pragyan november 10

8/8/2019 PRAGYAN November 10

1/104


2/104


3/104

Patron : Dr. Bhuban Gogoi

Adviser : Anjan Borthakur, President, ACTA, Tinsukia College Unit

Editor in Chief : Rana K. Changmai

Executive Editor : Sushanta Kar

Editors : Monika Devi, Roshmi Dutta, Mayuri Sharma Baruah, Monika Das,Manashi Rajkhowa, Santanu Borah, Nilimjyoti Senapati, Surjya Chutia, Satyajyoti

Gogoi, Dr. Kamalesh Kalita

Students Representatives : Pranjal Gogoi, (Magazine Secretaty, TCSU)

Editorial Board

00 Editorial

01 Editors Mail Box

02 Campus Update ........................................................../ Surjya Chut

09 Academic World Around

11 Panorama

Personality

15 Goal Setting .............................................................../ Nandita G. Sarm17 An Interview with Dr. Palash J. Mazumdar

Exam & Education

19 "> A A-5../ : W S rW\; ">:[z 24 Types of Exceptional Learners ........................../ Ghanashyam Dek

Career

27 Shift of Paradigm ..................................................../ Prashant Barooa

30 Notes for Freshers ................................................../ Prasanta Bora

31 Career and Career Counselling ......................................../ Rajiv De

34 List of Unapproved and Unrecognized Universities/...... 2

37 Career Tabloid

Science & Tech.

40 \[A [t t}K [>|o ......................../ >o AA[43 Critique to the Theory of Global Warming and ... (2)/ Dr. Bhuban Gog

46 Effect of GA3

and Alar and their .............../ Dr. Sushmita Chakrabor

Social Science

51 A yt > [>t> " ................................/ [z 56 Underneath that .../ Ogn. Indira Mukherjee; Trans. Mayuri Sarma Barua

58 Gender Budgeting : A Road to ........................./ Dr. Tanusree Sarke62 Abuse : Some Truths and Notions ............................../ Anita Baruw

64 Women Empowerment : An Analysis ......................./ Sangita Barua

66 Musings in Ideology - III .................................................... / Arup Baisy

70 The Ahoms Effort to Urbanize.../ Dr. Diganta Kr. Phukan & Utpal Dut

73 > " WA \>[t .............................../ Ak 75 March in Antiquarian Studies .............................../ Dr. Banikanta Sarm

Language & Literature

77 Mamoni Raisom Goswamis Autobiographical Forays ..../ Dr. Juri Dut

82\ > : &[i "W> ..............................

/"g 85 l A Kk> ....................................../ K

87 A[t : l0 A A[t, iW >, ,t> z, AjW

The Editorial Board of

Pragyan expresses gratitude to

Nandita G. Sarma, Dr. Palash

J. Mazumdar, Joseph Frank

Landsberger, Ghanashyam Deka, Prashant Barooah,

Prasanta Borah, Rajiv Deka,

Rudra Narayan Borkakoty, Dr.

Tanusree Sarker, Arup Baisya,

Dr. Diganta Phukan, Utpal

Dutta, Dr. Banikanta Sarma,

Dr. Juri Dutta, Anjal Borah,

Bhabesh Basu, Tapan Mahanta

& Kamal Bhattacharjee for

their invaluable contribution to

this Issue. We are looking forward for more contributions

in future.


4/104

Thank you for the trouble you have taken. It isindeed a labour of love. The effort must havebeen stupendous.

You may think of doing a feature on AkhilGogoi. I think he is the stereotype of leaders whoare now going to emerge all over India.

Make feature on Akhil Gogoi

Shantikam HazarikDirector

Assam Institute of ManagemenPO Box 30, Guwahati 781001, Indi

www.aimguwahati.edu.in/ [email protected]

The recent edition of PRAGYAN ( V-viii, I-i) seems great sir..all the topics were fresh & interesting..great job sir..

Regards and May God give you everythingrequired to keep up your mission.

Great Job ....

