶ma hmoUma ZmhrV. CcQ>,"¶oZHo$Z àH$maoU' gaH$maemhr d ZmoH$aemhr ¶m§Mm A§‘c MmcyM ahmdm¶mgmR>r Ë¶m§Mr à¶ËZm§Mr naH$mð>m gwê$ Amho; Am{U gaH$ma d ZmoH$aemhrÀ¶mà^wËdm{déÕ g§Kf© C^m H$aÊ¶mMr ‘hÎdmMr ^y{‘H$m Zdr eoVH$ar Midinma nmS>V Amho.

eoVH$ar MidirZo B{VhmgmVrc EH$ H$mcMH«$ nwao Ho$co Amho Ago{XgVo. ¶m MidirMr gwédmV gaH$ma ZmdmÀ¶m H$moUË¶mhr Jmoï>rcm {damoYH$aÊ¶mZo Pmcr. Z§Va H$mhr H$mi ¶m MidirÀ¶m Ádmcm JmdHw$gmÀ¶mAmVM ^S>H$V am{hë¶m Am{U {VZo O‘rZXma d gmdH$mam{déÕ g§Kfm©Mo ê$nKoVco. ñdV§ÌVm Am§XmocZmV amï´>r¶ ‘Ü¶àdmhmV {VZo Amnco ApñVËd PmoHy$Z{Xco. ñdmV§Í¶mZ§Va CËnmXZ dmT>{dUo, ghH$mamMr OmonmgZm H$aUo Aer {dYm¶H$H$m‘ohr ¶m MidirZo Ho$cr Am{U AmVm Amnë¶m Am{X‘ ñdê$nmV nwÝhmEH$Xm XoemÀ¶m ì¶mgnrR>mda C^r am{hcr Amho. gaH$maemhrMm {damoY hreoVH$ar MidirMr AmÚ àoaUm hmoVr. AmO ¶m Midircm Amnë¶m ‘yiAmoiIrMr IyU gmnS>cr Amho.


Pmco Ë¶m‘wio gd©gm‘mÝ¶ a¶Vocm AmZ§X Pmcm. H$maU, O‘rZXmam§H$Sy>ZMO‘rZ H$mTy>Z KoVcr OmV hmoVr. Agm H$m¶Xm A‘cmV AmUVmZm H$mhrH$m¶Xoera OmoaO~aXñVr H$amdr cmJV Agoc Va Ë¶mV H$mhr J¡a Zmhr AemVèhoÀ¶m "co{ZZr' Im³¶mÀ¶m Z¡{VH$VoMmhr à^md ‘moR>m hmoVm. Ë¶mdoireoVH$è¶m§À¶m cúmmV Amco Zmhr H$s O‘rZXmam§Mm H$mQ>m H$mT>Ê¶mgmR>r hmVmVKoVcoco ho H$m¶ÚmMo H$mQ>o cdH$aM eoVH$è¶m§À¶m {damoYmVhr hË¶mao åhUyZdmnaco OmUma AmhoV!

Xoer gaH$maZo gmdH$mar g§ndcr Voìhmhr eoVH$è¶m§Zm AmZ§X Pmcm;JmdÀ¶m gmdH$mamÀ¶m OmJr ehamVrc g§ñWm gmdH$ma ~ZyZ Amë¶mZo n[apñWVrVH$mhr ’$aH$ nS>Uma Zmhr hohr Ë¶m§À¶m Ü¶mZmV Amco Zmhr.

h[aV-H«$m§VrÀ¶m à¶moJmZo CËnmXZ dmT>co, AÞYmÝ¶mÀ¶m ~m~VrV XoeAmnë¶m nm¶m§da C^m am{hcm. ghH$mamMr aocMoc Pmcr. gmIa, gyV BË¶mXtMoH$maImZo Cô am{hco, BVHo$ gJio hmoD$Zhr, Amnë¶m J[a~rMo {ZdmaU hmoVZmhr ho eoVH$è¶m§Zm AZw^dmcm ¶oD$ cmJco. ehamMr ââmQ> hmoD$ cmJcr,Jmdo Amog nSy> cmJcr.

eoVH$ar Midi Amnco ApñVËd ñdV§ÌVm Am§XmocZmÀ¶m amï´>r¶ àdmhmVhadyZ ~gcr hmoVr. amï´>r¶ àdmhmV gm‘rc Pmcoë¶m eoVH$è¶m§Mr ‘wco AmVmAm‘Xma ~Zcr, ImgXma ~Zcr, ‘§Ìr ~Zcr; ghH$mar g§ñWm§Mo AÜ¶úm~Zcr, ghH$mar H$maImZXma ~Zcr. O‘rZXma, gmdH$ma Joco nU Ë¶m§À¶mOmJoda nwT>mè¶m§À¶m n[admamVrc ‘wco JmdÀ¶m gÎmoda H$~Om H$ê$Z ~gcr.’$º$, eoVH$è¶mMr n[apñWVr gwYmacr Zmhr; ¶mCcQ>, Imcmdcr.

ñdmV§Í¶mZ§Va XoemMm {dH$mg H$m Pmcm Zmhr, XoemV g‘¥Õr H$m AmcrZmhr Aem MMm© gÜ¶m Mmcy AmhoV; H$emgmR>r? Va åhUo, gÜ¶m AmnUñdmV§Í¶mMm nÞmgmdm dYm©nZ{XZ gmOam H$arV AmhmoV! ñdmV§Í¶ ¶oD$ZgwÕmXoe Jar~ H$m am{hcm, eoVH$è¶m§Mo Xm[aÚ« H$m dmT>co, Jmdo COmS> H$m hmoD$cmJcr Ago àíZ Zì¶m eoVH$ar MidirZo nwT>o R>odco AmhoV. XoemÀ¶mJ[a~rMo Am{U eoVH$è¶m§À¶m Xþ:ImMo H$maU gaH$maMr YmoaUoM Amho Aer ¶mMidirMr YmaUm Amho. gaH$ma g‘mOdmXmÀ¶m ZmdmImcr eoVH$è¶m§ZmOmUyZ~wOyZ cwQ>Vo Amho ho ¶m MidirZo gà‘mU {gÕ Ho$co Amho. 1980 ‘Ü¶ogwê$ Pmcoë¶m ¶m eoVH$ar MidirZo nwÝhm EH$Xm "eoVH$ar {déÕ {~JaeoVH$ar' ho Amnco ‘yi ñdê$n YmaU H$co Amho.


~mOmanoR>oVrc ì`mnmamdarc VgoM {Z`m©Vrdarc {Z~ªY Xya H$aÊ`mMr ‘mJUrn{hë`mnmgyZ H$arV AmhoV. gaH$macm H$a, {~co, gog dJ¡ao ê$nm§Zr H$amd`mMmâUm Z XoÊ`mMm, VgoM CËnmXZ H$‘r H$aÊ`mMr V`mar R>odÊ`mMm ‘wimdaMKmd KmcUmam H¥${VH$m`©H«$‘ Omhra H$aUo `m ñdV§ÌVmdmXr eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm§Zm^mJ nS>co.

eoVr‘mcmMo CËnmXZ H$‘r H$aÊ`mMm H$m`©H«$‘ A‘cmV AmUUo VerAdKS> JmoîQ> Amho. CËnmXZmV dmT> hmoD$ZgwÕm CËnÝZmV KQ> òD$ cmJcrVaM eoVH$ar Aer Q>moH$mMr ^y{‘H$m KoVrc qH$dm ‘J, Ë`m§Zm Oa Ago dmQy>cmJco H$s Amncr H$m|S>r Pmcr Amho Am{U Ë`mVyZ gwQ>Ê`mMo H$mhrM ‘mJ©ZmhrV Va CËnmXZ H$‘r H$aÊ`mMm ‘mJ© Ë`m§Zm g§`w{º$H$ dmQ>oc.

eoVH$ar H$m|S>rV gmnS>cm Amho `mcm, {d{dY amÁ`mV KS>Umè`meoVH$è`m§À`m AmË‘hË`mgÌmIoarO AmUIr H$mhr nwamdm Amdí`H$ AmhoH$m? Mmcy h§Jm‘mV d Am§Y« àXoeÀ`m dma§Jc {OëømVyZ eoVH$è`m§À`mAmË‘hË`m§À`m ~mVå`m òÊ`mg gwédmV Pmcr Amho. ^nHo$~mO g‘ma§Âm{U BÝ’$mo-Q>oH$À`m àJVr~Ôc ’w$emaH$s `m§Zr eoVH$è`m§À`m X¡Ý`mdñWoMoZmJSo> gË` PmH$Vm òUma Zmhr.

ñdmV§Í`moÎma H$mimVrc ^maVr` eoVrMm WmoS>Š`mV AmT>mdm KoD$. Zohê$A§V:H$aUnyd©H$ g‘mOdmXr hmoVo; Ë`m§Zr nmUrnwadR>çmgmR>r d drO{Z{‘©VrgmR>rYaUo ~m§YyZ, O‘rZ-gwYmaUm H$m`Xo H$ê$Z Am{U ghH$mar nVg§ñWm d~mOma`§ÌUm `m§Mr C^maUr H$ê$Z eoVrjoÌmMr g§aMZm gwYmaÊ`mMm à`ËZHo$cm. `m YmoaUm§Zr Xoemcm 1960 À`m XeH$mV "~§XamV CVaUmè`mAÝZYmÝ`mÀ`m amoemda OJÊ`mÀ`m' AdñWocm AmUyZ nmohmoMdco. cmc~hmXwaemñÌtZr h[aV H«$m§Vr V§ÌkmZmMo ñdmJV Ho$co, Ë`mM~amo~a AmYma^yV {H$‘VrMr`§ÌUm d Ë`mgmR>r H¥${f‘yë` Am`moJmMr C^maUr Ho$cr. emñÌrOtÀ`m "OÒdmZ, O` {H$gmZ' YmoaUmZo Xoemcm AÝZYmÝ`mÀ`m ~m~VrV ñd`§nyU©VocmZoco. ‘mÌ, H$mhr H$mimZ§Va eoVH$è`m§À`m Ago cjmV òD$ cmJco H$sCËnmXH$VoV Am{U CËnmXZmV dmT> hmoD$Zhr CËnÝZ dmT>co Zmhr, Vo haVMam{hco Am{U H$Om©À`m àM§S> ~moOmImcr X~VM am{hco.

EH$m ‘mJmo‘mJ EH$ Amcoë`m gaH$mam§Zr OmUyZ~wOyZ eoVrjoÌmÀ`m {damoYrYmoaUo am~dcr; eoVr‘mcmÀ`m dmhVwH$sdarc, gmR>dUwH$sdarc, à{H«$òdarcAm{U {Z`m©Vrdarc {Z~ªY Am{U Ë`m§À`m OmoS>rZo Amnë`m ‘m`~mn gaH$maZo

Vodrg

eoVH$è¶m§Zm hdm "‘me©c ßc°Z'

{VénVr òWo 15 Vo 17 ‘mM© 2000 amoOr Pmcoë`m amîQ´>r` eoVH$arn[afXoZo Ho$coë`m R>amdm§Zr ‘moR>r Ii~i CS>dyZ {Xcocr {XgVo. `m R>amdm§daQ>rH$m H$aUmam§n¡H$s ~hwVoH$m§Zm ho ‘mÝ` Amho H$s eoVH$ar ^`§H$a g§H$Q>mVgmnS>co AmhoV Am{U gaH$ma dfm}JUVr, Ë`mMo Amnë`mcm H$mhr gmoà-gwVH$ Zgë`mgmaIo MmcVo. Am`mVrdarc JwUdÎmm{df`H$ {Z~ªY Q>ßß`mQ>ßß`mZoH$‘r H$ê$Z AW©ì`dñWm Iwcr Ho$cr Va ^maVr` eoVrcm ì`dgm` åhUyZMm§Jco ^{dVì` Amho `m~ÔcMr OmUrd AmVm V`ma hmoD$ cmJcr Amho.

""{VénVr R>amdm§Mm gya g‘OÊ`mgmaIm Amho; nU Ë`mMr A{^ì`º$sMwH$sMr Amho.'' Agm H$mhr Q>rH$mH$mam§Mm {ZîH$f© Amho.

Ë`m§Mm gwk g„m Agm Amho : ""qhXwñWmZmV H$amoS>mo ^wHo$cr Vm|So> AmhoVAm{U qhXwñWmZr ~mOmanoR> eoVH$ar {OVHo$ {nH$dVrc Vo gd© [aM{dÊ`mgg‘W© Amho. Ë`m‘wio, eoVH$è`m§Zr CËnmXH$Vm dmT>dmdr; gaH$maZo añVo,~mOmanoR> Am{U qgMZmÀ`m nm`m^yV gw{dYm gwYmamì`m Am{U eoVH$è`m§À`mg§KQ>Zm§Zr Ë`m§À`m KQ>H$m§‘Yrc g‘Ýd` gwYmaÊ`mda VgoM H|$Ð Am{U amÁèmgZm§Zr àm`mo{OV Ho$coë`m CËnmXZ`moOZm§À`m A{YH¥$V A§‘c~OmdUrdaâ Úmdm.''

eoVH$è`m§À`m amîQ´>r` n[afXoMo ZoVo AOmU, ~mc~wÕrMo Z¸$sM ZmhrV.VrZ {Xdg gcJnUo gd© g‘ñ`m§Mr nmio‘wio IUyZ Ho$coë`m àJë^{dMma‘§WZmÀ`m AmYmamZo hr n[afX {VénVr H¥${VH$m`©H«$‘màV oD$Z nmohmoMcr.{VénVr òWo O‘coë`m eoVH$è`m§À`m {d{dY amÁ`mVrc g§KQ>Zm {Z{dîQ>m§gmR>rAZwXmZm§Mr ^rH$ ‘mJUmè`m qH$dm eoVr‘mcmcm gVV dmT>Vo AmYma^md‘mJUmè`m g§KQ>Zm ZìhË`m. `m gd© g§KQ>Zm eoVr‘mcmÀ`m Xoem§VJ©V


eoVH$è`m§Zm ~mOmanoR> Am{U V§ÌkmZ `m§À`mer g§nH©$ gmYÊ`mMo ñdmV§Í`Vm~S>Vmo~ {‘iÊ`mZoM Iwcm hmoUma Amho. Ë`m§Zm hohr ‘mhrV Amho H$s,"B§{S>`m'À`m gVVÀ`m Mmirg dfmªÀ`m Am{W©H$ AmH«$‘Um‘wio V`ma Pmcoë`mgS>coë`m AdñWoVyZhr "^maVm'Mo nwZéËWmZ hmoUma Amho. ’$º$, g§aMZmAm{U V§ÌkmZ `m§Mm XOm© gwYmaÊ`mgmR>r "‘me©c ßc°Z'gmaIr EImXr `moOZmAmdí`H$ Amho.

{VénVr òWrc amîQ´>r` eoVH$ar n[afXoZo AJXr {ZH$amMo AmdmhZ Ho$coAmho, Ë`mZo Var gaH$macm OmJ òB©c `m AmeoZo.

eoVH$è`m§Zr ñdV:nwaVo Am{U Amnë`m JmdmnwaVoM {nH$dco Va gaH$macmOmJo ìhmdoM cmJoc. ñQ>°{cZZo Aer n[apñWVr CX²^dcr Voìhm Ë`m§À`meoVH$è`m§da aUJmSo> KmVco; qhXwñWmZ gaH$ma WmoS>m ~am {ddoH$ XmIdrcAer eoVH$è`m§À`m g§KQ>Zm§Zm Amem Amho.

(eoVH$ar g§KQ>H$, 6 E{àc 2000)

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

"‘me©c ßc°Z' CJ‘mMo ^mfU

gä` OZ hmo, OJmMr n[apñWVr AË`§V J§^ra Pmcr Amho `mMr Vwåhmcm H$ënZm XoUo‘cm Amdí`H$ dmQ>Vo. Iao Va, gd© ~w{Õ‘mZ cmoH$m§Zm `mMr OmUrd AgocM; nU ‘mÂ`mX¥îQ>rZo AS>MUrMr ~m~ åhUOo hr g‘ñ`m BVH$s Jw§VmJw§VrMr Amho H$s Ë`mg§~§Yr dV©‘mZnÌoAm{U ao{S>Amo `m§À`m ‘mÜ`‘mVyZ OZVog‘moa òUmè`m gd© ‘m{hVrMr Jmoim~oarO Ho$cr Vargd©gm‘mÝ` ‘mUgmcm m J§^ra n[apñWVrMo ñdÀN> AmH$cZ hmoUo H$R>rU Amho. Ë`mncrH$So>,AmnU OJmÀ`m g‘ñ`mJ«ñV ^mJm§nmgyZ IynM Xya AmhmoV Am{U g‘ñ`mJ«ñV cmoH$m§MrXrK©H$mcrZ XwX©em Am{U Vrdarc à{V{H«$`m Am{U Ë`m gdmªMm Ë`m§À`m gaH$mam§da hmoUmamn[aUm‘ `m gdmªMo Amnë`m amîQ´>mVrc ZmJ[aH$m§Zm AmnU gwê$ Ho$coë`m OmJ{VH$ em§VVmñWmnZoÀ`m à`ËZm§À`m g§X^m©V AmH$cZ hmoUo H$R>rU Amho.

`wamonÀ`m nwZd©gZmgmR>r H$m` H$m` Amdí`H$ Amho `mMm {hemo~ H$aVmZm àË`jOr{dVhmZr; ehao, H$maImZo, ImUr, aoëdo‘mJ© Aem X¥í` ZwH$gmZrMm A§XmO ~amo~aH$mT>cm Jocm Amho; nU Joë`m H$mhr ‘{hÝ`m§V ghOr Ago {XgyZ Amco H$s `wamonÀ`mAW©ì`dñWoMo Omio {dñH${iV Pmë`mZo Oo ZwH$gmZ Pmco Amho Ë`m ‘mZmZo `m X¥í`{dX²Üd§gm‘wio Pmcoco ZwH$gmZ H$‘r J§^ra Amho. Joë`m Xhm dfmªV n[apñWVr gmVË`mZo’$maM Añdm^m{dH$, {d{MÌ ~ZV Jocr. VmnmÀ`m Yw§XrV Agë`mgmaIr Ho$cocr `wÕmMrV`mar Am{U Ë`mhyZ A{YH$ Yw§XrV Ho$cocm `wÕ Mmcy R>odÊ`mMm AmQ>m{nQ>m `m§Zr amîQ´>rÀW©ì`dñWm§À`m gd©M A§Jm§Zm J«hU cmJco. §Ìgm‘wJ«r ZmXwéñV Pmcr qH$dm XwéñVrncrH$So>

naXoemVyZ AmUcocm eoVr‘mc H$‘r {H$_VrV Xoem§VJ©V ~mOmanoR>oV AmoVUo`m gdmªZr eoVH$è`mcm H§$Jmc ~Zdco. m YmoaUmË‘H$ moOZm§‘wio eoVrjoÌmVrc^m§S>dcmMr Yyn Pmcr. n[aUm‘r, eoVH$è`m§Zm ‘mKma KoD$Z {ZH¥$îQ> V§ÌkmZmMmAm{U ì`dñWmnZmMm Adc§~ H$aUo ^mJ nS>co.

1991 gmcr Am{W©H$ gwYmam§Mr gwédmV Pmcr Am{U eoVH$è`m§À`m ‘ZmVAmem n„{dV Pmë`m H$s gaVoeodQ>r Amnco {Xdg Amco AmhoV, AmVmeoVr‘mcmÀ`m ì`mnmamdarc {Z~ªY CR>Vrc Am{U eoVr ì`dgm`mcm nyaH$ dVmaH$ CÚmoJm§Mr nadmÝ`mÀ`m ~oS>rVyZ gwQ>H$m hmoB©c. àË`jmV, Am{W©H$gwYmam§Mm eoVrjoÌmcm dmamgwÕm cmJcm Zmhr. OmJ{VH$ ì`mnma g§KQ>ZoÀ`mH$amamV Agcoë`m VaVwXrZwgma qhXwñWmZ gaH$maZo eoVr‘mcmÀ`m ì`mnmamdarc{Z~ªY H$mTy>Z Q>mH$mdo, gmd©O{ZH$ {dVaU ì`dñWoMm ngmam ‘`m©{XV H$amdmAm{U Ë`m ì`dñWoVyZ {dVaU H$aÊ`mgmR>r cmJUmam ‘mc Iwë`m ~mOmamVyZIaoXr H$amdm, CËnmXH$m§da coìhr cmXy Zò. qhXwñWmZ gaH$maZo `m VaVwXrA‘cmV AmUÊ`mH$So> H$mUmS>moim Ho$cm; nU OmJ{VH$ ì`mnma g§KQ>ZoÀ`mVaVwXrZwgma Am`mVrdarc JwUdÎmm{df`H$ {Z~ªY Q>ßß`mQ>ßß`mZo hQ>{dÊ`m~m~VOmJ{VH$ ì`mnma g§KQ>ZoÀ`m AÝ` gXñ` amîQ´>m§Zr AmUcoë`m X~mdmnwT>oqhXwñWmZ gaH$ma ’$ma H$mi {Q>H$md Yê$ eH$co Zmhr Am{U Ë`mcm eoVr‘mcmÀ`mAm`mVrdarc {Z~ªY CR>dyZ Am`mVrcm AZw‘Vr XoUo ^mJ nS>co.

E{àc 2000 À`m gw‘mamg ^maVr` eoVH$ar {d{MÌ H$m|S>rV gmnS>cocmAgoc : EH$m ~mOycm gaH$maMr eoVrjoÌmg§~§Yr d¡a^mdr YmoaUo Am{UXwgè`m ~mOycm, Am`mV Pmcoë`m ‘mcmMm • ñdñV nU Am{U ‘ñV nU •cm|T>m.

eoVH$è`m§Zm amñV ^md ZmH$maUmè`m Am{U OdiOdi 87 Q>¸o$ CUog~{gS>r cmXÊ`mÀ`m gaH$mar YmoaUm§‘wio Joë`m Mmirg dfmªV eoVrjoÌgSy>Z Joco Amho, eoVrjoÌmÀ`m g§aMZoMr ‘moS>VmoS> Pmcr Amho Am{U V§ÌkmZmVhr‘mJmgconUm Amcm Amho. Am§VaamîQ´>r` ~mOmanoR>oV O¡{dH$ V§ÌkmZmZo {dH${gVOmVrÀ`m ñdñV H$mngmMm nya cmoQ>cm AgVmZm qhXwñWmZ gaH$ma ‘mÌAmnë`m eoVH$è`m§Zm Ë`m {~`mÊ`m§Mr MmMUr H$aÊ`mgmR>rgwÕm nadmZJr XoVZmhr.

{VénVr òWo eoVH$è`m§À`m amîQ´>r` n[afXogmR>r O‘coë`m eoVH$è`m§À`mg§KQ>Zm§Zm ‘mhrV Amho H$s eoVH$è`m§Zm Xw:pñWVrVyZ ~mhoa nS>Ê`mMm ‘mJ©


g§nyU© `wamon joÌmVrc McZm§À`m àM{cV ‘yë`m§~Ôc MMm© H$aÊ`mV H$mhr AW© Zmhr; nU`wamon I§S>mVrc gd© CËnmXH$ Am{U eoVH$ar Amnë`m ‘mcm§Mr XodmUKodmU `m McZm§À`m‘mÜ`‘mVyZ H$aÊ`mg amOr hmoVrc Aer n[apñWVr V`ma ìhm`cm hdr.

`m gd© n[apñWVr‘wio OmJ{VH$ ñVamda {ZéËgmhmMo dmVmdaU V`ma hmoB©c Am{U Ë`m{ZéËgmhmVyZ Amcoë`m AJ{VH$Vo‘wio X§JoYmono CgiÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho; nU Ë`m~amo~arZoMA‘o[aHo$À`m AW©ì`dñWoda Ë`mMo H$m` n[aUm‘ hmoVrc Vohr AmnU gdmªZr g‘OyZ KoVconm{hOo. OJmMo Am{W©H$ ñdmñÏ` Mm§JcoM amhm`cm hdo, Ë`m{edm` g‘mOmV ñW¡`© Am{Uem§VVm Zm§Xy eH$Uma Zmhr. Ë`m‘wio, OmJ{VH$ Am{W©H$ ñdmñÏ` gwYmaÊ`mgmR>r A‘o[aHo$ZoeŠ` {VVH$s ‘XV H$aUo VH©$g§JVM hmoB©c. Amncr YmoaUo H$moÊ`m amîQ´>m{déÕ qH$dm{dMmagaUr{déÕ ZmhrV; Amncr YmoaUo yH$, J[a~r, d¡’$ë` Am{U Aì`dñWm m§À`m{déÕAmhoV. ñdV§ÌVmdmXr g§ñWm§Mo ApñVËd YmoŠ`mV òUma Zmhr Aem àH$maÀ`m OmJ{VH$AW©ì`dñWoMr nwZñWm©nZm H$aUo hm Amnë`m YmoaUm§Mm CÔoe Agcm nm{hOo Am{U ‘mPrImÌr Pmcr Amho H$s ‘XVM H$am`Mr Pmcr Va doJdoJiçm g‘ñ`m Cä`m am{hë`m H$s Ë`mË`m doir VwH$S>çm VwH$S>çmZo ‘XV H$aÊ`mMm H$mhr Cn`moJ hmoV Zmhr. gaH$maZo `mnwT>o ‘XVH$am`Mr R>adcr Va Vr dadaÀ`m ‘c‘nÅ>rà‘mUo Z H$aVm g‘ñòMo nyUmªemZo {ZamH$aUH$aUmar Agmdr. Á`m amîQ´>m§À`m gaH$mam§Zm Amnë`m AW©ì`dñWoMr nwZñWm©nZm H$aÊ`mMr‘ZmnmgyZ Vi‘i Amho Ë`m§Zm A‘o[aHo$À`m gaH$maH$Sy>Z g§nyU© ghH$m`© {‘ioc Agm ‘cm{dûdmg dmQ>Vmo. BVa amîQ´>m§À`m Am{W©H$ gwYmaUm§À`m à`ËZm§Zm AS>Wio AmUyZ Ë`m§Zm ImoKmcÊ`mMo CnX²ì`mn H$aUmè`m amîQ´>m§Zm ‘mÌ Am‘À`mH$Sy>Z Aer ‘XVrMr Anojm H$aVmòUma Zmhr. Ë`mnwT>o OmD$Z, Or gaH$mao, amOH$s` nj Am{U JQ> amOH$s` qH$dm BVa’$m`Úm§gmR>r ‘mZdr g‘mOmV XwX©em {Z‘m©U H$aUmè`m H$madm`m H$aVrc Ë`m§Zm A‘o[aHo$À`mVrd« {damoYmcm Vm|S> Úmdo cmJoc.

`wamonr` amîQ´>m§À`m g‘ñòMo {ZamH$aU H$aUmè`m Am{U Ë`m§Zm Amnë`m AW©ì`dñWoMrnwZñWm©nZm H$aÊ`mÀ`m à`ËZm§V ‘XV H$aUmè`m `m `moOZoV A‘o[aH$m gaH$maZo ghH$m`m©Mr’$ma nwT>Mr nmdco Q>mH$Ê`mAmYr wamonr` amîQ´>m§‘Üò, gmh{OH$nUo, EH$ H$ama hmoUo Amdí`H$Amho. `m H$amamV A‘o[aHo$Mr Or H$mhr `moOZm Agoc Ë`m `moOZoH$Sy>Z àËòH$ amîQ´>mMrAno{jV ‘mJUr Am{U `moOZm A‘cmV AmUÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Mm gh^mJ `m{df`r ñnîQ>VmAgcr nm{hOo. `wamoncm ñdV:À`m nm`mda Cô amhÊ`mgmR>r A‘o[aHo$Zo EH$V’$s© EImXr`moOZm AmIyZ Vr Ë`m§À`mda cmXUo `mo½` hmoUma Zmhr Am{U ’$cXm`rhr R>aUma Zmhr. Vo`wamo{n`Zm§Mo H$m‘ Amho. Voìhm, ‘mÂ`m ‘Vo, nwT>mH$ma wamo{n`Zm§ZrM ¿`m`cm hdm. Am‘À`mXoemMr ^y{‘H$m `wamo{n`Zm§Zm Ë`m§À`m H$m`©H«$‘mMr AmIUr H$aÊ`mV {‘ÌËdmÀ`m ^mdZoVyZ‘XV H$aUo Am{U Z§Va Vr A‘cmV AmUÊ`mgmR>r àË`jmV eŠ` hmoB©c {VVHo$ Am{W©H$nmR>~i XoUo BVH$sM amhrc. hm H$m`©H«$‘ gm‘wXm{`H$ Agm`cm hdm; gJir Zmhr Var`wamonmVrc ~arM amîQ´>o `mV gm‘rc Pmcr nm{hOoV.

EHy$U g‘ñòMo ñdê$n Am{U {VÀ`m {ZamH$aUmgmR>r Ho$cocr Cnm``moOZm `mg§~§Yr

{~KS>cr. ñd¡a Am{U {dKmVH$ ZmPremhrImcr Ajae: àËòH$ CÚmoJ O‘©Z `wÕ`§ÌUoMm^mJ ~Zdcm Jocm. ^m§S>dcmMr hmZr, amîQ´>r`rH$aUmV JS>n hmoUo qH$dm gaigai {dX²Üd§g`m§‘wio XrK©H$mcrZ ì`mnmar g§~§Y, g§ñWm, ~±H$m, {d‘m H§$nÝ`m Am{U OhmO H§$nÝ`mZm‘eof Pmë`m. ~è`mM amîQ´>m§‘Üò, ñWm{ZH$ McZmdarc OZVoMm {dûdmg S>i‘irV PmcmAmho. `wÕH$mimV `wamon‘Yrc CÚmoJm§Mr ‘m§S>Ur nyU©nUo ‘moSy>Z nS>cr. cT>m`m g§nyZ XmoZdf} CcQ>cr Var O‘©Zr Am{U Am°pñQ´>`m~amo~a em§VVm H$ama hmoD$ Z eH$ë`mZo ZwH$gmZrVyZda òÊ`mMr JVr J§^ranUo H$‘r H$‘r hmoV Amho; nU `m gd© g‘ñ`m§VyZ gwQ>Ê`mgmR>rH$mhr VmVS>rMm VmoS>Jm {ZKmcm Var wamonmVrc AW©H$maUmMr KS>r ZrQ> ~gdm`Mr Va AmYrdmQ>V hmoVo Ë`mnojm ~amM A{YH$ H$mcmdYr Am{U à`ËZ Amdí`H$ AmhoV.

`m ~m~rMr AmUIr EH$ ~mOy Amho cjUr` Am{U J§^rahr. eoVH$ar Zoh‘r Amnë`mBVa JaOm ^mJ{dVm `mì`m åhUyZ ehadmgr`m§~amo~a {d{Z‘` H$aÊ`mgmR>r AÝZYmÝ`{nH${dVmo. hr l‘{d^mJUr AmYw{ZH$ g§ñH¥$VrMm nm`m Amho. m KS>rcm hm nm`mM CIS>cmOmÊ`mMr ^rVr V`ma Pmcr Amho. N>moQ>çm ‘moR>çm eham§Vrc CÚmoJ eoVH$è`mcm nwaoemdñVy§Mo CËnmXZ H$arV ZmhrV. H$ƒm ‘mc Am{U B§YZmMm nwadR>m Anwam Amho. §Ìgm‘wJ«rMrH$m`©j‘Vm H$‘r Pmcr Amho qH$dm Vr ‘moS>rVM {ZKmcr Amho. eoVH$ar qH$dm O‘rZXma m§ZmOmo ‘mc IaoXr H$aÊ`mMr BÀN>m Amho Vmo {dH«$sgmR>r CncãYM Zmhr. Ë`m‘wio hmVr Amcocmn¡gm H$mhrM Cn`moJmMm R>aV Zgë`mZo eoVmV {nH$dcocm ‘mc ~mOmamV ZoD$Z {dH$Ê`mMmIQ>mQ>mon Ë`mcm {~Z’$m`ÚmMm dmQy> cmJcm Amho. Ë`m‘wio, Ë`mZo ~arM O‘rZ {nH$m§ImcyZH$mTy>Z Ë`m§V Jwao Mmam`cm gwédmV Ho$cr Amho. H$nSo>cÎmo Am{U AmYw{ZH$ g§ñH¥$VrggmOoer `§ÌoCnH$aUo Ë`mÀ`mH$So> Zgcr Var eoVH$ar Amnë`m OZmdam§Zm OmXm YmÝ` ImD$KmcVmo Am{U Ë`mcm d Ë`mÀ`m Hw$Qw>§~r`m§Zmhr nwê$Z CaÊ`mBVHo$ AÝZ Ë`mÀ`mH$So> Amho.BH$So>, ehamVrc cmoH$m§Zm AÝZ Am{U B§YZmMm VwQ>dS>m nSy> cmJcm Amho. Ë`m‘wioamîQ´>mamîQ´>m§À`m gaH$mam§Zm Amnë`mH$S>rc naH$s` McZ Am{U Amncr nV IMy©Z naXoemVyZAÝZ Am{U B§YZ {dH$V AmUyZ ehar cmoH$m§À`m JaOm nwè`m H$aUo ^mJ nS>V Amho. OrJ§JmOir nwZ~mªYUrÀ`m VmVS>rÀ`m H$m‘mgmR>r dmnam`Mr VrM Aem VèhoZo AmQy>Z MmccrAmho. Aem VèhoZo EH$ J§^ra g‘ñ`m doJmZo AmH$ma KoV Amho, hr OJmÀ`m X¥îQ>rZoew gyMH$ KQ>Zm {ZpûMVM Zmhr. CËnmXZm§À`m {d{Z‘`mcm AmYma yV AgUmar l‘{d^mJUrMrAmYw{ZH$ àUmcr ‘moSy>Z nS>Ê`mÀ`m YmoŠ`mV gmnS>cr Amho.

`mVrc gË` n[apñWVr Aer Amho H$s òË`m VrZ-Mma dfmªV `wamoncm cmJUmè`mnaXoer - àm‘w»`mZo A‘o[aH$Z - AÝZYmÝò Am{U BVa OrdZmdí`H$ dñVy§À`m {H$_VrË`mÀ`m gÜ`mÀ`m Am{W©H$ j‘Vonojm {H$VrVar A{YH$ Amho. Ë`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zm ‘moR>çmà‘mUmda ‘XV {‘im`cm hdr qH$dm AË`§V J§^ra ñdê$nmÀ`m Am{W©H$, gm‘m{OH$ Am{UamOH$s` èhmgmcm gm‘moao OmÊ`mMr V`mar R>odmdr cmJoc.

ho XwîQ>MH«$ oXUo Am{U wamonr` amîQ´>m§À`m VgoM g‘J« wamonÀ`m Am{W©H$ {dVì`m~ÔcË`m§À`m OZVoV AmË‘{dûdmg nwZà©ñWm{nV H$aUo hmM `m n[apñWVrdarc VmoS>Jm Amho.


Mmodrg

eoVH$ar ñdmV§Í¶mMm Om{haZm‘m

Cä`m ^maVdfm©Vrc Amåhr eoVH$ar,EH$m Eo{Vhm{gH$ H$cmQ>UrÀ`m jUr, {X„r òWo 6 E{àc 2001 amoOr

EH$Ì òD$Z gd© e{º${Zer OJmÀ`m {ZXe©Zmg Am‘Mr H¡${’$`V AmUyBpÀN>Vmo;

^maVmVrc eoVH$ar eVH$mZweVHo$ Añ‘mZr Am{U gwcVmZr `m§Zr nrS>cmJocm Amho. ânya gy`©àH$me, ‘w~cH$ nmUr `m§Mr Z¡g{J©H$ XoUJr Xoemcmcm^cr Amho. gd© g§H$Q>m§Mm gm‘Zm H$aUmè`m H$îQ>H$ar CÚ‘r eoVH$è`m§À`m~imda Xoe g‘¥ÕrÀ`m {eIamda {ZgJ©{gÕ nmohmoMcm AgVm.

àË`jmV, nmdgmÀ`m charà‘mUo eoVrMm OwJma MmcV am{hcm; hOmamodf} {ZË`{Z`‘mZo XwîH$mi, ‘hmnya òV Joco; eoVrMr YyiYmU hmoV am{hcr.Á`mdfu ânya nrH$ Amco Ë`mdfuhr gwëVmZrMm VS>mIm ~go. n[aUm‘V:XþîH$mimMm gm‘Zm H$aÊ`mgmR>r eoVH$è`mH$So> H$mhr CaV Zgo.

hr gwcVmZr ñWm{ZH$ amOm§Zr Ho$cr, ñdY_u`m§Zr Ho$cr, XyaÀ`m amOm§ZrHo$cr, naH$s` AmH«$‘H$m§Zr Ho$cr, naY_u`m§Zr Ho$cr. Jmoè`m B§J«Om§À`mA§‘cmn`ªV ho AgoM Aì`mhV Mmcy am{hco.

B§J«Or Am‘XmZrV eoVH$è`m§À`m ‘wcm§Zm {ZXmZ {eH$Ê`mMr g§Yr {‘imcr.OmVrì`dñWoÀ`m Owcy‘mVyZ gwQ>H$m hmoÊ`mMr Am{U eoVrV AmYw{ZH$ V§ÌkmZmZoH$mhr àJVr hmoÊ`mMr Amem dmQy> cmJcr VmoM ñdamÁ` Amco.

ñdamÁ`mÀ`m H$mimV eoVrÀ`m emofUmMr YmoaUo g§nVrc Am{U eoVrVrcCËnmXZ d CËnmXH$Vm dmT>{dUmar YmoaUo am~{dcr OmVrc Aer Amem hmoVrVr cdH$aM ‘mcdcr. XoemMr AÝZYmÝ`mMr JaO naXoemVyZ Ho$coë`mAm`mVrVyZ ^mJV Agoc Va eoVrH$So> Xwc©j H$am`cmhr haH$V Zmhr Agm

A‘o[aHo$À`m Am‘ OZVoMr OmU hm m H$m`©H«$‘m§Vrc A‘o[aHo$À`m àËòH$ eñdr gh^mJmMmJm^m AgUma Amho; Ë`mV amOH$s` A{^{Zdoemcm qH$dm nyd©J«hmcm dmd AgUma Zmhr.

B{VhmgmZo Amnë`m amîQ´>mda hr Or O~m~Xmar gmon{dcr Amho Vr Am‘ A‘o[aH$ZOZVoÀ`m Ë`m O~m~Xmarcm gm‘moao OmÊ`mÀ`m ‘ZrfoÀ`m ~imda, ‘r AmVmn`ªV Á`m H$mhrAS>MUr Amnë`mg‘moa R>odë`m Ë`m§da ‘mV H$ê$Z nma nmSy> eHy$ Am{U nma nmSy>.

OZac ‘me©c `m§À`m `m ^mfUmZ§Va cdH$aM "`wamonr` Am{W©H$ ghH$ma n[afXo'MrñWmnZm Pmcr. {VÀ`m MMm©gÌm§Z§Va "`wamonr` Am{W©H$ ghH$ma g§K' ñWmnZ Pmcm. Ë`m§ZrOZac ‘me©c `m§À`m AnojoZwgma H$amaZm‘m Ho$cm Am{U `wamonr` amîQ´>m§À`m Am{W©H$nwZéËWmZmMm H$m`©H«$‘ gwê$ Pmcm. g‘mOdmXr a{e`mZo `m H$m`©H«$‘mV ^mJ Z KoÊ`mMoXS>nU Ë`m§À`m JQ>mVrc `wamonr` amîQ´>m§da AmUco. 1948 gmcr gwê$ Pmcoë`m `m Am{W©H$ghH$mamÀ`m H$m`©H«$‘mV A‘o[aHo$Zo `wamonr` amîQ´>m§Zm {S>g|~a 1951 n`ªV 1330 H$moQ>rS>m°ca {ZYr nwadcm.

‘hm`wÕmZo gd©V: CX²ÜdñV Pmcocr Or `wamonr` amîQ´>o `m H$m`©H«$‘mV gh^mJr Pmcr VrAmO OJmÀ`m ZH$memV àJV amîQ´>o åhUyZ AmoiIcr OmVmV.

(5 gßQ>|~a 1947 amoOr hmd©S©> {dûd{dÚmc`mV OZac ‘me©c `m§Zr Ho$coë`m

^mfUmMo ‘amR>rH$aU) (eoVH$ar g§KQ>H$, 6 E{àc 2000)


Pmcr åhUOo gy`m}X`mMr doi òVo, Ë`mà‘mUo {ZameoÀ`m `m JV}V AMmZH$EH$ AmeoMm {H$aU {j{VOmda {Xgy cmJcm. a{e`mVrc g‘mOdmXr H«$m§VrZ§Va{Z`moOZ, gmd©O{ZH$ joÌmMm ~So>Omd Am{U Am¡Úmo{JH$sH$aU `m§Mm gÎma df}Mmccocm ~moc~mcm nmoH$i R>acm. gaH$mar {Z`moOZmMr ì`dñWm H$m`©j‘AgyM eH$V Zmhr ho a{e`mVrc g‘mOdmXr AW©ì`dñWoMm S>mocmam H$mogië`mZo{gÕ Pmco.

g‘mOdmXmÀ`m ZmdmImcr Mmccoë`m cm`gÝg-na{‘Q>-BÝñnoŠQ>a amÁ`mnwT>o~hwVoH$ gmaoM {dÛmZ AW©emñÌr Am{U amOH$maUr ZV‘ñVH$ Pmco hmoVo.MH«$dVu amOJmonmcmMmatMm ñdV§Ì nj Am{U Ë`mZ§Va, AmYw{ZH$ H$mcI§S>mVrceoVH$ar Am§XmocZ `m§Zr ~§{XñV ì`dñWoVrc Xmof Vnercdma nwT>o ‘m§S>co.Ë`m{dê$Õ OZOmJ¥Vr KS>{dcr. eoVH$è`m§Mr Am§XmocZo Pmcr, eoH$S>mohwVmËå`m§Zr àmU {Xco Varhr gw~wÕr Z gwMcoco amOH$maUr ZoV¥Ëd AIoargIwconUmÀ`m OmJ{VH$ P§PmdmVmnwT>o Z‘co Am{U ^maVmVhr g‘mOdmXr{Z`moOZmEodOr Iwë`m ì`mnmamMm gwYma AmUÊ`mMr ^mfm gwê$ Pmcr.

n{hë`m ‘hm`wÕmZ§Va {Z‘m©U Pmcoë`m Am{W©H$ VUmdmÀ`m n[apñWVr‘wioAm§VaamîQ´>r` ì`mnma ‘moS>H$irg Amcm hmoVm. Xwgè`m ‘hm`wÕmZ§Va XmoñVamîQ´>m§Zr Zì`m OJmMr C^maUr H$aVmZm gyS>~wÕr gmoSy>Z XoD$Z {OV amîQ´>m§ZmMAmnë`m nm`mda Cô amhÊ`mg ‘XV H$aÊ`mMm H$m`©H«$‘ AmIcm Am{U nwÝhmEH$Xm XoemXoemVrc ì`mnmamV gaH$mar hñVjon {H$‘mZ amhmdm `mgmR>r à`ËZMmcy Ho$co. OmJ{VH$ ì`mnmanoR> C^r amhÊ`mMr gwédmV hmoÊ`mg E|erdfmªMm àXrK© H$mcI§S> cmJcm. Varhr, ^maVmVë`mgma»`m Jar~ Am{UAñ‘mZr d gwcVmZr XmoÝhr Owcw‘m§Zr J«ñV Pmcoë`m eoVH$è`m§Zm ho H$mhr Zdog§H$Q> Va Zmhr Aer ^rVr dmQy> cmJcr ho g‘OÊ`mgmaIo Amho.

OJmVrc gmar amîQ´>o Jar~ Am{U lr‘§V Aer {d^mJcr Jocr AmhoV.Ë`m§À`mVrc g§~§Y H$mhr eVHo$ emofUmMo am{hco AmhoV. Aem n[apñWVrVË`m§À`mV hmoUmao ì`mnmar H$ama ho H$mhr à‘mUmV Var Ag§Vw{cV amhUma hoCKS> Amho. Ë`mVco Ë`mV eoVr‘mcmÀ`m ì`mnmamg§~§Yr H$ama Va A{YH$MAg§Vw{cV AgUo gmh{OH$M Amho. H$maU, `m H$amamV JS>J§O AZwXmZmZocmS>mdcoco lr‘§V XoemVrc gYZ eoVH$ar Am{U {nT>çmZ²{nT>çm emofUmZoZmS>coco Jar~ Xoem§Vrc eoVH$ar ì`mnmahoVyZo EH$Ì òVmV. OmJ{VH$ ì`mnmag§ñWoÀ`m `m H$amam‘wio Am`mV, {Z`m©V d AZwXmZo `m gd©M joÌm§Vrc

{dMma ~imdcm. AÝZYmÝ`mÀ`m VwQ>dS>çmMm {dnarV n[aUm‘ XoemÀ`mg§ajUj‘Voda hmoV Amho ho cjmV òVmM n§VàYmZ cmc~hmXya emñÌr `m§ZrCËnmXZ d CËnmXH$Vm dmT>{dÊ`mMo Am{U Ë`mM~amo~a eoVr‘mcmcm AmYma^yV{H$‘mZ {H$_VrMr h‘r XoÊ`mMo YmoaU gwê$ Ho$co. emñÌrOtÀ`m {ZYZmZ§Vah[aVH«$m§Vr W§S>mdcr. Jhy Am{U ^mV `m {nH$m§À`m ncrH$So> ZdrZ V§ÌkmZmMmAdc§~ Pmcm Zmhr. n§Om~, h[a`mUm d npûM‘r CÎma àXoe `m§gma»`mImÌrÀ`m nmUrnwadR>çmÀ`m àXoem§ncrH$So>hr h[aVH«$m§Vr Ponmdcr Zmhr. mCcQ>,eoVr‘mcmcm ^mdmMr h‘r XoÊ`mMr `§ÌUm H$‘Omoa H$aÊ`mV Amcr Am{UgaH$mar AmYma^yV {H$_V {H$‘mZ ^md R>aÊ`mEodOr ~mOmanoR>oVrc H$‘mc^md R>ê$ cmJcm.

OrdZmdí`H$ dñVy§À`m H$m`ÚmMm gwcVmZemhr dmna H$ê$Z eoVrÀ`mXoer ~mOmanoR>oV {Z~ªYm§Mo Omio nga{dÊ`mV Amco. gd© Am¡Úmo{JH$ CËnmXZm§Zm{Z`m©VrgmR>r CÎmoOZ {Xco OmV AgVmZm eoVr‘mcmÀ`m {Z`m©Vrcm ‘mÌ ~§XrqH$dm ~§{XñVr Aì`mhV Mmcy am{hcr. `m gd© Am`wYm§À`m Cn`moJmZo eoVrVrcdaH$S> CËnmXZ Am¡Úmo{JH$sH$aUmH$[aVm ~iO~arZo H$mTy>Z ZoÊ`mMo YmoaUam~{dco Joco.

`m Agë`m YmoaUm§À`m nmR>nwamì`mgmR>r "g‘mOdmXr ì`dñWoÀ`m JaOm',"AÝZYmÝ`mMr gwa{jVVm', "XoemVrc CÚmoJY§Úm§Zm CÎmoOZ' BË`mXr AZoH$Jm|S>g {gÕm§Vm§Mr Zmdo dmnaÊ`mV Amcr. gJiçm YmoaUm§Mm {‘iyZ n[aUm‘H$m`? Va, g§nÝZ Xoem§V gaH$mao Ë`m§À`m eoVH$è`m§Zm â‘mn AZwXmZo Am{Ug§aMZm `m§Mm AmYma XoV AgVmZm ^maVmVrc eoVH$è`mcm ‘mÌ OrdKoUr CUog~{gS>r Am{U Ë`mM~amo~a añVo, nmUr, drO, dmhVyH$, g§Mma `m gd©g§aMZm§Mo Xm[aÐç `m§Mm gm‘Zm H$amdm cmJcm.

eoVr‘mcmcm amñV ^md {‘iy Z XoUo Am{U ì`mnmar AQ>r gVV eoVr{déÕR>odUo `m YmoaUm§Mm An[ahm`© n[aUm‘ AË`§V KmVH$ Pmcm. O{‘ZtMrgwnrH$Vm ImcmdV Jocr. O{‘ZrÀ`m nmoQ>mVrc nmUr H$‘r H$‘r hmoD$ cmJco.Agco Zgcoco ^m§S>dc Am{U gmYZgm‘J«r amoS>mdV Jocr. eoVrjoÌmV Zdr^m§S>dcr Jw§VdUyH$ H$aÊ`mg H$moUrM nwT>o òB©Zm; Zm gaH$ma, Zm ImOJr^m§S>dcXma. eoVH$ar gagH$Q> H$O©~mOmar ~Zcm Am{U {dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`meodQ>mn`ªV åhUOo ñdmV§Í`mMo AY©eVH$ JmR>on`ªV ‘moR>çm g§»òZo {ZamehmoD$Z AmË‘hË`m H$ê$Z gwQ>H$m H$ê$Z KoD$ cmJcm. amÌ KZKmoa H$mimoIr


g§nÝZVm gmYcr Vr `m XmoZ Am`wYm§Zr. Jar~ Xoem§Vrc AJXr eodQ>À`mJar~Jwar~m§Zmhr nmoQ>mcm AÝZ, A§Jmda dñÌ, ì`mYtda Am¡fYmonMma Am{UA{YH$ Am`w‘m©Z `m§Mm cm^ Pmcm Vmo V§ÌkmZ Am{U l‘{d^mJUr `m§À`mg§`wº$ H$am‘VrZoM. l‘{d^mJUrMo ^maVmVrc ñdê$n, åhUOo OÝ‘mdaAmYmacocr OmVrì`dñWm AH$m`©j‘ Am{U KmVH$ R>acr. Ë`m‘wio Vr ZîQ>hmoÊ`mÀ`m ‘mJm©da Amho. l‘{d^mJUrÀ`m VÎdmMm Am§VaamîQ´>r` joÌmVrcdmna H$m`©j‘VoÀ`m VwcZoÀ`m VÎdmZo hmoVmo. EH$ Xoe Xwgè`m Xoemnojm gd©MCËnmXZm§V A{YH$ daMT> Agoc Am{U Varhr gd© CËnmXZ Ë`mM XoemZoH$am`Mo Am{U Xwgè`m XoemZo H$mhrM H$am`Mo Zmhr `mnojm AH$m`©j‘ XoemZoË`mMr H${ZîR>Vm Á`m CËnmXZmV H$‘r Agoc Vo Vo H$amdo Agm hm {gÕm§V.`m VÎdmÀ`m A§‘c~OmdUr‘wio XmoÝhr Xoem§Vrc CËnmXH$Vm dmT>Vo, amoOJmadmT>Vmo, g§nÝZVm dmT>Vo Agm hm "gd©{hVofw ì`mnmam'Mm H$m`©H«$‘ Amho.

Aer ì`dñWm am~{dÊ`mgmR>r ‘mJ©hr gmYm Am{U gwc^ Amho • gaH$marhñVjonmcm cJm‘ KmcUo.

3.OmJ{VH$ ì`mnma g§ñWoÀ`m eoVrg§~§Yr H$amamÀ`m ‘hÎdmÀ`m AQ>tn¡H$s

n{hcr åhUOo Am`mVrg§~§Yr cm`gÝg-na{‘Q> ì`dñWm aÔ H$aUo. qhXwñWmZmVg‘mOdmXr H$mcI§S>mV naH$s` McZ dmM{dÊ`mÀ`m ZmdmZo gJiçmMAm`mVtda ~§Xr hmoVr. Am`mV H$m` ìhm`Mr Vr gaH$mar Am`mV-cm`gÝgqH$dm na{‘Q> `m§À`m AmYmamda. Vr {‘im`Mr Vr gaH$maXa~mar g§~§YAgcoë`m§ZmM. nwîH$iXm Á`m§À`m ZmdmZo cm`gÝg {ZKm`Mr Vo Ë`m§MmCn`moJ àË`j Am`mV H$aÊ`mH$[aVm H$arVM ZgV. H$miçm ~mOmamVcm`gÝgÀ`m H$mJXmMr IaoXr-{dH«$s ìhm`Mr. Ë`m ì`dhmamV ‘yicm`gÝgYmaH$ JS>J§O n¡gm H$‘dyZ Om`Mo. àË`jmV dmQ>Ê`mV Amcococm`gÝg Am{U Am`mV Pmcoë`m ‘mcmMm Vnerc `m§Mm Vmi‘oi H$Yr~gm`Mm Zmhr. Ë`m‘wio, ^mdm‘Üò Q>moH$mMo MT>CVma hmoV. eoVr‘mcmÀ`m~m~VrV "B§nmoQ>©oS>' ‘mcmMo H$m¡VwH$ ’$mago ‘mOco Zmhr. BVa joÌmV ‘mÌ gmarqhXwñWmZr àOm "’$m°aoZ' Am{U "B§nmoQ>©oS>' ‘mcmgmR>r nmJc ~Zcr hmoVr.

OmJ{VH$ ì`mnma g§ñWoZo Agcr cm`gÝg-na{‘Q> Am`mVì`dñWmg§n{dÊ`mMr VaVyX Ho$cr Amho. XoemVrc CËnmXH$m§Zm g§ajU XoÊ`mgmR>rË`mÀ`m VmoS>rMr åhUOo VmoM n[aUm‘ gmYUmar Am`mV ewëHo$ ~g{dÊ`mMr

gaH$mar hñVjon H$‘r H$aÊ`mMm AmamIS>m Amho. gaH$mar hñVjon g§nwîQ>mV`mdm hr maVr` eoVH$è`m§Mr {H$ËòH$ dfmªMr OwZr ‘mJUr Amho. Am§XmocZmÀ`mX~mdmZo Zmhr Var OmJ{VH$ n[adV©ZmZo H$m hmoB©Zm, XoemVrc gaH$maemhrcmAmim ~goc, eoVrgmYZo Am{U eoVr‘mc `m§À`m OmJ{VH$ ~mOmanoR>oV‘wº$nUo àdoe Aer Amem eoVH$è`m§V Kmcdcr Am{U Ë`m~amo~aM, lr‘§VXoem§Vrc àJV eoVrnwT>o Amncm {Q>H$md H$gm cmJoc `m~Ôc Ë`m§À`m ‘ZmVqMVmhr {Z‘m©U Pmcr Amho.

{ZameoÀ`m Imoc JV}V AgVmZm EH${dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m CX`mg AmUIrEH$ Zdr Amem A§Hw$ê$ cmJcr Amho. ‘mZdOmVrÀ`m CJ‘mnmgyZ Vo AmOn`ªVgmar eoVr Mmccr Vr {ZgJ©XÎm {~`mÊ`m§À`m AmYmamZo. ‘mZdmZo Amnë`m~w{Õd¡^dmZo AmVm ho Hw$§nU Amocm§S>co Amho Am{U Amdí`H$ Ë`m JwUm§Mo{~`mUo AënmdYrV V`ma H$aÊ`mMo gm‘Ï`© g§nmXZ Ho$co Amho Am{U O¡{dH$emñÌmVrc `m H«$m§VrZo CËnmXZ dmT>oc, CËnmXH$Vm dmT>oc, CÚmoJY§Úm§À`mjoÌmVrc AZoH$ Cn`wº$Vm eoVrVM V`ma hmoD$ cmJVrc. Ë`m‘wio, eoVrAm{U {~JaeoVr VgoM, ehao Am{U IoS>r `m§À`m‘Yrc g§Kfm©Mm VrZ hOmadfmªMm H$mcI§S> g§noc Aer Amemhr eoVH$è`m§V nmcdcr. doJdoJiçmXoem§V `m ZdrZ V§ÌkmZmMm dmna H$ê$Z Or àM§S> àJVr Pmcr Ë`mdê$Z `mV§ÌkmZmMo ^{dî`mVrc ‘hÎd ñnîQ> hmoVo.

^maVr` eoVH$è`m§Zm ‘mÌ `m V§ÌkmZmH$So> S>moio cmdyZ ~gÊ`mncrH$So>H$mhr H$aUo eŠ` Zmhr. H$maU, gaH$mar PmarVrc ewH«$mMm`© ho V§ÌkmZeoVH$è`m§n`ªV nmohmoMy Z XoÊ`mMm {ZûM` H$ê$Z ~gco AmhoV.

2.{X„rVrc hm ‘oimdm âVmZm, AI§S> emofUm‘wio hrZXrZ Pmcocr eoVr

Am{U eoVH$ar, Ë`m~amo~aM Iwcm ì`mnma Am{U Zdo V§ÌkmZ `m§Mr nhmQ>Agm ‘moR>m Eo{Vhm{gH$ g§H«$‘UmMm H$mi Amho.

a mZmdZmV AÝZmÀ`m em oYmV ^Q >H § $Vr H$aUmè`m ‘mZdmÀ`mAÝZM`Z`wJmnmgyZ AmOÀ`m àJV ‘mZdr g§ñH¥$Vrn`ªV AmJoHy$M Pmcr VrV§ÌkmZ Am{U l‘{d^mJUr `m§‘wio. ZdZì`m V§ÌkmZmZo H$‘rV H$‘r l‘Am{U D$Om© `m§À`m à`moJmZo A{YH$m{YH$ ’$c{ZînÎmr hmoVo Am{U {ZgJm©À`mg§nÝZ m§S>mamVrc {d{dY nXmWmªÀ`m Cn`moJmV gm‘Ï`© dmT>Vo; l‘{d^mJUrÀ`mVÎdmÀ`m dmnamZo CËnmXH$VoMm JwUmH$ma hmoVmo. àJV amîQ´>m§Zr Or Am{W©H$


amhrc. maVmVyZ {Z`m©V hmoUmè`m H$moUË`mhr ‘mcmda à{VH$mamË‘H$ ewëH$dmT>BVa Xoe H$ê$ cmJco Va Ë`mVyZ AIoarg maVmMoM ZwH$gmZ OmñV Pmë`mIoarOamhUma Zmhr.

{edm`, àûZ XoemÀ`m {hVmMm Amho. Ho$di CËnmXH$m§À`m Am{UeoVH$è`m§À`m {hVmMm Zmhr. BVa Xoem§VyZ Mm§Jcm ‘mc Xyada dmhVyH$ H$ê$ZAmUyZ òWo ñdñV {dH$Ê`mg H$moUr V`ma Agoc Va Ë`mda ~§YZo KmcyZJ«hH$mda Owcy‘ H$aUo AÝ`mæ` hmoB©c. Aem VèhoMr g§ajU ì`dñWm H$mhrH$mi R>odÊ`mMr Anojm dmOdr Agoc; nU, Ë`m H$mim‘Üò eoVrMr CËnmXH$VmdmT>dyZ H$maImZXmar Am{U g§aMZm `m§Mr H$m`©j‘Vm dmT>dyZ OJmÀ`m Q>¸$argV`ma hmoÊ`mMm H$mhr {ZYm©a nm{hOo. CUo g~{gS>rZo H§$~aSo> ‘moS>cocr maVmMreoVr MmanmM dfmªÀ`m ~XcmÀ`m H$mimV g§ajU {‘imë`mg Am{U ^maVrèoVr OmJ{VH$ XOm©Mr H$aÊ`mg gaH$maZo àmoËgmhZ Zmhr {Xco Var, AS>WimZ AmUë`mg ^maVr` eoVH$ar naH$s` ñnY}g gm‘Ï`m©Zo Q>¸$a XoD$ eHo$cAgm Amåhmg AmË‘{dûdmg Amho.

4.OmJ{VH$ ì`mnma g§ñWoÀ`m eoVr{df`H$ H$amamMr Xwgar EH$ AQ> Aer

Amho H$s, H$moUË`mhr XoemÀ`m emgZmZo eoVH$è`m§Zm AZwXmZ åhUyZ eoVrÀ`mEHy$U CËnmXZmÀ`m 5 Q>ŠŠ`m§nojm (A{dH${gV Xoem§À`m ~m~VrV 10 Q>ŠŠ`m§nojm)A{YH$ IM© H$ê$ Zò. A‘o[aH$m, `wamon, X{jU H$mo[a`m, OnmZ BË`mXr amîQ´>oË`m§À`m XoemVrc eoVH$è`m§Zm VèhoVèhoZo ‘XV nmohmoM{dVmV. lr‘§V Xoem§VeoVrda H$moUrVar amhUo Amdí`H$ hmoD$Z ~gVo. {edm`, gmam Xoe H$maImÝ`m§MoAm{U {g‘|Q>Mo O§Jc ~Zcm Va n`m©daUmMm {dZme hmoVmo. `m X¥îQ>rZohr eoVr’$iV’w$cV R>odUo Aem Xoem§Zm Amdí`H$ dmQ>Vo. CËnmXZ H$mhrhr Agmo,H$mhr dÅ> a¸$‘ XoÊ`mÀ`m ì`dñWm AmhoV. EImXo nrH$ KoVë`m~Ôc AZwXmZ{Xco OmVo, EImXo nrH$ Z KoVë`m~Ôc AZwXmZ {Xco OmVo. O‘rZ nSr>H$R>odë`m~Ôchr a¸$‘ nmohmoM{dcr OmVo. `mIoarO eoVr g§emoYZ, ‘mJmgàXoem§Zm {dH$mg{ZYr, J«‘rU ^mJmVrc dmhVyH$ g§Mma, g§aMZm `mgmR>rhremgZ gT>i hmVmZo IM© H$aVo. ^maVmVrc n[apñWVr `mÀ`m Zo‘H$s CcQ>rAmho. lr‘§V Xoem§V EHy$U cmoH$g§»òn¡H$s eoVH$è`m§Mr g§»`m EH$XmoZ Q>¸o$,Va qhXwñWmZmV Vr gÎma Q>ŠŠ`m§À`m da. 98% OZVm 2% eoVH$è`m§Zm CX§S>AZwXmZo XoD$ eH$Vo. 30% OZVm 70% eoVH$è`m§Zm ’$maer ‘XV H$ê$

g§‘Vr XoÊ`mV Amcr Amho. Ë`mgmR>r Am`mV ewëH$mMr H$‘mc Ano{jV‘`m©Xm H$m` Agoc ho doJdoJiçm Xoem§Zr AmnIwerZo {chyZ {Xcoco Amho.~hwVoH$ Xoem§Zr `m VaVwXrMm ’$m`Xm KoD$Z e§â Q>¸o$, XmoZeo Q>¸o$ Aerdmao‘mn Am`mV ewëH$mMr VaVyX Ho$cocr Amho.

Am`mVrdarc ~§YZo qhXwñWmZcm cmJy hmoUmaM ZìhVr. H$maU, OmJ{VH$ì`mnmamV gmVË`mZo ImoQ> AgUmè`m Xoem§Zm Am`mVrda {Z`§ÌU R>odÊ`mMr‘w^m Amho. 1994 Z§Va ^maVmMr ì`mnma n[apñWVr PnmQ>çmZo gwYmacr.naH$s` McZmMr J §JmOir ’ w $JV Mmccr. Ë`m‘ wi o, qhX wñWmZAm`mV~§Xrg§~§YrÀ`m gdcVrg AnmÌ R>acm. Joë`m dfu Am`mVrda ~§XrAgcoë`m 1428 dñVy§n¡H$s 714 dñVy§darc ~§YZo CR>{dÊ`mV Amcr. Joë`mMAmR>dS>çmV AmUIr 659 dñVy§darc {Z~ªY AgoM Xya H$aÊ`mV AmcoAmhoV.

ho {Z~ªY Xya Pmë`mZo Xoemda ‘moR>o g§H$Q> H$mogiUma Amho. Agm H$m§Jmì`mMmàMma cm`gÝg-na{‘Q> ì`dñWoMo OwZo cm^YmaH$ H$arV AmhoV. Joë`mdfm©Vrc {Z~ªY CR>{dÊ`mMm àË`j AZw^d gm§JVmo H$s, 714 n¡H$s XhmMdñVy§~m~V Am`mVrV nmM-Xhm H$moQ>r én`m§Mr dmT> Pmcr Amho. AÝ`Wm,{Z~ªY CR>{dÊ`mMm H$moUVmhr Xwîn[aUm‘ {XgyZ Amcocm Zmhr.

H$mhr eoVr‘mcm§À`m ~m~VrV `mM H$mimV Am`mVrV cjUr` dmT> PmcrAmho ho Iao. CXmhaUmW©, nm‘mo{cZ Voc. `m dmT>rMm g§~§Y Am`mV{Z~ªYCR>{dÊ`mer cmdUo {ZaW©H$ Amho. 1993-94 gmcmnmgyZ XoemVrc Voc{~`mMoCËnmXZ KQ>V Joco. `mCcQ>, {‘iH$Vr dmT>V Joë`m Vgo ImÚVocmMr ‘mJUrdmT>V Jocr. hr ‘mJUr nwa{dÊ`mgmR>r Am`mV hmoUo An[ahm`© hmoVo. `mMdoir‘co{e`m, B§S>moZo{e`m, nmnwAm-Ý`w{JZr `m§gma»`m Xoem§V Voc{~`m§EodOrPmS>mÀ`m ImoS>mnmgyZ ImÚVoc V`ma H$aÊ`mMo V§ÌkmZ Cô am{hco. AemVèhoZo CËnmXZ Pmcoë`m VocmMm CËnmXZIM© nma§n[aH$ Vocmnojm IynM H$‘rAgVmo. gmh{OH$M, nm‘VocmMr qhXwñWmZmV ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda Am`mV hmoVAmho. Ë`m‘wio, Voc{~`m§Mm eoVH$ar Am{U VocmMo {JaUrdmco g§H$Q>mV òVAmhoV hr JmoîQ> Iar Amho; nU Aem AndmXmË‘H$ àH$aUr H$m hmoB©Zm,Am`mV ewëH$ H$‘mc ‘`m©Xon`ªV dmT>dyZ g§ajU XoÊ`mMm H$mhr ‘mÝ`danjm§Mm àñVmd AmË‘KmVH$s Amho. n{hë`m§Xm åhUOo, qhXwñWmZZo Am`mVewëH$ dmT>dco åhUOo ~mH$sMo Xoe MwnMmn EoHy$Z KoVrc hr Anojm MwH$sMr


eoVr‘mcm§À`m {H$_Vr qhXwñWmZÀ`m ~mOmanoR>onojm A{YH$ hmoË`m. Ë`m‘wio,{Z`m©VrMr ‘moR>r eŠ`Vm àË`jmV hmoVr. {ZXmZ {edmamÀ`m hÔrdaVar ^maVrèoVr‘mc BVa Xoem§er ñnYm© H$ê$ eH$V hmoVm. ~§Xamda nmohmoMon`ªV, JMmig§aMZmì`dñWo‘wio `mVrc ~hwVoH$ ’$m`Xo g§nyZ OmV AgV. Varhr, Z¡g{J©H$eoVrCËnmXZo, Am¡fYr d gwJ§Yr dZñnVr, g§H$[aV dmUm§Mo àJwUZ Aem H$mhrjoÌm§V OmJ{VH$ ~mOmanoR> H$m~rO H$aÊ`mg ^maVmcm ‘moR>m dmd hmoVm.

Joë`m XmoZVrZ dfmªV n[apñWVr PnmQ>çmZo ~XcV Amho. OJâÀ`m AZoH$Xoem§V AmYw{ZH$ V§ÌkmZmÀ`m ghmæ`mZo eoVrMr CËnmXH$Vm dmT>V Amho.n[aUm‘V:, OJâ eoVr‘mcmÀ`m ^mdmV ‘§XrMo gmdQ> ngaco Amho. Ë`m‘wio,AZoH$ eoVr‘mcm§À`m {H$_Vr OmJ{VH$ ~mOmanoR>oÀ`m VwcZoZo qhXwñWmZmVMdaMT> Agë`mZo {Z`m©VrV nS>Vi nS>Ê`mMr eŠ`Vm am{hcocr Zmhr.

6.eoVr‘mcmÀ`m IaoXr-{dH«$sgmR>r gmè`m OJmMr EH$M EH$ ~mOmanoR>

~ZUo, Xoe-Xoem§Zm EH$‘oH$m§nmgyZ Xya R>odUmè`m q^Vr H$mogiyZ nS>Uo hr‘moR>r Eo{Vhm{gH$ Amdí`H$Vm Amho.

AcrH$So> pI«ñV gZmMr 2000 df} nyU© Pmcr. mnwT>o H$Xm{MV, H$mcJUZm~{c©ZMr q^V H$mogicr Ë`m {XdgmnmgyZ Ho$cr OmB©c. ‘ZwîÒmVrMmB{Vhmg hm Hw$§nUo VmoS>Ê`mMm Am{U q^Vr C„§KyZ OmÊ`mMm Amho. ‘mUgmMrnañnam§er g§nH©$ H$aÊ`mMr gmYZo ‘`m©{XV hmoVr Vmon`ªV Ë`mMo gmao {dûdM‘`m©{XV hmoVo. Vm|S>mZo ~mocm`Mo, H$mZm§Zr EoH$m`Mo EdT>rM g§Mmaì`dñWmhmoVr Vmon`ªV XodKodrMo g§~§Y JmdmnwaVoM ‘`m©{XV am{hco. àdmgmcm ~¡cJmS>r{‘imcr, KmoS>m Vmã`mV Amcm VgVgo ‘mUyg JmdHw$gm~mhoa nS>cm. VarhrAmnmnco amÁ`, àXoe, ^mfm `m§À`m q^Vr H$m`‘ am{hë`m. àËòH$mcmAmnë`m Hw$§nUm{df`r àIa A{^‘mZhr dmQy> cmJcm.

Mmaeo dfmªnydu Y‘©, ^mfm Am{U AW©H$maU `m§À`m AmYmamZo amîQ´> `mg§H$ënZoMm CJ‘ Pmcm Am{U Amnë`m amîQ´>mÀ`m hÔrVco Vo Amnco, Vo gwîQ>Am{U hÔr~mhoaMo gmao XwîQ> Agm EH$ H$S>dm amîQ´>m{^‘mZ ‘hmZ gX²JwU‘mZcm OmD$ cmJcm.

amîQ´>m{^‘mZmÀ`m A{VaoH$mVyZ gm‘«mÁ`dmX ’$mo’$mdcm. ‘hm`wÕo ^S>H$cr,AVmoZmV Or{dV d {dÎmhmZr Pmcr Var amîQ´>r` Ah§H$ma hr ‘moR>r àIa ^mdZmåhUyZ {e„H$ am{hcr.

eH$V Zmhr, Vgo H$aÊ`mMr amOH$s` BÀN>meº$shr qhXwñWmZmV Zmhr. Ë`m‘wio,^maVr` eoVH$ar CUo g~{gS>rÀ`m dad§Q>çmImcr gmVË`mZo âS>cm OmVAmho.

`mcm Cnm` åhUyZ qhXwñWmZ gaH$maZohr eoVH$è`m§Zm AZwXmZo XoÊ`mÀ`mZdZdrZ VaVwXr OmJ{VH$ ì`mnma g§ñWoÀ`m H$amamV A§V^y©V H$ê$Z ¿`mì`mVAgo H$mhrOU gwM{dVmV. eoVH$è`m§Zm Aem VèhoZo ‘XV H$aÊ`mgmR>r OmJ{VH$ì`mnma g§ñWoÀ`m H$amamVrc H$moUVrM dV©‘mZ VaVyX AmO AmS> òV Zmhr.Voìhm ZdrZ VaVwXr H$aUo {ZaW©H$ Amho. `mCcQ>, OmJ{VH$ ì`mnma g§ñWoÀ`mH$amamVrc eVvà‘mUo lr‘§V Xoem§Zm AZwXmZmÀ`m doJdoJiçm noQ>çm EH$ÌH$am`cm cmdyZ AZwXmZo H$‘r H$aÊ`mMm aoQ>m cmdUo hoM ^maVr` eoVrÀ`m{hVmMo R>aoc.

5.^maVr` eoVr‘mcmÀ`m {Z`m©Vrcm ì`dhmamV {H$Vr dmd Amho? eoVr‘mcmMr

{Z`m©V dmT>{dÊ`mV XmoZ àH$maÀ`m AS>MUr òUma AmhoV • Xoem~mhoaÀ`mAm{U XoemVrc.

naXoemV ^maVr` eoVr‘mcmg (~mg‘Vr Vm§Xyi, Xm{O©qcJ Mhm AgoH$mhr AndmX gmoSy>Z) ’$maer ‘mJUr Zmhr. n{hco H$maU åhUOo, ^maVr`‘mcmMr JwUdÎmm H$‘r nS>Vo. òWo ‘mcmMr àVdmar H$aÊ`mMr nÕV ZmhrAm{U Ë`mIoarO, Amamo½` g§ajUmH$[aVm Oo {Z`‘ OJâ gd©‘mÝ` PmcoAmhoV Vo òWrc ì`dñWocm ’$mago ‘mhrVgwÕm ZmhrV. `m{edm`, cm`gÝg-na{‘Q> ì`dñWo‘wio ^maVr` {Z`m©VXma ~oâdemMo åhUyZ ~XZm‘ Pmco AmhoV,Ë`m§À`mda H$moUr {dûdmg R>odÊ`mg V`ma hmoV Zmhr.

{Z`m©V ~mOmanoR> H$m~rO H$aÊ`mV ^maVr` ì`dñWoVrc H$mhr Xmof ‘moR>oAS>MUrMo R>aVmV. doJdoJiçm O‘rZ{df`H$ H$m`Úm§‘wio eoVO{‘ZrMo ~marH$~marH$ VwH$So> Pmco AmhoV. Ë`m§Mr VwH$So>~§Xr H$ê$Z OJmÀ`m ~mOmanoR>oVnwaoc BVŠ`m ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda XO}Xma ‘mcmMo CËnmXZ H$aÊ`mMr ì`dñWmZmhr. Ë`mIoarO, eoVr‘mcmMo CËnmXZ Anojoà‘mUo Pmco Var gmR>dUyH$,dmhVyH$, à{H«$`m, àVdmar Am{U VnmgUr `m ì`dñWm Zgë`mVM O‘mAmhoV. H¥${f CËnÝZ ~mOma g{‘Ë`m§À`m H$ma^mam‘wio eoVH$è`m§Zm OmJ{VH$~mOmanoR> ~wOyZ OmÊ`mBVH$s AZmoiIr dmQ>Vo.

1996-97 gmcmn`ªV OmJ{VH$ ~mOmanoR>oVrc ~hwVoH$ ‘hÎdmÀ`m


"YmdË`mcm eº$s òB© Am{U añVm gmnSo>' `m Cº$s¨Mm AZw^d òUma Amho.7.nmÊ`mV CVacocm nmohm`cm {eH$Vmo ho Iao; nU e§âmV EImXXwgam

H$mhr AnKmVmZo XwX£drhr R>ê$ eH$Vmo. AJXr Ag§^d dmQ>Umè`m AnKmVm§ZmhrVm|S> XoÊ`mMr g‚mS> V`mar H$ê$ZM nmÊ`mV CVaUo gwknUmMo; nmUr ‘hmnwamà‘mUoKm|KmdV Amco Am{U H$mhr {dMmanyg Z H$aVm CMcyZM KoD$Z Joco VaV`mar H$aÊ`mMm àûZM amhV Zmhr. Eadr, eŠ` {VVH$s V`mar H$aUo hoehmUnUmMo. nmÊ`mV CVaUmam AmOmamVyZ CR>cocm Agcm, Aeº$ àH¥$VrMmAgcm Va ‘J gmdYmZVoMr gd© H$miOr KoUo {deof AJË`mMo.

^maVr` eoVH$è`mMr n[apñWVr XrK©H$miÀ`m AmOmamVyZ CR>Vm CR>Vm‘hmnwamcm gm‘moao OmUmè`m ‘mUgmgmaIr Amho. Jmoam B§J«O Am{U Ë`mZ§VaH$mim B§J«O `m§Zr Ho$coë`m emofUmZ§Va O‘rZ ZmnrH$ Pmcocr, {VMo VwH$So>VwH$So> Pmcoco, CËnmXZ KQ>coco, CËnmXH$Vm Va Ë`mhyZhr Kgacocr, eoVrVrc^m§S>dc Kgmê$Z Jococo, ZdrZ Jw§VdUyH$ ’$maer Zmhr, eoVrV {nH$coë`m‘mcmÀ`m gmR>dUwH$sMr ì`dñWm Zmhr, dmhVwH$sMr Zmhr, {dH«$sMr Zmhr,JmdmV añVm, nmUr, drO XyaM am{hco, {nÊ`mÀ`m nmÊ`mMrhr ì`dñWm ZmhrAgm eoVH$ar OmJ¥V hmoD$Z S>moio CKSy>Z nmhVmo Va g‘moa OmJ{VH$sH$aUmMm‘hmnya amoamdV òV AgUmam! Am{U eoVrì`dgm`mMo `wJmZw`wJo MmcV Amcocoñdê$nM O¡{dH$ V§ÌkmZmVrc H«$m§VrZo CcQ>onmcQ>o H$ê$Z Q>mH$coco.

OmJ{VH$sH$aUmMm ‘yi nm`m hm "j‘VoZwgma l‘{d^mJUr' hm Amho.^maVr` eoVH$è`mcm ânya gy`©àH$me, CX§S> nmUr Am{U H$îQ>miy hmV `m§Mr‘moR>r XoUJr cm^cocr Amho. OJmVrc H$moUË`mhr eoVH$è`mnwT>o A§VVmoJËdmH$‘r nS>Uma Zmhr. nU, dmS>rdñVrVrc Hw$U~mD$ eoVrnmgyZ OmJ{VH$ XOm©À`meoVrn`ªV hZw‘mZCS>r KoVmZm H$mhr gmYZm§Mm Ë`mcm ‘moR>m Cn`moJ hmoUmaAmho.

1. XoemVrc gmar eoVrì`dñWm gaH$mar H$m`XoH$mZy, {Z`‘, cmc’$sVAm{U JcWmZnUm `m§Zr J«mgyZ Jocr Amho. ^maVr` eoVrVyZ gaH$maMrhH$mcnÅ>r H$ê$Z {VMo ImOJrH$aU H$aUo ho gdm©V ‘hÎdmMo n{hco gmYZ.eoVO{‘ZrMr ‘mcH$s gaH$maMr, eoVH$è`m§Zm Vr ’$º$ H$gÊ`mH$[aVm nÅ>çmZo{Xcocr. gaH$maMr ‘Ou {’$aoc Ë`mà‘mUo H$moUË`mhr gmd©O{ZH$ H$m‘mMo

Joë`m H$mhr XeH$m§VM ‘Zwî`àmÊ`mMo g§Mmagm‘Ï`© namH$moQ>rÀ`m JVrZodmT>co Amho. Aao{~`Z gwag H$Wm§Vhr AX²^wV dmQ>mdo Ago OmXyMo {Xdo dA§JR>çm gd©gm‘mÝ` ‘mUgmÀ`m hmVr Amcoë`m AmhoV. Kar ~gë`m~gë`mOJmÀ`m XyadaÀ`m H$moUË`mhr H$moÝ`mH$monè`mV Mmccoco ‘Zmoa§OZmMo H$m`©H«$‘,Ioim§À`m ñnYm©, amOH$s` KS>m‘moS>r VËjUrM H$moUrhr nmhy eH$Vmo.JUH$`§ÌmÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo OJmcm ì`mnUmar kmZJ§Jm gdmªÀ`m hmVmer AmcrAmho. H$moUrhr Omdo, hdr Vr ‘m{hVr H$mTy>Z ¿`mdr. OJmg XoÊ`mgmaIo H$mhrkmZ Amnë`mH$So> Amho Ago dmQ>co Va Vo B§Q>aZoQ>À`m kmZJ§JoV gmoSy>Z ÚmdoAgo AX²^wV àË`j S>moiçmg‘moa AdVaco Amho. AJXr {H$aH$moi IMm©ZoH$moUrhr H$moR>ohr ~gë`m ~gë`m • KamV, ‘moQ>marV, AmJJmS>rV • OJmVrcXwgè`m H$moUË`mhr ‘mUgmer Vmo H$moR>ohr Agcm Var jUmYm©V goë`wca’$moZZo g§nH©$ gmYy eH$Vmo.

ZdrZ g§Mma Am{U ‘m{hVr V§ÌkmZmZo OJmVrc eodQ>ë`m Caë`mgwaë`m^m¡Jmo{cH$ d amOH$s` q^Vr O‘rZXmoñV H$ê$Z Q>mH$ë`m AmhoV. Amnë`màH¥$VrMm g‘mZY‘u emoYÊ`mgmR>r AmVm JmdHw$gmÀ`m ‘`m©Xm ZmhrV, amîQ´>r`gahÔtÀ`mhr ZmhrV.

gmh{OH$M, AW©H$maU, CËnmXZ, ì`mnma, {ejU Am{U g§ñH¥$Vr `mgd©M joÌmV gmè`m OJmMo EH$sH$aU hmoD$ KmVco Amho.

H$moUr Xoe m pñWVrV ñdV:cm EH$ doJio ~oQ> H$ënyZ OJmnmgyZ H$mS>r‘moS>KoD$Z amhUo AeŠ` Amho. ‘m{hVr-V§ÌkmZmVrc hr H«$m§Vr nÝZmg df} AmYrAmcr AgVr Va g‘mOdmÚm§Mm cmoI§S>r nS>Xm Ho$ìhmM {dViyZ Jocm AgVm.AmVm H$moUrhr {dQ>m‘mVrMo, ~m§~yMo nS>Xo Cô H$arV Ë`m‘mJo Amnmnë`mg§ñH¥$VrMo S>~Ho$ amIyZ R>ody eH$Uma Zmhr. H$moUr Vgm à`ËZ Ho$cm Va OJâMmccoë`m V§ÌkmZmÀ`m Am{U CËnmXZmÀ`m âmarnmgyZ Vmo d§{MV amhrcAm{U nwÝhm EH$Xm gmo‘ZmWmÀ`m B{VhmgmMr nwZamd¥Îmr AZw^dmdr cmJoc. `mH$mcàdmhmV ñdV:cm PmoHy$Z XoÊ`mncrH$So> n`m©` åhUyZ am{hcocm Zmhr.nmohm`cm CVaë`mZ§Va ZmH$mVm|S>mV nmUr OmUma, Ord Km~am hmoUma, àmUH§$R>mer òUma Am{U AmVm gmao g§nco Amho Ago dmQ>V AgVmZmM {OdmÀ`mAmH$m§VmZo hmVmnm`m§Mr hmcMmc Mmcy Pmcr Amho Am{U AmnU ~wS>Ê`mEodOrVa§JV AmhmoV Am{U ho Va§JUo ‘moR>o AmZ§XXm`r Amho `mMm AZw^d òVmo.àdmhmnmgyZ ~mOycm amhUmam§~m~V "Wm§~cm Vmo g§ncm' Am{U àdmhmV CVaUmam


Omio Amdí`H$ Amho.5. gÜ`mMr YmÝ` Am{U BVa eoVr‘mc `m§À`m IaoXrMr ì`dñWm ~XcyZ

Ë`mEodOr JmoXm‘mV ‘mc R>odyZ Ë`mÀ`m AmYmamZo {H$_VrÀ`m 70 Q>ŠŠ`mn`ªVCMc eoVH$è`mcm {‘iÊ`mMr ì`dñWm ‘hÎdmMr R>aoc. Ë`mgmR>r, JmoXm‘mÀ`mnmdË`m (warehouse receipts) `m§Mr {ZJmo{eE~c BÝñQ®>‘|Q> A°ŠQ>ImcrJUZm Ho$ë`mZohr H$m‘ gwc^ hmoB©c.

6. hr gd© H$m‘o emgZì`dñWocm nocÊ`mgmaIr ZmhrV. ghH$mar g§ñWm§À`mhrVr AmdmŠ`m~mhoaMr AmhoV. `mgmR>r, H§$nZrì`dñWoVrc H$m`©j‘Vm Am{UghH$mamVrc gh^mJmMr àoaUm EH$Ì AmUyZ EH$m ZdrZ Am{W©H$ g§KQ>ZoMr~m§YUr H$amdr cmJoc. eoVH$è`m§Zr EH$Ì `mdo, O{‘ZrÀ`m à‘mUmV g‘^mJKoD$Z eoVH$è`m§Mr H§$nZr V`ma H$amdr Am{U H§$nZrZo ^m§S>dc, ì`dñWmnZAm{U V§ÌkmZ d {edmam~mhoarc gmR>dUyH$, à{H«$`m, {dH«$s, {Z`m©V BË`mXrgd©, gwJrZ§VaMr H$m‘o `m§Mr O~m~Xmar ¿`mdr. ho eŠ` Pmë`mg AJXrZOrH$À`m ^{dî`H$mimV ^maVr` eoVH$ar OmJ{VH$ ñnY}Mo AmìhmZ nocyZgeº$nUo gd© OJmnwT>o C^m R>mHy$ eHo$c.

hOmamo dfmªÀ`m Jwcm‘{Jar Am{U emofUmZ§Va OmJ{VH$ n[apñWVrV Pmcoë`m~Xcm§‘wio eoVH$è`m§À`m hmVmnm`m§Vrc ~oS>çm VwQy>Z nS>V AmhoV. `mJwcm‘{JarVM gwI Amho Am{U ñdV§ÌVm gmar ^`mZH$ H$îQ>àX Amho Agog§{YgmYy§Zr {H$Vrhr ^mg{dco Var Ë`mcm ~ir Z nS>Vm gd© à`ËZm§MrnamH$mîR>m H$ê$Z EH$ Zdr OmJ{VH$ XOm©Mr eoVrì`dñWm C^r H$ê$Z eoVH$è`m§ZmgÝ‘mZmZo OJVm `mdo `mgmR>r eWuMo à`ËZ H$aÊ`mMm {ZYm©a `m ‘oimì`mVrcAmåhr eoVH$ar OJmnwT>o {ZûM`nyd©H$ Omhra H$arV AmhmoV.

(eoVH$ar g§KQ>H$, 21 ‘mM© 2001)

{Z{‘Îm gm§JyZ gaH$ma eoVH$è`mcm XoemoYS>rcm cmdy eH$Vo. gmh{OH$M,Amnë`m O{‘ZrV ‘moR>r Jw§VdUyH$ H$aUo eoVH$è`mcm ^mdV Zmhr. eoVrH$aVmcmJUmè`m IVm‘wVm§nmgyZ `§Ìgm‘J«rn`ªV gd© JmoîQ>tda {Z`§ÌU emgZmMo.{nH$coë`m eoVr‘mcmÀ`m dmgcmVrMr gmar ì`dñWm gaH$mar Vmã`mV.

2. gd© OJ EH$ ìhm`cm Amco Amho; nU ^maVmV ‘mÌ AOyZ EH$g§Y~mOma V`ma Pmcocm Zmhr. {Oëhm~§Xr, amÁ`~§Xr, PmoZ~§Xr, coìhr `mgma»`mgaH$mar ~§YZm§‘wio XoemV AZoH$ Hw$§nUo KmVcocr AmhoV. `wamon I§S>mVrcdoJdoJio Xoe -^mfm doJiçm, n§W doJio, g§ñH¥$Vr doJiçm, EH$‘oH$mVJoë`m eVH$mVM XmoZ ‘hm`wÕo PS>cocr - ho gmao ~mOycm R>odyZ `wamon I§S>âEH$g§Y ~mOmanoR> C^r H$arV AmhoV. ^maVmVhr OrdZmdí`H$ dñVy§Mm H$m`XmAm{U Ë`mVyZ {ZKUmar gmar ~§YZo g§ndyZ X{jU Vo CÎma Am{U nyd© Vo npûM‘Aer EH$ ~mOmanoR> V`ma H$aUo OmJ{VH$sH$aUmÀ`m C§~aR>çmda Amdí`H$Pmco Amho. EH$g§Y ^maVr` ~mOmanoR> C^r am{hcr åhUOo eoVr‘mcmMr‘mJUr dmT>oc. Ë`mIoarO, àXoemàXoemV {nH$m§Mr {d^mJUr hdmnmUr Am{UBVa AZwHy$cVm m§À`m AmYmamZo ~Zoc. n[aUm‘V: CËnmXH$Vm dmTy>Z CËnmXZIM©H$‘r hmoB©c.

3. eoVr‘mcmMr {dH«$s ~hwYm H¥${f CËnÝZ ~mOma g{‘Ë`m§À`m ‘mÜ`‘mVyZhmoVo. EHo$ H$mir g{‘Ë`m§À`m m ~mOmanoR>o‘wio eoVr‘mcmÀ`m {dH«$sì`dñWo‘ÜòH$mhr gwYmaUm Pmcr ho Iao. AmO ‘mÌ ~hwVoH$ g{‘Ë`m§‘Üò {dH«$sgmR>rcmJUmar {H$‘mZ ì`dñWmXoIrc AgV Zmhr. CXmhaUmW©, {Zdmè`mMr OmJm,JmoXm‘o, à{H«$`m, àVdmar, dJuH$aU, VnmgUr, n°Ho$qOJ BË`mXrMr ì`dñWm,eoVr‘mcmÀ`m doJdoJiçm ~mOmanoR>m§Vrc pñWVrg§~§Yr ‘m{hVr BË`mXr.~mOmanoR>m§da AS>Vo Am{U Xcmc `m§Mo dM©ñd AgVo. `m ì`dñWoEodOrAZoH$ {dH${gV amîQ´>m§V àM{cV Agcocr "gwna ‘mHo$©Q>'À`m OmiçmgmaIrì`dñWm C^r H$ê$Z Amdí`H$ Ë`m gw{dYm CncãY Pmë`m Va OmJ{VH$~mOmanoR>oV nmD$c Q>mH$Uo eoVH$è`m§Zm AdKS> dmQ>Uma Zmhr.

4. OJâÀ`m doJdoJiçm ~mOmanoR>m§Vrc eoVr‘mcm§Mr AmdH$-OmdH$Am{U {H$_Vr `mg§~§Yr ‘m{hVr VgoM hdm‘mZm{df`rMo A§XmO, Ë`m{edm`,eoVr{df`H$ g„m JmdmJmdmVrc eoVH$è`m§Zm VmVS>rZo Am{U ghO CncãYhmoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. hr gd© ‘m{hVr XoUmè`m do~gmB©Q> Am{U nmoQ>©ëg²CncãY AmhoV. eoVH$è`m§Zm hr ‘m{hVr {‘i{dVm mdr mgmR>r ‘m{hVrì`dñWoMo


^maVmcm {deof AmnwcH$s. d§eÛofmMm {Y¸$ma gJiçmV VmdmVmdmZo H$aUmaodºo$ maVr`. m {df`mda ‘hmË‘m Jm§YtÀ`m H$V¥©Ëdm‘wio ~mocÊ`mMm Amnë`mcmH$mhr {deof A{YH$ma Amho Ago g§`wº$ amîQ´> g§KmVrc ^maVr` amOXyV‘moR>çm {X‘mImZo Am{U g‘OwVrZo XmIdV.

Xa~mZÀ`m n[afXoV hr n[apñWVr g§nyU© ~XcÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho. maVmVrcX{cV Am{U Am{Xdmgr g‘mOm§Zm Or dmJUyH$ {Xcr OmVo Ë`mg§~§Yr Ë`mg‘mOmMo H$mhr åhmoaHo$ Xa~mZ òWrc g§`wº$ amîQ´> g§KmÀ`m n[afXoV AmncrH¡${’$`V ‘m§S>Uma AmhoV. Ë`mH$[aVm Ë`m§Zr H$mhr g‚mS> XñVmdoO V`ma H$ê$ZXoemoXoer nmR>dyZ {Xco AmhoV.

d§e{dÛofmÀ`m YmoaUm{df`r ^maV n{hë`m§Xm Amamonr åhUyZ C^m amhUmaAmho. `m KQ>ZoZo EH$M ‘mohmoi CR>dyZ {Xco Amho.

X{cV Am{U Am{Xdmgr OmVtda A‘mZwf AÝ`m` Pmco ho H$moUr ZmH$maVZmhr. ‘mUgm‘mUgmV ñn¥í`mñn¥í`VoMm ôX H$aÊ`mBVH$m ôX gmè`m OJmÀ`mnmR>rda ^maV gmoSy>Z BVa H$moR>o Zmhr. gm‘m{OH$ AÝ`m`mVyZ Am{W©H$ Am{Ue¡j{UH$ ‘mJmgconU V`ma Pmco Am{U OmVrì`dñWm A{YH$m{YH$ ImocdaéOV Mmccr. OmVrì`dñWoMm {dH«$minUm Q>miÊ`mgmR>r H$mhrOU ehamVJoco, H$mhr naXoemV Joco, H$mhtZr Y‘mªVa Ho$co, nU Aem ñWcm§VamZo qH$dmY‘mªVamZo OmVrì`dñWoMm H$MmQ>m H$mhr g§ncm Zmhr.

ñdmV§Í`mÀ`m MidirÀ`m H$mimVhr X{cVm§À`m ‘ZmVrc gdUmª{df`rMr^rVr ñdmV§Í`àmßVrÀ`m ‘mJm©V ‘moR>r AS>MU åhUyZ C^r am{hcr. XoemcmñdmV§Í` XoD$Z B§J«O {ZKyZ Joco Va, Á`m§À`m hmVr gÎmm OmB©c Vo amÁ`H$V}‘wgc‘mZ, X{cV Am{U BVa Aëng§»`mH$ `m§Zm Ý`mæ` dmJUyH$ XoVrc qH$dmZmhr `m~Ôc X{cV ZoË`m§À`m ‘ZmV VgoM B§J«O amÁ`H$Ë`mªÀ`mhr ‘ZmV O~ae§H$m hmoVr. ‘wgc‘mZ ZoË`m§Zr n{hë`m§Xm {d^º$ ‘VXmag§K Am{U Z§VadoJim nm{H$ñVmZ {‘idyZ H$mhr ‘mJ© H$mT>Ê`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm. X{cVm§Zm{d^º$ ‘VXmag§Khr {‘imco ZmhrV Am{U ñdV§Ì ^maVmV Ho$di amIrdOmJm§da Ë`m§Zm g‘mYmZ ‘mZmdo cmJco.

OmVrôXmÀ`m nÕVr{déÕ AZoH$ H$S>H$ gm‘m{OH$ H$m`Xo Pmco; X{cVdJmªZm H$mhr gmo`r gdcVrhr XoÊ`mV Amë`m; nU Om{VôXmMr ImB© AOyZH$mhr {‘Q>cocr Zmhr.

AmOhr {~hmagma»`m amÁ`m§V O‘mVrO‘mVtMo EH$‘oH$m§da h„o hmoVmV

n§Mdrg

eoVH$ar OmVr'Mm {dÛof H$Yr g§nUma

X{jU Am{’«$Ho$V Xa~mZ oWo g§`wº$ amîQ´> g§KmMr "d§eôX Am{U d§e{dÛof'`m {df`mda EH$ OmJ{VH$ n[afX âcr Amho.

d§e{dÛofmMm A{YH¥$V OZH$ {hQ>ca. Ë`mAmYrhr IwÔ A‘o[aHo$V{ZJ«mod§er`m§Zm Jwcm‘ åhUyZ AmUco Joco. A‘o[aHo$Vrc `mXdr `wÕmZ§VaA~«mh‘ qcH$ZÀ`m Wmoa ZoV¥Ëdm‘wio Jwcm‘{Jar g§nwîQ>mV Amcr; nU {ZJ«mocmoH$m§{df`r oXmôXmMr dmJUyH$ AOyZhr Amho. VgoM gmè`m Jmoè`m cmoH$m§À`mXoemV H$miçm qH$dm {Z‘H$miçm dUm©À`m cmoH$m§~Ôc {H$‘mZ XwOm^mdAmho. {deof àg§JmZo hm XwOm^md C’$miVmo, H$mhrdoim Ë`mVyZ X§JcrhrhmoVmV, aº$nmV, Ominmoihr hmoVo. Jmoè`m Jmoè`m§À`m g‘mOmVhr AZoH${R>H$mUr d§e{dÛof AmT>iyZ oVmo. {hQ>caZo C^m Ho$cocm Á`y-ÛofmMm ~«÷amjgho Ë`mMo gdm©V ‘moR>o CXmhaU. AmOhr ’«$mÝg, O‘©Zr `m Xoem§V J«rg, BQ>crAm{U ñnoZ `m Xoem§VyZ amoOJmamH$[aVm Amcoë`m ‘Owam§~Ôc EH$ d§eôXmMr^mdZm gam©g AmT>iVo.

`mnydu, g§`wº$ amîQ´> g§KmÀ`m AZoH$ n[afXm§‘Üò d§e{dÛofmMm {df`M{M©cm Jocm, AZoH$ R>amdhr Pmco. `m MMmªMm g§X^© ‘w»`V: X{jUAm{’«$Ho$Vrc ^maVr` Am{U H$miçm cmoH$m§Zm {Xë`m OmUmè`m njnmVmÀ`mdmJUwH$sÀ`m g§~§YmV hmoVm. lr‘Vr {dO`mcú‘r n§{S>V g§`wº$ amîQ´> g§KmÀ`mgd©gmYmaU n[afXoÀ`m AÜ`jm AgVmZm hm {df` Iyn JmOcm. X{jUAm{’«$Ho$Vrc d§eÛofr amOdQ> g§nwîQ>mV Amcr `mMo ‘moR>o lo` g§`wº$ amîQ´>g§Kmg XoUo ^mJ Amho.

X. Am{’«$Ho$Vrc d§e{dÛofmÀ`m amÁ`ì`dñWo~Ôc AJXr gwédmVrMo Am§XmocZ‘hmË‘m Jm§YtÀ`m ZoV¥ËdmImcr Pmco, Ë`m‘wio VoWrc d§eôXmÀ`m àûZm{df`r


Ago {hararZo ‘m§S>co. `m Aem ‘m§S>Ur~Ôc Ë`m§Zm OmJ{VH$ gÝ‘mZ {‘imco.XoemVhr Hw$ec ì`mnH$ ZoV¥Îdm~Ôc Ë`m§Mr dmhdm Pmcr. H$moUrhr Z‘©XmYaUmMm àûZ Am§VaamîQ´>r` ñVamda ZoÊ`m‘Üò H$mhr XoeÐmoh Amho AgoAdmjamZohr gwMdco Zmhr.

YaUm§Mm ’$m`Xm {‘iUmam g‘mO hm àm‘w»`mZo eoVH$ar g‘mO. Ë`mÀ`m~mOyZo Cô amhUo åhUOo YZXm§S>½`m ~mJm`VXmam§Mr Va’$Xmar H$aUo Agoehar ~w{Õd§Vm§À`m ‘ZmV n¸o$ R>gcoco Agë`m‘wio YaUm§{damoYr Am§XmocZmH$So>CXma~wÕrZo nm{hco OmV Agmdo. Ë`mVrc XoeÐmoh H$moUmcm Iwncm Zgmdm.

eoVH$ar{dÛof Am{U gdU© ZoV¥Ëd Agco Va ^maVmVrc A§VJ©V H¡${’$`VrOJmÀ`m doerda ‘m§S>ë`m Va Ë`m~Ôc H$mhr g§Vmn hmoV Zmhr.

`mMo AmUIr EH$ CXmhaU åhUOo O¡{dH$ {~`mÊ`mg§~§Yr qhXwñWmZmVrceoVH$è`m§Zm MmMÊ`mgwÕm H$aVm òD$ ZòV `mH$[aVm ^maVmVrc ‘mÝ`dan`m©daUdmXr H$arV Agcoco IQ>mQ>mon. O¡{dH$ {~`mUo OJmVrc {H$ËòH$ Xoedmnê$ cmJyZ {H$ËòH$ df} CcQ>cr. Á`m§Zr dmna Ho$cm Ë`m XoemVrc eoVrMoCËnmXZ dmT>co, CËnmXH$Vm dmT>cr, CËnmXZIM© H$‘r Pmcm. ‘mcmMm IM©H$‘r Pmcm, JwUdÎmm dmT>cr. ho Xoe OJmÀ`m ~mOmanoR>oV VmH$XrZo CôAmhoV.

ho Ago OmXyMo {~`mUo Amho Var H$m`? Ë`mÀ`m cmJdS>rMm AZw^dH$m`? ’$m`Xm {H$Vr, VmoQ>m {H$Vr? `mMm àË`j AZw^d KoÊ`mgmR>r MmMÊ`mH$aUo ^maVr` eoVH$è`m§Zm AOyZ eŠ` Pmcoco Zmhr. ^maVr` eoVH$è`m§ZmMmMÊ`m§Mr nadmZJr XoÊ`mV òD$ Zò `mH$[aVm H¡${’$`Vr ‘m§S>m`cm `wamonmVrcn`m©daUdmÚm§Mo Vm§So> {X„rV CVaVmV Am{U {OëømMo Jmdhr YS> Z nm{hcoë`meoVH$è`m§À`m `wamonâÀ`m ghcr KS>dyZ AmUë`m OmVmV. ^maVmVrc eoVH$ar`wamonmVrc XoemV, "Amåhmcm AmYw{ZH$ eoVr ZH$mo', "Z‘©Xm YaU ZH$mo'Aem KmofUm XoV {’$aVmV `mV H$mhr XoeÐmoh Pmcm Ago Hw$Ur nmoQ>{VS>H$sZoåhQ>co Zmhr.

X{cV ZoË`m§Zr Xa~mZÀ`m n[afXoV Amncr Xw:Io gm§JÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cmVa ‘mÌ {ZfoYmÀ`m Amamoiçm CRy> cmJVmV. hmM ‘wir qhXwñWmZmVrcOm{VôX, d§e{dÀN>oX `m§Mm gJiçmV g‚mS> nwamdm Amho.

eoVH$ar Midi MmcdVmZm Vr Am§VaamîQ´>r` ñVamda Ý`mdr, OJmVrceoVrg§~§Y§rÀ`m g§ñWmV ^maVr`m§À`m emofUmMr H¡${’$`V ‘m§S>mdr Aer H$ënZm

Am{U nmMnÝZmg cmoH$m§Mo ghO IyZ nmS>co OmVmV, ~cmËH$mamMo àH$mahmoVmV ho nmhVm Om{VôX AmOhr A{VXwîQ> ñdê$nmV {e„H$ Amho Agm`w{º$dmX Xa~mZ òWo X{cVm§Mo ‘wI§S> H$aVrc.

`mCcQ>, Om{VôX dJ¡ao gJio B{VhmgO‘m Pmco, AmO H$mJXmonÌr VarOmVrÀ`m AmYmamZo H$mhr ôX^md hmoV Zmhr; AZoH$ X{cV ZmJ[aH$ ‘hÎdmÀ`màemgH$s` Am{U amOH$s` ñWmZm§da AmhoV. ñdV: ^maVmMo amîQ´>nVrM X{cVg‘mOmMo AmhoV. X{cVm§gmR>r emgZmZo Ho$coë`m H$madm`m BVŠ`m H$R>moaAm{U ì`mnH$ AmhoV H$s Ë`mVrc "A°Q´>m°{gQ>r A°ŠQ>'À`m H$madm`m§~Ôc gdU©g‘mOmcm OmM dmQ>Vmo......B. Aer ‘m§S>Ur X{cVoVa H$aVrc.

g§`wº$ amîQ´>g§Km‘Üò H$mhr ‘moR>m Eo{Vhm{gH$ {ZU©` hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`VmZmhr. OmñVrVOmñV åhUOo ^maVmVrc Om{VôXmÀ`m nwT>o Amcoë`m ‘m{hVrMrZm|X KoVcr OmB©c.

Aem àWm ZîQ> H$aÊ`mg§~§YrÀ`m {e’$maer H$aUmam R>amd g§‘V hmoB©c;`mncrH$So> OmÊ`mMr n[afXoMr V`mar Agcr Va `m {df`mda EH$ ‘mZdr h¸$Mm¡H$er g{‘Vr Zo‘Ê`mMm {dMma hmoD$ eHo$c.

Xa~mZ n[afXoMm {ZU©` H$m` hmoB©c `mcm ’$mago ‘hÎd Zmhr; nU `mn[apñWVrV hm àûZ CR>dcm OmVmo Am{U Amnë`m XoemVrc ì`dñWoMr cº$aogmd©O{ZH$arË`m YwVcr OmVmV `m~Ôc AZoH$m§Mm g§Vmn g§Vmn Pmcm Amho.g§`wº$ amîQ´>g§KmÀ`m Am§VaamîQ´>r` Xa~mamV nm{H$ñVmZgma»`m ^maVmÀ`meÌyamîQ´>mÀ`m à{V{ZYr~amo~a X{cVm§Mo à{V{ZYr {’$`m©Xr åhUyZ Cô amhVrchr H$ënZmM Ë`m§Zm ghZ hmoV Zmhr. "Om{VôX XwîQ> Amho ho Iao, nU hmA§VJ©V ‘m‘cm Amho. Vmo OJmÀ`m doerda ZoD$Z Q>mH$Uo A`mo½` Amho.EdT>oM Zìho Va, Vmo XoeÐmoh Amho', Agmhr AmH«$moe Ho$cm OmV Amho.

`m AmH«$moem‘mJo H$mhr XwQ>ßnr Xm§{^H$Vm Amho. Z‘©Xm ~MmAmo Am§XmocZmÀ`mgdU© ‘oYm nmQ>H$am§Zr OmJ{VH$ nmUr n[afXonwT>o Z‘©Xm YaUm{df`rMr AmncrH¡${’$`V ‘m§S>cr. Ë`m YaUmMo H$m‘ Wm§~{dÊ`mÀ`m {e’$maer {‘idë`m.OmJ{VH$ ~±Ho$À`m H${‘eZg‘moa OmD$Z VoWyZ `m YaUmgmR>r {‘iUmarAãOmdYtMr H$O} Wm§~dcr. Z‘©Xm ~MmAmo Am§XmocZmÀ`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªZrOJâ, XoemXoem§V Z‘©Xm YaUm{df`r àMma Ho$cm. qhXwñWmZmVrc YaUmXràH$ënm‘wio ~oKa Pmcoë`m cmoH$m§Mr g§»`m Am{U g‘ñ`m BVŠ`m {dH¥$VnUo‘m§S>ë`m H$s ^maVmVrc YaUo åhUOo AUw~m±~nojmhr A{YH$ {dZmeH$ AmhoV


Am`mVr{déÕ H$m`©dmhr H$aÊ`mMr VaVyX Agmdr Ago EH$m ImOJr MM}VOmJ{VH$ ì`mnma g§ñWoÀ`m ‘hm{ZXoeH$m§Zm ‘r gwMdco hmoVo. Á`m XoemVeoVH$è`m§da "CcQ>r nÅ>r' Amho Ë`m Xoem§À`m à{V{ZYr ‘§S>imV eoVH$è`m§ZmamIrd ñdV§Ì à{V{Z{YËd Agco nm{hOo Aerhr gyMZm Ho$cr. n`m©daU,H$m‘Jma, eoV‘Oya `m§À`m àûZm{df`r OmJéH$Vm XmIdUmè`m Am§VaamîQ´>r`g§ñWm ^maVr` eoVH$è`m§À`m àûZmV ’$mago ñdmañ` XmIdV ZmhrV ho ñnîQ>Pmco.

eoVH$è`m§Mm àûZ Am§VaamîQ´>r` nmVirda g§`wº$ g§KQ>ZoV Var ‘m§S>Ê`mMo‘mPo à`ËZ ’$mago ’$cXm`r Pmco ZmhrV ho Iao; nU ‘r à`ËZ Ho$co ZmhrVAgo åhUUo Aàm‘m{UH$nUmMo hmoB©c. Ago à`ËZ H$aÊ`mV H$mhr XoeÐmohAmho Ago ‘cm IamoIaM dmQ>V Zmhr. gË` n[apñWVrMo gå`H$ kmZ OmJ{VH$n[afXm§V ‘m§S>co Joco Zmhr Var ‘m{hVr V§ÌkmZ Am{U g§Mma V§ÌkmZ `m§À`m"hZw‘mZ CS>r'‘wio AmVm H$moUVrhr JmoîQ> cnyZ amhV Zmhr.

d§e{dÛofmÀ`m ncrH$So> OmUmam ^maVmVrc Om{VôX Á`m§Zm XaamoO Q>moMVmoAm{U Km`mi H$aVmo Ë`m§Zr OJmÀ`m Xa~mamV OmD$Z qH$H$mir ‘macr VaË`m§Mm qH$H$mir ‘maÊ`mMm ‘mZdr h¸$ H$moUr ZmH$mê$ eH$V Zmhr.


‘mÂ`m ‘ZmV AZoH$Xm òD$Z Jocr. g§`wº$ amîQ´> g§KmVrc godoÀ`m ‘mÂ`mAZw^dm‘wio Aem VèhoMr H$m`©dmhr H$aUo, n`m©daUdmXr ZoË`m§À`m VwcZoV,‘cm AJXr ghO eŠ` Pmco AgVo. eoVH$è`m§Zm Am{W©H$ Ý`m` {‘idÊ`mgmR>r^maVmVrc Ý`m`mc`mV OmÊ`mMm ‘mJ©hr ‘r eŠ`Vmo Q>micm. {dYmZgôVqH$dm cmoH$gôV OmD$Zhr hm àûZ gwQ>oc Ago H$Yr ‘cm dmQ>co Zmhr. Voìhm,OmJ{VH$ AÝZ Am{U eoVr g§KQ>Zog‘moa OmUo ì`mdhm[aH$ dmQ>co Zmhr. AgmAm§VaamîQ´>r` "H$ma^ma' H$aÊ`mBVH$s g§KQ>ZoMr Am{W©H$ n[apñWVr H$Yr‘O~yV ZìhVr, hrhr JmoîQ> Iar. ^maVm{déÕ Am§VaamîQ´>r` g^mg§‘ocZmVH¡${’$`Vr ‘m§S>m`À`m Agë`mg AS>MU òD$ Z XoUmè`m AZoH$ g§ñWm Am{U’$m¢So>eÝg AmhoV ho H$mhr ‘moR>o Jw{nV Zmhr.

{ZXmZ EH$m àg§Jr Var eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmÀ`m ‘XVrcm Am§VaamîQ´>r` ‘XVKoÊ`mMm ‘r à`ËZ Ho$cm. 1980-82 gmcmV eoVH$ar Am§XmocZ gd©XyaC’$mico Am{U nmo{cgr XS>nemhrMm H$So>cmoQ> Pmcm. eoVH$ar Am§XmocH$m§dacj R>odÊ`mgmR>r ho{cH$m°ßQ>a dmnaco Joco; Q´>H$, JmS>çm â^ê$Z EgAmanrAm{U JmS>çm añË`mda ~gcoë`m eoVH$è`m§Zm ~oX‘ ‘mahmU H$ê$Z hmH$cyZH$mT>Ê`mgmR>r dmnaë`m OmD$ cmJë`m. Á`m JmdmV eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMo {deofH$m‘ Agoc VoWo nmo{cgm§Zr YmS>r KmcyZ, XadmOo ’$moSy>Z, H$m¡cmê$ N>nam§VyZKamV CVê$Z åhmVmè`mH$moVmè`m§Zm, ‘wcm§Zm cmWm§Zr VwS>dco. {ZnmUrÀ`mAm§XmocZmV VmgmâmV nmo{cgm§Zr 14 ‘wS>Xo nmS>co; 100 da OI‘r Ho$co.Ë`mnwT>Mo Am§XmocZ Omhra H$aVmZm ‘r ñdV:À`m O~m~Xmarda B§Q>aZ°eZcaoS>H«$m°g `m g§ñWog nÌ {chyZ Ë`m§Zr Amnco {ZarjH$ Am§XmocZmÀ`m OmJrnmR>dmdoV Aer {dZ§Vr Ho$cr hmoVr. Ë`m§À`m CnpñWVr‘wio nmo{cgm§À`m{ZK¥©UVoV H$mhr ’$aH$ nSo>c Aer Amem hmoVr. ‘mÌ, eoVH$è`m§Mo Am§XmocZåhQ>ë`mda BVa Am§XmocZmH$[aVm YmdyZ OmUmè`m g§ñWm ‘XVrcm Amë`mZmhrV. XoemoXoerÀ`m nÌH$mam§À`m CnpñWVr‘wio H$m` ’$aH$ nS>cm Agoc VmoVodT>mM!

eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmV eoVH$è`m§Mr H¡${’$`V Am§VaamîQ´>r` ñVamda ‘m§S>Ê`mMrAmUIr EH$ eŠ`Vm V`ma Pmcr. OJâÀ`m lr‘§V XoemVrc eoVH$è`m§ZmAãOmdYr S>m°cg©Mr AZwXmZo {‘iVmV. `mCcQ>, qhXwñWmZmVrc eoVH$è`m§Zm"CcQ>r nÅ>r' Amho. hr "CcQ>r nÅ>r' {~JaeoVr ì`dgm`mH$[aVm AàË`jAZwXmZ Amho; eoVH$è`m§da "CcQ>r nÅ>r' ~gdUmè`m XoemVyZ hmoUmè`m


åhUOo eoVr‘mcmÀ`m ^mdmMm Am{U eoVH$è`m§À`m {‘iH$VrÀ`m nmVirMmAmho. gmao Jmd Jar~ Agoc Va VoWo ‘w§~B©À`m ~amo~arZo {dOoMm PJ‘JmQ>hmoB©c, ^modVmcmV JwiJwirV añË`m§Mo Omio hmoB©c d KamoKa nm{hOo VgmZimZo nmÊ`mMm nwadR>m hmoB©c ho g§^d Zmhr. `m àým§darc cT>çmV g¡Õm§{VH$‘wÔo ’$mago CnpñWV hmoV ZmhrV. XoemH$So> Am{U emgZmH$So> CncãY gmYZoMAnwar Agcr åhUOo Ë`m§À`m dmQ>nmV An[ahm`©nUo S>mdo-COdonUm òVmo.EH$M ’$mQ>Ho$ nm§Kê$U AmB©Zo Amnë`m gJù`m ~mim§Zm AJXr nyU© ‘‘VoZoKmVco Var EImXo Var AY©dQ> CKSo> amhVo.

Aem àým§da Am§XmocZo H$aÊ`mV AZoH$ doim ~mim-~mim§‘ÜòM dmXmdmXr{Z‘m©U hmoVo. A‘wH$ EH$m ZXrMo nmUr H$moUË`m àXoemg {H$Vr {‘imdo,añË`mMm ZH$mem H$moUH$moUË`m {Xem§Zr Omdm `m~Ôc JmdmJmdmV, AJXramÁ`mamÁ`m§VgwÕm {dV§S>dmX Cô amhVmV. gVcO ZXrÀ`m nmÊ`mg§~§Yrn§Om~ Am{U h[a`mUm `m amÁ`m§VM aUYw‘mir ‘mOÊ`mMr doi Amcr Amho.Vm{_iZmSy> d H$Zm©Q>H$ `m§À`m‘Üò H$mdoar ZXrÀ`m nmUrdmQ>nmdê$Z AerMH$R>rU n[apñWVr {H$ËòH$ dfmªnmgyZ C^r Amho. ñWm{ZH$ àý eoVH$arg§KQ>ZoÀ`m ñWm{ZH$ {d^mJm§H$So> gmondÊ`mV XmoZ Jmoï>r gmÜ` Pmë`m. n{hcråhUOo VwQ>nw§Á`m gmYZm§À`m An[ahm ©nUo Ag‘mYmZH$maH$ dmQ>nm~Ôc g¡Õm§{VH$^y{‘H$m KoÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm am{hcr Zmhr. Xwgam n[aUm‘ Agm H$s ñWm{ZH$àýmdaÀ`m {dV§S>dmXmnmgyZ g§KQ>Zocm ñdV:cm A{cá R>odVm Amco. Zm{eH${OëømV YaUo Am{U Ë`m§À`m nmÊ`mMm dmna Ah‘XZJa {OëømV. `m XmoZ{Oëøm§V Ë`m‘wio dmX; nU Vo ~mOycm gmê$Z XmoÝhr {Oëøm§V CgmÀ`m^mdmMo Am§XmocZ à^mdrnUo Cô am{hco. n§Om~ h[a`mZmVrc nmÊ`mÀ`mdmQ>nmMm àý Am{W©H$ àýmnmgyZ doJim H$ê$Z n§Om~ Am{U h[a`mZm `mXmoÝhr amÁ`m§Vrc {H$gmZ `w{Z`Z EH$Ì H$m‘ H$aVmV. Am{W©H$ àý Am{UñWm{ZH$ àý `m§Mr A{cpIV na§naoZo {d^mJUr H$ê$Z eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo, Á`mEH$m IS>H$mda B{VhmgmVrc AZoH$ eoVH$ar Am§XmocZm§Mr Jc~Vo AmXiyZ’w$Q>cr Vmo IS>H$ {eVm’$sZo Q>micm.

eoVr‘mcmMm ^md, amñV ^md Z {‘iy XoÊ`mMr gaH$mar hñVjonmMrì`dñWm ho àý amÁ` H$m`©H$m[aUrÀ`m joÌmVco, `mg§~§YrMo {ZU©` AÜ`jm§ZrZo‘coë`m H$m`©H$m[aUrÀ`m ~¡R>H$sV hmoVmV.

eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m B{VhmgmV doimodoir Ago H$mhr àý Cô amhV Joco

gìdrg

OcZm, OcmZm, OmcZm

eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm, eoVH$ar ‘{hcm AmKmS>r d eoVH$ar `wdm AmKmS>r `mgd© g§KQ>Zm§Mo g§`wº$ A{YdoeZ 27 Vo 30 OmZodmar 2005 Ago Mma {Xdg‘amR>dmS>çmVrc OmcZm òWo hmoUma Amho.

eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm hr Am§XmocH$ g§KQ>Zm Amho. {VMr H$moUVrhr {cpIVKQ>Zm Zmhr. B§½c§S>‘Yrc cmoH$gôà‘mUo H$moUVrhr coIr KQ>Zm ZgVmZmàXrK© H$mi Eo{Vhm{gH$ H$m`© H$ê$Z XmIdUmar eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm hr EH$AZÝ`gmYmaU Midi Amho. KQ>Zm V`ma H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Pmcm Zmhr AgoZmhr; nU Am§XmocH$ ñdê$n KQ>ZoV C‘Q>co Va Vo Y‘m©Xm` Am`wº$m§Zm MmcVZmhr Am{U ZwgVoM "g‘mOdmXr' Ago ñdê$n XmIdUmar KQ>Zm eoVH$è`m§À`m‘ZmV ^mdV Zmhr. Aem noMm‘wio AmOhr g§KQ>Zocm {cpIV KQ>Zm Zmhr.n[aUm‘V:, eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZ§Va C‘ccoë`m eoVH$ar ‘{hcm AmKmS>r (Zmoìh|~a1986) Am{U eoVH$ar `wdm AmKmS>r (OmZodmar 2002) `m§Zmhr {cpIVKQ>Zm Zmhr. eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMo OmcZm òWo hmoUmao A{YdoeZ ho XhmdoA{YdoeZ Amho.

A{cpIV na§naoZo eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMr EH$ ~m§YUr Amho. g§KQ>ZoMm EH$AÜ`j AgVmo. Vmo AÜ`j EH$ H$m`©H$m[aUr Zo‘Vmo, {Oëhm d VmcwH$mnmVirda Amdí`H$Voà‘mUo nXm{YH$mar Zo‘Vmo. g§KQ>ZoZo àW‘nmgyZ añVm,nmUr Am{U drO `mg§~§YrMo àý ñWm{ZH$ ‘mZco AmhoV. `m àýmg§~§YrMrAm§XmocZo qH$dm H$m`©dmhr {Oëhm qH$dm VmcwH$m g§KQ>Zm§Zr Mmcdm`MrAgVmV. añVm, nmUr Am{U drO `m gd©M {df`m§V "^maV' Am{U "B§{S>`m'`m§À`m‘Üò EH$ ImB© Amho. hr ImB© B§{S>`m-^maV `m§À`m‘Yrc Zddmgmh{VH$g§~§Ym§Mm EH$ Xwæ`‘ n[aUm‘ Amho. ‘w»` àý eoVr‘mcmÀ`m {H$’$m`VeranUmMm


g§KQ>ZoMr d Am§XmocZmMr {Xem R>adÊ`mMr Amdí`Vm dmQ>Vo Voìhm VoìhmeoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMo A{YdoeZ âdÊ`mV òVo.

eoVH$ar ‘{hcm AmKmS>rMr ñWmnZm 1986 gmcÀ`m Mm§XdS> oWo a{dcoë`meoVH$ar ‘{hcm A{YdoeZmV Pmcr. Ë`mZ§Va A‘amdVr (1989) d amdoar(2001) òWo ‘{hcm AmKmS>rMr ñdm`Îm A{YdoeZo â{dÊ`mV Amcr.eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm Am{U eoVH$ar ‘{hcm AmKmS>r `m§Mo K{Zð> g§~§Y cjmVKoVm A‘amdVr òWrc eoVH$ar ‘{hcm A{YdoeZmda "~m~ar ‘erX -A`moÜ`m ‘§{Xa' àH$aUmVrc OmVr` X§JctMr gmdcr nS>mdr ho g‘OÊ`mgmaIoAmho. amdoar A{YdoeZmVhr {dX^© Am{U ‘amR>dmS>çmV YJYJy cmJcoë`mH$mnyg àýmMr Zm|X ¿`mdr cmJcr. EdT>oM Zìho Va, amdoarÀ`m gd© A{YdoeZmMoH$mnyg Am§XmocZmÀ`m ‘moMm©V ê$nm§Va Pmco. An[ahm`©nUo g‘J« eoVH$arg‘mOmcm H$m¡c cmdÊ`mH$[aVm adcoco A{YdoeZ ho g‘J« eoVH$ar n[admamMoA{YdoeZ R>aVo. `m gd© n[admamV eoVH$ar `wdm AmKmS>rcm doJio ñWmZZìhVo. eoVH$ar `wdm AmKmS>rMo ~m§YUr A{YdoeZ Xm¢S> òWo (OmZodmar2002) âdÊ`mV Amco.

A{YdoeZ Ho$ìhm âdmdo, XmoZ A{YdoeZm§Vrc H$mcmdYr {H$Vr Agmdm`mg§~§Yr AWm©VM H$mhr {Z`‘ Zmhr. hr AÜ`jm§À`m AIË`marVrc Jmoï>Amho. AZoH$doim EH$ A{YdoeZ Pmë`mZ§Va WmoS>çmM H$mimV H$mhr ì`mnH$àý Cô am{hco, n[apñWVrV nmcQ> Pmcm Voìhm eoVH$ar ‘oimdo, n[afXmâdyZ eoVH$è`m§Zm H$m¡c cmdÊ`mV Amcm.

S>m°. ‘Z‘mohZqgJ d lr. Zaqghamd `m§À`m ZoV¥ËdmImcr Iwë`m ì`dñWoMoYmoaU Omhra Pmë`mZ§Va eoJmd oWo (Zmoìh|~a 1991) doJim ‘oimdm adÊ`mVAmcm. eoVH$è`m§À`m H$O©‘wº$s Am§XmocZmMr KmofUm H$aÊ`mgmR>r OiJmd(1988) òWo eoVH$è`m§Mm amOm N>ÌnVr {edmOr d X{cVm§Mo H¡$dmar S>m°.Am§~oS>H$a `m§Mm g§`wº$ O`§Vr ‘oimdm âdÊ`mV Amcm. ñdmV§Í`mÀ`m 50dfmªÀ`m àJVrMm Vmio~§X ‘m§Sy>Z "ñdmV§Í` H$m Zmgco?' `mMm {heo~KoÊ`mH$[aVm A‘amdVr òWo 1998 gmcr OZg§gX âdÊ`mV Amcr.

X{jU ‘hmamï´> ‘moQ>ma gm`H$c `mÌoMm g‘mamon H$monaJmdÀ`m ‘oimì`mVPmcm. ‘hmamï´> àMma`mÌoMm g‘mamon 31 Am°ŠQ>mo~a 1984 amoOr Q>ohao (‘mcoJmd)òWo Pmcm. ‘. ’w$co {dMma àMma `mÌoMm g‘mamon {dœZmW àVmnqgJ `m§À`mAÜ`jVoImcr ZmJnya oWo Pmcm. Ë`mnyduhr amOH$s` n`m©` {Z‘m©U H$aÊ`mÀ`m

H$s Á`m§Mm {ZU©` H$aUo H$m`©H$m[aUrcmhr Amnë`m Hw$dVr~mhoaMo dmQ>co. 80Vo 82 `m H$mimV MmH$U, qnniJmd ~gd§V, {ZnmUr, ‘hmamï´>mVrc D$gAm{U XyY CËnmXH$ àXoe `m§À`mV CJ« eoVH$ar Am§XmocZo C^r am{hcr. `mgJù`m Am§XmocZm§Mm AÝd`mW© H$m`? eoVH$ar H$m` ‘mJV AmhoV? Ë`m§À`mXw:ImMr ‘yi H$maUo H$m`? Ë`m Xw:Imda Am¡fYmonMma H$m`? nÏ`nmUrH$moUVo? `mMm {ZU©` H$aÊ`mH$[aVm gQ>mUm (Zm{eH$) òWo 1982 gmcreoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMo n{hco A{YdoeZ Pmco.

g‘mOmÀ`m OrdZmÀ`m ~mH$s gd© ~mOy AcJ H$ê$Z Am§XmocZ Amnë`mdoJù`m OJmV Mmcy eH$V Zmhr. Ë`mcm g‘mOmÀ`m BVa A§Jm§Mrhr Zm|X¿`mdr cmJVo. naÛr (1984) À`m A{YdoeZmV eoVH$è`m§À`m emofUmVamOH$s` ZoV¥ËdmMm hmV^ma {H$Vr Am{U gaH$mar ZmoH$aemhrMr Zo‘H$s ^y{‘H$mH$m`? ho àý AZoH$ H$m`©H$Ë`mªÀ`m ‘ZmV Cô Pmco hmoVo. Ë`mdoir n§Om~Am{U BVa amÁ`m§V Mmcy Agcoë`m ’w$Q>radmXr Am{U AmV§H$s Am§XmocZm§À`mnmœ©^y‘rda eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmMr Zo‘H$s ^y{‘H$m H$m` `mMohr ñnï>rH$aU hdohmoVo. H$m§ÚmMo Am§XmocZ Pmco, CgmMo Pmco, V§~mIyMo Pmco, XwYmMo PmcoAm{U Aer EH$EH$ eoVr‘mcmÀ`m Am§XmocZm§Mr gmIir {H$Vr H$mi MmcUma?`m gJù`m àým§À`m ‘wimda Kmd KmcUmar H$mhr Cnm``moOZm eŠ` AmhoH$m`?

1982 gmcr n{hë`m§Xm Am§VaamÁ` g‘Ýd` g{‘Vr {Z‘m©U Pmcr.B{VhmgmVrc gd© eoVH$ar Am§XmocZm§Zr Amnmnco {Oëho qH$dm amÁò `m§MrHw$§nUo Amocm§Sy>Z ncrH$So> OmÊ`mV gj‘Vm XmIdcr. `mdoiMo eoVH$arAm§XmocZ Iè`m AWm©Zo amï´>r` Am§XmocZ H$go hmoB©c `mhr g§~§Yr XoenmVirda{dMma{d{Z‘` Amdí`H$ hmoVm. `m àým§Mr CÎmao H$m`©H$m[aUrcm XoUo Amnë`mA{YH$majoÌmÀ`m ~mhoaMo Amho Ago dmQ>ë`mdê$Z 1984 gmcr naÛr òWoA{YdoeZ â{dÊ`mV Amco.

1984 gmcr B§{Xam Jm§YtÀ`m ‘¥Ë`yZ§Va amOH$s` n[apñWVr PnmQ>çmZo~Xcy cmJcr. eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoH$So> H$m±J«og{damoYr njm§Mr AmKmS>r ~Z{dÊ`mMràmW{‘H$ O~m~Xmar Amcr. Ë`mH$[aVm gd© ‘hÎdmÀ`m amOH$s` njm§Zr AmncreoVH$ar àýmdaMr ^y{‘H$m ñnï> H$amdr `mgmR>r eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMo YwioòWrc A{YdoeZ ~mocmdÊ`mV Amco.

Ooìhm Ooìhm H$mhr AgmYmaU n[apñWVrV gd© eoVH$è`m§Zm H$m¡c cmdyZ


1980 gmcr eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMm CX` Pmcm Voìhm emgZ Am{U {Z`mo{OVAW©H$maU `m§À`mda S>mì`m {dMmam§Mm à^md hmoVm. JmdmJmdmVrc N>moQ>o ‘moR>oeoVH$ar `m§À`mVrc dmXM àH$fm©Zo ‘m§Sy>Z O{‘ZrÀ`m ’o$admQ>nmcm AJ«h¸${Xcm OmV hmoVm. O‘rZYmaH$ eoVH$ar åhUOo ^m§S>dcXma; emofU hmoVo VoHo$di ^y{‘hrZ ‘Owam§Mo Aer ‘m§S>Ur 25 dfmªnydu Ho$cr OmV hmoVr. eoVH$arg§KQ>ZoZo `m S>mì`m {dMmam§er g§Kf© Ho$cm. eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo "eoVrda Á`mMonmoQ> Vmo eoVH$ar' Aer ì`m»`m gwñWm{nV Ho$cr. "eoVH$ar {VVH$m EH$ EH$'hr ‘mZ{gH$Vm éOdcr. eoVH$è`m§À`m Xm[aÐçmMo Am{U H$O©~mOmarnUmMo‘yi H$maU "B§{S>`m'Mm dgmhVdmX Amho, eoVr‘mcmcm ^md {‘iy Z XoÊ`mMoYmoaU ho eoVH$è`m§À`m J[a~rMo ‘yi Amho Ago ‘m§S>co Am{U OJmnwT>o {gÕH$ê$Z XmIdco. "^rH$ ZH$mo, hdo Km‘mMo Xm‘' Aer gÝ‘mZOZH$ ^mdZmeoVH$è`m§À`m ‘ZmV éOdcr. eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$O©‘wº$s Am{U^«ï>mMma{damoYr "CgZo n¡go naV {‘i{dUo' `m Am§XmocZm§Zr Va "‘r H$O©~mOmareoVH$ar Amho `mMm ‘cm A{^‘mZ Amho' Ago Ymï>çm©Zo åhUÊ`mBVnVAmË‘{dœmg eoVH$è`m§À`m ‘ZmV {Z‘m©U Ho$cm.

`m ‘m§S>Urda eoVH$ar Am§XmocZ Cô am{hco, XoemV Mm¡Xm amÁ`m§V ngaco.da Imcr MT>CVma Pmco nU 25 dfm©Z§Vahr eoVH$ar Am§XmocZ P|S>m YwirVnSy> XoV Zmhr; CcQ>, eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMr Am{W©H$ ‘m§S>UrM AmVm OJ‘mÝ`Pmcr Amho. ho B{VhmgmVrc Anyd© è eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo {‘idco; na§Vw hogd© è amOH$s` CcWmnmcWrV dmhÿZ OmÊ`mMm YmoH$m V`ma Pmcm Amho.

gd© XoemV qhXy åhUdco OmUmao cmoH$ ~hþg§»`; nU qhXy VÎdkmZmMrna§nam d g‘mOmMr ‘mZ{gH$Vm hr ì`{º${Zð> Amho. "qnS>mË‘m Am{U ~«÷mË‘m`m§À`m‘Üò H$moUrhr ‘Ü`ñW qH$dm J«§W Zmhr' Ago ‘mZUmè`m CXma‘VdmXrqhXy g‘mOmÀ`m ZoV¥ËdmMr nVmH$m Ë`m VÎdkmZmVrc XoXrß`‘mZ {dMmam§Mmcmon H$ê$Z ~mhoê$Z qhXwñWmZda AmH«$‘U H$ê$Z èñdr Pmcoë`m Am{Ug§Keº$s ‘mZUmè`m Xoem§Vrc BVa g‘mOm§Mm AmXe© nwT>o R>odyZ qhXy g‘mOmcm~iO~arZo g§KY‘© ~ZdUmè`m§À`m hmVmV Jocr. ho nVmH$mYmar JO©Zm H$aVmVqhXwËdmMr nU CXma‘VdmXr qhXy Ë`m§Zm ‘mZV Zmhr. qhXwËdmÀ`m KmofUoZo^maVr` g§KamÁ`mÀ`m g§gXoV XrS>XmoZeo OmJm {‘idVm òVmV nU ~hþ‘V{‘idVm òV Zmhr. `mgmR>r BVa g‘mOm§Zm Z XwImdVm ~amo~a KoD$Z MmcUoAmdí`H$ Amho ho AQ>c{~hmar dmOno`r `m§Zr hoaco Am{U amï´>r` cmoH$emhr

Ñï>rZo ZmJnwamV EH$ ‘oimdm KoÊ`mV Amcm. Ë`m ‘oimì`mV (1987) eoVH$arg§KQ>ZoÀ`m ‘§Mmda {dœZmW àVmnqgJ, M§ÐeoIa, AQ>c{~hmar dmOno`r AgoVrZ ^mdr n§VàYmZ EH$Ì Amco hmoVo.

g§ wº$ amï´> g§KmÀ`m ~rqOJ n[afXoZ§Va (1995) gmè`m ‘{hcm Am§XmocZmcmgaH$mar XmdUrcm ~m§YÊ`mMm à`ËZ hmUyZ nmS>Ê`mgmR>r eoVH$ar ‘{hcmAmKmS>rZo ‘w§~B© òWo ~rqOJ{damoYr n[afXhr (1996) ~mocmdcr hmoVr. `mn[afXoMo XñVmdoO eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m {dMmaYmaoda XyaJm‘r n[aUm‘ KS>dyZJoco.

{dœZmW àVmnqgJm§À`m ZoV¥ËdmMm CX` hmoV AgVmZm Ë`m§À`mgmR>r gQ>mUm,Ywio, H$moëhmnya, gm§Jcr, cmVya Ago ‘hm‘oimdo â{dÊ`mV Amco. Ë`màËòH$ ‘oimì`mVhr nWXe©H$ {ZU©` Omhra H$aÊ`mV Amco. m gd© A{YdoeZo,‘oimdo, n[afXm `m§Mm nam‘e© "eoVH$ar g§KQ>H$'‘Üò Am{U A{YdoeZm§À`mñ‘a{UH$m§V J§«{WV Pmcocm Amho.

eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmÀ`m amOH$s` YmoaUmMr {Xem, {deofV: 1984 Z§Va,‘moR>r CcWmnmcWrMr Pmcr. ‘hmamï´>mVrc Am{U BVahr H$mhr amÁ`m§VrcghH$ma MidirÀ`m AmYmamZo H$m±J«ogZo ~gdcoco dM©ñd eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmZo‘moS>H$ircm AmUco; nU amOH$maUmnmgyZ XmoZ nmdco Xya amhÊ`mÀ`m YmoaUm‘wioeoVH$ar g§KQ>Zocm amOH$s` n`m©` XoVm Amcm Zmhr. "N>moQ>m Mmoa, ‘moR>m Mmoa',"‘moR>m Mmoa, OmVr`dmXr ‘hmamjg', Iwcr ì`dñWm, cm`goÝg-na{‘Q>-amOAem AZoH$ ^modè`m§V eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m amOH$s` YmoaUmMr Zmd {JaŠ`mKoV Jocr.

g‘mOdmXmMm nmS>md Pmë`mZ§Va XoemÀ`m {df`n{ÌHo$dê$Z Am{W©H$ ‘wÔoMnwgco Joco Am{U B{VhmgmVrc Jm¡adñWio Am{U XmofñWio `m§Mo ^m§S>dcH$aUmao ‘§S>cdmXr, ‘§{XadmXr BË`mXr amOH$s` nj nwT>o Amco. {ZYm©{‘©H$VoMmQ>|^m {‘adUmao nj Ho$di amOH$s` ñdmWm©nmoQ>r XoeÐmohr VÎdm§erhr hmV{‘idUrH$aVmV. n[aUm‘V: AmO H|$ÐmVrc amÁ` ZŠgcdmXr Am{U ‘ycVÎddmXrAmV§H$dmÚm§À`m à^mdmImcr Amco Amho. {dewÕ ñdV§ÌVmdmXr nj åhUyZñdV§Ì ^maV nj nwT>o Amcm nU g§KQ>ZoÀ`m ~mhoa H$m`©H$Ë`mªMr ’$ir C^rH$aÊ`mV Ë`mcm Anè Amë`m‘wio Ë`mcmhr OmVr`dmÚm§À`m EH$m JQ>mMmAmYma ¿`mdm cmJcm. m g§JVrZo H$O©‘wº$sgmaIm H$m`©H«$‘gwÕm {ZdS>UwH$sÀ`m‘¡XmZmV ‘mÝ`Vm {‘idy eH$cm Zmhr.


Vmoerg Z gmogcocr ‘§S>ir àIa amï´>dmÚm§Mmhr Cn‘X© H$ê$ eH$VmV. g§`wº$nwamoJm‘r AmKmS>r emgZmVrc gd© JQ>m§Mm g‘mZ KQ>H$ åhUOo qhXyÛof. Vmoì`º$ H$aÊ`mMm Ë`m§Zm ‘mhrV Agcocm EH$‘od ‘mJ© åhUOo qhXyOmVrì`dñWo‘wio AÝ`m` Pmcoco Am{U {deofV: ‘wgc‘mZ Aëng§»`mH$`m§Mm IwcoAm‘ AZwZ` H$aUo. hO `mÌocm AZwXmZ XoUo hr H$mhr ‘moR>rer Jmoï>Zmhr. A‘aZmW `mÌocmhr emgZ ‘moR>m IM© H$aVo; nU hOÀ`m AZwXmZm‘mJo^mdZm amOH$s` AZwZ`mMr Amho. Aëng§»`mH$m§À`m {ejUmH$[aVm doJimAm`moJ Zo‘Ê`m‘mJohr hrM ^mdZm Amho. Aëng§»`mH$m§Zm amIrd OmJmXoÊ`mMo g‘W©Z `mM ~wÕrVyZ hmoV Amho. ‘wgc‘mZ Aëng§»`mH$m§Zm Ë`m§À`mñdV§Ì {ejU g§ñWm V`ma H$aÊ`mH$[aVm àmoËgmhZ XoUo Am{U ~m¡ÕY_u`m§Zm‘mÌ gd©gmYmaU {ejU g§ñWm§V amIrd OmJm§Mr VaVyX H$aUo `m XwQ>ßnrYmoaUmVrc amOH$maU CKS> Amho.

nU, Y‘m©g§~§Yr amOH$maU hm H$mhr eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMm à‘wI {df` Zmhr.X{cV, S>mdo Am{U Aëng§»`mH$m§Mo AZwZ`r EH$Ì Pmë`m‘wio AW©H$maUmdaH$m` n[aUm‘ hmoV AmhoV ho ‘hÎdmMo Amho.

EH$m dmŠ`mV gm§Jm`Mo Pmco Va eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo Joë`m 25 dfmªV Ord¡Mm[aH$ H«$m§Vr H$ê$Z XmIdcr Vr `m g§`wº$ nwamoJm‘r AmKmS>r emgZmÀ`mYmoaUm‘wio dmhÿZ OmÊ`mMm YmoH$m V`ma Pmcm Amho.

eoVr‘mcmÀ`m ^mdmg§~§Yr F$UmË‘H$ AZwXmZ Agë`mMo gd©‘mÝ` PmcohmoVo. amï´>r` cmoH$emhr AmKmS>rÀ`m H$mimV eoVr‘mcmÀ`m ^mdmMr n[apñWVrAm§Vaamï´>r` ~mOmanoR>oÀ`m VwcZoZo H$mhrer gwYmacr. m AmH$So>dmarMm Cn`moJH$ê$Z g§nwAm emgZ, AmVm hOmamo eoVH$ar AmË‘hË`m H$aV AgVmZmhreoVH$è`m§Zm hOmamo H$moQ>r én`m§Mr AZwXmZo Agë`mMo CKS>CKS> {~Z{X¸$Vgm§JVo Amho. {dÎm‘§Ìr nr. {MX§~a‘ `m§Zr g§gXoÀ`m {hdmir gÌmÀ`m eodQ>rcmoH$gôg gmXa Ho$coë`m AZwXmZmg§~§Yr {ZdoXZmV ho ñnï> hmoVo. AmË‘hË`meoVH$ar H$aVmV; nU g§nwAm gaH$maÀ`m "Am{W©H$ gwYma Am{U ‘mZdr‘wIdQ>m' `m YmoaUm‘wio eoVrÀ`m {H$’$m`VeranUm àý ~mOycm nS>V Amho.eoVH$è`m§Zm OmJ{VH$ ~mOmanoR>oV Cô H$aÊ`mH$[aVm ‘mÂ`m AÜ`jVoImcrcH$m`©~cmZo {Xcoë`m {e’$maer ~mOycm Q>mH$Ê`mV Amë`m AmhoV. H$m§JmdmeoVH$è`m§Mo ^co H$aÊ`mMm; nU gaH$mar n¡gm gJim ghH$mar g§ñWm§À`mnXamV Agm H$m`©H«$‘ Mmcy Amho.

AmKmS>rcm EH$ à{Vð>m {‘idyZ {Xcr. EdT>oM Zìho Va, Anyd© Am{W©H${dH$mgmMm EH$ H$mcI§S> àË`jmV AmUyZ ^maV OmJ{VH$ ‘hmgÎmm hmoD$eH$Vmo Ago ñdßZ amï´>mnwT>o Cô Ho$co. 2004 gmcÀ`m cmoH$g^m {ZdS>UwH$sÀ`mH$mimVhr qhXy g‘mOmcm H$indmXr ~Zdy nmhUmè`m§Zr A{VaoH$s àH$maKS>dyZ AmUco Ë`mVyZ dmOno`tÀ`m ZoV¥ËdmImcrc amï´>r` cmoH$emhr AmKmS>rMmnam^d Pmcm.

`m nam^dmVyZ `Wmo{MV AW© H$mT>Ê`mEodOr H$indmXr qhXy, amï´>r`cmoH$emhr AmKmS>rZo Am‘À`mnmgyZ qhXwËd Xya Ho$ë`m‘wio {VMm nam^dPmcm d nwÝhm gÎmoda `m`Mo Agoc Va àIa qhXwËdmMm ÜdO C^macm nm{hOoAgm {J„m H$arV AmhoV. AQ>c{~hmar dmOno`r `m§À`m àJë^ gd©g‘mdoeH$Am{U g{hîUy YmoaUm‘Üò EH$ B{Vhmg{gÕ qhXy ‘mZ{gH$VoMm H$c hmoVm.g§»`memór` Ñï>rZo nm{hco Va ^maVr` ‘ZmMm VmoM gwdU©‘Ü` Amho.H$indmXr qhXwËdmÀ`m ZoË`m§À`m dº$ì`m§‘wio {damoYr H$m±J«og AmKmS>rgàMmamMm P§PmdmV CR>dÊ`mMr g§Yr {‘imcr Am{U naXoer OÝ‘mÀ`mZoV¥ËdmcmgwÕm OZVoZo nËH$aco. "Aëng§»`mH$m§Mr ‘wOmoar Mmcoc nU~hþg§»`mH$m§Mr hþHy$‘emhr ZH$mo.' Aem ^mdZoZo cmoH$m§Zr amï´>r` cmoH$emhrAmKmS>rg ‘mJo Q>mH$co.

H$m±J«og {ZYm©{‘©H$ H$YrM ZìhVr. Aëng§»`mH$m§À`m YmñVrcm IVnmUrKmcyZ Am{U Ë`mhrnojm {h§Xy àdŠË`m§À`m {déÕ Ohar àMmamMr ami CR>dyZH$m±J«ogZo {ZYm©{‘©H$VoMm H$m§Jmdm Mmcdcm Amho Ë`mcm OZVoZo nËH$aco.

n[aUm‘ Agm Pmcm H$s T>m|Jr {ZYm©{‘©H$ H$m±J«og, ‘mJmg (‘§S>c) dJuÒmVr qH$dm Aëng§»`mH$ `m§À`m EH$sÀ`m ‘Vm§Mr ~oarO èñdrnUo H$ê$ZXmIdUmao «ï>mMmar, ‘§S>cOmVr`dmXr Am{U Iwë`m ì`dñWocm gd© AmKmS>çm§da{damoY H$aUmao S>mdo H$å`w{ZñQ> `m§Mo amÁ` {X„rV àñWm{nV Pmco Amho.

amÁ`gôMm gXñ` åhUyZ doJdoJù`m àg§Jr Aëng§»`mH$m§À`m àým§da,Xm[aÐç{Z‘y©cZmg§~§YmV doJdoJù`m njm§À`m cmoH$m§Mr ^mfUo EoH$Ê`mMm`moJ Amcm. Ë`mncrH$So> Ë`m§Mr earamMr ^mfmhr nmhVm Amcr. Ë`m§À`mEH$‘oH$m§À`m ZoÌn„ì`m Am{U ImUmIwUm àË`j nm{hë`mZ§Va ‘mPr ^mdZmPmcr Vr Aer:

cmcyàgmXgmaIo ‘mJmgdJu` ZoVo H$m`, S>mdo H$m` Am{U H$m±J«ogdmcoH$m` - gJù`m§À`m ‘ZmV qhXwËdm~Ôc ‘moR>r MrS> Amho. XoemgmR>r H$moUVrhr


PwH$dVmV. n[aUm‘V:, XrS>eoÀ`mda {Oëøm§V AmO ZúmcdmÚm§Mo amÁ` MmcyAmho.

^maVmcm ñdmV§Í` {‘imë`mZ§Va ho ñdmV§Í` Iao Zmhr m aU{Xdo {gÕm§VmVyZVoc§JU Am{U ~§Jmc òWo CR>md Mmcy Pmco. aU{Xdo {gÕm§VmMm Mm¡Wm {hñgmVar {dO` Pmcm Amho. H|$ÐmV S>mì`m§Zm "ZH$mamMm A{YH$ma' {‘imcm Amho.

^maVmÀ`m ’$miUrÀ`m doir "h±g Ho$ {c`m nm{H$ñVmZ, cS> Ho$ c|JoqhXwñVmZ' Ago åhUUmè`m§Mmhr Mm¡Wm {hñgm {dO` Pmcm Amho Am{UBñcm‘Mo amÁ` Pmco Zgco Var "qhXwËd {ZË` OJVr Ad‘m{ZVmV' Aern[apñWVr V`ma hmoV Amho. `mcm O~m~Xma H$indmXr qhXy ZoV¥Ëd H$samOH$maUYwa§Ya d qhXy g‘mOmVrc Ag§Vwï> Am{U ‘wgc‘mZ `m§À`m ‘Vm§Mr~oarO H$ê$Z Amdí`H$ Va amï´>{hVhr ~mOyg R>odÊ`mg V`ma Agcoco hm{df` ‘hÎdmMm Zmhr. J«‘rU ^mJmV Kwgcocm dJ©dmX H$mTy>Z O‘rZ‘mcH$Am{U ^y{‘hrZ `m XmoKm§Mmhr ’$m`Xm H$ê$Z XoUmar {dMmagaUr ~mOyg gmê$ZJmdmJmdm§V OmVr`dmXmÀ`m AmYmamZo "Amho ao' Am{U "Zmhr ao' Aer, g§Kf©noQ>dyZ XoUmar {dMmagaUr èñdr hmoV Amho.

g‘mOdmXr YmoaUm§Mm dad§Q>m gJù`mV H«y$anUo {’$acm Vmo eoVH$è`m§da;nU, cm`gÝg-na{‘Q>-BÝñnoŠQ>a amÁ` ’$º$ eoVrnwaVo ‘`m©{XV ZìhVo. ì`mnma,CÚmoJ joÌm§Mohr {Z`moOZì`dñWoZo dmQ>moio Ho$co. lr. Zaqghamd `m§À`mO‘mÝ`mV Am{W©H$ gwYmam§Mr gwédmV Pmcr. Ë`mV {~JaeoVr joÌmVrc Am{W©H$gwYmam§Zm àmYmÝ` {Xco Joco. eoVH$è`m§Zmhr ì`dgm`ñdmV§Í` Agmdo AereoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMr YS>nS> Mmcy AgVmZm {~JaeoVr joÌmVhr Am{W©H$ gwYmaUm§Mm{damoY H$aUmè`m ZoVm-VñH$a-Jw§S>m-A’$ga `m§Zr CMc Im„r Amho Am{UAmnë`m w{Z`ZÀ`m VmH$Xrda g§n haVmim§Mo hË`ma dmnê$Z g§nwAm gaH$macmOmJmoOmJ Z‘dÊ`mg Vo è {‘idV AmhoV. naH$s` Jw§VdUwH$sMr Q>¸o$dmar,^{dî` {Zdm©h {ZYrMm ì`mOmMm Xa Aem àým§dahr S>mì`m§Mm AmJ«hM{ZUm© H$ R>aVmo. eoVrjoÌmV Va eoVH$è`m§À`m ñdmV§Í`mMm ‘wÔm {df`n{ÌHo$dê$ZMg§ndÊ`mV Amcm Amho. AÞ Am{U IVo `m§À`mdarc AZwXmZmMm JdJdmdmT>V Amho. JmdmJmdm§V dJ©`wÕ noQ>dÊ`mMo ‘Zgw~o aMco OmV AmhoV.

OmcZm òWo eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMo A{YdoeZ ~mocmdÊ`mV Amco Vo `m{dn[aV n[apñWVrV. eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmÀ`m P|S>çmImcrc Xwgè`m ñdmV§Í`mMrMidi ‘moR>çm A[aï>mV gmnS>V Amho. BH$So> AmS>, {VH$So> {dhra - nmUr

JmdmÀ`m AmVhr ~oamoOJmam§À`m àýmda àH$mePmoV Q>mHy$Z amoOJma h‘r`moOZogmaIr ~XZm‘ ì`dñWm Xoeâ Mmcy H$ê$Z ‘hmamï´>mà‘mUoM "amoOJmah‘r, AY} Vwåhr AY} Amåhr' AmUyZ eoVr ì`dgm`mVrc l‘~mOmanoR>CX²ÜdñV H$aÊ`mMo {Z{üV YmoaU AmIÊ`mV Amco Amho. eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMmCX` Pmcm Voìhm eoVr‘mcmÀ`m ^mdmÀ`m VwcZoV eoV‘Owar A{YH$ dmT>VoAgm {gÕm§V eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo ‘m§S>cm hmoVm. gd© S>mì`m§Zr Ë`mMr Hw$Moï>mHo$cr hmoVr. AmO àË`j à‘mU Amho H$s H$mnyg, ^wB©‘yJ Ago H$mhr AndmXgmoS>co Va eoVr‘mcmÀ`m AmYma^yV {H$_Vr ’$ma Va XwnQ>rZo dmT>ë`m AmhoV,`mCcQ>, eoV‘OwarMo {H$‘mZ Xa ‘hmamï´>mV gVamnQ> dmT>co AmhoV. eoVH$arg§KQ>ZoÀ`m CX`mÀ`m doir eoV‘Owam§Zm {H$‘mZ doVZhr {Xco OmV Zmhr AerVH«$ma hmoVr. AmO gd©Xya eoV‘OwarMo Xa H$m`ÚmZo R>adcoë`m XamnojmA{YH$ AmhoV. Aer n[apñWVr AgVmZm {H$‘mZ doVZ Xa XoD$Z amoOJma h‘rMmcdUo `mV gaH$mar ZmoH$a Am{U amOH$s` Xcmc `m§Mo ^co H$aÊ`mMrM~wÕr {XgyZ òVo. amoOJma h‘r `moOZoÀ`m H$m‘mda XmIc H$ê$Z KoÊ`mAmYrË`mcm eoVrÀ`m H$m‘mda {H$‘mZ doVZmZo amoO {‘iV Zmhr EdT>o Var VnmgyZ¿`mdo hrhr ^y{‘H$m ñdrH$mam`cm emgZ V`ma hmoV Zmhr.

‘mJmgdJu`m§Zm ImgJr joÌmVhr amIrd OmJm {‘imë`m nm{hOo AerhrKmofUm g§nwAmÀ`m {H$‘mZ g§`wº$ H$m`©H«$‘mV Ho$cr Amho. Ë`mg§~§YrMmH$m`Xm cdH$aM ‘m§S>cm OmB©c; nU eoVr ImgJr joÌmV Amho. VoìhmImgJr joÌmVrc amIrd OmJm§Mm ’$m`Xm eoVrVrc amoOJmarVhr {‘imcmnm{hOo ho ‘mZm`cm gaH$ma V`ma Zmhr.

Oå‘y-H$mí‘ranmgyZ XoeâmVë`m Aëng§»`mH$ AmV§H$dmÚm§{df`r g§nwAmgaH$maMr ^y{‘H$m ‘dmi hmoV Amho. ho AmV§H$dmXr {Xdg|{Xdg MT>Ë`mloUrZo ‘Z‘mZr H$arV AmhoV Ë`mcm g§nwAmVrc AZwZ`dmÚm§Mm nmqR>~m Amho.

ZonmiÀ`m gahÔrnmgyZ Vo Am§Y« àXoen`ªV ZúmcdmXr Am{U ‘mAmodmXr`m§Zr IyZ, cwQ>mcyQ>, ~cmËH$ma, AnhaU `m§Mm Yw‘mHy$i ‘m§S>cm Amho.S>mì`m njm§À`m XS>nUmImcr g§nwAm gaH$ma `m~Ôchr ~moQ>Mono YmoaU KoVAmho. ZúmcdmÚm§V H$moUr VéU AmXe©dmXr AmhoV Ë`m§À`mer ~mocUr H$ê$Z,Ë`m§Mr g‘OyV H$mTy>Z Ë`m§Zm XoemÀ`m ‘Ü`àdmhmV AmUUoM `mo½` amhrcAer "g§nwAm'Mr ^y{‘H$m Amho. ZúmcdmXr AmVm ~o‘yd©VImoanUo eóo ZQ>mH$Vm ~mocUr H$aÊ`mÀ`m AQ>r KmcVmV, g§nwAm gaH$mao Ë`m§À`mnwT>o ‘mZ


gÎmmdrg

eoVH$s‘§Í¶m§Mo "eoVH$è¶m§Zm, Mco Omd'

"gmoS>m' `m eãXm‘wio Agoc; nU ndmagmho~m§Mm "eoVH$è`m§Zmo, eoVrgmoS>m' hm g„m EoHy$Z ‘cm AmR>dU Pmcr Vr nw. c. Xoenm§So> `m§À`m"~Q>mQ>çmMr Mmi'‘Yrc CndmgmÀ`m H$WoMr. Cndmg H$am`cm ~gcoë`mn§Vm§Zm H$moUr H$mhr Va H$moUr H$mhr gmoS>m Agm g„m XoVmo. H$moUr åhUo ^mVgmoS>m, H$moUr åhUo ~Q>mQ>o gmoS>m, H$moUr åhUo gmIa gmoS>m, H$moUr åhUo ZmoH$argmoS>m Am{U eodQ>r, "ZmoH$ar gmoS>m'. `m gëë`m‘mJo n§Vm§À`m {hVmMm {dMmaZgyZ n§Vm§Zr ZmoH$ar gmoS>ë`mg MmirVrc Ë`m§Mr OmJm Imcr hmoD$Z Vr OmJmAmnë`mcm {‘iÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho Agm g„m XoUmè`mMm hoVy Agmdm Aer{Q>nUr ñdV: nw. c. Xoenm§So> H$aVmV.

ndmagmho~ H$mhr ‘ZmV òB©c Vgo ~mocUmao ZmhrV; ‘moR>o YmoaUr,amOH$maUYwa§Ya ZoVo åhUyZ Ë`m§Mr »`mVr Amho. Vo ~mocVmV Vo Ë`m§À`m‘ZmVyZM ~mocVmV, ~wÕrcm nQ>coco AgVo åhUyZM ~mocVmV Agohr Zmhr.B{Vhmg Ago gm§JVmo H$s, Ë`mÀ`m ‘mJo Ë`m§Mo H$mhr {ZpíMV YmoaU AgVo.AmOhr Ë`m§À`m ~mocÊ`mV H$mhr coMonooMonUm {Xgcm Var Vmo Ë`m§Zr OmUrdnyd©H$R>odcocm AgVmo Am{U nwT>o‘mJo, amOH$maUmÀ`m IoirV Ë`mMm Cn`moJ Amnë`mcmìhmdm `mMr AQ>H$i Ë`m§Zr ~m§YyZ R>odcocr AgVo.

"eoVH$è`m§Zmo, eoVr gmoS>m' `m gëë`m‘mJo Ë`m§Mo H$m` YmoaU Agy eH$Vo?eoVH$ar, eoVr nadS>V Zgë`m‘wio ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda AmË‘hË`m H$arV AmhoVAm{U Ë`mMo gd© {H$Q>mi Amnë`m A§Jmda òV Amho; eoVH$è`m§Zr eoVrH$am`Mo gmoSy>Z {Xë`mg Ë`§Zr Ho$coë`m AmË‘hË`m m eoVH$è`m§À`m AmË‘hË`mR>aUma ZmhrV Am{U Ë`mMo ~mc§Q> eoVH$sImË`mda qH$dm ‘§Ìmc`mda òUmaZmhr `m YmoaUmZo H$Xm{MV Ë`m§Zr "eoVH$è`m§Zmo, eoVr gmoS>m' Agm g„m {Xcm

XmoKmVhr Zmhr - Aem n[apñWVrV nwT>Mr dmQ>Mmc H$er H$amdr `mMm {ZU©`ñdV: eoVH$è`m§ZmM H$am`Mm Amho.

eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmMr dmQ>Mmc ‘moR>r H$R>rUM Pmcr; nU ~{iamOmÀ`mH¥$noZo AmOn`ªV dmMyZ am{hcr. "~M|Jo Vmo Am¡a ^r cS|>Jo', gd© eoVH$è`m§Mr‘m` eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm. {Vcm Mm¡’o$a doT>Umè`m eÌy§nmgyZ dmMdm`Mo H$go hmWmoS>Š`mV àý Amho. nwÝhm EH$Xm g§KQ>Zm OrdKoÊ`m g§H$Q>mV gmnS>cr Amho.eoVrda nmoQ> âUmè`m Am{U gÝ‘mZmZo OJy BpÀN>Umè`m gd© eoVH$è`m§Zm ho{Z‘§ÌU åhUOo ‘XVrg YmdyZ òÊ`mMr hmH$ Amho.

(eoVH$ar g§KQ>H$, 6 OmZodmar 2005)


EdT>çmZo O‘co Zmhr, H$maU XwYmcm ^md Zmhr, Va ‘J eoVH$è`m§Zr H$m|~S>çmnmimì`m Ago gm§JyZ Pmco. JmB©åher nmiyZ, H$m|~S>çm nmiyZhr O‘co ZmhrVa ~H$è`m nmim, Sw>H$ao nmim, eodQ>r ’$i~mJm H$am Ago gJio H$mhr gm§JyZPmco; nU eoVH$è`mMm ‘w»` Y§Xm Am{U XoemMr gdm©V ‘moR>r JaO åhUOoAÞYmÝ` CËnmXZ H$aUo, Vo H$ê$Z eoVH$ar OJy H$m eH$V Zmhr `mMmCcJS>m‘mÌ Ë`m§Zr H$Yr Ho$cm Zmhr.

eoVH$è`m§Zr eoVr gmoS>mdr `m gëë`m‘mJo AmUIr EH$ YmoaU Agy eH$Vo.Xoe AÞYmÝ`mÀ`m ~m~VrV ñdmdc§~r ìhmdm, naXoemVyZ Am`mV ’$maer H$ê$Zò, eŠ`Vmo {Z`m©Vhr H$ê$ Zò Aem VèhoMo YmoaU Zohê$§À`m g‘mOdmXrH$mimV am~dÊ`mV Amco. Ë`m‘wio, Xoe A{YH$m{YH$ J[a~rVM ~wS>V Jocm.`mCcQ>, Amnë`m H$V¥©Ëdmcm BWo H$mhr dmd Zmhr ho nmhÿZ Xoe gmoSy>ZnaXoemV Jocoë`m ^maVr`m§Zr Ë`m§À`m H$V¥©ËdmZo, YS>mS>rZo Am{U kmZmÀ`mVmH$Xrda gJù`m OJmV ñWmZ {‘idco. EdT>oM Zìho Va, Vo qhXwñWmZÀ`mAm{W©H$ {dH$mgmMo à‘wI gmYZ ~Zco. ho cjmV KoVm, XoemV amhÿZ XoemMo^co hmoÊ`mnojm XoemÀ`m ~mhoa OmD$Z XoemMo OmñV ^co hmoD$ eH$Vo AgmgdmªMmM AZw^d Amho. Ë`mM CXmhamUmà‘mUo eoVH$è`m§Zr eoVr gmoS>ë`mg,H$Xm{MV, eoVrMo OmñV ^co hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho Aer ndmagmho~m§À`m‘ZmVrc H$ënZm Agy eH$Vo. `m H$ënZo‘mJohr H$mhr VÏ` Amho.

qhXwñWmZmVrc OdiOdi gd©M eoVH$ar ho Ho$di Ë`m§À`m dmS>d{S>cm§ZrË`m§À`m S>moŠ`mda O‘rZ gmoS>cr åhUyZ ~iO~arZo eoVr H$er~er AmoT>VAm`wî` H§$R>VmV. {Xdg|{Xdg eoVrMo ñdê$n ~XcV Joco. KaMo {~`mUo,KaMr IVo‘wVo, KaMr Am¡fYo, JmdmVrcM Am¡Omao ho g§nyZ ~mhoaMr {dH$VKoVcocr {~`mUr, {dH$V KoVcocr amgm`{ZH$ IVo d Am¡fYo, H$maImZXmarVrc`§Ìo `m§Mr eoVr Amcr. Ho$di ñdmdc§~Zr eoVr Z amhVm qhXwñWmZÀ`mOZVocm AÞYmÝ`, OiU `m§Mm nwadR>m ìhmdm `mH$[aVm eoVr hmoD$ cmJcrAm{U VarXoIrc, eoVH$ar VmoM am{hcm.

AmVm ZdrZ O¡{dH$ {~`mUr Amcr AmhoV. Ho$di XoemH$[aVm eoVrH$am`Mr Zmhr Va OJm‘Üò Á`m Á`m ‘mcmMo CËnmXZ Amncm Xoe A{YH${H$’$m`VeranUo H$ê$ eH$Vmo Ë`m Ë`m ‘mcmMo CËnmXZ H$aÊ`mMo AmìhmZeoVH$è`m§nwT>o Cô am{hco Amho. Ë`mM~amo~a, OmJ{VH$ CîUVm‘mZmÀ`m dmT>r‘wioqhXwñWmZgma»`m CîU H${Q>~§YmVrc Xoem‘Üò AÞYmÝ`mMo CËnmXZ {H$Vr

Agoc; nU "‘wimV eoVr VmoQ>çmMr Amho' Ago dmŠ` H$mhr Ë`m§À`m ‘wImVyZ{ZKmco Zmhr. `mCcQ>, H$mhr H$mimnydu, Ë`m§Zr "eoVr ’$m`ÚmMr AgVo;Amnë`m ~mam‘VrÀ`m eoVrV AmnU AR>am EH$am§V AR>am cmImMo CËnÞH$mT>Vmo' Ago gm§{JVco hmoVo. Ë`m§Mo ho åhUUo Iao Agoc Va eoVr H$erH$amdr `m~Ôc eoVH$è`m§Zm g„m XoD$Z ~mam‘Vrcm AmnU Amnë`m eoVrVH$moUVr Am{U {H$Vr IVo Am¡fYo dmnaVmo, H$moUVr {~`mUr dmnaVmo Am{UH$m` {H$‘`m H$aVmo H$s Á`m‘wio Amnë`mcm Xa EH$ar EH$ cmI énò ’$m`Xm{‘iy eH$Vmo `mMo ahñ` eoVH$è`m§Zm CcJSy>Z XmI{dco AgVo Va,"eoVH$è`m§Zmo, eoVr gmoS>m' Agm g„m XoÊ`mMr doi Ë`m§À`mda Amcr ZgVr.

~ao, "eoVH$è`m§Zr eoVr gmoS>mdr' Agm g„m XoVmZm {H$Vr eoVH$è`m§ZreoVr gmoS>mdr `mMm H$mhr Ë`m§Zr C„oI Ho$cocm Zmhr. gd©M eoVH$è`m§Zr eoVrgmoS>mdr Ago gm§{JVco Var Vo EoH$Uma ZmhrV Am{U Ë`m§Zr Vo EoH$co VaXoemVrc gd© cmoH$m§Mo nmoQ> H$go âmdo `mg§~§YrMr H$mhr VaVyX Ë`m§Zr`mo{Ocr Agoc Va Ë`m§Zr gm§Jm`cm nm{hOo hmoVr. Vgo Ë`m§Zr H$mhr gm§{JVcocoZmhr.

`mncrH$So>, eoVH$è`m§Zr eoVr gmoSy>Z Úmdr Va ‘J eoVH$s ‘§Ìmc`mMoà`moOZ H$m` CaVo? eoVH$è`m§Zr eoVH$s Oer Jw§S>miyZ R>odm`Mr VgoMeoVH$s ‘§Ìmc`hr Jw§S>miyZ R>odco nm{hOo Agm H$mhr C„oI Ë`m§Zr Ho$cocmZmhr. CcQ>, eoVH$s ‘§Ìmc`mMo A§XmOnÌH$s ñWmZ {Q>Hy$Z H$go amhrc EdT>oMZìho Va, Vo dmT>oc H$go `mMmM {dMma Vo H$aVmZm {XgVmV.

ndmagmho~ eoVH$s‘§Ìr Pmco Voìhm ‘hmamï´>mVrc ehamoehar, JmdmoJmdr,añVmoañVr Im§~mIm§~m§da "eoVH$è`m§Mm OmUVm ZoVm eoVH$s‘§Ìr Pmcm' AemOm{hamVr ’$S>H$ë`m hmoË`m. eoVH$è`m§Mm OmUVm ZoVm eoVH$s‘§Ìr Pmcm Am{UJoë`m VrZ dfmªV, qhXwñWmZmVrc eoVH$è`m§‘Üò, Z¡amí`mnmoQ>r d¡’$ë`mZoAmË‘hË`m H$aÊ`mMr EH$M cmQ> Cgicr Am{U eodQ>r, gmho~M AmVm"eoVH$è`m§Zmo, eoVr gmoS>m' Agm g„m XoD$ cmJco AmhoV; nU ho gm§JVmZmhr Aer doi H$m Amcr, eoVr VmoQ>çmMr H$m Pmcr, eoVH$ar H$O©~mOmar H$mPmcm ho gm§Jm`Mr VgXr H$mhr Ë`m§Zr KoVcocr Zmhr.

Vgo, "eoVr gmoS>m' hm g„m eaX ndma Am{U Ë`m§Mo gmWrXma eoVH$è`m§ZmAZoH$ df} XoVM AmhoV. n{hë`m§Xm, eoVr O‘V Zgoc Va eoVH$è`m§Zr JmB©nmimì`m, åher nmimì`m, Xw½Yì`dgm` H$amdm Agm g„m XoD$Z Pmcm.


H$arV gd©Ì amï´>r` J«m‘rU amoOJma h‘r `moOZm Mmcy Ho$cr Amho. gd©eoVH$è`m§Zr AmVm `mnwT>o amoOJma h‘rÀ`m H$m‘mda Omdo Ago Ë`m§À`m ‘ZmVAgco Var Vgo gmho~m§Zr ~mocyZ XmI{dcoco Zmhr. `mncrH$So>, g§nwAmgaH$maMm "^maV {Z‘m©U'Mm Omo H$mhr ì`mnH$ Am{U ^ì` H$m`©H«$‘ Amho Ë`mH$m`©H«$‘mMo H$m` hmoUma, eoVH$è`m§Zr eoVr gmoS>cr Va "^maV {Z‘m©U'H$moUmH$[aVm H$am`Mm `mMmhr Iwcmgm gmho~m§À`m dMZmV H$moR>ohr òV Zmhr.

eoVH$è`m§Zr H$m` H$amdo ho gm§{JVco Zmhr, Ë`mnojm "eoVr gmoS>m' hogm§JUo gmono Amho; nU eoVr ~§X nS>cr qH$dm ~hþg§»` eoVH$è`m§Zr eoVr{nH${dÊ`mMo ~§X Ho$co, {deofV: AÞYmÝ`mÀ`m eoVH$è`m§Zr eoVr {nH${dUo~§X Ho$co Va ‘J Am‘ ZmJ[aH$m§Zr Im`Mo H$m`, ë`m`Mo H$m`, MwcrVOmim`Mo H$m` `mMo CÎma gmho~m§Zr Úm`Mo Q>mico Amho. Ë`mMo H$maUhrg‘OÊ`mgmaIo Amho. H$maU Agmo qH$dm Zgmo, J«mhH$m§À`m gmo`rgmR>r Am`mVH$aUo gaH$maMo H$V©ì` Amho ho gmho~m§Zr AZoH$doim {ZjyZ Omhra Ho$cocoAmho. Voìhm, AÞYmÝ`mMr Am`mVVa AmnU H$aVmoM AmhmoV; Ë`mncrH$So>,XwYmMr, H$mngmMr, ’$i’$imdirMr - gJù`mgJù`mMr Am`mV H$aUoH$mhr AeŠ` Zmhr. Aem n[apñWVr‘Üò, h[aV H«$m§VrÀ`m AmYr, AemoH$‘ohVm `m§Zr A‘o[aHo$cm ôQ> XoD$Z gJù`m OJm‘Üò AÞYmÝ` {H$Vr ñdñVAm{U ‘w~cH$ CncãY Amho ho nmhÿZ qhXwñWmZcm Amnë`m eoVrH$So> H$mhrH$mi gX²~wÕrZo Xwc©j (Benign neglect) Ho$ë`mg MmcÊ`mgmaIo Amho AgoË`m§À`m AhdmcmV åhQ>co hmoVo. AemoH$ ‘ohVm§Z§Va gmho~ ho Xwgao ehmUo!"eoVr gmoS>m' ho gm§JUo H$m` Am{U AemoH$ ‘ohVm§À`m eãXm§V (Benign

neglect) H$am åhUyZ gm§JUo H$m` - XmoKm§Mm VÏ`m§e VmoM.eoVH$è`m§Zm eoVrVyZ H$mT>Ê`mV gmho~m§Mm Iam hoVy H$m` Amho? gmho~m§À`m

AmgnmgMo Ë`m§À`m njmVrc cmoH$ ‘hmamï´>mVrc AZoH$ {Oëøm§‘Üò doJdoJù`mnÕVtZr O{‘Zr Vmã`mV KoV AmhoV ho gd©lwVM Amho. H$moUË`m Zm H$moUË`m{Z`‘mImcr O{‘Zr AS>dm`À`m, Ë`m AS>coë`m O{‘ZtMo ^md nS>co H$s ‘JË`m O{‘Zr {dH$V ¿`m`À`m Am{U Z§Va Amnco gaH$mar, amOH$s` dOZdmnê$Z Ë`m AS>MUr d AS>Wio Xya H$ê$Z Amnë`m O{‘ZtMr {H$_V dmT>dyZ¿`m`Mr hm "^yI§S>' CÚmoJ H$m±J«ogMo cmoH$ Am{U, Ë`mVë`m Ë`mV gmho~m§À`mnjmMo cmoH$ ’$ma ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda Ho$ìhmnmgyZ H$arV AmhoV. AmVm gJù`meoVH$è`m§Zm "eoVr gmoS>m' åhUyZ gm§{JVco åhUOo gmh{OH$M eoVH$è`m§À`m

H$mi Mmcy eHo$c `m~Ôchr e§H$m {Z‘m©U Pmcr Amho. H$Xm{MV, H$mhrXeH$m§V AÞYmÝ`mMo CËnmXZ ho Ho$di ‘Ü`‘ CîUVm‘mZmÀ`m àXoemV qH$dmË`mhrnojm g¡~o[a`mgma»`m W§S> àXoemVM hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho. Aemn[apñWVr‘Üò, qhXwñWmZmVrc eoVH$è`m§Zm dmT>Ë`m CîUVm‘mZmÀ`m g§H$Q>mcmVm|S> XoÊ`mH$[aVm cmJUmar d¡km{ZH$ V`mar òWrc eoVremók H$ê$ eH$VrcAer H$mhr cjUo {XgV ZmhrV. "AÞYmÝ`mda à{H«$`m hmoV Zmhr, hmoV Zmhr;à{H«$`m Pmcr nm{hOo, eoVrCÚmoJ dmT>co nm{hOoV' Ago åhUVm åhUVm AY}eVH$ CcQ>co Am{U doi Aer Amcr H$s, eoVr‘mcmda à{H«$`m H$ê$Z Ë`mMrgmR>dUyH$ H$aÊ`mH$[aVm Oo H$mhr erVH$aUmMo V§ÌkmZ AmOn`ªV CncãYhmoVo Vohr AmVm H$mc~mø hmoD$ cmJco Amho. `mnwT>o eoVr ìhmdr H$er?XwYmMr H«$m§Vr g§H$[aV JmBªÀ`m AmYmamZo Pmcr Am{U Ë`m‘wio ‘{U^mBªgma»`m§MrIyn hdmhr Pmcr; nU `m g§H$[aV JmB© XmoZMma A§em§Zr CîUVm‘mZ dmT>coVar {Q>Hy$Z amhV ZmhrV; Ë`m§Mo Xw½YmoËnmXZ W§S>mdVo. Aem n[apñWVrV,OJmÀ`m dmT>Ë`m CîUVm‘mZm‘wio, XwYmÀ`m H«$m§Vrcmhr ‘moR>m AS>Wim òUmaAmho. Voìhm AmVm eoVH$è`m§Zr H$amdo H$go `mMo CÎmahr gaH$maH$So> Zmhr.Ë`m‘wio, ho CÎma gmnSo>n`ªV eoVH$è`m§Zr eoVr gmoS>mdr ho OmñV Mm§JcoAgmhr gwknUmMm {dMma gmho~m§Zm gwMcm Agmdm.

'eoVH$è`m§Zmo, eoVr gmoS>m' Ago gm§JVmZm eoVH$s ‘§Ìmc` ~§X H$am Agogmho~m§Zr gm§{JVco Zmhr. VgoM, AmVm eoVrer g§~§{YV ghH$mar g§ñWmhr~§X H$am, ghH$mar ~±H$mhr ~§X H$am Agmhr g„m gmho~m§Zr {Xcocm Zmhr.Ë`mVhr EH$ ‘moR>o YmoaU Amho. eoVrV Oar H$mhr {ZKV Zgco VargwÕmghH$mamÀ`m Y§Úm‘Üò CX§S> H$mhr {‘iVo Am{U Ë`mVyZM nwT>mè`m§Mr n¡XmghmoVo ho gmho~m§Zm Mm§Jco R>mD$H$ Amho Am{U ghH$mamMo joÌ Oa H$‘Omoa PmcoVa ‘J Amnë`m amOH$maUmcm ‘hmamï´>mV ñWmZ amhUma Zmhr Am{U Amnë`mcmhrg~§Y XoemV H$mhr ñWmZ amhUma Zmhr `mMrhr gmho~m§Zm Mm§Jë`mn¡H$s OmUrdAmho. Ë`m‘wio gmh{OH$M EH$m ~mOycm "eoVr gmoS>m' Agm g„m eoVH$è`m§ZmXoVmZm ghH$mamÀ`m nwZ~mªYUrH$[aVm Am{U ‘O~wVrH$[aVm hOmamo H$moQ>r én`m§MrXm¡cV, {X„r I{OZm cwQy>Z, gmho~ ‘hmamï´>mV Am{U BVa amÁ`m§‘Üò ghH$marg§ñWm§À`m ‘XVrH$[aVm dmhÿZ AmUV AmhoV.

eoVr gmoS>m Am{U H$am H$m` `mMm g„m ‘mÌ gmho~m§Zr AOyZ Zo‘H$m{Xcocm Zmhr. Ë`m§À`m g§`wº$ nwamoJm‘r AmKmS>rÀ`m gaH$maZo ‘moR>m JmOmdmOm


AÇ>mdrg

eoVH$è¶m§À¶m ~§S>mMo dmXi Km|JmdVo Amho

eoVH$è`m§À`m Ag§VmofmMo T>J Jmoim hmoD$ cmJco AmhoV Am{U cdH$aMT>J’w$Q>r hmoD$Z eoVH$è`m§Mm H$O©~mOmarnUm Am{U AZoH$ df} Vo gmogV AmcocmOwcy‘ Ë`mV dmhÿZ OmUma AmhoV. Á`m§Mo S>moio CKSo> AmhoV Ë`m§Zm eoVH$è`m§À`m`m An[ahm © ~§S>mMr {MÝho ñnï> {XgV AmhoV.

Ooìhm gd© cmoH$ 2008 gmcmMo ñdmJV H$arV hmoVo Ë`mdoir XoeâmVrccmIâ eoVH$ar hOmamo eoVH$è`m§À`m AmË‘hË`m§Mm S>mJ A§Jmda ~miJV AñVnmdUmè`m 2007 `m KmVdfm©cm AIoaMm {Zamon XoV hmoVo. àVrH$mË‘H$ {ZamonåhUyZ Ë`m§Zr Amncr H$Om©g§~§Yr H$mJXnÌo g‘wÐmV ~wS>dcr Am{U 2008gmcmMo ñdmJV H$aVmZm Zddfm©À`m AIoan`ªV dfm©ZwdfmªÀ`m Amnë`mH$O©~mOmarnUmMm A§V H$aÊ`mMr à{Vkm Ho$cr. eoVH$è`m§Zm AmVm ‘Zmo‘ZnQ>co Amho H$s Ë`m§À`mdarc H$O} hr AZ¡{VH$ Am{U ~oH$m`Xoerahr AmhoV;ñdmV§Í`moÎma H$mimVrc B§{S> m gaH$maÀ`m eoVH$ar{damoYr YmoaUm§‘wioM Ë`m§À`mdarcH$Om©Mm ~moOm dmT>V Jocm Amho.

31 {S>go§~a 2007 amoOr XoemVrc eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm§À`m ApIc ^maVr`{H$gmZ g‘Ýd` g{‘VrÀ`m AmdmhZmcm à{VgmX XoD$Z XoeâmVrc eoVH$arñÌr-nwéf, Aa~r g‘wÐ qhXr ‘hmgmJamcm OoWo {‘iVmo, lram‘mZo amdUmdarcMT>mB© Á`m YZwîH$moS>rnmgyZ gwê$ Ho$cr VoWyZ OdiM Agcoë`m am‘oœa oWoJmoim Pmco Am{U Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m H$Om©g§~§YrMo H$mJXnÌ g‘wX«mV ~wS>{dcoAm{U XoeâmVrc eoVH$ar H$O©‘wŠV Pmë`mMo Kmo{fV Ho$co.

am‘oœa oWo O‘m Pmcoco eoVH$ar, AZ¡{VH$ d ~oH$m`Xoera H$Om©{déÕ Jocrn§Mdrg df} Mmccoë`m cT>çmV gVV nam^d nËH$amdm cmJë`mZo, hdmc{XcPmco hmoVo. nmd eVH$ Ë`m§Zr Ë`m§À`m{déÕ Ho$cm OmUmam njnmV Am{U Ë`m‘wio

‘ZmV EH$ K~amQ> V`ma hmoUma Am{U Mm§Jcr {nH$Vr’$iVr eoVrMr O‘rZ{‘ioc Ë`m {H$_VrV {dHy$Z Q>mH$m`Mr Ë`m§Mr V`mar hmoUma. Aem VèhoZoeoVr ~§X Pmë`mZo ‘moH$ir nS>cocr O‘rZ ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda AmnU Vmã`mVKoD$ eHy$ Am{U AmVm Amho Ë`mhrnojm ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV, àËòH$ {OëømVhOmamo EH$a O‘rZ Amnë`m ghH$mè`m§À`m ‘mcH$sMr Pmcr qH$dm Ë`m§À`mVmã`mV Amcr åhUOo ‘J {X„rcm amÁ` H$moU H$aVmo Am{U ‘w§~B©cm amÁ`H$moU H$aVmo `mcm ‘hÎd Z amhVm hr O‘rZXmar H$moUmH$So> Amho `mdaM eodQ>ramOH$maUmMo a§J R>ê$ cmJVrc.

"eoVr gmoS>m' ho gm§JÊ`mV gmho~m§Mm hoVy H$m` hmoVm ho gm§JUo IamoIaH$R>rU Amho. eoVH$ar hm dmS>d{S>cm{O©V O‘rZ {‘imë`m‘wio O~aXñVrZoeoVH$ar Pmcm Amho. eoVr nadS>V Zmhr, H$O©~mOmarnUm òVmo Am{U Ë`mVyZàmU XoÊ`mMr doi òVo. Ë`m‘wio, Ë`mcm `m eoVrÀ`m nmemVyZ gmoS>{dë`mgAm{U Á`m BVa H$moUmcm, Oo eoVH$ar KamV OÝ‘coco ZmhrV nU Á`m§Zm eoVrH$aÊ`mMr hm¡g Amho, AmdS> Amho, Á`m§À`m R>m`r ì`dñWmnZmMo H$m¡eëÀmho, AmOÀ`m eoVrÀ`m V§ÌkmZmMr ‘moR>r OmUH$mar Amho Am{U Amdí`H$VodT>m ^m§S>dcmMm nwadR>mhr Amho Aer ‘§S>ir eoVrV Amë`mg qhXwñWmZmVrceoVH$è`mMr "’$mQ>Ho$ YmoVa Zogcocm, H§$Jmc, {Zaja, AmOmar' Aer à{V‘mZ amhVm AmYw{ZH$ eoVH$ar qhXwñWmZmVrc eoVr am~dy eHo$c hm ^mJ doJim;na§Vw eoVH$è`m§Zm "eoVr gmoS>m' Agm g„m XoVmZm Aer H$ënZm gmho~m§À`m‘ZmV Agoc Ago H$mhr {XgV Zmhr. Vgo AgVo Va Vo Ë`m§Zr ñnï>nUogm§{JVco AgVo. Ë`m§À`m ‘m§S>Ur‘Üò H$moUVr ñnï>Vm AgÊ`mnojm Jm|YiA{YH$ Amho. Ë`mVyZ {ZînÞ H$m` ìhm`Mo Vo hmodmo. EdT>o ‘mÌ Z¸$s H$s,gÜ`m {deof Am{W©H$ joÌ åhUOo ñnoec BH$m°Zm°{‘H$ PmoZ Am{U O‘rZg§nmXZmÀ`m H$MmQ>çmV AmYrM gmnS>coë`m eoVH$è`m§Zm AmUIr EH$ ‘moR>rOI‘ hmoB©c Am{U Ë`m OI‘o‘wio gmho~m§À`m ghH$mè`m§Zm O{‘Zr KemVKmcUo A{YH$ gmono hmoB©c.



AO© âmdoV Am{U gaH$mar YmoaUm‘wioM Am‘Mm Y§Xm ~w{S>V Amho Ago {gÕH$ê$Z ¿`mdo Ago Am§XmocZ gwê$ H$aÊ`mV Amco. eoVr‘mcmMm CËnmXZIM©^ê$Z {ZKmdm BVH$mhr ^md eoVr‘mcmcm {‘iV Zmhr Ë`m‘wio àm‘m{UH$nUo{Zìdi eoVr H$ê$Z H$O©’o$S> H$aUo AeŠ` Amho, Oo eoVH$ar åhUdUmao H$O©’o$S>H$aVmV Vo H$mhr J¡a‘mJm©Zo ham‘mMr H$‘mB© H$arV AgUma ho ‘Zmo‘Z nQ>coë`mcjmdYr eoVH$è`m§Zr "‘r H$O©~mOmar eoVH$ar Amho `mMm ‘cm A{^‘mZ Amho'Ago VmR> ‘mZoZo åhUV ZmXmar AO© âco. Ë`m§À`m àH$aUm§Zr gd© {OëhmÝ`m`mc o VwSw>§~ ^ê$Z Jocr. {Oëøm{Oëøm§V àH$aUo C^r amhÿ cmJcr. Vr ‘w§~B©Cƒ Ý`m`mc`mV Jocr. eodQ>r, gdm}ƒ Ý`m`mc`mH$Sy>Z "ZmXmar AO© Omon ªVàc§{~V AmhoV Vmon ªV H$O©dgwcr H$aÊ`mV oD$ Z o' Agm {ZU© {‘i{dÊ`mVeoVH$ar g§KQ>Zocm è Amco.

1990 _Ü o {dídZmW àVmnqgJ n§VàYmZ Pmco. eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo Am`mo{OVHo$coë`m ’w$co-Am§~oS>H$a {dMma`mÌoÀ`m g‘mamon g‘ma§ mV ZmJnya oWo ñdV:n§VàYmZm§Zr KmofUm Ho$cr H$s, "gd© eoVH$ar H$O©‘wº$ hmoVrc. Ë`m§À`m H$Om©Mra¸$‘ hOmamo H$moQ>rMr Agoc Va ^maVmÀ`m n§VàYmZmÀ`m dMZmMrhr H$mhr{H§$_V Amho.' XwX£dmZo, Ë`m§À`m AmKmS>r emgZmÀ`m amOH$maUmV ho dMZ nwaoPmco Zmhr. {dídZmW àVmnqgJ ‘mJmgdJu`m§Mo Zdo ‘hmË‘m hmoÊ`mÀ`m ZmXrcmJco; gd© eoVH$è`m§Zm H$Om©VyZ gagH$Q> Xhm hOma én`m§Mr gyQ> VodT>r{‘imcr. Ë`mÀ`mhr A§‘c~OmdUrV ~±H$m§Mo A{YH$mar, nXm{YH$mar Am{UnwT>mar `m§ZrM Amnco hmV YwD$Z KoVco Am{U eoVH$è`m§À`m Vm|S>mg nmZo nwgcr.

1990 _Ü o OmJ{VH$ ì`mnma g§ñWog§~§YrÀ`m XñVmdoOmVM, H|$Ð gaH$maZoeoVH$è`m§Zm AãOmdYr én`m§Zm ~wS>{dë`mMm g‚mS> nwamdm hmVr Amcm. "gaH$maZoeoVH$è`m§À`m àË oH$ ‘mcmda cmXcoë`m CUo g~{gS>rÀ`m H$maUmZo eoVH$è`m§MohOmamo H$moQ>r én`m§Mo ZwH$gmZ Pmco' Ago åhQ>ë`mZo eoVH$è`m§Zm ’$magm AW©~moYhmoV Zmhr. Ë`m‘wio, CUo g~{gS>rMm àËòH$ eoVH$è`mÀ`m CËnÞmda {H$Vrn[aUm‘ Pmcm `mMr AmH$So>dmar g§JUH$mÀ`m AmYmamZo H$mTy>Z 1984 Vo 1993`m Xhm dfmªÀ`m H$mcmdYrVrc Ë`mÀ`m ZwH$gmZrMo à‘mUnÌ Ë`mcm XoÊ`mVAmco. hr à‘mUnÌo H$mhr {R>H$mUr Ý`m`mc`mV gmXahr Pmcr; nU H$moUË`mhrÝ`m`mc`mZo eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m O~m~Xma ì`º$s¨Zm gmjrgmR>r ~mocmdÊ`mMrVgXr KoVcr Zmhr.

lr.eaX Omoer `m§À`m AÜ`jVoImcrc H¥$fr H$m`©~cmZo Amnë`m

Ë`m§Mr Pmcocr XwamdñWm Xoemg‘moa d OJmg‘moa ‘m§S>Ê`mMm à`ËZ AZoH$‘mJmªZr Ho$cm. XwX£dmZo 1995 nmgyZ XrS> cmI eoVH$è`m§À`m Pmcoë`mAmË‘hË`m§Zrhr gd©g‘mdoeH$ AW©ì`dñWoMr eoIr {‘adUmè`m gaH$maMrgXgX²{ddoH$ ~wÕr OmJr Pmcr Zmhr.

eodQ>r, 31 {S>g|~a 2007 amoOr n§Om~, h[a`mUm, CÎma àXoe, ~w§XocI§S>,‘Ü` àXoe, JwOamV, ‘hmamï>, Am§Y« àXoe, H$Zm©Q>H$, Vm{‘iZmSy>, Ho$ai `mamÁ`m§Vrc hOmamo hdmc{Xc eoVH$ar àdmgmVrc AZoH$ AS>MUr, nmo{cg Am{Uaoëdo A{YH$mè`m§H$Sy>Z Pmcocm N>i gmogV am‘oœa oWo nmohmoMco, Ë`m§Zr AmncoH$Om©g§§~§Yr XñVmdoO g‘wÐmV ~wS>dco Am{U eoVH$è`m§Zm AZ¡{VH$ d ~oH$m`XoeraH$Om©À`m ~moOmVyZ ‘wŠV H$aÊ`mgmR>r 1984 nmgyZ gwê$ Ho$coë`m d¡Y ‘mJm©À`mcT>çmMm Ë`m§Zr eodQ> Ho$cm.

eoVH$è`m§Zr Ho$coë`m `m cT>çmVrc R>iH$ Q>ßno nwT>rcà‘mUo gm§JVm oVrc.eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo eoVH$è`m§darc H$Om©À`m ~moOmÀ`m àíZmcm hmV 1984

gmcÀ`m naÛr A{YdoeZmVM KmVcm; H$m§Xm, D$g, XyY, ^mV Aem EHo$H$meoVr‘mcmÀ`m CËnmXZIMm©da AmYm[aV amñV ^mdm§À`m Am§XmocZm§À`m e¥§Icm§ZreoVH$è`m§À`m Xm[aÐçmMm Am{U Xw:ImMm A§V hmoUma Zmhr. "eoVH$è`m§Zr eoVmV{~`mUo H$moUVohr noaco Var Ë`mÀ`m nXar nrH$ oVo Vo gd©Xya H$Om©MoM' hm{gÕm§V ‘m§S>cm Jocm; eoVH$è`m§Mr gd© H$O} ~oH$m`XoeraM Zìho Va AZ¡{VH$hrAmhoV `mMm H$mJXmonÌr g‚mS> nwamdm XoD$Z "H$a H$Om© Zht X|Jo' Aer KmofUmXoD$Z 1984 _Ü oM eoVH$è`m§Mr "H$O©‘wº$s' dmñVdmV AmUÊ`mMr KmofUmHo$cr. n§Om~‘Yrc eoVH$è`m§Zr 1984 _ÜòM Mm¡è`mE|er cj `moZtÀ`m~oS>çm§VyZ ‘wº$ hmoÊ`mMr à{Vkm Ho$cr.

gd©M eoVH$è`m§Zm H$O©dgwcr A{YH$mè`m§À`m XS>nemhrg Vm|S> XoVm oVZmhr. m{edm`, ‘hmamï>, JwOamV m§gma»`m amÁ`m§V H¥${f CËnÞ ~mOma g{‘VrÀ`mH$m`ÚmVrc H$c‘ 48 (A) AÝd o eoVr‘mcmÀ`m {dH«$sÀ`m aH$‘oVyZ nañnaMH$O©dgwcr Ho$cr OmVo ho cjmV KoVm "H$Om© Zht X|Jo' `m Am§XmocZmncrH$So>OmD$Z eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo Ý`m`mc`rZ cT>mB©Mr KmofUm 14 E{àc 1988 amoOrOiJmd òWo â{dcoë`m N>ÌnVr {edmOr ‘hmamO Am{U S>m°. ~m~mgmho~Am§~oS>H$a `m§À`m "g§`wº$ O`§Vr ‘oimì`m'V H$aÊ`mV Amcr. ~w{S>V Y§XmH$aUmao BVa ì`mdgm{`H$ Ý`m`mc`mV ZmXmarMo AO© ^ê$Z ‘moH$io hmoVmV Am{UnwÝhm Xwgè`m CÚmoJmV C o amhVmV. Ë`mMà‘mUo, eoVr ì`mdgm{`H$m§Zrhr ZmXmar


EH$moUVrg

H$O©‘m’$s Am{U gyQ> ¶moOZm’$moS>m Am{U Zï> H$am

Xadfu, AW©g§H$ën gmXa Pmcm H$s nmR>monmR> Ë`m AW©g§H$ënmVrcVaVwXtMm g‘mOmVrc H$moUË`m KQ>H$m§Zm H$gm H$gm Am{U {H$Vr H$‘rA{YH$cm^ hmoB©c `m~m~V cmoH$mZwa§OZr à{V{H«$`m XoUmar MMm© gwê$ hmoVo. eoAa~mOmamV hmVMcmIr H$ê$Z H$mhrhr KS>dVm òD$ eH$Vo Aem g§e`m‘wioeoAa ~mOmamcm hrZ coIco OmVo; nU ‘J cmoH${à`VoMo àXe©Z H$aUmar{ZXe©Zohr KS>dyZ AmUVm òVmV. `mdfu AW©g§H$ën gmXa hmoÊ`mÀ`m {Xder{X„rVrc "10 OZnW'g‘moa H$m±J«og Am{U g§nwAmÀ`m ZoË`m§Zr eoVH$è`m§gma»`m{XgUmè`m cmoH$m§Mr AerM JXu O‘m Ho$cr hmoVr. hr JXu gmo{Z`m Jm§YtMmOÒ`H$ma H$am`cm O‘cr hmoVr H$s {YŠH$ma ho C{MV g‘` hmoVmM R>aUmahmoVo. eodQ>r Q´>°ŠQ>a-Q´>m°ë`m§‘YyZ Amcocr hr ‘§S>ir VéU hþS>m§À`m ZoV¥ËdmImcrH$m±J«og AÜ`jm§da A{^Z§XZmMm dfm©d H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§À`m {ZdmgñWmZmÀ`mAmdmamV Kwgcr.

nr. {MX§~a‘² m§À`m H$O©‘m’$s Am{U gyQ> moOZoÀ`m àW‘Xe©ZmZo Pmcoë`mAË`mZ§XmV XmoZVrZ amÌr IwerMr JmOao Imëë`mZ§Va eoVH$è`m§Zm AmVmAW©‘§Í`m§Zr Ho$coë`m IoirMr H«y$a Am{U YyV© ~mOy g‘Oy cmJcr Amho; hrIoir eoVH$ar g‘mOmMo ^ë`mnojm ZwH$gmZM A{YH$ H$aUma Amho.

H$O©~mOmarnUmMo ‘yieoVH$ar KoVcocr H$O} naV ’o$S>Ê`mg Ag‘W© Amho `mMo ‘yi H$maU

eoVr EHy$UmVM A{H$’$m`Vera AgUo ho Amho ho AmVm gd©‘mÝ` Pmco AmhoAm{U eoVrMm hm A{H$’$m`VeranUm eoVr‘mcmÀ`m ~mOmanoR>oV gaH$maZo

H$m ©H$mcmVrc gImoc Aä`mgmA§Vr Amnë`m AhdmcmV Zm|Xcoë`m {ZîH$fm©ZwgmaeoVrda CUo g~{gS>r cmXÊ`mÀ`m gaH$maÀ`m YmoaUm‘wio ^maVr` eoVH$è`m§Mo20 dfmªV Vã~c VrZ cmI H$moQ>r én`m§Mo ZwH$gmZ Pmco Amho. Ë`m VwcZoVeoVH$è`m§H$S>rc EHy$U WH$sV H$O© AË`ën Amho.

eoVH$è`m§À`m H$Om©Mm àíZ eoVH$è`m§À`m AmË‘hË`m§À`m dmT>Ë`m à‘mUm‘wionwÝhm EH$Xm EoaUrda Amcm. gdm}ƒ Ý`m`mc`mZo "~±H$m§Zr H$moUË`mhr n[apñWVrVeoVH$è`m§H$S>rc H$O©dgwcr dfm©VyZ EH$XmM H$amdr, Ë`m§Zm MH«$dmT> ì`mOcmdy Z o Am{U H$moUË`mhr n[apñWVrV H$Om©Mr a¸$‘ ‘yi ‘wÔcmÀ`m XwßnQ>rnojmA{YH$ hmoD$ Z o' Agm ñnï> AmXoe XoD$Zhr ‘hmamï>mVrc ghH$mar ~±H$m gam©gMH«$dmT> ì`mO cmdVmV Am{U ‘yi ‘wÔcmÀ`m XwnQ>rhÿZ A{YH$ naV’o$S> Ho$crAgVmZmhr AënmdYrVM eoVH$è`m§darc WH$sV H$Om©Mr a¸$‘ ‘yi ‘wÔcmÀ`mnmM Vo Xhm nQ>tZr dmT>Vo. `m~Ôc OmJmoOmJ Am§XmocZo Pmcr. ~±H$m§H$Sy>ZH$Om©Mo {hemo~ ’$º$ ‘mJyZ KoD$Z Ë`m AmYmao gdm}ƒ Ý`m`mc`mV `m{MH$mXmIc H$aÊ`mMr V`mar Mmcy Amho.

OdiOdi nmd eVH$ eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMm hm "H$O©‘wº$s'Mm cT>m MmcyAmho. H$Om©À`m amdUmMo EH$EH$ ‘w§S>Ho$ H$mnco OmV Amho Am{U AmVm cdH$aM,{ZdS>UwH$sVrc cm^mH$[aVm H$m hmoB©Zm, g§nwAm gaH$ma eoVH$è`m§À`m H$O©‘wº$sÀ`m{XeoZo H$mhr R>mog nmdco CMcrc Ago {XgV Amho. `mMr Mmhÿc cmJë`mZoeoVH$è`m§À`m H$O©‘wº$scm Ho$di empãXH$ nmqR>~m XoUmao H$mhr njhr, H$O©‘wº$sMm‘§JcH$ce AmnUM AmUcm Ago ^mgdÊ`mH$[aVm {Var{‘arZo CR>co AmhoV.

Amnë`m H$O©~mOmarnUmÀ`m XrK©H$mcrZ d {H$MH$Q> AmOmamda CnmèmoYÊ`mgmR>r eoVH$è`m§Zr H$mhr d¡Y ‘mJ© MmoImicoM ZmhrV Ago H$moUmcmåhUVm oUma Zmhr. AmVm gd© d¡Y Cnm` WH$ë`mMr Ë`m§Mr ^mdZm Pmcr AmhoAm{U VrM Ë`m§Zr am‘oœa oWo OJmg‘moa CKS> Ho$cr.

H|$Ð emgZmÀ`m òË`m A§XmOnÌH$mV eoVH$è`m§À`m g§nyU© H$O©‘wŠVrMrVaVyX H$ê$Z emgZmZo eoVH$è`m§darc AÝ`m`mMo n[a‘mO©Z H$aÊ`mMo R>mognmD$c CMcco Zmhr Va Jmoè`m B§J«Om§À`m amOdQ>rV CR>coë`m "X»IZÀ`m~§S>m'gmaIo dmXi CR>Ê`mMr ‘moR>r eŠ`Vm Amho.



AÞYmÝ`mÀ`m ~m~VrV ñd`§nyU© Ho$co Vo ‘moR>çm O‘rZYmaH$m§Zr, chmZO‘rZYmaH$m§Zr Zìho hohr {dgê$Z MmcUma Zmhr. CËnmXZmVrc ~MV (sur-

plus) {Z‘m©U H$aUmam KQ>H$M eoVH$ar g‘mOmVrc {ZUm©`H$ KQ>H$ AgVmo.{MX§~a‘² `m§Mr H$O©‘m’$s Am{U gyQ> `moOZm Mma H$moQ>r chmZ eoVH$è`m§ZmMH$Om©À`m ~moOmVyZ gmoS>dUma Agcr Am{U nwÝhm Zì`mZo H$O© {‘i{dÊ`mgnmÌ H$arV Agcr Var `m cmoH$m§Mm AÞgwa{jVVoMm àý gmoS>{dÊ`mVrcgh^mJ Am{U Vmohr dmVmdaU~XcmÀ`m `m `wJmV, AJXr ZJÊ` Agoc.

Ë`mMà‘mUo, ImgJr gmdH$mam§H$Sy>Z KoVcocr H$O} Am{U {dÎmg§ñWm§À`mA{YH¥$V joÌmH$Sy>Z KoVcocr H$O} `m§À`m‘Üò gmdÌôX H$aÊ`mcmhr H$mhrg‘W©Z Agy eH$V Zmhr; AmOÀ`m YmoaUm§Imcr eoVH$è`mMm H$O©~mOmarnUmhr AQ>i ~m~ Amho. eoVH$ar ~±H$m§H$Sy>Z H$O© KoVmo Am{U eoVrÀ`m CËnmXZmVyZVo ’o$S>Vm oV Zmhr, Vo ’o$S>Vm Amco Zmhr åhUOo Vo ’o$S>Ê`mgmR>r gmdH$mamH$Sy>ZH$O© KoVmo. EImÚm Zer~dmZ(!) gmdH$mamÀ`m ~m~VrV CcQ>ohr hmoVo. Ë`m‘wioeoVH$ar ~±Ho$Mo XoUo cmJVmo H$m gmdH$mamMo XoUo cmJVmo hr {Zìdi moJm`moJmMr~m~ AgVo.

Aën ‘wXVrMr H$O} Am{U ^m§S>dcr IMm©gmR>r KoVcocr XrK© ‘wXVrMrH$O} `m§À`mV ’$aH$ H$aUo hogwÕm VodT>oM AÝ`mæ` Amho. AW©‘§Í`m§Zr Ë`m§Mrhr H$O©‘m’$sMr `moOZm gd© àH$maÀ`m H$OmªZm cmJy hmoB©c Ago H$mhr ñnï>nUoåhQ>coco Zmhr; Varhr Ë`m§Zr `m `moOZoMm cm^ {‘iÊ`mg nmÌ R>aÊ`mgmR>rOo H$mhr ‘mnX§S> gm§{JVco AmhoV Ë`mdê$ZVar Ago {XgVo H$s XrK© ‘wXVrMrH$O} `m `moOZoÀ`m cm^mgmR>r nmÌ R>aUma ZmhrV.

Ë`m‘wio, H$O©‘m’$sMr hr `moOZm ‘m§S>VmZm eoVH$ar g‘mOmMo {Vhoar{d^mOZ hmoB©c Agm Hw$ec à`ËZ AW©‘§Í`m§Zr Ho$cm Amho. g§nwAm gaH$ma‘mJmgdJmª‘Üò AmajUZrVr‘wio "H«$s‘r coAa' V`ma hmoVmo hm {gÕm§V‘mZm`cm V`ma Zmhr; nU Omo eoVH$ar dJ© AmO n[apñWVrZo BVH$m AJ{VH$Pmcm Amho H$s Aà{Vð>oMo {OUo OJÊ`mnojm Ë`mcm ‘aU ~ao dmQ>Vo, VmoAmË‘hË`m H$ê$ cmJVmo. Ë`m g‘mOmcm ‘mÌ gaH$ma VmoM {gÕm§V cmdm`Mmà`ËZ H$aVo.

hr H$O©‘m’$s Am{U gdcVrMr `moOZm eoVH$è`m§~ÔcÀ`m J§^ra qMVonmoQ>r‘m§S>cr Jocr Amho Agm Xmdm AW©‘§Í`m§Mr {‘Ì‘§S>irhr H$aUma ZmhrV. VgoAgVo Va gd©àW‘ AW©‘§Í`m§Zr eoVr‘mcmÀ`m ~mOma`§ÌUoVrc ÌwQ>r Xya

doJdoJio {Z~ªY cmXyZ eoVH$è`m§da CUo g~{gS>r cmXÊ`m‘wio Amcm Amho`m~Ôchr H$mhr ’$magm {ddmX Cacm Zmhr. eoVrda gaH$maZo cmXcoë`m `mA{H$’$m`VeranUm‘wio eoVH$è`m§Zm Oo ZwH$gmZ gmogmdo cmJco Amho, VogaH$ma eoVr{Z{dð>m§da Oo H$mhr AZwXmZ {Xë`mÀ`m Amd AmUV AgVoË`mnojm {H$VrVar A{YH$ Amho. EH$m {dœgZr` {hemo~mZwgma 1981 Vo2000 `m drg dfmªÀ`m H$mcmdYrV eoVr‘mcm§darc CUo g~{gS>r‘wioeoVH$è`m§Mo Pmcoco ZwH$gmZ 3,00,000 H$moQ>r én`m§Mo Amho. Ë`mCcQ>,amYmH¥$îUZ g{‘VrÀ`m AhdmcmZwgma, eoVH$è`m§Mo EHy$U WH$rV H$O© ’$ŠV1,30,000 H$moQ>r én`m§Mo Am{U {Z{dð>m§darc AZwXmZmÀ`m ê$nmV eoVrjoÌmcm{‘iUmar aŠH$‘ Ho$di 80,000 H$moQ>r énò Amho. XoÊ`mKoÊ`mMm Vmio~§XH$mT>m`cm Joco Va eoVH$ar gaH$macm H$mhr XoUo cmJV Zmhr ho CKS> Amho.

eoVH$è`m§Zm H$Om©VyZ g§nyU©nUo ‘wŠV H$amdo Aer ‘mJUr H$aUmè`m eoVH$arg§KQ>Zm§Mr ^y{‘H$m Aer Amho H$s eoVH$è`m§da XmI{dcr OmUmar H$O} hr‘wimVM Ad¡Y Am{U AZ¡{VH$ AmhoV. hr H$O©o Ad¡Y AmhoV H$maUH$O©H$amamVrc EH$ nj Agcoë`m gaH$maZoM Xwgè`m njmÀ`m åhUOo H$O©XmaeoVH$è`mÀ`m H$m‘{JarV ~mYm AmUcr Á`m‘wio Vmo H$O©’o$S> H$ê$ eH$VZmhr. Voìhm H$m`ÚmZo hm H$amaM ~mX R>aVmo. hr H$O} AZ¡{VH$ AmhoV H$maUXoÊ`mKoÊ`mMm Vmio~§X H$mT>cm Va eoVH$ar gaH$maMo H$mhrM XoUo cmJVZmhr, CcQ> gaH$maH$So>M eoVH$è`m§Mr ~mH$s {ZKVo.

Ë`m‘wio, H$O©‘m’$s Ý`mæ` Am{U Z¡{VH$ ìhm`cm hdr Agoc Va Vrg§nyU©M ìhm`cm hdr. H$O© XoUmao ImgJr gmdH$ma AmhoV H$m ~±H$m-nVnoT>çm§Mo A{YH¥$V joÌ Amho Agm ’$aH$ H$aÊ`mcm H$mhr dmd Zmhr.Ë`mMà‘mUo H$O©Xma eoVH$è`m§‘Üòhr ’$aH$ H$aÊ`mcm H$mhr dmd Zmhr. nmMEH$am§nojm H$‘r O‘rZ YmaUm AgUmè`m eoVH$è`m§Zm BVam§nmgyZ doJio H$aUoho amOH$maUmÀ`m ’$m`ÚmMo Agoc nU; AW©emóÑîQ>çm ehmUnUmMo Zmhr.ZOrH$À`m ^{dî`H$mimV eoVrjoÌmcm hm{ZH$maH$ {dn[aV AW©emñÌ R>aoc.O‘rZYmaUm chmZ AgÊ`mcm ’$mago Am{W©H$ ‘hÎd Zmhr. eoVr ho Oa H$mVmoQ>çmMo H$c‘ Agoc Va Vm{H©$H$ÑîQ>çm chmZ O‘rZYmaH$mMo ZwH$gmZ‘moR>çm O‘rZYmaH$mÀ`m ZwH$gmZrnojm {Z{üVM H$‘r Agoc. qH$~hþZm, chmZO‘rZYmaUoÀ`m ~m~VrV CËnmXZIM© VwcZoZo H$‘r Am{U eoVr‘mcmcm {‘iUmè`m{H$_Vr VwcZoZo WmoS>çm A{YH$ Agë`mMo nwamdo ânya gmnS>Vrc. Xoemcm


2008-09Mm AW©g§H$ën AmJm‘r {ZdS>UwH$m§Mm doY KoUma Amho -doJdoJù`m g‘mOKQ>H$m§gmR>r Ë`mV I¡amV Ho$cr Amho `m AWm©Zo Zìho, VaAW©‘§Í`m§Zr Amncr H$O©‘m’$sMr KmofUm H$ê$Z gd©M {damoYr njm§Mm eoVH$arH$idù`mMm Xm§{^H$nUm àH$memV AmUcm Am{U Ë`mMdoir eoVH$arMidir‘Üò ’y$Q> nmS>Ê`mMm à`ËZhr Ho$cm Amho. `m AWm©Zo hm AW©g§H$ënòË`m {ZdS>UwH$m S>moù`mg‘moa R>odyZ ‘m§S>cm Jocm Amho.