89 S K ................................................................../ " Students Column

91 "A, "[* [`> Kt t................................../> K92 o \t [ : &[i W"At ....................../>g> o (P}94 >[A t : > K[t | ................................./W QW95 A[t : "\; , [Ao [[R, K[tA, ; l, o kA

z o,XoCZmW qg, amOoe gmX Jwm,Lohit Dutta


5/104

Surjya Chutia

The department of Chemistry, Tinsukia Collegeorganised a one day seminar programme on Industrial Chemistry and Ancillary Industriesrelated to Assam Petrochemicals Ltd, Namrupon4th September 2010 in the College complex. Theprogramme was sponsored by the Internal Quality

Assurance Cell (1QAC) of the College.Dr. S.J. Khound, the Deputy Manager of the

Quality Control Unit, APL, Namrup attended theseminar as resource person. In his keynote speechon the topic Dr Khound elaborated on theimportance of Chemistry in the development ofhuman society and civilization. He also referredto the scope of Industrial Chemistry for the AssamPetrochemicals Ltd. as well as the BrahmaputraPolymer and Cracker Ltd. coming up in Dibrugarhdistrict, Assam. The seminar was attended by theprincipal of the College Dr. Bhuban Gogoi, formerprincipal Dr. Sukhen Chakraborty and manyteachers besides students. The lecture session wasfollowed by ani n t e r e s t i n gi n t e r a c t i o n

session betweenthe resourceperson and

A One Day Seminar on Industrial Chemistry held Successfully1

a promising step towards the efforts of industriadevelopment in this eastern part of the CountryThe government of Assam too organized a seminaon the same topic just after one month on 5thOctober, 2010 at Makum, Tinsukia. Mrs. MonikDevi, head of the Chemistry department delivere

the welcome address at the beginning of thprogramme. As a part of the days programme, new issue of the departmental wall magazinChroma prepared by the students of thChemistry department was also inaugurated by thresource person.

Moreover, the Chemistry Olympiad waorganized on 10th October 2010 in the Colleg

premises successfully. A large number ostudents from different local Schools andColleges besides Tinsukia College participatein it. Last year too students from TinsukiCollege came out with flying colours in thChemistry Olympiad.


6/104

Marvellous Performance of Tinsukia College Students in ASTITVA-'12

The NIS Academy (An Anil DhirubhaiAmbani group initiative), Dibrugarh, organiseda two days programme of literary and culturalcompetitions among the College Students at

DHSK College (Dibrugarh) on 28th August and18th September 2010 successfully. A large numberof students from different Colleges of Dibrugarhand Tinsukia districts took part in it. A group ofstudents from Tinsukia College under theguidance of Mr Abhishek Rana Borah, lecturer,Commerce department of the College participatedactively in various competitions held in the twodays and put up a tremendous performance. Thegroup bagged maximum prizes in the whole event.

The following is the list of students of theTinsukia College group and respective positionswhich they bagged in different competitions ofthe programme.1) Essay Competition :

1st prize :Anupam Neog2) Debate Competition

2nd prize : Papu Kakoti

3) Mimicry Competition :1st prize : Arup Mahanta

2nd prize : Papu Kakoti4) Extempore Speech :

3rd prize : Anupam Neog5) Collage Competition3rd prize : Anupam Neog and DiponjyotBokolial

6) Business Quiz Competition :3rd prize :Anupam Neog and PrachurjaPran Borah

7) Mono Acting :1st prize :Papu Kakoti

8) Ad Mad Show (Staging of an advertisement)1st prize : Group of Sashikanta BorahDeep Chetia, Bastav Moran, Papu Kakotiand Jayanta Dutta.

9) Group Dance Competition : 1st prize :Group of Lalit Gogoi, Prafulla

Moran, & Ananta Gogoi 2nd prize : Group of Arup Mahanta

Shravan Lohar and Akshayjit Poddar.