(eoVH$ar g§KQ>H$, 6 _mM© 2008)

Ho$ë`m AgË`m H$s Á`m‘wio eoVH$è`m§Zm nwÝhm EH$Xm H$Om©À`m gmnù`mH$So>Omdo cmJco ZgVo. KS>co Amho Vo Zo‘Ho$ mÀ`m CcQ>o. Joë`m dfu AW©g§H$ënmÀ`m{Xder AW©‘§Í`m§Zr Jhÿ Am{U ^mV `m§À`m dm`Xo ~mOmamda ~§Xr KmVcr.Zì`mZo Cä`m amhUmè`m Iwë`m ~mOma `§ÌUoda hm H«y$a Kmcm hmoVm. `mdfm©À`m AW©g§H$ënmV Ë`m§Zr `m `§ÌUoda AmUIr H«y$a Kmd KmVcm Amho.Ë`m§Zr eoVr‘mcm§À`m dm`Xo ~mOmamdarc ~§Xr CR>dcr Va ZmhrM, CcQ> dm`Xo~mOmamÀ`m CcmT>mctda H$a cmdcm Amho. Ë`m‘wio dm`Xo ~mOmamÀ`m{dH$mgà{H«$òMo H§$~aSo>M ‘moS>Uma Amho. `mM AW©‘§Í`m§Zr eoAa~mOmam~ÔcOr AmñWm XmIdcr Ë`mÀ`m nmœ©^y‘rda, Ë`m§Zr dm`Xo ~mOmamda H$a cmXÊ`mMoOo nmD$c CMcco Amho Ë`m‘mJrc AYmernUm ñnï> hmoVmo. n[adV©ZercAm{U Va§JË`m dm`Xo ~mOmamV eoVr‘Yrc nVnwadR>m Am{U Jw§VdUyH$ mg§~§Yrg‘ñ`m gmoS>{dÊ`mMr j‘Vm Amho ho AW©‘§Í`m§Zm R>mD$H$ Zgoc Ago Zmhr.d§e{dÀN>oXM dmQ>mdm Aem XmoZ cmIm§hÿZ A{YH$ eoVH$è`m§Zr Ho$coë`mAmË‘hË`m§À`m aoQ>çm‘wioM, AW©‘§Í`m§Zr H$O©‘m’$s `moOZoÀ`m ê$nmZo Á`mH$mhr ^mdZm ì`ŠV Ho$ë`m Vgo H$aUo ^mJ nS>co. Ë`m§Zm H$mhrVar H$aUo^mJM hmoVo. AWm©VM, Ë`m§Zr eodQ>À`m KQ>Ho$cm KmB©KmB©V, eoVrH$Om©g§~§Yrgm§p»`H$sMm H$miOrnyd©H$ AmT>mdm Z KoVm EH$ "n°Ho$O' V`ma Ho$co.H$O©‘m’$sÀ`m 60,000 H$moQ>r én`m§À`m Xmì`mda {d{dY joÌm§VyZ AZoH$m§Zre§H$m ì`ŠV Ho$cr Amho. {dœZmW àVmnqgJm§À`m n§VàYmZH$sÀ`m H$mimVrc10,000 én`m§À`m H$O©‘m’$sÀ`m doir ~±H$m§Zr Amncr O~ar dgwcrMrj‘Vm dmnê$Z Amncr pñWVr gwYmê$Z KoVcr hmoVr. amOH$s` ’$m`XmS>moù`m§g‘moa R>odyZ ~±H$m§À`m Ë`m àd¥Îmrcm nmofH$ ìhmdo `m Ñï>rZo hm AmH$S>m’w$Jdcm Agmdm Ago {XgVo.

Ë`m§Mo ‘mJ©Xe©H$ Am{U nyd©O AW©‘§Ìr gÜ`mMo n§VàYmZ `m§À`mà‘mUoMAW©VÁk ho AË`§V {~c§Xa amOH$maUrhr Agy eH$VmV hoM {MX§~a‘² `m§Zr`m H$O©‘m’$s `moOZoÀ`m ‘mJm©Zo {gÕ Ho$co Amho. H$O©‘m’$sÀ`m `m aUmV OoOo nj Am{U g§ñWm Ë`mMo lo` cmQ>Ê`mgmR>r CVaco Ë`m gdmªÀ`m AmemAW©‘§Í`m§Zr EH$m ’$Q>Š`mV Ywirg {‘idë`m. Ë`mM~amo~a, EdT>çm ‘moR>çmg§»òZo hmoV Agcoë`m eoVH$è`m§À`m AmË‘hË`m§À`m nmœ©^y‘rda amOH$s`ñnY©H$ åhUyZ nwT>o òÊ`mMr ^rVr Agcoë`m AamOH$s` eoVH$ar MidircmhreoVH$è`m§‘Üò ’y$Q> nmS>Ê`mÀ`m MmcrZo {ZpîH«$` Ho$co Amho.


H$m`m©c`mV Ë`m eoVH$è`mMr à{VH¥$Vr Amho Am{U 1984 gmcr N>mVrdacmdcocm {~ëcm amÌr PmonVmZmhr ‘mÂ`m N>mVrda AgVmo. Ë`m‘wio, ZmZm§MrAmR>dU gVV ‘ZmV OmJV AgVo, `m~Ôc H$moUr e§H$m KoÊ`mMo H$maU Zmhr.

VargwÕm `m gËH$ma g‘ma§^mÀ`m gwédmVrcm ‘r, WmoSo>go Am¡{MË`^§JH$aÊ`mgmaIo dmJcmo Ë`m~Ôc gdmªMr ‘m’$s ‘mJyZ Iwcmgm H$aUo H«$‘àmáAmho. gwédmVrcm nwînhma, emc-lr’$i XoD$Z nmhþÊ`m§Mo ñdmJV H$aÊ`mMmH$m`©H«$‘ hmoVm. `m gËH$mag{‘VrMo AÜ`j S>m°. eofamd ‘mo{hVo `m§Zm {dZ§VrH$ê$Z ‘cm `m H$m`©H«$‘mVyZ dJimdo Aer {dZ§Vr Ho$cr Am{U Ë`m§Zr Vr‘mÝ` Ho$cr `m~Ôc Ë`m§Mm ‘r Am^mar Amho. 1984 gmcr naÛrcmPmcoë`m eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m A{YdoeZmV AmnU n{hë`m§Xm eoVH$è`m§À`mH$O©‘wŠVrMm H$m`©H«$‘ hmVr KoVcm. Z§Va gJù`m njm§Zr Ë`mMr ZŠH$cH$am`cm gwédmV Ho$cr; nU "H$O©‘wŠVr'Mr Iar ‘m§S>Ur n{hë`m§Xm Pmcr VreoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m naÛr A{YdoeZmV. Joë`m dfu H|$Ð gaH$maZo Or H$mhrH$O©‘m’$sMr `moOZm Omhra Ho$cr Vr ’$mQ>H$sVwQ>H$s, eoVH$è`meoVH$è`m§VHo$di ’y$Q> nmS>Umar, àË`jmV eoVH$è`m§À`m hmVr dmQ>mÊ`mÀ`m AjVm R>odyZnwT>mè`m§À`m ~±H$m§Mr Am{U ghH$mar g§ñWm§MrM ’$ŠV â H$aUmar `moOZmnm{hë`mZ§Va eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m`©H$m[aUrZo nwÝhm EH$Xm H$O©‘wŠVrMoAm§XmocZ àIa H$aÊ`mMm {Zü` Ho$cm Am{U Omon`ªV qhXwñWmZmVrc g‘J«eoVH$ar gd© àH$maÀ`m H$Om©VyZ ‘wŠV hmoV Zmhr Vmon`ªV eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m‘§Mmda H$moUrhr hmaVwao, emc-lr’$im§Mm gËH$ma ñdrH$maUma Zmhr AgmR>amd Ho$cm. Á`m AWu lra§JZmZm `m ‘§Mmda AmhoV Ë`m AWu hm ‘§M,gËH$ma g{‘VrZo C^m Ho$cm Agcm Var Vmo eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMmM ‘§M AmhoAgo ‘r ‘mZVmo Am{U åhUyZ ‘r gwédmVrcm hmaVwè`m§Mm gËH$ma Aìhoacm.

‘cm ZmZm§Mohr Am^ma ‘mZm`Mo AmhoV, ZmZm§Zr `m g‘ma§^mcm ‘mÝ`Vm{Xcr Ë`m~Ôc. Ë`m§Zr Oa "hmo' åhQ>co ZgVo Va Vwåhm gdmªZm ôQ>Ê`mMm `moJAmcm ZgVm. AmO gH$mir ‘mÂ`m ‘ZmV Amco H$s ZmZm§Mm A‘¥V‘hmoËgdgËH$ma H$am`cm, Iao Va, gdmªV `mo½` OmJm Á`m OmJr n{hë`m§Xm Am‘Mo gyaIè`m AWu Owico VrM Agm`cm nm{hOo. åhUyZ ZmZm§Zm ôQ>Ê`mgmR>r ‘r‘moaodmS>rcm ZmZm§À`m dmS>çmda Jocmo. ZmZm dmS>çmda ZìhVo, Vo Ë`m§À`mZì`m Kar ~gcoco hmoVo. ‘r Ë`m§Zm ’$moZdê$Z åhQ>co H$s, ""Á`m XodS>r‘ÜòAmnU n{hë`m§Xm ôQ>cmo, OoWo n{hë`m§Xm eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m {gÕm§VmÀ`m

Vrg

eoVH$ar EH$OwQ>rÀ¶m {ZH$S>rMm H$mi

lr. lra§JZmZm ‘moao `m§À`m `m A‘¥V‘hmoËgd gËH$ma g‘ma§^mV ‘cmCnpñWV amhÊ`mMr g§Yr {Xcr Ë`m~Ôc ‘r `m g‘ma§^mÀ`m gËH$ma g{‘VrMoAm^ma ‘mZVmo. Am^ma `mgmR>r H$s ‘r H$mc òWo Amë`mnmgyZ, eoVH$arg§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m‘mV 1980 nmgyZ Á`m§Zr Á`m§Zr gh^mJ KoVcm Vr gJir‘§S>ir, {deofV: ‘amR>dmS>çmVrc ‘cm ôQ>V hmoVr. EdT>oM Zìho, Va H$mhrg‘Om§‘wio qH$dm J¡ag‘Om§‘wio WmoS>r doJir Pmcocr ‘§S>irgwÕm ZmZm§À`mào‘m‘wio, ZmZm§À`m `m H$m`©H«$‘m‘wio òWo AmdOy©Z hOa AmhoV Ë`m§Mrhr ôQ>Pmcr. `m H$m`©H«$‘mcm hOa Agcoco ho gJio ZmZm§Mo ào‘r AmhoV; Am{UhOa amhUma åhUyZ Á`m§Mr Zmdo MM}V hmoVr Ë`mn¡H$s Oo Amcoco ZmhrV Vo~hþVoH$ ‘mÂ`mdaÀ`m amJm‘wio Amco ZgmdoV. ‘mÂ`m‘Üò BVa AZoH$ JwUAmhoV, nU ‘r ‘mUgo gm§^miUmam Zmhr Ago ~aoM cmoH$ åhUVmV. ho IaoAgmdo. am‘Xmg ñdm‘tZr g§^mOr ‘hmamOm§Zm {c{hcoë`m EH$m nÌm‘ÜòN>ÌnVr {edmOr ‘hmamOm§À`m EH$m JwUmMm ‘moR>m AmdOy©Z CëcoI Ho$cmAmho. "{edam`m§Mr gcJr XoUo H¢$Mo Ago!' lra§JZmZm§Zr EImÚmcm gcJr{Xcr åhUOo Vmo OÝ‘â Ë`m§Mm {‘Ì Am{U ào‘r amhUma. ‘mÂ`m EH$m AÜ`jH$m`©H$Ë`m©Zo ‘cm EH$Xm gm§{JVco hmoVo H$s, "gmho~, Vwåhr Am‘À`mn¡H$sH$moUmM§hr H$m¡VwH$ H$arV OmD$ ZH$m. Vwåhr H$m¡VwH$ Ho$c§ åhUOo Vr ‘mUg§{~KS>VmV.' hm "gcJr' XoÊ`mMm JwU ‘cm O‘cm Zmhr Am{U åhUyZH$Xm{MV ‘cm ‘mZUmao ~aoMgo cmoH$ ~mOycm ~gco AgÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho.

ho Iao Amho H$s ZmZm§À`m ñdmJVmÜ`jnXmImcr 1984 gmcr naÛrcmOo A{YdoeZ Pmco Ë`m A{YdoeZmZo eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zocm "é‘UoYmar eoVH$è`m§'Mo{MÝh Am{U N>mVrcm cmdm`Mm {~ëcm {Xcm. AmOhr ‘mÂ`m {XëcrÀ`m


Ver ‘mÝ`Vm {‘imcr Zmhr. ‘amR>dmS>çmMo ho XwX£dM Amho!`m {Z{‘ÎmmZo ‘cm EH$ Jmoï> AmR>dVo. Ooégco‘‘Üò Á`m {Xder òey

pI«ñVmMm OÝ‘ Pmcm Vmo {Xdg ZmVmiMm gU åhUyZ gmOam Ho$cm OmVmo.Á`m doir òeyMm OÝ‘ Pmcm Ë`mÀ`m AmYr AmH$mem‘Üò EH$ VoOñdr Vmam{Xgcm hmoVm. Ë`mdoir Vmo Vmam nmhÿZ òeyÀ`m AmYr OÝ‘mcm Amcoco Oo nmMg§V nwéf hmoVo Ë`m§Zm H$ico H$s Ooégco‘ òWo na‘oœamMm OÝ‘ hmoUma AmhoAm{U Vo gJio {VH$So> Om`cm {ZKmco. Vo Ooégco‘cm nmohmoMco Am{U Ë`m§ZrË`m ZdrZ ~mimMo H$m¡VwH$ Ho$co. `m nmMhr g§Vm§Mr H$Wm AmoëS> Q>oñQ>m‘|Q>Am{U Ý`y Q>oñQ>m‘oo|§Q> XmoÝhr‘Üòhr {c{hcocr Amho. nU, EH$ gË` Ë`mVAmcoco Zmhr H$s gm{‘aVmZ ZmdmMm Ë`mM àH$maMm EH$ g§V Ë`mM doir hmn{ü‘ `wamonmVyZ Ooégco‘cm Om`cm {ZKmcm hmoVm. dmQ>oV KZXmQ> O§Jcm§MmàXoe, Ë`mÀ`m~amo~aMo `mÌoH$ê$ nwT>o {ZKyZ Joë`mZo Vmo EH$Q>m nS>cm, O§JcmVH$mhr cwQ>mê$§Zr Ë`mcm nH$S>co, ‘mahmU Ho$cr, Ë`mMo H$nSo> dJ¡ao H$mTy>ZKoVco Am{U Ë`mcm g‘wÐ{H$Zmè`mda Jwcm‘m§Mm ì`mnma H$aUmam§n¡H$s EH$mcm{dH$co. òey p¼ñVmMm n{hcm {eî` ~ZÊ`mgmR>r {ZKmcoë`m `m ‘mUgmcmJwcm‘m§À`m Ë`m ì`mnmè`mZo ~moQ>rV KmcyZ Am{’«$Ho$cm Zoco. AZoH$ df}Mm~H$mMo ’$Q>Ho$ ImV Jwcm‘{JarÀ`m `mVZm gmogë`mZ§Va Ë`mcm EH$ {Xdgg§Yr {‘imcr Am{U Ë`mZo Ë`m Jwcm‘m§À`m ì`mnmè`mÀ`m VmdS>rVyZ gwQ>H$mH$ê$Z KoVcr Am{U nwÝhm Ooégco‘Mr dmQ> Yacr. nwÝhm AË`§V H$ï> H$aVAIoar Vmo Ooégco‘cm nmohmoMcm. Ë`mcm Amem hmoVr H$s p¼ñVmÀ`m OÝ‘mÀ`mAmYr AmH$memVrc Vmam nmhÿZ {ZKmcmo hmoVmo Ë`m OÝ‘doir Zmhr O‘co VarË`m ñWirVar AmVm AmnU OmD$Z AmVm Ë`mMo Xe©Z KoD$; nU gm{‘aVmZOoégco‘cm nmohmoMcm Ë`m {Xder òey pI«ñVmcm gwimda {Xco hmoVo.gm{‘aVmZÀ`m Z{e~r gwir {Xcoë`m òey p¼ñVmcm gwimdê$Z CVadÊ`mMoH$m‘ Amco.

kmZoœa ‘moR>m H$m Pmcm Am{U ‘wHw$§XamO ‘mJo H$m nS>co ho àíZ H$moUr{dMmaVo H$m? Agco àíZ Ë`m§À`m {dMmam§Mr XwH$mZXmar H$aUmam§ZmM nS>VmV.

EH$ H$mi Agm hmoVm, EH$moUrgeo gÎma-E|erÀ`m XeH$mMm, H$seoVH$è`m§À`m cjmV `m`cm cmJco H$s, "AmVm AmnU AS>mUr eoVH$aram{hcmo Zmhr, OoWo XmoZVrZ q¹$Q>c {nH$V hmoVo {VWo AmVm drgdrg, VrgVrgq¹$Q>c {nH$dy cmJcmo AmhmoV; nU {OVHo$ OmñV {nH$dmdo {VVH$s H$‘r

MMm© Pmë`m VoWoM ‘cm Vwåhmcm ’y$c XoD$Z Vw‘Mm gËH$ma H$am`Mm Amho''Am{U ZmZm§Mm ‘moR>onUm åhUOo Vo Ë`m§À`m^modVr O‘coë`m ào‘rOZm§À`mJamS>çmVyZ CRy>Z Amnë`m dmS>çmda ËdaoZo Amco Am{U Ë`m§Zr ‘mÂ`m mdZm§MrH$Xa Ho$cr. ZmZm§Zr Oa H$m `m gËH$ma g‘ma§^mcm ‘mÝ`Vm {Xcr ZgVr Va`m gJù`mM AZw^dmcm ‘wH$mdo cmJco AgVo.

AmOH$mc {Xdg Ago AmhoV H$s VmcwŠ`mÀ`m, n§Mm`V g{‘VrÀ`m qH$dm{OëømÀ`m EImÚm ’$S>Vyg H$m`©H$Ë`m©Mm 51dm qH$dm 52dm Oar dmT>{XdgAgcm Var XyaXe©Zda Ë`mÀ`m Om{hamVr {XdgâmV nÞmg doim XmIdVmV.ho XmIdUmao H$mhr ào‘mZo XmIdVmV Aerhr H$mhr Jmoï> Zmhr; Á`mMm gËH$maAgVmo Ë`mZoM, ~hþYm, Ë`mÀ`m IMm©Mr Am{U Om{hamVr XoÊ`mMr ì`dñWmHo$cocr AgVo. Aem `m Om{hamVtÀ`m `wJmV ZmZm§gmaIm H$m`©H$Vm© ’$ŠVeoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`mM ‘werVyZ V`ma hmoD$ eH$Vmo. eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m g§nyU©B{VhmgmV H$Yr H$moÊ`m H$m`©H$Ë`m©Mr Aer Om{hamV XyaXe©Zda H$moUr {XcrZmhr Am{U eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMo H$m`©H$V}hr Aem AnojoZo H$m‘ H$arV ZmhrV.ZmZm§Zr Amnë`m ^mfUmV AË`§V {dZ‘«nUo gm§{JVco H$s Amåhr H$m` ’$ma‘moR>o H$m‘ Ho$co Ago Amåhmcm IamoIaM dmQ>V Zmhr Am{U Ë`mH$[aVm nmMn¡go IM© H$ê$Z Ë`mMo ZJmao ~S>dUmar H$moUr Om{hamV cmdmdr ho Am‘À`mY‘m©V ~gV Zmhr.

`m H$m`©H«$‘mÀ`m gyÌg§MmcH$m§Zr gwédmVrcm ‘wÔm H$mT>cm H$s ZmZm§MreoVH$ar-eoV‘Oya g§KQ>Zm AmYr Mmcy Pmcr H$m eaX OmoetMr eoVH$arg§KQ>Zm AmYr? hm H$m` dmX Amho? EìhaoñQ>da n{hë`m§Xm {hcar Jocm H$mVoZqgJ m~Ôc EImXdoiog dmX hmoD$ eH$Vmo; nU hm dmX gwX¡dmZo ‘mÂ`m‘ÜòAm{U ZmZm§‘Üò H$Yr Amcm Zmhr. Ë`mMo ñnï>rH$aU AJXr gmYo Amho.ZmZm§Mm hm gËH$ma Á`m g^mJ¥hmV hmoV Amho Ë`mcm Á`m ‘wHw$§XamOm§Mo Zmd{Xco Amho Ë`m ‘wHw$§XamOm§Zr kmZoœam§À`m AmYr 200-300 df} "{ddoH$qgYw'J«§W {c{hcm. ^pŠV‘mJm©Mm Iam {gÕm§V ‘wHw$§XamOm§Zr "{ddoH$qgYw'À`mê$nmZo OJmg‘moa n{hë`m§Xm ‘m§S>cm; nU {dR>mo~mÀ`m Xe©Zmcm OmUmè`mgJù`m§À`m Vm|S>r kmZmo~mMo Zmd òVo, VwH$mo~mMohr òVo; ‘wHw$§XamOmMo H$YròV Zmhr. H$mì`m‘ÜògwÕm "kmZXodo a{Mcm nm`m, H$ig PiHo$ d[a VwH$`mMm'AgoM dU©Z òVo. ‘wHw$§XamOm§Mr Cnojm Pmcr ho Iao Amho. ‘amR>dmS>çmVBVahr AZoH$ ‘moR>o‘moR>o gm{hpË`H$ hmoD$Z Joco; nU Ë`m§Zm {‘im`cm hdr


Ago dmQ>Vo H$s, "eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm : {dMma Am{U H$m`©nÕVr' `m nwñVH$mVOo {c{hco Amho Vo Amnë`mcm gJio g‘Oco Amho Am{U Ë`mÀ`m AmYmaoAmnU AmVm eoVH$è`m§g‘moa ~mocy eH$Vmo Am{U Omon`ªV eoVH$è`m§À`m 80gmcÀ`m JrVoVco eãX AmnU ~mocVmo AmhmoV Vmon`ªV eoVH$è`m§À`m Q>mù`mAmnë`mcm nS>Uma AmhoV Am{U Amnco H$m¡VwH$ hmoUma Amho.' Ë`m§Zm ‘r EH$YmoŠ`mMm Bemam XoD$ BpÀN>Vmo. "H$mi ~Xccm Amho, eoVH$è`m§Mo àíZ~Xcco AmhoV. Aem n[apñWVrV Vwåhr Oa Ë`mM Ë`mM E|er gmcÀ`mKmofUm Am{U ^mfUo H$ê$ cmJcmV Va 1980 _Üò eaX ndma {OVHo$hmñ`mñnX Pmco {VVHo$M hmñ`mñnX Vwåhrhr Pmë`mIoarO amhUma Zmhr, ho{Z{üV. H$mi ~Xccm Amho Am{U Omon`ªV Vwåhr ZdrZ eoVrMr ^mfm, ZdrZeoVrMo ì`mH$aU, ZdrZ eoVrMm eãXH$moe {eH$V Zmhr, dmMV Zmhr, Ë`mÀ`m‘XVrZo eoVrÀ`m n[apñWVrMm Aä`mg H$arV Zmhr Vmon`ªV Vwåhr eoVH$è`m§À`mnwT>marnUmMm Amd AmUcm Va òË`m H$mimV Vw‘À`mH$Sy>Z eoVH$è`m§Mm KmVhmoUma Amho. ~XcË`m eoVrMm Aä`mg H$ê$Z Ë`mMr ‘m{hVr eoVH$è`m§Zm XoUo^cË`mgcË`mcm nocUmao YZwî` Zmhr.

AmnU 1980 _Üò eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmcm gwédmV Ho$cr Voìhm OmJ{VH$hdm‘mZ ~Xc qH$dm OmJ{VH$ Vmn‘mZ dmT> ho eãXgwÕm H$moUr EoH$co ZìhVo.n§Mdrg dfmªZr ‘hmamï´>mVrc Vmn‘mZ 48 Vo 50 A§em§n`ªV MT>oc Am{UË`m‘wio Amncr Zoh‘rMr {nHo$ KoVm òUo eŠ` hmoUma Zmhr ho 1980 gmcrAmnë`mcm ‘mhrV ZìhVo. eoVr‘mcmcm amñV ^md {‘imcm nm{hOo AgoåhUVmZm Ë`m H$mir JUH$`§ÌmMo V§ÌkmZ CncãY ZìhVo; JUH$`§ÌmÀ`mgmhmæ`mZo dm`Xo~mOmamV CVê$Z Amnë`m ‘mcmMr amñV {H$_V Ka~gë`m{‘idUohr Ë`m H$mir eŠ` ZìhVo. eoVH$è`m§{df`r ‘ZmV Ûof ~miJUmaogaH$ma Ë`m doir hmoVo Am{U AmOhr Amho. nU, eoVH$è`m§da AÝ`m`H$aÊ`mMr Ë`mMr hË`mao AmVm ~Xccr AmhoV. AmVm H¥${f CËnÞ ~mOmag{‘VrV eoVH$ar{damoYr H$mañWmZo MmcV ZmhrV. AmVm ZdrZ n[apñWVrVgaH$ma dm`Xo~mOmamdaM ~§Xr KmcyZ eoVH$è`m§Zm Amnë`m hŠH$mMm ^md{‘iy Zò Aer VaVyX H$aVo. eoVmV {nH$Umè`m gJù`m {hadirVyZ eoVH$arBWoZm°cÀ`m åhUOo "eoVVocm'À`m ê$nmVrc B§YZ V`ma H$ê$ eH$Vmo nU VgoñdmV§Í` eoVH$è`mcm {‘iy Zò Ago YmoaU AmIVo. eoVH$è`mcm cwQ>Ê`mMrgaH$maMr hr ZdrZ gmYZo AmhoV. `m g§~§YmV Á`m§Mm Aä`mg Amho, `m

{‘iH$V hmoVo Amho, AmnU A{YH$M JmimV OmV AmhmoV.' Voìhm Ho$di‘hmamï´>mVM Zìho Va gJù`m qhXwñWmZm‘Üò eoVH$ar Am§XmocZ doJdoJù`m{R>H$mUr Cô amhÿ cmJco. ho ZdrZ Am§XmocZ gwê$ H$aÊ`mMo lo` H$moUmcmÚm`Mo PmcoM Va Vo Vm{_iZmSy>À`m ZmamÙñdm‘r Zm`Sy>§Zm Úmdo cmJoc;AmOgwÕm ‘r Ë`m§Zm ‘mPo Jwê$ ‘mZVmo. ‘hmamï´>mV H$moUmcm XoUma? ZmZm§Zr"^y{‘godH$' gwê$ Ho$co Ë`mM doir ZmJnyaÀ`m eaX nmQ>cm§Zr "AÞXmVm' gwê$Ho$co hmoVo. AmåhrXoIrc H$mhr à`ËZ H$arV hmoVmo. Ë`mn¡H$s H$moUmÀ`mJù`mV lo`mMr ‘mi Q>mH$mdr `m dmXmV H$mhr AW© Zmhr. nwT>o OmUmè`m§‘ÜòH$moUr nwT>o OmÊ`mcm AmYr gwédmV Ho$cr `m~Ôc dmX AgV Zmhr, nwT>oOmUmè`m§‘Üò dmX {Z‘m©U H$ê$ nmhUmè`m Hw$§{R>Vm§À`mM ‘ZmV Agco àíZV`ma hmoVmV.

‘r AmVm ZmZm§À`m d`mMm Zgcmo Var gÎmarÀ`m da Amcmo Amho Am{U‘cmhr AmVm ZXrÀ`m ncrH$S>rc Ñíò {Xgy cmJcr AmhoV. VméÊ`mÀ`mâmV nQ>co ZìhVo nU ‘cm AmVm dmQy> cmJco Amho H$s AmnU à`ËZ H$aVmohm EH$ ^mJ AgVmo, Ë`mcm è {H$Vr {‘imdo ho R>adUmar eŠVr doJirAgVo. ZmZm§Mm OÝ‘ ‘amR>dmS>çmV A§~mOmoJmB©cm eoVH$è`mÀ`m KamV Pmcm,Ë`mEodOr ‘mÂ`mà‘mUoM ‘Ü`‘dJu` gw{e{jV KamV Pmcm AgVm Va Ë`m§Zmhr‘mÂ`mgmaIm n[apñWVrMm ’$m`Xm {‘imcm AgVm. ‘r ‘Ü`‘dJu` KamVOÝ‘ë`m‘wio ‘cm {ejUmMr Mm§Jcr g§Yr {‘imcr, ‘r naXoemV Jocmo Am{UË`m AZw^dmÀ`m Omoamda ‘r EH$mM doir eoVH$è`m§er Am{U nÌH$ma, ~w{ÕdmXr`m§À`merhr g§dmX gmYy eH$Vmo åhUyZ ‘mPo Zmd nwT>o am{hco; BVa H$‘VaVmAgyZhr nwT>o am{hco. g§KQ>H$ åhUyZ JwU Úm`Mo Pmco Va ZmZm§Zm ‘mÂ`mnojmXgnQ> JwU Úmdo cmJVrc. BVH$m Ë`m§Mm OZg§nH©$ Amho.

lra§JZmZm§À`m A‘¥V‘hmoËgd gËH$mamÀ`m {Z{‘ÎmmZo gJio cmoH$ nwÝhmEH$Xm EH$Ì Amco. `m {Z{‘ÎmmZo Vwåhm gdmªZm H$m` gm§Jmdo? ZmZm§À`mH$mimV {e{~a Pmco Am{U Ë`mda AmYm[aV, Vwåhr Á`mcm eoVH$è`m§Mr JrVmåhUVm Ago "eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm : {dMma Am{U H$m`©nÕVr' ho nwñVH$ V`maPmco; nU Vmo H$mi AmVm g§nV Amcm Amho. ho {dgê$ ZH$m. H$moUË`mhrY‘m©Mm {H$Vrhr n{dÌ J«§W Agmo - ~m`~c Agmo, Hw$amU Agmo dm JdX²JrVmAgmo - Omo Ago Yê$Z MmcVmo H$s hm J«§W åhUOo AIoaMm eãX Amho,Ë`mncrH$So> H$mhr Zmhr Ë`mMm {dZme Odi Amcm Amho Ago Yamdo. Á`m§Zm


ghH$maH$mnyg, XÿY, gmIa, nVg§ñWm

‘wX²Úm§da AmnU Mm§Jco ~mocy eH$Vmo Aer Á`m§Zm ImÌr Amho Ë`m§Zr Ë`m§MmË`m§Mm Am§XmocZmMm ‘mJ© Mmcy R>odmdm. Ë`m§Zr ‘mÂ`mM gmo~V Amco nm{hOoAgm H$mhr ‘mPm AmJ«h Zmhr; nU Vw‘À`mn¡H$s H$moUmÀ`m ‘ZmV Ago AgocH$s eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zo‘Üò Vwåhmcm `mo½` Vmo ‘mZ {‘imcm Zmhr qH$dm VwåhmcmgmdÌnUmMr dmJUyH$ {Xcr Jocr Va lra§JZmZm§À`m gmjrZo, ‘r Hw$Qw>§~à‘wIåhUyZ Vr ‘mPr MyH$ ‘mZVmo Am{U Vw‘Mr ‘m’$s ‘mJVmo Am{U naV `m AerhmH$ XoVmo.

eoVH$è`m§À`m Ñï>rZo nwT>Mo {Xdg AË`§V H$R>rU AmhoV. eoVH$è`m§‘Üò’y$Q> nmS>Ê`mMr hr doi Zmhr. 1989 _Üò, AmVm XmoZ dfmªV eoVH$arH$O©‘wŠVr hmoD$ eHo$c Aer eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmMr VmH$X V`ma Pmcr hmoVrË`m doir ‘h|Ðqgh {Q>Ho$V `m§Zr hëcm Ho$cm Am{U eoVH$è`m§À`m Vm|S>MmKmg nidcm. AmO Vo nmn Vwåhr H$ê$ ZH$m, Vwåhr H$moUË`mhr njmV JocmAgm qH$dm Zgm. eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm Oa eoVH$è`m§À`m H$O©‘wŠVrMr ‘mJUrH$arV Agoc Va "H$O©‘wŠVr' Am{U "H$O©‘m’$s' `m XmoZ eãXmVrc ôXgwÕmZ g‘OVm "25000 n`ªV H$O©‘m’$s Úm' åhUUmè`m njm§gmo~V EH$ {XdggwÕmVwåhr amhÿ ZH$m.

lra§JZmZm§Zr ‘Zm‘Üò H$moUË`mhr àH$maMm Ah§H$ma Z ~miJVm Ë`m§MreoVH$ar-eoV‘Oya g§KQ>Zm qnniJmd-~gd§VÀ`m 1980À`m gôV eoVH$arg§KQ>ZoV {‘giyZ Q>mH$cr, Amnco Zmd R>odÊ`mMmhr AmJ«h Ë`m§Zr YacmZmhr. Ë`m§À`m gmjrZo ‘r Vwåhmcm gm§Jy BpÀN>Vmo H$s, "Vw‘À`m ‘ZmVàm‘m{UH$nUo eoVH$è`m§{df`r Vi‘i Agoc, Ho$di Ah§^md Zgoc' -Xwgè`m H$moUmMm hdmcm KoD$ ZH$m, Vw‘À`m AmËå`mcm {dMmam - Ho$diH$mhr égdo’w$Jdo Pmco åhUyZ Xya Pmcm Agmc Va ‘r Vw‘Mr ‘m’$s ‘m{JVcrAmho - Va eoVH$è`m§‘Üò doJù`m Mwcr H$ê$ ZH$m. H$maU 1980 _ÜòeoVH$è`m§da {OVH$s H$R>rU n[apñWVr JwOacr hmoVr Ë`mhrnojm OmñV H$R>rUdoi nwT>rc nmM dfmªV òUma Amho. Ë`mgmR>r, gJù`m eoVH$è`m§Zr EH$ÌòD$Z òUmè`m n[apñWVrMm gm‘Zm Ho$cm VaM eoVH$ar OJy eH$Vmo.



EH$ g§ñWm Or ghH$mar g§ñWm {VÀ¶m ZmdmMo ‘mÌ MidirMo ~mago hmoVo.¶m ghH$mar g§ñWm§Mo AmUIr EH$ d¡{eîQ>ç. eham§‘Ü¶o ghH$mar g§ñWm

ZgVmV Ago Zmhr, H$mhr {H$aH$moi ~±H$m, H$mhr J«mhH$ godm g§K Am{Uàm‘w»¶mZo J¥h{Z‘m©U g§ñWm gmoS>ë¶m Va ehamVrc Am{W©H$ CcmT>mcr àm‘w»¶mZoImOJr Am{U gmd©O{ZH$ H§$nÝ¶m MmcdVmV. Y§Xm N>moQ>m Agcm Va VmoImOJrV qH$dm mJrXmarV MmcdVmV; nU ehar ì¶dñWoV ghH$mamcm ñWmZH$‘rM.

¶mCcQ> J«m‘rU mJm§Vrc OdiOdi gd© Am{W©H$ ì¶dgm¶ ho ghH$mamerH$moR>oVar OmoS>co Joco AmhoV. Jmdm§Vrc {d{dY godm ghH$mar g§ñWm Agmo,IaoXr-{dH«$s g§K Agmo, H¥$fr CËnÞ ~mOma g{‘Vr Agmo, ^y{dH$mg ~±H$Agmo H$m XÿY, hmV‘mJ, gmIa ¶mgma»¶m dñVy§À¶m CcmT>mcr H$aUmè¶mg§ñWm AgmoV. JmdmJmdmVrc {H$aH$moi dmUr Am{U ~cwVoXmam§Mo ImOJrì¶dgm¶ gmoS>co Va gJirH$S>o ghH$mamÀ¶mM nmQ>çm {XgVmV. WmoS>³¶mVB§{S>¶mMo ì¶dhma gJio H§$nÝ¶m§Mo; nU ^maVmVrc ì¶dhma VodT>o ghH$marAer ’$miUr {XgVo.

ImOJr qH$dm gmd©O{ZH$ H§$nÝ¶m§Mo g§MmcH$ qH$dm AÜ¶úm ho amOH$maUmV¹${MVM AmT>im¶Mo. Vo {~Mmao Ë¶m§À¶m H§$nÝ¶m MmcdÊ¶mÀ¶m H$m‘mV JH©$amhVmV; nU ghH$mamV ‘mÌ Ago Zmhr. ghH$mamV Amho Am{U amOH$maUmVZmhr Agm ‘hfu Odi Odi Ae³¶M. qH$~hþZm amOH$maUmV KwgImoarH$aVm ¶mdr ¶mgmR>r C‘oXdmar H$am¶Mo úmoÌ åhUOo ghH$ma! ¶mÑï>rZoMhmoVH$ê$ Am{U nmohMcocr nwT>mar ‘§S>ir ¶m úmoÌmH$S>o nmhV AgVmV.

H$moUVmhr ì¶dgm¶ MmcdÊ¶mMm ghH$ma hm EH$ ‘mJ© qH$dm nÕVr AmhoAgo åhQ>co Va ghH$ma Am{U H§$nÝ¶m ¶m§À¶mV ho Oo ’$aH$ {XgVmhoV Vo H$m{XgmdoV? ‘r ghH$mag‘«mQ>m§Zm AZoH$Xm Ymaoda YaVmo. cmoH$ ‘cm {dMmaVmV,""Vwåhr ghH$mar MidirÀ¶m {déÕ AmhmV H$m¶?'' ‘r ghH$mar MidirÀ¶m{déÕ Zmhr VgmM àm.{c. H§$nÝ¶m§À¶mhr {déÕ Zmhr Am{U npãcH$ {c{‘Q>oS>H§$nÝ¶m§Mohr H$mhr ‘cm ào‘ Zmhr.

naXoemV AgVmZm ‘r EH$m ’$ma ‘moR>çm ghH$mar g§ñWoMm gXñ¶ hmoVmo.nXm{YH$mar ZìhVmo. Ho$di Hw$Vyhc åhUyZ ‘r Ë¶m g§ñWoÀ¶m H$m‘H$mOmMmAä¶mg Ho$cm hmoVm. ¶m g§ñWoMr EH$Q>çm pñdËPcªS>‘Ü¶o hOmamo XþH$mZo hmoVrAm{U ¶m gJù¶m XþH$mZm§VyZ J«mhH$m§Zm Á¶m Á¶m H$mhr Jmoï>tMr JaO nS>Ê¶mMr

EH$Vrg

eoVH$ar Am{U ghH$ma

ghH$mar g§ñWm§{df¶r ~mocVmZm H$mì¶mMm dmna ^anya Ho$cm OmVmo."{dZm ghH$ma Zhr CÕma' Aem àH$maÀ¶m H$mì¶n§º$s CX²Y¥V Ho$ë¶m OmVmV.H$moUm EH$m nwT>mè¶mZo Vmcw³¶mVrc qH$dm {OëømVrc ghH$mar g§ñWm ñdV:À¶mqH$dm Amnë¶m nwR²>R>çmVrc cmoH$m§À¶m Vmã¶mV R>odë¶m Va Ë¶mcm ghH$ma‘hfuMr nXdr àmá hmoVo. H$moUË¶m ghH$mar g§ñWoV Hw$Umcm H$go {ZdSy>ZAmUmdo ho EH$ emó Amho. ¶m emómV nma§JV Agcoë¶m§Zm ghH$mag‘«mQ>åhQ>co OmVo.

Iao åhQ>co Va ghH$ma hr H$moUVmhr ì¶dgm¶ Mmc{dÊ¶mMr EH$ nÕVrAmho. H$moUVmhr Y§Xm Mmcdm¶Mm Agcm Va Vmo EH$Q>çmMm ImOJr Y§XmåhUyZ MmcdVm ¶oVmo, ^mJrXmarV MmcdVm ¶oVmo, ‘¶m©{XV O~m~XmarMrImOJr H§$nZr H$mTy>Z H$aVm ¶oVmo qH$dm ì¶dgm¶ OmñV ì¶mnH$ ñdénmMmAgoc Va Am{U ^m§S>dcmMr JaO OmñV Agoc Va ‘¶m©{XV O~m~XmarMrgmd©O{ZH$ H§$nZrgwÕm H$mT>cr OmVo. Aem H§$nÝ¶m§À¶m à‘wIm§Zm CÚmoJ‘hfudJ¡aogwÕm ’$mago åhQ>co OmV Zmhr. Ë¶m H$maImZXmamÀ¶m gmR>mì¶m, gÎmamì¶mdmT>{Xder EImXm dº$m H$Xm{MV Aer {deofUo dmnaVmo; nU Vr Hw$Ur’$maer J§^ranUo KoV Zmhr Am{U A‘wH$ A‘wH$ H$maImZXma "àm¶ìhoQ> {c{‘Q>oS>‘hfu' Amho qH$dm "npãcH$ {c{‘Q>oS> g‘«mQ>' Amho Aerhr ^mfm H$Yr EoHy$¶oV Zmhr.

"ghH$mar Midi' hm eãXà¶m oJhr AgmM J‘VrMm Amh o.Am¡Úmo{JH$sH$aUmMr Midi Agy eH$Vo, ì¶mnma dmT>{dÊ¶mMr MidihmoD$ eH$Vo; nU npãcH$ {c{‘Q>oS> H§$nÝ¶m§Mr Midi qH$dm àm¶ìhoQ>{c{‘Q>oS> H§$nÝ¶m§Mr Midi Agcr mfm H$Yr EoHy$ ¶oV Zmhr. ¶m g§ñWm§à‘mUoM


ê$nmÀ¶m dU©ZmZo H$m¶ gmÜ¶ hmoUma?ghH$mar g§ñWm Mmcë¶m‘wio Agm H$mhr g§nÞVoMm XoImdm OmJmoOmJr

V¶ma Pmcm ho Iao. H$mhr ghH$mag‘«mQ> H$moQ>çdYtMr ‘m¶m O‘dyZ ~gco hohrIao. H$mhr OUm§Zr Ë¶mVyZ amOH$maU gmYco Am{U nma {X„rn¶ªV OmD$ZnmoMco hohr Iao nU Á¶m hoVyZo ghH$mar g§ñWm gwê$ H$aÊ¶mV Amë¶m Vmo hoVyHw$R>oM g’$c Pmcm Zmhr. gd©gm‘mÝ¶ eoVH$è¶m§Mr, eoV‘Owam§Mr J[a~r XÿaH$aÊ¶mV ghH$mar MidirMo An¶e ^¶mZH$ Amho. ghH$mar MidirZoJ«m‘rU ^mJmVrc J[a~r Xÿa Ho$cr Zmhr. EdT>oM Zìho Va J«m‘rU ^mJmÀ¶memofUmcm ghH$mar MidirZo hmV^ma cmdcm Am{U ghH$mamVyZ V¶maPmcoë¶m ZoV¥ËdmZo {X„rV {eOUmè¶m eoVH$ar{damoYr YmoaUmMm MwHy$ZgwÕmH$Yr {damoY Ho$cm Zmhr.

ghH$mar MidirVrc lo¶mMm Vmoam {‘adUmè¶m§Zm ghH$mar MidirÀ¶mAn¶emMr O~m~Xmar ñdrH$mamdr cmJoc. Am¶wî¶^a ghH$mamV KmcdyZeoVH$è¶m§Zm ~wS>dUmè¶m§À¶m hmVmV hmV KmcyZ amOH$maU Ho$ë¶mZ§Va OaEImÚm ghH$ma ‘hfucm OmUrd Pmcr H$s XodmÀ¶m Ami§XrEodOr Vmo Mmoam§À¶mAmi§Xrcm ¶oD$Z nmoMcm Amho, Va eoVH$è¶m§À¶m godoH$aVm CVaVmZmeoVH$è¶m§À¶m aº$mZo acocr ‘mZdóo Xÿa ’o$Hy$Z XoÊ¶mMr Am{U ñdÀN> hmoD$ZeoVH$è¶m§À¶m nwT>o ¶oÊ¶mMr Ë¶mMr qh‘V Agcr nm{hOo.

1. {d{dY godm ghH$mar nVnoT>r (gmogm¶Q>çm)

ghH$mar g§ñWm§Mo gd© eoVH$è¶m§Zm ‘mhrV Agcoco ñdê$n åhUOo Á¶mÀ¶mË¶mÀ¶m JmdMr {d{dY godm ghH$mar nVnoT>r. EdT>o OS>~§~mi Zmd KoÊ¶mEodOrgJioOU Ë¶mcm ZwgVoM gmogm¶Q>r åhUVmV.

JmdmVcm H$moUr eoVH$ar gmogm¶Q>rMm MoAa‘Z Pmcm H$s H$mhr {Xdgm§VË¶mMr VmcwH$m nmVirdarc nwT>mè¶m§H$S>o, Am‘Xmam§H$S>o, ~±Ho$V ¶o-Om MmcyhmoVo. Q>monr A{YH$m{YH$ Q>moH$Xma ~ZV OmVo. H$nS>o {Xdg|{Xdg H$S>H$ BórMoAm{U PJPJrV nm§T>ao ~ZV OmVmV.

gmogm¶Q>rMm goH«o$Q>ar hm nJmaXma ‘mUyg AgVmo. Vmcw³¶mÀ¶m ~±Ho$À¶mMoAa‘ZH$Sy>Z Ë¶mMr Zo‘UyH$ hmoV AgVo. cmJo~m§Yo Agë¶mIoarO goH«o$Q>arMrOmJm {‘iyM eH$V Zmhr. AmoiI ’$ma OdiMr Zgoc Va nmMXhm hOmam§da

e³¶Vm Amho Ë¶m ¶ƒ¶mdV Jmoï>r AJXr amñV ^mdmV Am{U Mm§Jë¶màVrÀ¶m {‘iy eH$VmV. ¶m dñVy I[aXÊ¶mH$[aVm g§ñWoMr OJ^a OdiOdigJù¶m Xoem§V H|$Ðo AmhoV. gmYm e|JXmUm Vmo H$m¶ nU J«mhH$mcm {d{dYàH$maMm e|JXmUm {‘imcm nm{hOo, Vmo ñdñVmV {‘imcm nm{hOo Am{UË¶m~amo~a Z MwH$Vm {‘imcm nm{hOo. ¶mH$[aVm CËnmXH$mcmhr H$mhr CËgmhdY©H$CÎmoOZ {‘imco nm{hOo ¶m Ñï>rZo Ë¶m§Mo ì¶dhma MmcVmV. e|JXmUm IaoXrMoVo Oo ì¶dhma AmO H$aV AmhoV Vmo e|JXmUm EH$moUZìdX gmcr ñdrgXþH$mZm§V ¶oB©c. e|JXmUm IaoXrMo H$m‘ ~KUmè¶m {VWë¶m ‘mUgmcm MmH$UAm{U ‘§Ma BWë¶m e|JXmÊ¶m§Mo d¡{eîQ>ç Vm|S>nmR> ‘mhrV hmoVo. Xa dfm©À¶meodQ>r J«mhH$ åhUyZ {OVH$s IaoXr H$aoc Ë¶m aH$‘oda ‘cm ~mam Vo drg Q>¸o${S>pìhS>§S> {‘iV Ago; nU EdT>çm OJS²>ì¶mi ghH$mar g§KQ>ZoMo ‘hfuqH$dm g‘«mQ> åhUyZ Hw$UmMm ~moc~mcm ‘r H$Yr EoH$cm Zmhr. EdT>oM ZìhoVa ¶m g§ñWoMo nXm{YH$mar ~ZÊ¶mH$[aVm cúmmdYr§Mr CYi‘mYi Pmcr AgoH$Yr H$mZmda Amco Zmhr. {ZdS>UwH$m qOH$Ê¶mgmR>r à{VñnÜ¶mªÀ¶m nmR>ram»¶m§ZmnidyZ ZoÊ¶mV Amco Ago H$Yr KS>co Zmhr qH$dm Á¶mV ‘mc R>odm¶Mm Ë¶m~maXmZm§À¶m H${_eZda Hw$Ur ghH$ma‘hfu H$moQ>çYre ~Zcm ho Va Ag§^dM.

ghH$mar MiditMm CXmoCXmo H$aUmao nwT>mar AZoH$Xm BVa Xoem§VrcghH$mar MiditMo CXmhaU XoVmV; nU Á¶m ghH$mar MidirMm àm‘w»¶mZoC„oI hmoVmo Ë¶m ¶wamonmVrc ghH$mar nÕVrMm Am{U Amnë¶m XoemVrcghH$mar nÕVrMm H$mhrhr g§~§Y Zmhr. Amnë¶m XoemV V¶ma Pmcocr nÕVho H$mhr EH$ {d{MÌM OZmda Amho. {H$Ë¶oH$ df} ¶m ghH$mar MidirZoAn¶emIoarO H$mhrM {‘i{dco Zmhr Am{U Varhr EImXo YZ§O¶amd JmS>Jri‘YyZM "ghH$ma A¶eñdr Pmcm Amho; nU ghH$ma ¶eñdr PmcmM nm{hOo'Aem KmofUm XoVmV.

ghH$mar gmIa H$maImZo, gyV{JaÊ¶m, XÿY gmogm¶Q>çm ¶m§À¶m‘wio JmdmoJmdramoOJma V¶ma Pmco, S>m§~ar gS>H$m Pmë¶m, {dOoMo {Xdo Amco, ‘moQ>magm¶H$cr,OrnJmS>çm BH$S>o {VH$S>o {’$aVmZm {Xgy cmJë¶m, H$mhr H$maImÝ¶m§À¶m n[agam§VZ‘wZoXma Jwcm~m§À¶m ~mJm Cä¶m am{hë¶m Va H$mhr {R>H$mUr H$maImÝ¶m§ZmOmoSy>Z dmÚd¥§X V¶ma Pmco. Vm§{ÌH$ emim V¶ma Pmë¶m ¶mMmM {S>pÊS>‘AZoH$ ghH$ma ‘hfu dmOdVmZm {XgVmV; nU ~¡c KoVcm Vmo Am¡VmMr H$m‘oH$am¶cm. Am¡Vmcm Ow§ncm H$s ~¡c ~gV Agoc Va Ë¶mÀ¶m a§JmÀ¶m Am{U


EodOr ghH$mar nVnwadR>çmMr ì¶dñWm Amë¶mZo, gmdH$mar g§ncr Ago Zmhr.’$maVa y{‘JV Pmcr. gmogm¶Q>rMr Á¶m§À¶mda O~m~Xmar VrM ‘§S>ir g§ñWoÀ¶mN>namImcr ~gyZM hr Zdr gmdH$mar Mmcdm¶cm cmJcr. ZdrZ m§S>dcmMr,nR>mUr ì¶mOmMr Am{U naV’o$S>rMr h‘r Agcocr gmdH$mar.

`mIoarO gmogm¶Q>rÀ¶m goH«o$Q>atZm hmV ‘mam¶cm AmUIr EH$ gwdU© g§Yr{‘iVo. {nH$H$Om©n¡H$s EH$ ^mJ n¡emÀ¶m ê$nmZo XoÊ¶mEodOr dñVwê$nmZo {XcmOmVmo. H$Om©Mr gJir a¸$‘ amoI {Xcr Va eoVH$ar Vo n¡go {~S>r-H$mS>r,ZmM- JmÊ¶mV qH$dm ~mamì¶m-Voamì¶mcm IMy©Z Q>mH$sc Aer emgZmcm‘moR>r YmñVr dmQ>V AgVo. åhUyZ H$mhr ^mJ ‘w»¶V: IVmÀ¶m qH$dm àg§Jr{~¶mÊ¶mÀ¶m ê$nm‘Ü¶o {Xcm OmVmo; nU AemZo H$m¶ àíZ gwQ>Uma Amho?eoVH$è¶mMr KaMr Am{U eoVrMr n[apñWVrM Aer H$s AmOMr {ZH$S> VaCÚmda T>H$cVm ¶oV Zmhr. gë’o$Q> Q>mH$co Va CÚm OmñV Mm§Jco nrH$ ¶oB©cho Iao; nU AmO nmoQ>mV Kmg Va Om¶cm nm{hOo. Am¡fYnmUr Va ìhm¶cmnm{hOo, ‘J eoVH$ar gmogm¶Q>rVyZ IVmMr {MÇ>r KoD$Z {ZKVmo Z² IVmÀ¶mXþH$mZXmamH$S>o ¶oVmo. ~hþYm Va XþH$mZXmaM Ë¶mcm {dMmaVmo ""IV KoUma H$mn¡go?'' IV KoUmao eoVH$ar {daimM. H$Om©n¡H$s nmMeo én¶m§Mo IV gmogm¶Q>rZoàË¶úm dñVwê$nmV Úm¶Mo R>a{dco Va XþH$mZXma eoVH$è¶mÀ¶m hmVmV amoIMmaeo én¶oM {Q>H$dVmo. `mM eoVrda, eoVH$è¶m§À¶m H$O©~mOmarnUmda H$m¶n[aUm‘ hmoV Agoc Vo CKS> Amho; nU XþH$mZXmam§Mr M§Ji hmoVo Am{UH$moÊmË¶m XþH$mZXmam§À¶m ZmdmZo {MÇ>r Úm¶Mr ho goH«o$Q>arÀ¶m hmVr Agë¶m‘wioÁ¶mcm Ë¶mcm "~mo’$mog©' KoÊ¶mMm A{YH$ma AmhoM. Ë¶m‘wio gmogm¶Q>rMmgoH«o$Q>ar hm EH$ ‘mcXma Am{U Jã~a Amgm‘r Pmcm Amho. nwT>mè¶m§erZmVog§~§Y Am{U XmoZ n¡go Odi AgUo m‘wio Ë¶mMo ‘hÎd O~aXñV AgVo.H$moUVrhr {ZdS>UyH$ Agmo goH«o$Q>arMr ’$m¡OÀ¶m ’$m¡O J«m‘godH$ B.H$‘©Mmè¶m§~amo~a amÁ¶H$Ë¶m© númmÀ¶m C‘oXdmam§À¶m àMmamH$arVm YmdniH$arV AgVo.

goH«o$Q>arÀ¶m H$‘mB©V MoAa‘ZMm {hñgm AgUmaM; nU ¶mIoarO ~±H$m,~mOma g{‘Ë¶m, Agë¶m {ZdS>UwH$m Amë¶m H$s MoAa‘Z cmoH$m§Mr M§JiMmcy hmoVo. àË¶oH$ JmdÀ¶m gmogm¶Q>rcm ‘V AgVo. ho ‘V H$moUmcm Úm¶Mo`m ~Ôc ghgm JmdÀ¶m gmogm¶Q>rMm R>amd hmoV Zmhr. `m~Ôc R>amd PmcmVar Vmo nmicm OmÊ¶mMr e³¶Vm H$mhrM Zmhr. gmogm¶Q>çmÀ¶m R>amdmÝd¶o

nmUr gmoSy>Zhr OmJm {‘idmdr cmJVo. Ë¶m‘wio goH«o$Q>ar Amncr ZmoH$arAúmae: Amnë¶m H$mH$mMr Amho qH$dm AmnU Vr {dH$V KoVcr Amho Am{UAmVm Amnë¶mcm H$‘mB© H$aÊ¶mMm nwam A{YH$maM Amho Aem WmQ>mV Vmo‘moJcmB©À¶m ‘Zg~XmamÀ¶m Vmoè¶mV dmJV AgVmo.

eoVH$è¶m§Zm nrH$H$Om©Mr naV’o$S> Va H$aVm ¶oV Zmhr Am{U Zdo H$O© Vahdo AgVo. g‘Om Joë¶m dfuMo H$O© Am{U ì¶mO {‘iyZ WH$~mH$s XrS>hOmamMrAmho. ¶m H$Om©Mr naV’o$S> Pmë¶mIoarO Zdo H$O© Va {‘iyM eH$V Zmhr. Ë¶mncrH$S>o gJù¶m gmogm¶Q>rMr {‘iyZ H$mhr {H$‘mZ dgwcr Pmcr Zmhr VaH$O©dmQ>nM VhHw$~ hmoD$Z OmVo. gmog¶Q>rcm H$O©dmQ>nmMm A{YH$ma {‘imdmåhUyZ Am{U Z§Va àË¶oH$ gXñ¶mcm ì¶º$se: nrH$ H$O© {‘imdo åhUyZnaV’o$S>rMr KmB©JXu CS>Vo. Iao åhUOo hm ’$º$ H$mJXr KmoS>o ZmMdÊ¶mMmàíZ AgVmo. åhUOo OwZo H$O© naV Pmco Ago H$mJXmonÌr XmIdm¶Mo Am{UZdo H$O© {Xco Ago XmIdm¶Mo. Zì¶m Am{U OwÝ¶m H$Om©À¶m aH$‘m§Vrc’$aH$mMr H$m¶ Vr àË¶úm XodKod ìhm¶Mr.

nU àË¶úmmV ì¶dhma IynM {d{MÌ AgVmo. naV’o$S>rMm XmIcm Vmcw³¶mcmOmdm cmJVmo. Vmcw³¶mMm XmIcm {Oëømcm Omdm cmJVmo Am{U eodQ>r amÁ¶~±Ho$H$Sy>Z ‘§Owar Amë¶mZ§Va H$O©dmQ>nmcm gwê$dmV hmoVo. hr Aer ì¶dñWmåhUOo gJù¶m goH«o$Q>arZm gwdU©g§YrM AgVo. ¶mMm à‘wI CÔoe åhUOoImOJr gmdH$marM hmoVo. naV’o$S> H$ê$ Z eH$Umao eoVH$ar JaOy. Ë¶m§À¶mdaXQ>mdUr YmH$XnQ>emMm à¶moJ n{hë¶m§Xm hmoVmo. eoVH$ar EoHy$Z KoVmV. H$m¶H$aVrc, AmYrM AmoemidmUo Pmcoco AgVmV. Ë¶mV hm ~m~m ‘ZmV AmUc§Va Orn nmR>dyZ KamVcr ^m§S>rHw§$S>rgwÕm CMcyZ AmUm¶Mm. MmaMm¡Km§V~oA~«y H$am¶Mm hr YmñVr AgVoM. ‘J eoVH$ar ñdV:M ""goH«o$Q>argmho~H$mhrVar gmo¶ H$amM Am‘Mr.'' Aer Ji Kmcy cmJVmV. ‘J goH«o$Q>argmho~ H$mhr ZdrM H$ënZm gwMë¶mMm A{^Z¶ H$aVmV Am{U eoVH$è¶m§nwT>oàñVmd ‘m§S>VmV. ""~Km, ho H$mhr ‘mP§ H$m‘ Zmhr. hm H$mhr ‘mPm Y§Xm Zmhr.‘r H$mhr gmdH$mar H$aV Zmhr; nU Vwåhr AJXrM AS>cm AmhmV Va EH$mAmoiIrÀ¶m ‘mUgmH$Sy>Z Vw‘Mr n¡emMr VmËnwaVr gmo¶ H$aVm ¶oB©c. ~Kmnm{hOo Agoc Va nU ì¶mO Úmd§ cmJoc.'' eoVH$ar Zmhr åhUyZ gm§JVmoH$moUmcm? nR>mUmÀ¶m ì¶mOmcmhr cmOdUmè¶m XamZo Vmo H$O© KoVmo. åhUOoË¶mMo OwZo H$O© {’$Q>co Ago gmogm¶Q>rÀ¶m dømV XmI{dco OmVo. gmdH$mamÀ¶m


Zmdm§Zr H$nmVr hmoVM AmhoV. gmdH$mam§Mm ì¶mOmMm Xa OmñV Ago H$maUË¶m§À¶m H$Om©cm g§aúmUM ZìhVo. H$O©~wS>ì¶m§Mo à‘mU ‘moR>o; nU gmogm¶Q>rMrH$O} ~wS>Ê¶mMm YmoH$m H$mhrM Zmhr. AJXrM ~wS>m¶cm Amcr Va EImXmA§Vwco gmogm¶Q>çm§Mm CÕma H$aÊ¶mH$arVm H$O©‘m’$s KoD$Z ¶oVmoM Am{UVarXoIrc gmogm¶Q>çm§Mo ì¶mOmMo Xa AmOhr gmdH$mar ì¶mOmnoúmm daMT>MAmho.

gmdH$ma åhUOo KamXmam§da Q>mM AmUUmam, O{‘ZrMr Oár H$aUmam,nmoam~mim§Zm XoemoYS>r cmdUmam, {nHo$ CMcyZ ZoUmam Ago {MÌ gm{hË¶mV{MVmacoco AgVo. ghH$mar gmogm¶Q>çm ¶mnoúmm H$mhr doJù¶m ZmhrV. eoVH$è¶mdaQ>mM AmUm¶cm, O{‘Zrda Oár AmUm¶cm gmdH$mamcm {ZXmZ H$moQ>m©V OmdocmJo, H$moQ>© gmdH$mam§Zm AZwHy$c Agco Var hþHy$‘ H$mhr H$moUmÀ¶mhr H$moQ>m©VMma-AmR> {Xdgm§V hmoV Zmhr. Ë¶mcm doi cmJVmo. XJXJ H$amdr cmJVoAm{U IM© ¶oVmo. gmogm¶Q>rcm Agë¶m AS>MUr ZmhrV. Ho$ìhmhr, H$YrhrhþHy$‘ H$mT>mdm, eoVH$è¶m§À¶m KaMr ^m§S>rHw§$S>r, EH$ Q´>mpÝPñQ>a Am{U AJXr~oJ‘rMo YmÝ¶gwÕm CMcyZ AmUmdo. gmdH$mam§Mm Owcy‘ AmVm Q>Jo MoAa‘ZMmc{dVmV.

gmdH$mamV Am{U gmogm¶Q>rV AmUIr EH$ ’$aH$ Amho. gmdH$ma H$Om©MmVJmXm cmdm¶Mm. Ë¶m‘wio eoVH$è¶mcm nrH$ C^o amhVm amhVmM ~mOmamV VarÝ¶mdo cmJo qH$dm gmdH$mamcmM ZoD$Z Kmcmdo cmJo. gmogm¶Q>r H$mhrYmÝ¶mÀ¶m ê$nmZo H$Om©Mr naV’o$S> ñdrH$m[aV Zmhr, åhUOo eoVH$è¶mcm~mOmamV OmUo ^mJ. gJio eoVH$ar EH$mdoir ‘mc KoD$Z ~mOmamV Amco H$s^md H$mogicoM. eoVH$è¶m§H$Sy>Z cw~mS>coco YmÝ¶YwÝ¶ JmdmVcm gmdH$maKaÀ¶m H$moR>mamV R>odm¶Mm Am{U Ooìhm Ë¶mcm gmo¶rñH$a Agoc åhUOo Ooìhm^md MT>Vo AgVrc VoìhmM ~mOmamV ZoD$Z {dH$m¶Mm, åhUOo eoVH$è¶mÀ¶mcwQ>rV hmV KmcÊ¶mMm ’$m¶Xm ehar ‘mUgm§Zm ’$magm {‘im¶Mm Zmhr. gJiocmoUr JmdmVcm gmdH$ma Im¶Mm. gmogm¶Q>r Amë¶mnmgyZ ho cmoUr gJioÀ¶mgJio ehamVrc cmoH$m§Zm Im¶cm {‘im¶cm cmJco. hm EdT>m ‘mÌ ’$aH$Pmcm. gmogm¶Q>rMoM H$emcm. XÿY, gmIa, H$mnyg doJdoJù¶m úmoÌm§VrcghH$mar MidirMo ahñ¶ gmW©nUo H$emV {XgV Agoc Va AmYrMXm[aÐçmZo {nMcoë¶m IoS>çm§VyZ AmUIr EH$ Zir IwngyZ eham§Zm AmUIr‘mco‘mc H$aUo `mV.

gd©gmYmaUnUo MoAa‘ZcmM ‘VXmZ H$aÊ¶mMm nyU© A{YH$ma {Xcm OmVmo.‘J H$m¶ {dMmaVm? H$mhr {Xdg gJir ‘m¡O Am{U ‘OmM. gJù¶m MoAa‘Zm§ZmAmam‘JmS>rZo ¶mÌocm ZoUo, W§S> hdoÀ¶m {R>H$mUr ZoUo, ‘moR>çm eham§V ZoUoAm{U ‘m§g, ‘Q>UmnmgyZ Vo gJù¶mM daÀ¶m JaOm {ZdS>UwH$sÀ¶m {Xdgmn¶ªV¶Wmgm§J nwU© H$aÊ¶mMr O~m~Xmar {ZdS>UwH$sVrc C‘oXdmaM CMcVmV. hoÁ¶mcm O‘Vo Ë¶m§ZmM ghH$ma‘hfu åhUVmV.

JmdmVrc {d.H$m.g.godm gmogm¶Q>rMo eoVH$è¶mcm {XgUmao dmñVd ê$n hoAgo Amho. MoAa‘ZMr M§Ji Pmcr Am{U goH«o$Q>ar Jã~a Pmcm `mMoeoVH$è¶m§Zm ’$mago gmo¶agwVH$ ZgVo. ^m½¶dmZ ‘mUgm§Mr ~moQ>o VwnmVMAgm¶Mr. H$YrH$mi Amnë¶mcmhr Aer g§Yr {‘imcr Va anoQ> ‘Om ¶oB©cAgm WmoS>m dmQ>cm Va ‘ËgaM; nU `m g§ñWm Mmc{dUmè¶m ‘mUgm§Zm Am{UË¶mVyZ ‘hfu qH$dm g‘«mQ> ~Zcoë¶m nwT>mè¶m§Mo EdT>çmZo mJV Zmhr. ‘mcm‘mchmoD$Z Ë`m§Mr ^yH$ ^mJV Zmhr. eoVH$è`m§Mo gcm_ KodyZ Ë`m§Mr VhmZ ^mJVZmhr. amOH$maUmVë¶m IwÀ¶m© Am{U gÎmm ~iH$mdyZ Ë¶m§Mr ‘hÎdmH$m§úmmg§nV Zmhr. Ë¶m§Zm AmUIr da AmnU g§V ‘hmË‘o AmhmoV, eoVH$è¶m§À¶mAm{U J[a~m§À¶m ë¶mH$[aVm AmnU Xoh PrO{dV AmhmoV Ag X§ hr {‘adm¶MmAgVmo.

`m ghH$ma‘hfvZr nV nwadR>çmÀ¶m ì¶dñWoV H$m¶ H$m¶ {‘i{dco?qH$dm eoVH$è¶m§Mo H$m¶ ^co Ho$co `mMm IamoIaM {dMma Ho$cm Va CÎmaAJXrM {ZamemOZH$ Amho. {d.H$m.go.g. gmogm¶Q>r `m Zmdmdê$ZM hr H$mhrHo$di nrH$H$O© dmQ>nmMr g§ñWm Zmhr ho ñnï> Amho. {VZo {d{dY àH$maÀ¶mgodm eoVH$è¶m§Zm Úm¶À¶m AmhoV. ‘yi VaVwXrà‘mUo gmog¶Q>rZo eoVH$è¶m§ZmH$mQ>H$garMr gd¶ cmdmdr d Ë¶m§Zr Ho$cocr ~MV R>odrÀ¶m ê$nmZo pñdH$mê$Zamï´>r¶ Jw§VdUwH$sV eoVH$è¶m§Mm {hñgm R>odmdm Aer ‘moR>r amo‘m§MH$mar H$ënZm‘yi OZH$mÀ¶m ‘ZmV hmoVr; nU eoVH$è¶m§Zm XmVmda ‘mam¶cm {Q>H$cr ZmhrVoWo Ë¶m§Zr R>od R>odm¶Mr H$gcr? OwÝ¶m gmdH$mamÀ¶m OmJr gmogm¶Q>rAmë¶mZo H$m¶ ’$aH$ nS>cm `mMm IamoIaM {dMma H$aÊ¶mgmaIm Amho.gmdH$mamÀ¶m Kar AÜ¶m©amÌr Joc§ Var H$O© {‘iy eH$V Ago AmVm H$O© AO©Ho$ë¶mnmgyZ AZoH$m§À¶m ‘Ouà‘mUo Oo {‘iVo Vo eoVH$è¶m§Mr JaO g§në¶mZ§VaM.H$O© XoÊ¶mnydu gmdH$ma H$nmVr H$am¶Mm- {VOmoar CKS>m¶Mr H$s, dhrCKS>m¶Mr H$s, cú‘rnyOoMr X{úmUm, Am{U BVa nÞmg. AmOhr doJù¶m


_Üò eoVH$è¶m§Zm gmogm¶Q>rZo {Xcoco nrH$H$O© ’$º$ Vodrg H$moQ>r én¶o hmoVo.AmO Vo EH$drgeo H$moQ>tda nmohmoMco Amho. ¶m AmH$S>çm§Mm Cn¶moJ H$ê$ZghH$mar nVnwadR>m hm ’$ma ¶eñdr Pmcm Amho Aer ’w$emaH$s ‘macr OmVo.Í¶mhÎma Vo ã¶mE|er `m H$mimV eoVH$è¶m§Zm {‘imcoë¶m nrH$H$Om©V {deofdmT> Pmcr åhUOo OdiOdi Xadfu n§Yam Q>³³¶m§Zr nrH$H$Om©Mr a¸$‘dmT>V Jocr; nU ZwgVr a¸$‘ dmT>ë¶mZo H$m¶ hmoVo? Ë¶m aH$‘oMr Iar {H$‘VH$m¶? ê$n¶m Va Xadfu hcH$m hmoVmo Amho. ‘J H$Om©Mr ZwgVr a¸$‘ dmT>dyZH$m¶ Cn¶moJ? {‘iUmè¶m H$Om©‘Ü¶o eoVH$è¶mcm {H$Vr IV {dH$V KoVmAmco AgVo? ¶mMm Oa {hemo~ H$mT>cm Va XadfuMr dmT> ’$º$ Mma Q>³³¶m§da¶oVo.

eoVH$è¶m§Zm CncãY Agcoë¶m H$Om©Mr a¸$‘ dmT>cr Ago ‘mÝ¶ Ho$coVarhr Ë¶mV ^yfUmñnX Ago H$mhrM Zmhr. Xadfu OwÝ¶mMo Zdo H$aV H$aVeoVH$ar OJV amhrc Va H$Om©Mr a¸$‘ dmT>V OmUo ¶mMm AW© EdT>mM H$sMma XeH$mZ§VagwÕm eoVH$è¶mcm eoVrÀ¶m H$ï>mVyZ IV, {~¶mÊ¶m§Mo n¡gogwÕm’o$S>Ê¶mMr VmH$X Amcocr Zmhr. ¶mV {‘erda Vmd ‘mê$Z ’w$emaH$s ‘maÊ¶mgmaIoH$mhrM Zmhr. ¶m H$Om©Mm Cn¶moJ H$gm Pmcm? ho nmhÊ¶mgmaIo Amho.

àVr ho³Q>ar H$O©nwadR>m {Xgm¶cm én¶o n§MoMmirgnmgyZ é. XrS>eon¶ªVdmT>cm; nU qH$‘VrV Pmcocr dmT> cúmmV KoVcr Va H$O©nwadR>m AmOhràVr ho³Q>ar åhUOo AS>rM EH$am‘mJo {H$Vr IM© ¶oVmo? ~mgîQ> én¶mVH$mhrVar ^mJVo H$m¶? Am{U ¶m gamgar ~mgï> én¶mV Cgmgma»¶m {nH$m§ZmXhm hOma é. EH$ar {‘iUmar H$O} {hemo~mV KoVcr Va Cacoë¶m {nH$m§ZmH$m¶ {‘iV Agoc? ¶mMm A§XmO gmonm Amho; nU ¶m n¡emV eoVH$ar H$m¶H$arV AgVrc Am{U ^mJdV AgVrc ho g‘OUo H$R>rU Amho.

eoVrÀ¶m gamgar CËnmXZIMm©Mm A§XmO gaH$mar VÁkm§Zr Ho$cm Amho.1982-83 _Üò eoVrMm EHy$U CËnmXZ IM© gVam hOma ghmeo ZD$ H$moQ>ré. Pmcm Ago Ë¶m§Mo åhUUo Amho. ¶mdfu nVnwadR>m XmoZ hOma nmMeoAR>çmÊUd H$moQ>r én¶m§Mm Pmcm åhUOo EHy$U CËnmXZ IMm©À¶m nñVrgQ>¸o$.

`mM dfu åhUOo 1982-83 H$Om©Mo dmQ>n XmoZ H$moQ>r AH$am cmI Pmco.EH$m eoVH$è¶mMo EH$M ImVo Amho Ago J¥hrV Yaco Am{U àË¶oH$ eoVH$arH$moUm EH$m g§ñWoH$Sy>Z EH$M H$O© KoVmo Ago Yaco Varhr XoemVrc EHy$U ZD$

Omon¶ªV eoVr hm VmoQ>çmV MmcUmam ì¶dgm¶ Amho Vmon¶ªV nVnwadR>mgmdH$mar Agmo, ghH$mar Agmo H$s gaH$mar Agmo, eoVH$ar ‘am¶Mm dmMyeH$V Zmhr. ghH$mar J«m‘rU nVnwadR>çmda {T>Jm§Zr Ahdmc Pmco; nU eoVrY§ÚmÀ¶m AmOÀ¶m n[apñWVrV H$moUVohr H$O© naV ’o$S>Ê¶mMr VmH$X eoVrì¶dgm¶mV Amho qH$dm Zmhr ¶mMm {dMma H$moUË`mM {dÛmZmZo Ho$cm Zmhr.eoVr H$O©nmÌ Amho qH$dm Zmhr EdT>m EH$ àíZ gmoSy>Z gJù¶m H$mhràH$m§S>n§{S>Vr MMm© Pmë¶m.

gaH$maZo H$O© Úm¶Mo Am{U gaH$maZoM eoVr ~wS>dm¶Mr Agm hm IoiMmcy Amho. eoVH$ar ~wS>cm Va nm{hOo nU Icmg Va ìhm¶cm ZH$mo.CÚmgwÕm eoVr {nH$dm¶cm {Od§V am{hcm nm{hOo, Ë¶mZo eoVr {nH${dcrnm{hOo Am{U nrH$ Cô amhVmM YmdV OmD$Z ~mOmamV Ë¶mMm {ccmd ‘m§S>cmnm{hOo. hr ¶m ì¶dñWoMr JaO Amho. ho Á¶mcm g‘Oco Zmhr Vmo doS>mIwimMnVnwadR>çmÀ¶m ghH$mar g§ñWm H$mTy>Z eoVH$è¶m§Mo ^co hmoD$ eH$Vo AgmdoS>Ji H$m§Jmdm H$ê$ eHo$c.

ghH$mamVco AmnU H$moUr ‘hmkmZr AmhmoV, Amnë¶mcm H$m¶ Vo gJiog‘OVo Agm Amd H$moUr {H$Vrhr AmUmo, H$moUr Ë¶m§À¶mda Q>rH$m Ho$cr VaË¶m§À¶m kmZm~Ôc ho ghH$mag‘«mQ> ^cr e§H$m KodmoV; gË¶ ho Amho H$sAJXr gaH$mar H$mJXmonÌr gaH$mar Ahdmcm§À¶m Am{U AmH$S>odmarÀ¶mAmYmamZoM ghH$mar nVnwadR>çmÀ¶m ì¶dñWoMr {XdmiImoar ñd¶§{gÕ Amho.

ñdmV§Í¶mZ§Va J«m‘rU nVnwadR>çmgmR>r AZoH$ ¶§ÌUm aMë¶m Joë¶m. B§{n[a¶c~±Ho$Mr ñQ>oQ> ~±H$ Pmcr. gmogm¶Q>çm dmT>ë¶m. VmcwH$m, {Oëhm ~±H$m Amë¶m,àmXo{eH$ ~±H$m Amë¶m, ImOJr ~±H$m§Mo amï´>r¶rH$aU Pmco. Ë¶m§À¶mda J«m‘rUH$O} dmT>{dÊ¶mMr gº$s Pmcr. Zm~mS>©gma»¶m n§MVmam§{H$V g§ñWm Pmë¶mAm{U VarXoIrc VodT>o H$ê$Z J«m‘rU nVnwadR>çmÀ¶m ì¶dñWoMr àJVr H$m¶Pmcr? ho nmhÊ¶mgmaIo Amho.

E¸$mdÞ gmcr XoemV EH$ cmI nmM hOma gmogm¶Q>çm hmoË¶m. n§[S>VZohê§$À¶m H$mimV Agë¶m H$m‘mMr Iyn ââmQ> Pmcr. gmogm¶Q>çm§Mrg§»¶m XþßnQ Pmcr åhUOo XmoZ cúm ~mam hOmamda Jocr. ¶mZ§Va gmogm¶Q>çm~§X nS>m¶cm gwédmV Pmcr EH$mhÎma _Üò. Í¶mE|er gmcr gmogm¶Q>çm§Mrg§»`m \$º$ Mm¡è`mÊUd hOma am{hcr. åhUOo Í`m§ernojm g§ñWm§Mr g§»`mE¸$mdÞ gmcmnoúmmgwÕm H$‘r hmoVr. nrH$ H$O© ‘mÌ PnmQ>çmZo dmT>co. E¸$mdÞ


2. H$mnyg EH$m{YH$ma: eoVH$è¶mcm cwQ>Ê¶mMr d daH$‘mB©Mr¶moOZm

npíM‘ ‘hmamï´>mVrc nwT>mè¶m§Zm Ogm Ë¶m§À¶m ghH$mar gmIa H$maImÝ¶m§MmA{^‘mZ Amho VgmM {dX^m©Vrc nwT>mè¶m§Zm H$mnyg EH$m{YH$ma IaoXr~Ôc.H$mnyg EH$m{YH$ma IaoXr ghH$mar ì¶dñWm Amho Ago {Z^©¶nUo åhUUoH$R>rU Amho. nydu IaoXrMr ì¶dñWm ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶ ‘mH}$qQ>J ’o$S>aoeZ H$aVAgo. AmVm Ë¶mgmR>r ñdV§Ì ‘hm‘§S>i V¶ma H$aÊ¶mV Amco. Var ¶m ¶moOZoMrEHy$U aMZm ghH$mar nÕVrMrM Amho. eoVH$è¶m§Zr H$mnyg XoVm§Zm H$mhr EH$a¸$‘ n{hcm hám åhUyZ ¿¶mdr Am{U dfm©À¶m eodQ>r Pmcoë¶m ’$m¶Úm-VmoQ>çmZwgma eoVH$è¶m§Zm {‘im¶Mr AIoaMr a¸$‘ R>amdr hr d¡{eîQ>ço ghH$marì¶dñWoMrM AmhoV. Ë¶m{edm¶ eoVH$è¶m§H$Sy>Z eoAa m§S>dcmnmoQ>r m§S>dcr{ZYrgmR>r qH$dm MT>CVma {ZYrgmR>r a¸$‘ Jmoim H$aUo hohr ghH$mar nÕVrergwg§JV Amho.

daH$_mB©Mo gmYZ‘hm‘§S>i V¶ma H$aÊ¶mMr ¶moOZm VrZ-Mma dfmªnydu Omhra Pmcr Voìhm

{dX^m©Vrc nwT>mar ‘§S>itMm AmZ§X ñnï> {XgV hmoVm. npíM‘ ‘hmamï´>mVgmIa H$maImZXmar Amho. Ë¶mcm g‘m§Va Ago {dX^m©V H$mhrM Zmhr. Ë¶m‘wio{dX^m©V H$mngmgmR>r ‘hm‘§S>i V¶ma hmoUo Amdí`H$ Amho Agm Ë¶m§Mm¶w{º$dmX hmoVm; nU åhUÊ¶mMm gya Agm H$s ""npíM‘ ‘hmamï´>mVrc nwT>mè¶m§Mr~Km {H$Vr ‘Om Amho. eoVH$è¶m§Zm cwQ>m¶cm Ë¶m§À¶m hmVr gmIaH$maImÝ¶m§gmaIo O~aXñV gmYZ Amho. ¶m H$maImÝ¶m§‘wio Ë¶m§Zm daH$‘mB©{H$VrVar H$aVm ¶oVo, Amåhmcm ‘mÌ Ago H$mhrM {‘iV Zmhr. eoVH$è¶m§ZmcwQ>Ê¶mMr Am{U daH$‘mB© H$aÊ¶mMr Am‘Mrhr H$mhr gmo¶ Pmcr nm{hOo.''

npíM‘ ‘hmamï´>mV CgmMr cmJdS> H$‘r hmoV Mmccr d H$maImÝ¶m§Mm~S>oOmd dmT>V Mmccm. Ver H$mhr H$maImÝ¶m§Mr n[apñWVr IynM dmB©Q>Pmcr Am{U Ë¶m H$maImÝ¶m§Mo gXñ¶ eoVH$argwÕm hm H$maImZm ~§X nS>cmVa ~ao åhUOo {ZXmZ Xþgè¶m EImÚm ~ar qH$‘V XoUmè¶m H$maImÝ¶mcm D$gKmcVm ¶oB©c Aem y{‘Ho$H$S>o ¶oD$ cmJco AmhoV; nU {dX^m©V amï´>^º$sÀ¶mVmoS>rZo EH$m{YH$ma^º$s eoVH$è¶m§V cmoH${à¶ H$aÊ¶mV Amcr. eoVH$è¶m§À¶m

H$moQ>r N>Îmrg cmI ImVoXmam§n¡H$s ’$º$ Vodrg Q>¸o$ eoVH$è¶m§Zm nVnwadR>mPmcm Amho.

Aer AdñWm AgVmZmM ghH$mar ~±H$m CVaUrcm cmJë¶m. Ë¶m§Mrg§»¶m H$‘r hmoD$ cmJcr Amho. H$maU gmogm¶Q>çm ~§X nS>VmhoV. gmogm¶Q>çm~§X nS>Ê¶mMo à‘wI H$maU AWm©VM dmT>Vr WH$~mH$s Amho. Zì¶mOwÝ¶m§MmgJim O§Omi Ü¶mZmV KoD$Zhr WH$~mH$s dmT>V Amho. EH$mdÞ _Üò OoìhmVodrg H$moQ>r én¶m§Mo H$O©dmQ>n Pmco hmoVo Voìhm WH$~mH$s ’$º$ ghm H$moQ>rê$n¶m§Mr hmoVr. åhUOo H$O©dmQ>n WH$~mH$sÀ¶m OdiOdi Mm¡nQ> hmoVo.CcQ> Í¶mE|er _Üò H$O©dmQ>n EH$drgeo H$moQ>r hmoVo Va WH$~mH$s g‚mS>n§Yameo H$moQ>r én¶mMr åhUOo H$O©dmQ>nmV WH$~mH$sÀ¶m 1.4 nQ> hmoVo.

Or H$mhr àJVr hmoV Amho Ë¶mVrc ’$ma ‘moR>m {hñgm amï´>r¶rH¥$V ~±H$m§MmAmho. Í¶mE|er _Üò nVnwadR>çmVrc ghH$mar g§ñWm§Mm ^mJ én¶mV ZìdXn¡go hmoVm. Vmo AmO Í¶mhÎma n¡em§n¶ªV Kgacm Amho Am{U amï´>r¶rH¥$V~±H$m§Mm gh^mJ ¶mM H$mimV Xhm Q>ŠŠ`m§nmgyZ dmTy>Z ~mdrg Q>ŠŠ`m§n¶ªVOmD$Z nmohmoMcm Amho.

eoVrMm Y§Xm VmoQ>çmV. Ë¶m‘wio eoVH$è¶m§H$S>o R>od R>odm¶cm {Zìdi ~MVhmoÊ¶mMr H$mhr e³¶VmM Zmhr. gmogm¶Q>çm§Zm eoVH$è¶m§H$Sy>Z R>odr {‘iUmaZmhr åhQ>ë¶mda Ë¶m§Mo H$m‘ EH$M am{hco Vo åhUOo daVyZ ¶oUmè¶m n¡emMoH$O© åhUyZ dmQ>n H$aUo. eoVrÀ¶m ñdV:À¶m VmH$Xrda ¶m H$Om©Mr naV’o$S>hmoÊ¶mMr e³¶Vm Zmhr Ago åhQ>ë¶mda ‘J m gJù¶m H$O© ì¶dhmamVyZ AW©ì¶dhma {ZKyZ OmVmo. ‘J CaVmo Vmo Ho$di nwT>mè¶m§Mm Xm§S>JonUm, goH«o$Q>arMmñdmW© Am{U hm¡go, Zdgo Jdgo MoAa_Z. `m AdñWo~Ôc A{^‘mZ~miJÊ¶mgmaIo H$mhr ZmhrM. Amåhr Mm§Jë¶m hoVyZo Ho$co nU O‘co Zmhrho g‘W©Zhr ImoQ>o Am{U c§JS>o. H$maImZXmam§Zm nVnwadR>m {‘iVmo H$maUH$maImZo ’$m¶ÚmV MmcVmV. Ë¶m‘wio ~±H$m H$maImZXmam§À¶m ‘mJo H$O©nwa{dÊ¶mgmR>r YmdV AgVmV. eoVr ’$m¶ÚmMr AgVr Va ghH$mar ì¶dñWoVyZnVnwadR>çmMo ñdì¶mngì¶ H$amdoM cmJco ZgVo. ~±H$m eoVH$è¶m§À¶m ‘mJoYmdë¶m AgË¶m Am{U H$Om©Mm ì¶dhma AW©H$maUmMm Pmcm AgVm. hoÁ¶m§Zm g‘Oco Zmhr qH$dm g‘OV Zmhr Ë¶m§Mm hoVy eoVrÀ¶m ë¶mMm ZìhVm.nVnwadR>m ìhmdm Agmhr ZìhVm. Amnmnë¶m {n„m§Zm Mam¶cm Hw$aUo H$ê$ZXoÊ¶mMm hmoVm Ago åhQ>co Va dñVwpñWVrcm gmoSy>Z Z¸$sM Zmhr.


{‘idë¶m. ‘hmamï´>mVrc {X½JO ghH$mar nwT>mè¶m§Zm ho H$YrM O‘co Zmhr.n[aUm‘V: EH$m{YH$ma ¶moOZm A§‘cmV Amë¶mnmgyZ EImX Xþgè¶m dfm©Mm

AndmX gmoS>cm Va ‘hmamï´>mÀ¶m eoOmaÀ¶m amÁ¶m§V H$nmerÀ¶m qH$‘VrEH$m{YH$mamVrc qH$‘Vrnoúmm daMT> am{hë¶m. eoVH$è¶m§Zm OmñV qH$‘VrXoUmè¶m eoOmaÀ¶m amÁ¶m§Vrc ì¶mnmè¶m§Zr JS>J§O Z’$m H$‘mdcm Va eoVH$è¶m§ZmH$‘r qH$‘V XoUmè¶m EH$m{YH$ma IaoXrg ‘mÌ gVV VmoQ>m hmoV am{hcm.

EH$m{YH$ma IaoXrg§~§YrÀ¶m H$m¶ÚmÀ¶m àmñVm{dH$mV åhQ>ë¶mà‘mUoÁ¶mdoir hr ¶moOZm V¶ma Pmcr Ë¶mdoir ê$B©À¶m JmR>tZm ~mOmamV MT>m ^md{‘iV hmoVm; nU ~mOmaì¶dñWoVrc Xmof Am{U ‘Ü¶ñWm§Mm gwigwimQ>¶m‘wio CËnmXH$m§Zm Ë¶m§Mm amñV {hñgm {‘iV ZìhVm. Agm amñV {hñgm{‘idyZ XoUo ho EH$m{YH$ma ¶moOZoMo à‘wI C{Ôï> hmoVo.

OdiOdi n§Yam df} ¶moOZm Mmcë¶mZ§Va ’$aH$ Vmo EdT>mM nS>cm H$sAmVm ê$B©Mm ~mOma VoOrV Zmhr Va ‘§XrV Amho. Vmo ‘§XrV AgÊ¶mMo à‘wIH$maU Ho$§Ð emgZmMo dómoÚmoJ YmoaUM Amho. ¶m nS>Ë¶m ^mdm§Mr dmgcmVEH$m{YH$ma IaoXr Am{U ghH$mar‘mVªS> ¶m§Zr cmdyZ Q>mH$cr Amho. EH$m{YH$maIaoXrÀ¶m gwédmVrÀ¶m VwcZoZo CËnmXH$ eoVH$ar AmVm A{YH$M H§$JmcPmcm Amho. EdT>oM Zìho Va BVa amÁ¶m§Vrc H$mnyg CËnmXH$ eoVH$è¶m§À¶mVwcZoZo Ë¶mÀ¶mda AÝ¶m¶ Pmcm.

EH$m{YH$mamÀ`m An`emMr H$maUoEH$m{YH$mamMm nam^d H|$Ð emgZmÀ¶m H$mnyg YmoaUmZo Pmcm ho ’$º$

{Zå‘oM gË¶ Amho. ê$B©À¶m ~mOmamV {‘iUma qH$‘V EH$m{YH$ma nÕVrVeoVH$è¶mÀ¶m hmVr nS>Ê¶mAmYr {Vcm AZoH$ ’$mQ>o ’w$Qy> cmJco. EH$m{YH$maMrAH$m¶©úm‘Vm Am{U ^«ï>mMma ¶m‘wio eoVH$ar nydunoúmmhr A{YH$ ZmJdcmOmD$ cmJcm.

EH$m{YH$mamV ‘w»¶V: VrZ H$m‘o hmoVmV. H$mngmMr IaoXr, H$mngmdarcà{H«$¶m, ê$B©Mr {dH«$s.

H$mngmÀ¶m IaoXrV àM§S ^«ï>mMma hmoVmo ho H$mhr Hw$Umcm Jw{nV Zmhr.J«oqS>J, dOZmMm H$mQ>m ¶mV BVH$m Jm|Yi hmoVmo H$s Xadfu àË¶oH$ {d^mJmVEH$ Var AmJ cmJë¶mIoarO H$mnyg IaoXrMm {heo~ nwam hmoD$M eH$V ZmhrAgo eoVH$ar Moï>oZo åhUVmV.

H$mngmnmgyZ ê$B© ~Zon¶ªV ImOJr ì¶dgm¶mV gmYmanUo XrS> Q>³³¶m§Mr

Am§XmocZmVrc ~hþVoH$ ‘§S>im§Mr EH$m{YH$ma ì¶dñWoV H$mhr Zm H$mhr gmo¶cmJcr. Ë¶m‘wio EH$m{YH$ma IaoXr åhUOo eoVH$è¶m§À¶m hmVr Amcocr‘hmàM§S> {dO¶lr Amho Am{U H$moUË¶mhr n[apñWVrV {Vcm Y¸$m cmJVmH$m‘m Z¶o Ago dmVmdaU V¶ma H$aÊ¶mV Amco hmoVo. godmJ«m‘À¶m Jm§Yr^º$m§ZrH$Xm{MV JmohË¶og g§‘Vr {Xcr AgVr; nU H$mnyg EH$m{YH$mamcm Y¸$mcmdÊ¶g {dX^m©Vrc àñWm{nV nwT>mar V¶ma Pmco ZgVo.

1980-81 _Ü`o ‘r ¶m {df¶mda ~mocVm§Zm åhQ>co ""IaoXr ì¶dñWmH$moUVrhr Agmo; gaH$mar Agmo ghH$mar Agmo H$s ì¶mnmè¶mMr Agmo,na‘oœamMr Agmo H$s g¡VmZmMr Agmo eoVH$è¶mcm CËnmXZ IMm©da AmYm[aVamñV ^md {‘iUo ho ‘hÎdmMo'' Vm~S>Vmo~ Mmar ~mOy§Zr H$mdH$md MmcyPmcr. eaX Omoer Am{U eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm gaH$maZo Mmcy Ho$coë¶m ¶m WmoaCnH«$‘mÀ¶m {dê$Õ AmhoV Aer hmH$mQ>r Mmcy Pmcr. EH$m{YH$ma hr {dX^m©VrcH$mnyg CËnmXH$m§Mr "n{dÌ Jm¶' ~Zcr hmoVr. EH$m{YH$ma hm ^mdZoMm àíZ~Zcm hmoVm. ì¶dhmamMm Zmhr.

H$mnyg CËnmXH$m§À`m {hVmMo Ho$di ZmdeoVH$è¶m§Zr EdT>çm nyÁ¶ ‘mZcoë¶m EH$m{YH$mamMr AmOn¶ªVMr H$m‘{Jar

Var H$m¶ Amho? EHy$U H$nmerImcrc O{_Zrn¡H$s Vrg Q>¸o$ O‘rZ ‘hmamï´>mVAmho. H$mnygCËnmXZ ‘mÌ gVam Q>¸o$ Amho. ¶mMo à‘wI H$maU åhUOoH$mngmImcrc Mma Q>¸o$ O‘rZgwÕm ~mJm¶Vr Zmhr. XoemVrc àVr EH$argamgar CËnmXZ XmoZ q¹$Q>cÀ¶m Amgnmg Amho Va ‘hmamï´>mV Vo q¹$Q>cÀ¶mhrImcr Amho. gmh{OH$M ‘hmamï´>mVrc H$nmerMm CËnmXZ IM© BVa amÁ¶m§À¶mVwcZoZo OmñV Amho. H$nmerEodOr n¶m©¶r {nHo$ KoÊ¶mMm à¶ËZ {ZXmZ H$moaS>dmhÿ^mJmV Var ’$magm ¶eñdr Pmcocm Zmhr. Aem n[apñWVrV ‘hmamï´>mVrcH$mnyg eoVH$è¶m§Zm {deof ghmæ¶mMr JaO Amho ho CKS> Amho. gmVmam,Ah‘XZJa ¶m {OëømVrc H$mnyg CËnmXH$ eoVH$è¶m§Zr H$mngmMr IynMm§Jcr {nHo$ H$mT>cr; nU EHy$U IM©-CËnÞmMr dOm~mH$s H$aVm Ë¶m§ZrH$mngmMo CËnmXZ AmQ>monVM AmUco. Am{U Vo CgmH$S>o diy cmJco. drgQ> o$ H$mnyg {nH$dUmè¶m amÁ¶mVrc EH$m ‘hmàM§S> ghH$mar ì¶dñWog ‘hmamï>mVrceoVH$è¶m§gmR>r {deof qH$‘V {‘idyZ KoUo O‘co Zmhr. Amo[agm, {~hma, CÎmaàXoe Am{U BVa amÁ¶m§Vrc CgmMr cmJdS> AerM AH$m¶©úm‘ Amho; nUVoWrc eoVH$è¶m§À¶m ‘wI§S>m§Zr Amnmnë¶m amÁ¶mcm Img coìhr qH$‘Vr


gaH$mar ghmæ` Am{U AZwXmZ ¶m§Mm ‘moR>m {hñgm Amho. ghH$mar Midir{df¶r Jd© {‘adUmè¶m§Mo ZmH$ CVadÊ¶mg hm qH$‘VrMm Vº$m nwaogm Amho.

nwéfmoÎm‘ eoVH$ar ‘hmamï´> H$mnygg§ñWoÀ¶m qH$‘Vr EH$m{YH$maÀ¶m {H$‘Vr

gZ e§H$a-4 EM-41974 615 4501975 426 2991976 493 3551977 675 5141978 568 4201979 545 3521980 572 ---1981 685 5201982 602 5201983 657 5201984 747 5801985 675 5921986 615 5921987 774 ---

3. ghH$mar gmIa MidirMr emoH$m§{VH$m

ghH$mar MidirZo eoVH$è¶m§Mm CÕma Ho$cm, ghH$mar Midir åhUOoMeoVH$è¶m§Mr EH$‘od ‘hÎdmMr Midi hm {dMma ghH$mar gmIa H$maImÝ¶m§À¶mZoË¶m§Zr {deof AmJ«hmZo ‘m§S>cm Amho. gmIa H$maImZm H$mT>mdm, Ë¶mÀ¶mAmYmamZo nmÊ¶mMr ì¶dñWm H$ê$Z CgmImcMo úmoÌ dmT>dmdo, cmJdS>rMoemór¶ ì¶dñWmnZ H$ê$Z D$geoVrMr CËnmXH$Vm Am{U CgmVrc eH©$am§edmT>dmdm, dmhVyH$ Am{U JirV nyU© H$m¶©úm‘VoZo MmcdyZ gmIaoMo CËnmXZdmT>dmdo åhUOo D$gCËnmXH$m§Mo gd©Vmonar H$ë¶mU hmoB©c Aer ^y{‘H$mghH$mar gmIa H$maImÝ¶mÀ¶m AmÚ àUoË¶m§Zr ‘m§S>cr hmoVr. H$maImÝ¶m§MrñWmnZm Ho$cr Am{U Vo H$m¶©úm‘VoZo Mmcdco åhUOo H$maImÝ¶mÀ¶m {VOmoarVOmD$Z nS>Umam ’$m¶Xm eoVH$è¶m§À¶m nXar nS>oc Am{U Ë¶m‘wio D$g {nH${dUmè¶meoVH$è¶mcm Ë¶mÀ¶m ‘mcmMr Mm§Jcr, EdT>oM Zìho Va AmH$f©H$ qH$‘V

KQ> hmoVo. H$mhr {R>H$mUr CËnmXH$m§Zr Am{U A{YH$mè¶m§Zr g§JZ‘VmZo Ho$coë¶m^«ï>mMmam‘wio IaoXr Ho$coë¶m H$mngmMo dOZ OmñV cmdco OmVo Am{U ‘JKQ>rMr Q>¸o$dmar gmV, AmR> qH$dm ZD$ Q>³³¶m§n¶ªV OmVo; nU hm àH$ma ’$ma‘hÎdmMm Zmhr. ¶mo½¶nUo IaoXr Pmcoë¶m H$mngmVhr gmS>oMma Q>¸o$ KQ> hmoVo.

EH$m{YH$ma ì¶dñWo‘wio Ë¶mV ZmoH$ar cmJcoë¶m§Mo Mm§Jco ^co PmcoAmho. H$mnyg H$Yr ¶odmo Z ¶odmo. gaH$mar ImË¶mà‘mUo A{YH$mè¶m§Mr ’$m¡O,Ë¶m§À¶m JmS>çm, Ë¶m§Mo Mnamer, Ë¶m§À¶m ga~am¶m MmcyM amhVmV. ImOJrì¶mnmar EH$ I§S>r ê$B©‘mJo gmVeo é. àemgZ Am{U ì¶dñWmnZmÀ¶m H$m‘mgmR>rIM© H$aVmo. EH$m{YH$ma IaoXrV hmM IM© EH$ I§S>r ê$B©‘mJo ~mameo nÞmgén¶mÀ¶mda OmVmo.

BV³¶m Hw$VaAmoT>rZo V¶ma Pmcocr ê$B© {dH$m¶Mr nmir Amcr H$s ‘JM§Ji> hmoVo {JaUr‘mcH$m§Mr. nydu ‘w§~B©Vrc {JaUr‘mcH$ {H$‘mZ ‘{hZm^amMrH$mngmMr ~oJ‘r H$aV AgV. EH$m{YH$ma IaoXr‘wio AmVm Agm gmR>mH$aÊ¶mMr Amdí¶H$Vm am{hcr Zmhr. Ho$ìhmhr Omdo, V¶ma hOa gmR>çmVyZH$mnyg KoD$Z ¶mdm. ZmoH$aXma {dH$Umao, EH$m ~mOycm ^moio^m~S>o Am{U ~mOyAm{U Xþgè¶m ~mOycm H$gcoco ‘waã~r ì¶mnmar. n[aUm‘V: EH$m{YH$mamVrcê$B©À¶m {dH«$sMr qH$‘V ~mOmanoR>oVrc qH$‘Vrnoúmm Mmirg Vo nÞmg é. à{VI§S>r H$‘rM ^aVo.

IaoXrV ^«ï>mMma, à{H«$¶oV KQ>, àemgH$s¶ IM© AdmT>ì¶ Am{U {dH«$sVgyQ> ¶m nÕVrZo MmcUmar ì¶dñWm hr eoVH$è¶m§À¶m ’$m¶ÚmMr AgyM eH$VZmhr. ¶m ì¶dñWoZo ’$m¶Xm Pmcm Vmo Ë¶mV ZmoH$ar {‘imcoë¶m ZmoH$aXmam§Mm,H$mngmÀ¶m ~oJ‘rÀ¶m AmoÂ¶mVyZ gwQ>coë¶m {JaUr‘mcH$m§Mm Am{U J„rnmgyZVo ‘c~ma {hcn¶ªVÀ¶m nwT>mè¶m§Mm.

AmoënmS>-eoVH$ar {hVXj Zâ`mVrc ghH$manU ghH$ma MidirVrc EH$m ñdÀN> Am{U {ZamoJr g§ñWoM§ CXmhaU

~KÊ¶mgmaI§ Amho. gyaV {OëømVrc AmoënmS> Jmdr nwê$fmoÎm‘ eoVH$arghH$mar H$mnyg OrqZJ Am{U àoqgJ gmogm¶Q>r Amho. {hÀ¶m H$m‘H$mOmMoñdê$n EH$m{YH$mamà‘mUoM Amho. ¶m g§ñWoZo 1974 nmgyZ e§H$a-4 H$mngmg{Xcoë¶m qH$‘Vr V³Ë¶mV XmIdë¶m AmhoV Am{U Ë¶mÀ¶mM eoOmar EH$m{YH$maIaoXrVrc EM-4 H$mngmcm {‘imcoë¶m qH$‘Vr XmIdë¶m AmhoV. gwaVÀ¶mg§ñWoZo {Xcoë¶m qH$‘Vr {Zìdi ì¶mnmar AmhoV. Va EH$m{YH$mamVrc qH$‘VrV


eoVH$è¶m§Zm ^md {‘idyZ XoÊ¶mgmR>r, Ë¶m§Mo Xm[aÐç hQ>{dÊ¶mgmR>r hmEH$‘od ‘mJ© Amho Ago Hw$Ur gm§Jy cmJcm Va ‘mÌ Ë¶mMo åhUUo ‘mÝ¶ H$aUoH$R>rU hmoB©c. ghH$mar úmoÌm§V H$V©~Jmar XmIdyZ Z§Va amÁ¶mMo AZoH$ doim‘w»¶‘§Ìr Pmcoco Am{U amOñWmZÀ¶m amÁ¶nmcnXmdê$Z ZwH$VoM {Zd¥Îm Pmcocodg§VXmXm nmQ>rc ¶m§Zr Am¶wî¶â ghH$mamMm {hararZo nwañH$ma Ho$cm Am{UAmOhr H$aVmV; nU VrZ Mma XeHo$ ghH$mamMo gmYZ Hw$ecVoZo dmnaUmè¶mdg§VXmXm nmQ>cm§Zm CVaË¶m d¶mV eoVH$ar Am§XmocZmMr ^mfm ~mocmdrcmJcr hr EH$M Jmoï> nwîH$i H$mhr gm§JyZ OmVo. ho Am§XmocZ amÁ¶H$Ë¶m©númmÀ¶m Mm¡H$Q>rV Am{U númloð>tÀ¶m Amerdm©XmZo H$m Mmcm¶Mo AgoZm nUeoVH$è¶m§da hmoUmè¶m AÝ¶m¶mcm Am§XmocZmZo Vm|S> Úmdo cmJoc Aer ñnï>^mfm dg§VXmXm dmnê$ cmJco AmhoV. ghH$mar MidirZo eoVH$è¶m§Mo àíZgmoS>dm¶cm H$mhr ‘XV Pmcr Zmhr hm dg§VXmXm§gma»¶m ghH$ma‘hfvÀ¶mAm¶wî¶mMm {ZîH$f© Amho. dg§VXmXm§Zr BV³¶m dfmªÀ¶m ghH$ma H$maH$sXuZ§VaAm§XmocZmÀ¶m aU^y‘rda CVaÊ¶mMr V¶mar XmIdcr; H$maU Ë¶m§Mr àH¥$VrñdmV§Í¶g¡{ZH$mMr Amho. ~oMmirgÀ¶m MidirV Jmoir PocUmè¶m XmXm§ZmAmnU XodmÀ¶m EodOr MmoamÀ¶m Ami§Xrcm ¶oD$Z nmohmoMcmo ho g‘OÊ¶mMrOmUrd Am{U Hw$dV Amho. ghH$mar gmIa H$maImZXmarÀ¶m BVa dñVmXm§ZmAOyZ CnaVr Pmë¶mMr cúmU§ {XgV ZmhrV.

ghH$mar gmIa H$maImÝ¶m§Zr H$m¶ H$m‘{Jar ~Omdcr? ¶m H$maImÝ¶m§À¶mC^maUrgmR>r Am{U àemgZmgmR>r àM§S> gmYZg§nÎmr Am{U ‘Zwî¶g§nÎmrJ§wVdcr Jocr Ë¶mVyZ {ZînÞ H$m¶ Pmco, Ë¶mVyZ eoVH$è¶m§Zm H$m¶ {‘imco¶mMm dñVw{Zð> Vmio~§X ‘m§S>Uo Amdí¶H$ Amho. EH$moUrgeo EH$mhÎma gmcr‘hmamï´>mV XmoZ cúm gVam hOma ho³Q>a O‘rZ D$g cmJdS>rImcr hmoVr.1985 _Üò hm AmH$S>m XmoZ cúm Í¶mÊUd hOman¶ªV Jocm. åhUOo n§YamdfmªÀ¶m H$mimV Pmcocr dmT> Ho$di nñVrg Q>³³¶mMr. CgmImcrc úmoÌH$maImÝ¶m§À¶m ñWmnZo‘wio H$mhr pñWa Pmco Agohr {MÌ {XgV Zmhr. EH$moUrgeoã¶mE|er-Í¶mE|er _Üò CgmImcrc úmoÌ VrZ cúm gìdrg hOmamn¶ªV dmT>cohmoVo. Ë¶mÀ¶m AmYr Xhm df} åhUOo 1972 _Üò CgmImcrc úmoÌ EH$ cúmgohoMmirg hOmamn¶ªV CVaco hmoVo. åhUOo ghH$mar H$maImÝ¶m§‘wio ‘hmamï´>amÁ¶mV Var D$gCËnmXZ úmoÌmV H$mhr ’$ma cúmUr¶ dmT> Pmcr Amho qH$dmD$gCËnmXZmV pñWaVm Amcr Ago Zmhr.

{‘ioc hr ghH$mar gmIa H$maImZo H$mT>Ê¶m‘mJMr H$ënZm Am{U AmemhmoVr.

nÙlr {dIo nmQ>rc, YZ§O¶amd JmS>Jri BË¶mXtZr hr H$ënZm ~miJcr,am~dcr, ghH$mar H$maImZXmarMr gwê$dmV Pmcr. ghH$mar H$maImZXmarZoMm§Jco ~migo Yaco. ‘hmamï´>mV EoetÀ¶m Amgnmg ghH$mar gmIa H$maImZoV¶ma Pmco. ‘hmamï´>mVrc ~mJm¶Vr àXoe gmIa H$maImÝ¶m§Zr ZQy>Z Joco. gmamn[aga gmIa H$maImÝ¶mMr àM§S> B‘maV, AmgnmgÀ¶m àXoemV ~m§Ycoë¶mJwiJwirV gS>H$m, {dOoÀ¶m {Xì¶m§Mr amofUmB©, emo{^d§V PmS>m§À¶m ~mJm,emim, ~mOmanoR>m, ~±H$m ¶m§Zr JO~OyZ Jocm. {dH$mgmMr noR> ’w$Q>cr AmhoAer ^mdZm V¶ma ìhmdr Agm M‘M‘mQ> {Xgy cmJcm.

‘hmamîQ´>mV Joë¶m n§Mdrg-Vrg dfmªV CX¶mcm Amcoco amOH$s¶ ZoV¥Ëd‘moR>çm à‘mUmda gmIa H$maImÝ¶mVyZ CX¶mcm Amco Amho. gmIa H$maImÝ¶m§À¶mEHy$U H$m‘{Jar{df¶r Hw$UmMohr H$mhrhr ‘V Agco Var eoVH$è¶m§À¶m H$‘rOmñV{eH$coë¶m nmoam§Mr H$maImÝ¶mMm JmS>m Mmc{dÊ¶mMr H$m¶©úm‘Vm Am{UVmH$X Ë¶m§Zr {gÕ Ho$cr ¶mV H$mhr e§H$m Zmhr. gmIa H$maImÝ¶m§À¶m ~è¶mMAÜ¶úmm§Mr {XZM¶m© ‘r nm{hcr Amho. Ë¶m§À¶m H$m‘mMm ì¶mn, Ë¶mMr g‘O,H$m‘mMm CaH$, amOH$s¶ hmVmoQ>r ¶m§Zr Odi Odi àË¶oH$ doir ‘r {dpñ‘VPmcmo Amho. ghH$mar MidirMr Am{U {deofV: ghH$mar gmIa H$maImÝ¶mMrVmcr‘ emim V¶ma Pmcr ZgVr Va ‘§{ÌnXmMr Ywam gm§^miÊ¶mÀ¶m VmH$XrMr‘mUgo {‘iUo J«m‘rU mJmV H$R>rUM Pmco AgVo. ‘hmamîQ> amÁ¶mV ~mimgmho~Ioam§À¶m ‘§{Ì‘§S>imnmgyZ Vo ¶ed§Vamd MìhmUm§À¶m ‘§{Ì‘§S>imn¶ªV OmoH$mhr ’$aH$ KSy>Z ¶oD$ eH$cm Am{U J«m‘rU H$V©¥Ëdmcm ‘w§~B©Xa~mar Oo ñWmZ{‘imco Ë¶mMo ’$ma ‘moR>o lo¶ gmIa H$maIm§Ý¶m‘wio {‘imcoë¶m AZw^dmcmÚmdo cmJoc.

ghH$mar gmIa H$maImÝ¶m§À¶m CX¶m~amo~a CgmImcrc úmoÌ dmT>co,CgmMm {dH$mg Pmcm, D$g CËnmXH$m§Zm H$O©nwadR>çmMr gmo¶rñH$a ì¶dñWmPmcr ¶m~Ôchr Xþ‘V AgÊ¶mMo H$mhr H$maU Zmhr. H$maImÝ¶m§À¶m n[agam§Vrc{dH$mg, D$g Am{U gmIa CËnmXZmV dmT> Am{U J«m‘rU ^mJm§V ZdrZamOH$s¶ ZoV¥ËdmMm CX¶ ¶m~ÔcMo lo¶ {ZpíMVnUo ghH$mar gmIa H$mZImÝ¶m§Zm{Xco nm{hOo.

nU ¶mncrH$S>o OmD$Z ghH$mar Midi åhUOoM eoVH$è¶m§Mr Midi,


eoVH$è¶m§À¶m ^ë¶mMr H$m‘{Jar ~Omdcr AgVr Ago Zmhr; nU emgH$s¶YmoaU eoVH$è¶m§{dê$Õ OmD$ cmJco Va eoVH$è¶m§À¶m {hVmMo aúmU H$aÊ¶mMrH$m‘{Jar ghH$mar gmIa H$maImÝ¶m§À¶m ~S>çm nwT>mè¶m§Mr hmoVr. ghH$margmIa H$maImÝ¶m§À¶m nyU© B{VhmgmV emgZmMo YmoaU eoVH$ar {hVmÀ¶m{damoYr hmoVo. EdT>oM Zìho Va Vo eoVH$arÛoï>o hmoVo. CgmMo CËnmXZ Va dmT>mdo,gmIaoMo CËnmXZhr Ë¶m~amo~a dmT>mdo; na§Vw eoVH$è¶m§Mm CËnmXZIM© ^ê$Z¶oB©c BVH$s qH$‘V Va {‘iy Z¶o ¶mgmR>r emgZmZo ‘moR>çm H«y$anUo EH$ fS>²¶§ÌaMco. eoVr‘mcmcm ^md {‘iy Z¶o åhUyZ emgZ Jhÿ, H$mnyg, XÿY, Voc{~¶mAm{U S>mir ¶m ‘mcm§À¶m ~m~VrV H$gmoerZo à¶ËZ H$aVo nU Cgmcm ^md{‘iy Z¶o åhUyZ emgZmZo Omo H$mhr IQ>mQ>mon Ho$cm Ë¶mMr ga Xþgè¶mH$moUË¶mM úmoÌmcm Zmhr.

CgmMr {H$‘mZ qH$‘V AJXr Anwè¶m nmVirda R>adUo, dmhVwH$sgma»¶m‘hÎdmÀ¶m IMm©H$S>o S>moioPmH$ H$aUo ho D$gCËnmXH$m{déÕ emgZmMo dmnacocoà‘wI hË¶ma. J{iVmMm IM©hr emgZ Anwè¶m nmVirdaM R>adVo; nUË¶mMm VmoQ>m H$maImÝ¶mda H$m‘ H$aUmè¶m ZmoH$adJm©da hmoV Zmhr, Ë¶m§MmnJma-^Îmo ÚmdoM cmJVmV. ‘J Vmo ~moOm ~gVmo eoVH$è¶m§À¶m ~moH$m§S>r.CgmMr {H$‘mZ qH$‘V Am{U J{iVmMm IM© XmoÝhr Anwao Yaco åhUOogmIaoMr qH$‘V AmnmoAmnM Anwar R>aVo. ¶m Agë¶m Anwè¶m qH$‘VrVH$maImÝ¶mV V¶ma Pmcocr gmIa O~aXñVrZo coìhr åhUyZ KoD$Z Om¶Mr.gmIa InV Zgcr Va gaH$ma coìhr ¿¶m¶cm ¶oUma Zmhr. gmIaoMm VwQ>dS>mAgcm Va gaH$ma coìhr Va KoUmaM; nU da CYmahr gmIa KoD$Z OmUma.XoemV gJù¶m eoVr‘mcmÀ¶m qH$‘Vr EH$R>moH$ R>aVmV. Jhÿ n§Om~Mm AgmoH$s ‘hmamï´>mMm qH$‘V EH$M. ‘hmamï´>mV {nH$Umè¶m H$moaS>dmhÿ H$mngmMmCËnmXZ IM© BVa amÁ¶m§À¶m VycZoZo IynM OmñV Amho. nU ‘hmamï´>mÀ¶mH$mngmcm H$mhr ‘XV åhUyZ OmñV qH$‘V {‘iV Zmhr. nU ‘hmamï´> CgmÀ¶mCËnmXZmV Oam daMT Amho. Ë¶m~Ôc ‘hmamï´>mcm {eúmm hmoVo Am{U ‘hmamï´>mVgmIaoMr coìhr qH$‘V gJù¶mV H$‘r R>odcr OmVo. coìhr XoD$Z CacocrgmIa Iwë¶m ~mOmamV {dH$m¶Mr nadmZJr Amho Iar nU Vr àË¶oH$ ‘{hÝ¶mV{H$Vr {dH$m¶Mr ho R>adm¶Mo gaH$maZo. R>adcoë¶m AmH$S>çmnoúmm gmIa H$‘r{dH$cr Va {eúmm. OmñV {dH$cr Var {eúmm. BV³¶m O~aXñV ~§YZmV gd©gmIa H$maImZo OIS>coco AmhoV. EdT>çmZo ^mJV Zmhr åhUyZ H$s H$m¶

¶mM H$mimV CgmMo CËnmXZ EH$eo AÇ>oMmirg cmI Q>Zm§dê$Z XmoZeogXVrg cmI Q>Zm§da Joco åhUOo CgmÀ¶m CËnmXZmV gmR> Q>¸o$ dmT> Pmcr.àVr ho³Q>a CËnmXZ 1971 _Üò ASw>gï> q¹$Q>c hmoVo. 1971-80 ¶m H$mimVCËnmXH$Vm dmT>dÊ¶mÀ¶m Ñï>rZo {deof à¶ËZ Pmco Am{U Ë¶mcm H$mhr ¶ehr{‘imco Ago {XgVo. ¶mCcQ> Joë¶m gmV dfmªV CËnmXH$Vm dmT>{dÊ¶mÀ¶mÑï>rZo H$mhr ’$ma ñn¥hUr¶ àJVr Pmcr Amho Ago Zmhr.

CgmVrc eH©$am§emMr ‘hmamï´>mVrc gamgar 1971 _Üò 11.25 hmoVm.1968 _Ü o Vmo 11.20M hmoVm. ‘hmamï´>mVrc CgmVrc eH©$am§e BVa amÁ¶m§À¶mVwcZoZo OmñV Amho hr Jmoï> Iar nU Ë¶mV ghH$mar gmIa H$mamImZXmarÀ¶mH$V©©~JmarMm H$mhr {hñgm Zmhr. ¶mCcQ> n§Om~ amÁ¶mV eH©$amem§Mr Q>¸o$dmar8.57 nmgyZ 10.63 n¶ªV nmohmoMcr. CgmÀ¶m {nH$m~Ôc ghH$mar H$maImÝ¶m§ZràM§S> H$m‘{Jar Ho$ë¶mMm Omo JdJdm Amho Ë¶mV ’$mago VÏ¶ Zmhr hm‘hÎdmMm ‘wÔm.

H$maImÝ¶m§Mr H$m¶©úm‘Vmhr ¶m H$mimV dmT>cr Ago åhUm¶cm H$mhrOmJm {XgV Zmhr. gmIa H$maImZo h§Jm‘mVM MmcVmV. 1971 _Ü o ‘hmamï>mVrcH$maImZo gamgarZo EH$eo Mm¡gï> {Xdg Mmcco. 1978 _Üò H$maImÝ¶m§À¶mH$m‘mMo {Xdg EH$eo n§À¶mE|er n¶ªV dmT>co Am{U Ë¶mZ§Va 1982 _ÜòH$maImÝ¶m§Zr XmoZeo VrZ {Xdg H$m‘ Ho$co. nU ‘Yë¶m dfm©V H$m‘mÀ¶m{Xdgm§Mr g§»¶m EH$eo ZD$ n¶ªV Kgacr. EH$moUrgeo eøm§er gmcrH$m‘mÀ¶m {Xdgm§Mr g§»¶m ’$º$ EH$eo VohVrg hmoVr. H$maImÝ¶mV ZmoH$adJm©MramOH$s¶ qH$dm d¡¶{º$H$ H$maUmgmR>r Ho$cocr dmao‘mn âVr, CYi‘mYi,Mmoè¶m, ^«ï>mMma Am{U AH$m¶©úm‘Vm ¶m~Ôc {c{hUo ZH$moM. ‘hmamï´>mV{nH$coë¶m CgmMo JirV H$aÊ¶mMo H$m‘hr ghH$mar gmIma H$maImÝ¶m§ZrH$m¶©úm‘VoZo nma nmS>coco Zmhr. ¶mMm AW© Agm H$s emgZmMo gmIa{df¶H$YmoaU AJXr eoVH$è¶m§Zm AZwHy$Z AgVo Var ghH$mar gmIa H$mamZo Pmë¶m‘wioeoVH$è¶m§Zm H$mhr {deof ’$m¶Xm Pmcm AgVm Ago Zmhr. ImOJr H$maImÝ¶m§ZrH$‘r IMm©V JirV Ho$co AgVo Am{U Ë¶mMm ’$m¶Xm H$maImÝ¶mÀ¶m ‘mcH$m§ZrKemV Q>mH$cm AgVm. ghH$mar gmIa H$maImÝ¶m§Zr A§XmYw§XrV hm ’$m¶XmeoVH$è¶mH$S>o Amcm Ago Zmhr. Mmoam{McQ>m§Zr Vmo Amoa~mSy>Z Zocm.

nU ghH$mar ghH$mar gmIa H$maImÝ¶m§À¶m MidirMr Iar emoH$m§{VH$m¶mnwT>oM Amho. emgZ eoVH$è¶m§À¶m ~mOyZo AgVo Var ghH$mar H$maImÝ¶m§Zr


JmdmVyZ XÿY ehamH$S>o Iadg, Idm, cmoUr, Vyn ¶mÀ¶m ñdê$nmV àm‘w»¶mZoOmB©. XÿY KaÀ¶m ImÊ¶mgmR>r Am{U VmH$ Va ’w$H$Q> dmQ>Ê¶mgmR>r Aer~hþVoH$ Xþ^Vr OZmdao nmiUmè¶m eoVH$è¶m§Mr n[apñWVr hmoVr. {OëømÀ¶mehamV dmS>çmdmS>çmVyZ H$moUr Zm H$moUr åher nmir Am{U XwYmMm aVr~Amgnmg KmVcm OmB©. ‘w§~B©gma»¶m ehamV aVr~mÀ¶m gmo¶rZo OmJmoOmJrXÿY ì¶dgm¶ H$aUmao åhetMo JmoR>o MmcdV AgV.

XÿY hm ì¶dgm¶ Zgë¶m‘wio Jm¶r-åhetMr Cnoúmm An[ahm¶©nUo Pmcr.Xodmcm Zod¡Ú XmIdyZ Pmcm åhUOo Vmo nwOmè¶mÀ¶mM Vm|S>mV OmVmo. Jm¶ hrXodVm Iar; nU ââ¸$‘ Im¶cm ‘mJUmar XodVm Am{U {Zåå¶m Am¶wî¶mVImË¶mÀ¶m ~Xë¶mV H$mhrM Z XoUmar XodVm. Ë¶m‘wio H$mhr ImZXmZr Jm¶rgmoS>ë¶mg ~mH$sÀ¶m§Mr CnoúmmM Pmcr. AmOhr âañË¶mV dmhVwH$s‘Ü¶o’$VH$c KmcyZ ~gcoë¶m Jm¶r {XgVmV. AJXr ^mOr ~mOmamVrc Q>moncrVqH$dm {H$amUm XþH$mZmVrc S>ã¶mV Vm|S> KmcVmZm Jm¶r {XgVmV; nU Á¶m§MoEdT>o ^m½¶ Zmhr Ë¶m Jm¶tZr H$m¶ H$amdo? Am{U gd©gmYmaU dfm©V Aern[apñWVr, ‘J XþîH$mimÀ¶m dfm©V H$m¶ {dMmamdo?

Am¶mªÀ¶m Q>moù¶m nyd© ¶wamonmVyZ {ZKyZ maVmV CVaë¶m. Amnë¶m Jm¶tMoH$in KoD$Z ho Jmod§e nmcH$ Amco Ago åhUVmV. Ë¶m§Zr AmUcoë¶m Jm¶rH$mhr gÜ¶m {XgUmè¶m Jm¶tà‘mUo EH$ dqeS>mÀ¶m AgUma Zmhr Va gÜ¶mÀ¶mg§H$[aV Jm¶rà‘mUo gnmQ> nmR>rÀ¶m AgUma. ¶m Jm¶r§Mr {‘Omg Iyn amImdrcmJVo. ImUo, {nUo, CîUVm‘mZ ¶mV WmoS>r h¶J¶ Pmcr Var ¶m g§H$[aV Jm¶rH$m¶‘À¶m {ZH$m‘r hmoD$Z OmVmV. åhUyZM H$mimÀ¶m AmoKmV Am¶mªÀ¶mQ>moù¶m§~amo~a Amcoë¶m Jm¶r {Zdªe hmoD$Z g§në¶m Agmì¶mV. am{hë¶m Ë¶mEH$ dqeS>mÀ¶m Jmo‘mVm Am{U Z§Xr. ¶m§Mo {~Mmè¶m§Mo EH$ Mm§Jco Amho. Ë¶mIm¶cm ’$mago ‘mJV ZmhrV, {‘ioc Ë¶mda JwOamU H$aVmV, AYm© nmD$U{cQ>a XÿY XoVmV; nU XþîH$mimVhr nwîH$iem OJyZ amhVmV. O{_ZrdaVr~moQ>~moQ> Amcoco gwÕm {hado {ndio H$gcohr JdV Ë`m IwaSy>Z KoVmV.O{_ZrdaMo JdVmMo g§ajU g_yi g§ndyZhr Q>mH$VmV. Varhr Z§Xr OmVrÀ`mJmo_mVm OJmV \$maí`m XoemV ZmhrV. ~m§Jcm Xoe, nm{H$ñVmZ, maV (^maVr`CnI§S>) Ë`mIoarO B{WAmo{nAm, Q>m§Pm{Z`m EdT>mM Ë`m§Mm àXoe -`moJm`moJmZoåhUm H$m H$m`©H$maU ^mdmZo åhUm Zo_H$m hmM àXoe OJmVrc gdm©V Û§JJar~ àXoe Amho.

gmIaoMo Am¶mV -{Z¶m©V YmoaU Ago am~dco OmVo Á¶m‘wio gmIaoMo Am{Un[aUm‘V:> CgmMo ^md nS>mdoV. nU ¶m gJù¶m AÝ¶m¶m§{dê$Õ X§S> R>moHy$ZCR>Umam EH$gwÕm "‘m¶oMm nyV' ghH$mar MidirZo {Xcm Zmhr. ghH$marVÎdmÀ¶m AmËå¶mcm g§ndUmam Cgmdarc IaoXrH$a gaH$maZo cmXcm Am{Udgyc Ho$cm; nU Ë¶m{déÕ Vm|S>mVyZ Hw$Ur ~«gwÕm H$mT>cm Zmhr. CgmMoH$maImZo Ho$di amOH$s¶ H$maUmgmR>rM ñWmnZ H$aÊ¶mV Amco. AH$m¶©úm‘H$maImÝ¶m§Zm OJdÊ¶mH$[aVm emgZmZo PmoZ ì¶dñWm H$mT>cr. ZJX aH$‘oVCgmMr qH$‘V {H$Vr Úm`Mr ¶mda H$‘mc ‘¶m©Xm KmVcr. {~JanaVrÀ¶mR>odrgma»¶m {dcúmU ¶moOZm CnOë¶m Ë¶m§À¶m {dê$Õ ~mocÊ¶mMo Va H$moUË¶mhrgmIag‘«mQ>mcm H$mhr H$maU ZìhVo! ‘J H$moÊ¶m {ZYrH$arVm, ‘w»¶‘§Í¶m§H$[aVm,n§VàYmZ {ZYrH$[aVm n¡go {H$Vr H$mnyZ Zoco Va Ë¶mMm Om~ H$moU {dMmaUma?gmIaoda {‘iUmam "Am°Z‘Zr', ‘ÚmH$m©da {‘iUmam àM§S> Nw>nm n¡gm Am{UPmoZÀ¶m ì¶dñWo‘wio {~JagXñ¶m§À¶m Cgmda gwQ>Umam n¡gm ¶mM Jmoï>tdagJù¶m§Mo cúm, ¶mM {df¶mda gJir MMm©. D$gCËnmXH$ eoVH$è¶mcmcmJcoë¶m öX¶amoJmH$S>o cúm Úm¶cm doi Hw$UmcmM Zmhr. ghH$mar gmIaH$maImÝ¶m§Zr ^co ‘moR>o nwT>mar {ZnOdco, nU Ë¶m§À¶mn¡H$s eoVH$è¶m§À¶m‘XVrcm Hw$UrM CVacm Zmhr.

ghH$mar gmIa MidirMr hr emoH$m§{VH$m ~maH$mì¶mZo g‘OyZ KoUoAmdí¶H$ Amho. Ë¶m{edm¶ ghH$mar gmIa H$maImÝ¶m§À¶m H$V©¥Ëdm§Mm nS>XmXÿa hmoUma Zmhr.

3. XÿY gmogm¶Q>çm : XÿY H$‘r nmUr OmñVAmnë¶m XoemV AR>am H$moQ>rÀ¶m da Jm¶r Am{U ghm H$moQ>rÀ¶m da åher

AmhoV. åhUOo OJmV Agcoë¶m EHy$U Jm¶tn¡H$s Mm¡Xm Q>¸o$ Am{U åhetn¡H$seohoMmirg Q>¸o$ qhXþñWmZmV AmhoV. ho gJio n«mUr Mma H$moQ>r Q>Z XÿYXoVmV. åhUOo OmJ{VH$ CËnmXZmn¡H$s ghm Q>³³¶m§noúmmgwÕm H$‘r. gamgarZonm{hco Va EH$ OnmZr Jm¶ nmM hOma AmR>eo gmR> {H$cmo XÿY XoVo Va maVr¶Jm¶ ’$º$ Mmaeo ehmE|er {H$cmo. Jm¶ nyÁ¶ ‘mZcr OmV Agë¶m‘wio Ë¶m§MoH$inÀ¶m H$in JmdmoJmdr {’$aV AgVmV. H$moUË¶mhr eoVmV Kwgmdo. ¶WoÀN>Mamdo, {nH$m§Mr ZmgYyg H$amdr Agm Ë¶m§Mm Im³¶m AgVmo.

Xþgè¶m ‘hm¶wÕmn¶ªV eoVH$ar XÿY hr {dH«$sMr dñVy g‘OVM Zgo.


åhUyZ XþYmÀ¶m {dH«$sMr Aer gwédmV Pmcr Iar. nU Ë¶mV EH$ ‘moR>rAS>MU Amcr. nydu KaÀ¶m dmnamgmR>r OZmdao R>odcr OmV. Cacoco XÿY H$m¶{‘ioc Ë¶m ^mdmZo XoD$Z Q>mH$Ê¶mMr nÕV hmoVr. ’$ma H$mi XÿY {dH$VKoUmè¶m§Zr XÿY AJXr ‘mVr‘mocmZo {dH$V KoÊ¶mMr gd¶ A§JmV ~mUdcrhmoVr. Ë¶m§Zm ho ì¶dgm¶r XÿY AVmoZmV ‘hmJ dmQy> cmJco. AmOhr ‘Ü¶‘dJu¶XÿYJ«mhH$mMr àd¥Îmr ~Xccocr Zmhr. 180 J«°. erVno¶mg gmS>oVrZ énò ZHw$aHw$aVm XoUmao {JèhmB©H$ AÜ¶m© {cQ>a XþYmcm VodT>rM qH$‘V Úm¶cm ZmIyfAgVo. Ë¶m‘wio doJdoJù¶m amÁ¶mV amÁ¶ emgZmZo JmdmVyZ XÿY Jmoim H$ê$ZAmUÊ¶mÀ¶m Am{U Vo XÿY ehamV nwa{dÊ¶mÀ¶m ¶moOZm Mmcy Ho$ë¶m. XÿYJmoim H$aÊ¶mMo H$m‘ J«m‘rU ^mJm§Vrc XÿY g§ñWm§H$S>o XoÊ¶mV Amco.dmQ>nmMo H$m‘ A‘yc nÕVrÀ¶m ghH$mar g§ñWm gmoS>ë¶mg emgH$s¶ ¶§ÌUoH$S>oMam{hco.

XÿY úmoÌmVrc ghH$mar g§ñWm§À¶m OÝ‘mMm hm B{Vhmg.hm gJim B{Vhmg ‘wÔm‘ EdT>çmH$[aVm gm§{JVcm H$s ¶m úmoÌmVrc

ghH$mamÀ¶m H$m¶m©Mo ‘yë¶‘mnZ ¶Wm¶mo½¶ H$aVm ¶mdo. ¶m ghH$mar g§ñWmeoVH$è¶m§Zr AmnUhÿZ CËgmhmZo V¶ma Ho$ë¶m ZmhrV. eham§Mm XÿYnwadR>m{Z¶{‘VnUo Am{U {Zd}YnUo Mmcy amhÊ¶mgmR>r emgZmZo ¶m ghH$mar g§ñWmdê$Z cmXë¶m AmhoV. ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶mV gmV hOma àmW{‘H$ XÿY gmogm¶Q>çmAmhoV. Ë¶m§Mo ZìdX g§K AgyZ ¶m gmogm¶Q>çm EH$Vrg XÿY ¶moOZm§Zm XÿYnwadVmV. gmogm¶Q>rV XÿY O‘m Pmco H$s VoWyZ nwT>Mr gJir ì¶dñWmemgH$s¶ ZmoH$aXma ¶§ÌUoH$S>o. ¶mIoarO emgZ Xþ^Vr OZmdao KoÊ¶mH$[aVmH$O© nwa{dUo, OZmdam§gmR>r ImÚ d d¡ÚH$s¶ godm CncãY H$ê$Z XoUo BË¶mXrH$m‘ohr doJdoJù¶m ImË¶m§‘m’©$V MmcdVo.

JwOamV‘Ü¶o A‘yc nÕVrÀ¶m ghH$mar ì¶dñWoV hr gJir H$m‘o ghH$marg§ñWoH$S>oM AgVmV. emgZmMm Ë¶mÀ¶mer H$mhrM g§~§Y ¶oV Zmhr.

¶m ghH$mar g§ñWm ñWmnZ hmoD$ cmJë¶m Ë¶mdoir IoS>çmV H$mhr JmoHw$iohmoVr Ago Zmhr. IoS>çmV InV Zgcoë¶m XþYmcm ~mOmanoR> {‘idyZ XoUo hoH$mhr ghH$mar g§ñWm§Mo dmñV{dH$ C{Ôï> ZìhVo. nU AmYrM eoVrVrcVmoQ>çmZo ZmS>ë¶m Jocoë¶m eoVH$è¶mg Hw$Ry>Zhr XmoZ n¡go {‘imco Va ~«÷m§S>Jdgë¶mMm AmZ§X hmoVmo. XmoZ n¡go hmVmV nS>Ê¶mMr e³¶Vm {Xgcr Var{VMm ‘moh Q>miUo Ë¶mÀ¶m Hw$dVr~mhoaMo hmoVo. gwédmVrÀ¶m H$mimV Va XÿY

\$º$ AYm© H$n XÿYXÿY XoD$ eH$Umè¶m OZmdam§Mr g§»¶m àM§S> Agcr Var ^maVmV XþYmMo

CËnmXZ Am{U dmna AË¶§V H$‘r Amho. Xoemcm ñdmV§Í¶ {‘imco VoìhmXa{Xder Xa ‘mUer XþYmMo CËnÞ Ho$di XrS>eo J«°‘ åhUOo gmYmaU EH$H$nâ hmoVo. hm AmH$S>m KgaV KgaV 1971 _Üò 107 J«°‘ Pmcm. Ë¶mZ§VanwÝhm MT>V MT>V 1984 ‘Ü¶o 140 Vo 145 n¶ªV H$gm~gm ¶oD$Z nmohmoMcm.XaS>moB© Xa{Xder XþYmMm dmna ’$º$ 124 J«°‘. Ë¶mVhr ~hþVoH$ ‘moR>çmehamVrc J«mhH$m§À¶m Vm|S>r (230 J«°‘). IoS>çmnmS>çmVrc cmoH$m§Mm XþYmMmdmna gamgarZo 63 J«°‘. åhUOo JmdmVrc Ë¶mVco Ë¶mV Jar~ ‘mUyg AmoR>Amoco hmoÊ¶mnwaVogwÕm XÿY dmnaV Zmhr.

ñdmV§Í¶mZ§Va ehao PnmQ>çmZo dmTy> cmJcr. EdT>oM Zìho Va Ë¶m§Moñdê$nhr ~Xcy cmJco. ñdmV§Í¶mAmYrMr ‘w§~B© åhUOo Hw$cm~m, ’$moQ>©, ‘c~ma{hc gmoS>ë¶mg EH$ ‘moR>o IoS>oM hmoVo. H$mi~mXodr, R>mHy$aÛmanmgyZ Vo nai,XmXa, ‘mhr‘n¶ªV OmJmoOmJ åhetMo JmoR>o hmoVo. nU ho JmoR>o ehamVrcXþYmÀ¶m ‘mJUrcm Vm|S> XoÊ¶mg Ag‘W© R>ê$ cmJco. {edm¶ Xþ^Vr OZmdaoR>odUo åhUOo eoUm‘wVmMo H$m‘ Am{U ehamVrc JmoR>o åhUOo H$mhr AmYw{ZH$Z‘wZoXma JmoR>o ZìhVo. JmoR>çm§Mm dmg Am{U AmgnmgÀ¶m XcXcrV V¶mahmoUmao S>mg ¶mZo ‘w§~B©H$a h¡amU Pmco. ‘w§~B© amÁ¶mÀ¶m AJXr n{hë¶mM‘§{Ì‘§S>imZo ¶m àíZmcm hmV KmVcm. ehamÀ¶m ~mhoa gd© JmoR>o hcdÊ¶mMrd XþYmMo erVH$aU H$ê$Z ~mQ>ë¶m§VyZ ‘w§~B© ehaâ dmQ>n H$aÊ¶mMr ¶moOZmam~dcr. Ë¶mH$mir Vo ‘moR>o H$m¡VwH$M hmoVo. emim-H$m°coOmVrc ‘wcm§À¶mghcr Amao H$m°cZrVrc JmoR>o Am{U H$maImZm ~Km¶cm YmdV. EdT>oM ZmhrVa Ë¶m H$mimV AZoH$ qhXr {gZo‘mVrc Zm¶H$-Zm{¶H$m§À¶m cnmN>nrÀ¶mÑí¶mV ^m§~mdcoë¶m åhetMo JmoR>o ñnï> {XgyZ ¶oV.

nU Aem EH$Q>çm Amao H$m°cZrV V¶ma hmoUmao XÿY {nD$Z ‘w§~B©H$am§Mo^mJoZm. CcQ> emgZ XoV Agcoë¶m XþYmÀ¶m qH$‘Vr~Ôc JmoR>odmë¶m§MrZmamOr dmTy> cmJcr. Ë¶m§Mo g§n, Am§XmocZo dmT>Ë¶m à‘mUmV hmoD$ cmJcrAm{U hiyhiy àË¶úm CËnmXZmMm hm IQ>mQ>mon gmoSy>Z Úmdm cmJcm.

eham§Zm nwadR>m H$aÊ¶mgmR>r J«m‘rU ^mJmVyZ XÿY Jmoim H$ê$Z AmUUo¶mIoarO n¶m©¶ am{hcm Zmhr. H$mhr ImOJr ì¶mnmar Am{U S>oAardmco ¶m§ZrMm§Jë¶m àVrMo XÿY ehamV nwadÊ¶mMm ì¶dgm¶hr Mmcy Ho$cm. ì¶dgm¶


åhUOo ZJXr IM© Amcm Am{U ZJXr IM© Amcm åhUOo hm¡ernUm g§ncm.XþYmÀ¶m CËnmXZmV dmT> KS>dyZ AmUmdr Am{U JmdmVrc cmoH$m§À¶m

WmirVrc XÿY, Vyn H$‘r Z H$aVm ehamVrc XþYmMm nwadR>m ìhmdm AergaH$maMr BÀN>m AgVr Va gwê$dmVrnmgyZ XþYmMm IM© ^ê$Z {ZKoc BVH$sqH$‘V emgZmZo XoD$ Ho$cr AgVr.

¶m gd© ¶moOZm AmIÊ¶mV Am§Vaamï´>r¶ »¶mVrMo XÿY ì¶dgm¶ VÁkAma.Amo. ìhmB©Q ¶m§Mm ‘moR>m hmV^ma hmoVm. ìhmB©Q>gmho~m§Zr XþYmMm CËnmXZIM©1964 _ÜòM H$mT>cm hmoVm. H$mcdS> OÝ‘ë¶mnmgyZ AmQ>on¶ªVMm gd© IM©cúmmV KoVm åherÀ¶m XþYmMm CËnmXZ IM© à{V {cQ>a 5 ê$. 48 n¡go AmhoAgo Ë¶m§Zr 1964 _Üò gm§{JVco. nU BVa gd© ~m~VrV Ë¶m§Mo åhUUo à‘mU‘mZco Var qH$‘VrÀ¶m ~m~VrV ‘mÌ emgZmZo OmUrdnyd©H$ Ë¶m§À¶m {e’$maer~mOycm R>odë¶m d {OV³¶m H$‘r ^mdmV XÿY {‘iUo e³¶ hmoVo {VV³¶m^mdmV IaoXr Mmcy Ho$cr.

1974 _Üò XodVio g{‘VrZo Ho$coë¶m {e’$maerZwgma ^md dmT>dÊ¶mVAmco. g{‘VrZo {Xcoco ^md Anwao Agco Var XÿY ì¶dgm¶mg Ë¶m‘wio H$mhrH$mi AmYma {‘imcm. 1982 _Üò eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo ¶m {df¶mda Am§XmocZHo$co. Ë¶m g§~§YmV à{V{cQ>a 1 ê$. 40 n¡gon¶ªV ^mddmT> eoVH$è¶m§Zm{‘imcr.

EHy$U XÿY nwadR>çm{df¶r emgZmMm Ñ[ï>H$moZ Agm H$s EH$m ~mOycmeoVH$è¶m§Zm OZmdao KoÊ¶mgmR>r H$O} Am{U gdcVr CncãY H$ê$Z {Xë¶m,d¡ÚH$s¶ godm nwadë¶mg Am{U H$moUË¶m H$m hmoB©Zm ^mdmV XÿY InÊ¶mMrh‘r V¶ma Ho$cr H$s ’$m¶Úm-VmoQ>çmMm {dMma Z H$aVm eoVH$ar XÿY CËnmXZH$aVrc Am{U nwadVrc. XÿY hr AË¶§V Zmed§V dñVy Agë¶m‘wio ehamVrcJ«mhH$m§À¶m hmVmV nS>on¶ªV Vo {Q>H$dUo hr EH$ g‘ñ¶mM hmoVr Am{U Ë¶mH$[aVmAmYw{ZH$ V§ÌkmZmMm Cn¶moJ H$aUo An[ahm¶© hmoVo.

g§H$cZ H$aÊ¶mgmR>r ghH$mar g§ñWm, dmhVwH$sgmR>r dmhZo, erVH$aUH|$Ðo, {ZOªVwH$sH$aU H$aUo Am{U ehamVrc dmQ>n ì¶dñWm EdT>m nm¶mKmVcm Am{U Ë¶mcm AmYw{ZH$ V§ÌkmZmMr OmoS> {Xcr H$s, XÿY ¶moOZm¶eñdr hmoÊ¶mV H$moUVmM AS>Wim Agy Z¶o Aer EHy$U emgZH$Ë¶mªMrYmaUm hmoVr. Ë¶mVë¶m Ë¶mV H$mhr à‘mUmV ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶ hoM OmñV ì¶mnH$Ñ[ï>H$moZ R>odyZ qH$‘VrMm {dMma H$aUmao. ¶§Xm JwOamV amÁ¶mVrc gJù¶m

hr ‘wir {dH«$sMr dñVyM ‘mZcr OmV ZìhVr. Ë¶m dñVyMm {H$Vr H$m H$‘rhmoB©Zm H$mhrVar ^md {‘iVmo Amho ¶mMmM AmZ§XmoËgd Pmcm. Vmon¶ªVeoVH$è¶m§À¶m KaÀ¶m Anwè¶m Am{U Ag§Vw{cV Amhmamcm WmoS>r’$ma XþYmMrOmoS> hmoVr. AmVm ho XÿY eoVH$è¶mÀ¶m KamVyZ H$mTy>Z ehamVë¶m J«mhH$mH$S>onmoMdm¶Mo hmoVo. gwédmVr gwédmVrcm JmdmVrc XÿY ehamV Joco Vo ehamVë¶mXþYmÀ¶m JaOm ^mJdÊ¶mH$aVm. eham§Mo d¡^d OgOgo dmT>V Joco VgVgo hoXÿY lrI§S>, MrO, AmB©gH«$s‘, cmoUr, Vyn Aem dñVy ~ZdÊ¶mH$[aVm OmD$cmJco. Ah‘Xm~mX, {X„r, ‘w§~B©gma»¶m eham§V AmB©pñH«$‘ hm cmoH$m§MmZdm N>§X Pmcm Amho. Mmirg dfm©nydu XoemV OdiOdi ‘m{hV ZgcocoMrOMo doJdoJio àH$ma nmíMmË¶ Xoem§er n[a{MV Agcoë¶m cmoH$m§À¶mAmdS>r nwadÊ¶mH$[aVm V¶ma hmoVmhoV. Á¶m§À¶m Kar Xÿa V¶ma hmoVo Ë¶meoVH$è¶m§H$S>o H$Xm{MV ñdmV§Í¶mZ§Va H$nâ Mhm KoÊ¶mMr e³¶Vm V¶maPmcr Agochr; nU J«m‘rU ^mJmVrc gd©gm‘mÝ¶ OZVoÀ¶m AmhmamMmAmYma VwQ>cm ¶mV H$mhr e§H$m Zmhr. qH$~hþZm JmdmVrc cmoH$m§À¶m hmVyZXÿY H$mTy>Z KoUo, Ë¶mMo Ë¶m§Zm n¡go XoUo d Ë¶m n¡emVyZ Ë¶m§Zr S>mir d BVañdñV à{WZm§Mm dmna H$aUo ¶mVM Ë¶m§Mo H$ë¶mU Amho Ago AJXr CKS>nUoS>m°. Hw$[a¶ZgmaIo XÿY‘hfu à{VnmXVmV.

XÿYmMo g§H$cZ Am{U dmQ>n H$aÊ¶mÀ¶m `m ¶moOZoV EH$ ’$ma ‘moR>r Jmo‘hmoVr. Agcoë¶m OZmdam§Mo XÿY OwÝ¶m H$mhmVrc nS>Ë¶m qH$‘VtZm {dH$Ê¶mgCËnmXH$m§Zm H$mhr ’$magm Ìmg dmQ>cm Zmhr. XþYmcm H$mhr CËnmXZ IM©AgVmo Am{U Vmo CËnmXZ IM© ê$Z ¶oÊ¶mBVH$s qH$‘V {‘imcr nm{hOo Agm{dMma cmoH$m§À¶m ‘Zmcm {edVhr Zgo. Jm¶, åh¡g hr hm¡gonmoQ>r qH$dm^mdZonmoQ>r Zmhr Va Mm§JcoMw§Jco nmoQ>mV Omdo ¶mgmR>r R>odm¶Mo. Amnco^mJë¶mda Caoc Vo XÿY aVr~mZo KmcUo hmgwÕm H$‘rnUmM ‘mZcm Om¶Mm.‘moR>çm Kar cmoUr H$mTy>Z KoVë¶mZ§Va VmH$ ’w$H$Q> dmQ>m¶Mo hoM ImZXmZrnUmMocúmU ‘mZco OmB©; nU KaMo nwê$Z Cacoë¶m XwYmMr AerVer dmgcmVcmdUo hr Jmoï> doJir Am{U {Z¶{‘VnUo ì¶dgm¶ åhUyZ XÿY nwadUo hr Jmoï>doJir.

KaÀ¶m Jm¶rcm H$mhr Img JmoR>m cmJo Ago Zmhr. J¥hcú‘r hm¡goZoJm¶rMo gJio H$mhr H$ar; nU ZdrZ Jm¶r ¿¶m¶À¶m, Ë¶m§Mr CñVdmaH$mT>m¶Mr, ‘mUg§ Zo‘m¶Mr Am{U ~mhoê$Z {dH$V KoD$Z Ë¶m§Zm ImD$ Kmcm¶Mo


XþY‘hmnya aUZrVr‘wio CËnmXZdmT>rMr JVr à{Vdfu ’$º$ 4.5 % am{hcr.CËnmXZdmT> KS>dyZ AmUÊ¶mV eoVr‘mcmÀ¶m qH$‘VrMo AZÝ¶gmYmaU ‘hÎdAmho Ago eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm AmJ«hmZo ‘m§S>Vo Ë¶mMm hm g‚mS> nwamdm Amho.

qH$~hþZm ¶mo½¶ qH$‘Vr {‘ië¶m AgË¶m Va ghH$mar g§ñWm§Mo Omio{dUÊ¶mMr, nUZ ì¶dñWm ~ZdÊ¶mMr CR>mR>od H$aUo Amdí¶H$ hmoVo qH$dmZmhr ¶m~Ôc O~aXñV e§H$m KoÊ¶mg OmJm Amho. gmogm¶Q>rÀ¶m XadmOmnmgyZVo ehamVrc XÿYg[aVon¶ªV ‘hmamï´>mVrc gJirM ¶§ÌUm hH$mar Amho. Ë¶mVg§H$cZmMo H$m‘ ghH$mar g§ñWocm XoD$Z XÿYCËnmXH$mMm qH$dm ì¶dgm¶mMmH$m§hr cm^ Pmcm Agoc ho g§^dV Zmhr. ghH$mar g§ñWoEodOr XÿY JmoimH$aÊ¶mgmR>r EImXm gaH$mar ZmoH$a Zo‘cm AgVm Va g§H$cZmMr H$m¶©úm‘VmH$‘r H$m¶©úm‘ qH$dm A{YH$ IMm©Mr Pmcr AgVr Agohr Zmhr. XÿY MmoaUo,‘YyZ ‘YyZ Vo Zmgco Ago XmIdUo ho Va gaH$mar ZmoH$aXmam§Zrhr Ho$co AgVo.Ë¶mMr {~Mmè¶mMr EH$Q>çmMrM ^yH$ Agë¶m‘wio Ago àH$ma hmoÊ¶mMo à‘mU~hþYm KQ>coM AgVo. AmVm gmogm¶Q>rer g§~§{YV BVa KQ>H$m§À¶m ^wH$m^mJdÊ¶mgmR>r ho àH$ma A{YH$ à‘mUmV KS>VmV Am{U Ë¶mVyZ CËnmXH$m§MoZwH$gmZ A{YH$M hmoVo.

Xw^Vr OZmdao R>odyZ EImÚmMm g§gma WmoS>m’$ma gmdacmhr Agoc. Ë¶mMoIao lo¶ ‘moO‘mn Z R>odVm Ca’$moS H$m‘ H$aUmè¶m Ë¶mÀ¶m H$ma^maUrcmÚm¶cm hdo; nU XÿYCËnmXZ H$ê$Z Hw$Ur ‘mS>çm ~m§Yë¶mMo Eo{H$dmV Zmhr.Ho$di g^mgXËdmnwaVo XÿY CËnmXZ H$aUmè¶m MoAa‘ZMo ‘mÌ KaXma {Xdgm‘mgr~migo YaVmZm {XgVo.

XþYmcm ¶mo½¶ ^md {‘iV AgVo Va eoVH$è¶m§Zr BH$Sy>Z {VH$Sy>Z H$mhrhrH$ê$Z OZmdao g§nmXZ Ho$cr AgVr. Ë¶m§À¶m XoI^mcrMr ì¶dñWm Ho$crAgVr. XþY g§H$cZmgmR>r ¶§ÌUm C^r Ho$cr AgVr. dmhVyH$ à{H«$¶m, {dVaU¶mgmR>r gm‘wXm{¶H$ Amm{U H$m¶©úm‘ ì¶dñWmhr ~m§Ycr AgVr. eoVH$è¶mVhr VmH$X Am{U H$V©~Jmar Amho ¶mMm nwamdm Ë¶mZo AZoH$Xm {Xcm Amho.‘hmamï´>mVrc AZw^dmZo CËnmXZ dmT>rgmR>r ì¶dñWonoúmm qH$‘VM OmñV à^mdrR>aVo hohr {gÕ Ho$co Amho.

ghH$mar g§ñWm ‘hmamï´>mnoúmm daMT> ^md XoD$ cmJë¶m AmhoV.nU EdT>o H$ê$Zhr XþYmÀ¶m CËnmXZ dmT>rMm H$m¶©H«$‘ ’$maem CËgmhmZo

Mmcy Zmhr. ^y{‘hrZ, Am{Xdmgr d BVa Xþ~©c KQ>H$ ¶m§Zm H$Om©dmar Jm¶r{‘iVmV. n{hë¶m doVmÀ¶m XþYmMm H$mhr EH$ CËgmh AgVmo; nU Ë¶mZ§Va‘mÌ hm¡goZo Hw$Ur XÿY Xþ^Ë¶mMm Y§Xm dmT>dVm§Zm {XgV Zmhr.

¶m {df¶mda VÁkm§Zr AZoH$ Aä¶mg Ho$co AmhoV. dmaUmZJa ¶oWrcXþ^Vo OZmda R>odUmè¶m eoVH$è¶m§n¡H$s ’$º$ ~mam Q>¸o$ OUm§Zr Xþgao Xþ^VoOZmda {dH$V KoÊ¶mMm CËgmh XmIdcm.

H$mcrH$V ¶oWo Ho$coë¶m nmhUrVhr hmM {ZîH$f© {ZKmcm. nmhUr H$aUmè¶m{dÛmZmZo {ZîH$f© Agm H$mT>cm H$s, A{YH$ OZmdao R>odë¶mZo ’$m¶Xm hmoÊ¶mMre³¶Vm Amho ¶mMr OmUrd eoVH$è¶mg Zgmdr Am{U åhUyZ eoVH$ar Y§XmdmT>dÊ¶mg H$MaV AgmdoV. OiJmd {OëømVrc Z{gam~mX ¶oWo Ho$coë¶mnmhUrMm {ZîH$f© AJXr ñnï> Amho. Xþgao OZmda {dH$V KoÊ¶mH$[aVm ~rO^m§S>dcm BVH$sgwÕm ZJXr a¸$‘ O‘m H$aVm Z ¶oUo hoM XþYmMm Y§XmdmT>dÊ¶mMr BÀN>m ZgÊ¶mMo H$maU Amho Ago ¶m nmhUrV ñnï> ‘m§S>Ê¶mVAmco.

‘hmamï´>mV EHy$U XÿY g§H$cZ 1974 _Üò àVr{Xder 4.7 cúm {cQ>ahmoVo. XodVio g{‘VrZo {Xcoë¶m qH$‘VrVrc dmT>r‘wio Ë¶mV PnmQ>çmZo dmT>Pmcr d 1977 _Üò CËnmXZ 8.5 cúm {cQ>an¶ªV nmoMco. 77 gmcmnmgyZVo 82 gmcmn¶ªV nwÝhm EH$Xm dmT> Iw§Q>cr. 82 gmcmn¶ªV XþYmMo CËnmXZ11.6 cúm {cQ>a Pmco. Am§XmocZmZ§Va {Xcoë¶m ^mddmT>r‘wio XÿYCËnmXZPnmQ>çmZo dmTy>Z Ho$di Mma dfmªV Vo 23 cúm {cQ>a Pmco.

‘hmamï´>mVrc à¶moJmZo ho XmIdyZ {Xco H$s XwYmÀ¶m CËnmXZmMm g§~§YV§ÌkmZ Am{U nUZ ì¶dñWonoúmm CËnmXH$mcm {‘iUmè¶m qH$‘Vrer Amho.‘hmamï´>mVrc CËnmXZdmT>rMr VwcZm JwOamV amÁ¶mer H$aUo CX²~moYH$ Amho.H$maU JwOamV amÁ¶mV S>m°. Hw$[a¶Z ¶m§À¶m ì¶dñWoImcr qH$‘V hm EH$ ZJÊ¶KQ>H$ g‘Ocm OmV hmoVm Am{U V§ÌkmZ d nUZ ì¶dñWm ¶mdaM 1977 n¶ªVâ {Xcm OmV hmoVm. n[aUm‘r 1977 nmgyZ XoemVrc XþYmMo CËnmXZ à{Vdfughm Q>¸o$ ¶m JVrZo dmT>co. ‘hmamï´> ~mJm¶Vr úmoÌmV ‘mJmgcocm, O‘rZ OmñVH$ê$Z âS> Varhr VoWo XÿY CËnmXZmÀ¶m dmT>rMr JVr n«{Vdfu 10 %am{hcr. ¶mCcQ> gwOcm‘² gw’$cm‘² JwOamV amÁ¶mV S>m°. Hw$[a¶Z ¶m§À¶m


15) åhUVo ""dmT>Ë¶m CËnmXZIMm©Zwgma XþYmMo md dmT>dyZ XoÊ¶mg gaH$maZoMmcdcocr MmcT>H$c ho ^maVmVrc XyYCËnmXZ KQ>Ê¶mMo EH$ à‘wI H$maUAmho.''

XþYmMo md R>adVmZm CËnmXZIM© H$‘r R>odÊ¶mgmR>r emgH$s¶ g{‘Ë¶m§ZrAZoH$ hmVMcm»¶m Ho$ë¶m. XodVio g{‘VrÀ¶m AhdmcmVrc H$mhr CXmhaUonmhÊ¶mgmaIr AmhoV.

1. 1500 {c. XÿY XoUmè¶m Jm¶rMr qH$‘V Ho$di 1500 ê$. YaÊ¶mVAmcr.

2. Jm¶rcm Amdí¶H$ Agcoë¶m newImÚmMr ‘mÌm VÁkm§Zr {e’$magHo$ë¶mnoúmm H$‘r YaÊ¶mV Amcr.

3. VgoM O‘rZ, CnH$aUo, gmYZo, ‘Owar ¶m§Mm IM© AË¶§V AnwamYaÊ¶mV Amcm.

4. 390 {Xdgm§V àË¶oH$ Jm¶ EH$ doV XoD$Z VrZeo {Xdg XÿY XoVo AgoJ¥{hV Yaco Amho. àË¶úmmV ‘hmamï´>mVrc eoVH$ar {dÚmnrR>mV qH$dm g§emoYZH|$ÐmVgwÕm Mmaeo {Xdgmnoúmm H$‘r H$mimV EH$ doV hmoV Zmhr. gd©gm‘mÝ¶eoVH$è¶m§À¶m Kar hm H$mi 550 Vo 600 {Xdgm§n¶ªV dmT>Vmo.

5. eoVr‘mcmMm CËnmXZIM© H$mT>VmZm ~¡cJmS>r ‘mJo eoUIVmMr qH$‘V3 ê$. YaUmao emgZ XÿYCËnmXH$mcm ‘mÌ ~¡cJmS>r‘mJo eoUmMoM 30 ê$.{‘iVmV Ago XmIdVo.

6. EdT>r hmVMcmIr H$ê$Z H$mT>coë¶m XþYmMm pñZ½Ym§e {H$Vr ¶mMmH$mhrhr Aä¶mg Z H$aVm JmB©Mo XÿY 4.5 d åherMo 7.0 % pñZ½Ym§emMoJ¥{hV YaÊ¶mV Amco.

7. ‘hmamï´>mVrc dmñV{dH$ gamgar 3.5 d 6.0 ¶mnoúmm OmñV Zmhr.Jm¶ ñdñVmV {‘imcr, {VZo "Mmam d¡aU H$‘r Im„o, Vr ~m§YmdaÀ¶m

PmS>mImcr chmZmMr ‘moR>r Pmcr, {Vcm gmn {H$aS>y H$Yr MmdcoM Zmhr, VrMm¡Ï¶mM ‘{hÝ¶mV ’$icr, {Vcm Am¡fYnmUr H$aÊ¶mMr doi H$YrM AmcrZmhr, Varhr {VZo 4.5 pñZ½Ym§eMo anya XÿY {Xco Ago J¥{hV Yê$Z gaH$maZoXþYmMo ^md R>adco. WmoS>³¶mV eoVH$è¶mMr Jm¶ AmIyS> qeJr, H$‘r ImUmarAm{U OmñV XÿY XoUmar Ago AmMaQ> {MÌ emgZmZo R>adyZ ghH$mar ì¶dñWo‘m’©$Vhm ^md am~dcm.

EdT>çmZohr ^mJco Zmhr. eoVH$è¶mZo ghH$mar, gaH$mar ì¶dñWm gmoSy>Z

_hmamï´>mÀ`m XÿYg§H$cZmVrc dmT>df© XÿY g§H$cZmVrc dmT> (cúm {cQ>a)1974-75 04.71975-76 06.51976-77 08.51977-78 08.5>1978-79 09.01979-80 09.591980-81 10.581981-82 10.701982-83 11.581983-84 14.091984-85 17.421985-86 20.601986-87 23.00

XwYmÀ¶m úmoÌmVrc ghH$mamMo ‘yë¶‘mnZ Iè¶m AWm©Zo H$am¶Mo Pmco VaVo XþYmcm ¶mo½¶ ^md {‘idyZ XoÊ¶mV ¶m ghH$mar ì¶dñWoZo H$m¶ hmV^macmdcm ¶mÀ¶m AmYmamZoM H$amdo cmJoc. XþYmcm amñV md {‘idyZ XoÊ¶mÀ¶m~m~VrV ghH$mar g§ñWoMo An¶e ho ^¶mZH$ Amho. EdT>oM Zìho Va ghH$marì¶dñWm hr ’$ma H$R>moanUo XþYmcm ^md ZmH$maÊ¶mgmR>r dmnaÊ¶mV AmcrAmho.

XþYmcm ^md ZmH$maÊ¶mgmR>r ghH$mar ¶§ÌUoÀ¶m gmhmæ¶mZo Or XmoZ hË¶maoàm‘w»¶mZo dmnaÊ¶mV Amcr Ë¶mVrc n{hco åhUOo emgZmZo R>adm¶Mo XþYmMo^md. XoemV {Xco OmV Agcoco ^md Anwao AmhoV ¶m~Ôc H$moR>ohr ‘V^oX{XgV Zmhr. 1971 Vo 1977 ¶m H$mimV XþYmÀ¶m qH$‘Vr à{Vdfu ’$º$ 2%XamZo dmT>ë¶m. 1977 Vo 1988 ¶m H$mim§V XþYmÀ¶m ^mdmVrc dmT>rMr JVrA{YH$ VoO Pmcr (7 %). Var Vr qH$‘VdmT> BVa dñVy§À¶m qH$‘V dmT>rÀ¶mVwcZoZo H$‘rM hmoVr (9 %). J§‘V åhUOo AÞYmÝ¶m§À¶m qH$‘VrVrcdmT>rnoúmmhr (8 %) XþYmVrc ^mddmT> H$‘r hmoVr. 1984 _Ü`o OmJ{VH$AÞ Am{U eoVr g§ñWoZo (E’²$.E.Amo.) ^maVmVrc XyYì¶dgm¶mMm AmT>mdmKoVcm hmoVm. ¶m g§KQ>ZoMo ‘wInÌ ""’w$S> AmD$Q>cwH$'' (27/4/1982 nmZ


ñdrH$maë¶m OmV AmhoV?^wH$Q>r-Ma~rÀ¶m XoU½¶m§Mm XþYmÀ¶m A§VJ©V qH$‘Vrda {dn[aV n[aUm‘

Pmcm Zmhr hm ¶w{º$dmX AmVm H|$Ð emgZmZo Zo‘coë¶m Pm g{‘VrZoM ImoSy>ZQ>mH$cm Amho. H${‘eZÀ¶m AhdmcmV åhQ>co Amho ""... Am¶mV XÿY ^wH$Q>r’w$H$Q> {‘iVo åhUyZ Vr ’$ma H$‘r qH$‘VrV {dH$cr OmVo Am{U Aem nÕVrZoXþYmMr qH$‘V Imcr R>odcr OmVo... Á¶m à‘mUmV Am¶mV Xþ½YOÝ¶ dñVy§MmAgm dmna H$aÊ¶mV ¶oVmo Ë¶m à‘mUmV ¶m Am¶mVrMm amï´>r¶ CËnmXZmdanr.Ec. 480 ¶moOZoà‘mUoM Xþîn[aUm‘ hmoVmo hr Q>rH$m ¶mo½¶ {XgVo'' (n[aÀN>oX8/6)

¶mnwT>o OmD$Z Pm g{‘Vr åhUVo, ""XwYmÀ¶m ^wH$Q>rÀ¶m qH$‘Vr AmOn¶ªVàË¶oH$ doir ñWm{ZH$ qH$‘Vrnoúmm H$‘r R>odÊ¶mV Amë¶m ho dmñV{dH$ gË¶Amho. XþYmÀ¶m qH$‘VrÀ¶m VwcZoVgwÕm Am¶mV ^wH$Q>rÀ¶m qH$‘Vr H$‘rMR>aVrc.'' (n[aÀN>oX 9/10)

n¶m©¶ Zgë¶mZo ZmB©cmOmZo XþYmÀ¶m ^wH$Q>rÀ¶m Am{U Ma~rÀ¶m XoU½¶mñdrH$mamì¶m cmJë¶m hm ¶w{º$dmXhr ‘mÝ¶ hmoÊ¶mgmaIm Zmhr. BH$m°Zm°{‘H$Q>mB©åg (21 ‘mM© 87) ~«wgoëghÿZ ~mV‘r XoVmo H$s, ""^maVmZo XÿY ^wH$Q>rAm{U Ma~r ¶m ñdê$nmV ‘XV {‘iÊ¶mMm AmJ«h Yacm Amho. ¶mCcQ>¶wamonmVrc Xoe amoI ‘XV XoD$ BpÀN>VmV.'' ¶mM dV©‘mZnÌmÀ¶m 23 ‘mM©87 À¶m A§H$mV åhQ>co Amho H$s, ""¶wamonr¶ Xoem§À¶m ‘Vo Aem VèhoÀ¶mXoU½¶m H$‘r H$aÊ¶mV ¶mì¶mV qH$dm g§nyU©nUo Wm§~{dÊ¶mV ¶mì¶m. H$maU^maVmcm AmVm Ë¶m§Mr JaO am{hcocr Zmhr. EdT>oM Zìho Va Aem XoU½¶m§‘wioXÿYCËnmXZmÀ¶m ~m~VrV Xoe ñd¶§nyU© hmoÊ¶mÀ¶m ~m~VrV AS>Wio {Z‘m©UhmoVrc.'' n¶m©¶ åhUyZ ¶wamonr¶ Xoe amoI aH$‘oÀ¶m ñdê$nmV ‘XV XoD$BpÀN>VmV; na§Vw S>m°. Hw$[a¶Z ‘mÌ XþYmMr ^wH$Q>r d Ma~r {‘iÊ¶mMmMAmJ«h Yê$Z ~gco AmhoV d Amdí¶H$ Va Aem XoU½¶m {‘iÊ¶mgmR>rA‘o[aH$m, H°$ZS>m BË¶mXr XoemH$S>o OmÊ¶mMrhr Ë¶m§Zr V¶mar XmIdcr.

{ZîH$f© gy¶©àH$memBVH$m ñnîQ> Amho. XþYmMr ^wH$Q>r d Ma~r hm XÿY‘hmnya ¶moOZoMm XwX£dr KQ>H$ Zmhr. Vmo XÿY‘hmnya ¶moOZoMm AmË‘m Amho.XþYmÀ¶m A§VJ©V qH$‘Vr nmS>Uo Am{U g§H$cZ nUZ ì¶dñWoÀ¶m AmH$f©UmZoJ«m‘rU ^mJmVrc XÿY H$mTy>Z ZoD$Z Vo eham§À¶m ñdmYrZ H$aUo, ho H$aVAgVmZm V§Ìkm§Mo Am{U ZmoH$aXmam§Mo gm‘«mÁ¶ V¶ma H$aUo hm gaH$mar

Iwë¶m ~mOmamV OmD$Z XÿY {dHy$ Z¶o ¶mgmR>r gaH$maZo AmUIr EH$ fS²>¶§ÌaMco. {dVaU Am{U nUZ ì¶dñWm Ë¶mgmR>r cmJUmar AmYw{ZH$ gmYZgm‘wJ«r Am{U V§ÌkmZ Cô H$aÊ¶mgmR>r n¡emMr JaO hmoVr. Eadr H$moQ>çdYrén¶o BH$S>o {VH$S>o CYiUmè¶m gaH$macm XrS>eo H$moQ>r ê$n¶o O‘m H$aUo BVHo$OS> Pmco H$s Ë¶mgmR>r Ë¶m§Zr "{^Ho$Mr H$Q>moar' Am§Vaamï´>r¶ ~mOmanoR>oV{’$adcr Am{U ¶wamonmVrc Xoem§H$Sy>Z XþYmMr nmdS>a, Ma~r ¶m§À¶m ’w$H$Q>XoU½¶m pñdH$maë¶m. hr wH$Q>r Am{U Ma~r EH$Ì {‘giyZ XÿY V¶ma H$am¶MoAm{U Vo XÿY {dHy$Z Omo n¡gm ¶oB©c Vmo AmYw{ZH$sH$aUmMr gm‘wJ«r g§nmXZH$aÊ¶mgmR>r dmnam¶Mm. ¶m ¶moOZocm "XþYmMm ‘hmnya' Ago ‘moR>o ^ì¶{Xì¶Zmd XoÊ¶mV Amco. {VMm Xoeâ CXmo CXmo hmoV Amho.

¶wamonr¶ Xoe ñdV:À¶m eoVH$è¶m§Zm â^¸$‘ ^md XoVmV. BVHo$ â^¸$‘H$s {VWo XþYmMo A{VCËnmXZ hmoVo. Ago CËnmXZ Pmco Var XþYmMo ^md H$‘rH$aÊ¶mMm {dMma Ë¶m§À¶m ‘ZmVhr ¶oV Zmhr. CcQ> ^md H$‘r H$aÊ¶mnoúmmqhXþñWmZgma»¶m Xoem§Zm Ago A{V[aº$ CËnmXZ ’w$H$Q> dmQy>Z Q>mH$Uo VonËH$aVmV. ¶mMo B§{JV H$m¶ Agmdo? Agm {dMma ¶m ¶moOZoÀ¶m {eënH$mam§À¶m‘Zmg {edcm Zmhr.

H$mhr ‘{hÝ¶mnydu S>m°. Hw$[a¶Z ¶m§Zm ‘r hm àíZ {dMmacm Voìhm VoåhUmco

1.XÿY ‘hmnya ¶moOZoÀ¶m AmYrhr XþYmMr ^wH$Q>r Am{U Ma~r ¶m§MrAm¶mV hmoVM hmoVr. Vr Am¶mV Wm§~dyZ amï´>r¶ {dH$mgmgmR>r ^wH$Q>r d Ma~r¶m§Mr XoUJr KoVcr Va H$m¶ {~KS>co?

2. naXoemVyZ {‘imcoë¶m ¶m XmZm‘wio XoemVrc XÿY^mdmda H$mhr {dnarVn[aUm‘ PmcmM Zmhr.

3. Aem VèhoÀ¶m XoU½¶m ñdrH$maUo XþX£dmZo An[ahm¶© R>aVo; H$maUXÿY‘hmnya ¶moOZog Eadr Amdí¶H$ Vmo n¡gm Jmoim H$aVmM Amcm ZgVm.

S>m°. Hw$[a¶Z ¶m§Mo ho VrZhr ¶w{º$dmX VnmgyZ ¿¶m¶cm nm{hOoV.XÿY ‘hmnya ¶moOZoÀ¶m gwédmVrcm wH$Q>r d Ma~r ¶m§Mr Am¶mV Amdí¶H$

hmoVr qH$dm Zmhr hm àíZ dmXmMm ‘wÔm åhUyZ gmoSy>Z XoD$; nU AmO Va H$mhrAem Am¶mVrMr JaO Zmhr. CcQ> ‘hmamï´>mÀ¶m ‘w»¶‘§Í¶m§Zm amÁ¶mV V¶maPmcoë¶m ^wH$Q>rMr dmgcmV H$er cmdmdr hr qMVm nS>cr Amho. ‘J AJXrXÿY ‘hmnya ¶moOZoÀ¶m {Vgè¶m Q>ßß¶mVhr ^wH$Q>r d Ma~rÀ¶m ¶m XoU½¶m H$m


~Îmrg

H$mnyg IaoXr ¶moOZmeoVH$ar AZwHy$c hdr

nmdgmim "Zo‘o{M' AmOH$mc ’$magm òV Zmhr. nmdgmMo T>J O‘yZòÊ`mÀ`m AmYr MmVH$ njr nmÊ`mgmR>r AmH«$moe H$ê$ bmJVmV, AerH${dH$ënZm Amho, Vo njr àË`j H$moUmÀ`m nmhÊ`mV òVmV qH$dm ZmhrH$moU OmUo? nmdgmi`mV gwédmVrbm ~oS>Š`m ~mhoa nSy> bmJVmV. gJù`m§Zmn§I ’w$Qy> bmJVmV Am{U df©âmV H$Yr Ñï>rbm Z nS>bobo {MÌ-{d{MÌ {H$So>gd©Ì {KaQ>çm Kmby bmJVmV.

nmdgmù`mÀ`m gwédmVrbm Zo‘o{M hmoUmè`m JmoîQ>r‘Üò AmVm ‘hmamï´>mVrbH$mnyg EH$m{YH$ma IaoXr `moOZoÀ`m ^{dVì`mMr MMm© {hMrhr Zm|X Ho$brnm{hOo. Xa dfu `moOZogmR>r Zdr ‘§Owar {‘i{dVmZm `m {df`mda MMm© MmbyhmoVo Am{U H$er~er ‘§Owar {‘imbr åhUOo ‘J Pmboë`m MM}Mm Am{U Ë`mMM}À`m {ZîH$fmªMm gmd©{ÌH$ {dga nS>Vmo d "gwï>rMo H$m¡VwH$' Mmby amhVo.

EH$m{YH$mamdarb Iwbr MMm©`§Xmhr H$mnyg EH$m{YH$ma IaoXr `moOZodarb MM}bm gwadmV Pmcr.

`§XmÀ`m MM}Mo d¡{eï>ç åhUOo {Vbm EH$ Iwbo ñdê$n {‘imbo Amho. `mMolo` à‘wIV… gÜ`mÀ`m ‘w»`‘§Í`m§H$So> OmVo. H$mhr ‘{hÝ`m§nydu EH$m{YH$maIaoXr `moOZoda bmoH$m§Mr ‘Vo ‘mJ{dÊ`mV Ambr. ‘Vo ‘mJ{dÊ`mgmR>rdV©‘mZnÌmV {ZdoXZohr {Xbr Jobr. OdOdi AS>rMeo ì`º$s Am{U g§ñWm§Zr`mda ‘Vo ì`º$ Ho$br. ‘hmamï´>mÀ`m AW©ì`ñWoVrb H$mngmMo ‘hÎd bjmVKoVm, Iao Va hOmamo ì`º$s Am{U g§ñWm§Zr ‘VàXe©Z H$am`bm hdo hmoVo; nU`m Agë`m H$m`©H«$‘m§H$So> bmoH$ AmVm J§^raVoZo nmhÿM eH$V ZmhrV. AS>rMeoM

YmoaUmMm Jm^m Amho. eoVH$è¶m§À¶m Jir Vmo CVadVm ¶mdm ¶mgmR>r ghH$mamMoZmQ>H$ Cô H$aÊ¶mV Amco Am{U Mma n¡go {IemV nS>Vrc ¶m AmeoZo"eoVH$è¶m§Mo åhmoaHo$' ¶mV gm‘rc Pmco. XþYmÀ¶m úmoÌmVrc ghH$mamMr{ZînÎmr hr Aer Amho.

XÿY CËnmXZmMr Am¶mV d {‘imcocr XoUJr (AmH$S>o ‘oQ´>rH$ Q>ZmV)df© XÿY ^yH$Q>r XþYmMr nmdS>a XoUJr {‘imcocr

Am¶mV Ma~r1970-71 08,418 12,320 02292.0001971-72 15,107 14,250 02452.0001972-73 16,877 15,405 03707.0001973-74 12,195 09,047 04781.0001974-75 15,000 13,307 10800.0001975-76 15,000 27,625 07165.0001976-77 15,000 19,634 01782.0001977-78 15,000 11,821 07679.0001978-79 15,000 28,896.274 06039.1531979-80 15,000 31,146.250 12290.7301980-81 15,000 18,812.025 09372.7801981-82 15,000 77,466.772 14035.1701982-83 15,000 37,572.526 09331.050

(nyd©àH$meZ : gmám{hH$ ½¶mZ~m, Zmoìh|~a 1987 Vo ’o$~«wdmar 1988)


nmM dfmªnydu {df`mMm gm§Jmonm§J Aä`mg H$aÊ`mH$[aVm hmQ>o `m§À`mAÜ`jVoImbr g{‘Vr Zo‘Ê`mV Ambr hmoVr. g{_Vrda AZoH$ VÁk _§S>irH$m_ H$arV hmoVr. g{‘VrZo eoH$S>mo OmUH$mam§À`m Am{U H$m`©H$Ë`mªÀ`m‘wbmIVr KoVë`m. ^bm XUH$Q> Ahdmb {b{hbm. Ë`m AhdmbmMo Am{UË`mVrb {e’$maer§Mo nwT>o H$m` Pmbo H$moUmg R>mD$H$? nU Ë`mMm {ZH$mbbmJm`À`m AmYrM EH$ AZ¡mnMm[aH$ Iwbr MMm© Zì`m ‘w»`‘§Í`m§Zr MmbyHo$br Amho Am{U `m Iwë`m MM}Mr {df`{ÌH$m hmQ>o g{‘VrÀ`m {e’$maer§nojmH$mhr ’$ma doJir Zmhr. da {Xbobo Xhm àñVmd hmQ>o g{‘VrÀ`m {e’$maetnojmH$mhr ’$ma doJio ZmhrV.

`mdoir EH$ ‘hÎdmMm ~Xb KSy>Z Ambm Amho ho Iao. 1971 _Üò,H$mngmÀ`m EH$m{YH$ma IaoXrbm gwédmV Pmbr Voìhm, gÎmoÀ`m amOH$maUmH$[aVmH$m hmoB©Zm, g‘mOdmXmMm ~mob~mbm hmoVm, ~±H$m§Mo amï´>r`rH$aU Pmbo hmoVo.KQ>Zo‘Üò, ^maVr` g§KamÁ` g‘mOdmXr Agë`mMr VwVmar dmO{dÊ`mV AmbrhmoVr. Ë`m‘wio {ZnObobr H$mnyg EH$m{YH$ma IaoXr `moOZm ‘hmamï´>mVrbg‘mOdmXr ^{dî`mMr nVmH$m Agë`mMo JmoS> g‘mYmZ H$mhtZr ‘mZbo hmoVo.AmVm n[apñWVr ~Xbbr Amho. AmVm {XëbrhÿZ ‘wº$ AW©ì`dñWoMo nmodmSo>Jm{`bo OmV AmhoV. Ë`m‘wio, gVV VmoQ>çmV MmbUmè`m Agë`m gaH$mar`moOZm§Zm {XëbrMr ‘mÝ`Vm {‘iÊ`mMr {H$VnV eŠ`Vm Amho m~Ôb O~aXñVe§H$m CØdë`m AmhoV. Oo bmoH$ AmOn`©V EH$m{YH$mamMo Am{U gaH$marH$aUmMoH$m¡VwH$ H$arV hmoVo VoM AmVm EH$ doJir ^mfm ~moby bmJbo AmhoV. `mgJù`m, S>m|Ja nmoIaÊ`mÀ`m H$m`©H«$‘mVyZ ~mhoa H$m` {ZKUma Vo hiyhhÿñnï> hmoB©b; nU `m {Z{‘ÎmmZo H$mnyg EH$m{YH$ma IaoXr `moOZmo{df`r H$mhr{dMma Am{U dmñVd nwT>o ‘m§S>Ê`mMr JaO Amho.

‘hmamï´>mVrb H$mnygeoVrMr n[apñWVr`m g§~§Yr n{hbm EH$ ‘wÔm gdmªZm ‘mÝ` ìhmdm Vmo hm H$s, ‘hmamï´>mV

H$mnyg Am{U VËg§~§Yr ì`mnmamH$[aVm EH$ {deof Am{U doJir ì`dñWmAgUo Amdí`H$ Amho. XoemVrb H$mngmImbrb EHy$U joÌ’$imn¡H$s 36Q>ŠHo$ ‘hmamï´>mV Amho. `mCbQ>, ‘hmamï´>mVrb H$mngmMo CËnmXZ XoemVrbEHy$U CËnmXZmÀ`m Ho$di 17 Q>ŠHo$ Amho. n§Om~mVrb 99.1 Q>ŠHo$, ha`mUmVrb99.7 Q>ŠHo$ Va amOñWmZmVrb 90.4 Q>ŠHo$ H$mnygeoVr, åhUOo OdOdinyU©nUo ~mJm`Vr… Am§Y« àXoe (15 Q>ŠHo$), H$Zm©Q>H$, (20 Q>ŠHo$), JwOamV

ì`º$s-g§ñWm§Zr ^mJ KoVbm; nU Aer ‘Vo ‘mJ{dÊ`mMo nmD$b emgZmZoCMbbo hohr H$mhr H$‘r Zmhr. Or ‘Vo Ambr Ë`mÀ`m AmYmamZo H$mnygEH$m{YH$ma IaoXr `moOZog§~§Yr Oo Xhm àñVmd emgZmZo V`ma Ho$bo VonwT>rbà‘mUo …

1) H$mngmMr OmV d àVdmarV gwYmaUm H$aUo.2) h‘r ^md AJ«r‘ A{YH$ {H$_V XoÊ`mÀ`m nÕVrV gwYmaUm H$aUo.3) 3 Q>ŠHo$ ^m§S>db C^maUr {ZYr H$nmVr~m~V {dMma H$aUo.4) 25 Q>ŠHo$ {H§$_V MT>CVma {ZYr H$nmVr~m~V {dMma H$aUo.5) ghH$mar H$Om©À`m dgwbr~m~V {dMma H$aUo.6) JmdnmVirda Ad¡Y H$mnyg IaoXrg Amim KmbUo.7) Iwë`m ~mOmamV A§eV… H$mnyg IaoXrg nadmZJr XoUo.8) H$mnyg IaoXr H|$Ðmdarb gw{dYm§‘Üò dmT> H$aUo.9) IaoXr H|$Ðmda KmVboë`m H$mngmMm Ëd[aV MwH$mam H$aUo.10)`moOZoMm àemgH$s` IM© H$‘r H$aUo.`m àñVmdm§{df` MMm© H$aÊ`mH$[aVm Am{U EH§$XarVM H$mnyg EH$m{YH$ma

IaoXr moOZoÀ`m nwZamdbmoH$ZmgmR>r EH$m Iwë`m MM©oMo Am`moOZ ‘w»`‘§Í`m§ZrHo$bo. ‘hmamï´>mVrb Mma-nmMeo ì`º$s `m MM}g hOa am{hë`m. H$mhr ^mfUoPmbr. Ë`m§Vrb ‘wÔçm§da Zmo§X KoVbr Jobr Agmdr. Ë`m ‘wÔçm§da {dMmaH$aÊ`mH$[aVm nwÝhm EH$ g{‘Vr Zo‘br OmUma Amho. Vr g{‘Vr òË`m Am°JñQ>‘{hÝ`mn`ªV Amnë`m {e’$maer XoB©b Aer Anojm Amho; åhUOo `§XmMrH$mnygIaoXr gwê$ hmoÊ`mAmYr H$mhr ‘hÎdmMo ~Xb KS>dyZ AmUUo eŠ`ìhmdo, ’$bQ>U ^mJmVrb H$mngmMr IaoXr 15 Am°JñQ>À`m AmgnmgM gwê$MhmoVo. BVŠ`m bdH$a H$mhr Zdr ì`dñWm A‘bmV òUo eŠ` Zmhr; nUAm°ŠQ>mo~aÀ`m ‘Ü`mn`ªV åhUOo {dX^© d ‘amR>dmS>çmV H$mngmMo nrH$ ~mhoanSo>n`ªV H$mhr Zdr ì`dñWm V`ma H$aUo eŠ` ìhmdo.

MMm© {Zî’$i S>m|Ja nmoIaÊ`mMr Z R>amoXwîH$mi Ambm åhUOo XwîH$mi H$m`‘MmM hQ>dyZ Q>mH$Ê`mH$[aVm Cnm``moOZm

H$aÊ`mÀ`m ^r‘JO©Zm hmoVmV VgoM XadfuMo ‘w»`‘§Ìr `m H$mnygEH$m{YH$mamÀ`m S>moHo$XwIrMo nwT>o gagmdVmV. XwîH$mimda Ogm emgZmÀ`mAmdoemMm H$mhr n[aUm‘ hmoV Zmhr VgmM H$mngmÀ`m IaoXrì`dñWodahrZmhr.


{VanmJS>r. Ë`m§Zr Ë`m `moOZoMo Zmd R>odbo "gº$sMr ~MV `moOZm' `m gº$seãXm‘wioM hr `moOZm J^m©V Zmgbr Am{U Z§Va gmoSy>Z XoÊ`mV Ambr. VgoMEH$m{YH$ma IaoXr moOZoMo Pmco Amho. gd© eoVH$è`m§Zr H$mnyg m moOZoH$So>M{dH$mdm hr g§H$ënZm ‘mÝ` H$ê$Zhr Ë`mVrb EH$m{YH$mamMr gº$sMr ^mfmQ>miVm Ambr AgVr. `§Xm `m `moOZoMr nwZa©MZm H$aÊ`mV Ambr Va {VÀ`mZm^m{^YmZmVrb EH$m{YH$ma eãX H$mTy>Z Q>mH$mdm Am{U `§Xm nwÊ` eVmãXrÀ`m{Z{‘ÎmmZo ‘hmË‘m Omo{V~m ’w$bo `m§Mo Zmd `m `moOZobm {Xbo Va {VÀ`m~ÔbMreoVH$è`m§À`m ‘ZmVrb AmË‘r`Vm {Z{üV dmT>ob.

EH$m{YH$ma bmXÊ`mV EH$ g‘OÊ`mgmaIm hoVy Agmdm. IaoXrMr CbmT>mc‘moR>r Agob Va Ë`mMm ’$m`Xm eoVH$è`m§Zm {‘iob. CbmT>mb {H$aH$moiam{hbr Va `moOZoH$So> H$mnyg AmUyZ XoÊ`mV eoVH$è`m§Zm H$mhr ñdmañ`dmQ>Uma Zmhr. IoarO, `m `moOZoÀ`m ñdê$nm‘wio Xya Xya OmJrgwÕm IaoXr H|$XoCKS>Ê`mMr O~m~Xmar òVo. CbmT>mb N>moQ>çm à‘mUmV am{hbr Va IaoXrH|$Ðm§MoAgo Omio ~ZdUo eŠ` hmoUma Zmhr.

nU, CbmT>mb dmT>{dÊ`mÀ`m hoVy EH$m{YH$mamZo {gÕ hmoÊ`mEodOr Zo‘Ho$CbQ>o KS>bo Amho. CbmT>mb dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r BVa AZoH$ H$ënZm H$m`©dmhrVAmUVm Amë`m AgË`m. CXmhaUmW©, H$mngmÀ`m IaoXr~amo~aM BVa eoVr‘mbmMrIaoXr H$aÊ`mMo H$m‘hr `moOZoH$So> KoVbo AgVo Va gÜ`mÀ`mM àemgH$sÌMm©V A{YH$ ì`mnH$ godm eoVH$è`m§Zm XoVm Ambr AgVr. `moOZoMrì`mnH$Vm bjmV KoVm eoVH$è`m§Zr V`ma Ho$bocm BVa ‘mb Am{U eoVH$è`m§ZmbmJUmè`m {Z{dð>m d J¥hmon`moJr dñV_ `m§À`m IaoXr-{dH«$s H|$Ðm§MohrH$m`©j‘ Omio Cô Ho$bo AgVo Va hr `moOZm eoVH$è`m§À`m X¡Z§{XZ OrdZmMmEH$ ^mJ ~Zy eH$br AgVr. n[aUm‘V… EH$m{YH$ma Am{U H$mnyg ho XmoZhreãX dJiyZ "‘hmË‘m Omo{V~m ’w$bo eoVH$ar godm ì`dñWm' C^r PmbrAgVr.

EH$m{YH$ma H$YrM Zï> Pmbm Amhogdm©V ‘hÎdmMr Jmoï> Aer H$s EH$m{YH$ma hm Zï> PmbmM Amho. Xadfu

H$mngmÀ`m JmS>çm hÔ Amobm§Sy>Z eoOmaÀ`m amÁ`m§V OmVmV, Ë`m§Zm ’$magoH$moUr AQ>H$dV ZmhrV. ZmŠ`mdarb nmo{bgm§Zm JmS>r‘mJo, Q´>H$‘mJo H$m`{~XmJr Úm`Mr `mMo ^md R>abobo AmhoV. EH$m{YH$mamMr pñWVr ‘moamaOr§À`mXmê$~§XrgmaIr qH$dm Ë`mhrnojm dmB©Q> Pmbr Amho. emgZmbmhr dma§dma `m

(30 Q>ŠHo$), Vm{_iZmSy> (45 Q>ŠHo$) `m amÁ`m§Vhr ~mJm`Vr H$mnygeoVrMoà‘mU ‘moR>o. Ë`m‘mZmZo ‘hmamï´>mV ’$º$ 4 Q>ŠHo$ H$mngmMr eoVr ~mJm`VrAmho, Ë`m‘wio H$mngmMo Xa EH$ar CËnmXZ EH$ pŠH¨$Q>cÀ`m AmgnmgMamhVo. åhUOo, Amo[agmMr CgmÀ`m ~m~VrV Or n[apñWVr Amho VrM _hmamï´>mVH$mngmÀ`m ~m~VrV. qH$~hþZm, _hmamï´>mMr n[apñWVr Ë`mhrnojm dmB©Q> Amho.CgCËnmXZ ~§X nS>bo Var Amo[agmV H$mhr ‘moR>m hmhmH$ma CS>Uma Zmhr.`mCbQ> ‘hmamï´>mVrb ’$ma ‘moR>çm àXoemMo OrdZM H$mngmda Adb§~yZ Amho.Amo[agmVrb gmaIobm boìhrMr {H§$_V OmXm R>a{dÊ`mV òVo Ë`mM nÕVrZo‘hmamï´>mVrb H$mngmbm {deof MT>Vr AmYma^yV {H§$_V {‘iUo Amdí`H$Amho; nU Aer H$mhrM ì`dñWm Zmhr. ‘hmamï´> CgmÀ`m ~m~VrV AJ«ogaamÁ` åhUyZ Ë`mbm boìhr gmaIoMr {H§$_V gdm©V H$‘r {‘iVo; nU H$mngmÀ`m~m~VrV ‘hmamï´>mMr n[apñWVr H$‘Omoa, VoWo ‘mÌ Ë`mbm H$mhr ‘XVrMm hmV{‘iV Zmhr. åhUyZ Aem {deof ì`dñWoMr Amdí`H$Vm Amho. EH$m{YH$mamZohr JaO nwar hmoB©b Ag§ drg dfmªnydu dmQ>bo hmoVo. Vr Amem H$mhr ’$bÐynPmbobr Zmhr. Va ‘J, Aer H$mhr Zdr ì`dñWm V`ma H$amdr bmJob H$sÁ`m‘wio {dX^©-‘amR>dmS>çmV H$mngmMr AW©ì`dñWm VJyZ amhrb.

EH$m{YH$mamV eoVH$è`m§Zm ñdmañ` H$m Agmdo?Zdr ì`dñWm EH$m{YH$mamMr Agmdr qH$dm H$m` `m~Ôb nwîH$i MMm©

hmoD$ eH$VmV. AZoH$ OwÝ`m g‘mOdmÚm§À`m {Zð>m amï´>r`rH$aU Am{U EH$m{YH$maAem g§H$ënZm§V JwVboë`m AmhoV. gd© OJâ AmVm `m g§H$ënm§Mm nmS>mdPmbm Agbm Var Amnmnë`m H$monè`mV H$m hmoB©Zm, Agë`m AY©dQ> g‘mOdmXr`moOZm {Q>H$dyZ R>odÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Mr YS>nS> Mmby Amho. H$mnyg IaoXrÀ`mEH$m{YH$mam{df`r {ZU©` H$aVmZm XmoZVrZ Jmoï>r ‘hÎdmÀ`m åhUyZ bjmVR>odë`m nm{hOoV.

H$mnyg IaoXr `moOZoÀ`m Zm‘m{^YmZmV EH$m{YH$ma hm eãX KmVbm Jobmhr ‘moR>r XwX¡©dr Jmoï> Amho. ‘moamaOr XogmBªMr H$m‘mMr EH$ nÕV Ago.MrZÀ`m ^maVmdarb AmH«$‘UmZ§Va XoemVrb gd© ZmJ[aH$ Xoeg§ajUmgmR>rdoJioJù`m ‘mJmªZr {ZYr Úm`bm ñd`§ñ\y$VuZo V`ma hmoVo. ‘moamaOr XogmBªZrAW©‘§Ìr åhUyZ `mgmR>r EH$ `moOZm V`ma Ho$br. Ë`m `moOZobm "g§ajU {ZYr`moOZm ' qH$dm Ago H$mhr Xwgao Zmd {Xbo AgVo Va bmoH$m§Mm à{VgmXA{YH$ CËgmhmZo {‘imbm AgVm. nU ‘moamaOtMr {dMma H$aÊ`mMr nÕVM


nmamdma amhUma Zmhr.Iwë`m MM}Mr {df`n{ÌH$mM AàñVwV`m `moOZoMo C{Ôï> Amho Am{U VÎdkmZ EH$M Amho. eoVH$è`m§À`m

H$mngmbm {ZXmZ CËnmXZIMm©BVH$m ^md {‘imbm nm{hOo Am{U Ë`mgmR>réB©, gaH$s, gyV, H$mnS> `m§À`m {dH«$sVyZ {‘iUmè`m {‘iH$VrMm OmñVrVOmñV {hñgm H$mnyg CËnmXH$m§À`m hmVmV nS>bm nm{hOo, eoVH$è`m§Mr ‘mJUrEdT>rM Amho. ho {Z`moOZmÀ`m ì`dñWoV eŠ` Agob, AmZ§X Amho; Iwë`m~mOmanoR>oÀ`m ì`dñWoV eŠ` Agob, A{V CÎm‘ Amho! eoVH$è`m§Mm AmJ«hAm{U ~m§{YbH$s hr H$moÊ`m VÎddoÎ`mZo H$moUË`m J«§WmV ‘m§S>boë`m g¡Õm§{VH$g‘mOnÕVrer Zmhr. Ë`m§Mr ‘mJUr amñV ^mdmMr Amho.

`m Ñï>rZo nmhVm ‘§w§~B©V ‘w»`‘§Í`m§Zr Am`mo{OV Ho$boë`m Iwë`m MM}Mr{df`n{ÌH$m hr AJXrM AàñVwV Amho. hmQ>o g{‘Vr AemM VèhoÀ`m{df`n{ÌHo$da {dMma H$arV hmoVr Voìhm eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo Ë`m g{‘VrbmBemam {Xbm hmoVm H$s, ""‘yi {df` Q>mHy$Z AàñVwV {df`m§daM AmnU â{XbmV Va WmoS>çmM dfmªV nwÝhm EH$Xm Zdr g{‘Vr Zo‘Ê`mMr doi òB©b.''hmQ>o g{‘VrZo `m Bemè`mH$So> Xwb©j Ho$bo Am{U An[ahm`©nUo {VMm Ahdmb~mgZmV Zmhr Va H$Mè`mÀ`m noQ>rV Jobm Am{U AmO {’$ê$Z EH$Xm Zì`mZoD$hmnmoh H$amdm bmJV Amho. Am{U ‘moR>r {d{MÌ Jmoï> Aer Amho H$s `mZì`m D$hmnmohmVhr {’$ê$Z VrM {df`n{ÌH$m nwT>o òV Amho. `m n{ÌHo$VrbàñVmdm§Mo ‘hÎd Zmhr Ago Zmhr, H$mngmMr OmV d àVdmar `m§V gwYmaUmH$aUo AJXr ‘hÎdmMo Amho; ghH$mar H$Om©À`m dgwbrMo OmoIS> `m `§ÌUoZoH$m ñdrH$mamdo `mbm H$mhr CÎma Zmhr; IaoXr H|$Ðmdarb gw{dYm dmT>{dë`mnm{hOoV, MwH$mam Ëd[aV Pmbm nm{hOo hohr Iao; nU KmVH$ amoJmZo Ord OmVmoH$m amhVmo Aem n[apñWVrV Agboë`m amo½`mÀ`m BVa {H$aH$moi AmOmam§daAm¡fYmonMma H$arV amhUo Am{U gdmªV ‘hÎdmÀ`m àmUKmVH$ amoJmH$So> Xwb©úmH$aUo `mV H$mhr ehmUnUm Zmhr.

^m§S>db{ZYrgmR>r H$nmV^m§S>db{ZYrH$[aVm H$aÊ`mV òUmar VrZ Q>ŠHo$ H$nmV hm ‘moR>m dmXmMm

{df` Amho. eoVè`m§H$Sy>Z `m aH$‘oMr AmOn`©V dgwbr H$aÊ`mV Ambr; nU`m aH$‘oMm gyV{JaÊ`m H$mT>Uo qH$dm BVa ^m§S>dbr IMm©gmR>r Cn`moJH$aÊ`mV Ambm Zmhr. `m aH$‘oMo Zo‘Ho$ H$m` Pmbo ho gm§JUoM H$R>rU Amho.

Jmoï>tH$So> S>moioPmH$ H$amdr bmJV, Vgo Omhra H$amdo bmJVo. eoVH$ar H$mnygKoD$Z naamÁ`m§V OmV Agë`mg Ë`mbm AS>H${dÊ`mV òUma Zmhr AgoAmœmgZ doJdoJù`m ‘w»`‘§Í`m§Zm AZoH$doim Úmdo bmJbo Amho. EH$m{YH$ma`m AWm©Zo EH$m{YH$ma hm H$YrM ‘obm.

nU, EH$m{YH$mamMm Iam ‘maoH$ar H|$Ð emgZM Amho. 1985 _Üò`moOZog ‘wXVdmT> XoVmZm H|$Ð emgZmZo EH$ AQ> KmVbr. `moOZoVrb H$mngmMrh‘r {H$§‘V AmYma^yV {H$‘Vrnojm OmñV AgVm H$m‘m Zò, hr Vr AQ>. `mAQ>r{dê$Õ eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo gmË`Ë`mZo Mma df} Am§XmobZ Mmb{dbo. ‘hmamï´>amÁ` emgZ eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zoer gh‘V hmoVo. nU H|$Ð emgZmg‘moa OmD$Z{ZûS>nUo ~mobÊ`mMr {hå‘V AmOn`ªV EH$mhr ‘w»`‘§Í`m§Zr XmI{dbrZmhr. dg§Vamdm§Mm dmagm gm§JUmao gÜ`mMo ‘w»`‘§Ìr Agm M‘ËH$ma H$ê$ZXmIdVmV H$m H$m` Vo nmhm`Mo Amho.

H$mnyg EH$m{YH$ma H$m`ÚmMr `moOZmM ‘wir, h‘r {H§$_V AmYma^yV{H$‘Vrnojm OmñV AgUma `m J¥hrVVÎdmda ‘m§S>bobr Amho. BVa amÁ`m§VrbeoVH$è`m§Zm AmYma^yV {H§$_V {‘iVoM. ‘hmamï´>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm EH$m{YH$ma`moOZm AgyZhr VodT>çmM {H$‘VrMr h‘r Agob Va Ë`m§Zr gaH$mar ‘ºo$XmarMoAmoPo H$m dmhmdo? ^m§S>db {ZYrgmR>r dJ©Ur H$m Úmdr ? H$‘rV H$‘r {H§$_VBVa amÁ`m§BVH$sM Agob Va VoOrÀ`m dfu {‘iUmè`m {H$_VrVbm EH${hñgm {H$_V MT>CVma-{ZYtgmR>r H$m Úmdm? h‘r {H§$_V VodT>rM; nUgdmo©ƒ {H$_V ‘mÌ VwQ>nw§Or ho ‘hmamï´>mVrb eoVH$ar H$go ‘mÝ` H$aVrb?WmoS>Š`mV, boIUrÀ`m EH$m ’$Q>H$mè`mZo H|$Ð emgZmZo moOZoVrb EH$m{YH$mamMm~Å>>>çm~moi Ho$ìhmM H$ê$Z Q>mH$bm Amho. EH$m{YH$mamÀ`m àoVmbm AmVm{H$Vrhr e¥§Jmabo Var Vo {Od§§V hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Zmhr. H$mnyg IaoXrÀ`mì`dñWoMm Zdm AmamIS>m R>a{dVmZm AàñVwV Jmoï>tZm ‘hÎd {Xbo$OmD$ Zò.1971 _Üò B§{Xam Jm§Yr g‘mOdmXmMr mfm ~mobV hmoË`m åhUyZ g‘mOdmXmMrnVmH$m ’$S>H$mdUmè`m EH$m{YH$ma IaoXr `moOZoMm CXmo CXmo Am{U {XëbrhÿZ‘wº$ ì`dñWoMo dmao dmhVmhoV åhUyZ Iwë`m ~mOmanoR>oMo nmodmSo> hr ‘moR>rIVaZmH$ àd¥Îmr Amho. EH$ gyMZm Aerhr Ambr Amho H$s `m `moOZoVrbEH$m{YH$mamMm ^mJ AmñVo nmMghm dfm©V H$mTy>Z Q>mH$Ê`mV òB©b Ago ñnï>AmœmgZ H|$ÐemgZmg AmOM Úmdo. nmMghm dfm©V {XëbrMo dmao ~XboboAm{U nwÝhm CbQ>o dmao Mmby Pmbo Va hm à`ËZ ‘m§S>Umè`m§À`m ’${OVrbm


{H$_V nmohmoM{dÊ`mMr H$m`Xoera O~m~Xmar gaH$mada Amho d Ë`mgmR>rAmdí`H$ Vr aŠH$‘ hr gaH$mar I{OÝ`mVyZ CnãY H$ê$Z {Xbr nm{hOo.Ë`mgmR>r {H§$_V MT>CVma {ZYrMm dmna H$aUo Am{U Ë`mMm ~moOm eoVH$è`m§daQ>mH$Uo ~oH$m`XoeraM Zìho Va AÝ`mæ` Am{U AZ¡{VH$ Amho. Oa {H§$_VMT>CVma {ZYrMm Cn`moJ AmYma^yV {H$‘Vrnojm H$mhr OmñV {H§$_VeoVH$è`m§n`©V nmohmoM{dÊ`mH$[aVm hmoUma Agob Va `m {ZYrg H$mhr à`moOZAm{U AW© amhrb; nU ‘J Ë`mH$[aVm H$m`ÚmVrb VaVwXrV ~Xb H$amdmbmJob Am{U ‘J `m H$m‘mH$[aVm H$amd`mMr H$nmV {H$Vr Q>ŠHo$ Agmdr`mMm doJim Am{U g{dñVa Aä`mg H$amdm bmJob.

{H§$_V MT>CVma {ZYr~m~V AmUIr EH$ ~marH$ nU ‘hÎdmMm ûcof{Z‘m©U Pmbm Amho. eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m Am§XmobZmÀ`m X~mdm‘wio H|$ÐemgZmZo {dH«$sÀ`m doir AmYma^yV {H$_VrIoarO 20 Q>ŠHo$ qH$dm A{YH$aŠH$‘ A§V[a‘ ~moZg åhUyZ Omhra H$aÊ`mMr nÕV nmS>br Amho. Ho§$ÐemgZmÀ`m h‘r {H$_Vr~m~VÀ`m AmXoemMo `m‘wio H$mhr à‘mUmV n[a‘mO©ZhmoVo; na§Vw {H$§‘V MT>CVma {ZYr~m~V ‘mÌ EH$ {dnarV n[aUm‘ KSy>Z AmbmAmho. `m {ZYrH$[aVm 25 Q>Š`m§Mr H$nmV A§{V‘ {H$_V Am{U AmYma^yV{H$_V A{YH$ ~moZg `mVrb ’$aH$mda AmH$mabr OmVo. åhUOo, {ZYrMmeoVH$è`m§À`m Ñï>rZo Cn`moJ H$‘r Am{U {ZYrH$[aVm H$aÊ`mV `oUmar H$nmVOmñV Aer {d{MÌ n[apñWVr V`ma Pmbr Amho Am{U Varhr emgZ Ë`mH$So>bj XoV Zmhr. hm {df` ‘hÎdmMm Amho H$mhr e§H$m Zmhr na§Vw `moOZm {Od§VR>odÊ`mH$[aVm hm {df`gwÕm ‘yb^yV ‘hÎdmMm R>aV Zmhr. Var Iwë`mMM}À`m {df`n{ÌHo$da `m ‘wÔçm§Mm A§V^m©d Amho ho `mo½`hr Amho; nUgdm©V OmñV ‘hÎdmÀ`m ‘wÔçm§À`m A§V^m©d `m n{ÌHo$V Zmhr hr ‘moR>rCëboIZr` Jmoï>r Amho.

{hVg§~§Yr ñdmañ`hm gmam àH$ma ‘wëbm Z{géÔrZÀ`m à»`mV Jmoï>rVë`mgmaIm Amho.

A§JR>r hadbr O§JbmV; nU ‘wëbmgmho~ A§JR>r emoYVmV Kamg‘moarbñdÀN> gmadboë`m A§JUmV. H$maU H$m` Va, A§JU emoYÊ`mgmR>r gmo`rñH$aAmho, gm’$gwWao Amho, Mm§Jë`m àH$memV Amho! emgZmbm Am{U `moOZoVrbH$‘©Mmè`m§Zm hr `moOZm Mmby amhm`bm hdr Amho. Ë`mV Ë`m§Mo {hVg§~§YJwV§bo AmhoV; nU `m `moOZoMr H$m`©dmhrM Aer Amho H$s Vr OerÀ`m Ver

‘Yë`m VmoQ>çmÀ`m H$mimV hr aŠH$‘ VmoQ>m ^ê$Z H$mT>Ê`mH$[aVm dmnabr hoCKS> Amho. AmO m {ZYrV {eëbH$ ~mH$s eyÝ` Amho, m aH$‘oda eoVH$è`m§ZmH$m`Úmà‘mUo ì`mO {‘im`bm nm{hOo. Joë`m dfm©n`ªV eoVH$è`m§Zm ì`mOXoÊ`mV Ambo Zmhr. eoVH$è`m§Zr `m ì`mOmda AmVm nmUr gmoS>bo åhUOo,EH$m AWm©Zo eoVH$è`m§Zr ^m§S>db{ZYrH$[aVm VrZ Q>ŠŠ`m§nojm OmñV H$nmVghZ Ho$br Amho. dfm©nbrH$So> ‘hm‘§S>imZo ^m§S>db{ZYrVrb aH$‘oda ì`mOÚm`bm gwê$dmV Ho$br. {dZmoXmMm mJ Agm H$s Ë`m dfu ì`mOmMr MwH${dbobraŠH$‘ Am{U m§S>dc{ZYrH$[aVm Ho$bobr H$nmV m aH$‘m OdiOdi gma»`mhmoË`m. n{hë`m dfu doJio MoH$ H$mT>Ê`mMm AZmdí`H$ IM© VodT>m Pmcm.Ë`mZ§VaÀ`m dfu doJio MoH$ H$mT>bo Jobo ZmhrV, ho Iao; Ë`m‘wio ì`mOmMraŠH$‘ MwH$Vr H$aÊ`mgmR>r àemgH$s` IM© H$mhr ’$magm Ambm Zgmdm; nUVarhr ì`mOmMr aŠH$‘ Am{U ^m§S>db{ZYrgmR>r H$nmV `mVrb ’$aH$ AmVmBVH$m {H$aH$moi Amho H$s hm gd© "Aì`mnmaofw ì`mnma' eoVH$è`m§À`m ‘ZmVMrS> {Z‘m©U H$aÊ`mnwaVmM Cn`moJr Amho.

^m§S>dbr {ZYrVyZ gyV{JaÊ`m dJ¡ao H$mT>ë`m åhUOo eoVH$è`m§À`m H$mngmbmH$mhr MT>m ^md {‘iUma Amho Ago Zmhr. Ë`m‘wio ^m§S>dc{ZYrMm Cn`moJH$gm H$amdm hmhr EH$ MM}Mm {df` hmoD$ eH$Vmo. ghH$mar joÌmV {JaÊ`mH$mT>Ê`mnoojm `m {ZYrÀ`m Cn`moJmZo JmdmoJmdr eoVH$è`m§Zm, bhmZ‘moR>o aoMoKmbÊ`mg IwboAm‘ nadmZJr {Xbr Va eoVH$è`m§Mm {ZXmZ Á`mXm amoOJmamÀ`mñdê$nmV Var ’$m`Xm hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho. AmO{‘Vrg, Ago aoMo Q>mH$Ê`mMr~§Xr Amho. EdT>oM Zdo Va OwÝ`m nadmZmYmaH$m§Mm drOnwadR>m VmoS>Ê`mMmAmJmD$nUmhr ‘hmamï´> amÁ` drO ‘§S>im‘m’©$V Ho$bm OmVmo.

{H$_V MT>CVma {ZYrMo à`moOZA§{V‘ {H$_V d h‘r {H$_V `m§À`mVrb V’$mdVrn¡H$s EH$ {hñgm (25

Q>ŠHo$) {H$_V MT>CVma {ZYrÀ`m ê$nmZo ~mOybm R>odUo hr H$ënZm ñdmJVmh©Amho. H$nmV 25 Q>ŠŠ`m§Mr Agmdr H$m H$‘rOmñV Agmdr ho AZw^dm§Zr{Z{üV H$aVm Ambo AgVo. Mm§Jë`m ~aH$VrÀ`m dfu {‘imboë`m bm^mVyZEH$ {hñgm ‘§XrÀ`m qH$dm XwîH$mimÀ`m dfm©H$[aVm amIyZ R>odUo `mV {dÎmr`gwknUm Amho; nU `m gd©M `moOZobm Ho§$Ð emgZmZo gwé$§J bmdbm. h‘r{H$§_V AmYma^yV {H$_Vrnojm OmñV Agy Z`o Ago R>abo H$s {H$_V MT>CVma{ZYrMo H$mhr à`moOZM amhV Zmhr. H$maU, eoVH$è`m§Zm {H$‘mZ AmYma^yV


Vnmgbo åhUOo ho ñnï> hmoB©b.ZmoH$aXma, nwT>mar Am{U {JaUr‘mbH$ `m§Mm EH$m{YH$mam‘wio ’$m`Xm Pmbm;

nU Á`mÀ`m {hVmH$[aVm ‘ybV… hr `moOZm gwê$ Pmbr Ë`mÀ`m nXamV H$m`nS>bo? hm {df`M ‘wimV Q>miÊ`mMm à`ËZ hmoVmo Amho. OoWo hm {df`Q>miUo eŠ` Zmhr VoWo {Xem^yb H$aUmar AmH$So>dmar emgZmZo Iwë`m MM}gmR>rV`ma Ho$boë`m XñVEodOmV {Xbr Amho. `mg§~§Yr H$mhr ‘wÔo R>m‘nUo nwT>o‘m§S>Uo Amdí`H$ Amho.