Students Elected New Union for the Session 2010-113

To constitute a new Students body for thesession 2010-11, the Tinsukia CollegeStudents Union election was organized on 25thSeptember 2010 as per the academic schedule of

the College. The election committee appointed forthe purpose, headed by Sri. Mriganka Choudhury,lecturer, English dept, conducted the wholeprocess of the election very sincerely andsmoothly. The result was also declared on the sameday evening. The office bearers got elected for the

new students body are :President ( ex officio) : Dr Bhuban Gogoi

(Principal)Vice President : Ashirwad Gogoi

General Secy. : Deepjyoti ParasharAssistant General Secy. : Biswajit DuttaSecy. Outdoor Games : Nayan Nilim ChetiaSecy. Indoor Games : Pranjal Protim BaruahSecy. Cultural : Pranjal GogoiSecy. Magazine : Pranjal Gogoi


7/104

Secy. Social Service : Dikshit GogoiSecy. Boys Com Room: Nabajyoti GogoiSecy. Girls Com Room: Priyanka SaikiaSecy. Literary & : Raman Ranjan MoranDebating

Secy. Gymnasium : Homan KonwarThe new students body took over charge on

30th September 2010 in a general meeting whichwas held under the presidentship of Dr. BhubanGogoi, principal of the College.

principal. At the beginning of the session SrUmakanta Gohain, the general secretary, TCSUaddressed the invited guests and new comestudents and extended a warm welcome into thfunction and as well as to the College.

Dr. Sukhen Chakraborty, Rtd. principal othe College was the chief guest of the open

meeting and in his address, he said that disciplinesense of obligation & responsibility play a vitarole in building the future life of students whichcould be acquired mostly during the college life

The meeting was also graced by Sri DigantBora (IPS), the S.P, Tinsukia district. Sri Bora wishethe new comer students a beautiful future and urgedthem to be sincere and devoted to their study. Halso urged the teaching community to upgrade thstandard of degree level by taking help of latesinformation technology so that our students cancompete in national and global level successfully.

The open meeting was followed by colourful cultural programme performed by thnew comers and old students of the College whicwas very attractive and colourful.

Freshers Social Function 2010 heldon 20th August, 104

Dr. Mallika Kandali Delivered Lecture on the5

Under the aegis of the Tinsukia CollegeStudents Union (TCSU), the much awaitedFreshers Social Function 2010 was organized on20th August with a day long programme. Thefunction is organized every year to formallywelcome the new students of HS 1st year and TDC1st year into the College hailing from various

corners of Tinsukia district and outside too.The programme started with hoisting of the

College Flag by Dr. Bhuban Gogoi, Principal,Tinsukia College, the president TCSU, followedby hoisting of the Students Union Flag by Smt.K. Goswami, Vice Principal of the College. SriSomeswar Hazarika, the HoD, Botany Dept. thenformally initiated the programme of floral tribute

at the Martyrs Column. A new issue of the Collegewall magazine the Bhaskar edited by Sri NagenDeka, the Magazine Secretary, TCSU, was alsoinaugurated by Smt. Bontimala Devi, the HoD,Assamese dept. of the College.

Then the open session of the Freshers Socialfunction was held at the College auditorium underthe presidentship of Dr. Bhuban Gogoi, the


8/104

The College Bade Farewell to H.S Tomar6

September 1956, only with the Arts stream. Nowthe college has three streams (Arts, Science &Commerce) with seventeen full fledgeddepartments along with several professional andvocational courses.

The 55th Foundation Day of the college wasobserved with great enthusiasm on 1st September

2010, with a day long programme. Theprogramme of the day started with hoisting of theCollege Flag in morning by Dr. Bhuban Gogoi,the principal of the College.

Then an open session was held on theoccasion of the 3rd Mayuri Bora Memorial lecturewhere Dr. Mallika Kandoli, Associate Prof. R.G.Baruah College, one of the specialists ofSatriya

Dance in Assam delivered a lecture withdemonstrations on the topic Satriyar Rup

Vornona. The lecture session was followed byan interaction session on the topic. The sessionwas presided over by Dr. Bhuban Gogoi, theprincipal of the College.

The Mayuri Bora Memorial Award was alsogiven in the meeting to the best graduate of theCollege for the year 2010. Sri Atanu Paul, Commerce

graduate was awarded the honour this year. Theannual merit awards were also given to the total o40 students by IQAC, of the College who secured60% and above marks in BA, B.Sc, and B.Comfinal examination from the College this year.

Earlier, Sri R.K Changmai, HoD, Englishdept. delivered the welcome address where heexplained the details of the foundation of the

College and the Mayuri Bora Memorial Trust. TheMayuri Bora Memorial Trust was founded in theyear 2008, by her family inmemory of late MayurBora who was a formestudent of TinsukiaCollege, who died at anearly age. The Trusdecided to offer the

Mayuri Bora MemoriaAward to the best graduateof the College every year

The day longprogramme ended up withlighting of earthen lampin the College campus thein evening.

Assam College Teachers Association (ACTA),the Tinsukia College Unit in collaborationwith the College authority organized a farewellfunction on 24th September, 2010 to bid a heartyadieu to one of the outstanding colleagues Sri HariSingh Tomar, HoD Hindi Dept. of the college, whohas superannuated from his colourful career asteacher of the college. The farewell meeting waspresided over by Dr. Bhuban Gogoi, the principal

honoured with traditional Assamese GamuchaSarai and other gifts along with Man Patra by thetwo organisations separately as a sign of gratitudefor his unforgettable sincere services to differenaspects of the college, he had rendered for a veryl o n g period. Most of


9/104

members of the teaching and non-teaching staffsof the college were present in the farewell meeting.

Sri Tomar delivered a speech and recalled hisglorious experiences in the college during his

NCC Unit Adjudged the Best in Independence Day Parade7

The Tinsukia college NCC ( D Coy) unit isone of the best NCC units under 10th AssamBn. NCC, Dibrugarh, which has both the Boysand Girls wings. Apart from the participation invarious social work and NCC training Camps, theCadets of the unit take part regularly in the

Independence Day and Republic Day paradeorganized centrally by the district authority oTinsukia. The Cadets of the unit performed well ithe last Independence Day parade on 15th Augus2010, where the unit was adjudged the best unit ithe district and awarded the first prize in its category.

Inter College Debate Competition held at Tinsukia College8

On the occasion of the Independence Day2010, the department of Information &Public Relation, Govt. of Assam, in collaborationwith Tinsukia district administration organized anInter College Debate competition at TinsukiaCollege on 10th August 2010. The topic of thedebate competition was Multi Party System is a

must for a Vibrant Democracy The participantstudents were from Tinsukia College, Tinsukia,Womens College, Tinsukia, G.S. Lohia College,Tinsukia, Doomdooma College, Doomdooma,Margherita College, Margherita, Digboi MahilaMahabidyalaya, Digboi etc.

Dr. Sukhen Chakraborty, Rtd. principalTinsukia College was the chairperson and Dr. A.KBorthakur, HoD, History dept. Tinsukia CollegeSri Uttam Dowarah, HoD, English dept, WomenCollege, Tinsukia, Sri R.K. Changmai, HoDEnglish dept, Tinsukia College were the judgein the competition. The results were :

1st prize : Mridusmita Phukan, WomenCollege, Tinsukia

2nd prize : Feruj Rohman, DoomdoomCollege

3rd prize : Trishna Deb ChoudhuryWomens College, Tinsukia.

In order to enable the students to choose rightcareers in future, academic institutions arrangecareer counselling programmes. Specially for thestudents of Colleges and Universities, it is theneed of the hour. Keeping the view in mind thePragyan Editorial Board in collaboration with theIQAC, Tinsukia College, organized a Career

Awareness Workshop at the College on 27thSeptember 2010 successfully. The main topic ofthe workshop programme was Education forTomorrow Career Vision 2010 and Beyond

series of career counselling programmes in

different educational institutions of North Eas

region since its inception, in association with FAS

an international Think Tank NGO for th

Welfare of NE Indian States) were the resourcpersons of the programme.

The workshop was presided over by Dr

Bhuban Gogoi, the principal of the College wherstudents from different educational institutions likTinsukia Commerce College, Womens CollegeTinsukia Senairam HS School Sarvajanin H S

A Career Awareness Workshop Conducted by NE Career Guidance9

service period. He also gave some valuablsuggestions for the future betterment of the collegeThe farewell function ended with vote of thankoffered by Leela Sen Tamuli, the secy. of the unit.