H$mngmMo ^md1. ~hþVoH$ dfu ‘hmamï´>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Zm Ë`m§À`m H$mngmH$[aVm {‘imbobm

^md naàm§VmVrb gamgar ^mdmnojm H$‘r am{hbobm Amho. `m {df`mdaeoVH$è`m§À`m ‘ZmV H$moUVmhr g§Xoh Zmhr; nU emgZ Am{U `moOZoVrbA{YH$mardJ© ‘mÌ gË` n[apñWVr ZmH$mê$ nmhVmV. naàm§VmVrb MT>çm{H$_Vr H$mhr H$mimnwaË`mM ‘`m©{XV AgVmV. df©âmVrb ^m[aV gamgar(weighted average) H$mT>ë`mg naàm§VmVrb {H$_VrMr df©âmVrb ^m[aVgamgar ‘hmamï´>mVrb A§{V‘ {H$‘Vrnojm H$‘r AgVo Agm H$m§Jmdm H$aÊ`mVòVmo. Iwë`m MM}H$[aVm emgZmZo V`ma Ho$boë`m nwpñVHo$V n[a{eï> 3 ‘Üò`m g§~§Yr H$mhr AmH$So>dmar XoÊ`mV Ambr Amho. {‘imboë`m WmoS>çm H$mimVgd© AmH$So>dmar VnmgyZ KoUo H$mhr eŠ` Pmbobo Zmhr; nU Am§Y« àXoemVrbAS>moZr ~mOmanoR>oVrb EM-4 H$mngmÀ`m {H$‘Vr H|$Ð emgZmÀ`m eoVH$sg§»`memór` {ZXoeH$m§Zr à{gÕ Ho$ë`m AmhoV. Ë`m§À`mer VwbZm H$aVm1985 -86 Mo EH$ df© gmoS>ë`mg ~mH$s gd© dfu AS>moZrVrb H$mngmÀ`mgamgar {H$_Vr ‘hmamï´>mV‘rb A§{V‘ ^mdmnojm daMT> hmoË`m ho ñnï> {XgVo.AWm©VM, VoWrb MT>çm {H$_Vr ‘hmamï´>mV {‘iUmè`m ^mdmnojm {H$VrVarOmñV hmoË`m

éB©À`m {H$_Vr2. EH$m{YH$ma IaoXr `moOZoZo {dH$boë`m éB©À`m {H$‘Vr éB© ì`mnmamVrb

{H$‘Vrnojm H$‘r AmhoV. ‘hmamï´>mVrb EH$m{YH$ma ì`dñWoÀ`m hmVr XoemVrbEHy$U CËnmXZmn¡H$s 15 Vo 20 Q>ŠHo$ H$mngmMm gmR>m òVmo. EH$m{YH$ma IaoXr`moOZoMo joÌ XoemVrb dómoÚmoJmÀ`m Ho$§ÐmÀ`m Odi Amho ho bjmV KoVm `m`moOZog BVam§À`m VwbZoZo IynM Mm§Jë`m {H$_Vr {‘im`bm nm{hOo; nUàË`jmV n[apñWVr CbQ>r Amho. 1974 Vo 1987 m H$mimV éB© Am{U gaH$s

nwT>o Mmby R>odUo eŠ` Zmhr. åhUyZ `moOZoV gwYmaUm H$aÊ`mMm Amd AmUyZàË`jmV ‘mÌ H$mhr WmVwa‘mVwa OwO~r ‘b‘nÅ>>çm H$ê$Z `moOZm eŠ` VmoAmho VerM nwT>o Mmbdm`Mr `mV AZoH$ {hVg§~§Y Jw§Vbo AmhoV.

`moOZoVrb ZmoH$aXmam§Mr g§»`m ’$ma ‘moR>r Amho. dfm©Vbm {Zå‘m H$miH$m‘, ~mH$s Amam‘ Am{U BVa gaH$mar ZmoH$am§À`m ~amo~arÀ`m Xm‘ Am{U daeoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z MonyZ H$mT>m`bm nm{hOoV {VVHo$ N>X>m‘ Aer Ë`m§Mr ‘moR>rIwehmb n[apñWVr Amho. ho ~hþVoH$ ZmoH$aXma nwT>mè`m§À`m AmoimIr {e’$maerZoMbmJbobo AmhmoV. gÜ`mMr AH$m`©j‘ ì`dñWm VerM Mmby amhÊ`mV `m‘§S>itMm ‘moR>m {hVg§~§Y Jw§Vbobm Amho. `m `moOZoV ~Xb H$am`Mm PmbmVa ZmoH$aXmam§Mr g§»`m WmoS>r’$ma H$‘r H$amdr bmJob. {ZXmZ Ë`m§À`mH$m‘mMo ñdê$n ~Xbmdo bmJob. Aem H$moUË`mhr `moOZog `m ‘§S>itMm{damoY hmoUma Amho.

ghH$mar ì`dñWoVrb nwT>mar ‘§S>itMmhr `m `moOZoV gwYmaUm H$aÊ`mg{damoY amhUma Amho, "{dX^m©Mr Apñ‘Vm' EH$m{YH$mamer Jw§VdyZ `m ‘§S>ir§Zr{dX^m©V Ago H$mhr ^rVrMo, XheVrMo dmVmdaU V`ma Ho$bo Amho H$sEH$m{YH$mam{déÕ ~mobm`bm ^bo ^co Km~aVmV. EH$m{YH$ma IaoXr `moOZo‘wiogÎmmYmar nj n[anwð> ìhm`bm àË`j AàË`j ‘mJm©Zr e§âoH$ H$moQ>r én`m§MrVaVyX hmoVo. AWm©VM, gÚ… n[apñWVr ~XbÊ`mV ho nwT>mar ‘moR>m CËgmhXmI{dÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Zmhr.

EH$m{YH$ma -{JaUr‘mbH$m§Mo ‘mo’$V JmoXm‘H$mnyg EH$m{YH$ma IaoXr `moOZoV Jw§Vbobm {Vgam g§~§Y A{YH$ ZmOyH$

Amho. H$mngmMr EH$m{YH$ma IaoXr ’$º$ ‘hmamï´>mV Agë`m‘wio {Vbm XoeâMo{JaUr‘mbH$ {damoY H$aVmV Am{U ‘w§~B© nargamVrb {JaUr‘mbH$hr `m`moOZobm H$moR>o nmqR>~m XoVmZm {XgV ZmhrV; nU "A§Xa H$s ~mV ' ’$ma doJirAmho. H$mngmMr EH$m{YH$ma IaoXr Pmë`mnmgyZ ‘w§~B©Vrb {JaÊ`m§Zm AmVmnyduà‘mUo VrZ-Mma ‘{hÝ`m§Mm H$mngmMm gmR>m H$amdm bmJV Zmhr Am{UAem gmR>çmgmR>r Ë`m§Mm n¡gm Jw§VyZhr nS>V Zmhr. EH$m{YH$mamÀ`m {dH«$sì`dñWo‘wio Zo‘H$m nm{hOo VodT>mM H$mnyg nm{hOo Ë`mdoir IaoXr H$ê$ZË`m§Mo Mmby eH$Vo. H$mngmMm gmR>m H$aÊ`mMm Ë`m§Mm gJim IM© dmMbmAmho Am{U Vmo EH$m{YH$ma I§aoXr `moOZoÀ`m åhUOo eoVH$è`m§À`m ~moH$m§S>r~gbm Amho. ‘w§~B©Vrb {JaÊ`m§Mo 1971 À`m nyduMo d Z§VaMo Vmio~§X


VÁkm§Zr Ho$boë`m Aä`mgmà_mUo Ago AmT>iyZ Amco Amho H$s éB©À`m{H$_VrVrc eoVH$è`m§Zm {‘iUmam {hñgm H$mngmMr EH$m{YH$ma IaoXr gwê$hmoÊ`mnydu {H$Vr Var OmñV hmoVm. (1962 Vo 1968 n`ªV Ywio, {eanya,nmMmoam d OiJm§d òWo eoVH$è`m§Zm 88 Vo 93 Q>¸o$ BVH$m {hñgm {_imcm.`m CcQ> _hmamï´> H$mnyg EH$m{YH$ma `moOZoZo {Xcocm {hñgm 1972 Vo 1991`m H$mimV AZwH«$_o 76, 61, 88, 64, 44, 68, 85, 84, 80, 94, 87,78, 96, 119, 65, 52, 62, 69, 60 BVH$m am{hcm Amho)o

Xwgè`m H$mhr VÁkm§Zr Ho$boë`m Aä`mgmV JwOamV‘Yrb n[apñWVrhrgd©gmYmanUo AerM hmoVr … åhUOo JwOamVÀ`m ghH$mar ì`dñWoV eoVH$è`mÀ`mnXar éB©À`m {H$‘VrVrb 92 Vo 93 Q>ŠHo$ aŠH$‘ nS>V Ago d ImOJrì`mnmamV hr Q>ŠHo$dmar 80 nojm H$‘r hmoVr. ‘wimV VH«$ma hr hmoVr. ImOJrì`mnmè`m§H$Sy>Z hmoUmao emofU Xÿa H$aÊ`mH$[aVm EH$m{YH$ma ì`dñWm gwê$H$aÊ`mV Amcr. gamgarZo 67 Q>¸o$ BVH$m {hñgm EH$m{YH$mamZo eoVH$è`m§Zm{Xcm.

`moOZoV eoVH$è`m§Zm AZwHy$b ~XbmMr g§Yr‘hmamï´> H$mnyg EH$m{YH$mar IaoXr `moOZoMo ‘yë`‘mnZ H$aVmZm Am{U

{dH«$s nwZ~mªYUr H$aVmZm AZoH$ Jmoï>r§H$So> bj Km`bm nm{hOo. nU Ë`m§Vrbgdm©V ‘hÎdmÀ`m JmoîQ>r åhUOo {dH«$s ì`dñWm gwYmaUo Am{U éB©{dH«$sVrbOmñVrV OmñV {hñgm eoVH$è`mÀ`m nXar nSo>b, CYibm OmUma Zmhr Aerì`dñWm H$aUo. Aer gwYmaUm gÜ`mÀ`m gaH$mar ì`dñWoV eŠ` AmhoH$m`? `mV AeŠ` Ago H$mhr Zmhr. ‘hmamï´>mVrb hr IaoXr ì`dñWm {Q>H$brnm{hOo. EH$drg df} {Vbm ‘ºo$XmarMo g§ajU {‘imbo Amho. AmVm Iwë`m~mOmanoR>oV CVê$Z H$m`©j‘nUo Am{U gMmoQ>rÀ`m AmYmamZo BVam§er ñnYm©H$aÊ`mMr V`mar {VZo R>odbr Va ‘hmamï´>mVrb emgH$s` H$mnyg IaoXr `§ÌUog^{dVì` Amho Am{U EH$m{YH$ma IaoXrÀ`m AmOdaÀ`m OmMmVyZ ‘wº$ hmoD$ZeoVH$ar "‘hmË‘m Omo{V~m ’w$bo eoVH$ar godm ì`dñWo'V CËgmhmZo d Ah‘h{‘Ho$Zogh^mJr hmoVrb. Iwë`m ~mOmanoR>oMo dmao Xoeâ dmhV AgVmZm H$mngmMrEH$m{YH$ma IaoXr Am{U eoVH$è`m§Zm éB© H$aÊ`mgmR>r KaJwVr aoMoQ>mH$Ê`mMrgwÕm ~§Xr ho H$moU MmbdyZ KoUma? Iwë`m MM}Mo Am`moOZ H$éZ‘w»`‘§Í`mZr ‘moR>çm Anojm V`ma Ho$ë`m AmhoV; nU Ë`mVyZ {Zamem nmoQ>rAmbr Va eoVH$ar Am§XmobZmMm Zdm CÐoH$ Mma ‘{hÝ`m§À`m AmV àË`j

`m§H$[aVm EH$m{YH$ma `moOZog {‘imboë`m gamgar {H$_Vr d JwOamV‘YrbghH$mar g§ñWobm {‘imboë`m {H$_Vr `mMr VwbZm Ho$ë`mda ho cjmV òVo.

‘hmamï´> H$mnyg EH$m{YH$ma IaoXr `moOZog {‘imboë`m {H$_Vr Xhm VoMmirg Q>ŠŠ`m§n`©V H$‘r AmhoV. JwOamV‘Yrb H$mnyg hm OmñV Mm§Jë`mOmVrMm (Eg-4) ho bjmV KoVmhr ‘hmamï´>mÀ`m {dH«$s ì`dñWoV ’$ma ‘moR>oXmof AmhoV ho CKS> Amho.

hr n[añWVr eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo nyduM Ë`m doiMo ‘w»`‘§Ìr lr. e§H$aamdMìhmU m§À`m ZOaog AmUyZ {Xbr hmoVr. {dH«$s g{‘Vrda XoIaoI R>odÊ`mgmR>reoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMo XmoZ à{V{ZYr Zo‘bo OmdoV hr gyMZm Ë`m§Zr ‘mÝ` Ho$br.`m gXñ`m§Mr CnpñWVr {dH«$s g{‘Vrg gmo`rñH$a ZìhVr ho CKS> Amho. lr.eaX ndma ‘w»`‘§Ìr Pmë`m~amo~a hr OmMH$ XoIaoI Ë`m§Zr ~§X H$ê$ZQ>mH$br.

à{H«$`m KQ>3. H$mngmMr éB© ~Z{dVmZm hmoUmar KQ> hr _hmamï´>mVrc EH$m{YH$ma

ì`dñWoV AVmoZmV OmñV Amho. nydu hr KQ> Mma Vo nmM Q>¸o$ Agë`mMo _mÝ`Ho$co OmV Ago. AmVm AmH$S>çm§Mr {\$adm{\$adr H$ê$Z KQ> XmoZ Q>ŠŠ`m§À`mAmgnmg Agë`mMo XmI{dco OmVo. hr Zdr AmH$S>odmar Iar Amho Ago J¥hrVYaco VargwÕm _hmamï´>mV KQ> H$_r H$aÊ`mg nwîH$i dmd Amho .

àemgH$s` IM©4. H$mngmMr IaoXr Vo éB©Mr {dH«$s gd© H$m‘H$mOmH$[aVm bmJUmam

àemgH$s` IM© ‘hmamï´> H$mnyg EH$m{YH$ma IaoXr `moOZoV dmao‘mn OmñVAmho. ImOJr ì`mnmamV hm IM© 70 Vo 80 énò à{V q¹$Q>b Yabm OmVmo.‘hmamï´> H$mnyg EH$m{YH$ma IaoXr `moOZoV AmO hm IM© à{V q¹$Q>b 150én`m§À`m Amgnmg Amho. åhUOo ZmoH$aehm§Mr CKinÅ>r eoVH$è`m§À`m Vmo|S>Mo75 énò H$mngmÀ`m Xa q¹$Q>b‘mJo KoD$Z OmVo.

éB© {dH«$sVyZ eoVH$è`m§Zm {‘imbocm VwQ>n§wOm {hñgm5. éB©À`m {dH«$s {H$‘§VrVrb OmñVrV OmñV {hñgm eoVH$è`m§À`m nXar

nS>mdm ho EH$m{YH$ma IaoXr `moOZoMo ‘yi C{Ôï> hmoVo. àË`jmV Oo KS>bo VoAJXrM Ca\$mQ>o. éB©Mr {H$‘V EH$m{YH$ma ì`dñWobm H$‘r {‘iVo ho daXmI{dboM Amho; nU `m Hw$aVS>boë`m {H$_VrVrbhr eoVH$è`mÀ`m nXarnS>Umam {hñgm hm, EImX Xwgao df© gmoS>ë`mg, KQ>V Mmbbm Amho. doJdoJù`m


VohoVrg

H$mnyg EH$m{YH$mamMm ‘¥Ë¶wcoI

‘hmamï´> emgZmÀ`m H$mnyg EH$m{YH$ma IaoXrMm AIoarg A§V Pmbm.H|$Ðr` dómoÚmoJ ‘§Ìmb`mMo g{Md lr. gw~«‘Ê`‘² `m§Zr Ver A{YH¥$VKmofUm AmVm Ho$br Amho.

EH$m{YH$ma `moOZoMo EH$ OZH$ èd§Vamd ‘mo{hVo `m§ZrM EH$m{YH$mamÀ`mg§H$ënZoMo ahñ` AOmUVm àm‘m{UH$nUo gm§JyZ Q>mH$bo hmoVo. ""Ë`m H$mimVB§{Xam Jm§Yr§Mr amOdQ> hmoVr, g‘mOdmXmMm ~mob~mbm hmoVm åhUyZ EH$m{YH$mamMrñWmnZm Pmbr.''

‘hmamï´> amÁ`mZo n{hbo nmD$b CMbbo, nmR>monmR> BVa amÁòhr Amnmnë`màXoem§V H$mnyg EH${YH$ma IaoXr `moOZm gwê$ H$aVrb Aer Anojm hmoVr.‘hmamï´>mIoarO BVa H$moUË`mhr amÁ`mZo Vgm à`ËZgwÕm Ho$bm Zmhr. JwOamVamÁ`mV H$mnyg IaoXrV ghH$mar MidirMo à^wËd Amho. Ë`m‘wio JwOamVoVVer JaO ^mgbr Zmhr. h[a`mUm, n§Om~ Am{U Am§Y« àXoe `m VrZ,H$mngmMo ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV CËnmXZ H$aUmè`m amÁ`m§V H$m°Q>Z H$m°nm}aoeZ Am°’$B§{S>`m (CCI)Mr IaoXr ImOJr ì`mnmè`m§À`m ~amo~a ~è`mn¡H$s H$m`©j‘VoZoH$m‘ H$aV Agë`mZo EH$m{YH$mamMm g‘mOdmXr CËgmh Ë`m§Zr H$Yr XmIdbmZmhr. ‘hmamï´>mV OÝ‘bobr EH$m{YH$ma moOZm ‘hmamï´>mnwaVrM ‘`m©{XV am{hbr.`m ^m¡Jmo{bH$ ‘`m©XoVM EH$m{YH$ma `moOZoÀ`m AnèmMo EH$ H$maU Amho.

eoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z ^m§S>db {‘idyZ H$mngmnmgyZ Vo H$mnS>mn`ªV {d{dYCÚmoJm§Mr EH$ CVa§S> V`ma H$amdr Aer hr `moOZoÀ`m OZH$m§Mr H$ënZmhmoVr. Ë`m‘wio H$mngmÀ`m àXoemV gmIa gm‘«mÁ`mÀ`m VmoS>rg VmoS> Aerì`dñWm V`ma hmoB©b Aerhr EH$ Amem. XwX£dmZo, H$mnyg EH$m{YH$ma `moOZmH$mnyg IaoXrnwaVrM ‘`m©{XV am{hbr. eoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z O‘m Ho$bobo ^m§S>db

g‘moa òB©b, hohr {VVHo$M Iao. (‘hmamï´> emgZmÀ`m dVrZo ‘w§~B© òWo {X. 26 ‘o 1992 amoOr> EH$m{YH$ma H$mnyg

IaoXr `moOZm MMm© Amòm{OV H$aÊ`mV Ambr hmoVr. lr. eaX Omoer `m§Zr `m MM}À`m

doir _m§S>coco {dMma)



H$am`Mm, ‘J OgOgo df© nwT>o OmB©b VgVgo CËnmXZmMo AmH$So> dmT>V OmUmaAm{U eoVH$è`mÀ`m hmVr H$mhrhr ‘mb am{hbm Zmhr Va H$YrVar {Z`m©VrMmH$moQ>m gaH$maÀ`m ‘oha~mZrZo gwQ>Uma. {Z`m©V H$am`Mr R>abr H$s Vr eodQ>n`ªVnma nSo>b `mMr H$hrM ImÌr Zmhr. H$mngmÀ`m Am§Vaamï´>r` ~mOmanoR>oVqhXwñWmZMr à{Vð>m eyÝ`. Ë`m‘wio qhXwñWmZmVrb ì`mnmè`m§À`m naXoer^mD$~§Xm§Zr, {Z`m©V H$moQ>m Omhra Pmë`m~amo~a H$mhr IaoXr Ho$br Va Ë`mbmM{Z`m©V åhUm`Mo Aer gmar n[apñWVr.

`mCcQ>, {JaUr ‘mbH$m§Zr Oam AaS>mAmoaS>m gwê$ Ho$bm H$s VmVS>rZoH$mngmÀ`m Am`mVrMm {ZU©` KoD$Z Vmo bmJmobJ A‘bmVhr `m`Mm.eoVr‘mbmÀ`m emofUmMo gaH$mar YmoaU gd©M eoVr-CËnmXZm§Zm bmJy Amho hoIao; nU H$mngmBVHo$ emofU Xwgè`m H$moUË`mM ‘mbmMo Pmbo Zmhr. S§>Ho$bàñVmdmda ghr H$aVmZm qhXwñWmZ gaH$maÀ`m ì`mnma ‘§Ìmb`mZo H$mngmdarbCUo g~{gS>r gdm©V A{YH$ åhUOo-205.82 Q>ŠHo$ Agë`mMm H$~wbrO~m~{Xbm Amho. Agë`m gaH$mar gwbVmZemhrV EH$m{YH$ma `moOZm àm‘m{UH$nUoam~dbr Jobr AgVr Var èñdr R>abr ZgVr. ‘hmamï´> emgZmMr J~miJ«§WrAm{U ^«ï>mMmamZo ~a~Q>bobr EH$m{YH$ma `moOZm èñdr hmoÊ`mMr ‘wimVMH$mhr eŠ`Vm ZìhVr.

{Z`m©VrMm H$moQ>m Ooìhm Ooìhm Omhra hmoB© Voìhm Voìhm, Iao åhQ>bo Va‘hmamï´> EH$m{YH$ma IaoXrg AJ«hŠH$mZo {Z`m©VrMm H$moQ>m {‘im`bm nm{hOohmoVm; nU Ago H$Yr KS>bo Zmhr. JwOamV, h[a`mUm, n§Om~ òWrb H$mnyg{Z`m©VrV nwT>o am{hbm. Ë`m‘wio {Z`m©VrVrb dmT>rd {H$_VrMm ’$m`Xm‘hmamï´m>Vrb H$mnyg CËnmXH$ eoVH$è`mg H$YrVar Zdgmgm`mgmZo {‘imbm.

EH$m{YH$ma IaoXrMm EH$ ‘moR>o bm^YmaH$ EH$m{YH$mamMm ZmoH$adJ© nUË`mhrnojm ‘moR>m ’$m`Xm CR>dbm Vmo {JaUr ‘mbH$m§Zr. EH$m{YH$mamÀ`mgaH$mar §ÌUoV ~mOmamVrb MT>CVmamMm ’$m`Xm KoD$Z {dH«$s H$aUo ho H$R>rUM.Ë`mEodOr bmb{\$Vrbm nobdUmar EH$ nÕVr R>adÊ`mV Ambr. AmR>dS>çmVyZEH$Xm H$moQ>oeZ ‘mJdyZ {dH«$s H$am`Mr. AmR>dS>çmÀ`m AmR>dS>çmbm H$mnyg{‘iÊ`mMr ImÌr {‘imë`m‘wio {JaÊ`m§Zm ê$B©Mm gmR>m H$aÊ`mMr H$mhrMAmdí`H$Vm am{hbr Zmhr. H$ÀÀ`m ‘mbmÀ`m gmR>çmV AS>Hy$Z nS>Umao gJio^m§S>db ‘moH$io Pmbo Am{U ~mOmanoR>onojm nS>Ë`mM ^mdmZo IaoXr H$aÊ`mMrn[anmR>r nSy>Z Jobr. {JaUr ‘mbH$ Iye Pmbo. {dH«$s g{‘VrÀ`m loð>tÀ`m

CYi‘mYirV g§nyZ Jobo. EH${YH$mamÀ`m AnèmMo ho Xwgao H$maU.H$mñVH$mam§Zr {nH$dboë`m nm§T>è`m gmoÝ`mbm `mo½` ^md {‘imdm hr

EH$m{YH$mamMr ‘hÎdmMr àoaUm. nwbmoX gaH$mamÀ`m H$maH$sXuV ApIb maVrÀmYma^yV {H$_Vrnojm {ZXmZ 20 Q>¸o$ A{YH$ aŠH$‘ h‘r {H$_V åhUyZ{‘imdr `m VÎdmbmhr ‘mÝ`Vm {‘imbr; nU àË`jmV XmoZ Mma dfmªMmAndmX gmoS>bm Va EH$m{YH$mamImbr {‘imbobr {H$‘V hr AJXr eoOmaÀ`mamÁ`m§V Iwë`m ~mOmamV {‘imboë`m {H$_VrÀ`m VwbZooZo H$‘r am{hbr. amOrdJm§YtÀ`m H$mimV Va H|$Ð emgZmZo h‘r {H$_V Am{U AmYma^yV {H§$_V`m§À`mV V’$mdV AgVmM H$m‘m Zò Agm H$S>H$ {Z`‘ ‘hmamï´> emgZmdabmXbm. Ë`m‘wio EH$m{YH$ma IaoXrMr H$ënZmM {ZaW©H$ R>abr hmoVr.‘hmamï´>mIoarO BVa amÁ`m§Vrb eoVH$ar nm{hOo VoWo H$mnyg {dHy$ eH$VmV.CCI, ImOJr ì`mnmar `m§VyZ IaoXrXmamMr {ZdS> H$ê$ eH$VmV. Ë`m§ZmH$m`Xoera hŠH$mZo {‘iUmar AmYma yV {H$§_V Am{U ‘hmamï´>mVrb EH$m{YH$mamMoH§w$Hy$ bmdboë`m eoVH$è`mbm {‘iUmar {H§$_V ^m§S>dbr H$nmV VgoM {H$_VMT>CVma {ZYr `m§Mm ~moOm gmogyZhr gmaIrM amhmdr hm {Z`‘ åhUOo gaH$marAOmJinUmMmM nwamdm. {H$§_V MT>CVma{ZYr `m H$ënZobm amOrd Jm§YtÀ`mAmXoemZ§Va H$mhr AW©M Cabm Zmhr Am{U Varhr emgZmZo hr H$nmV MmbyMR>odbr.

‘hmamï´> emgZmÀ`m EH$m{YH$ma IaoXrV eoVH$è`m§Zm Mm§Jbr {H§$_V{‘iÊ`mMr H$mhrM eŠ`Vm ZìhVr. EH$m{YH$ma IaoXrV amOH$s`d{ebo~mOrnmoQ>r â‘gmQ> ZmoH$arâVr Pmbr. H$mnyg IaoXr ho h§Jm‘r H$m‘;nU Ë`mgmR>r gaH$mar Y~S>½`mV df©â nJma ImUmam nyU©doi ZmoH$adJ©,H$mngmVyZ ê$B© H$aÊ`mgmR>r òUmam IM© AdmT>ì`, Ë`mV hmoUmar H$mngmMrKQ> gdm©V A{YH$. EdT>oM Zìho Va, XoemVrb EHy$U CËnmXZmÀ`m OdiOdi20 Q>¸o$ ‘mb hmVr òD$Z {dH«$sMr {H$_V ‘mÌ {H$aH$moi ì`mnmè`m§Zm{‘iUmè`m {H$_VrÀ`m VwbZoZo H$‘rM. Aer hr AOmJi ì`dñWm Ho$digaH$mar AmYmamda Mmbbr, EH$m{YH$mamVrb ZmoH$aXmam§À`m {hVmgmR>r VrMmbbr.

H$mngmMr {Z`m©V ho H$YrVar MmbyZ òUmao ^m½`. H$mngmMo nrH$ V`mahmoÊ`mMr doi Ambr H$s `§Xm H$mngmMm VwQ>dS>m Amho Agm JhO~ {JaUr‘mbH$m§‘m’©$V Ë`m§Mo ‘wI§S> Q>oŠñQ>mB©b H${‘eZa `m§À`mnmgyZ gdmªZr Mmby


H$m±J«ogr H|$Ð emgZmg H$mhrM à`moOZ Zmhr.Iao nm{hbo Va, EH$m{YH$ma IaoXr aÔ Pmë`m‘wio gaH$maÀ`m H$m`©H«$‘mV

H$mhrM ’$aH$ nS>Ê`mMo H$maU Zmhr. Ë`m§Zr nyduà‘mUoM IaoXr Mmby R>odmdr.ì`mnmè`m§er ñnY}oZo dmT>Vr {H$_V Úmdr, ’$º$ ‘ºo$XmarMm AmJ«h Yê$ Zò.eoVH$è`m§Zm nadS>bo Va EH$m{YH$ma aÔ Pmë`mZ§Vahr gaH$mar IaoXrH$So>oVrb AÝ`Wm, ImOJr ì`mnmè`m§H$So> OmVrb. H$m`ÚmÀ`m ~S>½`mZo eoVH$è`m§Mr

{Zð>m {‘idVm òUma Zmhr, Ë`mgmR>r H$mhr H$V©~Jmar XmIdmdr bmJob.EH$m{YH$mamMm A§V Pmë`mZo eoVH$ar gwQ>Ho$Mm {Z…œmg Q>mH$Uma Amho;

nU ñdmV§Í`m~amo~a O~m~Xmarhr òVo `mMo {dñ‘aU hmoVm H$m‘m Zò. nrH$hmVr Ambo H$s Ho$ìhmhr {dH«$sH$[aVm KoD$Z Omdo, ‘mb ~mOmamV H$Yr Ý`mdm,H$moUË`m ~mOmamV Ý`mdm `mMm {dMma H$aÊ`mMo H$mhr H$maU ZìhVo. AmVmn[apñWVr ~XbUma Amho. Km`Hw$VonUmZo ‘mb ~mOmamV Zobm Va {H$‘VrH$mogiVrb Am{U Am{U "~Km, EH$m{YH$maM Mm§Jbm hmoVm' Aer eoIr{‘adÊ`mMm ‘moH$m OwÝ`m ì`dñWoVrb {hVg§~§{Y`m§Zm {‘iy eHo$b. òUmarì`dñWm Iwë`m ~mOmanoR>oMr Zmhr. ì`dñWm AOyZ ~§{XñVM Amho. {Z`m©VX§S>~oS>çmV AS>H$bobrM Amho. Am`mV H$ê$Z Xoer {H$_V nmS>Ê`mMm CÚmoJgaH$ma Ho$ìhmhr H$ê$ eH$Vo. ‘hmamï´>mVrb EH$m{YH$mamMr Jwbm‘{Jar g§nbrEdT>oM H$m` Vo nwT>Mo nmD$b! ~mH$s gmè`m bT>m`m AOyZ nwT>oM AmhoV.

(eoVH$ar g§KQ>H$, 6 Am°ŠQ>mo~a 1995)

Xmhr ~moQ>m§da {hè`m§À`m A§JR>çm MT>ë`m. `m gJù`mMm ~moOm H$mnygCËnmXH$ H$mñVH$mamÀ`m ‘mÏ`mda nS>bm.

H$mnyg CËnmXH$m§Zm {‘iUmè`m {H$‘Vr H$‘r AmhoV ho gaH$maXoIrb ‘mÝ`H$arV Ago. ~amo~aM ‘moR>çm {YQ>mB©Zo H$mngmÀ`m nSo>b ^mdm§Mo g‘W©ZhrH$arV Ago. H$mngmMo ^md dmT>bo Va gwVmMo ^md dmT>Vrb Am{U Ë`m‘wioJar~ {~Mmè`m hmV‘mJ H$m‘Jmam§da Cnmg‘marMr doi òB©b Agm ‘moR>mH$idù`mMm XoImdm hr ‘§S>ir H$aV. hmV‘mJ Y§ÚmVrb CËnmXZ {JaUrÀ`m‘mbmÀ`m ñnY}V CVabo Va Vo H$YrM {H$’$m`Vera R>aUma Zmhr. CbQ> VoWoH$bmHw$garMo H$m‘ Pmbo Va Mm§Jbo CËnmXZ {‘idVm òB©b `mMr OmUrdhmV‘mJmÀ`m ‘wI§S>m§Zr H$Yr XmIdbr Zmhr. Amåhr AOmJinUo Z nadS>UmamY§Xm Mmbdy Am{U Ë`mMm ~moOm eoVH$è`m§Zr CMbbm nm{hOo Agm Ë`m§MmAÅ>mhmg.

EH$m{YH$marbm H$m±J«ogOZm§Mm nmqR>~m am{hbm. ZmoH$aXmè`m§À`m g§KQ>Zm§MmnmqR>~m am{hbm. {JaUr ‘mbH$m§Zm Va hr `moOZm ’$maM ß`mar. eoVH$è`m§À`m{hVmMo Zmd ¿`mdo, g‘mOdmXmMm O`Kmof H$amdm Am{U Amnë`m Vw§~S>çm^ê$Z ¿`mì`m Agm hm H$m`©H«$‘ dfm©Zwdf©o Mmbbm! eoVH$è`m§Zr EH$m{YH$mambm{damoY Ho$bm. Amnbm ‘mb BVa amÁ`m§V ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda Zobm. gahÔrdadmhVwH$sMr ~§Xr hmoVr ho Iao; nU nmo{cgm§Mo hmV Amobo Ho$bo H$s H$mngmMmQ´>H$, Q´>°ŠQ>a, ~¡bJmS>r Iwemb nwT>o OmD$ eHo$. ‘hÎdmÀ`m ZmŠ`mdarb nmo{bgA{YH$mè`mÀ`m Zo‘UwH$sMm XaM bjmdYr én`m§da Jobm. ZmoH$aXma, {JaUr‘mbH$, hmV‘mJdmbo `m§À`m~amo~a bmMImD$ nmo{cg A{YH$mè`m§Vhr hr`moOZm bmoH${à` Pmbr.

amÁ`H$Ë`m© njm§Mo ho MaÊ`mMo AmdS>Vo Hw$aU Pmbo. `moOZo‘wio njH$m`©H$Ë`mªZm e§âoH$ H$moQ>r énò nMdÊ`mMr VaVyX Pmbr. ^maVr` OZVmnmQ>u {damoYmV AgVmZm EH$m{YH$mamÀ`m {déÕ ~mobo. emgZmV Amë`mdaË`m§Mo gmh{OH$M ‘Vn[adV©Z Pmbo. EH${YH$ma `moOZm eoVH$è`m§À`m {hVmMrAgë`mMm gmjmËH$ma Ë`m§Zm Pmbm. H|$Ð emgZmZo `moOZm aÔ Ho$ë`mMo OmhraHo$ë`mZ§Vahr IaoXr Mmby R>odÊ`mMr KmofUm g§~§{YV ‘§Í`m§Zr Ho$br Amho.WmoS>çmM {Xdgm§V EH$m{YH$mamMo ZmoH$adJ© Am§XmobZmg gwédmV H$aVrb.amÁ`mV H$m±J«og emgZ AgVo Va H$Xm{MV² AmUIr EH$ df© `moOZobmOrdZXmZ {‘imbo AgVo. {damoYr `wVrÀ`m emgZmda Aer ‘oha~mZr H$aÊ`mMo


‘mbH$m§‘m’©$V Xadfu H$mngmMo nrH$ ~wS>ë`mMr, nrH$ Anwao Agë`mMrAmdB© CR>dbr, {Z`m©Vrda OdiOdi H$m`‘ ~§Xr R>odbr. Oam H$mhr eoVH$è`m§Zm~am ^md {‘iob Ago {Xgbo H$s, ~mhoê$Z H$mngmMr Am`mV H$aÊ`mMrVËnaVoZo ì`dñWm H$ê$Z eoVH$è`m§À`m Vm|S>Mm Kmg nidbm. ho gJioH$aVmZm {JaUr ‘mbH$m§À`m `m godH$m§Zr AmnU hmV‘mJYmaH$m§Mo Am{U{dUH$am§Mo {hVajU H$aVmo AmhmoV Agm Amd AmUbm. hmV‘mJYmaH$m§MrEHy$U gJir JaOM ‘wir 4 bmI JmR>r§Mr. Ë`m§Zm H$mnyg ñdñV {‘imdm`mH$[aVm {H$VrVar A{YH$ gwQ>gwQ>rV Am{U gmonr ì`dñWm H$aVm AmbrAgVr; nU {dUH$am§Mr 4 cmI JmR>r éB© ñdñV ìhmdr åhUyZ 100 bmIJmR>tMm ~mOma emgZmZo dfm©Zwdf} CX²ÜdñV Ho$bm. OI‘m§‘YyZ dmhUmao aº$Wm§~mdo åhUyZ H$mnyg bmdbm OmVmo. nU eoVrÀ`m H$mngmVyZ dfm©Zwdf} aº$dmhV am{hbo Amho.

‘amR>r H$mngmMr H$éU H$hmUr‘hmamï´> H$mnyg {nH$dUmè`m amÁ`m§Vrb EH$ ‘hÎdmMo amÁ`. XoemVrb

EHy$U CËnmXZmn¡H$s 20 Q>ŠHo$ H$mnyg ‘hmamï´>mV AmOhr {nH$Vmo. n§Om~,‘hmamamï´>mV OgOer Am{U OoWo nmÊ`mMr gmo` hmoV Joobr VgVer VoWo VoWoH$mngmMr nrN>ohmQ> Pmbr Am{U eoVH$ar Xwgè`m {nH$m§H$So> dibo. {dX^©Am{U ‘amR>dmS>m àXoemV OoWo H$mhr n`m©` eoVH$è`m§nwT>o ZìhVm VoWo H$mngmMoCËnmXZ AmOhr Mmby Amho. `m àXoemVrb H$mngmMr ~hþVoH$ eoVr H$moaS>dmhÿ.Ë`m‘wio gd©gmYmaUnUo Xa EH$ar òUmao nrH$ EH$ q¹$Q>b H$mngmMo. h[a`mUm,n§Om~ òWrb ~mJm`Vr H$mngmMo nrH$ gamgarZoXoIrb 5 q¹$Q>bÀ`m da;AmR>-Xhm q¹$Q>b H$mnyg Xa EH$ar KoUmao eoVH$ar Jm§dmoJmdr gmnS>VmV.

‘hmamï´>mVë`m H$mnyg eoVH$è`m§À`m g‘ñ`m gmoS>dÊ`mgmR>r g‘mOdmXmÀ`mMbVrÀ`m H$mimV EH$m{YH$ma IaoXr ì`dñWm gwê$ H$aÊ`mV Ambr. ZmdghH$mamMo. Aer hr gJir ì`dñWm. H$mngmÀ`m IaoXrMm h§Jm‘ Mma‘{hÝ`m§Mm EH$m{YH$mamMm ZmoH$adJ© df©âmMm Am{U H$m`‘. Á`m Ë`m nwT>mè`mbmIwe H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`mÀ`m ‘mUgm§Zm ZmoH$arV âVr H$aUo An[ahm`©. EH$XmA{YH$mar bmoH$ Zo‘bo H$s Ë`m§Mo nJma Ambo, àdmg Ambo, ^Îmo Ambo,‘oOdmÝ`m Amë`m, JmS>çm Amë`m, n§MVmam§{H$V hm°Q>obmVrb Amoë`m nmQ>çm©Amë`m; nwT>mè`m§Mo {Z`§ÌU åhUOo nwT>mè`m§À`m ^wH$m Amë`m, Ë`m§Mo Q>o{c’$moZAmbo, àdmg Ambm, H${‘eZ Ambo, gJio H$mhr Ambo.

Mm¡Vrg

JwÝhoJma gaH$ma, Jw§S> nmo{cg

‘hmamï´>mVrb H$mnyg eoVH$ar Amnë`m ‘mbmbm ^md {‘imdm åhUyZ{H$ËòH$ df} PJS>V Amho. dfm©Zwdf} Vmo gaH$maer bT>V hmoVm. Jmoè`mB§J«Om§À`m gÎmoer. H$mù`m B§J«Om§À`m gaH$maer, {JaUr ‘mbH$m§er, nwT>mè`m§er.AmVm ~Xb EdT>mM H$s H$mnyg eoVH$è`m§Mm g§Kf© AmVm JwÝhoJmam§er Am{UJw§S>m§er hmoV Amho.

H$mngmVyZ dmhUmao aº$Vgo gJù`mM eoVr‘mbmMo emofU hmoVo; nU H$mngmMo emofU {deof

H«y$a. ‘Zwî`mÀ`m nmoQ>mMr gmo` bmJbr H$s Ë`mZ§VaMr Ë`mMr gdm©V ‘moR>rJaO A§Jâ dómMr. gmh{OH$M n{hbr H$maImZXmar C^r am{hbr Vr H$mnS>{JaÊ`m§Mr Am{U gmdmªV OmñV emofU Pmco Vo H$mngmÀ`m {nH$mMo Am{UH$mnyg {nH$dUmè`m eoVH$è`mMo.

B§J«Om§À`m {h§XwñWmZdarb gm‘«mÁ`mMo ‘yi C{Ôï> H$mngmÀ`m emofUmMohmoVo. Jm§YrOr§Zr Ë`m{déÕ bT>m C^m Ho$bm Vmo Ma»`mMr {ZemUr KoD$ZAm{U ImXrMm H$m`©H«$‘ KoD$Z. `m EH$mM Jmoï>rV gJio H$mngmMo amOH$maUAm{U VÎdkmZ gm‘mdbobo Amho.

Jmoam B§J«O Jobm nU Ë`mOmJr H$mim B§J«O Ambm, eoVH$è`m§Mo emofUMmbyM am{hbo. `mMm gJù`mV ‘moR>m nwamdm AmVm AJXr AmH$So>dmarZoCnbãY Amho. 1986 Vo 89 `m H$mimV gaH$maZo gJù`m eoVH$è`m§Zm{H$‘mZ 47 Q>ŠŠ`mMr CbQ>r nÅ>r {Xbr. H$mnyg eoVH$è`mMr CbQ>r nÅ>r Va206 Q>ŠŠ`mMr. åhUOo ‘mb {dHy$Z eoVH$è`mbm 100 énò {‘imboAgVrb Va àË`jmV Ë`mbm 306 énò {‘im`bm nm{hOo hmoVo.

H$mngmMm ^md ~wS>dÊ`mgmR>r gaH$maZo H$m` H$m` Ho$bo Zmhr? {JaUr


ì`dñWm, {VMo n[adV©Z, g‘mOdmX, {Z`moOZ, Iwbr ì`dñWm Agë`m empãXH$OS>O§~mbm‘wio Jm|YiyZ OmUmè`m eoVH$è`m§Zm Amnë`m Km‘mMo Xm‘ {‘imbonm{hOo hr Jmoï> ghO g‘Obr Am{U Vo bT>çmV CVabo.

Zohê$dmXr ì`dñWm Am{U eoVr‘mbmbm amñV ^md `m§Mo ZmVo gmn-‘w§JgmMo Amho. eoVr‘mbmbm amñV ^md {Xbm Va g‘mOdmXr Vm|S>dù`mMrH$moUVrhr ì`dñWm EH$ {Xdghr OJy eH$V Zmhr ho hiyhiy eoVH$è`m§Zm ñnï>hmoVo Jobo. H$maImZXmam§Zm Vo n{hë`mnmgyZ ‘mhrV hmoVo. nwT>mè`m§ZmM H$m` VoeoVH$è`m§À`m ‘mJUrVrb JyT> B§{JV C‘Jbo ZìhVo.

Iwë`m ì`dñWoVhr H$mngmMr {dQ>§~ZmHw$Umbm g‘Omo Zm g‘Omo, A½Zr Amnbo OmiÊ`mMo H$m‘ Ho$ë`mIoarO

amhV Zmhr. eoVH$ar Am§XmobZmZo Zohê$ì`dñWoMm nm`mM CIS>bm. Vrì`dñWm g§nwï>mV Ambr. Iwë`m ì`dñWoMo JwUJmZ Mmby Pmbo. gd© h`mVâZohéì`dñWoMr hþOao{Jar H$aUmao S>m°. ‘Z‘mohZ qgJ EH$m {XdgmV Iwë`mì`dñWoMo ^rî‘mMm`© R>abo. gaH$mar ghH$ma Am{U g‘mOdmX `m§À`m JwT>çmdfm©Zwdf} dm{hboboo eaX ndma Iwë`m ì`dñWoMo gdm©V ‘moR>o g‘W©H$ AmnUMAmhmoV Aer eoIr {‘ady bmJbo. Zohê$ì`dñWonojmgwÕm Iwë`m ì`dñWoV^yI§S>mÀ`m A’$amV’$arV Amnë`m pIemV A{YH$ n¡go nS>mdo Aem V`marbmAZoH$ nwT>mar bmJboV.

Iwë`m ì`dñWoMo JwUJmZ Vm|S>r, nU eoVH$è`m§gmR>r ‘mÌ H$mngmMrEH$m{YH$ma ì`dñWmM Mmby. S§>Ho$b àñVmdmda ghr, nU àË`jmV H$mnyg{Z`m©Vrda ~oJw‘mZ ~§Xr, Agbo AW©H$maU gwê$ Pmbo. 1993 -94 Mo df©åhUOo ‘hmamï´>mVrb H$mnyg CËnmXH$ eoVH$è`m§darb AÝ`m`mMm H$ig.XoemVrb H$mngmMo EHy$U CËnmXZ ’$mago Mm§Jbo Zmhr; nU ‘hmamï´>mV ‘mÌ`§Xm H$mngmMo âKmog nrH$ Ambo. OoWo EH$ q¹$Q>b H$mnyg `m`Mm Zmhr, VoWoMmanmM q¹$Q>bn`ªV nrH$ Amco. h§Jm‘mÀ`m gwédmVrnmgyZ Xoeâ ^md MT>oam{hbo. 1400 énò q¹$Q>b åhUVm åhUVm Joë`m AmR>dS>çmV EM-4H$mngmMo ^md 2000 énò à{V q¹$Q>bn`ªV H$S>mS>bo. AZoH$ dfmªMo H$Om©MoAmoPo CVaÊ`mMr Amem eoVH$è`m§À`m ‘Zm§V nmbdbr hmoVr.

H$mngmÀ`m CËnmXZmMm Vmio~§X nm{hbm Va `§Xm 10 Vo 20 bmI JmR>rH$mngmMr {Z`m©V H$aVm òB©b Aer Anojm hmoVr. gaH$mar {h‘Q>onUmZo 5bmI JmR>tÀ`m {Z`m©VrMm H$moQ>m gwQ>bm. AOyZ {ZXmZ 5 bmI JmR>tÀ`m

EH$m{YH$mamMr WmoS>Š`mV AdñWm H$m`? H$mnygIaoXrÀ`m ì`dñWoMmIM© dmao‘mn. éB© H$mT>Ê`mV ZmgYyg A’$mQ> Am{U XoerVrb 20 Q>ŠHo$H$mngmda {Z`§ÌU AgyZXoIrb éB©Mm gJù`mV nS>Vm ^md {‘iUma VmoEH$m{YH$mambm. A{YH$mè`m§À`m Am{U nwT>mè`m§À`m ~moQ>mV {hè`m§À`m A§JR>çmAm{U H$mnyg eoVH$ar‘mÌ {dOoMo {~b âVm òV Zmhr åhUyZ {df ImD$ZOrd XoÊ`mÀ`m g§H$Q>mV. EH$m{YH$mamZo ’$m`Xm Pmbm Vmo ‘w§~B©À`m {JaUr‘mbH$m§Mm. H$mngmÀ`m mdmVrb MT>CVmardaM Ë`m§Mm gJim ’$m`Xm Adb§~yZ.

nydu 3 Vo 6 ‘{hÝ`m§Mm H$mnyg {JaUr‘mbH$ IaoXr H$ê$Z R>odV, {ZXmZdm`Xo ~mOmamV hŠH$ amIyZ R>odV. H$ƒm ‘mbmÀ`m gmR>dUwH$sÀ`m IMm©Mmgmam Am{W©H$ ~moOm EH$m{YH$ma ì`dñWo‘wio {JaUr ‘mbH$m§À`m Im§Úmdê$ZCRy>Z H$mnyg eoVH$è`m§À`m Camda oD$Z nS>bm. {JaUr ‘mbH$m§À`m gmo`rgmo`rZoXa AmR> {Xdgm§Zr {bbmd H$ê$Z éB© {dH$Ê`mMr nÕV EH$m{YH$mamZo gwê$Ho$br Am{U {JaUr ‘mbH$m§Mo Zer~ ’$i’$ibo.

EH$m{YH$mamÀ`m OZH$m§À`m ‘ZmV, AmOn`ªV Vr ì`dñWm MmbdUmè`m§À`m‘ZmV hoVy g‘mOdmXr ì`dñWoMm hmoVm H$s H$m‘Jmam§À`m H$ë`mUmMm hmoVmH$go gm§Jmdo! H$moUmÀ`m ‘ZmVbo H$go H$m` AmoiIVm oB©b? nU EH$m{YH$mamMmn[aUm‘ {JaUr ‘mbH$mMo ^bo, ZmoH$aXmam§Mo H$ë`mU Am{U eoVH$è`m§ModmQ>moio hm Pmbm `mV H$U‘mÌ e§H$m Zmhr.

eoVH$è`m§Mm bT>mg‘mOdmXmMm Am{U {Z`moOZmMm ~mob~mbm Agboë`m Zohê$ H$mbI§S>mV

eoVH$è`m§Zr gaH$maÀ`m Owb‘m{déÕ bT>m {Xbm. ì`dñWm Am{U n[adV©Z`m§Mo àíZ {Z‘m©U Z H$aVm eoVH$è`m§Zr EH$ gmYr gmonr ‘mJUr Ho$br.ì`dñWm ghH$mamMr Agmo, ì`mnmè`mMr Agmo, na‘oœamMr Agmo g¡VmZmMrAgmo; Am‘À`m ‘mbmbm CËnmXZ IM©mda AmYm[aV ^md {‘iUo ho ‘hÎdmMoAmho. ~mOma Iwbm AgVm, eoVH$è`m§Zm CbQ>r nÅ>r {‘iÊ`mMr H$So>H$moQ>ì`dñWm gaH$maZo Ho$br ZgVr Va eoVH$è`m§Zm gamgarZo {‘iUmam ^mdCËnmXZ IMm©BVH$m AgVm, VodT>m Amåhmbm {‘iy Úm Aer hr gmYr ‘mJUr.`m ‘mJUrZo doJir ê$no KoVbr. ‘hmamï´>mVrb h‘r ^md XoeâÀ`m AmYma^yV{H$_Vrnojm {ZXmZ 20 Q>ŠHo$ OmñV Agbm nm{hOo, ^m§S>dbr IM© {ZYr,{H§$‘V MT>CVma {ZYr Aem Jm|S>g gd~rImbr hmoUmè`m H$nmVr ~§X Pmë`mnm{hOoV. Aem ^y[‘H$m§VyZ H$mnyg eoVH$è`m§Zr gVV àXrK© bT>o {Xbo.


XmIb Ho$bm Amho. `m Xmì`m‘wi| gdm©{YH$ ZwH$gmZ ‘hmamï´>mVrb EH$m{YH$maì`dñWoMo hmoUma Amho. `wamon Am{U OnmZ‘Yrb H$mnyg ì`mnmè`m§À`mà{V{ZYtMr EH$ ~¡R>H$ `m àíZmMr MMm© H$aÊ`mH$[aVm âUma Amho. Ë`m§MoEH$ à{V{ZYr ‘§S>i Xoembm ôQ> XoÊ`mH$[aVm òÊ`mMrhr eŠ`Vm Amho.{O{Zìhm òWrb H$mnyg ì`mnmar g§KQ>ZoZo AÜæmj lr. A°bQ>© Johaob `m§ZrdómoÚmoJ ‘§Ìmb`mbm Amnbr ZmamOr AmYrM H$idbobr Amho. Aem{ZU©`m‘wio maVmMr {dœgZr`Vm g§nwï>mV oB©b Aer OmUrd Ë`m§Mr dómoÚmoJ‘§Ìmb`mbm {Xbr Amho.

WmoS>Š`mV, ‘hmamï´>mVrb H$mngmMm EH$m{YH$ma åhUOo Iwë`m ì`dñWoMoJwUJmZ H$aÊ`mè`m H|$Ð emgZmMr eoVH$ar{damoYr IwZer H$madmB© Amho, VaH$mngmÀ`m {Z`m©Vrdarb ~§Xr ho gai gai Am§Vaamï´>r` JwÝhoJmarMo H¥$ËÀmho.

`m gaH$mar JwÝhoJmar{déÕ {dX^m©Vrb eoVH$ar {ZYm©amZo CR>bm Amho.gaH$mar H$mngmMr IaoXr Iwembm Mmby Úm. Ë`mV EH$m{YH$mamMr ‘ºo$XmarZH$mo, Amåhr Am‘Mm eoVr‘mb Am‘À`m ‘Oun«‘mUo {dHy$ Aem KmofUm XoD$ZH$mnyg eoOmaÀ`m amÁ`mV KoD$Z OmV Amho.

nmo{bg- JUdofmVrb Jw§S>JwÝhoJmar emgZmÀ`m {déÕÀ`m m Am§XmobZmZo nmo{bgm§Mo S>moHo$ S>H$Ê`mMo

H$m` H$maU? eoVH$ar H$mhr Mmoar‘mar H$aV ZmhrV. XoemVë`m XoemV EH$mamÁ`mV ‘mb {dH$Ê`mEodOr Mm§Jbm ^md {‘imdm åhUyZ ghaÔ Amobm§Sy>ZeoOmaÀ`m amÁ`mV H$mnyg {dH$VmV `mV Ago ^`mZH$ H¥$Ë` H$m` Amho?

‘w§~B©‘Yrb ~m±~ñ’$moQ>m§gmR>r H$moH$UnÅ>rV Xmê$Jmoim CVadÊ`mV Ambm.Ë`m Xmê$Jmoù`mMr dmhVyH$ gwa{úmV ìhmdr `mMm MmoI ~§Xmo~ñV H$aUmaonmo{bg A{YH$mar, ‘w§~B©Vrb XmXm§H$Sy>Z {Z`{‘V _{cXm KoD$Z Ë`m§À`mgJù`m ^`mZH$ JwÝhoJmar Am{U XoeÐmohr H¥$Ë`m§da nm§Kê$U KmbUmao nmo{bgA{YH$mar, H$mnyg `m amÁ`mVyZ Ë`m amÁ`mV Jobm. Va ‘mWo{’$ê$gmaIo H$mdmJVmV? à{V{ð>V, gm‘mÝ` ZmJ[aH$m§da {H$aH$moi MmoarMm Amamon KmbyZË`m§Zm X§S>~oS>çm KmbyZ {’$adVmV. EdT>o nmo{bg ~oVmb H$m hmoVmV? AH$moë`mVH$mngmMm ~mOma âdbm Va {enm`m§À`m VwH$S>çm§Mm Vm’$mMm Vm’$m CVadyZeoVH$ar H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm OmJmoOmJ AQ>H$ H$aVmV, Am§XmobZmVrb H$m`©H$Ë`m©ZmIwboAm‘ bmWm~wŠŠ`m§Zr VwS>dVmV, H$mnyg naamÁ`mV KoD$Z OmUmè`m

{Z`m©VrMr nadmZJr {‘iob Aer Anojm hmoVr; nU àË`jmV KS>bo CbQ>o.Mm§Jbm ^md {‘ion`ªV eoVH$è`mZo ‘mb amIyZ R>odÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$amdm`mV J¡a Vo H$m` Amho? nU `mbmM gaH$ma "gmR>o~mOr' åhUVo. gmR>o~mOr‘wioH$mngmMo ^md ^S>H$V AmhoV Agm H$m§Jmdm H$aVo. {dUH$am§À`m ZmdmZ§S>moi`m§VyZ ZH«$mly dmhdVo Am{U gmR>o~mO eoVH$è`m§Zm YS>m {eH$dÊ`mH$[aVmgaH$ma gmar Ý`m`~wÕr gX²gX²{ddoH$ Am§Vaamï´>r` H$m`XoH$mZyZ PwJmê$Z bmdVo.

gaH$maM JwÝhoJmagaH$maZo H$mngmÀ`m {Z`m©Vrda VmVS>rZo ~§Xr KmVbr, Omhra Ho$boë`m 5

bmI JmR>tÀ`m H$moQ>çm§n¡H$s 1 bmI 20 hOma JmR>rMo H$ama AOyZ ìhm`MohmoVo; Aem JmR>tMm H$moQ>m aÔ H$aÊ`mV Ambm. EdT>çmda gaH$ma Wm§~boZmhr. Amnbr {dH«$mi ZIo Ë`mZo MmaM {XdgmV ~mhoa H$mT>br. 1 bmI 50hOma JmR>tMo {Z`m©VrMo H$ama Pmbobo hmoVo; nU ‘mb AOyZ OhmOmda MT>cmZìhVm, `m JmR>tMmhr {Z`m©V nadmZm aÔ Pmë`mMo gaH$maZo Omhra Ho$bo.EdT>oM Zìho Va, Mm§Jë`m {nH$mÀ`m `m dfu 5 bmI JmR>r Am`mV H$aÊ`mMrV`mar Mmbdbr.

AW©H$maU gmoS>m, Ý`m`-AÝ`m` gmoS>m, gaH$maMr hr H¥$Vr ~oH$m`XoeraAmho. EdT>oM Zìho Va JwÝhoJmar Amho. S§>Ho$b H$amamVrb VaVwXtà‘mUogaH$mabm Aer {Z`m©V~§Xr H$aVm òV Zmhr, J°Q> g§KQ>ZoVrb A{YH$mè`m§er`m {df`mda g§nH©$ gmYbm. {Z`m©V~§Xr hr J°Q> H$amamMm ^§J H$aUmar Amhoho Ë`m§Zr ‘mÝ` Ho$bo; nU Ë`m~ÔbMr VH«$ma eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo qH$dm BVaXwgè`m H$moUË`mhr ImOJr g§KQ>ZoZo qH$dm ì`º$s¨Zr H$ê$Z MmbUma Zmhr. J°Q>H$amamda gøm H$aUmè`m Xoem§n¡H$s H$moÊ`m EH$m XoemÀ`m emgZmZo {h§XwñWmZgaH$ma{déÕ VH«$ma Zmo§Xdbr nm{hOo. Aer VH«$ma Zmo§Xdbr Jobr Va J°Q>Amdí`H$ Vr H$madmB© H$aob, Ago gm§JÊ`mV Ambo. H$mngmMr {Z`m©V~§Xrhr J°Q> H$amamÀ`m 19 ì`m H$b‘mAÝdò ~oH$m`Xoera Amho ho ñnï> Amho; nUAOyZ `mo½` Vmo FIR XmIb Pmbm Zmhr åhUyZ gaH$maÀ`m hmVr ~oS>çmnS>boë`m ZmhrV; nU J°Q> H$amamÀ`m ^§Jm~Ôb gaH$mada H$madmB© hmoÊ`m~ÔbVm§{ÌH$ ÌwQ>r AmhoV, åhUyZ H$mhr gaH$ma AJXr ‘mH$ioo gwQ>Uma Amho AgoZmhr. H$mngmÀ`m ì`dhmamVrb H$mhr wamonr` Am{U OnmZr H§$nÝ`m§§Zr gaH$maÀ`m`m {Z`m©V~§Xr‘wio {h§XwñWmZMo Zmd "H$mù`m `mXrV' KmbÊ`mMr Y‘H$s{Xbr Amho. EdT>oM Zìho Va, ZwH$gmZânmB©XmIb 40 H$moQ>r én`m§Mm Xmdm


nñVrg

XÿY : ghH$ma {déÕ eoVH$ar

Amnë`m ‘mbmbm {JèhmB©H$ {‘iy Zò åhUy H$moUr CËnmXH$ H$arbH$m`? CKS> CKS> AeŠ` dmQ>Umar hr Jmoï> àË`jmV hmoV Amho.

ghH$mamMm ImOJrH$aUmg {damoYH$mhr {Xdgm§nydu H$èhmS> òWo n{ü‘ ‘hmamï´>mVrb XyY ghH$mar

gmogm`Q>çm§À`m nwT>mè`m§Mr ~¡R>H$ Pmbr. Ë`m§Zr ‘hÎdmMm R>amd Ho$bm Vmo hmH$s gaH$maZo H$moUË`mhr n[apñWVrV ImOJr ì`dgm`mbm XwYmÀ`m joÌmVCVê$ XoD$ Zò. ^bo XwYmMr ‘mJUr H$‘r am{hbr Var Mmbob; nU XwYmMmgJim H$ma^ma ghH$mar g§ñWm§À`m hmVrM am{hbm nm{hOo.

{Xëbr òWo âboë`m ApIb ^maVr` ghH$mar XyY g§ñWm§À`m g§KQ>ZoÀ`mEH$m ~¡R>H$sZo `mnwT>o OmD$Z, ImOJr H§$nÝ`m§Zm XwYmÀ`m joÌmV àdoe {Xë`mg‘moR>o Am§XmobZ Cô H$aÊ`mMr KmofUm Ho$br Amho.

ghH$mamMm eoVH$ar{damoYXwYmbm ^md {‘imdm åhUyZ eoVH$è`m§Zr Ooìhm Ooìhm Am§XmobZ Ho$bo

Voìhm Voìhm Vo Am§XmobZ `m ghH$mar g§ñWm§Zr hmUyZ nmS>m`Mm à`ËZ Ho$bm.{JèhmB©H$m§Mo, {deofV … bhmZ ~mimMo, J^©dVr {ó`m§Mo XyY VwQ>Vm H$m‘mZò Agm H$m§Jmdm eoVH$è`m§À`m Am§XmobZmÀ`m doir H$aÊmmar hr ‘§S>irXwYmÀ`m joÌmV ImOJr ì`dgm`mMo nXmn©U hmoD$Z eoVH$è`m§Zm XmoZ n¡goOmñV {‘iVrb Ago {XgVmM ~mbH$m§Mo Am{U Ë`m§À`m Am`mMo XyY VmoS>m`bmV`ma Pmbr AmhoV.

ho gJio H$m` Jm¡S>~§Jmb Amho?H|$Ð emgZmVrc M_ËH$maXwYmg§~§Yr H|$Ð emgZmZo "OrdZmdí`H$ dñVy H$m`Úm' Imbr EH$ ZdrZ

JmS>çm§da ImOJr Jmoir~ma H$aVmV, nmo{bg A{YH$mè`m§Mo S>moHo$ {R>H$mUmdaH$m Zmhr? ‘w»`‘§Í`m§n`©V hßVo nmohmoMdyZ Ë`m§Zr gahÔrdaMr OmJm {‘idbrAgochr, AmVm àËòH$ H$mngmÀ`m JmS>r‘mJo hOmamo énò Jmoim H$ê$ZJ§S>J§O n¡gm O‘m H$aÊ`mMr ñdßZo Ë`m§Zr nm{hbobr AgVrb; nU Vr ñdßZoH$moR>oVar XwImdVmV åhUyZ eoVH$è`m§da hmVmnm`r Am{U Jmoir~ma H$aÊ`mMrqh‘V Ë`m§Zm hmoVoM H$er?

JwÝhoJma gaH$ma Am{U Ë`§mÀ`m ~oH$m`Xoema H¥$VtMr A§‘b~OmdUr H$aUmaoJw§S> nmo{bg, AmnU JUdofmV AmhmoV Vmon`ªV Amnë`mbm H$mhr YmñVr ZmhrAem WmQ>m§V {‘adV AmhoV. H$mnyg eoVH$ar åhUOo gdm©V emo{fV eoVH$ar,eoVH$è`mÀ`m emofUm{déÕÀ`m bT>çmVë`m eodQ>À`m MaUmV Ë`mÀ`mda EH$O~m~Xmar oD$Z nS>br Amho. H$mnyg eoVH$è`m§Zm bwQ>Uo Am§Vaamï´>r` H$amam§À`m{déÕ Amho; nU Vo H$m`Xo Ymã`mda R>odyZ gaH$ma eoVH$è`m§{déÕ CR>boAmho. gaH$mar Jw§ÝhoJmarMm nmR>nwamdm H$aÊ`mgmR>r gagmdbo AmhoV. nmo{bgrJw§S> JUdofmV Ambo Var nmo{bg hmoV ZmhrV. JUdoe KmbUmao Mmoa Jw§S>MamhVmV ho H$mnyg eoVH$è`m§Zr H¥$VrZo XmIdyZ XoUo Oê$a Amho.

(eoVH$ar g§KQ>H$, 21 ’o$~«wdmar 1994)


‘hmnya `moOZoMm XwYCËnmXZmda H$mhr {deof n[aUm‘ Pmbm Zmhr. CbQ>,naXoemVrb ~mOmamV CVaë`m‘wio XwYmMr {H§$_V H$‘r am{hbr Am{U XyYCËnmXZH$aUo eoVH$è`m§Zm nadSo>Zmgo Pmbo. XwYmÀ`m CËnmXZmV àM§S> Pon KoVbr VrJwOamVZo Zìho, ‘hmamï´>mZo. gwnrH$ JwOamVnojm XJS>m§Mm ‘hmamï´>> XoeXyYCËnmXZmV nwT>o Jobm. `mMo H$maU ‘hmamï´>mV eoVH$ar Am§XmobZm‘wio XwYmbmOmñV AmH$f©H$ {H$‘Vr {‘iy bmJë`m.

hiyhiy XyYnwadR>ç>mMr n[apñWVr gwYmaV Jobr. åhUOo ^maVr`m§Mo XaS>moB©XwYmÀ`m dmnamMo à‘mU H$mhr ’$ma Mm§Jbo Amho Ago Zmhr; nU XyY {dH$VKoÊ`mgmR>r Á`m§À`mH$So> H«$èº$s Amho Ë`m§Zm n¡gm AgyZ XyY {‘iV ZmhrAer n[apñWVr am{hbr Zmhr.

1973 Vo 1986 `m H$mimV XwYmMo CËnmXZ, g§H$bZ gd© XoemV {‘iyZàVrdfu gamgar ghm Q>ŠŠ`m§Zr dmT>bo. ‘hmamï´>mVbr dmT>rMr hr JVrà{Vdfu Xhm Q>ŠHo$ hmoVr, Va XyY ‘hmnya moOZoÀ`m AÈ>çmV åhUOo JwOamV_Üòhr JVr gdm©V H$_r åhUOo Ho$di gmSo>Mma Q>ŠHo$ hmoVr. XyY ‘hmnya `moOZmAm{U ghH$mar g§ñWm XyY CËnmXZmVrb dmT>rMo lo` bmQy> nmhmV AmhoV.dñVwpñWVr Aer Amho H$s XyYXËnmXZ IMdë`mMo nmn Ë`m§À`m ‘mWr Amho.

XwYmMm AmoK ehamH$So>XyY ho H$ï>mÀ`m earambm, dmT>>Ë`m d`mV qH$dm nmofUmMr JaO Agboë`m§Zm

CËH¥$ï> AÞ Amho. `m CbQ>, Á`m§Mo OrdZ‘mZ C§Mmdbobo Amho Ë`m§Mr XwYmMrAmdí`H$Vm H$‘r hmoV OmVo. XyY ‘hmnya `moOZoMm n[aUm‘ Agm Pmbm H$sÁ`m§Zm XwYmMr Iar JaO hmoVr Vo XmoZ n¡go {‘iVrb `m AmeoZo H$‘r JaOAgboë`m§H$So> XyY nmR>dy bmJbo. J«m‘rU ^mJmV XyY ‘hmnya `moOZoZo Zù`mIwngyZ VoWrb AÞmVrb gdm©V nmofH$ A§e H$mTy>Z ZoÊ`mMr ì`dñWm Ho$br.S>m°. Hw$[a`Z ñnï>nUoM åhUmbo ""XyY åhUOo ‘hmJ à{WZo AmhoV. eoVH$è`m§ZrVr eham§V nmR>>dmdr Am{U ñdV:Mr à{WZm§Mr JaO S>mir§Zr ^mJdmdr.''

à{H«$òMr MT>Vr H$‘mZXwYmMm ‘w~bH$Vo~amo~a EH$ Zdr ~Xb KSy>Z Ambm. OmJmoOmJ XwYmda

à{H«$`m H$ê$Z Ë`mMo AmH$f©H$, AmYw{ZH$ ImÚnXmW© ~ZdyZ ehamVrb n{ü‘rT>§JmÀ`m J«mhH$m§Zm Vo nwa{dÊ`mMm ì`dgm` gwê$ Pmbm. Idm, Iì`mMr{‘R>mB©, nZra, MrO Aem nmàr nmàrZo OmVm OmVm AmB©ñH«$s‘, lrI§S,>Mm°H$boQ> BË`mXr nXmWmªZr ~mOma JO~Oy bmJbo. {Xëbrgma»`m ehamV

dQ>hþHy$_ H$mT>bm Amho. `m dQ>hþHw$‘mMm Vnerb gmoS>ë`mg ‘w»` hoVyImOJr joÌmVrb ^m§S>db XwYmdarb à{H«$òÀ`m ì`dgm`mV CVê$ Z XoUoAgm Amho. `m dQ>hþHw$‘m{déÕ gwàr‘ H$moQ>m©V EH$ AO© XmIb H$aÊ`mVAmbm Amho. Ahmo Amü`©‘! H|$Ðr` eoVH$s ‘§Ìmb`mZo `m àH$aUr dQ>hþHw$‘mMog‘W©Z Ho$bo Amho… `mCbQ> AÞ à{H«$`m ‘§Ìmb`mZo {damoYr ^y{‘H$m KoVbrAmho. åhUOo, H$moQ>m©g‘moarb EH$m Xmì`mV H|$Ð emgZmMr XmoZ _§ÌmcòEH$‘oH$m§{déÕ R>mH$br AmhoV.

hmhr H$m` M‘ËH$ma Amho?`wamonmVrb Caë`mgwaë`mda ^maVmV ‘hmnya86 H$moQ>r bmoH$dñVrÀ`m `m XoemV XwYmMo EHy$U CËnmXZ 5 H$moQ>r Q>Z

Amho. `mn¡H$s ’$º$ 75 bmI Q>Z ì`mnmamV CVaVo. ImOJr joÌmMm dmQ>m 15bmI Q>Zm§Mm Am{U Caboë`mn¡H$s 25 bmI Q>Z S>m°. Hw$[a`Z `m§À`m (NDDB)Vmã`mV Amho.

ñdmV§Í`mZ§VaÀ`m H$mimV eham§Mr dmT> PnmQ>çmZo hmoD$ bmJbr Am{UVoWrb dmT>Ë`m bmoH$g§»òbm XwYmMm nwadR>m H$gm H$am`Mm hr ‘moR>r g‘ñ`mV`ma Pmbr. XmoZ Mma OmJr "Amao H$m°bZr' `m YVuda XþYmMo CËnmXZ ñdV…MH$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ gaH$maZo Ho$bm nU Ë`m§Mm ’${OVdmS>m Pmbm. S>m°. Hw$[a`Z`m§À`m àemgZmImbrb AmU§X òWrb XwYmÀ`m So>AarMo XyY g§H$bZ Am{U{dVaU `m§Mo H$m‘ EH$m nVàYmZ§mZm ng§V nS>bo Am{U Ë`mM nÕVrdaXoeâÀ`m eham§Zm XyYnwadR>m H$aÊ`mgmR>r ì`dñWm H$aÊ`mMm gaH$mar {ZU©`Pmbm. eoVH$è`m§À`m XwYmbm ZdrZ ~mOmanoR> {‘idyZ XoÊ`mMr KmofUmPmbr. Ë`mH$[aVm g§H$bZmMr `§ÌUm, erVH$aU, {ZOªVwH$sH$aU Am{U dmhVyH$ì`dñWm `mH$[aVm àM§S> ^m§S>dbmMr JaO hmoVr. ho ^m§S>db Cô H$aÊ`mH$[aVm`wamonmVrb Xoem§H$Sy>Z àM§S> à‘mUmda XwYmMr ^wH$Q>r AmpÊm H$ƒo Vyn `m§À`mXoU½`m {‘i{dÊ`mV Amë`m. m XoÊm½`m§Mm dmna " Q>moÊS>' XyY ~Z{dÊ`mH$[aVmPmbm, VgmM ~mOmamV {dH«$s H$aÊ`mgmR>rhr Pmbm. `m VèhoZo {‘imboë`mn¡emVyZ MH$MH$sV à{H«$`mH§o$Ð C^r am{hbr, XwYmMr dmhVyH$ Mmby Pmbr.ghH$mar g§ñWm§Zr d¡ÚH$s` d BVa godm CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xë`m‘wio Xw^VrOZmdao R>odÊ`mg eoVH$è`m§Zm WmoSo> àmoËgmhZhr {‘imbo.

CËnmXZdmT> ‘hmnwam‘wio Zìho {H$‘Vr‘wionU, WmoS>çmM H$mimV Ago bjmV Ambo H$s S>m°. Hw$[a`Z `m§À`m XyY


^md XoVoo. VoWo à{H«$òMo H$m‘ hmoV Zmhr. CbQ>, à{H«$`m H$ê$Z MrO, lrI§S>,Mm°H$boQ> V`ma H$aUmar AmU§X So>Aar gw‘ybBVHo$ ^md XoD$ eH$V Zmhr; `mIoarO,

3)ghH$mar joÌmVrb à{H«$`mCÚmoJmMo V§ÌkmZ d `§Ìgm‘J«r ‘hmJS>r AmhoË`m‘wio Ë`m ì`dgm`mV ‘yë`mnojm IMm©VM dmT> A{YH$ hmoVo. ImOJrjoÌmVrb à{H«$`m H$‘r I{M©H$ d A{YH$ H$m`©j‘ Agë`m‘wio VoWo eoVH$arAm{U J«mhH$ `m XmoKm§Mohr {hV A{YH$ Onbo OmVo.

ghH$mar ì`dñWoZo ImOJr joÌmer ñnYm© H$aÊ`mV g‚m ìhmdo, Amdí`H$Va eham§Zm XwYmMm nwadR>m H$aÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z H$mTy>Z ¿`mdrAer Am‘Mr {e’$mag Ë`m H$mimÀ`m A{Z{üV amOH$s` dmVmdaUmV H$mhrhr{ZU©` Z hmoVm nSy>Z am{hbr.

Iwë`m AW©ì`dñWoMr (Mm)hÿbVodT>çmV AmUIr EH$ ‘hÎdmMm ~Xb KSy>Z Ambm. Am{W©H$ A[aï>mMm

gm‘Zm H$aÊ`mgmR>r Iwë`m AW©ì`dñWoMm CX²Kmof Pmbm. gJù`m CÚmoJY§Úm§daMonadmÝ`m~m~VMo {Z`‘ {e{Wb Pmbo Am{U gmh{OH$M XwYmMm ì`dgmÌmOJr joÌmH$[aVm Iwbm Pmbm.

`m H$mimV AW©‘§Ìr S>m°. ‘Z‘mohZ qgJ `m§À`mer ‘r EH$Xm MMm© Ho$brË`mdoir Ë`m§Zr {Z…g§{X½YnUo gm§{JVbo, "" ehamVrb J«mhH$mbm no` XyY hdoAgob Va Ë`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr XwYmÀ`m à{H«$`mCÚmoJmVrb nXmWmªer ñnYm© Ho$brnm{hOo.'' `m Ë`m§À`m ~mobÊ`mda ‘r H$mhrgm AmœñV Am{U {ZYm©ñV PmbmohmoVmo.

Zohê$dmXmMm W`W`mQ>Ë`mZ§Va nmM-ghm ‘{hÝ`m§VM n[apñWVr nmbQy> bmJbr. Iwë`m ~mOmanoR>oMo

YmoaU Am¡Úmo{JH$ joÌmVhr ‘mKma KoD$ bmJbo Am{U eoVrÀ`m joÌmV VaAJXr gZmVZr eoVH$ar{damoYr Zohê$dmX WQ>W`mQ> H$ê$ bmJbm. XwYmÀ`mjoÌmV Ho$§ÐmV emgZmZo XmoZ AmKmS>çm§da ‘mKma KoVbr.

XyY à{H«$òdarb {Z~©Yn{hbo åhUOo, XwYmÀ`m joÌmV Iwcm àdoe XoUmao YmoaU aÔ H$ê$Z "XyY

Am{U Xw½YOÝ` nXmW©' dQ>hþHy$‘ OyZ 1992 ‘Üò Omar H$aÊ`mV Ambm. `mdQ>hþHw$‘mÝdò EH$ gëbmJma g{‘Vr V`ma H$aÊ`mV Ambr Am{U Xa {Xder10,000 {bQ>anojm OmñV qH$dm dfm©cm 500 Q>Zm§noúmm OmñV, XwYmVrb

n§Mdrg-n§Mdrg, Vrg-Vrg ñdmXm§Mo AmB©ñH«$s‘ nwadUmao ‘moR>o ì`dgmÀJXr WmoS>çm H$mimV ââmQ>rbm Ambo. XwYmda à{H«$`m H$aÊ`mÀ`m joÌmVZdrZ ^m§S>db CVaob, AJXr ~hþamï´>r` H§$nÝ`mhr CVaVrb Aer {MÝho {XgybmJbr AmhoV. AmO XwYmda à{H«$`m H$aÊ`mMo CÚmoJY§Xo Mmby H$aÊ`mH$[aVmImOJr joÌmVyZ nmMeoda àñVmd Ambobo AmhoV.

ghH$mamMm H$m§JmdmImoa `w{º$dmXJmdmV V`ma hmoUmè`m XwYmbm g‘mÝVa Am{U n`m©`r _mJUr V`ma hmoVo

Amho ho nm{hë`mda S>m°. Hw$[a`Z `m§Mo ghH$mar Mobo JS>~Sy>Z Jobo. AmnUeoVH$è`m§Mo {hVH$V} AmhmoV, Ë`m§À`m XwYmbm ~mOmanoR> {‘idyZ XoUo hoAmnbo Or{dVH$m`© Amho hm Amd Ë`m§Zr PQ²>H$Z Q>mHy$Z {Xbm Am{U$ ImOJrH§$nÝ`m§Zm XyY Jmoim H$aÊ`mMr nadmZJr AgVm Zò Aer ‘mJUr Amnbo gd©amOH$s` dOZ dmnê$Z Ho$br. `m ‘mJUrÀ`m nmR>nwamì`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr XmoZ`w{º$dmX Ho$bo.

n{hë`m `w{º$dmX hm H$s, XwYmMo CËnmXZ dmT>{dÊ`mMo lo` ghH$marg§ñWm§Mo Amho; Ë`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr H$ï> Ho$bo AmhoV, `§ÌUm C^mabr Amho. `mgd© IQ>mQ>monmMm ’$m`Xm ImOJr H§$nÝ`m§Zm ’w$H$Q>m’w$H$Q>r {‘iVm H$m‘m Zò.

IoarO, ImOJr joÌmMm àdoe ghH$mar g§ñWm§da AÝ`m`H$maH$ hmoB©b.H$maU ghH$mar g§ñWm§da eham§Zm Ðdê$nmV XyY nwa{dÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar Amho.ImOJr H§$nÝ`mda Aer H$mhrM O~m~Xmar Zmhr. Ë`m§Zm à{H«$òMm ì`dgm`H$ê$ {Xë`mg Vo XwYmdaMr gJir gm` ImD$Z OmVrb Am{U XyYnwadR>çmMmAmV~Å>çmMm ì`dgm` VodT>m ghH$mar g§ñWm§H$So> amhrb.

H¥$fr gëbmJma g{‘VrMr ^y{‘H$mImOJr joÌmbm "àdoe {Z{fÕ' H$aÊ`mMr hr ‘mJUr ñWm`r H¥$fr gëbJma

g{‘VrnwT>o Ambr hmoVr. Amåhr `m ‘mJUr{déÕ {e’$mag Ho$br Am{U ImOJrjoÌmbm àdoe Úmdm Ago gm§{JVbo. Am‘À`m {e’$maerMm AmYma AgmhmoVm.

1) ghH$mar g§ñWm§Zr XwYmMo CËnmXZ dmT>{dbo `m åhUÊ`mV ’$mago VÏ`Zmhr. XyY CËnmXZmMr dmT> {dVaU ì`dñWoÀ`m {dH$mgmnojm AmH$f©H$ {H$_Vr‘wioPmbr Amho;

2) XyYà{H«$òMm ì`dgm` A’$mQ> ’$m`ÚmMm Amho hm `w{º$dmX e§H$mñnXAmho. JwOamV amÁ`mVrb gyaV òWrb gw‘yb So>Aar eoVH$è`m§Zm gdm©{YH$


hm Ë`m§Mm {dMma Amho. Am{U Ë`mH$[aVm XwYmÀ`m Am§XmobZmbm {damoYH$aUmao ho eoVH$è`m§Mo eÌy Amnbo gm‘«mÁ` {Q>H${dÊ`mH$[aVm Am§XmobZmMr^mfm H$ê$ bmJbo AmhoV.

bT>mB© An[ahm`©Iwbr AW©ì`dñWm eoVH$è`mn`©V nmohmoMUma Zgob Va eoVH$è`m§Zm nwÝhm

EH$Xm Zohê$dmXmÀ`m nwZéËWmZm{déÕ gd©ñd nUmbm bmdyZ bT>mB© ÚmdrbmJUma Amho.


KZnXmW© dmnaUmè`m CÚmoJm§H$[aVm `m g{‘VrÀ`m {e’$maerZo Zm|XUrAmË`mdí`H$ H$aÊ`mV Ambr. WmoS>Š`mV, Iwë`m AW©ì`dñWoMo VÎdkmZeoVH$è`m§Zm XwYmÀ`m ~m~VrVhr ZmH$maÊ`mV Ambo. ghH$ma joÌmV gÎmmYmarnjmMo amOH$s` {hVg§~§Y Jw§Vbobo AmhoV, Ë`mÀ`m ~MmdmH$[aVm hm dQ>hþHy$‘H$mT>bm Jobm ho CKS> Amho.dQ>hþHw$‘mVrb T>m|J AJXr CKS> Amho.

dQ>hþHw$‘mVrb T>m|J~mOrdQ>hþHw$‘mMm EH$ CÔoe, åhUo, ñdÀN>Vm Am{U JwUdÎmm dmT>dUo hm Amho.

`m~m~V, m Ñï>rZo Iao nm{hco Va ghH$mar g§ñWm§daM {Z~ªY m`cm nm{hOoV.ñdÀN>Vm Am{U JwUdÎmm `m H$maUm§H$[aVm ImOJr joÌmda ~§YZ KmbUoCKS>nUo hmñ`mñnX Amho.

dQ>hþHw$‘mMm Xwgam hoVy H$m` Va, eoVH$è`mbm amñV ^md {‘idyZ XoUo.~mOmamV C^r amhV Agbobr ‘mJUr N>mQy>Z Q>mHy$Z XwYmbm Mm§Jbm ^md{‘idyZ Úm`Mm ho H$m‘ VH©$emó Amho?

dQ>hþHw$‘mMm Iam hoVy dQ>hþHw$‘mVM ñnï>nUo gm§{JVbm Amho - gd©gmYmaUOZVog ehmam‘Üò XyYmMm df©â ñdñV XamZo nwadR>m H$aUo.

‘hmnya `moOZoMo nwZamJ‘Z`mIoarO, Zohê$ O‘mÝ`mVrb Xwgè`m `mZH$ ì`dñWoMo nwZé‚mrdZ H$aÊ`mV

Ambo. XyY ‘hmnya `moOZoMm {Vgam Q>ßnm gwê$ H$aÊ`mV Ambm Am{U JobrH$mhr df} ~§X nS>bobm, `wamonmVrb XyY^wH$Q>r Am{U Ma~r ^maVmV AmUyZXwYmMo ^md nmS>Ê`mMm H$ma^ma gwê$ Pmbm. AmVm Xadfu 100 H$moQ>rén`m§Mm ‘mb `wamonmVyZ eoVH$è`m§À`m Camda òD$Z nS>Uma Amho.

ghH$mamVrb ~moŠ`m§Mr Mwi~wi`m gJù`m àH$mamV S>m°. Hw$[a`Z `m§Mm g§ñWmË‘H$ ñdmW© CKS> Amho; nU

Ë`m§Mr Ñï>r {ZXmZ, d¡`{º$H$ ñdmWm©Mr Zmhr. nU Ë`m§À`m H¥$nmN>ÌmImbrXoeâ ngabobo JmdmoJmdMo, {Oëøm-{OëømVrb XyY gmogm`Q>çmMo MoAa‘Z‘mÌ hmXê$Z Jobo AmhoV, Vo Amnbm ’$m`ÚmMm Y§Xm ~wS>Uma `m ^rVrZo.n`m©`r XyYg§H$bZ- ì`dñWm gwê$ Pmbr Va gmogm`Q>rV XyY Kmbob H$moU?Á`m gmogm`Q>rV dma§dma XyY ZmgVo Am{U {OMo A{YH$mar ’$º$ ‘mbo‘mbhmoVmV Ë`m gmogm`Q>r~Ôb, {H$aH$moi AndmX dJibo Va, eoVH$è`m§À`m‘ZmV {VañH$ma Amho. Ë`mMr `m MoAa‘Z bmoH$m§Zm ndm© Zmhr. eoVH$è`m§ZmH$gohr ‘wR>rV R>ody, ’$º$ Ë`m§Zm XyY Kmbm`bm Xwgao gmYZ {‘iVm H$m‘m Zò,


IoS>monmS>r eoVH$è`m§À`m hmVr ì`mnmaì`dñWm Zmhr, CÚmoJ§YXo ZmhrV `mH$maUmZo eoVmVbr bú‘r ehamV {ZKyZ OmVo Aer Ë`m§Mr H$ënZm Agmdr.åhUyZ gaH$mar gmhmæ`mZo ghH$mar g§ñWm§Mo Omio {dUbo Va IoS>monmS>r bú‘rZm§Xy bmJob Agm Ë`m§Mm AmS>mIm.

H$Xm{MV, IoS>çmnmS>çm§À`m Xm[aÐçmMo Iao H$maU H$mù`m B§J«Om§H$SyZhmoUmè`m ^maVmÀ`m emofUmV Amho ho Ë`m§Zm H$iVhr Agob; nU EdT>çm‘Ja{‘R>rÀ`m ì`dñWoVyZ eoVH$è`m§Mr gwQ>H$m eŠ` Zmhr. Voìhm ghH$marì`dñWoÀ`m {‘fmZo Amnbo, Amnë`m Amág§~§{Y`m§Mo, njH$m`©H$Ë`mªMo ^bogmYyZ ¿`mdo Agm gai amOH$maUr S>mdhr Ë`mÀ`m‘mJo Agmdm.

ghH$mar Midi ’$maer H$m`©j‘ hmoV Zmhr Agm 1555 n`ªVMmMAZw^d hmoVm. 1955 _Üò S>m°.YZ§Oàmd JmS>Jri m§Zr "J«m‘rU nVì`dñWoMrnmhUr' nwar Ho$br hmoVr. nmhUrMm {ZîH$f© ñnï> hmoVm "ghH$ma AèñdrPmbm,' nU JmS>Jrigmho~m§Mr {e’$mag hmoVr "Varhr ghH$ma èñdr Pmbmnm{hOo.'

‘hm~ioœaÀ`m ~¡R>H$sZ§Va ghH$mar Midirbm njmÀ`m Owdmcm Ow§nÊ`mMoH$m‘ Mmby Pmbo. ghH$mar MidirMo AmO Oo ê$n {XgVo Amho Ë`mMo ‘yiH$maU ‘hm~ioœaÀ`m `m H$m±J«og ~¡R>H$sV Amho. èd§Vamdm§Zr Amnë`m‘mohH$ dmUrZo Am{U nmR>rda hmV {’$adÊ`mÀ`m H$boZo eoVH$ar H$m‘Jma,H$å`w{ZñQ> B. njmVrb {X½JO ‘§S>ir Hw$ebVoZo didyZ KoVbr Am{UghH$ma Am{U gaH$ma `m§Mo bú` gmYbo.

‘hm~ioœaMm {ZU©` H$m±J«og njmÀ`m Ñï>rZo Iyn ‘hÎdmMm R>abm. ‘hmamï´>mVAmOn`ªV EH$mhr {ZdS>UwH$sV {damoYr njm§Mo gaH$ma {ZdSy>Z Ambobo Zmhr.`mMo ‘hÎdmMo H$maU njmÀ`m hþHw$‘VrImbrb ghH$mar g§ñWm§Mo Omio hogd©‘mÝ` Amho.

‘hmamï´>mVrb ghH$mar g§ñWm§Mo {deof ê$n Amho.’$º$ gÎmmYmè`m§Mo Hw$aU1) `m gd© g§ñWm H$m±J«og njmÀ`m A{YnË`mImbr AmhoV. Á`m H$mhr

WmoS>çm’$ma g§ñWm {damoYH$m§À`m hmVr {XgVmV Ë`m g§ñWm gwédmVrbm g§ñWmnH$H$m±J«og njmV AgVmZm V`ma Pmë`m, amOH$s` ’$mQ>m’w$Q>r‘wio g§ñWmnH$ qH$dmË`m§Mo dmagXma H$m±J«og gmoSy>Z {ZKmbo; Ë`m‘wio H$mhr H$mi Var `m g§ñWmH$m±J«ogÀ`m dM©ñdm~mhoa am{hë`m; nU ghH$ma Am{U gaH$ma m§Mr ‘Ja{‘R>rM

N>Îmrg

‘hm~ioœaMr ‘Ja{‘R>r

ghH$mamMm CJ‘ghH$mar Midi B§J«Or A‘bmV gwê$ Pmbr, Ë`mbm AmVm OdiOdi

90df} Pmbr. B§J«Or emgZmZo ghH$mar g§ñWm§g§~§YrMm H$m`Xm Ho$bm; nUghH$mar g§ñWm Mmby amhmì`mV `mgmR>r H$mhr {deof CËgmhr Am{U ì`mnH$H$m`©H«$‘ hmVr KoVbm Zmhr.

J«m‘rU ^mJm§V Ë`m H$mir Oo H$mhr WmoS>o’$ma N>moQ>o CÚmoJY§Xo hmoVo Voàm‘w»`mZo ImOJr qH$dm H§$nÝ`m§Mo hmoVo,CÚmoJY§Úm§H$[aVm bmJUmao ^m§S>dbeoVH$è`m§Zm O‘m H$aVm òUma Zmhr Am{U {dÎmnwadR>mhr {dÎmg§ñWm§H$Sy>Z{‘iUo XwamnmñV Aem n[apñWVrV eoVH$è`m§Zr EH$Ì òD$Z H$mhr CÚmoJY§XmC^mam`Mo R>abo Va emgZmH$Sy>Z Am{U {dÎmr` g§ñWm§H$Sy>Z Ë`m§À`m à`ËZmghmV^ma bmJmdm Aer ‘yi ghH$mar H$m`Úm‘mJrb H$ënZm.

ghH$mamMo AnhaUghH$mar Midirbm EH$ doJio diU bmJco Vo 1960 gmbmnmgyZ.

‘hm~ioœa òWo âboë`m H$m±Jo«gÀ`m EH$m ~¡R>H$sV Am{W©H$ {dH$mgmH$[aVmghH$mar g§KmMm dmna H$aÊ`mMo R>abo. hm {ZU©` H$m±J«og njmZo KoVbm hmoVm,emgZmZo Zmhr. g§`wº$ ‘hmamï´>mÀ`m Am§XmobZm‘wio ‘moS>H$irg Amboë`mH$m±J«og njmbm VJdyZ YaÊ`mH$[aVm èd§Vamd MìhmU `m§À`m ZoV¥ËdmImbrhr Zdr {Xem R>adÊ`mV Ambr.

ghH$mar gmIa H$maImZo, gyV{JaÊ`m, Cngm ObqgMZ `moOZm, XyY g§KBË`mXr Cô Ho$bo åhUOo Ë`m§VyZ J«m‘rU ^mJmMm IamIwam {dH$mg hmoB©bAer èd§Vamd MìhmU BË`mXr Yw[aUm§Mr ^m~S>r H$ënZm hmoVr. J«m‘rU^mJmÀ`m Xm[aÐçmMo ‘yi H$maU Ë`m§Zm g‘Obo ZìhVo, ho CKS> Amho.


Mmby Agboë`m g§ñWo‘Üò ZdrZ g^mgX åhUyZ H$moUmcm ‘mÝ`Vm Úm`MrAm{U H$moUmbm Úm`Mr Zmhr hm {ZU©` gÎmoda Agboë`m g§MmbH$ ‘§S>imÀ`mhmVr Agë`m_wio gXñ`m§Mr `mXr hr gÎmmYmè`m§À`m gmo`rZo R>aVo.H$maImÝ`mÀ`m n[agamVrb gXñ` åhUyZ Zm|Xdbo OmV ZmhrV Aerhr CXmhaUoAmhoV Am{U gXñ` hmoÊ`mH$[aVm bmJUmar JwUdÎmm ZgVmhr hOmam|À`mg§»òZo âVr Pmbr `mMrhr CXmhaUo AmhooV.

ñnY}Mo dmdSo>2) ghH$mar g§ñWmda EH$m amOH$s` njmMo A{YnË` am{hbo Amho `mMmM

EH$ n[aUm‘ Agm H$s ghH$mar ì`dñWobm ñnY}Mo dmdSo> Amho. ghH$margmIa H$maImZm C^m Pmbm H$s Ë`mÀ`m A{YH$majoÌmVrb eoVH$è`m§ZmXwgè`m H$maImÝ`mg D$g XoVm òV Zmhr qH$dm KaÀ`mKargwÕm JwimgmR>rJwèhmi bmdVm òV Zmhr. H$mngmMr ghH$mar IaoXr åhQ>br H$s VrEH$m{YH$mamMr, eoVH$è`m§Zm Xwgè`m H$moUmH$So> OmD$Z H$mnyg {dH$Ê`mMrg§Yr {‘iVm H$m‘m Zò, ho EH$m{YH$mamMo ‘yi VÎd. XwYmda à{H«$`m H$aÊ`mÀ`mjoÌmV ImOJr ^m§S>dbmcm ‘w^m Úm`Mr ZwgVr H$ënZm {ZKmbr Va gJù`m‘hmamï´>mVrb XyY g§ñWm§Zr Amnbr ‘ºo$Xmar {Q>H$Ê`mH$[aVm "XyY amoH$mo 'Am§XmobZ H$aÊ`mMr Y‘H$s {Xbr.

ZmoH$aXmam§Mr hþHw$‘V3) gaH$mar AmYmamdaM ghH$mar g§ñWm MmbV Agë`m‘wio `m gd©

g§ñWm§da ZmoH$aXmam§Mr hþHw$‘V O~aXñV amhVo. gmIa H$maImÝ`mMm MoAa‘ZH$maImÝ`mÀ`m n[agamV {H$Vrhr {‘Omg ‘mamo; nU gmIa{ZXoeH$mnwT>o {§H§$dm{ZXoemb`mVrb EImÚm {H$aH$moi A{YH$mè`mg‘moa eoir ~ZVmo.

H$igyÌr ~mhþË`m4) ghH$mar g§ñWm§Mo AÜ`j Am{U g§MmbH$ ‘§S>i ho {H$Vrhr Vmoè`mV

{’$aco Var g§ñWm MmbdÊ`m~Ôb EH$hr, AJXr gmYm {H$aH$moi {ZU©`hrKoUo Ë`m§À`m hmVr Zmhr. gmIa H$maImÝ`mMo CXmhaU ¿`m`Mo Pmbo Va`§ÌmnmgyZ ~maXmZmn`ªVÀ`m IaoÚm, H$maImÝ`mVrb Am{U H$mnUrgmR>r oUmè`m‘Owam§Mo doVZ, CgmMr {H$‘mZ {H$_V, gmIaoMr boìhr {H$_V Am{U Iwë`m~mOmamV {dH$Ê`mMm gmIaoMm H$moQ>m ho gJio H$mhr gaH$mamVM R>aVo.CgmgmR>r Xo` aH$‘oVyZ H$aÊ`mÀ`m {d{dY H$nmVr - ‘w»`‘§Ìr {ZYr,Aën~MV, J¥h~m§YUr {ZYr, {ejU{ZYr, {dœñV {ZYr, naVrMr R>od, {~Ja

BVH$s AôÚ Amho H$s {damoYmV Joboë`m nwT>mè`m§Zmhr WmoS>çmM H$mbmdYrVOJyZ amhÊ`mH$[aVm H$m±J«og‘Ü o mdo bmJVo. ehmXo, dmidm oWrb H$maImÝ`m§MrCXmhaUo ho ñnï> H$aVmV.

ghH$mar g§ñWm§darb dM©ñd H$m±J«og njmZo ’$ma dfmªÀ`m `moOZoV Am{Un[al‘mZo H$‘dbo Amho. `m nH$S>rMr nmio‘wio ’$ma Imob Jobobr AmhoV.{damoYr njm§Mo gaH$ma Ho$§ÐmV Am{U amÁ`mV gbJ 10-15 df} {Q>H$bo VaMhr nH$S> {T>br qH$dm pIi{Ibr hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho, AÝ`Wm Zmhr.

‘wimV ghH$mar g§ñWm ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mMr nadmZJr H$m±J«og njmÀ`m nwÇ>çmVrbbmoH$m§Zm XoÊ`mV oVo. Á`m Á`m joÌmV åhUyZ ghH$mar g§ñWm MmbdÊ`mgma»`mAmhoV VoWo VoWo njmÀ`m bmoH$m§Zr Amnë`m ZmdmZo EH$ g§ñWm a{OñQ>a H$ê$ZË`mbm ‘mÝ`Vmhr {‘idbr Amho. AmVm Xwgè`m H$moUr g‘mVa g§ñWm H$mTy>åhQ>bo Va Ë`mbm nadmZJr {‘iUo AeŠ`M Amho. EH$mM joÌmV EH$mMàXoemV EH$‘oH$m§er ñnYm© H$aUmè`m ghH$mar g§ñWm ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mg nadmZJr,amÁ`H$Ë`m© njmMr gmo` Agob VaM {Xbr OmVo, Eadr Zmhr.

njm~mhoarb gMmoQ>rÀ`m eoVH$è`m§‘Üò ‘mÝ`Vm Agboë`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªZrEImXr g§ñWm C^r H$aÊ`mH$[aVm Iyn H$ï> KoVbo. Varhr gaH$mar ‘mÝ`VmqH$dm gaH$mar {ZYr OmJmoOmJ AS>dbo OmVmV Am{U EHy$U moOZoda amÁ`H$Ë`m©njmÀ`m bmoH$m§Mo dM©ñd Pmë`mIoarO g§ñWobm {hadm H§$Xrb H$mhr {XgVZmhr. ^m§S>db AS>Hy$Z nS>ë`m‘wio {Xëbr-‘w§~B©À`m ’o$è`m KmbyZ aS>Hw§$S>rgAmbobo H$m`©H$V} Am{U eoVH$ar eodQ>r "OmB©Zm H$m H$m±J«ogÀ`m hmVr, nUH$maImZm Va hmoD$ Xo' `m ^y{‘Ho$da òD$Z nmohmoMVmV.

BVHo$hr H$ê$Z EImXr {~JaH$m±J«ogr g§ñWm C^r am{hbrM Va {VbmH$O©nwadR>m hmoD$ Z XoUo, gaH$mar H$m‘mV OmJmoOmJ Imoi§~m H$aUo BË`mXr‘mJmªZr ghO aS>Hw$§S>rbm AmUVm òVo.

ghH$ma Am{U bmoH$emhr Aem Jm|S>g ZmdmImbr {ZdS>UwH$rMr `§ÌUmBVH$s Jw§VmJw§VrMr Ho$br Amho H$s Ë`mdarb njmMr nH$S> OdiOdiH$m`_Mr Pmbr. Jmdn§Mm`VrV ‘mUgo Amnbr, {dH$mg ghH$mar gmogm`Q>rV_mUgo Amncr, Ë`m§Mo goH«o$Q>ar VmbwŠ`mVrb qH$dm {OëømVrb nwT>mè`m§À`mnwÇ>çmVbo, ghH$mar g§ñWmda Vm~m AmnbmM åhUOo H¥$fr CËnÞ ~mOmag{‘Ë`m, IaoXr-{dH«$s g§K, gaH$mar ~±H$m BË`mXr§À`m {ZdS>UwH$sVrb H$mhrnXo h‘Img amÁ`H$Ë`m© njmÀ`m hmVmV amhVmV.


dgwbr H$ê$Z KoÊ`mMo H$b‘ 48 A `m§gma»`m nR>mUr VaVwXr aÔ Ho$ë`m VaHo$di Am{W©H$ g§ñWm åhUyZ XmoZ Q>ŠHo$gwÕm ghH$mar g§ñWm {Q>Hy$Z amhUmaZmhrV. Ë`m§À`m ^«ï>mMmamMr gd©gmYmaU Mm¡H$er Pmbr Va Vwé§Jm~mhoaamhVrb Ago ghH$ma ‘h{f© ‘moOÊ`mgmR>r EH$m hmVmMr ~moQ>ogwÕm OmñVhmoVrb. Iwë`m ~mOmanoR>oVrb, Am{U Ë`mhrnojm, {Z`m©V ~mOmanoR>o‘ÜòghH$mar g§ñWm èñdr hmoD$M eH$V Zmhr. H$mhr VéU, amOH$maUmMr ’$maerJmoS>r Zgbobr ‘§S>ir Jobr df} XmoZ df} ÐmjmÀ`m {Z`m©VrV CËgmhmZo H$m‘H$arV AmhoV. Ë`m§Mm AbrH$S>Mm AZw^d nm{hë`mZ§Va, ghH$ma ‘moSy>ZH$mT>ë`mIoarO eoVH$è`m§Mm Am{W©H$ {dH$mg hmoD$M eH$Uma Zmhr `mMrImÌr nQ>Vo.

Iwë`m AW©ì`dñWoV ‘O~wVrZo Cô amhm`Mo Agob Va eoVrVrbCËnmXZmgmR>r, eoVr‘mbmÀ`m ì`mnmamgmR>r, {Z`m©VrgmR>r Am{U à{H«$`m§gmR>rghH$ma `m H$ënZoMm {dQ>migwÕm àm‘m{UH$ H$m`©j‘ H$m`©H$Ë`mªZr hmoD$ XoD$Zò. ghH$mam‘Üò {‘iUmar emgZmMr ‘XV AmO {H$Vrhr AmH$f©H$ dmQ>brVar VrM ‘XV bdH$aM Ji’$mg R>aVo.

Am{W©H$ ì`dhmamMr Zdr ~m§YUr H$aVmZm ImOJr ‘mbH$s, ^mJrXmar,ImOJr H§$nZr, gmd©O{ZH$ H§$nZr BË`mXr g§KQ>Zm§Mm dmna H$amdm. EdT>oMZìho Va `mnbrH$So> OmD$Z AmUIr EH$ Jmoï> eoVH$è`m§Zr Ho$br nm{hOo.‘hmamï´>mVrb àËòH$ ghH$mar g§ñWoÀ`m `mnwT>rb gd©gmYmaU gôV g§ñWoMoê$nm§Va ImOJr qH$dm gmd©O{ZH$ H§$nZrV H$amdo Agm Am¡nMm[aH$ R>amd‘m§Sy>Z eoVH$è`m§Zr AmJ«h Yabm VaM J«m‘rU ^mJmMr Iwë`m AW©ì`dñWoVââmQ> hmoÊ`mMr H$mhr eŠ`Vm V`ma hmoB©b.

(eoVH$ar g§KQ>H$, 6 ‘o 1993)

naVrMr R>od `mg§§~§Yr H$nmVr - ho gJio gJio {ZU©` H$maImÝ`m~mhoaMhmoVmV. ghH$mar nXm{YH$mar ho ‘§Ìmb`mVyZ ZmMdë`m OmUmè`m H$igyÌr~mhþë`m§nojm H$mhr A{YH$ H$V©~Jmar XmIdy eH$V ZmhrV.