10/104

Information Technology has now emerged as adominant industry and is expected to continueto be so in the years to come. Technology itself isever changing. It has both good and evil effectson the society and civilization. Resistance to oracceptability of change is also of prime importanceas this reflects the characteristics of close or openmindsets of a society. One of the measuringfactors of open mindsets may be determined by

the multi-linguistic ability of a community or asociety. Since IT sector requires interacting withpeople from various background and culture, aclose look at the culture of the NE region withspecial emphasis on local areas remain one of the

most critical factors. It is the right time to preparea suitable plan for a better future on the strengthof unity.

Keeping all these things in mind, a smalgroup of individuals having three membersnamely-Bikram Mazumder Boruah, Pallav Saikiaand Priyanku Sarma initiated to introduce an Online Dictionary the XOBDO containing all thenative languages of North East India in the year

2004. Since its perception, the volume of wordsbelonging to the different local languages of thiarea have been increasing day by day. Now itcontains about 30053 Assamese words, 14637English, 2881 Dimasa, 2038 Karbi, 1320

Bikram Baruah Delivered a Talk on XOBDO Online Dictionary10

In his deliberation Sri Barooah highlightedthe employment scenario of the country in generaland North East in particular. He also talked abouthe available scopes of employment, which theyouths of this region have failed to clutch on. SrDas advised the students of the area to study hardand to develop the habit of reading news papers

and journals regularly and prepare themselves tocompete with the students of other States of IndiaHe further informed the students about supportservices being offered by the NE Career Guidancein this regard and called upon the studentscommunity to take full advantages of suchservices. The deliberations were followed by aninteraction session where most of the students

present were interacted with both the resourcepersons. NE Career Guidance can be reachedthrough their site : www.necareerguidance.comPragyan also provides regular updates on thegroup through its Blog.


11/104

Meeteillon, 1039 Tei, 838 Bodo, 655 Mising, 633Hmar, 410 Khasi, 306 Kok-Borok, 234 Bengali,233 Bishnupriya, 160 Garo, 141 Nagamese, 134Deori, 120 Mizo (Lushai), 87 Chakma, 75Apatani, 73 Ao, 30 Rabha, 20 Tiwa, 19 Hindi, 18Monpa and 8 Reang words. Sri Bikram Boruah,an Abu Dhabi, UAE based Reservoir Engineer

and the founder of the dictionary, visited thecollege on 9th September, 2010 and delivered atalk on using Unicode and writing NE Indianlanguages including Assameses on Internet ingeneral and Xobdo Online dictionary in particular.

The Pragyan Editorial Board incollaboration with the IQAC, Tinsukia Collegeorganized fruitful talk. Dr Bhuban Gogoi, the

principal of the College, presided over the talk.Apart from the students and teachers of the

As per UGC guidelines, the Cell for WomenStudies and Development (CWSD) ofTinsukia College was set up in the year 2005.Since its inception, the Cell has been organizing

various programmes and workshops for bringingawareness in different aspects among thewomenfolk in different times.

As a part of its social responsibility whichstrongly espouses the cause of education, the Cell

distributed books and other teaching materialamongst the female prisoners of the Tinsukia Jaon 15th August 2010.Besides, the members assurethe jail authorities of further help if necessary.

The Cell is going to organize a 5 days UGCsponsored workshop on Capacity Building oWomen Managers in Higher Education, referred tas sensitivity, awareness and motivation, in TinsukiCollege from 8th to 12th November 2010.

CWSD Gifts Books and Materials to the Prisoners at Tinsukia Jail11

Mathematics Olympiad held Successfully at the College12

The Mathematics Olympiad 2010 wassuccessfully organized by the AssamA d f h i i ki C ll

V to XII participated in the competition. Prizewinners are eligible for Regional Mathematics

College, a group of students from WomenCollege, Tinsukia too participated thprogramme. Sri Boruah explained in details thhistory of the dictionary and its present positionHe also explained the procedures and techniqueto contribute words and prove its authenticitof different languages into the On-lin

dictionary. Sri Sushanta Kar, the executiveditor, Pragyan helped him to demonstrate thtechniques lively with LCD projector aninternet. Both Sri Boruah and Kar urged thstudents and teachers to come forward andcontribute words to the infant dictionary as faas possible. One can reach the dictionary awww.xobdo.org. The talk ended with vote o

thanks offered by Sri Surjya Chutia, one of theditors of Pragyan.