{Z`moOZm~Ôb AZmñWm5) `m gJù`m H$maUmZr ghH$mar ì`dñWm ‘moR>r AOmJi Pmbr Amho.

~mOmanoR>oV Zo‘H$m H$moUVm ‘mb bmJVmo, ‘mbmMr JwUdÎmm H$er gwYmamdr,Vmo AmH$f©H$ H$gm H$amdm, ‘mb ñdñV H$gm H$amdm, CËnmXZIM© H$‘r H$gmH$amdm, H$m`©j‘Vm H$er dmT>dmdr ho {df`hr ghH$mar g§ñWm§V {ZKV ZmhrV.Ë`m‘wio ghH$mar g§ñWm§Zm, {H$aH$moi AndmX gmoS>ë`mg Voc Am{UgyV{JaÊ`mgwÕm eñdrarË`m MmbdVm Amë`m ZmhrV. gmIa ho joÌ ghH$mamgVgo gmo`rMo Amho. ‘mb R>moH$, {JèhmB©H$ hOa Aer hr Amier H$maImZXmarAmho. Ë`m‘wio ‘hmamï´>mVrb gìdmeo H$maImÝ`§mn¡H$s drgn§Mdrg Var ~è`mAdñWoV AmhoV. BVa gd© joÌm§V ghH$mar g§ñWm§Zr Amnbr AnmÌVmM {gÕHo$br Amho.

ImD$Z ¿`m6) eoVH$è`m§À`m eoVr‘mbmcm ^md {‘idyZ XoUo H$maImÝ`mg eŠ` Zmhr

Am{U Ë`mMo H$maU ghH$mar YmoaU Amho, ho ghH$mar nXm{YH$mè`m§À`mbdH$aM bjmV òD$Z OmVo; nU ho bjmV òB©n`ªV `m IoimVyZ ~mOybmhmoD$Z OJmbm ho gË` AmH«$moemZo gm§JÊ`mMr Ë`m§Mr VmH$X g§nyZ OmVo. ‘J,{OVH$m doi O‘ob {VVH$m doi EH$m ~mOybm H$maImZm ImUo Am{U Xþgè`m~mOycm H$maImÝ`mVrc ZmoH$è`m, dmhVyH$, noQ´>mobn§n BË`mXrMr H§$ÌmQ>o dmQy>ZbmoH$m§Zm Iwe H$aUo Aem H$m‘m§V Vo ñdV…bm Jw§VdyZ KoVmV.

amOH$maU, {ZdS>UwH$s¨Mr Jw§S>mJXu, ZmoH$aemhrMo dM©ñd, {dbjUCYi‘mYi Am{U AH$m`©j‘Vm `m§Zr gJir ghH$mar Midi J«ñV PmbobrAmho Am{U `mMo à‘wI H$maU gaH$mar MidirMo OmUrdnyd©H$ AnhaUH$aÊ`mMm ‘hm~ioœa òWrb 1960 gmbMm {ZU©`.

AmVm BVa g§ñWmË‘H$ ñdê$nM dmMdVrbIwë`m ~mOmanoR>m§H$So> dmQ>Mmb Mmby AgVmZm ghH$mar g§ñWm§Mo H$mhr

AÜd`©y ZdrZ ì`dñWoVhr ghH$mar ì`dñWm Amnbr H$V©~Jmar XmIdrbAer ‘moR>r ’w$emaH$s ‘maV AmhoV. ho gwVam‘ AeŠ` Amho. ghH$marg§ñWm§Mm amOH$s` Aml` H$mTy>Z KoVbm Am{U eoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z gº$sMr


D$gCËnmXH$ eoVH$ar H$Om©V ~wS>V Jobm Var Ë`mÀ`m Cgmbm `mo½` {H§$_V{‘imdr Agm H$mhr à`ËZ nwT>mè`m§Zr Ho$bm Zmhr. ghH$mamMm P|S>m ’$S>H$dyZgÎmmYmar njmÀ`m H$moÊ`m åhmoaŠ`mg gmIa H$maImZm H$mT>Ê`mMr nadmZJrÚmdr, gaH$mar {VOmoarVrb H$moQ>çdYr énò Ë`mÀ`m nXar Q>mH$mdo, Ë`måhmoaŠ`mZohr gXñ` eoVH$è`m§Mo H$m` H$nmi ’w$Q>Vo Amho {VH$S>o bj Z XoVmH$maImÝ`mV â‘gmQ> ZmoH$aâVr H$amdr, Amnë`m {nÎ`m§Zm Am{U M‘À`m§ZmH§$ÌmQ>o ÚmdrV Am{U H$maImZm hS>n H$aÊ`mMr Amnbm gÎmm {Za§Hw$enUoMmbdmdr hm àH$ma dfm©Zwdf} Mmbbm Amho.

D$g Agmo dm Zgmo, H$maImZm hdm `m AmJ«hmnmoQ>r Ago H$maImZo V`maPmbo H$s Oo Cgmbm CUo ^mdM XoD$ eH$VmV. emgZmZo R>adbobm CgmMm{H$‘mZ ^md XoVm `mdm `mH$[aVm H$maImÝ`m§Zm H$O© H$mT>mdo bmJVo, H$Om©À`mAm{U ì`mOmÀ`m ~moOmnmoQ>r nwT>rb dfu {ZKUmam ^md A{YH$M ImbmdVmo.nS>Ë`m ^mdmMo ho Xwï>MH«$ Mmby amhVo.

CÎmaoVrb n§Om~, h[a`mUm, CÎma àXoe `m amÁ`m§V ZD$-Xhm Q>ŠHo$eH©$am§emÀ`m Cgmbm gagH$Q> 720 Vo 740 énò àVrQ>Z ^md {‘iVmo Vagm§Jbr H$moëhmnyaH$S>rb ~mam-gmSo>~mam Q>ŠHo$ eH©$am§e Agboë`m Cgmbmhr575 én`m§À`m da ^md {Xbm OmD$ Zò Agm AmXoe ‘hmamï´> gaH$maZoH$mT>bm Am{U XwX¡©dmMr Jmoï> Aer H$s, D$g eoVH$è`m§Zr {Z‘yQ>nUo ‘mZ ImbrKmbyZ hm AÝ`m` ghZ Ho$bm. ghH$mar gmIa H$maImÝ`m§Mo gmao AW©H$maUMAgo {d{MÌ Pmbo Amho H$s, åhmoaŠ`m eoVH$è`m§Zm CgmÀ`m mdmnojm ghH$mamVrbAm{U amOH$maUmVrb byQ>‘marMr MQ>H$ bmJbr Amho.

Xhm-~mam H$maImÝ`m§Mm AndmX> gmoS>bm Va gJio H$maImZo VmoQ>çmVAmhoV. nU åhUyZ H$m` Pmbo; Ë`m H$maImÝ`m§da Amnbr gÎmm A~m{YVamIÊ`mH$[aVm h‘arVw‘ar MmbyM AgVo. {dÚ‘mZ H$maImÝ`m§Zm nwaogm D$gZmhr; nU AOyZ Xhm-drg H$maImZo H$mT>Ê`mH$[aVm ‘w»`‘§Í`mMr YmdniMmbyM Amho.

àËòH$ H$maImÝ`mMo EH$ H$m`©joÌ R>abobo AgVo. Ë`m H$m`©joÌmVrbD$g- eoVH$è`m§Zm Amnbm D$g g§~§{YV H$maImÝ`mgM KmbÊ`mMr gº$sAmho. Ë`m H$maImÝ`mbm D$g Z XoVm JwimMo Jwèhmi KmbÊ`mMrhr nadmZJrZmhr; nU H$m`©joÌmV Agboë`m eoVH$è`m§Zm H$maImÝ`mMo gXñ`Ëd Am{UË`m§Mm D$g Jmibm OmÊ`mMr h‘r {‘ibo `mMr H$mhr ImÌr Zmhr. àËòH$

gXVrg

gmIa gm‘«mÁ¶mV YaUrH§$n

‘w§~B© Cƒ Ý`m`mb`mÀ`m Am¡a§Jm~mX I§S>nrR>mÀ`m EH$m {ZU©`mZo CgmMr{dH«$s, gmIaoMr H$maImZXmar Am{U gd©M ghH$ma joÌ `m§V hmhmH$ma CS>mbmAmho. Ý`m`mb`mMm {ZU©` aÔ H$ê$Z KoÊ`mgmR>r gmar nwT>mar ‘§S>ir H§$~aH$gyZ H$m‘mbm bmJbr AmhoV. eoVH$ar g‘mO ‘mÌ `m {ZU©`m~Ôb CXmgrZAmho. I§S>nrR>mÀ`m {ZU©`mbm YŠH$m bmJy Zò mgmR>r eoVH$è`mZo VZ‘ZYZmZoà`ËZm§Mr namH$mð>m H$amd`mgm nm{hOo.

ho H$m` àH$aU Amho?gd©Xya Agm nŠH$m g‘O Amho H$s J«m‘rU ‘hmamï´>mMo Zmd Xw‘Xw‘Vo Vo

gmIa H$maImZXmar‘wio. ghH$ma joÌmVrb gmIa H$maImZXmarÀ`m {dH$mgm‘wio`ƒ`mdV ‘hmamï´>mVrb D$geoVH$ar gwIr Am{U g§nÞ Pmbm Amho. EdT>oMZìho Va Vmo YZXm§SJm Pmbm Amho. Ë`mZo amOH$maUmda à^wËd ñWmnZ Ho$boAmho; èd§Vamd MìhmUm§nmgyZ Vo dg§VXmXm Vo eaX ndma ho gJio {X½JOnwT>mar ‘hmamï´>mVrb gmIa bm°~rMo à{V{ZYr åhUOoM D$geoVH$è`m§Mo ZoVoBË`mXr BË`mXr. Aem AZoH$ J¡ag‘OwVr Xoeâ ngaboë`m AmhoV. D$geoVH$ar åhUOo YZXm§S>Jm nwT>mar. gÎmm JmOdUmam, Amnmnë`m n[agamVgwbVmZr MmbdUmam, bj^moOZo KmbUmam Aer à{V‘m V`ma Pmë`mZo D$geoVH$è`m§Mo àM§S> ZwH$gmZ Pmbo Amho.

D$g… amOH$maUmMo gmYZàË`jmV n[apñWVr AJXr CbQ>r Amho. gmIa H$maImÝ`m§VyZ ’$mo’$mdboë`m

ZoV¥ËdmMo gd©gmYmaU D$g eoVH$è`m§Mo H$mhrhr H$ë`mU Ho$bo Zmhr. gmIaodarbboìhr, boìhr gmIaoMr {H$_V, gmIa joÌmdarb {Z`§ÌUo, ‘irdarb ~§YZo,gmao gmao Ë`m§Zr ‘wH$mQ>nUo ñdrH$mabo Am{U eoVH$è`m§À`m Jir CVadbo.


H$aÊ`mMrhr AmVm Oê$ar am{hbr Zmhr. eoOmaMo H$maImZo ZmoQ>m ’$S>’$S>drV`§Xm Mm¡’o$a {’$aV hmoVo Am{U gmVeo én`m§À`mda ^md XoD$Z D$g eoVH$è`m§Mr‘ZYaUr H$arV IaoXr H$aV hmoVo.

eooVH$ar dmKm§Mr bT>mB©eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo Am¡a§Jm~mX A{YdoeZmV gXñ` Am{U {~JagXñ`

eoVH$è`m§Zr {OWo Mm§Jbm ^md {‘iob VoWo D$g Úmdm Agm gëbmdOmAmXoe {Xë`mZo n[apñWVr A{YH$M ñ’$moQ>H$ ~Zbr. EH$m H$m`©joÌmVyZ Xwgè`mH$m`©joÌmV PmoZ~§Xr VmoSy>Z OmUmam D$g Wm§~dÊ`mH$[aVm H$maImZXma YmdniH$ê$ bmJbo. nmo{bg A{YH$mè`m§Zm Iwe H$ê$Z Ë`m§À`m‘m’©$V Amdí`H$ VaeoVH$è`m§Zm ‘mahmU H$ê$Z CgmMo Q´>H$ amoIy bmJbo.nH$S>bobm D$g nmo{bgm§À`mVmã`mV dmiyZ OmD$ bmJbm. CgmÀ`m amOH$maUmV AmO Aer ~o~§XemhrMmby Amho.

Aem n[apñWVrV H$Yr Zìho Vmo EH$ M‘ËH$ma KS>bm. OiJmd {OëømVrbH$mhr eoVH$ar H$moQ>©Xa~mar Jobo Am{U 21 OmZodmar 1994 amoOr Am¡a§Jm~mXI§S>nrR>mZo {Xbobm {ZU©` eoVH$è`m§À`m ~mOyMm Amho. {~JagXñ` eoVH$è`m§ZrH$m`©joÌmVrb H$maImÝ`mg D$g Kmbmdm Aer H$maImÝ`mMr BÀN>m Agob VaË`m§À`m Cgmbm {H$‘mZ 740 énò à{V Q>Z {H$_V {Xbr nm{hOo Agm hm{ZU©` Amho. Ë`m{déÕ H$maImZo Am{U ‘hmamï´> gaH$ma gdm}ƒ Ý`m`mb`mVAnrc KoD$Z Jobo AmhoV.

Ë`mMr n{hbr gwZmdUr ewH«$dmar {XZm§H$ 18 ’o$~w«dmar 1994 amoOr hmoUmaAmho. Á`m eoVH$è`m§Zr AmOn`ªV hm àíZ bT>dbm Ë`m§Mo A{^Z§XZ; na§VwAmnmnbm D$g Mm§Jë`m ^mdmV Inbm ho nmhVmM ho eoVH$ar BVHo$ IwePmbo H$s Amnbo àH$aU gwàr‘ H$moQ>m©V bT>dÊ`mMr Ë`m§Zm BÀN>m am{hbrZmhr.

gwàr‘ H$moQ>m©V Xmdm bT>dm`Mm åhQ>ë`mda òUmè`m IMm©À`m AmH$S>çmZoVo h~H$bo AgVrb. AJXr eodQ>À`m jUr eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm `m H$moQ>m©Vrb‘m‘ë`mV CVaÊ`mMr V`mar H$arV Amho. nU hm ‘m‘bm g§KQ>ZoÀ`m Zìho VaeoVH$è`m§À`m ZmdmZo bT>dbm Jobm nm{hOo. ho àH$aU H$moQ>m©V bT>dÊ`mgmR>rD$g eoVH$è`m§Zr ‘moR>çm g§»òZo nwT>o Ambo nm{hOo.

(eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm, 21’o$~w«dmar1994)

H$maImÝ`mÀ`m joÌmV hOmamo D$gCËnmXH$m§Zm gXñ` ~Zy {Xbo OmV Zmhr,H$maU Ë`m§Zm gXñ` ~Zdbo Va gÎmmYmar g§MmbH$ ‘§S>imMr IwMu S>i‘irVhmoÊ`mMm YmoH$m Amho.

CgmÀ`m `m àíZmda 1980 gmbmnmgyZ Am§XmobZo Pmbr. OmJ{VH$~mOma^mdmÀ`m VwbZoZo Amnë`m XoemVrb CgmMo ^md WmoSo>’$ma daMT>MAmhoV. OJâ CgmMo CËnmXZ AmH$memVyZ nS>Umè`m nmÊ`mda hmoVo.Amnë`mH$S>rc CgmMo CËnmXZ àm‘w»`mZo H$mbì`mÀ`m Am{U Cngm qgMZ`moOZm§À`m nmÊ`mda hmoVo. Ë`m‘wio Amnë`mH$So> CgmMm CËnmXZIM© BVaXoem§À`m VwbZoZo OmñV amhVmo. XoemMr ^m¡Jmo{bH$, Z¡gm{J©H$ n[apñWVr,CËnmXZmMr H$m`©j‘Vm Am{U {JèhmB©H$mMo {hV nm{hbo Va nmÊ`mMr Q>§MmB©Agboë`m XoemV, {deofV… ‘hmamï´>mgma»`m H$moaS>dmhÿ ^y‘rV {‘iUmè`mWmoS>çm’$ma nmÊ`mMm Cn`moJ D$g {nH$dÊ`mH$[aVm ìhmdm ho ‘moR>o {d{MÌAmho. AW©H$maUmZo Zmhr Va amOH$maUmZo CgmMo Am{U gmIaoMo gm‘«mÁ`dmT>V Jobo.

AW©H$maUmMo nmaSo> OS>nU eodQ>r AW©H$maU amOH$maUmda ‘mV H$aVoM. D$g eoVH$è`m§Zr g§Kf©

H$aÊ`mMr {h§‘V XmIdbr Zmhr; nU EH$m doJù`m ‘mJm©Zo gmIag‘«mQ>m§{déÕMmAmnbm amof ì`º$ H$aÊ`mg gwédmV Ho$br. CgmÀ`m EodOr {Zb{Jar, ’$i~mJm,{deofV… Ðmjo {nH$dÊ`mH$S>o eoVH$ar PnmQ>çmZo diV AmhoV Am{U gmIaH$maImÝ`m§Mr pñWVr A{YH$m{YH$ S>~KmB©g òV Amho. nmD$g‘mZ Mm§JboAgyZhr H$maImÝ`m§Zm D$g Zmhr `m H$maUmZo S>PZâ H$maImZo `§Xm ~§XMam{hbo. Mmby amhUmao H$maImZo `§Xm ‘`m©{XV H$miM MmbVrb Am{U VodT>oMmbÊ`mgmR>rXoIrb Xwgè`m H$maImÝ`mÀ`m H$m`©joÌmV OmD$Z CgmMrnidmnidr H$amdr bmJob ho ñnï> Amho.

H$maImÝ`mÀ`m H$m`©joÌmVrb {~JagXñ`m§À`m CgmMm àíZ {H$Vr _moR>mAQ>rVQ>rMm ~Zcm Amho. Á`m eoVH$è`m§Zm gXñ` åhUyZ ‘mZm`bm H$maImZmV`ma ZìhVm Ë`m§Zr D$g ‘mÌ Amnë`m H$maImÝ`mgM KmVbm nm{hOo AgmH$m`©joÌmVrb H$maImÝ`m§Mm AmJ«h. {~JagXñ` eoVH$ar gmh{OH$M Amnë`m‘mbmbm OmñV ^md {‘imdm `mH$[aVm à`ËZ H$aUma. H$m`©joÌmVrcH$maImÝ`m~Ôb H$moUË`mhr àH$maMr {Zð>m ~miJÊ`mMo Ë`m§Zm H$mhrM H$maUZmhr. eoOmaÀ`m H$maImÝ`mbm D$g KmbÊ`mH$[aVm H$mhr {deof YS>nS>


YS>nS>rZo Ano{jV àûZm§gmR>r V`mar H$ê$Z narjoÀ`m {Xì`mVyZ AmnU nma nSy>ZOmdo, {ZXmZ EQ>rHo$Q>r {‘idmdr Aer Ë`m§Mr IQ>nQ> Mmcy hmoVo.

AW©ì`dñWoMm H$ma^ma gwì`dpñWV Mmcmdm `mgmR>r df©â gmVË`mZon[al‘ Ho$co Va {dÎm‘§Í`m§ZmXoIrc A§XmOnÌH$mÀ`m C§~aR>çmda Ymdni H$aÊ`mMrJaO nSy> Zò; nU Ago hmoV Zmhr. gmè`m ‘§{Ì‘§S>imV naamîQ´>, J¥h `mImË`m§À`m ~amo~arZo {dÎmImË`mMo ‘hÎd AgVo. {dÎm‘§Í`m§Zm cj KmcmdocmJUma Zmhr Aer H$moUVrM ‘hÎdmMr KQ>Zm ZgVo. gmh{OH$M, df© a {d{dYH$m‘m§À`m ì`mnmV {dÎm‘§Ìr AS>Hy$Z OmVmV.

gmYmaU ’o~«wdmar ‘{hÝ`mÀ`m gwédmVrcm Ë`m§Zm IS>~Sy>Z OmJ oVo. 26VmaIocm A§XmOnÌH$ gmXa H$am`Mo Amho. ‘J Vo PnmQ>çmZo V`marcm cmJVmV.Joë`m dfuÀ`m A§XmOnÌH$mV ‘m§S>coco IMm©Mo Am{U CËnÝZmMo A§XmO {H$VnVàË`jmV CVaco Am{U {H$Vr MwH$co hm ‘hÎdmMm ‘wÔm; nU Ë`mda XoIaoIàemgZ ì`dñWm R>odV AgVo. H$moUË`mhr jUr AÚ`mdV² AmH$So>dmar CncãYhmoVo. Anojonojm CËnÝZ H$‘r Agë`mg g§~§{YV ImË`m§Mr eonQ>r {naJmicrOmVo. IMm©nmoQ>r Pmcoë`m VaVwXtà‘mUo H$m ©H«$‘ nma nS>co ZgVrc Va Cacoë`m{Xdgm§V eŠ` {VVH$m IMm©Mm PnmQ>m cmdmdm cmJVmo.

Am`-ì``mMo A§XmO MwH$co Va Vr H$mhr ’$maer J§ ra JmoîQ> Zmhr. hoA§XmO MwH$VM AgVmV. Ë`m~Ôc gmadmgmad H$aUo ’$mago H$R>rU ZgVo.`mCcQ>, JVdfuÀ`m A§XmOnÌH$mV H$mhr {dd{jV AmûdmgZo {Xcocr AgVrcAm{U Ë`m{df`r H$mhr àJVr Pmcr Zgoc Va Ë`mda ‘mÌ g§gXoV JXmamoi CRy>eH$Vmo. ’o~«wdmar ‘{hÝ`mÀ`m gwédmVrÀ`m gw‘mamg {dÎm‘§Ìr Joë`m dfu {Xcoë`mAmûdmgZm§À`m VnmgUrg cmJVmV. §XmÀ`m dfu {dÎm‘§Ìr èd§V {gÝhm `m§Zmhr OmJ ’o~«wdmar ‘{hÝ`mÀ`m n{hë`m AmR>dS>çmV Amcr Agmdr.

Joë`m dfuÀ`m A§XmOnÌH$s ^mfUmV Ë`m§Zr Omhra Ho$co hmoVo, ""eoVr‘mcmMrdmhVyH$, gmR>dUyH$ d ì`mnma `m§darc ~§YZm§‘wio eoVH$ar AS>MUrV gmnS>Vmo......OrdZmdí`H$ dñVy§À`m H$m`ÚmÀ`m VaVwXr aÔ H$aÊ`mV òVrc.'' `mAWm©Mr Xd§S>r dfm©Zwdf} {dÎm‘§Ìr {nQ>V AgVmV; nU OrdZmí`H$ dñVy§À`mH$m`ÚmÀ`m VaVwXr aÔ H$aUo Eoè`mJ¡è`mMo H$m‘ Zmhr! Xwgè`m ‘hm wÕmÀ`mH$mimnmgyZ `m H$m`ÚmÀ`m VaVwXtMm dmna H$ê$Z eoVH$ar, BVa CËnmXH$ Am{Uì`mnmar `m§À`m ‘mJo ggo{‘am cmdyZ ñdV:Mo CIi nm§T>ao H$aUmè`m§Mr EH$O~aXñV ’$ir V`ma Pmcr Amho. EH$ doi H$mí‘raÀ`m àûZmda nwT>mar VS>OmoS>H$aÊ`mg V`ma hmoVrc; nU OrdZmdí`H$ dñVy§À`m H$m`ÚmV ‘mÌ H$mhrhr ~Xc

AS>moVrg{Z~ªY‘w³V gmIa Am{U{Z~ªY^³V gmIag‘«mQ>

emim-H$m°coOmVrc {dÚmÏ`mªZm Oer dm{f©H$ narjm VerM {dÎm‘§Í`m§ZmA§XmOnÌH$mÀ`m {XdgmMr H$gmoQ>r. A§XmOnÌH$ à{V{ZYrg ocm gmXa H$aVmZm{dÎm‘§Í`m§H$So> XmoZ Vmg, XyaXe©ZÀ`m ‘mÜ`‘mZo, gmè`m amîQ´>mMo cj cmJyZamhVo. Amnë`m A§XmOnÌH$s mfUmV {dÎm‘§Í`m§Zm AZoH$ H$am‘Vr H$ê$Z XmIdmì`mcmJVmV. Joë`m Am{W©H$ dfm©V EImXr AndmXmË‘H$ gwcjUr JmoîQ> KS>crAgoc {VMm ZJam {nQ>Uo, ~hwVm§e {dnarV KQ>Zm§da O‘oc {VVHo$ nm§Kê$UKmcUo, n§VàYmZm§Mr eŠ` {VVH$s Mmncwgr H$aUo, Amncm AW©emñÌmVcmAgcocm qH$dm Zgcocm A{YH$ma XmI{dUo, Hw$dVrà‘mUo g§ñH¥$V dmL²>‘`mMoqH$dm {ZXmZ ~mOmar eoamoemàrMo àXe©Z H$aUo BË`mXr BË`mXr AZoH$ H$am‘Vr{dÎm‘§Í`m§Zm H$ê$Z XmIdmì`m cmJVmV. `mV H$moR>ohr CUo nS>co Va Ë`m§Mr gmaramOH$s` H$maH$sX© YmoŠ`mV oÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm AgVo. `m EH$m {XdgmVrc XmoZVmgm§À`m H$am‘Vrda Ë`m§Mo gmao ^{dî` Q>m§JyZ AgVo.

dm{f©H$ narjoMo ‘hÎd AJXr CZmS> {dÚmÏ`mªZmgwÕm dfm©À`m gwédmVrnmgyZMn o$ ‘mhrV AgVo • EHo$ {Xder dm{f©H$ narjocm gm‘moao Omdo cmJUma Amho hoË`m§Zm n o$ ‘mhrV AgVo. EH$ {Xdg ‘mÀ`m Xa~mamV PmS>m Úmdm cmJUma AmhoAer lÕm Agcoco nmn^rê$ ^m{dH$gwÕm OrdmV Ord Agon ªV nwÊ`mMm añVmgmoSy>Z cË`mM añË`mcm cmJVmV, VgoM m {dÚmÏ`mªZmhr OdiÀ`m {MÌnQ>J¥hmVIoi, ZmQ>H$mMo à`moJ, ghcr, doJdoJiçm {ZdS>UwH$m Am{U "So>O' `m§Mm ‘mohH$mhr Q>miVm oV Zmhr. narjocm AOyZ doi Amho Ago ‘ZmMo g‘mYmZ H$arVCZmS> {dÚmWu Aä`mg ~mOycm R>odyZ gmao H$mhr H$m ©H«$‘ `Wmgm§J nma nmS>VmV.narjm ‘{hÝ`m XmoZ ‘{hÝ`m§da Amcr H$s ‘J ‘mÌ narjoÀ`m V`margmR>rKmoH§$nÅ>rcm gwédmV H$aVmV. df© a Aä`mg Ho$cm Zmhr Var eodQ>À`m ‘{hÝ`mVrc


H$maImÝ`m§Zm coìhrMm gmR>m gm§ miyZ R>odmdm cmJVmo. Ë`m‘wio AS>H$coë`maH$‘odaMo ì`mO ~wS>Vo. 1980 _Ü o eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo Cgmg§~§Yr Am§XmocZHo$co Ë`mdoir gmIaoÀ`m EHy$U CËnmXZmÀ`m 65 Q> o$ ^mJ gaH$ma gº$sZo dgycH$arV Ago. `m Q>¸o$dmarV H«$‘mH«$‘mZo ~Xc hmoV Vr gÜ`m ’$º$ n§YamdaR>odÊ`mV Amcr Amho. Cacocr gd© gmIa åhUOo 85 Q> o$ CËnmXZ ~§YZ‘wº$g‘Oco OmV Agco Var àË`jmV Ë`mMr {dëhodmQ> {X„rhyZ Omhra H$aÊ`mVoUmè`m ‘m{gH$ AmXoemà‘mUoM H$amdr cmJVo. AcrH$So> `m nÕVrV WmoS>m

~Xc H$ê$Z AmXoe Xa‘hm {ZKÊ`mEodOr VrZ ‘{hÝ`m§VyZ EH$Xm H$mT>Ê`mMrgwédmV Pmcr Amho.

gÜ`m ~hwVoH$ gmIa H$maImÝ`m§H$So> gmIaoMo àM§S> gmR>o nSy>Z AmhoV. Joë`mH$mhr H$mimV nm{H$ñVmZ‘YyZ gmIaoMr Or â‘gmQ> Am`mV H$aÊ`mV AmcrË`m‘wio gmIaoMo nSy>Z am{hcoco gmR>o A{YH$M dmT>co AmhoV. Jhy gmR>dÊ`mgJmoXm‘o ZmhrV Aer n[apñWVr XoemV V`ma Pmcr Ë`mg§~§Yr ~amM JmOmdmOmPmcm; nU àË oH$ H$maImÝ`mV gmÜ`m VmS>nÌrÀ`m AmS>moemZo hOmamo Q>Z gmIanSy>Z Amho `m~Ôc ’$magm JdJdm hmoV Zmhr. {H$aH$moi ~mOmamV gmIaoMm ^md13 é. {H$cmoda Jocm Amho Am{U Am§VaamîQ>r` ~mOmanoR>oV gmIaoMo ^md KgaVAmhoV. Ë`m‘wio ^maVmMr gmIa {Z`m©V hmoÊ`mMr ’$maer eŠ`Vm Zmhr.

gmIagmR>çm§Mr Aer c`cyQ> AgVmZm Zo‘Ho$ coìhrMm OmM Xya H$aÊ`mcm‘whyV© gmnS>mdm `m‘mJo ‘moR>o ahñ` Amho. OZVm XcmÀ`m H$mimV Mm¡YarMaUqgJ, eoVH$è`m§Mo VWmH${WV ‘grhm, gÎmoda AgVmZm gmIaoMo gmR>oAgoM ‘w~cH$ Pmco hmoVo. AmnU eoVH$è`m§Mo ‘moR>o {hV gm{YV AmhmoV AgmXoImdm H$ê$Z Mm¡YarOtZr gmIaodarc coìhr aÔ Ho$cr; Iwë`m ~mOmamVrcgmIaoMo ^md Kgaco, ehar J«hH$m§Zm Amåhr gmIa ñdñV H$ê$Z {Xcr åhUyZg‘mOdmXr W`W`m ZmMco. eoVH$è`m§da CgmMr C^r {nHo$ OmiyZ Q>mH$Ê`mMrdoi Amcr. D$gCËnmXH$m§À`m Ag§VmofmMm dUdm ^S>Hy$ cmJcm Vgo Mm¡YatZrH$mT>Vm nm` KoVcm Am{U coìhr ì`dñWm nwÝhm A‘cmV AmUcr.

OZVm XcmÀ`m Am‘XmZrV Pmcoë`m MwH$sMr nwZamd¥Îmr àemgZ H$m H$aVAmho?

Am§VaamîQ>r` ~mOmanoR>oV H$mngmMo ^md MT>o AgVmZm ‘hmamîQ>mVrc H$mnygCËnmXH$ eoVH$è`m§Zm EH$m{YH$mamÀ`m X§S>~oS>çm§V OISy>Z R>odUmao gaH$maAm§VaamîQ>r` ~mOmanoR>oV ‘§Xr oVmM H$mT>Vm nm` H$m KoVo?

g‘mOdmXmÀ`m ZmdmImcr dfm©Zwdf} Mmccoë`m nÕVr OmñV {eñVrZo Am{U

ghZ H$aUma ZmhrV. {dÎm‘§Í`m§Zr m {df`mda doJdoJiçm amÁ`m§À`m ‘w»`‘§Í`m§MrEH$ n[afX ~mocmdcr hmoVr. ZmJar nwadR>m‘§Í`m§Zr Ho$§Ð emgZmMr gmar O~m~XmaramÁ`m§da T>H$cÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm hmoVm. AmYrM Am{W©H$ V§JrÀ`m H$mÌrVgmnS>coë`m amÁ`m§À`m ‘w»`‘§Í`m§Zr nmMì`m doVZ Am`moJmÀ`m XwYmZo Vm|S>nmoië`mZ§Va OrdZmdí`H$ dñVy§Mm H$m`Xm aÔ H$aÊ`mÀ`m VmH$mH$So> g§e`mZonm{hco. åhUOo ‘moR>r n§MmB©VM Pmcr! AmVm g§gXog‘moa H$mhr XoImdm Va Ho$cmnm{hOo! ‘moR>çm VmVS>rZo ‘§{Ì‘§S>imMr g§‘Vr KoD$Z EH$ KmofUm H$aÊ`mVAmcr.

Jhy Am{U V‚mÝ` nXmW©, VgoM âS> YmÝò, S>mir Am{U cmoUr `mnXmWmªÀ`m {Z`m©Vrdarc ~§YZo hQ>dÊ`mV Amcr. H$m§ÚmÀ`m {Z`m©Vrg§~§YrH$moQ>mì`dñWm MmcyM amhUma Amho; nU Xadfu 7 cmI Q>Z {Z`m©VrMr emûdVrXoÊ`mV Amcr Amho. OJmÀ`m ~mOmamV, ~§YZ‘wº$ Ho$coë`m ‘mcmcm AmO’$magm dmd Zgë`mZo `m KmofUoV ’$magm H$mhr VÏ`m§e Zmhr. OrdZmdí`H$dñVy§À`m H$m`ÚmÀ`m O~S>çmVyZ EH$ S>PZâ dñVy dJiÊ`mV Amë`m AmhoV.{g‘|Q>, H$mnS> {JaUrMr §Ìgm‘J«r, aoe‘r H$mnS>, amOrdñÌo, cmoH$ar H$mnS>,YmJo BË`mXr BË`mXr. `m§V H$moUË`mM eoVr‘mcmMm g‘mdoe Zmhr.

eoVr‘mcmdarc {Z~ªY CR>{dÊ`mÀ`m ÑîQ>rZo EH$M ‘hÎdmMo nmD$c OmhraH$aÊ`mV Amco. gmIaodarc gº$sMr dgwcr åhUOo Hw$à»`mV "coìhr' aÔH$aÊ`mV oUma Amho. Ë`mgmR>r H$mhr nyd©AQ>r R>adÊ`mV Amë`m AmhoV. Ë`mAQ>tMo ñdê$n Ago Amho H$s Ë`m ZOrH$À`m H$mimV nyU© hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`VmZmhr. VarXoIrc, gmIaodarc gº$sMr dgwcr aÔ H$aÊ`mÀ`m KmofUoZo gmè`mgmIag‘«mQ>m§À`m ‘hmcm§V ‘moR>r K~amQ> CSy>Z Jocr Amho. dmZrZJa H$maImÝ`mMoAÜ`j lr. OmMH$ `m§Zr CKS>nUo coìhr g§nÊ`mÀ`m KmofUoMo ñdmJV Ho$coAmho. AmUIr XmoZ-Mma H$maImÝ`m§Mo AÜ`j ‘ZmVyZ ñdmJV H$arV AgVrc;nU Vo Omhra H$aÊ`mMr {hå‘V XmIdy eH$V ZgVrc. Eadr, ‘hmamîQ> amÁ`mV`m {ZU© mdarc à{V{H«$`m {deof Vrd« Amho. "eoVH$è`m§Zm CX²ÜdñV H$aUmamghH$ma{damoYr {ZU© ', "D$gCËnmXH$m§Zm g§H$Q>mV AmUUmam {ZU© ', "ghH$margmIaCÚmoJ ‘moS>rV H$mT>Umam {ZU© ', "ghH$mar gmIa H$maImZXmar {dZmemÀ`mC§~aR>çmda' Aem à{V{H«$`m gmIag‘«mQ>m§Zr {Xë`m AmhoV.

aoeZ XwH$mZmV H$mS>m©da ñdñV ^mdmZo gmIa XoVm `mdr `mgmR>r àË oH$H$maImÝ`mÀ`m CËnmXZmn¡H$s H$mhr ^mJ gaH$ma Iwë`m ~mOmamnojm H$‘r ^mdmZogº$sZo dgyc H$aVo. CËnmXZ h§Jm‘mV hmoVo, dmQ>n df©â hmoVo; Ë`m‘wio,


nwT>mar gaH$maXa~mar Agcoco dOZ dmnê$Z H$maImÝ`mMm nadmZm {‘idy eH$Vmo.Ë`m‘wio ZìdX-e§â H$moQ>r énò Ioim`cm {‘iy eH$VmV. Aem ghH$marH$maImZXmar‘wio V§ÌkmZ OwZo~wagoM dmnaco OmVo; ~mOmanoR> {‘iÊ`mMm {dMmahrghH$ma‘hfvZm d‘Zàm` dmQ>Vmo! R>am{dH$ àH$maMr gmIa gaH$mar ‘XVrZo~mOmamV IndÊ`mÀ`m ì`dñWoÀ`m Vo AmYrZ Pmco AmhoV. ‘hmamîQ´>mVrcghH$mamcm ñnY}Mo dmdSo> Amho. `m‘wio gmao gmIag‘«mQ> EH$gwamV H$moëhoHw$B©H$arV AmhoV.

Mm¡Yar MaUqgJm§À`m H$mimV emgZmZo coìhr CR>dÊ`mAmYr AS>rAS>MUrÀ`màg§Jr Cn`moJr nS>Ê`mgmR>r n`m©ßV gmR>m H$ê$Z R>odcm nm{hOo hmoVm Aer EH${dYm`H$ gyMZm H$aÊ`mV Amcr hmoVr. H$moUmhr gmIa H$maImZXmamZo "emgZmZoH$maImÝ`m-H$maImÝ`m§V gmR>coë`m gmIaoÀ`m nmoË`m§Mm {ZMam H$amdm' Aer‘mJUr Ho$cocr Zmhr. `mMm AW©, "gº$sÀ`m dgwcrÀ`m ~oS>çm§IoarO AmåhrMmcy eH$V Zmhr' Agm hm H$~wcrO~m~ Amho. coìhrMr ì`dñWm eoVH$è`m§Zm{dfmà‘mUo dmQ>Vo Am{U H$maImZXmam§Zm Vr A‘¥Vd„r dmQ>Vo. `mnojm A{YH${dXmaH$ {MÌ AgyM eH$V Zmhr.

gmIa H$maImZXmam§À`m AmH«$moemV AmUIr EH$ ‘moR>r, åhQ>co Va J‘VrMråhQ>co Va {d{MÌ JmoîQ> Amho. da åhQ>ë`mà‘mUo coìhr nÕV aÔ H$aÊ`mgmR>rgaH$maZo H$mhr AQ> KmVcr Amho. AcrH$So>M gaH$maZo gmIaoMm dm`Xo~mOmaMmcy H$aÊ`mgmR>r VrZ nadmZo {Xco AmhoV. m nadmÝ`m§Zwgma gmIaoMm dm`Xo~mOmaR>mH$R>rH$ H$m‘ H$ê$ cmJcm åhUOo Z§VaM coìhrMr dgwcr ~§X ìhm`Mr Amho.`m nyd©AQ>r~Ôc H$moUr H$maImZXmamZo eãXhr H$mT>cocm Zmhr. dm`Xo~mOma hoH$m` àH$aU Amho ho Ë`m§Zm ‘mhrV Zmhr Ago åhUUo H$R>rU Amho. dm`Xo~mOmaåhUOo EoVImD$ gQ>mo{S> m§Zm "{X`m, {c`m H$ê$Z JS>J§O Z’$m {‘i{dÊ`mMrì`dñWm' Aer H$ënZm g‘mOdmXmÀ`m H$mimV ê$T> Pmcr hmoVr. Ë`m‘wioH$Xm{MV, gaH$maZo dm`Xo~mOma H$m ©j‘nUo MmcÊ`mÀ`m KmVcoë`m AQ>rH$So>H$maImZXma Xwc©j H$arV AgVrc.

(eoVH$ar g§KQ>H$, 2002)

gmo rñH$anUo {dg{O©V H$aVm oUma ZmhrV H$m`?OmJ{VH$ ~mOmamV VoOr Amcr Am{U H$mnyg CËnmXZmÀ`m V§ÌkmZmdarc gd©

~§YZo Xya Pmcr åhUOo gmd{MÎmnUo gaH$mar IaoXrcm g‘m§Va ImOJr IaoXrcmdmT>Vm dmd XoD$Z H$mnyg EH$m{YH$mamZo Wmgm§J {dgO©Z eŠ` Amho. Ë`mà‘mUoM,g‘mOdmXmÀ`m H$mimV ghH$ma ì`dñWm Am{U gmIa CÚmoJ nmoIê$Z Q>mH$UmarOr ì`dñWm hmoVr Vr Xya H$ê$Z Am{U gÜ`m CÚmoJmÀ`m Camda gmR>coë`mgmIaoÀ`m nmoË`m§À`m Wßnr Xya H$ê$Z coìhr aÔ H$aÊ`mMo nmD$c CMcVm AmcoAgVo.

‘hmamîQ>mVrc ghH$ma ‘hfvZr coìhr aÔ H$aÊ`mÀ`m nÕVr~Ôc dm à{H«$ o~ÔcQ>rH$m Ho$cocr Zmhr; Ë`m§Mm {damoY coìhr aÔ H$aÊ`mÀ`m H$ënZocmM Amho.H$moUr EH$ CËnmXH$ H$maImZXma Ë`mÀ`m CËnmXZmn¡H$s EH$ g‚mS> ^mJ gaH$maZogº$sZo dgyc H$ê$Z KoD$Z Omdm Agm AmJ«h YaVmo ho Ñí`M ‘moR>o {d{MÌ Amho.coìhr gmIaoMo md BVa ‘mcm§À`m AmYma yV {H$_Vtà‘mUo gd© Xoeâ EH$gmaIoZgVmV. ‘hmamîQ>, JwOamV, Vm{‘iZmSy> `m§gma»`m amÁ`m§V, OoWo EH$ar CËnmXZd eH©$am§e A{YH$ Amho VoWo, coìhrMr {H$_V H$‘r AgVo. {~hma, Amo[agmgma»`mamÁ`m§V, OoWo EH$ar CËnmXZ d eH©$am§e H$‘r VoWo, A{YH$ {H§$_V XoÊ`mMr,amOH$maUr nwT>mè`m§À`m gmo rMr nÕV Amho. {~hma, Amo[agmgma»`m, CgmMoX[aÐr nrH$ KoUmè`m amÁ`m§V coìhr CR>dÊ`m{déÕ JXmamoi CR>cm AgVm Va Vog‘OÊ`mgmaIo hmoVo. coìhrMm gdm©V H$‘r ^md {‘iUmè`m ‘hmamîQ´>mVrcgmIag‘«mQ>m§Zr "Am‘À`m hmVmnm`m§Vë`m X§S>-~oS>çm H$mT>m hmo@' Agm JimH$mT>mdm `mV ‘hmamîQ>mVrc ghH$mar H$maImZXmarMo eoVH$arÛoîQ>o ñdê$n ñnîQ>hmoVo.

MrZ XoemV nydm©nmanmgyZ ‘wctMo nm` chmZ AgUo ho gm¢X`m©Mo cjU‘mZco OmB©. Ë`mgmR>r OÝ‘mnmgyZM Ë`m§Mo nm` KÅ> ~m§YyZ R>odrV. H$å w{ZñQ>H«$m§VrZ§Va `m XwîQ> nÕVrda ~§Xr KmcÊ`mV Amcr. Á`m§Mo nm` nydu ~m§YcocohmoVo Vohr ‘moH$io H$aÊ`mMo hwHy$‘ gwQ>co. "nÅ>çm H$mT>ë`mZ§Va nm`mV aº$ dmhycmJco, Ë`mÀ`m Agø doXZm gmogdoZmV åhUyZ Am‘Mo nm` ~m§YcocoM R>odm'Aer hmH$mQ>r Ë`m ‘wctÀ`m dVrZo H$aÊ`mV Amcr. ‘hmamï>mVrc gmIa H$maImZXma"coìhrMo ~§YZ Mmcy R>odm' Aer Or hmH$mQ>r H$aVmV Ë`m‘mJohr, AgmM,XyadaÀ`m H$ë`mUmMm {dMma Zmhr.

‘hmamîQ>mVrc gmIa H$maImZXmar hr nyU©V: amOH$s` Ioir Amho. H$moQ>r XmoZH$moQ>r én`m§Mo ^m§S>dc eoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z O‘m H$aÊ`mMo H$g~ Agcocm H$moUrhr


69.50 énò (CÎma àXoegmR>r 73.50 é.) {H$‘mZ d¡Ym{ZH$ {H$_VrMrKmofUm Ho$cr Agoc Va CgmÀ`m {H$_Vr ’$maM ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV dmT>{dë`mgmaIohmoB©c, Á`m AmOÀ`m n[apñWVrV CËnmXH$mÀ`m hmVr nS>Uo Ho$di AeŠÀmho. "ZB© Xw{Z`m'‘Üò Ë`m~Ôc H$mhr C„oI Zgcm Var dmT>rd gmIaCVmè`mgmR>r {Xcr OmUmar dmT>rd {H$_V ({à{‘`‘) OwZrM åhUOo CVmè`mVrcnwT>rc àË`{H$ 0.1 Q>ŠŠ`mgmR>r à{V q¹$Q>c 76 n¡go R>odcr Amho Ago J¥hrVYaco Var n§VàYmZm§Zr Ho$coë`m KmofUoVrc dmT> Ho$di 5 énò Z amhVm Vrà{Vq¹$Q>c 23 énò (CÎma àXoegmR>r 27 énò) òB©c. gÜ`m B§J«Or Jwcm~rdV©‘mZnÌo qH$dm B§Q>aZoQ>À`m ‘m{hVrOmcmer g§nH©$ Zgë`m‘wio n§VàYmZm§ZrCgmMr {H$‘mZ d¡Ym{ZH$ {H$_V q¹$Q>ccm 5 én`m§Zr dmT>{dcr Amho H$m 23én`m§Zr ho ‘cm H$iUo H$R>rU Amho! CÎma àXoemgmR>r hr dmT> à{Vq¹$Q>c 27é. åhUOo à{VQ>Z 270 énò hmoB©c. gai gai hr AeŠ` H$moQ>rVrc JmoîQ>Amho. ho ‘wÐmamjgmMr MyH$ qH$dm Cng§nmXH$mMr Sw>cH$s `m‘wio Pmco Agmdo`mMr ImÌr AgyZhr ‘r `m JmoîQ>rMm BVH$m D$hmnmoh Ho$cm Vmo EdT>çmMgmR>rH$s, AJXr ‘hÎdmÀ`m Am{W©H$ KQ>Zm§À`m dmVmªH$ZmÀ`m ~m~VrV Amnë`mXoemV {H$Vr namH$moQ>rMo Xm[aÐç Amho ho {ZXe©Zmg `mdo. `m {df`mda Z§VaH$mhr nÌì`dhmamdahr à{gÕ Pmcocm {XgV Zmhr.

n§VàYmZm§Zr Kmo{fV Ho$cocr dmT> gd© amÁ`m§V à{Vq¹$Q>c 5 énò Am{UCÎma àXoemgmR>r 9 énò Agcr Varhr H$mhr J§^ra àûZ V`ma hmoD$ eH$VmV.

Amnmnë`m H$maImÝ`mMm Joë`m h§Jm‘mVrc gmIa CVmam Am{U VmoS>Ur ddmhVyH$ IM© `m§À`m AmYmamZo 20 {S>g|~aÀ`m KmofUoÀ`m AmYrÀ`m {H$‘mZd¡Ym{ZH$ {H$_VrVrc n{hcr CMc Z XoUmè`m gmIa H$maImÝ`m§À`m {damoYmV‘hmamîQ´>mVrc D$gCËnmXH$ eoVH$è`m§Zr CÎma àXoemVrc eoVH$è`m§À`mhr{H$ËòH$ AmR>dSo> AmYrnmgyZ Am§XmocZ Mmc{dco Amho. ‘hmamîQ´>mVrc àËòH$ghH$mar gmIa H$maImÝ`mMm gmIa CVmam doJdoJim Amho. H$maImZm{Zhm`cmJdS>, ‘emJV d JminmMo ì`dñWmnZ `m§Mr H$m`©j‘Vm `m§gh AZoH$KQ>H$m§Mm {dMma H$ê$Z hm CVmam R>a{dcm OmVmo. Ë`mMà‘mUo àË oH$ H$maImÝ`mMmVmoS>Ur d dmhVyH$ IM©hr AcJ AcJ AgVmo. "{H$‘mZ d¡Ym{ZH$ {H$_V' `mg§H$ënZoMr ì`m»`m V§VmoV§V cjmV KoVcr Va eoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z KoVcoë`mCgmÀ`m {H$_VrnmoQ>r nwT>rc gyÌmà‘mUo n{hcr CMc D$g KoVë`mnmgyZ XmoZAmR>dS>çm§À`m AmV XoUo H$m`ÚmZo ~§YZH$maH$ Amho.

EHw$UMmirg

amOH$maU nwao,gmIaoÀ¶m AW©H$maUmMo nmhm

Aem KmofUm ghgm H¥${f‘§Ìr H$aVmV; H$mhr doim Vmo ‘mZ amÁ`‘§Í`m§Zmhr{Xcm OmVmo; nU 19 {S>g|~a 2002 amoOr cmoH$gô‘Üò ñdV: n§VàYmZ Côam{hco Am{U Ë`m§Zr CgmMr {H$‘mZ d¡Ym{ZH$ {H$_V Xa q¹$Q>ccm 64.50én`m§dê$Z 69.50 én`m§n`ªV åhUOo 5 én`m§Zr dmT>{dÊ`mV òV Agë`mMrKmofUm Ho$cr. CÎma àXoemV gwê$ Agcoë`m D$gCËnmXH$m§À`m Am§XmocZmg§X^m©VcmoH$gôV Mmccoë`m MM}‘Üò hñVjon H$arV n§VàYmZm§Zr hr KmofUm Ho$crAgcr Var hr dmT> XoemVrc gd© amÁ`m§Vrc Cgmcm cmJy amhrc; CÎmaàXoemVrc D$gCËnmXH$m§Zm à{Vq¹$Q>c AmUIr 4 énò OmXm XoÊ`mV òB©c.Cgmcm Omhra Pmcoë`m {H$‘mZ d¡Ym{ZH$ {H$_Vr m 8.5 Q>¸o$ gmIa CVmè`mÀ`mCgmgmR>r AgVmV.

Z‘©Xm n[aH«$‘oÀ`m {Z{‘ÎmmZo gÜ`m ‘r Á`m ^mJm§VyZ ^«‘§Vr H$arV AmhoVoWo B§J«Or ^mfoVrc Jwcm~r dV©‘mZnÌm§Mo Xe©Z Xwc©^ Amho. `m ^mJm§VrcOZVocm dmMm`cm {‘iVmV Vr qhXr mfoVrc dV©‘mZnÌo. Am{W©H$ ~mVå`m§À`m~maH$mì`m§À`m VnehcmV hr dV©‘mZnÌo {eaVM ZmhrV. Ë`m {Xder ‘mÂ`mdmMZmV Amco Vo "ZB© Xw{Z`m' ho dV©‘mZnÌ - gd©Xya nmohmoMUmao Am{U‘mÝ`VmàmßV. n§VàYmZm§Zr Ho$coë`m darc KmofUoMo d¥Îm XoVmZm Ë`mV åhQ>cohmoVo H$s "{H$‘mZ d¡Ym{ZH$ {H$_Vr'Vrc hr dmT> 6 Q>¸o$ gmIa CVmè`mÀ`mCgmgmR>r Amho. H$moR>oVar H$mhrVar MwH$Vo Amho `m~Ôc ‘mÂ`m ‘ZmV ImÌrhmoVr. XeH$mZwXeHo$ CgmMr {H$‘mZ d¡Ym{ZH$ {H$_V hr 8.5 gmIa CVmè`mÀ`mCgmÀ`m g§X^m©Zo R>a{dcr OmV Amhoo. n§VàYmZm§Zr IamoIarM 6 Q> o$ CVmè`mgmR>r


Joë`m Vrg-Mmirg dfmªV eoVH$è`m§À`m Ordmda {R>H${R>H$mUr Cä`mam{hcoë`m gmIagm‘«mÁ`m§Mo AÜd`y© åhUVmV H$s, gmIa H$maImÝ`m§H$So> Z{dH$coë`m gmIaoMo ‘moR>o gmR>o nSy>Z AmhoV. Vo gmR>o {ZH$mcmV H$mT>UoOJâÀ`m gÜ`mÀ`m ‘§Xr‘wio eŠ` hmoV Zmhr. Ë`m‘wio Cgmcm {H$‘mZd¡Ym{ZH$ {H§$_V H$maImZo XoD$ eH$V ZmhrV. ho gmR>o H$‘r H$aÊ`mgmR>rgaH$maZo H$maImÝ`m§Zm ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda ‘XV H$aÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm Amho.eoVH$è`m§Mo åhUUo Amho H$s H$m`Xoera {H$_Vrnojm H$‘r {H$_VrV D$gIaoXr H$aÊ`mMm ~oH$m`Xoera H$ma^ma H$aÊ`mnojm H$m`Xoera {H$‘mZ {H$_VXoD$ Z eH$Umao H$maImZo ~§X nS>UoM Mm§Jco.

n{hcm àûZ C^m amhVmo H$s {H$‘mZ d¡Ym{ZH$ {H$_VrVrc dmT>rg§~§YrKmofUo‘mJo n[apñWVr‘Üò H$mhr ’$aH$ nS>mdm Agm IaoM H$mhr hoVy AmhoH$m? gaH$maZo 20 cmI Q>Z gmIaoMm A{V[aº$ gmR>m H$aÊ`mMrhr KmofUmHo$cr Amho. Ë`mMà‘mUo, D$gCËnmXH$m§Mr XoUo ~mH$s ^mJ{dVm `mdr `mgmR>r786 H$moQ>r énò ~mOycm H$mTy>Z R>odco AmhoV. `m OwO~r Cnm``moOZm§ZrgmIag‘ñòÀ`m gmoS>dUwH$sMr gwédmVgwÕm hmoUma Zmhr.

\$ma H$mimnmgyZ ‘hmamîQ´>mVrc gmIaY§Xm gaH$maH$Sy>Z {‘iUmè`mpIamnVrdaM VJyZ Amho. AmVm gmIa CÚmoJmZo Amnco ~ñVmZ ì`dpñWV~g{dÊ`mMr doi òD$Z R>oncr Amho. àËòH$ H$maImÝ`mÀ`m n[apñWVrMmdñVw{ZîR> AmT>mdm KoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. Oo H$maImZo H$mhr Cnm``moOZmH$ê$Z dmM{dVm òÊ`mgmaIo AmhoV Vo dmM{dÊ`mgmR>r Jm§^r`m©Zo à`ËZìhm`cm hdoV. amOH$s` cmJo~m§Yo d gmo` `m ncrH$So> Á`m§À`m ApñVËdmcmH$mhr g‘W©Z Zmhr Ago H$maImZo Iwemc ~§X Pmco nm{hOoV. eodQ>r cmI‘mocmMm àûZ CaVmoM: {H$‘mZ d¡Ym{ZH$ {H§$_V XoÊ`mg§~§Yr Á`m H$m`XoeraVaVwXr AmhoV Ë`m§Mm {H$‘mZ d¡Ym{ZH$ {H§$_V XoÊ`mMo ZmH$mê$Z §J H$aUmam§{déÕAm{U Vgo H$aÊ`mMr Ë`m§Zm ’y$g cmdUmam§{déÕ H$S>H$ H$m`Xoera Am{UX§S>mË‘H$ H$madmB© H$aÊ`mMr {X„r gaH$maMr V`mar Amho H$m? Vgo Zgoc Vag‘ñ`m {ZdmaUmÀ`m ZmdmImcr A{V[aº$ {ZYr XoÊ`mÀ`m Am{U gmIaoMmA{V[aº$ gmR>m V`ma H$aÊ`mÀ`m àñVmdm‘wio g‘ñ`m àË`jmV AmUIrZMOQ>rc ~ZÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho. H$maU, Aem Am`Ë`m ‘XVrMr eŠ`Vm g‘moa{Xgcr Va H$m`©j‘Vm dmT>dyZ Am{U H$ma^ma gwYmê$Z H$maImÝ`mcm g‘ñòVyZ~mhoa H$mT>Ê`mMr H$moUr YS>nS>M H$aUma ZmhrV.

n{hcr CMc = {H$‘mZ d¡Ym{ZH$ {H$_V + (8.5%) • 76 • (VmoS>Urd dmhVyH$ IM©)

‘hmamîQ´>mVrc gmIa H$maImÝ`m§Mm 2001-2002 gmIa h§Jm‘mVrc gamgargmIa CVmam 11.86 Q>¸o$ Va VmoS>Ur d dmhVwH$sMm gamgar IM© 180 énòà{VQ>Z Amho. åhUOo, ‘hmamîQ´>mVrc CgmMr gamgar {H$‘mZ d¡Ym{ZH$ {H$_VOwÝ`m XamZo 880 énò à{V Q>Z hmoVo. (ZdrZ Xamà‘mUo, AWm©VM, 930énò). Ë`mVyZ VmoS>Ur d dmhVyH$ IM© dOm Ho$cm Va CgmÀ`m {H$_VrMrn{hcr CMc gamgar 700 énò à{VQ>Z hmoVo. H$maImZm{Zhm` n{hcr CMcgw‘mao 650 Vo 1000 énò à{VQ>Z hmoB©c. ‘hmamîQ´> gaH$maZo AmXoe H$mT>cmAmho H$s H$moUË`mhr gmIa H$maImÝ`mZo gmIa g§MmcH$m§Mr nyd©g§‘VrKoVë`m{edm` CgmMr n{hcr CMc à{V Q>Z 560 én`m§nojm OmñV XoD$ Zò.hm AmXoeM ‘wimV JwÝhm H$aÊ`mg ’y$g cmdUmam Amho. gmh{OH$M, eoVH$ar{MSy>Z CR>co. eoVH$è`m§À`m ‘Vo Ho$§Ð gaH$maZo {H$‘mZ d¡Ym{ZH$ {H$_VrVdmT> H$aÊ`mEodOr H$maImÝ`m§Zr ‘wimVrc {H$‘mZ d¡Ym{ZH$ {H$_VD$gCËnmXH$m§Zm àË`jmV Úmdr `mgmR>r nmdco CMcm`cm hdr Am{U OoH$maImZo Ver {H$_V Z XoVm gmIa AmXoe 1966 Mm ^§J H$arV AmhoV dVgo H$aÊ`mg Or amÁ` gaH$mao Ë`m§Zm ’y$g cmdrV AmhoV Ë`m§À`m{déÕ H$R>moaH$madmB© H$am`cm hdr hmoVr.

H$moëhmnya, gm§Jcr, gmVmam {Oëøm§Vrc D$g CËnmXH$ eoVH$è`m§Zr eoVH$arg§KQ>ZoÀ`m P|S>çmImcr Am§XmocZ H$ê$Z npûM‘ ‘hmamîQ´>mVrc gmIaH$maImÝ`m§Zm D$g nwadR>m H$aUo n[aUm‘H$maH$arË`m Wm§~{dco. H$maImZXmam§ZrJw§S>m§H$adr XheV {Z‘m©U H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm. amÁ` gaH$maZo ~imMmdmna ‘m¡Oo {S>J«Oda EoZ ‘ÜàmÌr JUdoeYmar "Jw§S>m§'À`m h„çmÀ`mA{VaoH$mn`ªV Am§XmocZ ‘moSy>Z H$mT>Ê`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm. àemgH$s` `§ÌUoZohr~m¡{ÕH$ `w{º$dmXm§‘Üò Am§XmocZmÀ`m ZoË`m§Zm AS>H${dÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm.`m Am{U Aem H$moUË`mhr X~mdmnwT>o Z Z‘Vm D$gCËnmXH$m§Zr eoVH$arg§KQ>Zodarc {ZîR>m H$m`‘ R>odyZ Am§XmocZ MmcyM R>odco Am{U EH$mnmR>monmR>EH$ gmIa H$maImÝ`m§Zm VS>OmoS>rMm Xa åhUyZ n{hcr CMc gagH$Q> 750énò à{VQ>Z XoUo ^mJ nmS>co. Ë`mVrc ~è`mM H$maImÝ`m§À`m ~m~VrV{H$‘mZ H$m`Xoera {H$_V 750 én`m§nojm ~arM OmñV hmoVo. AmVm nwUo{OëømVrc D$gCËnmXH$m§Zr Am§XmocZ nwT>o Mmcy Ho$co Amho.


H$O©~ir

eoVH$è¶m§À¶m AmË‘hË¶m

n§VàYmZm§Zr Ho$coë`m m KmofUm§‘wio gÎmmê$T> amîQ´>r` cmoH$emhr AmKmS>rcmWmoS>r’$ma Cg§V {‘iÊ`mIoarO Xwgao H$mhr gmYUma Zmhr ho g‘Om`cm ’$magoH$R>rU OmD$ Z o. gmIagmR>m dmT>{dÊ`mZo gmIa H$maImÝ`m§‘Ü o nSy>Z Agcoë`mgmR>çmVrc daMm Wahr hcUma Zmhr. 786 H$moQ>r én`m§À`m {ZYrMr VaVyX’$º$ CÎma àXoemVrc D$g CËnmXH$m§Mr XoUr ^mJ{dÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Ho$crAgë`mMo gaigai {XgVo Amho. Ë`m‘wio, `m {ZYr‘wio ‘hmamîQ´>mVrcgmIa g‘ñ`oÀ`m n[apñWVrV H$mhrhr ’$aH$ nS>Uma Zmhr.

Vgo nm{hco Va CÎma àXoemVrc eoVH$è`m§Mo Am§XmocZ Ë`m ‘mZmZo H$‘rVrd«VoMo Am{U WmoS>çm H$ÀÀ`m nm`mdaMo Amho. CgmMr VoWrc amÁ` àem{gV{H$_V {H$‘mZ d¡Ym{ZH$ {H$_Vrnojm ~arM A{YH$ Amho. D$gCËnmXH$m§ZmË`mhyZ A{YH$ {H$_V hdr Amho Ë`mgmR>r ho Am§XmocZ Amho; nU eodQ>r CÎmaàXoe hm CÎma àXoe Amho Am{U g§gXoÀ`m XmoÝhr g^mJ¥hmV VoWrc D$gCËnmXH$m§Mr ~mOy ~è`mn¡H$s ‘m§S>cr OmVo. CÎma àXoe amOYmZrnmgyZ ~amMOdi Agë`m‘wio {X„r hr {H$gmZ ‘moMm©À`m ’$Q>Š`mÀ`m A§VamV AmhoAm{U ‘hmamîQ´>, Vm{_iZmSy> `m§gma»`m amÁ`m§nojm CÎma àXoemVrc {ZXe©Zm§ZrYmñVmdyZ OmÊ`mMr {X„rûdam§Mr na§namM Amho. Ë`mV Am{U gÜ`m Va CÎmaàXoemVrc D$g CËnmXH$m§Mo ZoVo g§gX ^dZmcmM YS>H$m XoV AmhoV. Ë`m‘wioHo$§Ð emgZmÀ`m {ZU©`mda ‘hmamîQ´>mVrc Am§XmocZmnojm CÎma àXoemVrcAm§XmocZmMr N>mn Amho ho g‘OÊ`mgmaIo Amho. ‘hmamîQ´>mV H$m±J«ogMr gÎmmAmho Am{U CÎma àXoemV ^mOnmÀ`m {‘ÌnjmMr ho AmUIrhr EH$ H$maU AgyeH$Vo.

gÜ`m gwê$ Agcoco ho D$g Am§XmocZ e‘m`cm AOyZ Iyn AdYr Amho.AmVmn`ªV Pmco Vr ZwgVr gcm‘r hmoVr. CÎma àXoe nwT>rc MT>mB©Mr AmIUrH$arV Amho. JwOamVgwÕm ’$ma ‘mJo amhrc Ago dmQ>V Zmhr. qhXwñWmZmVrcEHy$UM gmIa CÚmoJmMr n[apñWVr gwYmam`cm cmJÊ`mAmYrM AmUIr{~KS>Ê`mMr ^rVr Amho.



nmhdbo Zmhr åhUyZ gmè`m H$ano Hw$Qw>§~mZo {df àmeZ H$ê$Z BhbmoH$ `mÌmg§n{dbr.

EH$Q>çmXwH$Q>çm AmË‘hËòÀ`m àH$aUmV n[apñWVrMo g§nyU© {ZXmZ H$R>rUAgVo. Am{W©H$ AmnÎmr‘mJo H$mhr d¡`{º$H$ XwX¡©dmÀ`mhr H$Wm bnboë`mAgVmV; nU 300 eoVH$ar, VrZ amÁ`m§Vrb, doJdoJù`m {Oëøm§Vrb, Xyada{dIwaboë`m IoS>çmnmS>çm§V-‘{hÝ`m XmoZ ‘{hÝ`m§À`m H$mbmdYrV Aem{Zdm©UrÀ`m {ZU©`mbm òVmV; hr Aer AmË‘hË`m§Mr bmJU H$er Pmbr?

H$mhr ‘mZgemók Am{U g‘mOemór åhUVmV H$s AmË‘hË`m§Mr àH$aUonw§OŠ`mZo KS>VmV. Ord OJdmdm, Ë`mgmR>r namH$moQ>rMr YS>nS> H$amdr Aergmè`m Ord‘mÌm§Mr àoaUm AgVo; nU Hw$Qw>§~mVrb H$moUr Ord {Xbm, JmdmVH$moUr ’$mer bmdyZ KoVbr qH$dm g‘mOmVhr Aem XmoZMma h{H$H$Vr KS>ë`mMoH$mZmda nS>bo H$s gmè`m {dnÎmrMr A§V H$aÊ`mMm AmË‘hË`m hm EH$ ‘mJ©Agy eH$Vmo `m H$ënZoMm ‘ZmV àdoe hmoVmo Am{U Vr H$ënZm R>mU ‘m§Sy>Z~gVo. ‘§S>bàH$aUr EH$m Jmoñdm‘rZo AmË‘XhZmMm à`ËZ Ho$bm `mMr ~mV‘rngaVmM e§âmda VéU {dÚmÏ`mªZr ñdV:bm noQ>dyZ KoVbo. Zì`mZo b½ZPmboë`m VéUrg gmgar OmM Agbm Va {VÀ`m ‘ZmV nQ>H$Z Ord XoD$ZgwQ>H$m H$ê$Z ¿`mdr Agm {dMma òVmo; H$maU AZoH$ VéUr§Zr Ago Ho$ë`mMo{VÀ`m H$mZr nS>bobo AgVo. AmË‘hËòMm {ZU©`M Zìho, Va gmYZhm AemMnÕVrZo R>aVo. Zd{ddm{hVm ñdV…bm noQ>dyZ KoVmV; eoVH$ar H$sQ>H$ZmeHo${nVmV. àËòH$ eoVH$è`mÀ`m KamV hr H$sQ>H$ZmeHo$ ghO CnbãY AgVmVho H$maU Pmbo; nU Ë`m~amo~a {df {nD$Z Ord {Xboë`m eoVH$è`m§À`mH$hmÊ`m H$mZmdê$Z Joë`m Agë`m åhUOo {Odmbm H§$Q>miboë`m eoVH$è`m§MohmV AmnmoAmnM H$sQ>H$ZmeH$mÀ`m ~mQ>brH$So> diVmV,

Xhm dfmªnydu AmË‘hË`m§Mr àH$aUo KS>br Voìhm ‘r Am§Y« àXoemVrbàH$me‘² {OëømV Jobmo hmoVmo. Á`m Á`m Hw$Qw>§~m§Vrb ‘mUgm§Zr Ord {Xbm Ë`mgmè`m§Zm ôQ>bmo. gmè`m§Mr H$‘©H$Wm OdiOdi EH$gmaIrM. ñdV…MrEH$XmoZ EH$a O‘rZ Agbobo N>moQ>o eoVH$ar H$mngmMo nrH$ O‘bo Va EH$arnmMoH$ hOma énò hmVr nS>Vrb Aem AmeoZo nmMghm EH$a O{‘Zr ^mSo>nÅ>rZoKoVmV, KaÀ`m bú‘rMo XmJXm{JZo JhmU Q>mH$VmV, {~`mUo IarXVmV, IVoAm¡fY IarXVmV Am{U H$mnygeoVrÀ`m OwJmambm bmJVmV. Ë`mdfu nmdgmZoS>moio dQ>mabo, {H$S>r§Mo Ago O~añV hëë`mda hëbo Pmbo H$s Vo AmQ>moŠ`mV

Mmirg

‘mam, ‘ê$ ZH$m!

{XëbrV Zdo gaH$ma Ambo Amho. gmè`m Xoeâ MMm©, Zì`m gaH$maMrOwidmOwid, Ë`mH$[aVm hmoUmar XodKod, Ymd’$i `m§H$So> doYbo Jobo Amho.A§mY« àXoemg§~§Yr ~mVå`m òVmV Ë`m M§Ðm~m~y Zm`Sy> gÎmoMm Ioi {H$VrMbmIrZo IoiV AmhoV `m~Ôb. H$Zm©Q>H$mV gÎmogmR>r AerM añgrIoMMmby Amho. ‘hmamï´>mV ‘w»`‘§Ìr Am{W©H$ g‘ñ`m§Zr nrS>bobo, {damoYH$m§ZrMonbobo Am{U Ë`mhrnojm, VmiV§Ì gmoS>boë`m " [a‘moQ> H§$Q´>mob Zo ^m§~mdbobo`mg§~§Yr ~mVå`m òVmV. Am§Y« àXoemVrb dma§Ji {OømV 280 (AmH$S>m28 ‘mM© 98 Mm) eoVH$è`m§Zr AmË‘hË`m Ho$br. H$Zm©Q>H$mVrb 20 eoVH$è`m§ZrOrd {Xbm, ‘hmamï´>mVhr hm AmH$S>m 16 n`©V nmoMcm Amho. EdT>çm ‘moR>çmg§»`Zo H$moUË`mhr gwg§ñH¥$V XoemV AmË‘hË`m Pmë`m AgË`m Va gmè`mdV©‘mZnÌm§Zr AmR>dSo> Z² AmR>dS>o `m EH$m {df`mdaM {b{hbo AgVo.{h§XwñWmZmV eoVH$è`m§À`m AmË‘hË`m `m {df`mV dV©‘mZnÌm§À`m dmMH$m§Zmag Zmhr, Ë`m‘wio {H$aH$moi CëboImnbrH$So> H$mhr N>mnbo OmV Zmhr.

VrZ amÁ`m§V 300 À`m da eoVH$è`m§Zr Ord {Xbm. OJUo AJXrM AgøPmbo åhUOo Agm H$So>bmoQ>mMm {ZU©` ‘mUyg KoVmo. EH$X‘ 300 OUm§ZmñdV…Mm A§V H$ê$Z KoÊ`mnbrH$So> n`m©` Zmhr Ago H$m dmQ>bo? Am§Y«àXoemV Xhm dfmªnydr àH$me_ {OëømV 12 eoVH$è`m§Zr {df {nD$Z Ord{Xbm hmoVm. Ë`mZ§Va OdiOdi àËòH$ dfu VoWo H$mhr eoVH$ar OrdXoVmVM. 23 ‘mM© 1996 amoOr ‘hmï´>mVrb `dV‘mi {OëømVrb gmho~amdH$ano WmoaJìhmUhÿZ {ZKmbo Am{U gmao Hw$Qw§~ KoD$Z dÜ`m©bm Ambo. {dOoMo{~b âVm Ambo Zmhr åhUyZ Ë`m§Mo drO H$ZoŠeZ {dÚwV‘§S>imZo VmoS>bohmoVo. nmÊ`mA^mdr {nHo$ dmiyZ Mmcbr hmoVr. Vo gmar CKS>çm S>moù`m§Zr


Á`m§Zr g‘OyZC‘OyZ S>moio Am{U H$mZ ~§X Ho$bobo ZmhrV Ë`m§Zm eoVH$è`m§À`mXwX¡©dmMr Am{U amofmMr OmUrd hmoUo H$mhr H$R>rU ZìhVo.

h[aV H«$m§VrMo eoVrMr gmar nÕVM Am‘ybmJ« ~Xbbr Amho. {nHo$~wS>mbr åhUOo eoVH$è`m§nwT>o n{hbo g§H$Q> Cô amhVo Vo, {dOoMo {~b amoIâmdo H$go? Ë`mZ§VaMo g§H$Q> ~r-{~`mUo, IVo, Am¡fYo `m§H$[aVm KoVboë`mH$Om©Mm hám ’o$S>mdm H$gm? {d{dY amÁ`m§Vrb eoVH$ar Am§XmobZo 1970nmgyZ {dOoMo Xa Am{U H$O©‘wº$s `mda â XoVmV Vo `m‘wio. hr XmoZ XoUrn{hë`m§Xm O~S>m dmgyZ nwT>o òVmV. âUm H$aVm òV Zmhr åhUyZ Úm`MraŠH$‘ ’w$JV OmVo àËòH$ dfu nmdgmim Ambm åhUOo eoVH$ar nwÝhm EH$XmC‘oXrZo Am{U {h‘VrZo H$m‘mbm bmJVmo. O‘ob Vgo {~`mUo, IVo {‘idVmoAm{U EImÚm OwJmè`mÀ`m H¡$’$mZo O{‘ZrV KmbVmo. H$mhr doim {nHo$ ~wS>VmV,H$mhr doim WmoS>r H$‘r ~wS>VmV. H$mhr Pmbo Var eodQ>r n[aUm‘ EH$M. {nHo$Mm§Jbr Agbr Va {H$_Vr nS>VmV Am{U dmB©Q> Agbr Va dmT>Ë`m {H$_VrMmeoVH$è`mbm H$mhrM Cn`moJ ZgVmo. dfm©AIoarg gmè`m eoVrÀ`m {heo~m§MmVmio~§X EH$M Jmoï> XmIdVmo-‘wÔb, ì`mOmda ì`mO, X§S>ì`mO gmao {‘iyZXoÊ`mMr aŠH$‘ AmUIrM ’w$Jcr Amho.

X{jUonmgyZ CÎmaon`ªV Am{U nyd}nmgyZ n{ü‘on`©V, eoVH$è`m§À`m ‘ZmVEH$ gÝ‘mZmMr O~aXñV ^mdZm AgVo. ImoQ>onUm Ë`mbm éMV Zmhr. hm gmamYm{‘©H$ {eH$dUwH$sMm n[aUm‘ Agob, H$Xm{MV… nU, H$O© ~wS>{dUo hrH$ënZm Ë`mbm nQ>V Zmhr - ^bo gmdH$mamZo "AmëJwZ ’$mëJwZ {e‘Jm' AerImoQ>r AmH$So>‘moS> Ho$br Agmo; ^bo eoVrÀ`m ì`dgm`mV hmVr H$mhr bmJUmaZmhr Aer ì`dñWm R>adyZ Pmbobr Agmo.

ho Ago {nT>çmZ² {nT>çm Mmbbo Amho. d` Pmbo, eara WH$bo åhUOoåhmVmè`m eoVH$è`m§À`m bjmV òVo H$s Am`wî`â Ioiboë`m IoimV Vohabo AmhoV. ~mnmH$Sy>Z dmaemV {‘imboë`m H$Om©nojm {H$VrVar OmñVH$Om©Mm ~moOm AmnU Amnë`m boH$amÀ`m S>moB©da R>odyZ OmV AmhmoV `mH$ënZoZo Vmo ì`mHy$i hmoVmo. d`mo_mZm_wio hmV MmcV ZmhrV, H$m_ hmoVZmhr. AmnU AmVm Ho$di nmoamÀ`m g§gmamda ^ma ~ZyZ am{hbmo AmhmoV; hoË`m§À`m bjmV òVo. {nT>çmZ²{nT>çm, Aem d`mV eoVH$ar AmB© ~mn Amnë`mnmoam§Zm gm§JV, "nmoam§Zmo, Am‘M§ AmVm d` Pmb§, gmam H$mhr g§gma nmanS>bm, Vwåhr H$V}gdaVo Pmbo. AmVm EH$M BÀN>m am{hbr Amho; H$merbm

òB©ZmV. hOma énò {bQ>a XamZo H$sQ>H$ZaeHo$ IarXyZ gahÔrda bT>Umè`mOdmZm§À`m eWm©Zo eoVH$è`m§Zr Ë`m§À`mer ‘wH$m~bm Ho$bm. H$mhtZr drgdrg’$dmaÊ`m Ho$ë`m; nU {H$S>tZr XmX {Xbr Zmhr. {nH$mMo ZwH$gmZ Pmbo.^mSo>nÅ>rZo KoVboë`m O{‘ZrMr nÅ>r AmVm Úmdr H$moRy>Z? bú‘rMo Xm{JZogmoSdyZ AmUÊ`mMm Va àûZM Zmhr. ~m`H$moMo Xm{JZo J‘mdUo `mnojmnwéfmbm Zm‘wîH$sMr Jmoï >Vr H$moUVr? Ord XoD$Z gwQ>Uo hm EH$M ‘mJ©. OrdXoÊ`mMm EH$Var ’$m`Xm `m Hw$Qw>§~mVrb bmoH$ Ordmnojm à{Vð>m ‘hÎdmMr‘mZVmV Aer H$sVu hmoVo. Ë`m‘wio. O{‘ZrMo ‘mbH$ ‘¥VmÀ`m Hw$Qw>§~mVrbH$moUmbm nwT>À`m dfu nwÝhm O‘rZ ^mSo>nÅ>çmZo Úm`bm V`ma hmoVmV. ~mam‘¥Vm§n¡H$s ’$º$ EH$M ór hmoVr. Hw$Qw>§~à‘wI Agë`mZo {VMr JV nwéfm§gmaIrMPmbr. gaH$maZo H$mhr WmVwa‘mVwa aŠH$‘ Hw$Qw>§~m§À`m gm§ËdZmW© {Xbr hmoVr.

"`mnwT>o Vwåhr H$m` H$aUma ? àûZ ‘r àËòH$ Hw$Qw>§~mbm {dMmabm.gJù`m§Mo CÎma EH$M "Xwgao H$m`? H$mnyg eoVrIoarO Amåhmbm n`m©`MH$m` Amho?'

`§Xm hm AmH$S>m XeH$mVbm Zmhr; VrZeoÀ`m daMm Amho. ’$aH$ Ho$diA§emË‘H$ Zmhr, JwUmË‘H$ Amho. BVHo$ eoVH$ar Ord H$m XoVmV? Ë`mV gdm©VOmñV à‘mU Am§Y« àXoeMo H$m? Am{U H$mnyg qH$dm Vya {nH${dUmè`m§Mo H$m?h[a`mUmVrb JìhmMo nrH$ `§XmÀ`m J¡aa‘m¡g‘r nmdgmZo 40n¡go ~wS>më`mMr~mV‘r Amho; nU H$moUr ha`mUdr OmQ> eoVH$è`mZo Ord {Xë`mMr ~mV‘rZmhr. `m gmè`m AmË‘hË`m§Mo AW©emó H$m` Am{U Ë`m§Mr g‘mOemór`CnnÎmr H$m`?

J¡a‘m¡g‘r nmdgmZo `§Xm XoemVrb gmè`mM amÁ`m§V hmhmH$ma CS>{dbm.Zmoìh|~a ‘{hÝ`mV 20 {Xdg nmD$g Am{U {S>go§~a ‘{hÝ`mV 24 {Xdg nmD$gAm{U Jmam `m§Mm ‘mam! AJXr åhmVmè`mVrb åhmVmè`m eoVH$è`mbmXoIrbAgo nydu H$Yr KS>ë`mMo ñ‘aUmV Zmhr. gmo`m~rZ, Ádmar, H$mnyg Am{U Vya`m§Mo gd©Xya ^`mZH$ ZwH$gmZ Pmbo. n§Om~mVrb H$moaSdmhÿ àXoemV JìhmMonrH$ ’$mago òV Zmhr, VoWo `§Xm â^ê$Z nrH$ Ambo Am{U ‘moR>çm à‘mUmVJhÿ {nH${dUmè`m {Oëøm§V nrH$~yS> Pmbr. `m nmdgmZo CgmÀ`m {nH$mMm‘moR>m ’$m`Xm Pmbm Amho. òË`m hJm‘mV D$gCËnmXH$m§Zm A‘mn {nH$mMmPQ>H$m dgUma Amho. ~hþVoH$ gmè`m eoVH$è`m§da g§H$Q> AmOM oD$Z H$mogiboAmho.


ImdQ>rnmoQ>rVar H$mhr {‘imdo `m AmeoZo eoVH$ar ‘wbVmB©À`m ‘m‘boXmamÀ`mH$Moarg‘moa O‘bo. nmo{bgm§Zr H$MoarÀ`m N>namda Cô amhÿZ, OZab S>màbmbmOdrc Aem H«$m¡`m©Zo A§XmYw§X Jmoir~ma Ho$bm. 27 OmJrM ‘obo, Ë`mVVrZ {ó`m; Km`mi {H$Vr Pmbo `mMm ZŠH$s {heo~ AmVmn`ªV bmJbobmZmhr.

21 ‘mM© 1998 amoOr {Xëbrbm {H$gmZ g‘Ýd` g{‘VrMr ~¡R>H$ Pmbr.`m gmè`m n[apñWVrMm AmT>mdm KoVbm Jobm. Am§Y« àXoeMo Eg.nr. e§H$aaoÈ>rS>moù`m§V nmUr AmUyZ åhUmbo, "AmnU X{jUoV H$mhr Var Ho$bo nm{hOo'n§Om~hÿZ Ambobm EH$ eoVH$ar åhUmbm,"Am‘À`mV H$moUr Ord {Xbm ZmhrEdT>oM hmo! Am‘Mr n[apñWVr ‘moR>r H$R>rU Amho'.

‘hmamï´>mVë`m H$m`, H$Zm©Q>H$mVë`m H$m` eoVH$è`m§À`m AmË‘hË`mXeH$mZwXeHo$ am~{dë`m OmUmè`m eoVH$ar{damoYr YmaoUm§Mm gmh{OH$ n[aUm‘Amho. H$moUr `wJnwéf AdVabm Am{U {h§XwñWmZmV eoVH$è`m§{déÕ Mmbboë`mA‘mZwf YmoaUmg§~§Yr gmè`m OJmbm OmJ{dbo Va H$mhr Amem Amho. AÝ`Wm{h§XwñWmZmVrb eoVH$ar ‘aVM amhVrb.Am§Y« àXoemVrb AmË‘hË`m§H$So> WmoSo>Am{YH$ ~maH$mì`mZo nmhUo Amdí`H$ Amho.

n{ü‘ JmoXmdar {OëømVrb CßnH$nmSy> JmdÀ`m ~r. ì`§H$Q>am‘m amd`m§À`m AmË‘hËòg§~§Yr AZoH$ dV©‘mZnÌm§Zr g{dñVa d¥Îmm§V N>mnbo AmhoV.ì`§H$Q>am‘mÀ`m ~mnmZo 15 hOma én`m§Mo H$O© KoVbo hmoVo. Vmo XmoZ dfmªnyduH°$ÝgaZo ‘obm. ~±H$ VJmXm bmdy bmJbr. ì`mO Yê$Z Úm`Mr aŠH$‘ AmVmPmbr énò 27695. H$mngmMo nrH$ ~wS>mbo; XoUo WH$bo; ~°H$Mo A{YH$marJmdmV H$O©dgwbrgmR>r Ambo; ~amo~a nmo{bg ~§Xmo~ñV Am{U T>mob Vmeodmbo.Vo gmè`m Jmdâ Xd§S>r XoV {’$abo. "ì`§H$Q>am_m amd `mZo ~±Ho$Mm âUm Ho$bmZmhr åhUyZ Ë`mÀ`m KamVrb MrOdñVy Oá H$aÊ`mV òV Amho. ~±Ho$bm ~wS>dynmhUmè`m eoVH$è`m§Zmo, `mX amIm! eoOmè`mnmOmè`m§Zr XrS> hOma énò O‘mH$ê$Z ~±H$ A{YH$mè`m§H$So> {Xbo. ì`§H$Q>am‘mZo J`md`m H$ê$Z "Xd§S>r VodT>rWm§~dm Am{U _mPr A~«y dmMdm' Aer {dZdUr Ho$cr. H$mhr n[aUm‘ PmbmZmhr. Ë`mZo nwÝhm EH$ {dZ§Vr Ho$br,"eoOmaÀ`m VmSo>nëbrJwS>‘ JmdÀ`mgmdH$mamH$So> OmD$Z òÊ`mnwaVm ‘bm AdYr Úm. Vmo 60 Q>ŠHo$ ì`mOmZo n¡goXoVmo åhUVmV, Agy Úm. Vw‘Mr ânmB© H$aVmo' gmdH$mamZo n¡go {Xbo ZmhrV.ì`§H$Q>am_m naV Ambm Voìhm ~±Ho$Mo A{YH$mar hgV{IXiV KamVrb gm_mZ

‘aU `mdo, åhUOo XohmMo gmoZo hmoB©b. EdT>r EH$ BÀN>m H$mhr H$ê$Z nwarH$am.' åhmVmam-åhmVmar H$merbm OmÊ`mg {ZKV, EH$ bhmZgo JmR>moSo>~amo~a KoD$Z. Ë`mVbr H$mhr H$mer åhUm, H$mhr n§T>nya åhUm -EImÚmVrW©joÌr nmohmoMV. Aem joÌñWmZr YZr bmoH$ "nwÊ`m` nmnjmbZmW©&'òVmV; Jar~Jw[a~m§Zm, An§J {^H$mè`m§Zm ôOZmdirV Oody KmbVmV, H$mhrZmhr åhQ>bo Var AmR>dS>çmâmV XmoZVrZ OodUm§Mr Var gmo` hmoVo. qgX~mXIbmemÀ`m H$hmÊ`m§V, "EH$m ~oQ>mdarb EH$m XarV d`mo‘mZmZo WH$bobo hÎmr‘aÊ`mAmYr òD$Z R>mH$VmV' Ago dU©Z Amho." H$merg Omdo, {ZË` dXmdo&', H$merg OmD$Z ‘aU Ambo Va gaUmMmXoIrb IM© òV Zmhr. "H$mergOmUo' hm {nT>çmZ²{nT>çm eoVH$è`m§Zr ñdrH$mabobm gm‘y{hH$ AmË‘hËòMm‘mJ© Amho.

h[aV H«$m§VrÀ`m V§ÌkmZm‘wio {~JaeoVH$ar bmoH$g§»òbm ‘w~bH$ AÞYmÝ`{‘iy bmJbo ho Iao; nU Ë`mgmR>r bmJUmao {~`mUo, IVo, Am¡fYo Am{U ‘Owar`m§Mm IM© {‘iUmè`m {H$_VrVyZ H$YrM nwam ^ê$Z Ambm Zmhr. eoVH$arJ[a~rV Am{U H$Om©V IMVM Jobm. dmT>Ë`m H$O©~mOmarnUmMo à‘mU nm{hboVa eoVH$è`m§À`m AmË‘hË`m§Mr g§»`m Amho Ë`mnojm {H$VrVar nQ> ‘moR>rAgm`bm nm{hOo hmoVr; nU Ago Pmbo Zmhr. eoVH$è`m§Mr gÝ‘mZ Am{Uà{Vð>oMr na§nam T>mgiV Amho. ‘moR>o‘moR>o O‘rZ‘mbH$, Ë`m§Mr à{Vð>m ‘moR>r,amOH$s` gÎmmhr Ë`m§À`mM hmVr. H$O© naV H$aUo åhUOo Amnë`m B^«VrgH$‘rnUm AmUUmar Jmoï> g‘OmV! H$O© ~wS>{dÊ`mg EH$ àH$maMr gm‘m{OH$à{Vð>m bm^br Amho. `mbm H$moUr "Zr{V‘Îmm Imbmdbr ' Ago åhUob; nU`m Z¡{VH$ AY…nVZm‘wioM eoVH$è`m§À`m Pw§S>rÀ`m Pw§S>r H$rQ>H$ZmeH$m§À`m~mQ>brH$So> qH$dm OdiÀ`m {d{har-S>mohm§H$So> Om`À`m Wm§~ë`m AmhoV.AÝ`Wm, Á`m§À`m g§gmabm "gm§Or' òÊ`mMr H$mhr AmemM Zmhr Ë`m§ZrAm`wî` H§$R>mdo H$moUË`m AmYmamZo?

`§XmMm n{hbm CR>md h[a`mUmVrb eoVH$è`m§Zr Ho$bm. {dOoÀ`m XamÀ`màûZmda Zmoìho§~a 97 ‘Ü o CJ« {ZXe©Zo Pmbr. bmoh‘mJm©da ~gboë`m eoVH$è`m§danmo{bgm§Zr Jmoir~ma Ho$bm; 8 R>ma, e§âmda Om`~§Xr. 12 Am{U 13 {S>goo|~aamoOr "{edemhr' nmo{bgm§Zr, H$mngmMm ^md dmT>dyZ ‘mJUmè`m A‘amdVr{OëømVrb Am§XmobH$ eoVH$è`m§da Jmoir~ma Ho$bm; 3 R>ma 17 OI‘r. ‘Ü`àXoerVrb ~¡Vyb {OëømVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo gmo`m~rZMo nrH$ gm’$ ~wS>mbo .


hr {‘iH$V gmoSy>Z, Ago Ë`m§Zm H$moUr g‘OmdyZ gm§Jy bmJbm Va Ë`mbm‘yIm©V H$mT>VmV. dma§JiÀ`m eoVH$è`m§Zm O{‘ZrdaMm IM© hm H$mhr Ho$dig§H$ënZm Zmhr, Ë`§mZm Vmo amoI ZmoQ>m Q>mHy$Z ‘moOmdm bmJVmo. dma§Ji‘YrbH$nmerMm CËnmXZIM© XoeVrb BVa àXoem§nojm Ë`m‘wio OmñV amhmUma.^mSo>nÅ>>çmMr aŠH$‘ Am{U {nH$m§Mm CVmam bjmV KoVm dma§JiÀ`m H$mngmMmCËnmXZIM© àVr {¹$Q>b énò 150 Vo 500 Ho$di O{‘ZrÀ`m ^mSo>nÅ>>çmnmoQ>rdaMT> Agy eH$Vmo.

Xwgar Jmoï>. AmË‘hË`m§Mo gmao àXoe H$moadmhÿ AmhoV. Cngm H$ê$Z {g§MZmMrì`dñWm H$amdr bmJVo. Ë`mgmR>r, {d{har ImoXmì`m bmJVmV, nmB©Q> Q>mH$mdobmJVmV, drO ¿`mdr bmJVo. H$mbì`mda ~mJm`Vr hmoUmè`m eoVrnojm hmIM© {H$VrVar nQ>tZr A{YH$ AgVmo. {edm`, OoWo {H$‘mZ nmÊ`mMr gmo`hmoB©b VoWoM nrH$ KoVbo OmVo. H$mngmÀ`m eoVrMo VwH$S>o Xya Xya {dIwaboboAgVmV gbJ bmJmonmR> H$mngmMr dmdao Agy eH$V ZmhrV. Ë`m‘wio {H$S>rAm{U amoJamB©Mm àmXw^m©d hmoÊ`mMm YmoH$m dmT>Vmo. H$sQ>H$ZmeH$m§Mm ‘moR>çmà‘mUmV dmna H$amdm bmJVmo. EH$mM {nH$mgmR>r n§Yam-drg ’$dmaÊ`m ghOhmoVmV. Am§Y« àXe gmè`m XoemV dmnaë`m OmUmè`m H$sQ>H$ZmeH$ Am¡fYm§n¡H$s24 Q>ŠHo$ EH$Q>mM dmnaVmo.

hr g§Yr gmYÊ`mgmR>r H$mhr ì`mnmar Am{U H$maImZXma Q>ncocoM AgVmV.EH$Q>çm dma§Ji {OëømV H$sQ>H$ZmeH$m§Mo 60 ñWm{ZH$ CËnmXH$ AmhoV.Ë`m§À`m Am¡fYm§Mm AZoH$Xm n[aUm‘ hmoV Zmhr. H$maU, Ë`mV ôgi AgVoqH$dm Vr AJXrM ImoQ>r AgVmV. Am¡fYr {dH$Umao ~amo~arZo gmdH$marhrH$aVmV. Vo ImË`mda Am¡fYo XoV ZmhrV ; ImË`mda H$O© XoVmV Am{U ‘wÔbamoI XoÊ`mEodOr {VVŠ`m aH$‘oMm ‘mb XoVmV. ~ZmdQ>r Am¡fYm§da H${‘eZOmñV, Ë`m‘wio Agbm ‘mbM {~ZamoIrÀ`m {JèhmB©H§$mZm OmñV H$ê$Z nwadbmOmVmo.

‘mÂ`m EoH$Ê`mV EH$ Jmoï> Ambr. EH$m eoVH$è`mMr ~m`H$mo XdmImÝ`mVhmoVr. Ë`mbm XmoZ hOma én`m§Mr VmVS>rMr JaO hmoVr. n¡go O‘m hmoB©ZmV.Voìhm Ë`mZo EH$m XwH$mZmVyZ 4000 én`m§Mo H$O© H$mT>bo, XmoZ {bQ>a H$sQ>H$ZmeH$KoVbo. Ë`mVbo WmoSo> ~mOybm R>odyZ Cabobo Ë`mZo ~mOmamV 2000 én`m§ZmXwgè`m EH$m eoVH$è`mg {dH$bo; n¡go XdmImÝ`mV nmohmoMdbo Am{U {ZamoeonmoQ>r,~mOybm R>odbobo Am¡fY {nD$Z Q>mH$bo.

H$mTy>Z Q´>H$‘Üò âV hmoVo. Ë`mMr AmOmar ‘wbJr EH$m ImQ>oda nS>br hmoVr.{Vbm CVadyZ Imbr R>odyZ Vr ImQ>gwÕm CMbyZ ZoÊ`mV Ambr. H$moUrVarR>adyZ ì`§H$Q>am_mMm gyS> CJdV hmoVo. ì`§H$Q>am_m OdiÀ`m H¥${fgodmHo§$ÐmVJobm, H$rQ>H$ZmeH$mMr EH$ ~mQ>br CKSy>Z ß`mbm, KamOdi nmohmoMcm. ~±H$A{YH$mè`m§Mm {YJmUm MmbyM hmoVm. bS>IS>Ë`m nm`m§Zr Vmo Kamg‘moa nmohmoMbmAm{U O{‘Zrda H$mogibm, WmoS>çmM doimV {ZîàmU Pmbm.

Voam dfmªÀ`m Amnë`m ‘wbmbm Ë`m§Mr {dYdm AmB© åhUmbr, "AmVmAmnb§ H$mhr Ia§ Zmhr. ‘r ho Am¡fY {nD$Z Ord XoUma Amho. Vwbm gaH$mamVyZH$m` n¡H$m ôQ>b Ë`mVyZ hmoB©b {VVH§$ H$O© ’o$S> Am{U ~mim Vy Am¡jd§V hmo'{VÀ`m nmoamZo AmB©bm g‘Odm`Mm à`ËZ Ho$bm, "Vy Jobr Va ‘r H$m` H$ê$Jo! ‘bm gmoSy>Z OmD$Z ZH$mo ‘mò' nU AmB©Mm {Zü` nŠH$m. {VZo Vmo nmanmS>bm.

AmUIr EH$ eoVH$ar, WmoS>m OmñV {h§‘VdmZ. ‘w»`‘§Ìr M§Ðm~m~y Zm`Sy>EH$m ‘moR>çm gôV mfU XoVo hmoVo. Vmo ì`mgnrR>mda MT>bm Am{U gJù`m§XoIV{df KQ>mKQ>m ß`mbm.

‘bm EH$ eoVH$ar ôQ>bm, Ë`mZo H$sQ>H$ZmeH$ {nD$Z Ord XoÊ`mMm à`ËZHo$bm hmoVm. nU, Am¡fY {ZKmbo ôgirMo; Vmo {Od§V am{hbm. Á`m ôgiAm¡fYm§Zr eoH$S>çm§Zr eoVH$è`m§da Ord XoÊ`mMr nmir AmUbr Ë`m§ZrM `mEH$Q>çmMm Ord amIyZ R>odbm.

dma§Ji‘Yë`m AmË‘hË`m§Mr {Z{üV H$maU‘r‘m§gm H$aUo H$R>rU Amho;nU VoWrb eoVH$ar H$mngmMr eoVr H$er H$aVmV Vo nm{hbo nm{hOo. `mgmè`m ‘¥Ë`y§Mo ahñ` Ë`m‘mJoM XS>bo AgÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho.

dma§Ji‘Yë`m gmè`m AmË‘KmVtZr H$mnyg {nH${dÊ`mH$[aVm O‘rZ^mSo>nÅ>rZo KoVbr hmoVr. EH$m h§Jm‘mMo ^mSo> ‘JXwamà‘mUo EH$ar énò VrZ VonmM hOma. dma§JbÀ`m eoVH$è`mÀ`m S>moŠ`mda IMm©Mm hm EH$ ‘moR>m ~omOmAmho. BVa eoVH$è`m§Zm Vmo ’$magm OmUdV Zmhr. ~hþVoH$ eoVH$è`m§Zm O‘rZdmagm hŠH$mZo {‘imbobr AgVo. {VMm ZJXr IM© H$mhr ZgVmo. AW©emómVë`m"n`m©`r IM© (Opportunity Cost) `m g§H$ënoMr Ë`m§Zm OmUrdhr Zmhr. nrH$KoÊ`mEodOr AmnU O‘rZ {dH$br AgVr d Ambobr aŠH$‘ ì`mOmZo R>odbrAgVr Va Xagmb Oo {~ZYmñV CËnÞ {‘imbo AgVo Vo AmVm {‘iUma Zmhr.H$mnyg {nH${dÊ`mMm {ZU©` KoVbm Voìhm n{hbm ~moOm KoVbm Vmo ì`mOmMr


nwa{dbr Ë`mZwgma H$mngmbm 1986 Vo 1989 `m VrZ dfmªÀ`m H$mimV205.82 Q>ŠHo$ CUo g~{gS>r hmoVr. WmoS>Š`mV Am{U gmoß`m ^mfoV gm§Jm`MoVa {hXwñWmZmVrb ~mOmanoR>oVrb H$mngmMo ^md Xoer H$mnS>{JaÊ`m§À`m’$m`ÚmgmR>r Am§Vaamï´>r` ^mdm§À`m VwbZoZo gVV Imbr R>odÊ`mV AmboAmhoV. ~hþamï´>r` H§$nÝ`m ñdmWu AgVmV, ~mOmanoR>oV Ë`m X`m‘m`m XmIdrVZmhrV ho Iao Amho. nU, Xwgè`m XoemV à{V pŠd¨Q>b é.4000 _moOyZ òWoAmUÊ`mMm dmhVwH$sMm IM© H$ê$Z AmR>eo énò à{V pŠd¨Q>b {dH$m`bm Ë`mH$mhr {h§XwñWmZ gaH$maBVŠ`m ‘yI© Am{U AY‘ ZmhrV!

hr gmar emoH§$m{VH$m AerM dfm©Zwdf} Mmby amhUma? bjUo Va gmarAerM {XgVmV. ~§JmbÀ`m XwîH$mimV bmIm|À`m g§»òZo eoVH$ar AmnbrHw$Qw>§~o KoD$Z AÞmÀ`m emoYmW© Jmdo gmoSy>Z H$cH$Î`mbm nmohmoMbo. bîH$amÀ`mCn`moJmgmR>r R>odbobr YmÝ`mZr ^mabobr H$moR>mao Ë`m§À`m ZOaobm g‘moa{XgV hmoVr. H$moUr EH$mZohr JmoXm‘ ’$moS>Ê`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Zmhr. gmaoâë`m JmoXm_m§À`m g‘moa ^wHo$Zo ì`mHy$i hmoV ‘obo.

Jm§YrOtZr AZoH$ doim åhQ>bo, ""A{h§gm åhUOo {^éVm Zmhr. ^rVrnmoQ>reaU OmÊ`mnojm qhgmMma Ho$bobm A{YH$ ^bm. Jm§YrOr§À`m `m dmŠ`mVgmè`m eoVH$è`m§Zm H$mhr g§Xoe {Xgy eHo$b. {nT>çmZ²{nT>çm§À`m emofUmÀ`mMQ>Š`m§À`m AZw^dmZo {Zame Pmboë`m, AmOÀ`m g§H$Q>m§nwT>o ‘yH$nUo eaUOmD$Z Amnbr nmoao~mio VerM CKS>çmda Q>mHy$Z {ZKyZ OmUmè`m eoVH$è`m§Zm,AmO Jm§YrOr AgVo Va Ë`m§Zr H$m` gm§{JVbo AgVo? "eoVH$è`m§Zmo, ‘mam,‘ê$ ZH$m! ' Ago ZgVo gm§{JVbo?

(eoVH$ar g§KQ>H$, 21E{àb1998)

dma§Ji {OëømV Ord XoUmao eoVH$ar Am`wî`mVrb IS>Va àíZm§Zm Vm|S>XoÊ`mg Ag‘W© R>abo; Vo ôH$So> hmoVo H$m? Ë`m§Zr em¡`© JmOdbo, Ë`mÀ`m^modVmbÀ`m Am{W©H$ n[a[añWVrMm Am{U AmB©À`m ‘m§S>rda {eH$boë`mZ¡{VH$ ‘yë`m§Mm Vo ~ir hmoVo.

Xhm-drg dfmªnydu `m ^mJmV H$mnyg KoÊ`mMm H$m`©H«$‘ Mmby Pmbm,Ë`mdoir O{‘Zr Zì`m hmoË`m; EH$ar n§Yam-drg pŠd¨Q>b nrH$ òB©. AmVm VoKQ>V KQ>V AmR->Xhm pŠd¨Q>b BVHo$ CVabo Amho. Am¡fYmIVm§Mm IM© EH$ar~mamn§Yam hOma én`m§n`©V dmT>bm Amho. ~è`mn¡H$s nrH$ Ambo Var ‘OwarIoarOH$mhr gwQ>Ê`mMr eŠ`Vm Zmhr. nmD$g R>rH$ nS>bm Zmhr, dmXi Ambo,{~`mUo Iam~ {ZKmbo, H$sQ>H$ZmeH$m§V ôgi Agbr qH$dm Zo‘Š`m nmUrXoÊ`mÀ`m doir drO Jobr H$s ‘J Vmo ~wS>mbmM. gH©$erVrb PmoŠ`mBVH$mMhm OrdKoUm Ioi. gH©$erV Imbr g§ajU Omio Var ngaboco AgVo;dma§JiÀ`m H$nmgeoVrV WmoS>r MyH$ Pmbr Va Ë`mbm j‘m Zmhr.

‘wS>Xo nS>bo åhUOo {JYmSo> O‘VmVM. Á`m§Zr H$Yr eoVrÀ`m AW©H$maUmVñdmañ` XmI{dbo Zmhr Ago ñd`§godr g§KQ>Zm§Mo ZoVo ‘wbVmB© Am{Udma§Ji^modVr {KaQ>çm KmbV AmhoV. eoVH$è`m§Zm Vo gm§JVmV, ""Vw‘À`mdaho g§H$Q> H$mogibo Vo gmao `m IwbrH$aUmÀ`m YmaoUm‘wio. ho Ag§b ñdmV§ÍÀmnë`m H$m` H$m‘mM§?'' ~hþamï´>r` H§$nÝ`m Am{U OmJ{VH$ ì`mnma g§KQ>Zm`m§À`mdaMm amJhr Vo `m {Z{_ÎmmZo H$mTy>Z KoVmV, "~hþamï´>r` H§$nÝ`m AmVm{h§XwñWmZmV 800 énò pŠd¨Q>b ^mdmZo H$mnyg nmR>drV AmhoV. Ë`m_wioH$mngmMo ^md nS>co AmhoV. `m eoVH$è`m§À`m AmË‘hË`m ZmhrV, ho ~hþamï´>r`H§$nÝ`m§Mo ~ir AmhoV' Aem àMmamZm Ë`m§Zr Yy‘YS>mH$m Mmb{dbm Amho.

`mV Amü©` dmQ>Ê`mgmaIo H$mhr Zmhr. ‘ZJT>§V A’$dm nga{dUo hrË`m§Mr H$m‘mMr e¡br Amho. S§>Ho$b àûZmda MMm© Mmby hmoVr Voìhm hrM‘§S>ir Xoeâ gmè`m eoVH$è`m§Zm ~mJwb~wdm XmIdrV {’$aV hmoVr,"hmS§>Ho$b amjg Vw‘À`m eoVmVrb {~`mUo Am{U JmoR>çmVrb JmoèhmgwÕm KoD$‘mJVmo`' `m Agë`m ~mîH$i àMmamMm à{VdmX H$amdm bmJVmo hrM ‘moR>rXw…ImMr Jmoï> Amho. H$sQ>H$ZmeH$m§Mm g§~§Y Amho åhUmdo Va eoVH$è`m§MmàmU KoVbm Vo ~hþamï´>r` H§$nÝ`m§À`m Am¡fYm§Zr Zmhr. Va Xoer CÚmoOH$m§À`mImoQ>çm CËnmXZm§‘wio. naXoemV H$mngmMo ^md hah‘oe òWë`mnojm A{YH$MT>o amhVmV. OmJ{VH$ ì`mnma g§KQ>ZoH$So>H$So> ì`mnma ‘§Ìmb`mZo Or AmH$So>dmar


‘moS>Uma Zmhr.‘amR>dmS>çmVrc, `dV‘micJVÀ`m {Oëøm§Vhr AmË‘hË`m Ho$coë`m

eoVH$è`m§Mr ‘moR>r g§»`m Amho; nU `dV‘miBVH$s ‘moR>r Zmhr. gmVmam,nwUo, gmocmnya, OiJmd {Oëøm§V n{hë`m AmË‘hË`m 2004 À`m Owc¡‘{hZmAIoar Pmë`mMo Zm|Xco Joco Amho.

‘hmamï´>mÀ`m BVa ^mJm§À`m VwcZoV, AmË‘hË`m H$aUmè`m eoVH$è`m§Mr`dV‘mi {OëømV g»`m A{YH$ Amho `mMm AÝd`mW© H$gm cmdUma?

gdm©V n{hcr Am{U ‘hÎdmMr Jmoï> åhUOo H$mnyg CËnmXH$ eoVH$è`m§daMhr nmir Amcr Amho. eoVH$è`m§À`m AmË‘hË`m§Mo gdm©{YH$ à‘mU AgUmè`mAm§Y« àXoemVhr ~ir Joco Vo ‘w»`V: H$mnyg CËnmXH$M. Am§Y« àXoemVrcAmË‘hË`m gÌmVrc ~ir ho ^y{‘hrZ eoVH$ar hmoVo. CcQ>, {dX^m©Vrc ~ireoVH$ar ho O‘rZYmaH$ eoVH$ar hmoVo. Am§Y«mVrc eoVH$è`m§Zm ZH$crH$sQ>H$ZmeHo$, {ZH¥$ï> {~`mUr `m§Zr XJm {Xcm; ‘hmamï´>mV Ago AJXrAndmXmZo KS>Vo. gmh{OH$M, eoVH$è`m§À`m ‘moR>çm g§»òZo AmË‘hË`m§MoH$maU Ë`m§ZrM {nH${dcoë`m H$mngmg§~§YmZoM AgUma. {H$_V AZwXmZ(Aggregate Measureme of Support - AMS) AWm©V² g~²{gS>r. (åhUOogaH$mar {Z`§ÌUmImcr eoVH$è`m§Zm {‘imcocr {H$_V) CUo ({Z`§ÌU‘wº$Iwë`m ~mOmanoR>oV {‘imcr AgVr Vr {H$_V) H$mngmÀ`m ~m~VrV gdm©VZrM Amho. gaH$maZo OmJ{VH$ ì`mnma g§ñWocm {Xcoë`m ‘m{hVrZwgma 1996-97 `m dfm©V H$mngmgmR>r AZwXmZ CUo 258.51 Q>¸o$ hmoVo. åhUOo Ë`mdfuIwë`m ~mOmamV Á`m H$mngmcm 358.51 énò {‘imco AgVo Ë`mcm ’$º$100 énò ìhmdo Aer gaH$maZo ì`dñWm Ho$cr. Voìhm, CUo {H$_V AZwXmZqH$dm CUo g~{gS>r hoM ^maVmVrc eoVH$è`m§À`m AmË‘hË`m§‘mJMo ‘yiH$maU Amho.

eoOmaÀ`m A‘amdVr {OëømVrc Am{XdmgtZm Á`m Cnmg‘marMm Am{UXwîH$mimMm Zoh‘rM gm‘Zm H$amdm cmJVmo Ë`mMr AmoiIgwÕm `dV‘mi‘YrcH$mnygCËnmXH$ eoVH$è`m§Zm ZìhVr; Ë`m§Zm Vm|S> XoÊ`mMo XyaM. Mmcy dfuA‘amdVr {OëømÀ`m {MIcXam n[agamVrc gw‘mao 9000 ~mcHo$ Hw$nmofUqH$dm Cnmg‘marÀ`m VS>m»`mV gmnS>ë`mMo CKS>H$sg Amco Amho. {dX^m©VrcH$mnygCËnmXH$ eoVH$è`m§Zm, Ë`m§À`m {OË`mOmJË`m AmR>dUrV, H$Yr XJS>’$moS>Ê`mÀ`m Am{U ‘mVr dmhÊ`mÀ`m "amoOJma h‘r' À`m H$m‘m§da Omdo

EHo$Mmirg

¶dV‘miMo XþIUo

‘hmamï´>mÀ`m {dX^© {d^mJmV {ZgJm©Mo A’$mQ> XoUo cm^coë`m {Oëøm§n¡H$s`dV‘mi hm EH$ {Oëhm Amho. {dnwc nO©Ý`d¥ï>rÀ`m H¥$noZo `m {OëømVrc~aoM ^y^mJ {haì`mJX© dZamB©Zo ZQ>coco AmhoV. `dV‘mi hm ‘hÎdmMmH$mnyg CËnmXH$ {Oëhm Amho. BVH$m ‘hÎdmMm H$s {~«{Q>e amOdQ>rV {~«{Q>eH§$nÝ`m§Zr ‘moR>m IM© H$ê$Z H$mngmÀ`m dmhVwH$sgmR>r {OëømVyZ ñdV§Ìaoëdo‘mJ© V`ma Ho$co. añVo Am{U O§Jco `m§VyZ ZmJ‘moS>r dmQ>m H$mT>rV hm‘rQ>aJoO aoëdo‘mJ© A»»`m {Oëhmâ {’$acm Amho. ñdmV§Í`mÀ`m CX`H$mir`dV‘mi {OëømÀ`m gm‘m{OH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$, Am{W©H$ Am{U amOH$s` OrdZmda"BOmaXmam§'Mm nJS>m hmoVm. "BOmaXma' `mMm eãXe: AW© "Omo BOma åhUOon±Q>nmÒ‘m Kmcy eH$Vmo' Agm. ì`dhmamV Ë`mMm AW© VrZeo Vo nmMeoEH$amÀ`m Amgnmg O‘rZ ~miJUmam N>moQ>m O‘rZXma. CXma g‘¥Õ {ZgJm©À`mH¥$noZo `m BOmaXmam§Mm dJ© g§nÞ OrdZ OJV hmoVm. Adf©U, Cnmg‘ma`m§À`mer Ë`m§Mr JmR> H$Yr nS>cr Zmhr.

AmO ñdmV§Í`mZ§Va n§MmdÞ dfmªZ§Va, `dV‘miMo {MÌ nyU©nUo nmcQy>ZJoco Amho. A{YH¥$V gaH$mar AmH$So>dmarZwgma 2001 gmcmnmgyZ m {OëømVrc154 eoVH$è`m§Zr AmË‘hË`m Ho$ë`m AmhoV - 2001 ‘Üò 17, 2002 ‘Üò38, 2003 ‘Üò 52 Am{U 2004 ‘Üò Owc¡ ‘{hZmAIoa 47. AmË‘hË`mH$aUmè`m `m 154 eoVH$è`m§n¡H$s 9 OUm§Mm AndmX dJiVm gd©À`m gd©eoVH$ar doJdoJù`m H$O©nwadR>m g§ñWm qH$dm gmdH$ma `m§À`mH$Sy>Z KoVcoë`mH$Om©À`m ~moOmImcr hmoVo. W{H$V H$Om©À`m aH$‘m gd©gmYmaUnUo nmMAmH$S>r hmoË`m; Á`m§Mr eoVr‘mcmMr CcmT>mc ~hþVoH$Xm ghm AmH$S>r aH$‘oVìhm`Mr Ë`m§À`m Ñï>rZo hm H$Om©Mm ~moOm "AJXr Agø' `m gXamV Z¸$sM


n[aUm‘r, eoVH$ar AmË‘hË`m H$ê$ cmJco. n{hë`m§Xm ’w$Q>H$i ’w$Q>H$iKQ>Zm KS>ë`m; nU `m An‘mZmñnX {OÊ`mVyZ gwQ>Ê`mMm hm ~am Am{UEH$‘od ‘mJ© Amho Aer YmaUm ‘ZmV éOy cmJcr Am{U eoVH$è`m§‘ÜòAmË‘hËòMr gmW Amë`mgma»`m nQ>mnQ> dmT>Ë`m g§»òZo AmË‘hË`m KSy>cmJë`m.

`dV‘mi {Oëhm ‘Ü`dVu ghH$mar ~±Ho$Mo {heo~ nm{hco Va `mdfuPmcocr H$O©dgwcr, XwîH$mi AgyZhr, Joë`m nmM dfmªVrc gdm©{YH$ dgwcrAmho hr `m~m~VrV nwaoer ~mocH$s ~m~ Amho.

{dX^m©Vrc H$mnyg CËnmXH$ eoVH$è`m§Mr A{YH$ J§^ra Pmcr Vr ‘hmamï´>emgZmZo 1971 nmgyZ am~{dcoë`m EH$m{YH$ma H$mnyg IaoXr `moOZo‘wio. `m`moOZoImcr eoVH$è`m§Zm {‘imcoë`m {H$_Vr eoOmarc ‘Ü` àXoe, Am§Y«àXoe d JwOamV `m amÁ`m§Vrc H$mngmÀ`m {H$_Vtnojm {H$VrVar H$‘r hmoË`m.n[aUm‘r, {dX^m©Vrc H$mnyg CËnmXH$ dfm©J{UH$ A{YH$m{YH$ H$Om©V ~wS>VAmcm. ‘hmamï´>mVrc H$mnyg CËnmXH$m§À`m AmË‘hË`m§Zm H$maUr^yV åhUyZEH$M IcZm`H$ emoYm`Mm Agoc Va ‘hmamï´> amÁ` EH$m{YH$ma H$mnyg IaoXr`moOZoH$So>M ~moQ> XmIdmdo cmJoc.


cmJco Zmhr; nU `§XmMm XwîH$mi Ë`m§À`mgmR>r dO«KmVmgmaIm R>acm. Ë`mVchar nmdgmZo Ë`m§À`m XmoZXmoZ noaÊ`m dm`m Kmcdë`m - AmOn`ªV Aemn[apñWVrcm Vm|S> XoÊ`mMr Ë`m§À`mda H$Yr doi Amcr ZìhVr.

‘mog‘r nmdgmÀ`m AmJ‘ZmÀ`m {H$VrVar AmYr {Oëhm ‘Ü`dVu ghH$mar~±H$, ghH$mar nVg§ñWm VgoM AÝ` H$O©nwadR>m g§ñWm§À`m dgwcr A{YH$mè`m§ZrË`m§À`m dgwcr ‘mo{h‘m gwê$ Ho$ë`m hmoË`m. Ë`mV g‘OwVrZo H$O©’o$S> H$aÊ`mgàd¥Îm H$aUo, Y‘Š`m XoUo, ‘mZI§S>Zm H$aUo, amhË`m KamVrc ^m§S>rHw$§S>r,n§Io, gm`H$cr, Kamdarc nÌo Oá H$aUo VgoM O{‘ZtMo {ccmd H$aUo Aem‘mJmªMm Vo Adc§~ H$arV hmoVo. `mdfu dgwcrMr ‘mohr‘ am~dVmZm dgwcrA{YH$mar {deof H$R>moa Am{U {Zðy>a ~Zco hmoVo. 2003-2004 ho df©{dX^m©Vrc H$mnyg CËnmXH$m§gmR>r {deof Mm§Jco Joco hmoVo. EH$ åhUOoH$nmerMo nrH$ âKmog Amco hmoVo Am{U ‘hmamï´> amÁ` EH$m{YH$ma H$mnygIaoXr `moOZoMm H$ma^ma ñW{JV amhÿZ ImgJr ì`mnmè`m§Zm H$mnyg {dH$Ê`mMr‘w^m {‘imë`m‘wio H$mngmcm ^mdhr Mm§Jco {‘imco. gmo`m~rZÀ`m ~m~VrVhrVoM KS>co. ’$mam dfmªZr eoVH$è`m§À`m hmVr Zoh‘rnojm {H$VrVar A{YH$ n¡gmAmcm. H$O©nwadR>m H$aUmè`m ~±H$m, ghH$mar gmogm`Q>çm, amï´>r`rH¥$V ~±H$m`m§Zm Am{U ImgJr gmdH$mam§Zmhr Ë`mMm dmg cJoM Amcm. dgwcr H$ê$ZH$O©ImVr "{Zc' H$aÊ`mg Am{U {hemo~ nwao H$aÊ`mg hr Zm‘r g§Yr AmhoAm{U Vr XdS>Vm Zò Agm Ë`m§Zr {Zü` Ho$cm. n[aUm‘r, dgwcrMr VèhmemofUmÀ`m nmVirn`ªV H$R>moa Am{U gº$sMr ~Zcr. ~±Ho$À`m A{YH$mè`m§ZrVa eoVH$è`m§À`m amhË`m KamV XadmOmMr Hw$cwno VmoSy>Z Oo Oo hmVmcm cmJocVo dgwcrÀ`m ZmdmZo CMcm`cm gwédmV Ho$cr. AZoH$ àH$aUmV eoVH$arg§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªZr dgwcr A{YH$mè`m§À`m `m ^waQ>onUmcm AQ>H$mdHo$cm. H$mhr ~m~tV Va dgwcr A{YH$mè`m§{déÕ nmo{cgm§V Ka’$moS>r Am{UXamoSo>ImoarMo IQ>cohr Zm|X{dco. EH$m JmdmV Va dgwcr A{YH$mè`m§Zr ’$moS>coë`mKamVyZ Q>oånmoV âcocm ‘mc, eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªZr nmo{cgIQ>ë`mMm YmH$ XmIdVmM, A{YH$mè`m§Zr nmQ>çm â^ê$Z S>moŠ`mdê$Z dmhÿZnwÝhm Ë`m KamV ZoD$Z R>odcm. eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªMo Am{UeoVH$è`m§Mo ho {damoYmMo à`ËZ, àñWm{nV gÎmoÀ`m VmH$XrnwT>o AaÊ`éXZMR>aco. dgwcr A{YH$mè`m§Mo JmT>dm§Mo Zm§Ja JmdmJmdmV ~o‘yd©VnUo {’$aVMam{hco.


Pmco Amho. H$maUm§Mrhr mXr ~ZdÊ`mV Amcr. AmË‘hË`m§À`m AmH$So>dmarg§~§YrAgmM Xwï> Ioi H$aÊ`mV Amcm. g§gXocm {Xcoë`m AmH$S>çmZwgma EH$Q>çm2004 gmcmVM Ho$di H$Zm©Q>H$ amÁ`mVM 8000 À`m da eoVH$è`m§Zr AmË‘hË`mHo$ë`mMo ‘mÝ` H$aÊ`mV Amco hmoVo. Varhr, XoeâmVrc n§Om~nmgyZHo$ain`ªVÀ`m gd© amÁ`m§Vrc AmË‘hË`m H$aUmè`m eoVH$è`m§Mr g§»`m 25000À`m Amgnmg gm§{JVcr OmV hmoVr.

’$gdr AmH$So>dmarnwÊ`m‘Üò ‘mWmS>r H$m‘Jmam§À`m EH$m gôV ~mocVmZm H¥${f‘§Ìr eaX ndma

`m§Zr "eoVH$è`m§À`m AmË‘hË`m§V Zdo H$mhrM Zmhr, ~è`mM H$mimnmgyZ `mAmË‘hË`m MmcyM AmhoV d Ë`m§Mo à‘mUhr ’$mago dmT>coco Zmhr' Ago AmJ«hmZo‘m§S>co. Amnë`m {dYmZmÀ`m nwîQ>çW© Ë`m§Zr J¥h‘§Ìmc`mZo g§nmXZ Ho$cocrAmH$So>dmar nwT>o R>odcr. `m AmH$So>dmarZwgma 1995 gmcmnmgyZ Xadfu XoemVKS>Umè`m EHy$U AmË‘hË`m§n¡H$s 14 Vo 16 Q> o$ AmË‘hË`m eoVH$è`m§À`m ImË`mdaO‘m AgVmV Ago ‘moR>çm n§{S>Vr Am{d^m©dmZo Ë`m§Zr ‘m§S>co. Ë`m§Zr {XcocrAmH$So>dmar A{dœgZr` hmoVr ho CKS> hmoVo. XoemV 60% cmoH$ eoVH$ar AmhoV.Ë`m§À`m AmË‘hË`m§Mo à‘mU EHy$U AmË‘hË`m§À`m 16 Q>¸o$ Amho d XoemVrc40 % {~Ja eoVH$è`m§À`m AmË‘hË`m§Mo à‘mU EHy$U AmË‘hË`m§V 84 %Amho Ago ‘m§S>Uo hm {Zìdi ~mîH$inUm Amho. eoVrer XwamÝd ohr g§~§Y Agcoë`m‘mUgmZo Aem AmH$So>dmarMm H$mJX jUâgwÕm hmVmV Yam`cm ZH$mo hmoVmAer AmH$So>dmar ndma gmho~m§Zm {dœgZr` dmQ>cr; EdT>oM Zìho Va, Vr Ë`m§ZrcmoH$gôV ‘m§S>cr. `m~Ôc, Iao Va Ë`m§À`mda hŠH$^§JmMr H$madmB© ìhm`cmhdr hmoVr.

{~Ja eoVH$è`m§À`m AmË‘hË`m ehar ^mJmVrc nmo{cg H$Q>mjmZo Zm|XVmV.`mCcQ>, IoS>çmnmS>çmV Pmcoë`m AZoH$ AmË‘hË`m Zm|Xë`mM OmV ZmhrV.Voìhm, J¥hImË`mH$So> O‘m Pmcocr AmH$So>dmar I„S> Amho ho CKS> Amho. {edm`,AmË‘hË`m H$aUmao eoVH$ar O‘rZ‘mcH$ AmhoV. ^y{‘hrZm§n¡H$s ’$mago Hw$UrAmË‘hË`m Ho$ë`mMr Zm|X Zmhr. Voìhm 16% AmË‘hË`m XoemVrc 6 Vo 8 Q>¸o$eoVO‘rZYmaH$ H$aVmV Am{U hr n[apñWVr `mdh Amho ho eoVr‘§Í`m§Zr g‘OyZ¿`m`cm hdo hmoVo d ñnï> H$am`cm nm{hOo hmoVo. "‘moc| KmVco aS>`m, Zmhr Am§gyAm{U ‘m`m' Agm hm gJim àH$ma Amho.

Mmoam§À`m ~m|~m

~oMmirg

AÞXmË¶mcm Amg àmUXmZmMr

ewH«$dma {X. 30 OyZÀ`m gH$mir eoVH$ar g§KQ>H$gmR>r coI {c{hÊ`mgmR>r‘r ~gcmo Amho. AmO gH$mirM n§VàYmZ S>m°. ‘Z‘mohZ qgJ H¥${f‘§Ìr eaXndma Am{U Ë`m§À`m BVa ghH$mè`m§~amo~a {dX^m©V òUma AmhoV. {dX^m©VeoVH$è`m§À`m AmË‘hË`m§Mm hcH$„moi Mmccm Amho. Joë`m dfm©VM 600À`m da eoVH$è`m§Zr AmË‘hË`m Ho$ë`m. åhUOo Xa {Xder gamgar XmoZ eoVH$è`m§ZrAmnë`m OrdZmMm A§V Ho$cm. XwX£dmMr Jmoï> Aer H$s BVŠ`m àM§S> à‘mUmdaAmË‘hË`m hmoD$Zhr XoemVrc H$moUmMo A§V:H$aU H$idico Ago {XgV Zmhr.{dœZmW àVmnqgJm§À`m amOdQ>rV ‘§S>c Am`moJmÀ`m {e’$maer ñdrH$maÊ`mMoOmhra Pmë`mZ§Va 10-12 {dÚmÏ`mªZr AmË‘Xmh H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm Am{U{X„rMo gaH$ma JS>JS>co. gaH$mar AmH$So>dmarZwgma 1995 gmcmnmgyZ XoeâmVEH$ cj drg hOma eoVH$è`m§Zr AmË‘hË`m Ho$ë`m AmhoV. hr AmH$So>dmar ñdV:H¥${f‘§Í`m§Zr amÁ`gôV Am{U cmoH$gôV gmXa Ho$cocr Amho. VargwÕm, H$mhr^`mZH$ KS>Vo Amho Ago H$moUmcm dmQ>cogo {XgV Zmhr. `mg§~§Yr Aä`mgH$aÊ`mgmR>r ñdV: n§VàYmZ AmO {dX^m©V òV AmhoV.

emgH$s` AZmñWmJoë`m XmoZ dfmªV emgZmZo m AmË‘hË`m§À`m gmWr{df`r AZmñWm XmIdcr,

EdT>oM Zìho Va ‘¥V eoVH$è`m§Mr H$mhrer qQ>Jchr Ho$cr. AmË‘hË`m§MrH$maU‘r‘m§gm H$aVmZm XwîH$mi, A{Vd¥ï>r, {nH$m§darc amoJamB© Aem Añ‘mZrH$maUm§ì`{V[aŠV KamVrc AmOmanUo, ì`gZo, KaJwVr ^m§S>Uo Aer d¡`{º$H$H$maUo Am{U eodQ>r nmUrnwadR>çmÀ`m ì`dñWoMm A^md Am{U H$O©~mOmarnUmAem gwcVmZr H$mhr àemgH$s` A{YH$mè`m§Zr Va "Hw$Qw>§~mcm EH$ cmI énò{‘iVmV åhUyZ eoVH$ar AmË‘hË`m H$aVmV' Ago åhQ>ë`mMo dV©‘mZnÌmV à{gÕ


AmYmahr VwQ>cm. gmh{OH$M, eoVH$è`m§À`m AmË‘hË`m§Mo à‘mU PnmQ>çmZo dmT>co.10 {S>g|~aZ§Va KS>coë`m AmË‘hË`m§Mr g§»`m 200À`m da Jocr VoìhmnmgyZ

‘r amÁ`gô‘Üò m ~m~rMm C„oI H$aÊ`mMm dma§dma à`ËZ Ho$cm. Vmo EH$XmMèñdr Pmcm Am{U Ë`mZ§Va EH$m {df`mda EH$m gÌmV EH$XmM C„oI H$aVmòVmo Agm {Z`‘ gm§JyZ {deof C„oI H$aÊ`mMr g§Yr ZmH$maÊ`mV Amcr.AmË‘hË`m§Mm AmH$S>m ’w$JVM Mmccm.

dada ghmZw^yVr ZH$mo, ‘wimV Kmd hdm~è`mM H$mimn`ªV eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMo H$m`©H$V} eoVH$è`mÀ`m AmË‘hËòMr

~mV‘r Amcr H$s YmdyZ OmV, Hw$Qw>§~r`m§Mr {dMmanyg H$arV, AmË‘hËòMo H$maUg‘OyZ KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arV. Z§Va ‘mÌ hiyhiy m H$m‘mMm ~moOm Am{U Ë`mVrcd¡’$ë` Ë`m§Zm OmUdy cmJco. àËòH$ {R>H$mUr H$hmUr VrM • Mm§Jco nrH$Amco Var eoVH$ar H$Om©V ~wS>Vmo Am{U dgwcrÀ`m doir hmoUmè`m Aà{Vð>o‘wioOrdZ g§ndÊ`mÀ`m {ZU©`màV òVmo. ‘J Ooìhm XwîH$mi nS>Vmo qH$dm A{Vd¥ï>rhmoVo VoìhmM§ H$m` {dMmamdo? hiyhiy àËòH$ AmË‘hËòÀ`m àH$aUr OmD$ZMm¡H$er H$aÊ`mÀ`m H$m‘mV {T>conUm òD$ cmJcm.

Mm§XdS>À`m eoVH$ar ‘{hcm A{YdoeZmV (1986) ‘{hcm§da, {deofV:Zì`mZo c¾ hmoD$Z Amcoë`m gwZm§da hmoUmè`m AË`mMmam§À`m àH$aUm§{df`r~maH$mB©Zo MMm© Pmcr hmoVr. gwZm§À`m O{iVm§Mr qH$dm AmË‘hË`m§Mr àH$aUoAì`mhV KS>VM amhVmV. àËòH$ àH$aUr Xmof gmgyMm Am{U Zdè`mMmM AgVmoAgo Zmhr. Mm¡H$er ‘moR>r pŠcï> Am{U doi KoUmar AgVo. Oa {ZîH$f© O{iVgwZoÀ`m {damoYmV Joco Va H$m`©H$Ë`mªMm Yra IMVmo. EH$ àH$aU {ZH$mcmVcmJÊ`mAmYr Xhm Zdr àH$aUo C^r amhVmV. ho gd© nmhVm "pñÌ`m§da hmoUmè`mAË`mMmam§Mr d¡`{º$H$ àH$aUo eoVH$ar ‘{hcm AmKmS>rÀ`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªZr hmVmiyZòV, Aem AË`mMmam§Mo ‘yi H$maU emoYÊ`mMm Am{U Vo Xya H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZH$amdm, Ë`m~amo~aM ñÌr g‘wXm`mda åhUyZ {OWo AË`mMma hmoV AgVrc •CXmhaUmW© {X„rVrc 1984 gmcMo- erI {damoYr X§Jo • VoWo gd©eº$sZo CVamdo'Agm {ZU©` Mm§XdS>À`m eoVH$ar ‘{hcm A{YdoeZmV KoÊ`mV Amcm hmoVm.

`mM H$maUmZo pñÌ`m§À`m ‘mc‘Îmm hŠH$mg§~§Yr cú‘r‘wº$s Am{U pñÌ`m§MmOmM H$‘r H$aÊ`mH$[aVm Xmê$-XwH$mZ~§Xr Ago H$m`©H«$‘ eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m‘{hcm AmKmS>rZo KoVco.

`mM VH©$g§JVrZo EImÚm eoVH$è`mÀ`m AmË‘hËòàH$aUr Mm¡H$er H$ê$Z

‘hmamï´> amÁ` emgZmZo H$mhr Aä`mg Ho$cm Am{U 10 {S>g|~a 2005 amoOr{dX^m©Vrc AmË‘hË`mJ«ñV 6 {Oëøm§gmR>r EH$ {deof "JmR>moSo>'(Package) OmhraHo$co. ho H$aVmZm AmË‘hË`m H$aUmao eoVH$ar àm‘w»`mZo An§OrH¥$V gmdH$mam§‘wionr{S>V AgVmV Ago ‘w»`‘§Í`m§Zr åhQ>co. Cn‘w»`‘§Ìr Ama. Ama. nmQ>rc m§ZrVa cJoM gmdH$mam§Mr gmcQ>r H$mT>Ê`mn`ªV ^mfm Ho$cr. dñVwpñWVr Aer H$s~hþg§»` AmË‘hË`m eoVH$ar ghH$manr{S>V AmhoV. J«m‘rU ^mJmV JmdmonmS>rì`mnmar ~±H$m H$O©dgwcrgmR>r ’$maer Xm§S>Jo{Jar H$aV ZmhrV; Vo Ë`m§À`m ñd^mdmVZmhr Am{U cmoH$m§Mm amof AmoT>dyZ KoÊ`mMr Ë`m§Mr ‘mZ{gH$Vm ZgVo. ImOJrgmdH$ma ’$maer nR>mUr dgwcr H$aÊ`mMr qh‘V H$aV ZmhrV. Ë`m§Zm JmdmVamhm`Mo AgVo Am{U nmÊ`mV amhÿZ ‘mem§er d¡a KoÊ`mMr Ë`m§Mr qh‘V hmoVZmhr. AcrH$So> AH$mocm {OëømV EH$m gmdH$mamZo H$mhrer Xm§S>JmB© Ho$ë`mdaJmdH$è`m§Zr Ë`mcm R>ma ‘maë`mMr ~mV‘r dV©‘mZnÌmV Amcr Amho.H$O©dgwcrgmR>r Xm§S>JmB© H$aÊ`mMr qh‘V, VmH$X Am{U ~wÕr ’$º$ ghH$marg§ñWm§À`m dgwcr A{YH$mè`m§H$So>M AgVo. Amnë`m ‘mJo amÁ`gÎmm C^r AmhoAem ImÌrZo H$O©dgwcrgmR>r ghH$mar ‘§S>ir AZpÝdV Owcyy‘ H$aVmV.

ì`mnmar ~±H$m Am{U ghH$mar ~±H$m `m§À`m ‘mZ{gH$VoMm ’$aH$ AmUIrEH$m ~m~VrV àË``mg oVmo. ì`mnmar ~±H$m eoVH$è`mÀ`m H$Om©da ghgm MH«$dmT>ì`mO cmdV ZmhrV. mCcQ>, ghH$mar ~±H$m ‘mÌ gam©g MH«$dmT> ì`mO cmdVmV.EdT>oM Zìho Va, MH«$dmT> ì`mO ‘{hÝ`m‘{hÝ`mcm qH$dm {V‘mhr•ghm‘mhrZoMT>dVmV. ho gdmªZm ‘mhrV Amho. m ~m~VrV ghH$mar ~±H$m§Mo A{YH$mar gwàr‘H$moQ>m©À`m {ZU©`mMr nÌmg R>odV ZmhrV Am{U [aPìh© ~±Ho$À`m AmXoemMmhr‘wcm{hOm R>odV ZmhrV. hr Ë`m§Mr ~o‘yd©VImoa àd¥Îmr H$Om©À`m dgwcrÀ`m ~m~VrVA{YH$ H«y$aVoZo àË``mg òVo.

amÁ`mÀ`m J¥h‘§Í`m§ZrM gmcQ>r H$mT>Ê`mMr ^mfm Ho$ë`mZ§Va eoVH$è`m§ZmAS>rAS>MrVgwÕm, H$O©Va gmoS>mM nU XwH$mZXmam§Mr CYmargwÕm {‘ioZmer Pmcr.

"JmR>moS>çm'Zo KmV Ho$cm10 {S>g|~a 2005 amoOr amÁ` emgZmMo "JmR>moSo>' Omhra Pmco. JmR>moS>çmV

Omhra Pmcocr ‘XV H$moUË`mhr {OëømV àË`jmV nmohmoMcr Zmhr. ZmoH$aemhrAm{U nwT>mè`m§Zr hOma EH$ H$moQ>r én`m§Mr aŠH$‘ {Ji§H¥$V Ho$cr Agmdr hoCKS> Amho. "^rH$ ZH$mo nU Hw$Ìm Amda' Aer eoVH$è`m§Mr n[apñWVr Pmcr.‘XV Va {‘imcrM Zmhr, CcQ> A{V{~H$Q> n[apñWVrV {‘iUmam CYmaCgZdmarMm


H$amdm Aer! Ë`m VrZ dfmªV AOyZ {H$Vr hOma eoVH$ar AmË‘hË`m H$ê$ZOmVrc `mMr S>m°ŠQ>a gmho~m§Zm {’$H$sa {Xgcr Zmhr.

Xm¡am AW©VÁk n§VàYmZm§Mm{dX^m ©Vrc eoVH$è`m §À`m AmË‘hË`m MmcyM am{hë`m. gaH$mar

AmH$So>dmarà‘mUoM `§Xm Pmcoë`m AmË‘hË`m§Mm AmH$S>m 600À`m da JocmAm{U ‘J XñVyaIwÔ amÁ`‘mÝ` amOlr n§VàYmZ S>m°. ‘Z‘mohZ qgJOr `m§Mr{dX^m©Mr ôQ> Omhra Pmcr. cJoM Ymdni gwê$ Pmcr. XmoZ dfmªnydu àË`jgmo{Z`mXodr {dX^m©V òD$Z Joë`m hmoË`m. Img Zohê$-Jm§Yr e¡crZo Ë`m§ZrAmË‘hË`mJ«ñV Hw$Qw>§~m§Mr {dMmanyg Ho$ë`mMo {MÌU gd© dm{hÝ`m§Zr àgm[aVHo$co hmoVo. Ë`m§Zr {Xcoë`m AmœmgZm§Mr nyVu {H$Vr Pmcr Ë`mMr emoYmemoYgwê$ Pmcr Am{U Ë`mVrc EH$hr AmœmgZ nwao Pmco Zmhr ho ñnï> Pmco.gmo{Z`mXodtMr AmœmgZo AerM AgVmV. Ë`m§Mm H$mhr d¡Mm[aH$ ewÕVo~ÔcAm{U Z¡{VH$ ñdÀN>Vo~Ôc ’$magm ~^«m Zmhr. AJXr H$MmQ>çmV gmnS>ë`måhUOo XodrOr ‘moR>çm {eVm’$sZo Ë`mJmMo ZmQ>H$ H$ê$Z gQ>H$VmV, EdT>rM Ë`m§Mr»`mVr.

nU S>m°. ‘Z‘mohZqgJ `m§Mr Jmoï> doJir. n§. Zohê$§Zr ñdmV§Í`mZ§Va Jm§YrAW©emñÌmcm CcWyZ Q>mHy$Z g‘mOdmXmÀ`m ZmdmImcr cm`goÝg-na{_Q> H$moQ>mamÁ` Cô Ho$co. Ë`m g‘mOdmXmÀ`m S>mocmè`mcm n{hcm YŠH$m XoUmam AW©‘§ÌråhUyZ ‘Z‘mohZqgJmMr ‘mÝ`Vm. n§{S>V Zohê$§À`m VWmH${WV VQ>ñWVmdmXr naamï´>YmoaUmÀ`m AJXr Zo‘Ho$ CcQ>o OmD$Z A‘o[aHo$er gÝ‘mÝ` eVvda H$ama-‘XmaH$aÊ`mMr Hw$ecVm Ë`m§Zr XmIdcr. g§`wŠV nwamoJm‘r AmKmS>rÀ`m (g§nwAm)24 ‘{hÝ`m§À`m H$maH$sXuV ^«ï>mMmamMr AZoH$ àH$aUo CKS>r Pmcr, nUXwamÝd`mZohr EH$hr qeVmoS>m ‘Z‘mohZqgJm§À`m A§Jmcm {MH$Q>cm Zmhr. Aä`mgyAW©VÁk Am{U ñdÀN> Mm[aÍ`mMm àYmZ‘§Ìr hr Ë`m§Mr à{V‘m. Ë`m‘wio S>m°.‘Z‘mohZqgJ {dX^m©cm ôQ> Úm`cm òVmV ho Omhra Pmë`mda, gmh{OH$M{dX^©dmgr`m§À`m Amem nmcdë`m.

{dX^m©À`m hmcAnoï>m§Mr namH$mð>m Pmcr Vr OyZ ‘{hÝ`mÀ`m n{hë`m Am{UXwgè`m AmR>dS>çmV. nmdgmZo EH$ hþcH$mdUr XmIdyZ Vm|S> cndco. gwX¡dmZo,’$maM WmoS>çm eoVH$è`m§Zr noaUr H$aÊ`mMo YmS>g Ho$co. H$mnyg noaUrMr doiQ>iV Mmccocr Am{U nmdgmMo Zmd åhUyZ Zmhr. Aer Vr `mZH$ doi hmoVr.Iao åhQ>co Va Ë`mdoir S>m°. ‘Z‘mohZqgJ `m§Zr {dX^m©cm ôQ> XoD$Z OZm§Zm

Ë`mÀ`m ‘mJo am{hcoë`m Hw$Qw> §~mcm cmoH$m§H$Sy>Z ‘XV {‘idyZ XoUo qH$dmgaH$maH$Sy>Z ânmB© H$ê$Z XoUo ho ‘moR>o pŠcï> Am{U doiH$mTy> H$m‘ Amho. EH$àH$aU {ZH$mcr cmJÊ`mAmYr Xhm AmË‘hË`m§Mo àH$ma KS>VmV.

Aem n[apñWVrV eoVH$è`m§À`m AmË‘hË`m§Mo EH$ H$maU H$O©~mOmarnUmXya H$amdm ho A{YH$ C{MV åhUyZ eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo H$O©‘wº$s, MH«$dmT> ì`mO‘wº$sAem H$m`©H«$‘m§da â {Xcm.

Jocr 25 df} {dX^m©V eoVH$è`m§Mr àm{V{Z{YH$ g§KQ>Zm åhUOo eoVH$arg§KQ>Zm ho gd©‘mÝ` Amho. eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zocm Zmdo R>odUmao cmoH$hr g§KQ>ZoMm{~„m cmdë`m{edm` ~mocy YOV ZmhrV. Aer eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm H$O©‘wº$s,MH«$dmT>ì`mO‘wº$s Am{U X{jU ‘hmamï´>mVrc CgmMo Am§XmocZ `m§V Jw§VcrAmho ho nmhVm H$mhr nwT>mè`m§Mo Am{U g§KQ>Zm§Mo ’$mdco. Ë`m§Zr ‘moR>çm H$Q>mjmZoAmË‘hV eoVH$è`m§Mr AmH$So>dmar Jmoim H$am`cm gwédmV Ho$cr, Ë`mVrcH$mhrOUm§À`m Kar oQ>r KoD$Z nÌH$~mOr gwê$ Ho$cr. B§Q>aZoQ> Omù`mda "g§Ho$VñWi' V`ma H$ê$Z AmË‘hË`m§Mr AmH$So>dmar Am{U Vnerc Zm|X{dÊ`mg gwédmVHo$cr. Eadr eoVH$è`m§À`m H$mnyg-{dH«$s-ñdmV§Í`mcm {damoY H$aUmar hr ‘§S>irAmVm H$mngmÀ`m mdmg§~§Yr VmdmVmdmZo ~mocy cmJcr. àoV nS>ë`mZ§Va {JYmS>m§ZrO‘m ìhmdo Ë`mnojm OmñV VËnaVoZo ho nwT>mar Am{U ñd`§godr g§KQ>Zm§Mo H$m`©H$V}MniVm XmIdy cmJco AmhoV.

H$m`ÚmMr ‘XV?‘hmamï´> amÁ` emgZmMm AmË‘hË`màdUVm H$‘r H$aÊ`mMm H$m`©H«$‘ nma

Vm|S>mer nS>ë`mda H|$Ðr` H¥${f‘§Ìr eaX ndma nwT>o gagmdco. Ho$ai, Am§Y«àXoe, H$Zm©Q>H$ d ‘hmamï´> `m AmË‘hË`màdU amÁ`m§Mo ‘w»`‘§Ìr Am{U ‘w»`g{Md m§À`m~amo~a h¡Xam~mX oWo, ‘moR>m JmOmdmOm H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zr n[afX KoVcrAm{U eoVH$è`m§À`m AmË‘hË`m§À`m H$maUm§Mm gImoc Aä`mg H$aÊ`mMmH«$m§{VH$mar (?) {ZU©` KoD$Z ‘§S>ir nm§Jcr. S>m°. ñdm‘rZmWZ `m§À`mH$So>{dX^m©Vrc eoVH$è`m§À`m AmË‘hË`m§Mo ahñ` emoYÊ`mMo H$m‘ XoÊ`mV Amco.S>m°ŠQ>agmho~ n{hë`m loUtMo emñÌk; nU ½`mZ~mÀ`m AW©emñÌmMm Ë`m§ZmJ§Yhr Zmhr. Varhr, Ë`m§Zr H$mngmcm é. 3000 àVr pŠd§Q>c md Úmdm Am{UeoVrg§~§YrMr H$O©ì`dñWm Am‘ycmJ« ~Xcmdr Aer {e’$mag Ho$cr. mncrH$So>OmD$Z Ë`m§Zr XmoZ S>PZ {e’$maer Ho$ë`m. Ë`mVrc gdmªV ‘hÎdmMr {e’$magåhUOo Aem àH$aUm§V ‘XV H$aÊ`mgmR>r EH$ "gÁOS> H$mof' VrZ dfmªV V`ma


AdS§>~a {ZaW©H$ hmoVo.`m CKS> CKS> gd©‘mÝ` dñVwpñWVrdê$Z H$mhr Jmoï>r ñnï> hmoVmV.‘yc^yV H$maU ogd©M eoVr VmoQ>çmV Amho Ago AgVmZm AmË‘hË`m§V H$mnyg eoVH$è`m§Mo

à‘mU Am{YŠ`mZo H$m? CÎma ñnï> Amho. ^maV emgZmÀ`m ì`mnma ‘§Ìmc`mZoOmJ{VH$ ì`mnma g§ñWog {Xcoë`m AmH$So>dmarZwgma ~hþVoH$ gd© eoVr‘mcm§ZmgaH$maZo CcQ>r g~{gS>r cmdcocr Amho. åhUOo ~hþVoH$ gd©M {nH$m§Mm CËnmXZIM©hr ^ê$Z {ZKV Zmhr; nU Aem `m VmoQ>çmÀ`m eoVr‘Üò gdmªV A{YH$VmoQ>çmMr eoVr H$mngmMr. ~mH$s gd© {nH$mÀ`m ~m~VrV eoVH$è`mMm CËnmXZIM© é. 183 Agoc Va Ë`mcm {‘iUmam md 100 én`mda ZgVmo ho emgZmZo‘mÝ` Ho$coco gË` Amho. H$mngmÀ`m ~m~VrV Va hr n[apñWVr A{YH$M {dnarVAmho. H$mngmMm CËnmXZIM© énò 210 Agcm Var Am‘ qhXwñWmZmVrceoVH$è`m§Zm énò 100À`m da md {‘iy Zò Aer YmoaUo H|$Ð emgZmZo am~dcrAmhoV. Ë`mV AmUIr {dnarVnUmMr Ma‘gr‘m åhUOo OJmÀ`m ~mOmanoR>oV^md 210 énò AgVmZm XoemVrc BVa amÁ`m§Zm énò 100 {‘iV hmoVm Va‘hmamï´>mVrc H$mnyg EH$m{YH$ma IaoXr moOZo‘wio ‘hmamï´>mVrc H$mnyg eoVH$è`m§ZmVodT>mhr ^md {‘iV ZìhVm. EH$m{YH$ma `moOZm gwê$ Pmë`mnmgyZ {dX^m©VrceoVH$è`m§Zm ’$º$ VrZ dfmªMm AndmX gmoS>ë`mg àËòH$ dfu cJVÀ`m ‘Ü`àXoe, Am§Y« àXoe qH$dm JwOamV m amÁ`m§Vrc ~mOmanoR>oV eoVH$è`m§Zm {‘iUmam^mdhr {‘imcm Zmhr ho CKS> Amho. H$mnyg EH$m{YH$ma `moOZoÀ`m H$mimV‘hmamï´>mVrc H$mnyg eoVH$è`m§Mo ZwH$gmZ {H$Vr Pmco `mMm EH$ A§XmO énò30 hOma H$moQ>r BVH$m OmVmo. `m `moOZoZo OI‘r Pmcoë`m eoVH$è`m§Mr OI‘40 df} gS>V (Gangreene) Amho. gÜ`mÀ`m AmË‘hË`m§Mr cmQ> àm‘w»`mZo"H$mnyg EH$m{YH$ma IaoXr `moOZoZo eoVH$è`m§da KmVcoco Kmd {MKië`mZoAmë`mMo {ZXmZ `mo½` hmoB©c.

AmUIr EH$ ‘hÎdmMr Jmoï> cjmV KoVcr nm{hOo. `m AmË‘hË`m§Mo H$maUVËH$mcrZ Zmhr. EH$ XmoZ df} nmD$g nS>cm Zmhr qH$dm nrH$~yS> Pmcr åhUyZAmË‘hË`m H$aÊ`mBVH$m {dX^m©Vrc eoVH$ar Km`Hw$Vm Zmhr.

g§nÞ {dX^m©Mo AnhaU{dX^m©Vrc eoVH$è`m§À`m AmË‘hËòMr H$maUo VmËH$m{cH$ ZmhrV Ver Vr

’$ma OwZrhr ZmhrV. AJXr ‘mÂ`m AmR>dUrV {dX^© hm g§nÞ àXoe ‘mZcm OmV

AmYma Úm`cm nm{hOo hmoVm. Ë`m§Mr òÊ`mMr VmarI R>acr, Omhra Pmcr Vr30 OyZ. 30 OyZn`ªV nmD$g nwÝhm òUma `mV H$mhr e§H$mM ZìhVr. `mMmAW© eoVH$è`m§À`m H«$moYmÀ`m Am{U AmH«$moemÀ`m gdm©V CJ« ñdê$nmcm gm‘moaoOmÊ`mMo àYmZ‘§Í`m§Zr {eVm’$sZo Q>mico. cmoH$m§À`m ‘ZmV e§Ho$Mr n{hcr nmcMwH$MwH$cr. eoVH$è`m§Mo Ord XoUo MmcyM am{hco. ñdV: àYmZ‘§Ìr oV AmhoV,H$mhr gwYmaUm hmoB©c, WmoSo> {Xdg H$i H$mTy>`m Aem {dMmamZoXoIrc AZoH$eoVH$ar AmË‘hË oÀ`m {Z:œmgmnmgyZ Xya Pmco ZmhrV. AmË‘hË`m MmcyM am{hë`m.

Ë`mZ§Va, H¥${f‘§Í`m§À`m égdm’w$JdrMo EH$ ZmQ>H$ KS>co. "AJ§ AJ§ åher,‘cm H$moR>o Zoer' Ago åhUV n§VàYmZm§À`m gmo~V OmÊ`mg eaX ndma amOrPmco Am{U AmO gH$mir hr OmoS>r {dX^m©V AdVrU© Pmcocr Agoc.

H$mhr AmË‘hË`mJ«ñV eoVH$ar n[admam§Zm n§VàYmZ ôQ> XoVrc, H$mhrA{YH$mè`m§er {dMma{d{Z‘` H$aVrc Am{U OmVmZm nmhþÊ`mZo KamVrc ‘wcm§À`mhmVmda ImD$ R>odyZ Omdo Vgo n°Ho$O Omhra H$aVrc. eoVH$è`m§À`m EH$m dJm©cmH$O©‘wº$sgwÕm n§VàYmZ Omhra H$aVrc Aer dX§Vm Amho.

{dX^m©Vrc eoVH$è`m§À`m AmË‘hË`m§Mo Aä`mg AZoH$m§Zr Ho$co. gmao Aä`mgàm‘w»`mZo eoVrg§~§YrMr YmoaUo AmIÊ`mMo Am{U am~dÊ`mMo H$m‘ H$aUmè`mZmoH$aXma VÁk Am{U nwT>mar ‘§S>itZrM Ho$co. àË`jmV JwÝhoJma qH$dm g§e{`VmdaMJwÝømÀ`m VnmgmMr O~m~Xmar Q>mH$cr Va Á`m VèhoZo Amnë`mdarc Ami PQ>H$cmOmB©c AgoM AÝdofU Vo H$aVrc, VgoM H$mhrgo Pmco Amho. åhUyZ, gd© Ahdmc{ZgJ© Am{U eoVH$ar `m§À`mda gmar O~m~Xmar Q>mHy$Z ‘moH$io Pmco AmhoV.

AmË‘hË`m§Mo dmñVdeoVH$è`m§À`m AmË‘hË`m§g§~§Yr Iar n[apñWVr H$m` Amho Vo nmhÿ `m. ‘J

Ë`mVyZ {ZîH$f© H$m` {ZKVmV Vo nmhÿ.1) XoeâmV AmOn`ªV KS>coë`m eoVH$è`m§À`m AmË‘hË`m§V gdm©{YH$ à‘mU

H$mnyg CËnmXH$ eoVH$è`m§Mo Amho. ‘hmamï´> amÁ`mV AmË‘hË`m§Mo à‘mU gdmªVA{YH$ {dX^© `m H$mnygCËnmXH$ àXoemV Amho.

2) AmË‘hË`mJ«ñV eoVH$è`m§n¡H$s ~hþVoH$ gd©OU O‘rZ‘mcH$ eoVH$arAmhoV, ^y{‘hrZ ‘Oya ZmhrV. Voìhm "Am‘ AmX‘r'À`m ZmdmImcr"O‘rZgwYmaUm§Mm A^md' Aer H$maU‘r‘m§gm ~mîH$i hmoB©c.

3) ~hþVoH$ AmË‘hË`mJ«ñV eoVH$ar ghH$mar ~±H$m§À`m nR>mUr dgwcrZo ÌñVPmcoco hmoVo. Ë`m‘wio ImOJr gmdH$mar{damoYmMo OwZo JwiJwirV Pmcoco g‘mOdmXr


hmV PQ>H$Vm òUma Zmhr.{dX^m©Vrc nmUrnwadR>çmÀ`m `moOZm Ëd[aV JVrZo nyU© H$ê$Z VoWrc

eoVH$è`m§Zm Z¡g{J©H$ àH$monmnmgyZ g§ajU XoUo ho ‘hÎdmMo H$m‘ Amho.A§VVmoJËdm, {dX^© ‘hmamï´ >mnmgyZ doJim Pmë`mIoarO {dX^m©À`m

X¡dXw{d©cmgmÀ`m ^`mU A§H$mda nS>Xm nS>Uma Zmhr; nU ho H$aÊ`mg H$mhrdf} OmVrc. eoVH$è`m§À`m AmË‘hË`m VmVS>rZo Wm§~dm`À`m AgVrc Va H$m`à`ËZ Ho$co nm{hOo?

AJXr VmVS>rÀ`m Cnm``moOZm1) ‘aUmÀ`m gr‘oda nmohmoMcoë`m eoVH$è`m§Mm AmH«$moe EoH$cm OmÊ`mMr

`moOZm Ho$cr nm{hOo. àËòH$ VmcwŠ`mV, {OëømV EH$ Q>o{c’$moZ Z§~a OmhraH$ê$Z AmË`§{VH$ n[apñWVrV nmohmoMcoë`m eoVH$è`m§Zr VoWo g§nH©$ gmYmdmAgo Omhra H$amdo. g§nH©$ gmYUmè`m eoVH$è`mMr VrZ Vmgm§À`m AmV gaH$marA{YH$mè`m§Zr JmR>ôQ> KoD$Z Ë`mÀ`m H$Om©Mr n[apñWVr g‘OmdyZ ¿`mdr, Ë`mcm‘mJ©Xe©Z, Am{W©H$ d BVa ‘XV H$ê$Z Ë`mcm d¡’$ë`‘wº$ H$amdo.

2) eoVH$è`m§Mr H$O} ~oH$m`Xoera Am{U AZ¡{VH$ AmhoV ho eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZodma§dma nQ>dyZ {Xco Amho. nwT>mè`m§Zm ho nQ>V Zmhr. Am§Y« àXoe, n§Om~, Vm{‘iZmSy>òWo eoVrcm ’w$H$Q> drO Am{U H$O©‘wº$s {‘imcr. g§nwAmcm ho ‘mÝ` hmoVZmhr. Vm~S>Vmo~rMm Am{U VmËnwwaVm Cnm` ghO H$aVm oB©c. ga N>moQy>am‘ m§À`mZoV¥ËdmImcr w{Z`{ZñQ> nmQ>ucm EH$g§Y n§Om~‘Üò H$m`Xm H$ê$Z H$O©dgwcrnmoQ>reoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z O‘rZ H$mTy>Z KoUo ~oH$m`Xoera R>adco hmoVo. Ë`m~amo~aM,eoVH$è`m§H$S>rc eoVrH$m‘mMr Am{U Xw^Vr OZmdao d ‘mc‘Îmm OßV H$aÊ`mgmR>r~§Xr KmVcr hmoVr. 75 dfmªnydu ho n§Om~mV KSy> eH$co.

Ë`mdoiÀ`m Land Alianation A°ŠQ>gmaIm H$m`Xm ghO A‘cmV AmUVmòB©c. H$moUË`mhr n[apñWVrV O~aXñVrMr dgwcr XIcnmÌ JwÝhm R>adÊ`mVAmcr nm{hOo. Ë`m~amo~aM gwàr‘ H$moQ>m©À`m d [aPìh© ~±Ho$À`m AmXoem{déÕOmD$Z MH«$dmT> ì`mOmMr AmH$maUr H$aUo hmhr XIcnmÌ JwÝhm R>a{dÊ`mVAmcm nm{hOo.

3) eoVH$è`m§À`m AmË‘hË`m VmVS>rZo Wm§~dÊ`mMm AmUIr EH$ Cnm`.~hþVoH$ eoVH$ar ~mnmMr O‘rZ {‘imcr åhUyZ Am{U Xwgè`m ì`dgm`mV OmVmòV Zmhr åhUyZ eoVr H$aVmV. h[aV H«$m§VrMr eoVr AZoH$m§Zm ^mdV ZìhVr.Ë`m§À`mn¡H$s H$mhtZm Hw$iH$m`Xm, H$‘mc O‘rZYmaUm H$m`Xm, O‘rZXmar{damoYr

Ago. {dX^m©Vco nmhþUo VoWrc gwJ§Yr ^mVmÀ`m Am{U cmoUH$T>çm VwnmÀ`mgwdmgmMr H$Wm n{ü‘ ‘hmamï´>mVrc ñZohrg§~§YtZm ‘moR>çm a§JdyZ EoH$dV AgV.{dX^m©Vrc gmgwadmS>r {‘iUo n{ü‘ ‘hmamï´>mVrc cmoH$m§Zm m½`moX` dmQ>o Am{U{dX^m©V ‘wcJr XoUo ho n{ü‘ ‘hmamï´>mVrc cmoH$ ‘moR>o à{Vð>oMo ‘mZrV. ‘hmamï´>merB{VhmgmV H$Yrhr g§c¾ Zgcocm {dX^© àXoe; à^y am‘M§ÐmZo g§`V {dÛmZm§MmåhUyZ gm§{JVcocm {dX © àXoe; ‘Ü`àm§VmMr amOYmZr ZmJnya Agcoë`m {dX^m©MmàXoe. H$mngmMo nm§T>ao gmoZo, ZmJnwar g§Ìr Am{U cmoI§S>, ‘±JZrO, H$moigmAem I{ZOm§Zr g§nÞ àXoe AmO BVH$m T>mgicm H$s VoWrc eoVH$è`m§Zm OJUoAgø ìhmdo? B{Vhmgmcm hr H$cmQ>Ur {‘imcr Ho$ìhmnmgyZ? `mMr VmarIñnï> Amho.

‘hmamï´>mMo ñdV§Ì amÁ` V`ma Pmco Va Ë`mV H$m±J«ogcm gÎmm {‘iUma ZmhrAm{U ‘w§~B©Mm I{OZm Am{U ‘hmamï´>mMr àkm {damoYH$m§À`m hmVr OmB©c `m^rVrZo n§{S>V Zohê$§Zr {dX^© àXoe ~ioM ‘hmamï´>mV T>H$ccm. {dX^m©Vrc gd©H$m±J«og ZoË`m§Zr `m AnhaUmcm g§‘Vr {Xcr. ZmJnya H$amamMm EH$ H$mJXmMmVwH$S>m V`ma H$ê$Z ‘hmamï´>mZo "{dX^© haU' Ho$co.

H$maImZXmarV Am{U ì`mnmamV nwT>macoë`m ‘hmamï´>mcm H$ÀÀ`m ‘mcmMrg§nXm {ZgJm©Zo ~hmc Ho$cocm {dX^© OmoS>cm Jocm Am{U ‘J {dX^m©darc ~cmËH$magwê$ Pmcm. {dX^m©Vrc nm§T>ao gmoZo cwQ>Ê`mgmR>r H$mnyg EH$m{YH$ma IaoXr moOZmH$aÊ`mV Amcr. `m `moOZoMm ‘w»` ’$m`Xm ’$º$ ‘w§~B©Mo {JaUr‘mcH$ Am{UEH$m{YH$mamVrc Jo«oS>a VgoM amÁ`H$Ë`m© njmÀ`m nwT>mè`m§Mm Pmcm. eoVH$arAjae: {niyZ {ZKmcm.

{dX^m©Mr Ocg§nXm ’$ma ‘moR>r Amho; nU ‘hmamï´>mÀ`m A§XmOnÌH$mV gd©n¡gm H¥$îUm Imoè`mVrc nmUrnwadR>m moOZm§gmR>r dmnacm Jocm. H¥$îUm Imoè`mMm{dH$mg Pmcm Zmhr Va VoWrc nmÊ`mMm hŠH$ ‘hmamï´> H$m`‘Mm J‘dyZ ~gocAgm YmH$ XmIdyZ {dX^m©Vrc gd© nmUrnwadR>çmÀ`m `moOZm§Zm ~Jc XoÊ`mVAmcr.

{dX^m©À`m AZweofmMo AmH$So> hOmamo H$moQ>tMo Pmco Varhr Vmo AZweofg§ndÊ`mgmR>r H$mhrhr gÁOS> à`ËZ Pmco ZmhrV.

VmËn`©, {dX^m©Vrc eoVH$è`m§Mr emoH$m§{VH$m H$mnyg EH$m{YH$mamVyZ {Z‘m©UPmcr Am{U ‘hmamï´>mZo cmXcoë`m AZweofmZo Pmcr. {dX^m©À`m AnhaUmgO~m~Xma Agcoë`m H|$Ðr` Am{U d¡Xû` H$m±J«og ZoË`m§Zm `m O~m~XmarnmgyZ


ÌoMmirg

~{iamOm AmVm VwPm VodT>m AmYma

{dX^m©V eoVH$è`m§‘Üò AmË‘hËòMr gmW ngacr Amho. Ë`m gmWrcmAmda H$moUrM Kmcy eH$coco Zmhr. ‘w»`‘§Í`m§Zr 10 {S>g|~a 2005 amoOr{dX^m©Vrc 6 {Oëøm§gmR>r hOmaoH$ H$moQ>r én`m§Mo JmR>moSo> {Xco Var eoVH$è`m§À`mAmË‘hË`m MmcyM am{hë`m, EdT>oM Zìho Va dmT>ë`m. ‘mZZr` H¥${f‘§Ìr lr.eaX ndma `m§Zr h¡Xam~mX òWo AmË‘hË`màdU amÁ`m§Mo ‘w»`‘§Ìr d A{YH$mar`m§Mr EH$ ~¡R>H$ KoD$Z eoVH$è`m§À`m AmË‘hË`m§{df`r H$amd`mÀ`mCnm``moOZmË‘H$ H$m`©dmhr~Ôc MMm© Ho$cr Ë`mVyZhr H$mhr {ZînÞ Pmco Zmhr.AcrH$So> XñVyaIwÔ n§VàYmZ {dX^m©V òD$Z Joco Am{U Ë`m§Zrhr 3750 H$moQ>rén`m§Mo JmR>moSo> {dX^m©Vrc AmË‘hË`màdU {Oëøm§Zm XoD$ Ho$co VarhreoVH$è`m§À`m AmË‘hË`m H$mhr Wm§~ë`m ZmhrV.

`m AmË‘hË`m H$m hmoVmV? H$O©~mOmar Pmcocm eoVH$ar dfm©Zwdf} {ZgJm©erAm{U emgZmer PJS>m XoV haë`mZ§Va hVme hmoVmo. dfm©Zwdf} gmR>coco H$O©Am{U Ë`mdarc ì`mO `m§À`m dgwcrH$aVm gmdH$mar nÕVrZo ghH$mar ~±H$m§MoA{YH$mar Amco åhUOo gd©Xya Aà{Vð>m hmoVo, ho nmhÊ`mnojm S>moio {‘Q>coco~ao `m ^mdZoZo eoVH$ar eodQ>r OdiÀ`m {dfmÀ`m Hw$nrH$So> diVmo. honwîH$igo gË` Amho.

nU, AmË‘hË`m§Mo AmUIrhr gImoc {dícofU hmoÊ`mMr JaO Amho.AmË‘hË`m An‘mZmnmoQ>r, J[a~rnmoQ>r hmoV AgVrc Va Ë`m§Mo à‘mU gdmªVOmñV {~hma, CÎma àXoe, Amo[agm `m§gma»`m ‘mJmgcoë`m amÁ`m§V Agm`cmhdo; nU Ver n[apñWVr Zmhr. mCcQ>, AmË‘hË`m§Mo gdmªV OmñV à‘mU Am§Y«àXoe, H$Zm©Q>H$, Ho$ai Am{U ‘hmamï´> `m§gma»`m eoVrjoÌmV àJV Agcoë`mamÁ`m§VM {XgyZ òVo.

H$m`Xm Aem H$m`Úm§Zr O{‘ZrnmgyZ gwQ>H$m {‘imcr. Oo eoVrÀ`m JV}VyZ gwQ>coË`m§Mo ^co Pmco. AmVm, OmJ{VH$sH$aUmÀ`m Am{U O¡{dH$ V§ÌkmZmÀ`meoVrg‘ñ`m eoVH$è`m§Zm AJXr AZmo»`m AmhoV. h[aV H«$m§VrÀ`m AmYr eoVrZ nocUmè`m§Zm eoVrVyZ gwQ>Ê`mMr eŠ`Vm, AZdYmZmZo H$m hmoB©Zm {‘imcr.`m Xwgè`m eoVrH«$m§VrÀ`m AmYr eoVH$è`m§Zm O{‘ZrÀ`m H$MmQ>çmVyZ gwQ>Ê`mMrg§Yr {‘imcr nm{hOo. Á`mcm eoVrì`dgm` gmoS>m`Mm Amho Ë`m§Zm O‘rZ {dH$VmòB©c Am{U Á`m§Zm eoVrì`dgm` H$aÊ`mgmR>r Am{W©H$ ì`dñWmnH$s` Am{UVm§{ÌH$ Hw$dV Amho Ë`m§Zm O‘rZ {dH$V KoD$Z eoVrì`dgm`mV oVm Amco nm{hOo.`mgmR>r O{‘ZrÀ`m ~mOmanoR>oMr C^maUr VmVS>rZo Ho$cr Jocr nm{hOo. H$moUË`mhreoVH$è`mcm O‘rZ H$mT>m`Mr Agoc Va amoI ‘wÐm§H$ ewëH$mBVH$s aŠH$‘ ddf©âmÀ`m AmV ~mOma^mdmZo {H§$_V {‘iÊ`mMr ì`dñWm Pmcr nm{hOo.

4) {dX^m©Vrc nmUrnwadR>çmÀ`m `moOZm§Zm gdm© oÀM àmYmÝ` XoD$ZA§‘c~OmdUr Pmcr nm{hOo.

5) ‘hmamï´> amÁ` H$mnyg EH$m{YH$ma IaoXr moOZm g§nwï>mV Amcr Amho Am{U{VMo nwZéÁOrdZ Ho$co OmUma Zmhr Ago Omhra H$am`cm nm{hOo.

6) gÜ`m {dî`mMr H$mhrM emœVr Zgë`mZo H$mnyg ì`mnmar XyaÑï>rZo eoVr‘Ü oH$mhr Jw§VdUyH$ H$aÊ`mg YOmdV ZmhrV. EH$m{YH$ma ì`dñWm nwar JmS>crJocr Amho. Ago ñnï> Pmco Va ì`mnmar A{YH$ H$m`©j‘VoZo Am{U A{YH$MT>Ë`m ^mdmZo IaoXr H$ê$ eH$Vrc.

AmUIr EH$ Cnm` coI g§ndÊ`mnydu ‘m§S>Vmo; nU `mMm AW© Vmo H$‘r‘hÎdmMm Zmhr. {dX^m©da H$mnyg EH$m{YH$ma d nmUrnwadR>m moOZm§Vrc Adeof`m‘wio Pmcocm ~cmËH$ma Xya H$aÊ`mgmR>r doJù`m {dX^© ~iramÁ`mMr KmofUmVmVS>rZo Pmcr nm{hOo.

n§VàYmZ S>m°. ‘Z‘mohZqgJ BVŠ`m ImocmV OmD$Z AmË‘qMVZ H$aVrc Aer‘mPr Anojm Zmhr; n[aUm‘H$maH$ VmVS>rMr Am{U XrK© ‘wXVrMr Cnm``moOZmA‘cmV AmUVrc ho H$m±J«og Hw$cmV hmoUo Zmhr; nU Varhr m ‘hÎdmÀ`m jUr{dX^m©Vrc eoVH$è`m§À`m AmË‘hËòMr ‘r‘m§gm coIr Zm|Xcocr Agmdr åhUyZho gJio {c{hco.



‘mUgo mcm Cn^moJdmXr g‘mOmMr AZ¡{VH$Vm hoM H$maU Agë`mMo gm§JVmV.^maVmVhr, AcrH$So> H¥${f‘§Í`m§Zr g§gXoV gmXa Ho$coë`m AmH$So>dmarZwgma,

60 Q>¸o$ eoVH$è`m§V 16 Q>¸o$ AmË‘hË`m hmoVmV Va 40 Q>¸o$ {~JaeoVH$è`m§V84 Q>¸o$ AmË‘hË`m hmoVmV. AmUIr ‘hÎdmMr Jmoï> åhUOo {~JaeoVH$arg‘mOmV AmË‘hË`m H$aUmè`m§Mo à‘mU gdmªV OmñV ZmoH$aXmam§V Amho.~oamoOJmahr AmË‘hË`m H$aVmV Am{U Á`m§Zm Mm§Jcr ZmoH$ar {‘imcr AmhoAer ‘mUgohr AmË‘hË`m H$aVmV.

g§nÞ g‘mOmV AmË‘hË`m A{YH$ ìhmì`mV Am{U H$m¡Qw>§{~H$ d gm‘m{OH$àý A{YH$ {~H$Q> ìhmdo `mV Amü`© dmQ>Ê`mgmaIo H$mhrM Zmhr. g§nÞg‘mOmVrc àËòH$ ì`ŠVrg A{YH$m{YH$ g§Yr àmßV hmoVmV Am{U ñdmV§Í`mÀ`mH$jm é§XmdV AgVmZm àËòH$ doir {ZdS> Am{U {ZU©` H$aÊ`mÀ`m O~m~XmarZoË`mÀ`mda ‘mZ{gH$ VmU nS>Vmo. OwÝ`m H$miÀ`m gmÜ`mgwÜ`m OrdZmV {ZdS>Am{U {ZU©` H$aÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm ‘mUgm§Zm ’$ma WmoS>r {‘iV Ago. `m {ZU©`H$aÊ`mÀ`m à{H«$òV ‘mZ{gH$ VmU Amho. AmnU Ho$cocm {ZU©` ~amo~a AmhoqH$dm Zmhr `m~ÔcMr WmoS>r qMVm Amho. Z§Va MwH$sÀ`m em~rV Pmcoë`m{ZU©`m§~Ôc I§V Amho. `m‘wio, ‘mZ{gH$ VUmd A{YH$ dmT>V OmVmV Am{UË`mVyZM A‘o[aH$mgÑe n[apñWVr V`ma hmoD$ eH$Vo.

{~hma, CÎma àXoe, Amo[agm `m§gma»`m amÁ`m§V AmË‘hË`m hmoV ZmhrV`mMm AW© VoWrc eoVH$ar ’$ma H$mhr gwIr Amho Agm Zmhr. ImÊ`mMr ^«m§VAgcocm {~hma‘Yrc eoVH$ar AmË‘hË`m H$arV Zmhr `mMm AW© Vmo ‘ZmZo‘moR>m I§~ra Amho Agohr Zmhr. AJXr namH$moQ>rÀ`m AS>MUrV gmnS>cocm{~hma‘Yrc eoVH$ar JwÝhoJmarH$So> dioc, ‘mam`cm V`ma hmoB©c, MmoarH$am`cm V`ma hmoB©c, XamoSo> Kmcm`cm V`ma hmoB©c; nU AmË‘hË`m H$aÊ`mH$So>Ë`mMr àd¥Îmr hmoUma Zmhr. {dX^m©Vrc g§ñH¥$Vr àmMrZ H$mimnmgyZ g§`Vg§ñH¥$Vr åhUyZ à{gÕ Amho. {dX^m©Vrc ‘mUgo gm¡å` Am{U gÁOZ Agë`m~ÔcË`m§Mr à»`mVr Amho. hr ‘mUgo qhgmMmamH$So> diyZ ñdV:Mr Vw§~S>r aÊ`mMm{dMmahr H$aUo eŠ` Zmhr. Ë`m§À`mnwT>o n`m©` amhVmo Vmo Ho$di ñdV:MrOrdZ`mÌm g§n{dÊ`mMmM.

AmË‘hË`m§Mr EH$ gmWhr AgVo. ‘§S>c Am`moJmÀ`m doir {X„rVrc nmM-Xhm {dÚmÏ`mªZr AmË‘hË`m Ho$ë`m. EH$mZo AmË‘hË`m Ho$ë`m~amo~a Xwgè`mZoHo$cr, {Vgè`mZo Ho$cr • Aer Xhm {dÚmÏ`mªZr EH$m nmR>monmR> AmË‘hË`m

`m n[apñWVrMm ’$m`Xm H$mhr ‘mJmg ‘Zmod¥ÎmrMo cmoH$ KoD$ nmhVmV Am{U""Á`m eoVH$è`m§Zr gwYm[aV eoVr Ho$cr Ë`m§À`m‘ÜòM AmË‘hË`m§Mo à‘mUA{YH$ Amho. `mCcQ>, OoWo ‘mJmg, nma§n[aH$ eoVr Mmcy Amho VoWrc eoVH$arg§nÞ Pmco Zgco Var AmË‘hËòH$So> T>H$cco Joco ZmhrV'' Agm w{º$dmX H$ê$nmhVmV. ZdrZ V§ÌkmZm‘wioM AmË‘hË`m Amë`m Am{U ZdrZ V§ÌkmZmcmcmJUmè`m IVo d Am¡fYo m§Vrc ogir‘wio Ë`mV a nS>cr Agmhr m ‘mJmg‘Zmod¥ÎmrÀ`m cmoH$m§Mm `wpŠVdmX Amho.

AmË‘hË`m§À`m à‘mUmV ^cr‘moR>r dmT> hmoÊ`mMo gm§{JVco OmUmao EH$H$maU ‘moR>o {d{MÌ Amho. H$Om©nmoQ>r AmË‘hË`m Ho$ë`mMo {gÕ Pmco Va gaH$maAmË‘hË`m H$aUmè`mÀ`m n[admamg cmIâ énò XoVo Am{U Ë`m‘wio AmnU‘ocmo Var {‘imcoë`m cmIâ én`m§À`m ZwH$gmZânmB©‘Üò {ZXmZ Hw$Qw>§~VarH$O©‘wº$ hmoB©c `m ^mdZoZo H$mhr eoVH$ar AmË‘hËòcm àd¥Îm hmoVmV AgoåhQ>co OmVo. H$mhr {H$aH$moi àH$aUr Va n[admamVrc ZmVodmB©H$m§Zr AJXråhmVmao hmoD$Z H$monè`mV ~gcoë`m n[admamVrc EImÚm ‘mUgmg ~ioM {dfnmOyZ Vr AmË‘hË`m Pmë`mMm JdJdm Ho$cm Agohr gm§JÊ`mV òVo. IaoImoQ>ona‘oœa OmUo.

AmË‘hË`m H$aÊ`mg cmoH$ àd¥Îm H$m hmoVmV? Iao åhQ>co Va àËòH$‘mUgmMr OJÊ`mMr BÀN>m Vrd« AgVo; OJÊ`mgmR>rM gmar YS>nS> MmcyAgVo. ‘J AMmZH$ Aer H$m` n[apñWVr V`ma hmoVo H$s Á`m‘wio ‘mUgmcmOJÊ`mMr YS>nS> gmoSy>Z XoD$Z Amncr hr OrdZ`mÌm g§ndyZ Q>mH$mdr Ago dmQy>cmJVo?

A‘o[aHo$gma»`m lr‘§V Xoem§V AmË‘hË`m§Mo à‘mU OmñV Amho. Ë`m~amo~aM,VoWrc Hw$Qw>§~ì`dñWm ‘moS>H$irg Amë`m‘wio KQ>ñ’$moQ>m§Mohr à‘mU A{YH$Amho. AmB©-~mn ‘wcJm H$Vm©gdaVm Pmcm åhUOo AmnU Ë`mMo H$mhr XoUocmJVmo Ago ‘m{ZV ZmhrV; c¾ Pmë`mZ§Va ‘wcohr AmB©~mnm§g d¥Õml‘mVR>odyZ AmnU Amnco H$V©ì` Ho$co Ago g‘OVmV. lr‘§VrÀ`m `m CÝ‘mXmVAZoH$OU ‘mXH$ Ðì`m§À`m godZmMohr ì`gZr ~ir ~ZVmV. Ë`m~amo~aM g§nÞXoem§V AmË‘hË`m§Mo à‘mU A{YH$ Amho.

ho Ago H$m ìhmdo? Oa H$m ‘mUgmMr gJir YS>nS> A{YH$m{YH$ Mm§JcoOJÊ`mgmR>r Amho Va A{YH$ Mm§Jco OJÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm {Z‘m©U Pmë`mZ§Va‘mUgmcm ‘aÊ`mMr BÀN>m A{YH$ à‘mUmV H$m ìhmdr? ‘mJmg ‘Zmod¥ÎmrMr


d¡’$ë`mV gmnS>coë`m ‘mUgmcm ‘XV H$aUmao, Yra XoUmao, gm§ËdZm H$aUmaoHw$Qw>§~mVrc AZoH$ gXñ` AmOy~mOycm AgVmV.

`mCcQ>, Mm¡H$moZr Hw$Qw>§~mV H$moUmÀ`m ‘ZmMr Kmc‘oc hmoD$ cmJcr,d¡’$ë`J«ñVVm òD$ cmJcr H$s gmdaÊ`mgmR>r, Yra XoÊ`mgmR>r, `mH$[aVmñWmnZ Pmcoë`m H$mhr ñd`§godr g§KQ>Zm gmoS>ë`mg, H$moUrM {‘iV Zmhr.AmË‘hË`m§Mo gdmªV ‘hÎdmMo OdiMo H$maU Hw$Qw>§~mMm AmYma ‘moS>H$irgAmcocm AgUo ho Amho.

`mMm AW©, H$O©~mOmarnUmnmoQ>r eoVH$ar AmË‘hË`m H$arV ZmhrV AgoZmhr; nU H$O©~mOmarnUm‘wio cú‘r KamVyZ Joë`m‘wio gmh{OH$M Kam‘ÜòJ¥hH$ch hmoD$ cmJVmV, Kam‘Üò ’$mQ>m’y$Q> hmoD$ cmJVo. eoVH$ar g‘mOmVVa O{‘ZrÀ`m dmQ>Urdê$Z ^mdm^mdm§Mr S>moHo$’$moS>rn`ªV ^m§S>Uo hmoVmV.

Hw$Qw>§~g§ñWm ‘moS>H$irg oUo ho Zm lr‘§VrMo cjU Amho, Zm J[a~rMo cjUAmho. JS>J§O lr‘§Vr Agcoë`m KamV àM§S> EH$monm AmT>iVmo Am{U AË`§VJ[a~r Agcoë`m Hw$Qw>§~mVhr hm EH$monm AmT>iVmo. JS>J§O lr‘§Vr Agcoë`mKamV cmoH$m§Zm gJio gm§^miyZ ZoÊ`mH$[aVm EH$Ì amhÊ`mMr àd¥Îmr AgVo,H$mhr H$miVar Vr {Q>H$Vo Am{U Jar~ KamV EH$‘oH$m§À`m JaOm§nmoQ>r EH$monm{Q>H$dyZ R>odÊ`mMr BÀN>m amhVo.

AmË‘hË`m§Mo à‘mU gdmªV OmñV AmT>iVo Vo Zm YS> g§nÞ, Zm YS> Jar~Aem ‘Ü`‘ n[apñWVrVrc eoVH$è`m§‘Üò. Ë`mVhr Á`m eoVH$è`m§Zr g§nÞVmnm{hcr Amho, g§nÞVoMm AZw^d KoVcm Amho Ë`m§Zm H$R>rU {Xdg Amë`mZ§Van[apñWVrcm Vm|S> XoUo OmñV AdKS> hmoVo.

eoVr‘mcmcm ^md {‘imcm Zmhr, AmnU H$O©~mOmar Pmcmo, g‘mOmVAmncr à{Vð>m am{hcr Zmhr, gÝ‘mZ am{hcm Zmhr ho Xw:I D$a OmiV AgVmZm,"nU, Hw$Qw>§~ ‘mPo Amho' hr mdZm Zï> hmoUo ho Iao XwX£d Amho. ""‘r H$O©~mOmarPmcmo hr H$mhr ‘mPr MyH$ Zmhr. Oo g§H$Q> Amco Amho Vo ~mhoaMo Amho. Mmoam§Zrh„m Ho$cm åhUyZ ‘r AmË‘hË`m H$aUo `mo½` hmoUma Zmhr. gd© Hw$Qw>§~mZo {‘iyZ`m g§H$Q>mcm Vm|S> {Xco nm{hOo.'' Aer ‘Zmod¥Îmr Oa ~miJcr Jocr, Amnë`mHw$Qw>§~m{df`r AmnconU Am{U AZwH§$nm ~miJcr Jocr Va AmË‘hË`m§Mo à‘mUeoVrMo emofU AgVmZmhr H$‘r hmoD$ eH$Vo.

Á`m Hw$Qw> §~m§Zm Xm[aÐçm‘wio, H$O©~mOmarnUm‘wio Amnë`m KamVhrAmË‘hËògmaIm àH$ma hmoÊ`mMr ^rVr dmQ>Vo Amho Ë`m§À`mH$[aVm gaH$ma

H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm. gmgwgmgè`mMm OmM hmoUmè`m gwZm§À`m ~m~VrVhrAgmM àH$ma AmT>iVmo. EH$Xm EImÚm dñVr‘Üò, H$m°cZr‘Üò EH$m gwZoZoN>imcm H§$Q>miyZ AmË‘hË`m Ho$cr H$s Ë`mM ^mJm‘Üò Ago àH$ma KS>VamhVmV. hr EH$ àH$maMr cmJUM hmoVo.

Ago H$m ìhmdo? AS>MUrV gmnS>cocm ‘Zwî` Ë`m AS>MUrVyZ ~mhoa H$gonS>Vm òB©c `mMm {dMma H$aVmo. {dMma H$aVmZm A{YH$ H$ï> H$amdo, {‘iH$VdmT>dmdr, AS>MUr gmoS>dmì`m `m Ñï>rZo gmam {dMma hmoVmo. Ë`mÀ`m ‘ZmV‘aUmcm H$dQ>mimdo Aer ~wÕr Z¡g{J©H$arË`m hmoV Zmhr. Agm {dMma Ë`mÀ`m{df`n{ÌHo$Vhr ZgVmo; na§Vw AmgnmgÀ`m àXoemV g‘m§Va n[apñWVrV gmnS>coë`mH$moUrVar Amncr OrdZ`mÌm g§n{dÊ`mMm {ZU©` Ho$cm Ago CXmhaU KS>coH$s ‘J Ë`mZ§Va Vem n[apñWVrV gmnS>coë`m gdmªÀ`m ‘ZmV, {ZameoÀ`mQ>moH$mcm Joë`mZ§Va, AmË‘hË`m hm EH$ ì`mdhm[aH$ {dH$ën åhUyZ {df`n{ÌHo$daòVmo. gmh{OH$M, AmË‘hË`m EH$Q>çmXwH$Q>çm hmoV ZmhrV; AmË‘hË`m§Mr EH$gmW AgVo.

{dX^m©Vrc eoVH$è`m§‘Üòhr AerM AmË‘hËòMr gmW ngacr Amho.J[a~r‘Üò AmË‘hË`m§Mo à‘mU H$‘r Am{U g§nÞ g‘mOmV OmñV mMo AmUIrEH$ ‘hÎdmMo H$maU Amho. Jar~ Hw$Qw>§~mV àËòH$ OU JaOy AgVmo. VoWoAmnë`mcm H$moUmMr JaO Zmhr åhUyZ C‘©Q>nUo dmJÊ`mMr àd¥Îmr hmoV Zmhr.åhmVmè`m AmB©-~mnm§Zm H$m hmoB©Zm, gm§^miyZ Agmdo Aer {dMmagaUr V`mahmoVo Am{U Ë`m‘wio AmnU, ~m`H$mo, ‘wco~mio, AmB©~mn EdT>oM Zìho Va,H$mH$m-‘m‘m§ZmgwÕm gm§^miyZ EH$Ì amhÊ`mMr àd¥Îmr V`ma hmoVo. `mCcQ>,g§nÞ g‘mOmV Amnë`mcm H$moUmMr JaO Zmhr, AmnU H$‘mdVmo Ë`mV dmQ>oH$ar{OVHo$ H$‘r hmoVrc {VVHo$ OmñV Mm§Jco Aem ^mdZoZo g§~§Y VmoSy>Z AmncoMm¡H$moZr Hw$Qw>§~ MmcÊ`mMr àd¥Îmr OmñV {XgVo.

hr àd¥Îmr àm‘w»`mZo AmË‘hË`m§Mo à‘mU dmT>{dÊ`mg O~m~Xma Amho.‘mZgemñÌkm§Zr m {df`mda AZoH$ Aä`mg Ho$co AmhoV Am{U Ë`m§Zr {ZîH$f©H$mT>cm Amho H$s AmË‘hË`m H$aÊ`mMr D$‘u hr j{UH$ AgVo. ‘mUgmcm EH$jUâ Amcoë`m {d’$cVoÀ`m âmV Vmo H$m` dmQ>oc Vo H$ê$Z OmVmo. Vmo jUOa H$m H$moUË`mhr H$maUmZo Am{U H$moUË`mhr nÕVrZo Q>miVm Amcm VaAmË‘hË`m Q>iy eH$Vo.

EH${ÌV Hw$Qw>§~mV AmË‘H|$Ðr {dMma H$aUo H$R>rUM hmoD$Z OmVo. Ë`m{edm`,


n[a{eï>

H$YrH$mir H$m` H$aoc Vmo ‘wÔm ~mOycm R>ody; nU Á`m gaH$maZo AmOn`ªVAmnë`mcm cwQ>co Ë`mM gaH$maÀ`m ‘ohoa~mZrMr dmQ> nmhV OJÊ`mnojm AmnUAmnco Hw$Qw>§~, Amncm eoVH$ar g‘mO hm g§K{Q>V H$aÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm AmhoAgo Oa ‘mZco Va eoVH$è`m§Mr ‘Zo I§~ra hmoVrc Am{U AmË‘hË`ogmaImj{UH$ Xw~©cVoMm àg§J Vo Q>miy eH$Vrc.

nyduÀ`m H$mir g§Ü`mH$miÀ`m doir Kam‘Yrc gJir ‘mUgo EH$Ì O‘yZH$mhr àmW©Zm åhUV. AmOhr AZoH$ Jm§Yrn[admamVrc Hw$Qw>§~m§V hr na§nam MmcyAmho. eoVH$è`m§Zr H$moUË`m EH$m Y‘m©Vrc qH$dm H$moUË`m EH$ XodmMr àmW©ZmH$amdr Ago ‘r H$Yrhr åhUUma Zmhr. eoVH$ar H$mhr ’$º$ qhXy ZmhrV, VoH$moUË`mhr EH$m Y‘m©Mo ZmhrV; nU gJù`m eoVH$è`m§Zr {‘iyZ Oa Aerà{Vkm Ho$cr H$s, ""Amåhr ~wS>mcmo Vo Am‘À`m MwH$s‘wio Zìho Am{U `mAmH«$‘Umcm Amåhr gd© {‘iyZ EH$Ì Vm|S> XoD$, IMyZ OmUma Zmhr'' Va, ‘cmAgo dmQ>Vo H$s, eoVH$è`m§Zm `mhr àg§JmVyZ VJyZ OmÊ`mH$[aVm Oo gm‘Ï`©hdo Vo {‘iy eHo$c.



gmYyZr ~MZmJ ImVr Vmoim& Am{UH$m§Vo S>moim Z nhmdo&&gmYyZr ^wO§J Y[aVrc hmVr& Am{UHo$ H$m§{nVmo XoImo{Z`m&&AgmÜ` Vo gmÜ` H$[aVm gm`mg& H$maU Aä`mg VwH$m åhUo&&{df nMdÊ`mMr {gÕr Am{U gmn nH$S>Ê`mMr `wº$s `mgwÕm à`ËZmZo,

Aä`mgmZo gmÜ` H$aVm òVmV. ‘J eoVH$è`m§Mr g§KQ>ZmM H$m AeŠÀgmdr ? {df nMdVm òVo nU eoVH$è`m§‘Üò M¡VÝ` {Z‘m©U H$aVm òUmaZmhr? gmn nH$S>Vm oB©c; nU ñdV§Ì hmoÊ`mgmR>r, Cnmg‘ma Wm§~dÊ`mgmR>r,nmoam~mim§Zm gwI {Xgmdo åhUyZ eoVH$ar ËdofmZo CR>m`Mm Zmhr?

dpÝh Vmo MoVdmdm ao MoV{dVmM Mo{VVmo&Ho$ë`mZo hmoV Amho ao Am{Y Ho$coMr nm{hOo&&eoVH$ar {VVyH$m EH$ H$aUo, Ë`m§Mm EH$‘oH$m§er g§~§Y ~m§YUo, Ë`m§Zm

g§K{Q>V H$ê$Z, Ë`mcm ‘mUyg åhUyZ OJVm `mdo `mgmR>r cT>m V`ma H$aUohr H$m‘o H$R>rU Iar nU AeŠ` Img ZìhoV. Ë`mgmR>r à`ËZ H$amdocmJVrc, Aä`mg cmJoc, H$R>moa n[al‘ cmJVrc, gd©ñdmMm Ë`mJ H$aÊ`mMrV`mar cmJoc. H$moUmÀ`mhr cm^mMr, nXmMr Anojm Z R>odVm ñdV:cm àg§JrJmSy>Z KoD$Z g§KQ>ZoMo H$m‘ H$aUmè`m cmImo H$m`©H$Ë`mªMr JaO nSo>c.OmJmoOmJ doimodoir An‘mZ hmoVrc. {ZameoMr gmdQ>o òVrc, dmXio òVrcVarXoIrc AmVm eoVH$ar EH$ Pmë`mIoarO amhUma Zmhr H$maU hr H$mimMrJaO Amho.

eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMo amon cmdco Amho. Ë`mMr ’$io "`mMr Xohr `mMr S>moim'nmhmd`mg {‘iVrc Aer Am‘Mr Anojmhr Zmhr; nU Am‘À`m nmoam~mim§ZmZmVd§S>m-nVd§S>m§Zm Var Ë`mMr ‘Ywa ’$io MmIm`cm {‘imdrV åhUyZ hmà`ËZ Amho.

eoVH$è`m§Zm g§K{Q>V H$aÊ`mMo à`ËZ AmOn`ªV Pmco ZmhrV Ago Zmhr.AZoH$ à`ËZ Pmco. B§J«Om§À`m A‘cmImcr Xoem§V AZoH$ {R>H$mUr eoVH$è`m§Mr~§So> C^r am{hcr. gaXma d„^^mB© nQ>ocm§À`m ZoV¥ËdmImcr ~mS>m}cr òWoeoVH$è`m§Zr èñdr cT>m {Xcm. ‘hmË‘m Jm§YtZr M§nmaÊ`mMm gË`mJ«h H$ê$ZeoVH$ar EH$OyQ> H$ê$Z XmI{dcr. ñdmV§Í`mZ§VaÀ`m H$mimVgwÕm eoVH$arAZoH$doim ~§S> H$ê$Z CR>cm Amho. H$m§hr R>am{dH$ hoVyZo, H$mhr H$mi,‘`m©{XV àXoem§Vco eoVH$ar Var EH$OyQ> H$ê$Z CRy> eH$VmV ho Ë`m§Zr XmIdyZ{Xcoco Amho. gd© ^maVmV OmJmoOmJ eoVH$è`mVrc Ag§VmofmMr AmJ Yw‘gV

eoVH$è¶m§Mr g§KQ>ZmAS>MUr Am{U ‘mJ©

AgmÜ` Vo gmÜ` :"eoVH$è`m§Mr g§KQ>Zm Pmë`m{edm` H$mhr H$mhr ìhm`Mo Zmhr.'"eoVH$è`m§Mr EH$OyQ> ìhm`cm nm{hOo.'"H${c`wJmV g§K{Q>V Pmë`mIoarO eŠVr Zmhr.'eoVH$è`m§À`m àíZmMr MMm© Mmcy Agcr H$s gJù`m§Mo EH$V AgVo,

eoVH$è`m§Mr ‘O~yV AmKmS>r Pmcr nm{hOo VaM Ë`mÀ`m Xþ:Im§Zm dmMm ’w$Qy>eHo$c, Eadr Ë`mcm gJio aJS>Uma, {niUma.

nU Ë`mÀ`m~amo~aM {ZameoMo gyahr cJoM {ZKVmV."nU Amncr Hw$R>§Mr EH$s ìhm`cm hmo!'"eoVH$è`m§Mr g§KQ>Zm åhUOo dmiyMm nyc, H$YrM ~Zm`Mm Zmhr.'"Amho nU hr Amdù`mMr ‘moQ> ~m§Ym`Mr Hw$Ur? nwîH$im§Zr à`ËZ Ho$co

nU Zmhr O‘c§, eoVH$ar AS>mUr!'åhUOo eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm Amdí`H$ Amho `m~Ôc {OVHo$ EH$‘V {VVHo$M

Aer g§KQ>Zm hmoUo H$R>rUM Zìho Va Odi Odi AeŠ` Amho `mdahrgJù`m§Mo EH$‘V {XgVo.

B{Vhmgm‘Üò Oo Amdí`H$ AgVo Vo AeŠ` H$YrM ZgVo.{edmOr ‘hmamOm§Zr ñdamÁ`mMr ñWmnZm H$aÊ`mAmYr ‘hmamï>mV Or `mZH$

pñWVr hmoVr Vr nmhVm Hw$Umcm Amem dmQ>cr AgVr H$s hm ‘¥Vàm` g‘mOnwÝhm IS>~Sy>Z OmJm hmoB©c? nU AeŠ` Vo KS>co Am{U Owc‘r amÁ`H$Ë`mªÀ`m~cmT>ç gÎmoMm ‘wH$m~cm Ho$cm ‘yR>â ‘mdù`m§Zr.

VwH$mam‘ ‘hmamO åhUVmV-


ào‘mnm`r {H$Vr ^m§S>Uo, S>moHo$’$moS>r, H$ãOoXcmcr Pmë`m AgVrc Am{U{H$Vr Hw$Qw>§~o Ywircm {‘imcr AgVrc Am{U XoemoYS>rcm cmJcr AgVrc`mMr JUVr Zmhr.

eoVmÀ`m dmXmdmXrncrH$So> JmdmVcr ^m§S>Uo, ‘mZmn‘mZmÀ`m H$ënZm,KamKamVco hodoXmdo Am{U BVa eoH$S>mo chmZ ‘moR>çm H$maUm§Zr gwê$ Pmcocr^m§S>U§ {nT>çmZ²{nT>çm Mmcë`mMr CXmhaUo Odi Odi àË oH$ Jmdr gmnS>Vrc.

Ë`mVco Ë`mV Amncm Xoe OmVrì`dñWoZo J«mgcocm. ~«m÷U eoVH$è`mgBVa eoVH$è`m§er Amnco H$mhr AmVS>çmMo g§~§Y AmhoV `mMr OmUrd Zmhr.‘amR>m eoVH$ar h[aOZ dñVtVrc eoVH$è`mcm Amnë`mVcm g‘OVM Zmhr.h[aOZ eoVH$è`mcm BVa eoVH$è`m§À`m ghH$m`m©Zo H$mhr H$aÊ`mMr ^rVrMdmQ>Vo åhUm qH$dm BÀN>m Zmhr Ago åhUm.

{ZdS>UwH$m§‘wio JmdmVcr am{hcr-gw{hcr EH$sgwÕm VS>Hy$Z OmVo. doJdoJionj Am{U C‘oXdma Amnco ZJmao dmOdrV {’$ê$ cmJco H$s JmdH$è`m§MrS>moH$s {’$ê$ cmJcrM. {H$ËòH$ {ZdS>UwH$m Amnë`m Am{U Joë`m. H$mhrC‘oXdma haco, WmoSo> qOH$co. {ZdSy>Z Amcoë`m C‘oXdmam§Zr cJoM g’o$XH$nSo> Kmcm`cm gwédmV Ho$cr; nU eoVH$è`m§À`m Iè`mIwè`m àíZm§H$So>H$Yr cjgwÕm {Xco Zmhr. {ZdS>UwH$m§À`m amOH$maUmMm Am{U eoVH$arOrdZmMm AWm©AWu H$mhrgwÕm g§~§Y H$Yr {Xgcocm Zmhr. VargwÕm `m{ZdS>UwH$m§‘wio JmdmV H$m`‘Mo VQ> nS>VmV. JmdmVë`m EH$m ’$irZo EH$~mOy KoVr, H$s Xþgè`m ’$irZo Xþgam nj KoVcmM. `m‘Üò njmÀ`mOm{haZmå`mMm H$m`©H«$‘mMm dm C‘oXdmamÀ`m cm`H$sMm H$mhrhr g§~§Y Zmhr.na§namJV MmcV Agcoë`m JmdmVë`m doJdoJù`m JQ>m§Mr hr ’$º$ {damoY^º$s.

‘wimV XoeâmV eoVreoVrVM Ho$dT>m ’$aH$. n§Om~ ha`mUmVrc VrZMmaeoEH$am§Mr Q´>°ŠQ>a Am{U BVa `§Ìgm‘J«r dmnê$Z Ho$cocr AmYw{ZH$ eoVrhr `mV‘moS>Vo. Am{U H$moH$UmV S>m|Jamda H$go~go ~m§Y KmcyZ Ë`mda nmcmnmMmoimOmiyZ Ho$cocr eoVrhr `mVM ‘moS>Vo. ì`dpñWV ’$m`Xm H$mT>Umao gYZ, D$gAm{U Ðmjo ~mJm`VXmahr Ë`mV O‘m hmoVmV. Va H$go~go mV qH$dm ZmJcrMoEH$ EH$ nrH$ H$mT>Umao Am{U OÝ‘â c§JmoQ>r cmdyZ {’$aUmao eoVH$ar `mVòVmV. ñdV:À`m eoVmda ¹${MVM OmUmao eoVH$ar `mV ‘moS>VmV Am{UñdV:À`m eoVm§da InyZ O‘oc Voìhm Xþgè`mÀ`m eoVmda ‘Owar H$aUmaohr.

`m IoarO JmdmVco hodoXmdo Am{U ^m§S>Uo doJirM. {H$ËòH$ eoOmaMr

Amho. ‘YyZ ‘YyZ EImÚm {R>H$mUr EImXr Ádmim C’$miV Amho. hr Yw‘gVrAmJ MoVdmdr H$er `mMm gd© ~mOyZo {dMma ìhmd`mg nm{hOo.

`m à`ËZm§Mo Z¡{‘{ÎmH$ ñdê$n H$mTy>Z Q>mHy$Z H$m`‘ ñdê$nmMr Xoeì`mnreoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm H$er C^maVm òB©c? `m ‘mJm©V AS>MUr H$m` Am{U{H$Vr? `m AS>MUtda ‘mV H$er H$aVm òB©c ?

g§KQ>Zm H$m`m©Vrc AS>MUreoVH$è`m§Mr g§KQ>Zm ~m§YÊ`mÀ`m H$m‘mVrc AS>MUr d AS>Wio IamoIa

BVHo$ ‘moR>o d H$R>rU AmhoV H$s, ‘r ‘r åhUUmè`m§ZrgwÕm {Zame ìhmdo.g§KQ>Zm ~m§YÊ`mgmR>r VrZ Jmoï>rMr ‘w»`V: Amdí`H$Vm AgVo. àW‘V:Á`m§Mr g§KQ>Zm ~m§Ym`Mr Ë`m§À`mV H$mhrVar gmå` hdo. EH$gyÌVm hdr.XJS>m§Mr Am{U {dQ>m§Mr EH$ g§KQ>Zm hmoD$ eH$V Zmhr. Xþgar ‘hÎdmMr ~m~åhUOo `m KQ>H$m§Zm EH$‘oH$m§er g§nH©$ gmYÊ`mMr, {dMma{d{Z‘` H$aÊ`mMrg§Yr Am{U gmYZo Agcr nm{hOoV. EH$‘oH$m§À`m {dMmamMr XodKod hmoD$eH$V Zgoc Va g§KQ>Zm H$er ìhmdr? EH$s ~Z{dÊ`mÀ`m H$m‘mV {VgarAË`§V Amdí`H$ Jmoï> åhUOo gdmªMo EH$Var g‘mZ Üò` Agco nm{hOo,g‘mZ MoVZm Agcr nm{hOo. {ZpíMV C{Ôï>m§IoarO g§KQ>Zm ~m§YVm òV ZmhrAm{U {Q>H$dVm Va A{O~mV òV Zmhr.

eoVH$è`m§Mr g§KQ>Zm AmOn`ªV èñdrarË`m ~m§YVm Amcr Zmhr `mMoH$maU `m VrZ Amdí`H$ Jmoï>tn¡H$s EH$sMrhr nyV©Vm hmoD$ eH$cocr Zmhr.eoVH$ardJm©V EH${OZgrnUm OdiOdi Zmhr. dñVr Xoeâ {dIwacocrAm{U XiUdiUmMr gmYZo ZmhrV. Ë`m‘wio nañna {dMma {d{Z‘` Zmhr.doJdoJù`m n§Wm§Zr njm§Zr Am{U nwT>mè`m§Zr ImoQ>r C{Ôï>o KmcyZ {Xë`m‘wioeoVH$è`mcm Iao ImoQ>o H$m` `mMm ^«‘ nS>cocm. eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`mH$m`©H$Ë`mªZr m Jmoï>rMm gdmªJrU {dMma Ho$cm nm{hOo VaM Ë`m§À`m à`ËZmgè òÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm {Z‘m©U hmoB©c.

eoVH$ar-’w$Q>ra g‘mOHo$di Amnë`m XoemVM Zìho Va OJmVrc gd© Xoem§V, eoVH$ar hm

’$Q>H$i ì`{º$dmXr g‘Ocm OmVmo. Ë`mMo eoOmè`mer O‘V Zmhr ‘J~mH$sÀ`m§Mm {dMmaM ZH$mo. Ë`mMm Omo H$mhr O‘rZ VwH$S>m Agoc Ë`mdaË`mMo Anma ào‘. Ë`m VwH$S>çmcm Omon`ªV Y¸$m cmJV Zmhr Vmon`ªV ~mhoaOJ~wS>r Pmcr Var Ë`mMr Ë`mcm ’$maer {’$H$sa Zmhr. m O{‘ZrÀ`m VwH$S>çmÀ`m


H$maImÝ`mVrc H$m‘Jmam§À`m g§KQ>Zm§Mo H$m‘ Va AJXr gwairV MmcUmè`m`§Ìmà‘mUo Mmcy eH$Vo. gJio H$m‘Jma H$maImÝ`mÀ`m OmJr {Z`{‘VnUoòVmV. ôQ>VmV. Ë`m§À`mV OdirH$, AmnwcH$s V`ma hmoVo. Hw$R>o H$mhrAÝ`m` hmoV Agcm Va Ë`mMr ~mV‘r {dOoÀ`m doJmZo ngadyZ à{VH$mamË‘H$hmcMmcr cJoM Mmcy H$aVm òVmV. cT>m nwH$mam`Mm Pmcm qH$dm g§n MmcyH$amd`mMm Agcm Var EH$‘oH$m§er {dMma{d{Z‘` AJXr WmoS>çm doimVH$ê$Z Amdí`H$ Vmo {ZU©` KoVm òVmo.

eoVH$è`m§Mr g§KQ>Zm C^maÊ`mV gdm©V ‘moR>r AS>MU H$moUVr Agoc VaXÿaXÿaÀ`m ngacoë`m IoS>çm§er g§nH©$ gmYUo hr hmo`.

Üò`mMr EH$dmŠ`Vmg§KQ>Zm C^maÊ`mV AmUIr EH$ ‘moR>r AS>MU åhUOo gd©g§‘V Üò`

{ZpíMV H$aUo. eoVH$è`m§Mo àíZ BVHo$ {d{dY Am{U BVHo$ ‘moR>o AmhoV H$sË`mVrc Zo‘Ho$ H$moUVo hmVr ¿`mdo ho R>adUo ’$ma H$R>rU Amho. H$mhr OUm§ZmYaUo, H$mcdo ~m§YyZ nmUr Amnmnë`m rmJmV AmUUo hr gdmªV ‘hÎdMr Jmoï>dmQ>Vo. Aem ‘mJÊ`m§gmr eoVH$ar cdH$a EH$Ì òD$ eH$VmV nU cdH$aMH$mcì`m§À`m nmÊ`mMm ’$m`Xm {‘iUmao eoVH$ar Am{U YaU `moOZm§‘wioÁ`m§Mr eoVrdmS>r nmÊ`mImcr OmVo Vo eoVH$ar `m§À`mV dmX Mmcy hmoVmV.H$mcì`m§À`m daÀ`m ^mJmV Á`m§Mr eoVr Amho Vo eoVH$ar Aem `moOZm§~ÔcXþ‘w©Icoco amhVmV. nmÊ`mMm àíZ ‘hÎdmMm Agcm Var Aem `moOZm§À`m‘mJÊ`m§~m~V hmoUmar g§KQ>Zm hr ^m¡Jmo{cH$ÑîQ>çm ‘`m©{XV joÌmVM hmoD$eH$Vo. Amnë`m ^mJmVrc CXmhaU Úm`Mo Pmco Va AmgIoS> YaUmÀ`m‘mJUrMo XoVm oB©c. m YaUmÀ`m ‘mJUrgmR>r AmgIoS> qH$dm dmH$s JmdmÀ`mnyd}g Agcoë`m m‘Zha Imoè`mVrc Jmdm§Mr g§KQ>Zm V`ma Pmcr Amho; nU{VMo ñdê$n VodT>çm ^mJmnwaVoM ‘`m©{XV amhUma. dmhmJmd JS>X, VmoaUo,Aå~w, dm§Ðo JmdÀ`m eoVH$è`m§Zm Ë`m ‘mJUrV ’$mago ñdmañ` AgÊ`mMoH$maU Zmhr.

VoM MmH$U Vo dm§Ðo hm gmR> {H$cmo‘rQ>aMm añVm ~m§YyZ H$mT>Ê`mMr ‘mJUr¿`m. m ‘mJUr~m~V gd© m‘Zha Imoè`mVrc gd© eoVH$è`m§Mo EH$‘V Amho.Ë`mgmR>r cT>m XoÊ`mV Vo V`ma Pmco AmhoV. ^m‘Zha eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`mH$m`©H«$‘mV `m XmoÝhr ‘mJÊ`m§Zm ’$ma ‘hÎd Amho. nU IoS> VmcwŠ`mcm gd©eoVH$è`m§Zm Ë`mMo ’$mago AmH$f©U dmQ>Uma Zmhr. nwUo {OëømVrc BVa

eoOmaMr Jmdo Aer AmhoV, H$s Ë`m§À`mV dfm© XmoZ-dfm©V XJS>H$mR>çm§MrXodKod hmoVoM.

"Á`m g‘mOmMr àJVr Iw§Q>cr Amho, Ë`mMr pñWVr gmMcoë`m S>~Š`mà‘mUohmoVo Am{U Ë`mV jwÐ H$sSo> didiy cmJVmV. hr XcXc gm’$ H$aÊ`mMmCnm` åhUOo nmÊ`mcm dmhÊ`mMr dmQ> H$ê$Z XoUo.

gmSo>ghm cmI ~oQ>oeoVH$è`m§Mr dñVr gmSo>ghm cmI IoS>çm§VyZ {dIwacocr. ‘moR>‘moR>çm

eham§À`m àXoemVrc qH$dm amOañË`m§À`m AmgnmgMr WmoS>r ^m½`dmZ IoS>rgmoS>cr Va ~mH$sMr H$ÀÀ`m añË`m§Zr qH$dm JmS>rdmQ>oZo OmoS>cocr. ¹${MVnm`dmQ>oZohr, mVrc ~hþVoH$ añVo nmdgmù`mV ~§X. Vma ImVo Am{U Q>o{c’$moZImVo OdiOdi g§nyU©nUo "B§{S>`Z' åhUOo eham§À`m godog dm{hcocr,Q>nmcImË`mZo XaamoOMr S>mH$godm Mmcy H$ê$Z H$mhr df} Pmcr åhUVmV.‘w§~B©V Am{U {X„rV ~gyZ Q>nmc A{YH$mar Aem KmofUm AYyZ‘YyZ H$aVAgVmV. àË`jmV J«m‘rU ^mJmVrc ~Q>dS>m hm à‘wIV: ~mOmamÀ`m {Xder~mOmamÀ`m OmJrM hmoVmo. Q>nmcdmcm ’$maM {OJar Agoc Va AmR>Xhm{Xdgm§Zr EHo$H$m IoS>çmcm OmD$Z òVmo. n[aUm‘ Agm H$s, n§MH«$moerVë`meoVH$è`m§À`m JmR>rôQ>rgwÕm ~mOmaÀ`m {XderM Pmë`m Va ìhm`À`m Eadr‘hÎdmÀ`m H$m‘mg§~§YmZo {Zamon nmR>dm`Mm åhQ>co Var cm§~ V§JSo>VmoS> H$arVJoë`mIoarO JË`§Va Zmhr. àËòH$ IoS>çmMm ~mhoaÀ`m OJmer g§~§Y BVH$mWmoS>m Am{U H$R>rU H$s OUy H$mhr àËòH$ IoSo> ho AWm§J nmÊ`mZo Mmar ~mOyZodoT>coco ~oQ> Amho. ^maVmVrc Amncr gmSo>ghm cmI IoS>r åhUOo gmSo>ghmcmI ~oQ>o AmhoV. Ë`m§Mm EH$‘oH$m§V g§nH©$ OdiOdi Zmhr.

eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm `m cmImo ~oQ>m§Vrc eoVH$è`m§er g§nH©$gmYyZ Ë`m§Mr Aer EH$OyQ> ~Zdm`Mr Amho H$s H$moQ>çdYr {Z{ÐñV eoVH$arqgh IS>~Sy>Z OmJo hmoVrc Am{U Aer JO©Zm H$aVrc H$s, Ë`m§À`m {ZÐmdñWoMm’$m`Xm KoUmao H$moëho, cm§S>Jo Am{U ImoH$S> `m§Mr à^mdi J^©JirV hmoD$ZOmB©c.

Ë`m‘mZmZo ehar B§{S>`mVrc g§KQ>ZoMo H$m‘ {H$Vr gwc^ Amho nmhm. Vmam,Q>o{c’$moZ, Q>nmc ì`dñWm, dV©‘mZnÌo dJ¡ao gmYZo dmnê$Z H$m`©H$Ë`mªZmEH$‘oH$m§er g§nH©$ gmYUo ghO eŠ` hmoVo. S>m|~mè`mZo T>mocHo$ ~S>dco VarnmMeo ‘mUgo O‘VmV. Aem {R>H$mUr g^m§VyZ àMma H$aUo gmono hmoVo.


H$gyZ Amncr g§KQ>Zm Wm§~V Zmhr Va Amnco VÎdkmZ àË`jmV CVadÊ`mMr{VMr YS>nS> Mmcy AgVo. `m g§KQ>ZoÀ`m ‘mJm©V da gm§{JVcoë`m gd©AS>MUr oV AmhoV, oUma AmhoV. Ë`m§Mm gm‘Zm H$gm H$amd`mMm d Ë`mVyZ‘mJ© H$gm H$mT>md`mMm `mMm {dMma `mnwT>o H$amd`mMm Amho.

XmoZeoVH$ar {VVH$m EH$ EH$eoVH$è`m-eoVH$è`m§Zm {d^mJUmao dmX{ddmX XmoZ àH$maMo. n{hcm åhUOo,

O{‘Zrdê$Z Pmcocr m§S>Uo, Om{VOmVrVrc oX, {ZdS>UwH$m§À`m doir hmoUmarVoT>, c¾g‘ma§^mVco ‘mZmn‘mZ, JmdmJmdmVrc ‘Ëga Am{U KamKamVrc d¡aBË`m{X. Aem AZoH$ {Mam àËòH$ Jmdmcm nS>coë`m AmhoV. H$moUÀ`mhrH$m‘mH$[aVm gJim Jmd EH$Ì åhUyZ òV Zmhr. JmdMo åhUyZ {H$Vrhr Mm§JcoH$m‘ {ZKy Úm, gJio {‘iyZ JmdH$ar H$m‘mcm {ZKVrc ho AeŠ`M.JmdXodVm§À`m CËgdmÀ`m doir Zmhr åhUm`cm gd© Jmd O‘m hmoVmo; nUË`mdoir EH${XcmZo H$m‘ H$aÊ`mMm ’$magm àíZ ZgVmo. XodmM§ Oo H$m`H$am`M§ Vo Omo Vmo ñdV§ÌnUo H$aVmo. Amncm ‘moR>onUm XmIdÊ`mÀ`m Ah‘h{‘Ho$ZoEH$Ì Amcocm Vmo g‘mO A§V`m©‘r {Ma’$icocmM AgVmo.

KmUrVrc {H$So>Agë`m dmX{ddmXmMo ~mhoê$Z {XgUmao Am{U XmIdÊ`mV òUmao H$maU

H$moUVohr Agmo, Iao H$mU ho H$s J«m‘rU g‘mOmMr àJVr ^m§~cr Amho. Á`mg‘mOmMr gVV àJVr hmoV Zmhr Vmo Vww§~coë`m nmÊ`mà‘mUo AewÕ ~ZVOmVmo. Ë`mda eodmio Am{U KmU O‘Vo, {H$So> didiy cmJVmV.

AmO gd© Xoem§V ^mfm§~Ôc ^m§S>Uo Mmcy AmhoV. amï´>^mfoMo ñWmZ H$mÀgmdo m~Ôc aU ‘mOV AmhoV. {edgoZogma»`m g§Hw${MV {dMmam§Zm à{Vð>oMoñWmZ {‘iVo. OZ gm‘mÝ`m§Mo ZoV¥Ëd Á`m§Zr XÿaXeunUmZo H$amd`mMo VocmoH$à{V{ZYr ZÚm, I{ZO Ðìò, O{‘ZrÀ`m nmoQ>mVrc Voc d dm`y `mda,gd§J cmoH${à`VogmR>r, Amnmnë`m àXoemMm h¸$ gm§JVmV. ñdmV§Í`mMr Midi‘. Jm§Yr, gw^mfM§Ð ~mog `m§À`m ZoV¥ËdmImcr ^S>H$V hmoVr Voìhm H$moR>o hmoVoqhXrcm {damoY H$aUmao ho Zadra. Voìhm H$go ZìhVo H$moUr åhUV H$s‘w§~B©Vë`m ZmoH$è`m ‘amR>r cmoH$m§ZmM {‘imd`mg nm{hOoV åhUyZ. Ë`mdoiramï´>mMm àdmh Omo‘mZo Mmccm hmoVm. Aem didiUmè`m {H$S>çm§Zm J{V‘mZ

VmcwŠ`m§Vrc eoVH$ar Á`m~Ôc CXmgrZM amhVrc. ‘hmamï´> amÁ`mVrc qH$dm^maVmVrc gd© eoVH$è`m§Zm Va `m ‘mJÊ`m jw„H$M dmQ>Vrc.

eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm ~m§YÊ`mgmR>r gd© eoVH$è`m§Zm Á`mV ñdmañ` dmQ>ocAem gd©‘mÝ` ‘mJÊ`m ‘m§S>Ê`mV Amë`m nm{hOoV.

`mgmR>r eoVH$è`m§À`m n[apñWVrMm gImoc {dícofUmË‘H$ Aä`mg Pmcmnm{hOo, VaM Ë`mdaMr AMyH$ Cnm``moOZm R>adVm òB©c. Mma Am§Yù`m§MrEH$ à{gÕ Jmoï> Amho. Vo Mm¡K|hr hÎmr nmhmd`mg {ZKmco. EH$mÀ`m hmVr gm|S>cmJcr, Vmo åhUmcm, "hÎmr ‘moR>çm ZirgmaIm Amho.' Á`mMm hmV hÎmrÀ`mnm`mcm cmJcm, Vmo åhUmcm, "hÎmr Va Im§~mgmaIm Amho.' {Vgè`mZo hmVC§M Ho$cm Vmo hÎmrÀ`m H$mZmcm cmJcm Ë`mcm dmQ>co hÎmr gwnmgmaIm Amho.Va Mm¡Wm Am§Yim eonQ>rdê$Z hmV {’$adrV åhUmcm, "hÎmr AJXr gmnmgmaImAmho.'

eoVH$è`m§Mo àíZ ho hÎmrgmaIoM AdmT>ì` AmhoV. H$moUr åhUVmo,{ejUm{edm` eoVH$è`mMr CÞVr hmoUma Zmhr. Xþgam åhUVmo, AmYw{ZH$eoVrMr V§Ìo dmnaë`mIoarO eoVH$è`mg VaUmonm` Zmhr. AmUIr {VgaoåhUVmV, J«m‘rU ^mJmV H$O© dJ¡ao ê$nmZo AW©gmhmæ` d nVnwadR>m H$aUoAmdí`H$ Amho, Va H$moUr åhUVmV, Hw$Qw>§~{Z`moOZmda gdm©V OmñV âÚmdgm` hdm, eoH$S>mo Am§Yù`m§Mr eoH$S>mo ‘Vo. Ë`m‘wio eoVH$è`m§Mm ~w{ÕôXhmoVmo. eoVH$è`m§Mr àJVr ho BVHo$ AdKS> Am{U ‘moR>o H$m‘ Amho H$s VoAJXr hiyhiy Am{U g§WnUoM hmoUma Aer Ë`mMr H$ënZm hmoVo.

Amnë`m ñdV:À`m {dH$mgmgmR>r qH$dm CÕmamgmR>r AmnU ñdV: VmVS>rZo,C^marZo H$mhr H$ê$ eH$V Zmhr Aer EH$Xm YmaUm Pmcr H$s, g§KQ>ZogmR>rcmJUmar ñ’y$Vu, CËgmh {Z‘m©U hmoD$ eH$V Zmhr Am{U VoOmo^§J PmcocmVi‘irMm eoVH$ar H$m`©H$Vm©gwÕm JmdmoJmdMo CËgd, ÔZr‘§S>ir, H$mH$S>AmaË`m, n§Mm`VrMo amOH$maU Am{U {ZdS>UwH$m Aem H$m‘mV ‘Z a‘dycmJVmo.

AmVmn`ªV eoVH$è`m§Zm g§K{Q>V H$aÊ`mMo Oo à`ËZ Pmco Ë`mV Am{UAmnë`m eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoV ’$ma ‘moR>m ’$aH$ Amho. Amncr g§KQ>Zm hr EH$m{ZpíMV VÎdkmZmda Am{U {dMmaàUmcrda AmYmacocr Amho. g§nyU©n[apñWVrMm Am{U àíZm§Mm g‘J« Aä`mg H$ê$Z eoVH$è`m§À`m n[apñWVrda{ZpíMV VmoS>Jo {VZo emoYco AmhoV. H$mhr ehar {dÛmZm§à‘mUo nwñVH$s Aä`m


ho fS²> §Ì ‘moS>md`mMo Amho. hr Eo{Vhm{gH$ H$m‘{Jar maVmVrc eoVH$è`mdaòD$Z nS>cocr Amho. B{Vhmg AmO òWo KS>V Amho.

eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm hr Zdr OmUrd eoVH$è`m§n`ªV Ý`md`mMrAmho. Aao eoVH$ar ~m§Ydm§Zmo! ~mhoarc eÌy Vwåhmg amÌ§{Xdg ZmJdrV Amho.`mdoir KamVrc m§S>Uo {dPdyZ Q>mH$m. EH$‘oH$mVrc dmX{ddmX {dgam. OoìhmH$Yr ~mhoaÀ`m eÌyMo {ZXm©cZ hmoB©c Voìhm {Zdm§V doi {‘ioc Agë`mH$a‘UwH$s¨Zm, nU AmO gdmªZr EH$ ìhm. H$moUr amOH$s` njm-njm§Mr m§S>UoVw‘À`mV AmUyZ cmdrc. H$moUr åhUoc H$m±J«og ‘moR>r, H$moUr åhUoc OZVm‘moR>r, H$moUr åhUoc AmUIr H$moUr Xodr ‘moR>r. ho gd© nj eoVH$è`m§À`meÌwMo hñVH$ AmhoV. AmOn`ªV Ë`m§À`m hmVmV A‘mn gÎmm hmoVr. H$m` ^coHo$co Ë`m§Zr eoVH$è`m§Mo? Amåhmcm hr Xodr ZH$mo, Vmo ßcoJ ZH$mo Am{U VmoH$m°cam ZH$mo. amOH$maUr g§{YgmYy§Zmo, Mco Omd! Vw‘Mr ^m§S>Uo Am‘À`mVcmdy ZH$m.

ZH$m gm§Jy Amåhmcm OwÝ`mnwamÊ`m H$ënZm Am{U OmVr{dMma. H$moU ‘moR>mAm{U N>moQ>m. Am‘À`mV Ago ôX nmSy>Z `m§Zr Amåhmcm gdmªZmM N>moQ>o~Zdco Amho. Amåhr Zmhr ‘mZV H$moUVmhr ôX. Omo eoVmda H$ï> H$aVmo VmoeoVH$ar Am{U eoVH$ar {VVH$m EH$ EH$!

AmO hr nwéfmWm©Mr Zdr Á`moV, {R>UJr noQ>dmd`mg ’$ma H$R>rU dmQ>Vo;na§Vw eoVH$ar g§KQ>H$m§Zr {Zame hmoÊ`mMo H$moUVohr H$maU Zmhr. amZ ewîH$H$moaSo> Pmcoco Amho. à`ËZ Mmcy R>odco Va EH$m à`ËZmZo Xþgè`m à`ËZmcmOmoa òVmo. EH$ g¡{ZH$ nS>cm Va Xþgam Ë`mMr OmJm KoVmo. EH$m hþVmËå`mMrOmJm eoH$S>mo dra g¡{ZH$ KoVrc Am{U EH$ {Xdg Ago amZ noQ>oc H$s Ë`mVgË`, AgË`, Ý`m`, AÝ`m` `mMm {ZdmS>m hmoD$ZM Wm§~oc. Ë`m `kmMrAmåhr V`mar H$arV AmhmoV.

J«m‘rU ^mJm§Vrc g§Kfm©Mm Xþgam àH$ma hm OmñV AW©nyU© Amho. OwZoO‘rZXma Am{U H$ï>H$ar ~mJm`VXma H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVH$ar `m§À`mVrc dmX hoAm{W©H$ {hVg§~§Ym§da AmYmacoco AmhoV. Ë`m§Mm {dMma doJim H$amd`mg hdm.

VrZ^maVr` eoVH$è`m§Mr X¡ZmdñWm hr Ë`m§Zm {‘iUmè`m Anwè`m ‘mo~Xë`m‘wio

Amho ho AmnU nm{hco. m Anwè`m ‘mo~Xë`mMo ‘w»` H$maU åhUOo nmdgmir

àdmhmV OJUoM eŠ` ZìhVo.IoS>çmnmS>çmV OZgm‘mÝ`m§Mo Am`wî` AgoM W~H$coco hmoVo. AZoH$

amÁ`H$V} Amco Am{U Joco. gdmªZr a`Vocm doJdoJù`m àH$mao ZmS>co. IoSw>VOZVoÀ`m ‘ZmV amÁ`H$Ë`mªn¡H$s H$moUr H$mhr ^co H$arc Aer AmemMam{hcocr Zmhr. Amnë`m Xm[aÐçmMm CJ‘ H$moR>o Amho `mMm emoYM cmJVZmhr Am{U Ë`mVyZ gwQ>m`cm Cnm`hr {XgV Zmhr. H$moR>o Omdo, H$m` H$amdo hog‘OoZmgo Pmco Amho. VwH$mam‘ ‘hmamO åhUmco, ""òUo Xþ:Io ‘mPm ’w$Q>mo nmhoàmU''. {nT>çmZ²{nT>çm VrM Xþ:Io ^moJyZ Amåhr Ago ~{Ya Pmcmo AmhmoV,H$moS>Jo Pmcmo AmhmoV, H$s `m Xþ:ImZo Am‘Mo àmU H$mgm{dggwÕm hmoVZmhrV. ‘J ‘Z a‘{dÊ`mgmR>r Amåhr Amnmngm§VM ^m§S>Uo H$mTy>Z Vr Pw§OV~gVmo. ~mhoê$Z An‘mZ hmoD$Z Amcoë`m JS>çmZo KamV ~m`H$mnmoam§daAmaS>mAmoaS> H$ê$Z Amnco nwéfËd JmOdmdo Aer Am‘Mr ^m§S>Uo AmhoV.

Zdm nwéfmW©Oi VS>mJr gS>o, ~wS>~wS>o VS>VS>oem§Vr hr ~mnwS>o, ~S>~S>{V OZ{H$S>oÝ`m`{ZdmS>m H$ê$Z hr ^m§S>Uo {‘Q>Ê`mgmaIr ZmhrV. Ë`mV AW©hr Zmhr.

Amåhr hr ^m§S>Uo ^m§S>Vmo H$maU Am‘À`m ‘Zmcm Jw§Vdy eHo$c, ‘mohdy eHo$cAgm Xþgam Iam nwéfmWm©Mm ‘mJ©M Am‘À`m Ñï>rg‘moa Zmhr, Agm nwéfmW©nwT>o {Xcm H$s {edmOrÀ`m AdVmamÀ`m doir KS>co Ë`mà‘mUo "H$m|T>mUmn{hcm, am`~mM§ cJrZ ‘mJmhÿZ' hr ^mdZm V`ma hmoB©c.

eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMo n{hco gmYZ åhUOo Agm Zdm nwéfmWm©Mm ‘mJ© XmIdyZXoUo Amho. `mgmR>rM eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm hr njôX ‘mZV Zmhr, Om{VôX YaVZmhr, {VÀ`m coIr Y‘©ôX Zmhr, chmZ‘moR>çm§V ’$aH$ Zmhr. eoVH$ar {VVH$mEH$ EH$!

Zdm nwéfmW© H$moUVm ? Va Vmo hm H$s eoVH$è`m§g Zdo ñdmV§Í` {‘idmd`mMoAmho. OoWo ^maVmÀ`m B{VhmgmV àW‘M eoVH$è`mMo ñdV:Mo emgZ V`mahmoB©c Am{U eoVH$è`m§Mr Jwcm‘{Jar g§noc. Ë`mcm nmoQ> a Im`cm {‘ioc.Ë`m§À`m ~m`H$mnmoam§g gwImMo {Xdg Am{U CÁdc ^{dî` {Xgoc. AmO Ë`mcmho {‘iV Zmhr H$maU EH$ OJì`mnr fS> §Ì Ë`mcm Vmã`mV R>odV Amho. ham‘Ë`mÀ`m H$ï>mda ‘m¡O‘Om ‘marV AmhoV. Ë`mÀ`m Km‘mda Xm‘ H$‘{dV AmhoV.


cmJcm. `m {nH$m§gmR>r nmUr KoVm `mdo åhUyZ nmQ>dmë`mnmgyZ WoQ> d[að>A{YH$mè`m§n`ªV hmVXm~r Mmcy Pmcr. àg§Jr S>moHo$’$moS>rcmhr H$moUr ‘mJonmhrZm.

gmd©O{ZH$ IMm©Zo Amcoë`m nmÊ`mZo ~mJm`VXmam§À`m pIemV n¡emMmAmoK dmhÿ cmJcm. H$mhr {R>H$mUr H$mhr ~mJm`VXmam§Zr `m Zì`m cú‘rMmAmXa Ho$cm Am{U àJVrÀ`m ZdrZ {Xem emoYm`cm gwédmV Ho$cr. AerCXmhaUo AndmXmË‘H$M. gd©gmYmaUnUo hm n¡gm ~m`m~mQ>ë`m§da OmñVCS>dcm OmD$ cmJcm. JmdnmVirda Jw§S>{JarMo amÁ` Mmcy Pmco.

ñdmV§Í`mZ§VaÀ`m H$mimV Pmcoë`m nmQ>~§Ymao àH$ënm§~m~V Va {dMmam`cmMZH$mo. ZdrZ nmÊ`mImcr Amcoë`m O{‘ZrV XoemgmR>r YmÝ` {nH$dÊ`mMrH$mhr O~m~Xmar Amho ho Hw$UmÀ`m ‘ZmVgwÕm Amco Zmhr. CgmMo ‘io,Ðmjm§Mo ~JrMo ~hê$ cmJco. AÞYmÝ` n[apñWVr 1976 Vo 1979 hm H$migmoS>cm Va {~H$Q>M am{hcr. XþîH$mimMr {MÝho {XgVmM emgZmg YmÝ`mMrAm`mV H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ymdni hmoD$ cmJcr.

~mJm`VXmam§Zr gÎmm hmVr KoVcremgZmZo A§‘cmV AmUcoë`m nmQ>~§Ymao moOZm§Zr eoVH$è`m§Mm ~mJm`VXma

hmoVmo ho nmhVmM ~mJm`VXma JQ>mZo AmUIr EH$ nmD$c nwT>o Q>mH$co. hmVmVn¡gm Va hmoVmM. J«m‘rU ^mJmVrc gm‘mÝ` eoVH$è`m§da Ë`m§Mo dOZhr hmoVo.VoWo nwT>marnUm H$ê$Z ‘Vo {‘idUo AJXr gmono hmoVo. ~mJm`VXma JQ>mZoamOH$maUmV àdoe Ho$cm. ghH$mar gmogm`Q>çm, n§Mm`V g{‘Ë`m, n§Mm`Vr,D$g H$maImZo, ghH$mar ~±H$m, H¥${f CËnÞ ~mOma g{‘Ë`m, IaoXr {dH«$s g§KAem AZoH$ `§ÌUm ~mJm`VXmam§Zr hmVr KoVcr. n§Mm`Vr amÁ`mÀ`m Am{UghH$mar MidirÀ`m AmYmamZo J«m‘rU {d^mJmMr àJVr H$aÊ`mÀ`m KmofUmH$aV H$aV ~mJm`VXma gÎmoMr hr H|$Ðo V`ma Pmcr.

~mJm`VXma ‘§S>itZm Vgo amOH$maUm§V ñdmañ` ’$ma WmoSo> hmoVo. {ZdS>UwH$mcT>dmì`m, nXm{YH$mar ìhmdo, ‘mZ {‘idmdm d Vmo JmOdmdm hr D$‘u.{‘imcoë`m nXmÀ`m AmYmamZo Omo Omo åhUyZ ’$m`Xm pIemV KmcÊ`mgmaImAgoc Vmo ZmH$maÊ`mBVH$s Zr{V‘Îmm Am{U Mm[aÍ` ~mJm`VXma ‘§S>irVAndmX åhUyZM AmT>im`Mo. Amnmnë`m ^mJmV emim, XdmImZo, Q>nmcH$Moè`m CKSy>Z KoÊ`mBVH$s H$V©~Jmar H$R>rU ZìhVr. ~hþVoH$ ~mJ`Vr^mJm§V drOhr Amcr. añVohr gwYmaco nU ~oVm~oVmZoM.

eoVrMm ‘mc Odi Odi gJim EH$mMdoir ~mOmamV CVaVmo hohr AmnUnm{hco AWm©VM ho CKS> Amho H$s Á`m H$mhr ^m½`dmZ eoVH$è`m§Mr eoVrAmH$memVyZ nS>Umè`m nmÊ`mda Adc§~yZ Zmhr Ë`m§Zm nm{hOo Vmo ‘mc nm{hOoVoìhm H$mTy>Z ~mOma^mdm§À`m H$hmamVyZ ‘wº$Vm KoVm òVo.

eoVr‘mc åhUOo OJÊ`mgmR>r Amdí`H$ Aem dñVy. ~mJm`VXmam§ZrH$mT>coë`m ‘mcmg ñnYm© OdiOdi Zmhr Am{U ‘mchr Ë`m‘mZmZo Mm§Jë`màVrMm. `m‘wio ~mJm`Vr eoVr IynM {H$’$m`Vera R>ê$ eH$Vo. AmYw{ZH$eoVH$s V§ÌmMm Aä`mg d dmna H$ê$Z `m dJm©Zo eoVr~m~V IamoIa H$mhrM‘ËH$ma KS>dyZ AmUcoco AmhoV.

~mJm`VXmam§Mm CJ‘~mJm`Vr eoVrMr gwédmV gmh{OH$M ZXr Vcmd BË`mXr nmÊ`mÀ`m

Z¡g{J©H$ gmR>çmeoOmar hmoVo. {d{harÀ`m nmÊ`mda ~ma‘mhr ~mJm`Vr Amnë`màXoemV WmoS>çmà‘mUmda hmoD$ eH$Vo. B§J«Or amÁ` òÊ`mnydu YaUo nmQ>~§Ymaohr Amnë`mH$So> ApñVËdmV ZìhVr. WmoS>r’$ma Vir ~m§Ycocr AgV. Vrhr‘w»`V: {nÊ`mÀ`m H$m‘mgmR>r B§J«Or amÁ`mV YaUo d nmQ>~§Ymao H$m‘m§MrIynM àJVr Pmcr. dma§dma òUmao XþîH$mi Q>miÊ`mgmR>r hr H$m‘o hmVrKoÊ`mV Amcr. XoeâÀ`m eoVrcm `m VèhoZo nmUrnwadR>m H$aVm òUo eŠ`Zmhr. AJXr H$‘mc åhUOo 20% O‘rZ H$Yr H$mir ~mJm`Vr hmoD$ eHo$c.XoemMr Ocg§nÎmr `mo½` arVrZo dmnacr Omdr åhUyZ H$moQ>çdYr én`m§MmIM© H$ê$Z `m `moOZm nma nmS>ë`m OmVmV. Á`m ^mJm§Zm Aem `moOZm§‘wionmUr {‘iVo Ë`m ^mJm§da gmh{OH$M EH$ O~m~Xmar nS>Vo. `m nmÊ`mMmCn`moJ Xoe n[apñWVrg Amdí`H$ Aer {nHo$ H$mT>çmH$aVm hmoB©c d Am{U`m `moOZm§^modVmcÀ`m àXoemV "YmÝ`mMr H$moR>mao' V`ma hmoVrc Aem hoVyZonmQ>~§Ymao `moOZm V`ma H$aÊ`mV Amë`m. gmd©O{ZH$ n¡gm Ë`mda IM©H$aÊ`mMr ‘§Owar XoÊ`mV Amcr Vr Aem H$ënZoZo, H$s ZdrZ ~mJm`VrO{‘ZrV YmÝ`mMr ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda n¡Xmg hmoD$Z XoemV nwÝhm XþîH$mirCnmg‘ma hmoUma Zmhr.

Jw§S>amÁ`mMr ñWmnZmnmQ>~§Ymè`m§Mo nmUr EH$Xm dmhÿ cmJë`mZ§Va ‘J ‘mÌ KS>co Vo ‘moR>o

M‘ËH$m[aH$. ZdrZ ~mJm`Vr O{‘Zr YmÝ`mÀ`m {nH$m§gmR>r ¹${MVM dmnaë`mJoë`m. ~hþVoH$ O{‘ZtMm Cn`moJ D$g, V§~mIy BË`mXr ZJXr {nH$m§gmR>r hmoD$


Jmoï> ñnï> Amho H$s, `m XmoZ JQ>m§Mo {hVg§~§Y AJXr doJio AmhoV. XmoKm§ZmhrAmnë`m {dH$mgmMr dmQ>Mmc doJir doJirM H$amdr cmJoc. ehar B§{S>`m§Vrcà{V{ZYter hmV{‘idUr H$ê$Z ~mJm`VXmam§Zr amÁ`gÎmm hmVr KoVcr Am{UB§{S>`mMo Üò`YmoaU nwT>o Mmcdco. maVmdarc B§{S>`mÀ`m dgmhVdmXr amÁ`m§VB§{S>`mÀ`m hñVH$m§Mo H$m‘ Ë`m§Zr KoVco. `m‘wioM H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVH$è`m§À`mg§KQ>ZoV ~mJm`VXmam§À`m JQ>mcm ñWmZ AgyM eH$V Zmhr. ~mJm`VXmaramOH$maUmnmgyZ eoVH$è`m§Zr gmdY am{hco nm{hOo. eoVH$è`m§À`m ZmdmZo~mocyZ ~mJm`VXma amOH$maÊ`m§Zr ’$ma H$mi ’$gJV Ho$cr Amho. Vr `mnwT>oMmcy XoVm H$m‘m Zò.

MmaJ«m‘rU ^mJmVM amhUmè`m O{‘ZrÀ`m {nH$m§da OJUmè`m ~mJm`VXmam§er

eoVH$è`m§À`m g§KQ>ZoMr AmKmS>r hmoD$ eH$V Zmhr. Ë`m CcQ> eoVrerA{O~mV g§~§Y Zgcoë`m eham§Vrc Am¡Úmo{JH$ H$m‘Jmam§~amo~a eoVH$arg§KQ>Zm EH$OyQ> H$ê$ eH$Vo.

dada nmhUmè`mg Ago dmQ>ë`m{edm` amhUma Zmhr `mV H$mhr Var MyH$Amho. Am‘À`m Odinmg amhUmao O‘rZ H$gUmao ~mJm`VXma Am‘À`mVrcZìhVo Am{U §Ìmda H$m‘ H$aUmao PmonS>nÅ>rV amhUmao H$m‘Jma ‘mÌ Am‘À`mVcoho H$go H$m`? dada nmhUmè`mcm Oar ho WmoSo> M‘ËH$m[aH$ {Xgco Var Oam{dMma H$aVm `m M‘ËH$mamMo H$maU ghO g‘OyZ òB©c.

AmO eham§Vrc PmonS>nQ²>Q>çm§VyZ Am{U J{cÀN> dñVtV amhUmao H$m‘JmaAmco H$moRy>Z? ‘w§~B©-nwÊ`mgma»`m eham§Vrc PmonS>nQ²>Q>çm§Vrc dñVr gVVdmT>V Amho. nwÊ`m‘Üò EHy$U cmoH$dñVrÀ`m 38 % BVH$s PmonS>nÅ>rVamhUmè`m§Mr g§»`m Amho. 1947 gmcr ho à‘mU 6 % gwÕm ZìhVo. ehamV‘moH$ir OmJm {Xgoc {VWo nÍ`m ImoŠ`mMr Kao XmQ>rdmQ>rZo C^mê$Z,nmdgmnmÊ`mV, {MIcmV, KmUrV amhÿZ {‘ioc Vo H$m‘ H$aUmao H$ï>, ‘ohZVH$aUmao ho cmoH$ òVmV Var H$moRy>Z?

PmonS>nÅ>rVrc cmoH$ ho ‘yiMo J«m‘rU ^mJm§Vrc H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVH$arAmhoV. eoVrMm Y§Xm {Xdg|{Xdg ~wS>rV OmD$ cmJcm. eoVrda OJUo AeŠ`hmoD$ cmJco. VgVgo nmoQ>mnmÊ`mgmR>r H$m‘mÀ`m emoYmV ho eoVH$ar ehamVòD$Z amhÿ cmJco Am{U J«m‘rU ^mJm§Vrc {Zdm©{gVm§Mm hm AmoK gVV

amOH$maUm§Vrc gÎmmñWmZm§Mo gdm©V ‘moR>o AmH$f©U åhUOo Amnmnë`m^mJm§V nmÊ`mMr ì`dñWm H$ê$Z KoUo Am{U nmÊ`mMr ì`dñWm Pmë`mZ§Va{ZKUmè`m ZJXr {nH$m§da J¡admOdr ^md AmH$mê$Z H$moQ>çdYr én`m§Mm’$m`Xm H$mT>Uo. OoWo nmQ>~§Ymao `moOZm hmoUo H$R>rU Amho Aem H$moaS>dmhÿeoVrÀ`m ^mJmH$So> ~mJm`VXma nwT>mè`m§Zr Xþc©j Ho$co. gmIaoMo H$maImZo{ZKyZ ~mJm`VXmam§À`m hmVr n¡gm Amcm. nU H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVr‘mcmMr n[apñWVrgwYmaÊ`mgmR>r gmR>dUyH$ dm nmR>dUwH$sMr ì`dñWm, à{H«$òMo H$maImZo`mH$So> cj XoÊ`mV Amco Zmhr.

B§{S>`mMo hñVH$ñdmV§Í`moÎma H$mimV ehar {d^mJmV AmUIr EH$ ‘moR>m JQ> V`ma Pmcm.

naXoer ‘XVrZo H$maImZo V`ma hmoV hmoVo. naXoem§er ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda Am`mV{Z`m©VrMo ì`dhma emgZmZo {Xcoë`m nadmÝ`m§À`m AmYmamZo hmoD$ cmJco.n§Mdm{f©H$ `moOZm§Mm ‘w»` ’$m`Xm `m JQ>mZo {‘idcm. CÚmoJY§ÚmV d ehar^mJmV {dH$mg PnmQ>çmZo hmoD$ cmJcm. ~mJm`VXmam§Zm Amncr ââmQ>Mmcy R>odÊ`mgmR>r Á`mà‘mUo amOH$s` gÎmoMr JaO hmoVr. Ë`mMà‘mUo `mehar JQ>mcmhr hmoVr; nU cmoH$emhr ‘wIS>m H$m`‘ R>odÊ`mgmR>r ‘Vm§Mo JÇ>o{‘idÊ`mMr VmH$X `m JQ>mH$So> ZìhVr. Vr VmH$X hmoVr ~mJm`VXmam§H$So>.

gmh{OH$M ~mJm`VXma Am{U ehar H$maImZXma ì`mnmar `m§Mr amOH$s``wVr Pmcr. gÎmoMr {XImD$ñWmZo ~mJm`VXmam§Zr hmVr KoVcr. {ZdS>UwH$sÀ`mamOH$maUm§V Vo AT>iM hmoVo. {hVg§~§{Y`m§À`m B§{S>`mZo ~mJm`VXmam§Mr d‘}OmUcr Am{U Ë`m§Mm Cn`moJ H$ê$Z B§{S>`mMo ^maVmda dgmhVdmXr amÁ`Mmcy Ho$co.

eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm ~mJm`VXmam§nmgyZ doJir~mJm`VXmam§À`m gÜ`mÀ`m n[apñWVrVrc ^y{‘Ho$Mr ‘r‘m§gm hr Aer

Amho. JmdmoJmdÀ`m gmogm`Q>çm n§Mm`Vr, n§Mm`V g{‘Ë`m, ~mOma g{‘Ë`m`mVrc nXm{YH$mam§Mo dmQ>n H$ê$Z Am{U BH$So> {VH$So> CngmqgMZ `moOZm,nmPa Vcmd Ago VwH$So> ’o$Hy$Z H$moaS>dmhÿ {d^mJm§Vhr Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m hñVH$m§MoOmio Hw$ecVoZo ngadyZ R>odco Amho. ñdV:À`m O{‘ZrnwaVo nmUr òÊ`mMrAmem {Z‘m©U Pmcr H$s H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVH$è`m§Mo ZoVogwÕm ~mJm`VXmam§Mr VirCMcyZ Yê$ cmJVmV.

eoVH$ar d ~mJm`VXma `m§Mm Vgm {damoY AgÊ`mMo H$maU Zmhr; nU hr


cw§JdVmo Va ‘OwarMm IM© H$‘r H$aÊ`mgmR>r Vmo H$m‘Jmam§Zm cw~mS>Vmo.eoVr‘mcmMo ^md H$‘rV H$‘r R>odyZ Vmo `m XmoÝhr Jmoï>r EH$mM doir gmYVmo.eoVr‘mcmÀ`m {H$‘Vr gwYmaë`m Va eoVH$è`m§Mr n[apñWVr gwYmaoc.PmonS>nÅ>rVrc ~oH$mam§Mr g§»`m KQ>oc d Ë`m‘wio ‘OwarMo Xahr dmT>Vrc.

Ho$di hmVmda nmoQ> âUmè`m H$m‘JmamÀ`m Z¡g{J©H$ cT>mD$ àd¥ÎmrZo eharamÁ`m§À`m {déÕÀ`m cT>çmMo ZoV¥Ëd gmh{OH$M Ë`m§À`mH$So> OmB©c. eoVH$è`m§ZmemofUmda AmYmacocr Mmcy ì`dñWm Ë`m emofUmVyZ {Z‘m©U Pmcocm H$m‘JmadJ©M ‘moSy>Z Q>mHo$c. eoVH$ardJm©Zo H$m‘Jmam§À`m cT>çmZm gVV ghmZw^yVrXmIdcr nm{hOo d g{H«$` nmqR>~m {Xcm nm{hOo.

nmMeoVH$ar Ë`m§Mr g§KQ>Zm, Ë`m§Mm cT>m `m gdmªMm AmUIr EH$m dJm©er

g§~§Y òVmo. `m g§~§YmMm {ZXmZ YmdVm C„oI Var H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho.^maVmMo cîH$a A’$mQ> ‘moR>o Amho. Ë`mV cjmdYr {enmB© AmhoV. em§VVoÀ`m

H$mimV nwT>rc cT>çmMr V`mar H$aUo VgoM ‘hmnya, XÿîH$mi Aem AmnÎmrÀ`mdoir ZmJ[aH$m§Zm gmhmæ` H$aUo hr H$m‘o {enmB© nma nmS>VmV. `wÕH$mimVàmUm§Mr ndm© Z H$aVm eÌyMm à{VH$ma H$ê$Z Xoem§Mo ajU H$aUo ho Ë`m§MoH$V©ì`. hr H$m‘{Jar ~OmdVmZm hOmam|Zr Amnë`m àmUm§Mr AmhþVr {XcocrAmho. XoemV AZoH$ àH$maÀ`m ZmoH$è`m AmhoV; nU nJmamda àmU ÚmdocmJUmar {enmB©{Jar hr EH$M ZmoH$ar Amho. `wÕ gwê$ Agco H$s OdmZm§À`m~hmXþatM gJirH$So> dmhdm hmoVo. nwT>mar Ë`m§Mr àe§gm H$aVmV. Jm§dmoJm§dMoH$dr Ë`m§À`mda H$dZo aMVmV. eham§Vrc gwIdñVy ~m`H$m Am{U Ë`m§Zr‘{hcm‘§S>io OdmZm§Zm ImÊ`mÀ`m dñVy nmR>dy cmJVmV. Ë`m§À`mgmR>r Ja‘~§S>çm {dUy cmJVmV. H$mhr {Xdg gd© dmVmdaU g¡{ZH$‘` hmoD$ cmJVo.

cT>mB© g§ncr H$s OdmZm§Mm gdmªZm ghOM {dga nS>Vmo. cT>mB©V H$m‘rAmcoë`m OdmZm§À`m ~m`H$m‘wcm§da VwQ>nw§Á`m noÝeZda {Xdg H§$R>Ê`mMrdoi oVo. OI‘r Pmcoë`m, hmV nm` J‘mdcoë`m g¡{ZH$m§Zm ~hþVm§er Y‘m©Xm`qH$dm gm‘m{OH$ godm§da Adc§~yZ amhmdo cmJVo. godm{Zd¥Îm Pmcoë`m g¡{ZH$m§MrpñWVrhr ’$maer ñn¥hUr` Zmhr. H$mhr ñd`§godr g§KQ>Zm Ë`m§Zm gmhmæ`H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aVmV VodT>mM Ë`m§Zm AmYma.

XoemgmR>r ‘aU ñdrH$maUmè`m hm¡VmËå`mMo H$mì` {H$Vrhr ñ’y${V©Xm`H$

‘moR>çm ehamH$So> dmhV am{hcm Amho. ehamVë`m PmonS>nQ²>Q>çm gVV dmT>VAmhoV `mMm Iam AW© Agm, H$s J«m‘rU ^mJmVrc H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVH$è`m§ZmO{‘Zrda OJUo AeŠ` Amho.

eoVH$è`m§À`m ‘mcmcm H$‘rV H$‘r ^md XoÊ`m‘Üò ehar g‘mOmcm Xþhoar’$m`Xm hmoVmo. H$ƒm ‘mc H$‘rV H$‘r ^mdmV KoD$Z H$maImZXmar ‘mc‘hmJmV ‘hmJ {dHy$Z hmoUmam Z’$m hm n{hcm ’$m`Xm. Aem VèhoZo H§$JmcPmcocm eoVH$ar ehar PmonS>dñVrV OmD$Z am{hcm, H$s ñdñV ‘OwarV ânyanwadR>m hmoD$Z H$maImZXmar H$m‘mMm IM© H$‘r hmoVmo hm Xþgam ’$m`Xm.

ehamV H$m‘mÀ`m emoYmV Amcoë`m eoVH$è`m§Mo hmc H$m§hr g§nV ZmhrV.Mm§Jë`m H$maImÝ`mV ZmoH$ar H$aUmao ^m½`dmZ ’$ma WmoSo>. ~hþVoH$mZm h‘mcr‘Owar H$ê$Z H$go~go nmoQ> Omimdo cmJVo. VargwÕm IoS>çmdarc eoVmV amhÿZg§nyU© Cnmg‘ma hmoÊ`mnojm ehamV AY©nmoQ>r Var amhUo Ë`mcm nËH$amdocmJVo.

JmdmVë`m hOmamo dfm©À`m na§naoZo MmcV Amcoco Am`wî` gmoSy>Z gd©amÁ`m§VyZ Amcoë`m AZoH$ Y‘mªÀ`m, AR>amnJS> OmVtÀ`m PmonS>dñVrV amhUoË`mcm ^mJ nS>Vo. EHy$U gd©M OrdZ CX²ÜdñV Pmcoco, OwÝ`m na§nam‘moS>H$irg Amcoë`m. ñdV:Mo åhUm`cm ‘mc‘Îmm H$mhr Zmhr. earamVVmH$X Amho Vmon`ªV am~am~ am~m`M§ Am{U hmVmda nmoQ> am`Mo Aer Ë`mMrAdñWm hmoVo.

nU {ZgJm©Mm H$m` M‘ËH$ma Amho. Oo ‘mVrV g§nyU© JmS>mdo Ë`mMoM ~rA§Hw$aVo Am{U amon ’w$Q>Vo. Á`m§Zm Am`wî`mV H$emMmM AmYma Zmhr Ë`m§ZmJ‘dm`cmhr H$mhr ZgVo.

J‘mdÊ`mMo H$mhr Zmhr Va Hw$Umcm H$emgmR>r ä`m`Mo? ‘ocoë`mcm‘aUmMo H$m` ^`? Aem {dMmamZo H$m‘Jma cT>çmcm V`ma hmoVmV dË`mgmR>r EH$OyQ> H$aVmV. Joë`m Mmirg dfmªÀ`m H$mimV g§K{Q>V cT>m XoD$ZH$m‘Jmam§Zr Or àJVr Ho$cr {VMm AmXe© eoVH$è`m§Zr S>moù`mg‘moa R>odcmnm{hOo.

eoVH$ar Am{U H$m‘Jma ho EH$‘oH$m§Mo gmWr AmhoV. ^mD$ ^mD$ AmhoV.ehar g‘mOm{déÕMm cT>m Ë`m XmoKm§Zmhr EH$Ì cT>mdm cmJUma Amho.

XmoKm§Mm eÌy EH$M Amho. ehar g‘mO, Omo XmoKm§Mo emofU H$aVmo.XmoKm§Zmhr ZmJdVmo. H$ÀÀ`m ‘mcmMo ^md H$‘r H$aÊ`mgmR>r Vmo eoVH$è`mcm


CÚmoJY§ÚmV H$m‘ H$aÊ`mg V`ma Agcoco Ag§»` ~oH$ma Am{U `wÕ^y‘rdaOrd R>odÊ`mg V`ma Agcoco cjmdYr OdmZhr {‘iVmV.

H$m‘Jma Á`mà‘mUo eoVH$è`mMo XmoñV AmhoV. Ë`mMà‘mUo OdmZ hohreoVH$è`mMo gmWr AmhoV. `m AWm©Zo eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo "O` {H$gmZ ! OÒdmZ!!' hr KmofUm ñdrH$macr Amho.

Xoer qH$dm {dXoer dgmhVdmXmMm gm‘Zm H$aVm§Zm {H$gmZm§BVH$sM ‘hÎdmMrH$m‘{Jar OdmZm§Zr ~Omdcocr Amho. Amnë`m XoemVyZ B§J«Om§Zm OmUohr ^mJnmS>co Vo AmPmX qhX ’$m¡OoV gm‘rc Pmcoë`m OdmZm§Zr Am{U ~§S>ImoaZm{dH$m§Zr OdmZm§À`m `m CR>mdmZ§Va cm°S©> ‘mD$§Q>~°Q>Z `m§Zr n§VàYmZ `m§Zm{c{hco hmoVo, "^maVmda AmVm ~mhoê$Z amÁ` H$aUo eŠ` Zmhr; nU AmVyZH$aVm òB©c.' nU AmVyZ H$aVm òB©c. dgmhVdmÚm§À`m H$madm`m§Zm èAmco. maVmda B§{S>`mMo amÁ` Mmcy Pmco. hOmamo OdmZm§Mo Am{U hþVmËå`mMo~{cXmZ ì`W© Pmco. dgmhVdmXmMo ~mhoarc énSo> ’$º$ ~Xcco. gm‘mÝ` a`VhcmIrVM âS>V am{hcr.

^maVmÀ`m `m Zì`m dgmhVdmXm{déÕÀ`m cT>çmV Am{U Ë`mZ§VaC^mamd`mÀ`m eoVH$aràUrV g‘mOmV ^maVr` OdmZm§Mm H$m` ^mJ AgmdmqH$dm Agoc `mMr MMm© {ZaW©H$ Amho. B{VhmgmMm nwZ:àË`` Amë`mIoarOamhUma Zmhr. XoemÀ`m ñdmV§Í`mgmR>r gd©ñd nUmcm cmdmd`mcm eoVH$arMwH$Uma Zmhr, H$m‘Jma H$MaUma Zmhr Am{U OdmZ {dgaUma Zmhr.

ghmeoVH$ar g‘mO hm Xoeâ {dIwacocm Amho. hm g‘mO ’w$Q>ra Amho. Aem

{dIwacoë`m d ’w$Q>ra dJm©Mr g§KQ>Zm èñdrarË`m ~m§YÊ`mgmR>r H$m` ‘mJ©`moOmdoV `mMm AmVm {dMma H$amd`mMm Amho.

g§KQ>Zm ~m§YÊ`mgmR>r gdm©V ‘hÎdmMr Jmoï> åhUOo gd© eoVH$è`m§Zm ‘mÝÀgo g‘mZ Üò` {ZpíMV H$aUo. Oa Ago g‘mZ Üò` R>adVm Amco Zmhr Va‘O~yV g§KQ>Zm C^r amhUma Zmhr.

àËòH$ JmdÀ`m H$mhr {deof AS>MUr AgVmV. Hw$R>o ß`m`cm nmUr Zmhr,Hw$R>o dmhVwH$sMr gmo` Zmhr, Hw$R>o drO Zmhr, Hw$R>o emim Zmhr, Hw$R>oAm¡fYnmÊ`mMr gmo` Zmhr.

H$mhr {R>H$mUr gaH$mar A{YH$mar OmM H$aVmV Va Hw$R>o Jmdm§Vë`m

Agmo, eŠ`Vmo ho H$m‘ Xþgè`mZo Ho$coco ~ao hr gmh{OH$M gdmªMr ^mdZmAmnU hmoD$Z ñdIwerZo Ago gVrMo d«V ñdrH$maUmao H$go H$m` {‘idmdoV?hr AS>MU gmoS>dÊ`mgmR>r ~hþVoH$ gd© {dH${gV Xoem§V cîH$ar {ejU hogd© ZmJ[aH$m§g gº$sMo AgVo d `wÕmgmaIm àg§J Amë`mg gd© ZmJ[aH$m§gcîH$ar H$madmB©V gm‘rc ìhmdo cmJVo. amï´>ajUmgmR>r Ordmda ¿`m`MmYmoH$m d Ë`mMo J§^ra n[aUm‘ ho amï´>mVrc gd© ZmJ[aH$ CƒZrMVoMm {dMmaZ H$aVm {d^mJyZ KoVmV.

Amnë`m XoemV AWm©VM Aer pñWVr Zmhr. Am`wî`â Xþgè`mÀ`m H$ï>m§da‘m¡O‘Om H$aUmao ehar cmoH$ Amnco gwImMo Am`wî` YmoŠ`mV Kmcm`cmWmoSo>M V`ma hmoUma? `wÕmMo ^rfU aUH§$XZ Mmcy AgVmZm {H«$Ho$Q>Mr Q>oñQ>‘°M Mmcy AgVmZm H$moUË`m ~mOyÀ`m {H$Vr Ymdm Pmë`m Vo nmhmdo Ë`mà‘mUog¡Ý` cmhmoacm nm|Mco qH$dm Zmhr, T>m¸$m {H$Vr ‘¡c am{hco Ago àíZ{dMmaV ao{S>Amocm H$mZ cmdyZ ~gm`Mo ho Ë`m§Mo H$m‘. Hw$Um AmgnmgÀ`mHw$Qw>§~mVrc EImXm coâQ>Z§Q> qH$dm nm`cQ> OI‘r Pmë`mMr qH$dm H$m‘rAmë`mMr ~mV‘r Amcr åhUOo Va OUy AmnU àË`j cT>mB©VM ^mJ KoVcmAgë`mMr mdZm hmoVo. Aem H$a‘UwH$sgmR>r OdmZm§H$aVm ‘XV åhUyZ H$mhrénò H$nSo> Úmdo cmJco Va Vo H$mhr ‘hmJ Zmhr. `wÕ n[apñWVrMm ’$m`XmKoD$Z ‘mcmMm gmR>m H$ê$Z {H$‘Vr dmT>dyZ H$mim~mOma H$ê$Z CnQ>Vm AmcmVa ’$maM CÎm‘. `m d¥ÎmrMo ehar WmoSo>M cîH$amV âVr hmoD$Z hmVmV ~§XÿH$KoD$Z cT>md`mg OmUma AmhoV?

‘J OdmZ oVmV H$moRy>Z? H$moUË`m mJmVyZ? H$moUË`m dJm©VyZ? cîH$amVrcOdmZ hm OdiOdi gJim J«m‘rU mJmVyZ åhUOo maVmMm a{hdmgr Amho,Ë`mMm KaMm ‘yiMm ì`dgm` eoVr, H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVr qH$dm Ho$di eoV‘Owar,ehar AW©ì`dñWoÀ`m H$madm`m§‘wio eoVrV H$mhrM gwQ>V Zmhr. ‘wcm~mim§ZmEH$doi nmoQ>â {‘iUo H$R>rU. {ejUmMr H$mhr eŠ`Vm Zmhr. ^{dî`mVgwImMr H$mhr Amem Zmhr Am{U OdiOdi Zo‘mZo XþîH$mi Amcm H$s, gd©Xmhr {Xem§da CYiyZ Om`Mo. `m Aem Am`wî`mVyZ gwQ>Ê`mMm ‘mJ© åhUyZeoVH$ar VéU cîH$amV OdmZ åhUyZ aVr hmoVmo, Aem aVr hmoD$ BpÀN>Umè`mVéUm§Mrhr BVH$s JXu hmoVo H$s, A{YH$mè`m§Mo hmV Xm~yZ âVr H$ê$Z ¿`mdrcmJVo.

eoVH$è`mÀ`m emofUmVyZ {‘iUmè`m àË`j ’$m`Úm~amo~a ehar ì`dñWoV


eoVH$è`m§Mr n[apñWVr gwYmaÊ`mMo AmOn`ªV Oo à`ËZ Pmco Ë`m§Mr’$clw{V Aer H$éUmñnX Amho.

ho à`ËZ ’$gUo AQ>iM hmoVo H$maU Vo n[apñWVrMm gdmªJrU Aä`mgH$ê$Z R>adÊ`mV Amcoco ZìhVo. eoVH$è`m§À`m àíZmMm Á`m§Zr gImocAä`mg Ho$cocm Zmhr Aem nwT>mè`m§À`m hmVmV emgZmMr gmYZ g§nÎmrAmcr. Ë`m gmYZm§Mm Cn`moJ Ë`m§Zr Amnmnë`m mJmVrc moOZm am~dÊ`mgmR>rHo$cm. AZoH$ doim `m `moOZm Ho$di ì`{º$JV ñdmWm©gmR>rM am~dÊ`mVAmë`m.

Aem m {ZamemOZH$ n[apñWVrVyZ dmQ> H$mT>m`Mo H$m‘ eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoH$So>Amcoco Amho. Hw$Í`mÀ`m A§Jmda XJS> ’o$H$cm Va Vmo Ë`m XJS>mcmMMmdm`Mm à`ËZ H$aVmo. VoM dmKmÀ`m A§Jmda XJS> ’o$H$cm Va Vmo ’o$H$Umè`mÀ`mZaS>çmMm KmoQ> KoVmo. eoVH$è`mda AmO AZoH$ XJS> {âH$mdco OmV Amho.Ë`m XJS>m§À`m ‘mJo YmdyZ Ë`m§Zm MmdyZ H$mhrhr Cn`moJ Zmhr. Xþgao XJS>noH$mQ>mV ~gV amhVrcM. ho XJS> H$moRy>Z òVmV? Vo H$moU ’o$H$V Amho?`mMm A§XmO KoD$Z Ë`mMmM ~§Xmo~ñV qghmÀ`m namH«$‘mZo H$aUo Amdí`H$Amho.

‘J H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVH$è`m§À`m hmcmIrMo ‘yi H$moUVo? Vo ‘yi H$maU XÿaHo$co nm{hOo. XmoZ-Mma JmdÀ`m qH$dm hOma XmoZ hOma Jmdm§‘Üò WmoS>çm’$ma`moOZm am~dyZgwÕm hm àíZ gwQ>Uma Zmhr. XoemVrc gmSo>ghm cmI IoS>çm§MmOa àíZ gmoS>dm`Mm Agoc Va Ë`m gdmªÀ`m Xþ:ImMo ‘yi Xÿa H$amd`mgnm{hOo. EImÚm AmOmar ‘mUgmMo aº$M Iam~ Pmcoco Agoc Va Ë`mÀ`mgJù`m A§Jmda ’$moS> òVrc. EHo$H$m ’$moS>mda ‘c‘nÅ>r H$aV ~gco Va IM©Iyn hmoB©c. doi Iyn OmB©c Am{U AmOma Va ~am hmoUma Zmhr. H$maU aº$MIam~ Agë`m‘wio Zdo Zdo ’$moS> gVV òV amhVrcM. Ë`mcm Cnm` `moOZmåhUOo Aem Am¡fYmMr nm{hOo H$s Á`m‘wio EH$m gwB©Zo aº$mVrc Xmof ZmhrgohmoVrc.

AmOda emgZmZo O‘oc {VVŠ`m ’$moS>m§Zm ‘c‘nÅ>r H$aÊ`mMo H$m‘ MmcdcoAmho. ~hþVoH$ ’$moS>mda Am¡fY CnMma ìhm`Mo AmhoV. ‘c‘nÅ>r Pmcoë`m{R>H$mUr WmoS>r gwYmaUm Pmcr Ago H$mhr H$mi dmQ>co Var {’$ê$Z {VWo ’$moS>òVM AmhoV. Aem à`ËZmÀ`m {dMmamZo {Q>H$mD$ g§KQ>Zm ~m§YUo eŠ` Zmhr.

^maVmVrc H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVH$è`m§À`m hcmIrMo ‘yi H$maU Ë`m§Zm {‘iUmam

Jw§S>mMr ‘UJQ>emhr MmcVo.Xhm-nmM JmdÀ`m JQ>m§À`m H$mhr AS>MUr AgVmV. ~m§Y~§{XñVr,

nmPaVcmd, N>moQ>o nmQ>~§Ymao Aem VèhoÀ`m `moOZm V`ma H$ê$Z Ë`m am~dyZKoD$Z eoVrMr gwYmaUm Ho$ë`mIoarO Ë`m ^mJmVrc eoVH$è`m§Zm eoVrdaOJUoM eŠ` ZgVo.

Aer AZoH$ Xþ:Io Am{U AZ§V AS>MUr. H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVH$è`mMo AmH$meM’$mQ>coco Ë`mcm {R>Jio Hw$R>o Hw$R>o åhUyZ cmdmdrV Am{U XmoZ doiÀ`m^mH$arMr ^«m§V Agcoë`m eoVH$è`m§Mo àíZ gmoS>{dÊ`mgmR>r VmH$X Hw$Ry>ZAmUmdr?

H$mhr {R>H$mUr eoVH$è`m§Mr pñWVr Oam ~ar AgVo. Aem {R>H$mUr H$mhreoVH$ar EH$Ì òVmV. ghH$mar nÕVrZo Cngm `moOZm dJ¡ao H$ê$Z nmÊ`mMrgmo` H$ê$ ~KVmV. eoVrcm cmJUmar daIVo, Am¡fYo, ~r-{~`mUo EH$ÌIaoXr H$ê$Z ImÌrera ‘mc mo½` mdm§V {‘imdm Agm à`ËZ H$aVmV. V`maPmcocm eoVr‘mc ghH$mar nÕVrZo EH$Ì H$ê$Z Ë`mMr {dH«$s Mm§Jë`m mdmZoH$ê$ nmhVmV.

CgmÀ`m ~mJm`VXmam§Zr `mnwT>o nmD$c Q>mHy$Z ghH$mar gmIa H$maImZoH$mTy>Z A’$mQ> àJVr Ho$cr Amho. XÿY CËnmXH$m§Zr ghH$mar nÕVrZo ì`dgm`H$ê$Zhr Amncr ~arM àJVr H$ê$Z KoVcr Amho.

emgZmH$Sy>Z Aem à`ËZm§Zm H$mhr gmhmæ`hr {‘iVo nU AmOn`ªVMmgd©gmYmaU AZw^d Agm Amho, H$s H$mhr hmVmÀ`m ~moQ>mda ‘moOÊ`mBVHo$AndmX gmoS>ë`mg ~hþVoH$ g§ñWm ‘aJië`m AmhoV qH$dm ~§XM nS>ë`mAmhoV. `mcm H$maUo AZoH$ AmhoV. Ë`m§Mm {dMma ñdV§ÌnUo H$amdm cmJoc;nU ghH$mar g§ñWm§À`m AnèmMr ‘hÎdmMr H$maUo åhUOo Ë`mVrc H$ma^mar‘§S>irVrc Hw$ecVoMm d gMmoQ>rMm A^md hrM hmoV.

AZoH$ ghH$mar g§ñWm ~§X nS>ë`m AmhoV. H$mhrMo ì`dhma W§S>mdcoAmhoV H$mhr ~§X nS>Ê`mÀ`m dmQ>oda AmhoV. Á`m H$mhr Mmcy AmhoV Ë`m§À`mì`dhmamda H$mhr H$ma^mar ‘§S>ir J~a hmoV AmhoV amOH$maU H$aV AmhoV.g^mgX eoVH$è`m§À`m n[apñWVrV Odi Odi ’$aH$ Zmhr Am{U H$mhrg§ñWm§À`m g^mgXm§Mr n[apñWVr g§ñWm ~§X nS>ë`m‘wio AmUIr Iam~MPmcocr Amho. Ë`m§À`m Zmdmda H$O©o MT>cr AmhoV. Ë`m§À`m O{‘Zr JhmUnS>coë`m AmhoV Am{U g§ñWm ~§X Agë`m‘yio ’$m`Xm H$mhrM Zmhr.


J«m‘rU ^maVmV n¡gm Ioiy cmJoc. eoVrMm {dH$mg hmoB©c. eoVH$ar deoV‘Oya `m XmoKm§Mohr OrdZ‘mZ gwYmê$ eHo$c.

Mmcy n[apñWVrV H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVr hr ’$m`Xoera hmoD$ eH$VM Zmhr.nmdgmÀ`m A{ZpíMVnUm‘wio {nH$mg {Z‘m©U hmoUmam YmoH$m BVH$m ‘moR>m AmhoH$s Ë`mMr JUZm {d‘m hßË`mÀ`m nÕVrZo CËnmXZ IMm©V Ho$cr Va àËòH$eoVr‘mcmMm CËnmXZ IM© Ë`mÀ`m Mmcy KmD$H$ {H$‘Vrnojm {ZXmZ 70 %Vo 80 % OmñV R>aoc. Á`mAWu eoV‘mcmVrc ’$ma ‘moR>o à‘mU nmdgmù`mÀ`mdm a~r h§Jm‘mÀ`m eodQ>r ~mOmamV òV Agë`m‘wio eoVr‘mcmMr ~mOmanoR>gVV ì`mnmè`m§À`m Vmã`mVM amhVo Am{U gd© eoVr‘mc H$‘rV H$‘r {H$‘VrVM{dH$cm OmVmo. ì`mnmè`m§Zm `m nÕVrV BVH$m ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV ’$m`Xm hmoVmoH$s dñVwV: ImoQ>r dOZo ‘mno, ImoQ>çm nQ²>Q>çm, ImoQ>o {hemo~ Agco àH$maH$aÊ`mMm ‘moh Ë`m§Zm hmoD$ Zò. na§Vw ‘mZdVoÀ`m d Zr{V‘ÎmoÀ`m {dMmam§ZrñdV:Mm ’$m`Xm ZmH$maë`mMo CXmhaU {daimM.

eoVr‘mcmg amñV ^md {‘idÊ`mgmR>r H$moUVr Cnm` `moOZm H$amd`mgnm{hOo ho AmnU nm{hco Amho. gmam§emZo gm§Jmd`mMo åhUOo hr Cnm``moOZmImcrcà‘mUo-

eoVr‘mcmg mo½` Aer JwXm‘o, erVJ¥ho, dImar ~m§YyZ eoV‘mc gmR>dÊ`mMrì`dñWm H$aUo.

nma§n[aH$ nÕVrMr eoVr CËnmXZo ~§X H$ê$Z dm H$‘r H$ê$Z gVV ZdrZCËnmXZo KoUo d nyaH$ OmoS>Y§Xo H$aUo.

OmñVrV OmñV eoVr‘mc H$ÀÀ`m ñdénmV ~mOmamV Z nmR>dVm Ë`mdaH$mhrZm H$mhr à{H«$`m H$ê$Z {Q>H$mD$ ñdê$n XoUo.

`m àËòH$ Cnm`mg ~wS>rV ^m§S>dc d Mmcy IMm©gmR>r ‘moR>çm à‘mUmdaJw§VdUwH$sMr JaO cmJoc. eoVH$è`mg Ë`mÀ`m Mmcy ‘mcmda Oar amñV ^md{‘imcm Var ’$ma WmoS>çm H$mimV ñdV:À`m ~imda da gm§{JVcoë`m àH$maMrCnm``moOZm H$aUo Ë`mcm eŠ` hmoB©c. na§Vw ^md ZmhrV Vmon`ªV ^m§S>dcZmhr Am{U ^m§S>dc Zmhr Vmon`ªV ^md ZmhrV Aem H$mÌrV Vmo gmnS>cmAmho.

amñV ^md {‘idyZ XoUo hm H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVH$è`m§À`m åhUOoM n`m©`mZoAmnë`m XoemVrc ~hþg§»` OZVoÀ`m Am`wî`mVyZ Xm[aÐç nidyZ cmdÊ`mMmEH$‘od am‘~mU Cnm` Amho. hr gy`©àH$memBVH$s ñdÀN> Jmoï> Amho Am{U

Anwam ‘mo~Xcm hoM Amho. eoVr‘mc H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r Omo H$mhr IM© òVmo VmoH$Yrhr ^ê$Z òV Zgë`m‘wio H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVr hm ~wS>rV Y§Xm Pmcm Amho.nmdgmÀ`m A{ZpíMVnUm‘wio {nH$mMr Or ~yS> qH$dm ZwH$gmZr hmoVo Vrgd©ñdr eoVH$è`mÀ`m S>moŠ`mda nS>Vo. Oa ‘hm^m½`mZo EImXo dfu ~ao nrH$Amco Va ~mOmam§V ‘w~cH$ nrH$ Amë`m‘wio ^md H$‘r hmoVmV. `mIoarOXadfu h§Jm‘mV gd© {nHo$ ~mOmamV EH$X‘ Amë`m‘wio eoVH$è`m§Zm Ë`m§À`mIMm©BVH$mhr ‘mo~Xcm {‘iy eH$V Zmhr. eoVrVë`m ImoQ>rMm n[aUm‘ gmh{OH$MeoV‘OwarÀ`m Xamda hmoVmo. eoVH$ar Hw$Qw>§~mÀ`m amhUr‘mZmda hmoVmo. {Xdg|{XdgeoVH$è`m§Mr pñWVr IMVM OmVo.

gÚ:pñWVrV H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVH$ar ~wS>V Mmccm Amho. nmUr nma Ë`mÀ`mZmH$m Vm|S>mV OmD$ cmJco Amho. Aem doir Ë`mcm nmohÊ`mMr VmH$X `mdråhUyZ e{º$dY©H$ Am¡fYo ’o$H$Ê`mV H$mhr AW© Zmhr. Ë`m Am¡fYmMm H$m§hrn[aUm‘ hmoUma Zmhr Am{U hmoUma Agcm Var Ë`mÀ`m AmYrM eoVH$ar ~wSy>ZOmB©c. Ë`mÀ`mH$So> AmO cJoM ^monim ’o$H$Ê`mMr JaO Amho. hm ^monimåhUOo gd© eoVr‘mcmg CËnmXZ IMm©À`m WmoS>m’$ma Var da ‘mo~Xcm. Agm‘mo~Xcm {‘imcm VaM eoVH$ar Amncr n[apñWVr gwYmê$ eHo$c.

hr Cnm``moOZm n[aUm‘H$maH$ AmhoM; nU Ë`m~amo~a gd© eoVH$è`mgCn`moJr Amho. åhUyZM eoVr‘mcmcm mo½` md {‘idUo hm eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMm‘Ü`dVu H$m`©H«$‘ Agcm nm{hOo. `m g‘mZ Üò`mgmR>r gd© eoVH$è`m§ZmEH$Ì H$aVm òB©c. Ë`m§À`m‘Üò dmX{ddmX {Z‘m©U Z hmoVm gdmªMo EH$‘VhmoD$Z ‘O~yV AmKmS>r C^maÊ`mgmR>r Vo V`ma hmoVrc.

`mMm AW© Agm Zmhr H$s eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm ñWm{ZH$ AS>MUrH$So> cjXoUma Zmhr. JmdmoJmdÀ`m eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm§Mr {OVH$s VmH$X Agoc Ë`mà‘mUmV añVm, nmUr, drO `m g§~§YrÀ`m AS>MUr Xÿa H$aÊ`mgmR>r g§KQ>ZoZoAdí` à`ËZ H$amd`mg nm{hOoV. Aem cT>çm‘wio g§KQ>Zm ‘O~yV hmoÊ`mg‘XV hmoB©c. nU Aem chmZ MiditZr d cT>çm§Zr ~m§Ycoë`m g§KQ>ZoMm‘w»` Cn`moJ hm eoVr‘mcmg amñV ^md {‘idÊ`mÀ`m ‘w»` Üò`mgmR>rH$amd`mMm Amho. `mMm {dga nS>Vm H$m‘m Zò.

gmVeoV‘mcmg `mo½` ^md {‘idUo ho ‘Ü`dVu Üò`. ho gmÜ` Pmë`mg


KaÀ`m ImÊ`mgmR>r YmÝ` {dH$V ¿`mdo cmJVo Ë`m§Mo `m‘wio ‘moR>o ZwH$gmZhmoB©c. hm w{º$dmX AË`§V ’$gdm Amho. YmÝ` {dH$V ¿`mdo cmJUmao eoVH$ardoJdoJù`m H$maUm§Zr YmÝ` {dH$V KoVmV.

àW‘V: Kar ‘w~cH$ nrH$ òUmao eoVH$ar Ë`m§À`m eoVmV Z hmoUmam ‘mc{dH$V KoVmV. CXm. ^mV, S>mir, Jhÿ dJ¡ao. eoVr‘mcmMm ^md dmT>ë`mZo`mÀ`mda H$moUVmhr n[aUm‘ hmoUma Zmhr.

Ë`mZ§Va Kar Anwao nrH$ oV Agë`mZo Ë`mÀ`m ~Xë`mV H$‘r XOm©Mo nrH${dH$V KoUmao eoVH$ar CXm. ‘mdimV mV {nH$dUmao eoVH$ar mV ImD$Z df©^mJUma Zmhr åhUyZ mV {dH$VmV d ~mOar KoD$Z df© H$mT>VmV. eoVr‘mcmg`mo½` md {Xë`mg m àH$maÀ`m eoVH$è`mda {deof A{Zï> n[aUm‘ hmoÊ`mMreŠ`Vm Zmhr.

{Vgam YmÝ` {dH$V KoUmam eoVH$è`m§Mm dJ© åhUOo CËnmXZ Anwao Agë`m‘wioeoV‘Owar H$ê$Z YmÝ` {dH$V KoUmam. `m dJm©dahr A{Zï> n[aUm‘ hmoÊ`mMreŠ`Vm Zmhr. eoVr‘mcmMo ^md nS>V AgVmZmgwÕm Joë`m XmoZ-VrZ dfmªV‘OwarMo Xa dmT>V am{hco AmhoV. Vo md dmT>ë`mg Ë`mMm n[aUm‘ eoV‘OwarMoXa dmT>Ê`mV {ZpíMV hmoB©c.

`m AVr Jar~ dJm©Mm à‘wI àíZ Amho Vmo eoVr ho OJÊ`mMo gmYZ AnwaonS>Vo Amho hm Amho. J«m‘rU ^mJmV à{H«$òMo H$maImZo Am{U BVa CÚmoJY§Xo{ZKmd`mg hdoV Vo `m X[aÐrZmamÙmgmR>r. eoV‘mcmMo ^md MT>moV dm nS>moVË`m§Mr hcmIr H$m`‘M amhVo. Ë`mcm CÎma eoVrÀ`m ~mhoa emoYmd`mgnm{hOo. Ë`mgmR>r eoVr‘mcmÀ`m Anwè`m ^mdmMo g‘W©Z H$aUo VH©$Xþþï> Amho.

`m {dÛmZm§Mo ‘V Oa J«mø Yaco Va eoV‘mcmMo ^md {OVHo$ H$‘r {VVH$meoVH$è`mg OmñV ’$m`Xm Ago {d{já VmËn`© {ZKoc. Agë`m eharVH©$emómH$So> Xþc©j H$ê$Z XoeâÀ`m eoVH$è`m§Zr Amnco gd© cj EH$mÜò`mda H|${ÐV Ho$co. Amnë`m H$ï>mMm `mo½` ‘mo~Xcm åhUOoM eoVr‘mcmg`mo½` ^md `m EH$m Üò`mgmR>r eoVH$è`m§Mm ’w$Q>ra d {dñH$irV dJ© g§K{Q>VH$aVm òB©c.

AmR>Amnë`m I§S>àm` XoemV cjmdYr IoS>çmnmS>çm§VyZ {dIwacoë`m {dñH$irV

Am{U ’w$Q>ra eoVH$ardJm©Mr EH$g§Y AmKmS>r V`ma H$aUo ho àW‘ C{Ôï>.

VargwÕm m EH$m ‘mJm©Mm YS>mS>rZo Adc§~ emgZ d BVa JaOm H$aV ZmhrV.eoVrVë`m V§ÌmV gwYmaUm H$aUo, Zdr Am¡fYo, IVo nwadUo BH$So> {VH$So> H$mhrJwXm‘o dm H¥${fCÚmoJ H$mT>Uo Aem VèhoMo à`moJ ¹${MV hmoVmV. nU à‘wIâ H$ë`mUH$mar `moOZm§da AgVmo.

`mMo H$maU Ago H$s gÜ`mMo gd© nj Ë`m§Mr emgZo m§Mo {hVg§~§Y eharì`dgm`mV Jw§Vccoo AmhoV. eoVH$è`mgmR>r Oo H$amd`mMo Vo ehar aâmQ>rÀ`mZImghr Y¸$m Z cmdVm H$aÊ`mMm Ë`m§Mm gmh{OH$M à`ËZ AgVmo. eoVr‘mcmgamñV md {Xë`mg ehar m§S>dcmMm H$UmM ‘moS>Uma Amho Am{U Ago ñdOZÐmohr H¥$Ë` H$moUmMohr emgZ H$aUma Zmhr.

JwXm‘o à{H«$`mH$maImZo Ago àH$ën hmVr KoVco Var Vo Á`m nÕVrZo am~dcoOmVmV Ë`m nÕVrZo Ë`mMm ’$m`Xm eoVH$è`m§g Z {‘iVm ehar ì`dgm`mgM{‘iVmo. eoVr‘mcmg `mo½` ^md {‘iy cmJë`mg J«m‘rU ^mJm§Vrc OZVoÀ`mhmVr ^m§S>dc V`ma hmoB©c d hr OZVm emgZmMo gmhmæ` Z KoVm Amnë`m‘mcmg `mo½` qH$‘V {‘ioc Aer H$m`‘ñdê$nr ì`dñWm am~dy eHo$c.

^md d ^m§S>dc `m§Mo Ñï>MH«$ ’$moS>Ê`mgmR>r eoVH$è`m§Zr g§K{Q>V hmoD$ZMidi Ho$cr nm{hOo. cT>o {Xco nm{hOoV. Amnë`m g§»`m~imMm Cn`moJË`m§Zr AmOda H$ê$Z KoVcm Zmhr. Vo g§»`m~i dmnê$Z Amnë`m ‘mJÊ`m‘mÝ` H$ê$Z KoVë`m nm{hOoV. chmZ‘moR>çm nmVirda eoVH$è`m§Zr ‘mcmMmg§n Ho$cm nm{hOo.

g‘Om eoVH$è`m§Zr EH$ df© A{O~mV V`ma ‘mc ~mOmamV nmR>dm`MmM ZmhrAgo R>adco Va H$m` hmoB©c? AWm©VM eoVH$è`m§Zm nwîiH$em AS>MUr oVrc.H$mhrZm 2-4 ‘{hÝ`m§da yH$‘marg Vm|S> XoÊ`mMr doi oB©c. H$mhrZm H$O©’o$S>rH$aVm oUma ZmhrV. KaMr c¾H$m ©o nwT>o T>H$cmdr cmJVrc. nU `m AS>MUrË`m ‘mZmZo ’$maem ‘moR>çm ZmhrV. eoVH$è`m§Zr g§K{Q>V hmoD$Z EH$‘oH$m§ggmhmæ` Ho$ë`mg Ago EImXo df© eoVH$ar ghO {Z^mdyZ ZoD$ eH$Vrc. eharì`dñWo‘Ü o ‘mÌ AJXr WmoS>çm H$mimV EH$M AZmdñWm ngaoc. ‘Wwaogma»`mehamV OmUmao XyY, Xhr, cmoUr AS>dUmao lrH¥$îU gJù`m maVm§V AmO V`maPmco Va H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVH$è`m§Mm àíZ Vm~S>Vmo~rZo gwQ>Uma Amho d hoM H$m‘eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zog à‘wIVoZo hmVr ¿`mdo cmJUma Amho.

H$mhr ehar {dÛmZ Agm w{º$dmX H$aVmV H$s eoVr‘mcmMo md dmT>ë`mgË`mMm ’$m`Xm ’$º$ ‘moR>çm eoVH$è`m§g hmoB©c d chmZ eoVH$è`m§Zm Á`m§Zm


àË`jmV H$moUË`mhr njmMm eoVH$ar {d^mJ hm A{V chmZ d AH$m`©j‘Agm AgVmo. ì`mnma, CÚmoJ B. {d^mJmH$Sy>Z njm§Mo {ZYr O‘m hmoVmV. wdm{ó`m {dÚmWu g§KQ>Zm§V H$m‘ H$aUo eham§Vrc hm¡er ór-nwéfmg ’$maerXJXJ Z hmoVm O‘Vo. H$m‘Jma g§KQ>Zm eham§Vrc ~m§Yrc ‘Vo JR²>R>çmZo{‘idÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo ’$ma ‘hÎdmÀ`m. Aem n[apñWVVrV njm§VJ©V eoVH$arg§KQ>Zm hr njloð>tÀ`m Ñï>rZo An[ahm`© Aer AS>Ji AgVo. eoVH$è`m§À`màíZm§H$So> Am‘Mm nj cj XoV Zmhr Agm Amamon òD$ Zò åhUyZ eoVH$ar{d^mJmMo ZmQ>H$ C^macoco AgVo. eoVH$è`m§Mr ~mOy H$moUr R>m‘nUo ‘m§S>crVa Ë`mÀ`mda cJoM EH$m§Jr {dMma Ho$ë`mMm JdJdm hmoVmo. XoemVrc gd©dJmªMm {dH$mg hmoB©c Agm gdm}X`r H$m`©H«$‘ Am§IÊ`mMm Amd AmUyZHo$di ‘yR>â cmoH$m§Mr aâmQ> hmoB©c. Aem VèhoZo moOZm AmIë`m OmVmVAm{U ~hþg§»` eoVH$ar dJm©À`m {hVmH$So> hoVwnwañga Xþc©j Ho$co OmVo.

amOH$s` njm§À`m eoVH$ar AmKmS>çm§Mr hr pñWVr Agmdr ho ghOg‘OÊ`mgmaIo Amho. m gd© amOH$s` njm§Mm EH$‘od hoVy amÁ`gÎmm H$m~rOH$aVm òUo hmM AgVmo. {ZdS>UwH$m cT>dÊ`mgmR>r àM§S> à‘mUmda n¡gmIMm©dm cmJVmo. hm n¡gm Á`m H$maImZXma, ì`mnmar ~mJm`VXmam§H$Sy>Z {‘iVmoË`m§Mo {hVg§~§Y gm§^miUo ho amOH$s` njm§Zm An[ahm`© Amho.

cmoH$emhrÀ`m ZmdmImcr {ZdS>UyH$emhr XoemV A§‘c H$arV Amho.Á`m§À`m hmVr n¡gm Ë`m§À`m hmVr àMmamMr gmYZo, Ë`m§À`m hmVr JmS>çm,dV©‘mZnÌo, B. gd© gmYZo. cmoH$gôÀ`m {ZdS>UwH$sgmR>r EH$m C‘oXdmamZoH$amd`mÀ`m IMm©Mr ‘`m©Xm ZwH$VrM EH$ cj én`m§n`ªV dmT>dÊ`mV AmcrAmho. àË`jmV C‘oXdma Am{U Ë`m§Mm nj {‘iyZ àËòH$ ‘VXmag§KmV H$‘rVH$‘r Xhm cj én o IM© H$aVmV. EdT>çm A’$mQ> IMm©Zo {ZdS>UwH$m qOH$ë`mdaÁ`m§Zr IMm©cm hmV^ma cmdcm Ë`m§Mr H$m‘o H$aUo {ZdSy>Z Amcoë`m C‘oXdmamg^mJM AgVo.

lr. MaUqgJ `m§Zr åhQ>co Amho, "{ZdS>UwH$s‘wio OZVocm H$moUVmM’$m`Xm {‘iV Zmhr. EH$Xm {ZdS>UwH$m g§në`m H$s ehar CÚmoJY§ÚmMo XcmcgJù`m amOH$maUmMm Vm~m KoVmV. dV©‘mZnÌo ZmoH$aemhr, ì`mnmar d XcmcamÁ`mMo cJm‘ hmVr KoVmV. amÁ` H$moUË`mhr njmMo Agmo H$m±J«og, OZVm,H$å`w{ZñQ> Iao amÁ` `m Xcmcm§MoM AgVo.'

Aem `m {ZdS>UyH$emhrV ^maVmVrc ~hþg§»` H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVH$è`m§Zm

Aer AmKmS>r V`ma Pmë`mIoarO ^maVmVrc eoVH$è`m§Mo dgmhVdmXr emofUWm§~Uma Zmhr Am{U eoVr ì`dgm` {H$’$m`Vera hmoD$ eH$Uma Zmhr. eoVH$è`m§MrdmT>Vr hcmIrMr pñWVr gwYmam`Mr Agoc Va Ë`mgmR>r g§KQ>ZoMm Cn`moJehar d J«m‘rU {d^mJm§Vrc ì`mnmar XodKodrÀ`m AQ>r eoVH$è`m§À`m Ñï>rZo’$m`ÚmÀ`m Pmë`m nm{hOoV. mgmR>r C^mam`À`m cT>çmV Am¡Úmo{JH$ H$m‘Jmad g¡{ZH$ ho eoVH$è`m§Mo {ZgJ©{gÕ gmWr AmhoV Va H$maImZXma, ì`mnmar d~mJm`VXma ho {damoYr eÌy AmhoV. Amnë`m VmH$XrÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo hm cT>meoVH$è`m§Zm à^mdr arVrZo cT>Vm òB©c. AmVm àíZ am{hcm Aer eoVH$arg§KQ>Zm ~m§Ym`Mr H$er?

{dñH$irV d ’w$Q>ra eoVH$ar g‘mOmcm EH$Ì AmUVm òB©c H$m? H$m`‘mJm©Zr d H$em nÕVrZo eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm ~m§YVm òB©c. Jar~ eoVH$è`m§À`mhmVr gmYZo ’$ma VwQ>nw§Or. EdT>çm WmoS>çm gmYZm§V àM§S> Xoeì`mnr g§KQ>ZmH$er H$m` C^mamd`mMr?

ho gd© àíZ AË`§V Jw§VmJw§VrMo d {~H$Q> AmhoV. Ë`m gdmªMr g‘J« dg‘mYmZH$maH$ CÎmao XoUo `m KQ>Ho$g H$moUmghr eŠ` hmoUma Zmhr. g§KQ>ZmV`ma H$aVmZm AZoH$ AmS>mIo MwH$Vrc. Ë`m AZw^dmnmgyZ YS>m KoD$Z MwH$mgwYmê$Z ¿`mì`m cmJVrc. g§KQ>Zm ~m§YV AgVmZm AmO Ü`mZr‘Zr ZmhrVAer ZdrZ g§H$Q>o d AS>MUr Cä`m amhVrc Ë`m§Mmhr gm‘Zm H$amdm cmJoc.

AmOn ªVÀ`m AZw dmdê$Z H$mhr {dMma d H$ënZm ñnï> hmoVmV. VodT>çm§MmMnam‘e© òWo ¿`md`mMm Amho.

AJXr n{hcr ‘hÎdmMr Jmoï> åhUOo gÜ`m XoemV Oo ‘moR>o amOH$s` njAmhoV Ë`mn¡H$s EH$mhr njmÀ`m P|S>çmImcr eoVH$è`m§Mr à^mdr g§KQ>ZmC^r amhUma Zmhr. `m gd© njm§À`m eoVH$ar AmKmS>çm d g§KQ>Zm AmhoV.njm§À`m àM§S> §ÌUoV eoVH$ar {d^mJ hm EH$ N>moQ>mgm A§e AgVmo. njmÀ`mH$m`©H«$‘m§V `m eoVH$ar {d^mJmcm ’$maM WmoSo> ‘hÎd {Xco OmVo. Xoem§VeoVH$è`m§Mr cmoH$g§»`m ’$ma ‘moR>r Amho. Xm[aÐçmMm àíZ hm ~hþVm§erH$moaS>dmhy eoVH$è`m§Mm àíZ Amho. Aem n[apñWVrV Á`m njmMr J[a~rMmàíZ gmoS>dÊ`mMr IarIwar BÀN>m Agoc Ë`m njmMm ‘Ü`dVu d gdm©V‘hÎdmMm {d^mJ eoVH$ar {d^mJ hmM Agcm nm{hOo. ì`mnmar, H$maImZXma,H$m‘Jma, `wdm, {dÚmWu {ó`m BË`mXr KQ>H$m§À`m g§KQ>Zm§Zm Xþæ`‘ ‘hÎd{Xco Joco nm{hOo.


H$moUË`mhr njmMm Amgam Z KoVm g§KQ>Zm C^r H$aÊ`mV EH$ ’$ma ‘moR>rAS>MU oVo. AmOÀ`m amOH$maUmMo ñdê$n ZrQ> Z g‘Oë`m‘wio JmdmoJmdMrAZoH$ Mm§Jcr eoVH$ar ‘§S>ir ^«‘mZo `m Zm Ë`m njmÀ`m ‘mJo Jocr AmhoV.H$mhr {Zð>md§V ‘§S>itZr dfm©Zwdf} njmMr H$m‘o Ho$cr AmhoV. `m gd©‘§S>itZm eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m ~mhoa R>odm`Mo åhQ>co Va g§KQ>Zm Xþ~ir amhrc.Omoa YaUma Zmhr. g§KQ>Zm ‘O~yV ~Z{dÊ`mgmR>r m dmQ> MwH$coë`m H$m ©H$Ë`mªZmeoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoH$So> AmoTy>Z AmUco nm{hOo.

lr {edN>ÌnVtÀ`m ñdamÁ` g§ñWmnZoÀ`m H$mimV `mM àH$maMm àíZhmoVm. AZoH$ eya dra ‘amR>o Am{XcemhrÀ`m godoV ‘mZ ‘amV~ {‘idyZ hmoVo.MwH$sÀ`m ñdm‘r{Zð>oÀ`m H$ënZm§Zr ñdamÁ`m§À`m à`ËZm§MmM {damoY H$aVhmoVo. `mVrc EHo$H$m {H$„oXmamg g^mgXmg ôQy>Z Ë`m§Zm Ë`m§À`m Iè`mH$V©ì`mMr OmUrd H$ê$Z {Xcr. VoìhmM ñdamÁ`mMr ‘whÿV©‘oT> amodcr Jocr.Á`m§Zr ZmR>minUo Am{XcemhrMr godm MmcdyZ ñdamÁ`mer Ðmoh Ho$cm Ë`m§MoH$R>moanUo nm[anË`hr H$amdo cmJco.

eoVH$è`m§À`m Iè`m H$iH$irnmoQ>r Oo H$m`©H$V} JmdmoJmdr njm§Mr ^m§S>U§PwOdrV ~gco AmhoV. Ë`m§Zm Vo eÌyMrM H$m‘{Jar H$er ~OmdrV AmhoV`mMr OmUrd H$ê$Z Úm`cm nm{hOo. Ho$di gan§MnXmgmR>r qH$dm Xþgè`mEImÚm ‘mZmgmR>r eoVH$è`m§er Ðmoh H$aUmè`m ñdmWmªY nwT>mè`m§Zm eoVH$arg§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m‘mV g‘ag hmoUo eŠ` hmoUma Zmhr. `m nwT>rc H$mimVhr‘§S>ir AmnmoAmnM ~mOycm nS>V OmVrc. AmO njr` H$m‘ H$aUmè`m§‘ÜòÁ`m§Zm eoVH$è`m§À`m n[apñWVr~Ôc IarIwar H$iH$i Agoc Vo AmnmoAmnMg§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m‘mV gm‘rc hmoD$Z OmVrc.

g§KQ>ZoÀ`m gmYZmÀ`m {dMmamV, n{hcr ñnï> Jmoï> åhUOo IarIwar eoVH$arg§KQ>Zm hr AmOÀ`m amOH$s` njm§nmgyZ g§nyU©nUo A{cá AgUo Amdí`H$Amho.

ZD$njm§nmgyZ Xÿa am{hë`m‘wio eoVH$è`m§Mo A§{V‘ Üò` gmÜ` hmoB©c ho Iao;

na§Vw Ë`m‘wio g§KQ>H$m§Zm AZoH$ AS>MUtZm Vm|S> Úmdo cmJoc hohr {VVHo$MIao.

gd© amOH$s` njm§Odi A’$mQ> gmYZ g§nÎmr AgVo. {ZdS>UwH$m§À`m doirgd© nj H$moQ>çdYr énò O‘m H$aVmV. `mVrc ~hþVoH$ n¡gm hm Xoem§Vrc

amÁ`H$ma^mamV IamIwam ^mJ KoUo AeŠ` hmoVo. Á`mcm nmoQ>â Im`cm{‘im`Mr dmZdm Vmo {ZdS>UwH$sgmR>r cjmdYr énò H$moRy>Z AmUoc? `mMmMAW© Agm H$s, àË`jmV amÁ` ho ehar CÚmoJY§Úm§Mo AgVo. m CÚmoJY§Úm§MrââmQ> hr eoVr‘mcmcm dmOdrnojm H$‘r ^md XoÊ`mda Adc§~yZ Amho.Ë`m‘wio {ZdS>UyH$emhrVrc amÁ`gÎmm hr eoVH$è`mMo emofU H$aUmè`m ‘yR>âcmoH$m§À`mM hmVr amhVo. eoVH$è`m§À`m ‘mcmcm `mo½` ^md XoÊ`mMo hoamÁ`H$V} H$Yrhr gwImgwIr H$~yc H$aUma ZmhrV. eoVr‘mcmMo ^md dmT>coVa H$maImZXmarcm cmJUmè`m H$ÀÀ`m ‘mcmMo ^md dmT>Uma ZmhrV H$m`?eoVr {H$’$m`Vera Pmcr Va nmoQ>mWu eoVH$è`m§Mo eham§H$So> dmhUmao cm|T>oWm§~yZ amoOJma emoYUmè`m ~oH$mam§Mr g§»`m H$‘r hmoUma Zmhr H$m`? Am{UË`m‘wio ‘OwarMo Xa AmUIr dmT>Uma ZmhrV H$m`? AÞYmÝò d ^mOrnmcmBË`mXrMo ^md dmT>ë`mg H$m‘Jmam§V Ag§Vmof dmTy>Z Vo ‘OwarMo Xa dmT>dyZ{‘iÊ`mgmR>r PJS>m XoUma ZmhrV H$m`? ‘J H$m` åhUyZ ehar CÚmoJY§XodmcoeoVr‘mcmcm `mo½` ^md XoÊ`mMm ‘yI©nUm H$aVrc ? eoVH$è`m§Zm {H$‘mZ^md XoD$Z Ë`m§Mo emofU H$aÊ`mdaM Ë`m§Mr ââmQ> Adc§~yZ Amho. VoìhmË`m§Mr gd© gmYZgm‘J«r nUmcm cmdyZ Vo AemM ‘§S>itZm {ZdSy>Z AmUVrcH$s Or eoVH$è`m§Zm H$Yrhr amñV ^md XoUma ZmhrV. eoVH$è`m§Mo Xm[aÐç XÿaH$aÊ`mÀ`m {H$Vrhr KmofUm hmodmoV. Ë`mgmR>r {H$Vrhr ZmQ>H$s H$m`©H«$‘AmIco OmdmoV. amÁ`H$Ë`mªMm hoVy eoVr ~wS>rV Y§Xm R>odUo hmM AgUma.

emo{fV eoVH$è`m§À`m Xþ:ImMm d g§VmnmMm CÐoH$ hmoD$Z amOgÎmm S>i‘iyZò åhUyZ Ë`m§À`m Vm|S>mda ‘YyZ ‘YyZ {dH$mg `moOZm§Mo VwH$So> ’o$H$Ê`mMoH$m‘ amÁ`H$V} H$aVmV Am{U m VwH$S>çm§À`m cmcMrZo eoVH$ar dJ© AmOn`ªV`m emofUm{déÕ X§S> R>moHy$Z C^m am{hcocm Zmhr. ^maVmda ehar B§{S>`mMoamÁ` AI§S> Mmcy am{hco Amho.

gÜ`mMo gd© amOH$s` nj ho `m AWm©Zo B§{S>`mVrc nj AmhoV. ^maVmMmAgm amOH$s` njM Zmhr. H$maU Mmcy {ZdS>UyH$emhrV ^maVmcm ñWmZZmhr. `mMm AW© CKS> Amho H$s, B§{S>`mVrc H$moUVmhr amOH$s` nj ^maVrèoVH$è`mMo ZoV¥Ëd H$ê$ eH$Uma Zmhr.

IarIwar eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm hr `m‘wioM gd© amOH$s` njm§nmgyZ AcJam{hcr nm{hOo. H$moUË`mhr njmMm AmYma KoD$Z eoVH$ar C^m am{hcm Va Vmonj gÎmoda òVmM Ë`mMm {dœmgKmV Pmë`m{edm` amhUma Zmhr.


Omon`ªV AmnU gd© eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZogmR>r H$ï> H$aVmo, àg§Jr pIemcmPrO gmogyZhr YS>nS> H$aVmo Vmon`ªV Amnë`m g§KQ>Zocm hr ñdmWu nwT>mè`m§MrH$sS> cmJUma Zmhr.

eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoZo {ZYr O‘dco H$s hr H$sS> g§KQ>Zocmhr cmJë`mIoarOamhUma Zmhr.

eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoH$So> n¡go Zgco Varhr A’$mQ> gmYZ g§nÎmr Amho. hr gmYZg§nÎmr BVH$s àM§S> Amho H$s {VÀ`mer VwcZm H$aUo Hw$UmcmM eŠ` hmoUmaZmhr.

hr gmYZ g§nÎmr åhUOo Odi Odi 50 H$moQ>r H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVH$ar g‘mO.50 H$moQ>r ‘mUgm§Zr EH$Ì oD$Z H$m‘ H$amd`mMo R>aco Va Ë`m§Zm AeŠ` H$mÀmho?

à^y am‘M§Ðm§Zr c§Ho$da MmcyZ OmÊ`mgmR>r goVy ~m§Ym`cm H$mT>cm. Ë`m~m§YH$m‘mgmR>r Ë`m§À`mH$So> dZdmgmV Hw$R>cm Amcm n¡gm? Ë`m§Zr ZH$meoHo$co ZmhrV, A§XmOnÌHo$ Ho$cr ZmhrV, ‘§Owè`m KoVë`m ZmhrV. Ë`m§À`màM§S> dmZagoZoVrc àË oH$mZo amâ S>moŠ`mda XJS> CMcyZ g‘wÐmV Q>mH$md`mggwédmV Ho$cr Am{U hm§ hm§ åhUVm g‘wÐmdaMm nyc V`ma Pmcm. c§H$m gaPmcr.

eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMm Omo {dMma Amho Oo VÎdkmZ Amho Vo Oa IamoIaeoVH$è`m§À`m {hVmMo Agoc, ^maVmVrc H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVH$è`m§Mr n[apñWVrOa IamoIa hcmIrMr Agoc, g§KQ>Zm hm Ë`mdaMm Oa am‘~mU Cnm` AgocVa AmO Zm CÚm gd© H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVH$ar g‘mO eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m P|S>çmImcrg§K{Q>V hmoD$Z cT>m H$aÊ`mg C^m amhrc.

cjmdYr eoVH$ar Cnmg‘mar‘wio {Zdm©{gV hmoD$Z ehamVrc PmonS>nQ²>Q>çm§VOJV AmhoV ho Iao Zmhr H$m`?

ehamVrc PmonS>nQ²>Q>çmVrc J{cÀN>nUm, KmU, XþJªYr, ~H$mcnUm,AR>amnJS> OmVr-Y‘m©Mm ~wO~wOmQ> Am{U XméÀ`m JwÎ`m§Mm Jm|oJmQ> ho gd©nadS>co; nU eoVmdarc Cnmg‘ma ZH$mo mM H$ënZoZo Vo VoWo Am`wî` H$mT>rVZmhrV H$m`?

eoVrMm Y§Xm H$gm~gm MmcdyZ IoS>çmVrc Ag§»` eoVH$è`m§Zm PmS>nmcmImD$Z amhmdo cmJVo, ‘wcm-‘mUgm§Zm A§Jâ H$nS>m XoVm òV Zmhr Am{UnS>Š`m JiŠ`m KamVrc Am`wî` H§$R>mdo cmJVo ho Iao Zmhr H$m`? {Xdgâ

^m§S>dcXmam§H$Sy>Z O‘m Ho$cocm AgVmo. OdiOdi gJù`mM njm§ZmnaXoemVyZhr ’$ma ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda ‘XV {‘iVo.

{ZdS>UwH$sIoarO BVa doirgwÕm àËòH$ njmH$So> Iyn ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda{ZYr Jmoim hmoV AgVmo.

hm {ZYr åhUOo ^m§S>dcXmam§Zr amOH$s` njm§Zm {Xcocr cmMM AgVo.`m {ZYrÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo amOH$s` nj OmJmoOmJ H$Moè`m ñWmnZ H$aVmV.

dV©‘mZnÌo Mmcy H$aVmV qH$dm Mmcy dV©‘mZnÌo Amnë`m Vmã`mV AmUVmV.H$mhr dOZXma ì`º$s¨Zm ‘mZmMr nXo dm BVa ’$m`Xo XoD$Z Ë`m§Zm de H$ê$ZKoVm òVo.

WmoS>Š`mV åhUOo àMmamÀ`m Ñï>rZo amOH$s` njm§Mr pñWVr AJXr hodmH$aÊ`mgmaIr AgVo.

EImÚm Am‘XmamZo, ImgXmamZo dm njmÀ`m nXm{YH$mè`mZo Hw$R>o EImÚmg‘ma§^mÀ`m {Z{‘ÎmmZo Oo H$mhr mfU Ho$co Var Ë`mcm IynM à{gÕr {‘iVo.Ë`m§À`m ^mfUm§Zm, KmofUm§Zm H$mhrhr AW© Zgcm Var dV©‘mZnÌo Ë`mcmdrV- XrS> drV OmJm XoVmV.

amÁ`mMo ‘w»`‘§Ìr, XoemMo n§VàYmZ XaamoO AZoH$ nm`mâUr dm CX²KmQ>Zg‘ma§^mg hOa amhVmV. doi ‘mê$Z ZoÊ`mgmR>r H$mhrVar ~mocVmV. Vo VarH$m` H$aVrc {~Mmao, {XdgmVyZ Xhm doim Ë`m§Zr Var ZdrZ ZdrZ {dMmaH$moRy>Z AmUmdoV?

`m Ë`m§À`m ^mfUm§ZmgwÕm dV©‘mZnÌmVM Zìho Va AmH$medmUr,XÿaXe©ZdagwÕm ^S>H$ à{gÕr {‘iVo.

njm§nmgyZ Xÿa am{hë`m‘wio eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zocm `m gd© gmYZm§Mm ’$m`XmgmoS>mdm cmJoc ho Iao; nU `m AS>MUtVyZ ‘mJ© H$mT>Ê`mVM Ë`m§Mo IaoIwao{hV Amho.

‘hmË‘m Jm§YtZr åhQ>co hmoVo H$s, ""Mm§Jë`m H$m‘mcm n¡em§Mm VwQ>dS>mH$Yrhr nS>V Zmhr.'' eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m‘mcm gmYZm§Mm VwQ>dS>m hrH$Yrhr Iar AS>MU AgUma Zmhr.

`m CcQ> eoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm§H$So> ‘wc~c {ZYr O‘m Pmco Va amOH$s`njm§à‘mUo Amnë`m g§KQ>ZoVhr ñdmW©gmYy, Zr{V^«ï>, hm¡eo, Zdeo d JdeoO‘m hmoVrc d EImÚm g‘¥Õ ghH$mar g§ñWoà‘mUo ho cmoH$ eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoMrdmVmhV cmdVrc.


gmam~§XrÀ`m Midircm ‘hmamï´>â A‘mn à{gÕr {‘imcr. EH$ n¡gmhr ZIM©Vm. gaH$maZo eoVH$ar MidirÀ`m ~mVå`mda ~§Xr KmVcr VargwÕm `m~mVå`m cnyZ amhmd`mÀ`m ZmhrV. EH$mÀ`m ‘wImVyZ Xþgè`m§À`m H$mZmVAem `m ~mVå`m ngaV amhVrc.

gmam§e åhUOo gmYZm§Mr H$‘VaVm hr eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m ’$m`ÚmMm ‘wÔmAmho. amOH$s` OrdZmVrc H$sS> Amnë`mH$So> Ë`m‘wio CSy>Z òUma Zmhr. hoAmnco ‘moR>o ^m½` Amho. Amncr Iar gmYZ g§nÎmr Amho X{cV nr{S>V Agm50 H$moQ>r H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVH$ar Am{U g§K{Q>VnUo cT>m C^m H$aÊ`mMr Ë`mMrEo{Vhm{gH$ JaO.

(gmám{hH$ dmaH$ar {X. 10 Zmoìh|~a 1979 Vo {X. 16 ’o$~«wdmar 1980 ‘YyZ gm^ma)

am~ am~ am~yZ Am{U Km‘ JmiyZhr Am`wî`mV gwImMm EH$ {Xdg Zmhr AerË`m§Mr pñWVr Zmhr H$m`? Mm§Jcr {nHo$ KoD$Z YZYmÝ`m§Mr ‘w~cH$Vm PmcrVa hoM gaH$ma eoVH$è`m§Zm Ë`m§Mr ndm© Z H$aVm Ë`m§Zm dmè`mda gmoSy>Z XoVZmhr H$m`?

h§Jm‘r nmD$g Am{U Ë`mMr A{ZpíMVVm hm H$mhr eoVH$è`m§Mm XmofZmhr. Ë`mMr qH$‘V amï´>mVë`m gd©OUm§Zr gmogmd`mg ZH$mo H$m`? Aem gd©~mOy§Zr Koacoë`m, {nS>coë`m eoVH$è`m§Zm EH$OyQ> H$ê$Z g§K{Q>V hmoÊ`mIoarOH$mhr ‘mJ© Zmhr H$m`? Va ‘J hr gË` n[apñWVr ehar ñdmW©gmYy§ZrMmcdcoë`m àMmamMm ôX H$ê$Z EH$ {Xdg 50 H$moQ>r eoVH$è`m§n`ªVnmohmoMë`mIoarO amhUma Zmhr.

AmO ‘mdim noQ>cm, CÚm KmQ>mdaMm eoVH$ar CR>oc, nadm H$moH$Ur,{dXû, ‘amR>dmS>çmVrc {H$gmZ CR>oc. cdH$aM eoVH$è`m§Mr nhmQ> òVAmho. eoVH$ar OmJm hmoUma Amho. eoVH$ar g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªÀ`m H$ï>m‘wioàMmam‘wio eoVH$ar OmJm hmoUma Zmhr. Ë`mMr OmJm hmoÊ`mMr doi AmcrAmho åhUyZ Vmo CR>Uma Amho. Amåhr H$m|~S>çmà‘mUo AmadyZ Zì`m nhmQ>oMrccH$mar XoV AmhmoV.

dg§V F$Vy Amcm H$s H$moH$si òVmoM Vmo H$mhr dg§V F$Vy AmUV Zmhr,H$m V`ma H$aV Zmhr. dg§V F$Vy òÊ`mMr doi Pmcr H$s, {ZgJm©V Oo H$mhr~Xc KSy> cmJVmV Ë`mVcm EH$ H$moH$si njmMo AmJ‘Z Amho.

Xoeâ ñd`§ñ’y$V©nUo chmZ ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV MwH$V ‘mH$V H$m hmoB©ZmeoVH$ar g§KQ>Zm ñWmnZ hmoV AmhoV. `m‘mJo H$mhrhr ‘Ü`dVu `moOZm Zmhr.hr EH$ Eo{Vhm{gH$ JaO Amho. eoVH$è`m§Mr nhmQ> hr AQ>i Jmoï> Amho.

Va ZdrZ Om{UdoZo ^macoë`m 50 H$moQ>r eoVH$è`m§Mr VmH$X hr AmncrgmYZ g§nÎmr Amho. ho Hw$~oa ^m§S>ma Amnë`mg‘moa CKS>co nS>co Amho. hmVKmcyZ dmQ>oc {VVHo$ Ý`mdo, CMcmdo. gmYZm§Mr H$mhrM H$‘VaVm Zmhr.

g§KQ>ZoMr {R>UJr nmS>Ê`mgmR>r H$mhr {H$aH$moi Am{W©H$ JaO nS>Vo VodT>rH$erhr {Z^mdyZ ZoVm òVo. àËòH$ eoVH$è`mZo g§KQ>ZoMm g^mgX åhUyZ EH$XmoZ énò {Xco Var VodT>r JaO ^mJyZ OmVo.

àMmamMr gmYZogwÕm AJXr WmoS>çm IMm©V C^r H$aVm òVmV. ~mV‘ròÊ`mgmaIo H$mhrVar KS>dyZ AmUm H$s, dV©‘mZnÌdmco YmdV oVrc Vw‘À`m~mVå`m ¿`m`cm. ^m‘ZhaÀ`m eoVH$è`m§Zr Mmcy Ho$coë`m ‘moMm©cm d

~{imo amÁ¶ ¶ouma amho - मुखपृष्ठ · Øekeâemekeâ pevemekeäleer jeeÛekeâ...

Documents