12/104


13/104


14/104

Sainas Grandmother Wanted a Grandson1

She is one of the most sought after femalesporting stars in India. She won Gold inWomens Badminnton final match in CWG 20101

and thus secured 2nd Place for Indian in the MedalsTally. But when Saina Nehwal was born inpatriarchal Haryana, her own grandmother refusedto look at her because of the inherent discriminationagainst the girl child in the state. Haryana is one ofthose infamous states in India where sex ratio hasdeclined to about 900 girls per 1000 boys in the 0-6 age group. Haryana, with a skewed sex ratio of847 women to every 1000 men, is notorious for

female infanticide and honour killings.I was really surprised when I was told that

my grandmother did not come to see me till amonth after my birth. I was born seven years aftermy only sister Chandranshu and my birth was abig disappointment for her. She wrote in acolumn for India Today magazine.

But in it there is a message that I understand

very well now about the discrimination againstthe girl child, she wrote.Saina still counts her blessings for having

parents who were liberal enough to allow her to

if the gamble would pay off. But her father HarviSingh, a Scientist with the Directorate of OilseedResearch Hyderabad, opted to go by the advicof PSS Nani Prasad Rao, the then badminton coacof the Sports Authority of Andhra Prades(SAAP), who saw immense potential in the girlThe rest is history.

My mother Usha Rani had representeHaryana in badminton and she was consistent iher encouragement. That helped me build mcareer successfully and at just 14, I had a sponsoin Bharat Petroleum andDeccan Chronicle. Now

we live in an apartment bought with my prizmoney and my parents have takencare that it is in my name, sherevealed.

The 20-year-old revealedthat her ties with her relativeshave strained on theissue of how the

women in thefamily should betreated.

My


15/104

The Catholic Scholars Started to Deconstruct Hawkings

Declaration on Absence of the Creator God2

release of his new book The Grand Design inSeptember last. Prior to that, an extract of thabook appeared in the Times, where the most famouphysicist of this century sets out to contest Sir IsaaNewtons belief that the universe must have beendesigned by God as it could not have sprung out ochaos. The very name of the book was taken fromNewtons those words. After that Hawkinpersonally appeared in front of many electroni

media, where he has reiterated his words again andagain. But still, those paid Scientists of Church arready with juggling tools to deconstruct his words

Hawking concludes in his book by sayinthe Big Bang was an inevitable consequence othe laws of physics. There is no need to invokGod to set the Universe going. In his own wordsSpontaneous creation is the reason there i

something, He also wrote,Because there is law such as gravity, the universe can and wilcreate itself from nothing. In his 1988 bestsellerA Brief History of Time, Prof Hawking wrote,Iwe discover a complete theory, it would be thultimate triumph of human reason - for then wshould know the mind of God. The whole worlhas been debating his coined phrase the minof God. since then. To some it appeared tha

he had accepted the role of God in the creationof the Universe. For opponents of that view thiphrase was just a metaphor, nothing beyond thatHawking remains silent for all these years. Anhe made him clear in this new book.

Now, Brother Guy Consolmagno, SJ, anastronomer at the Vatican Observatory, explainehow the preconditions for the universes unfoldin

and operations were not a form of nothing, aHawking considers them to be. Rather, he said, theyare the conditions created by God for the ordering othe world God is the reason why space and tim

are against encouraging girls in every aspect andthat includes sports. I hardly interact with them.

My parents are more open. They back me all thway, she said.[PEB]

The Catholic scholars started to deconstructHawkings declaration on absence of Creator

God, while the globally acclaimed ScientistStephen Hawking is still alive to explain his ownwords. One can just imagine what theyll do to confusetheir takers while he will not be here to counter.

A Jesuit priest and scholar, former presidentof Gongaza University Fr. Robert Spitzer, says thatHawkings dismissal of God in favour of physics

reflects fundamental confusions about theChristian concept of God, as the creator of all thatexists both the physical universe, and the lawsof physics which apply to it. When this isunderstood, Fr. Spitzer said, Hawkings basicconfusion becomes clear. Although Hawking talksabout the universe creating itself from nothing,he is presupposing that this nothing somehow

involved gravity and other fundamental laws ofphysics, Fr. Spitzer explained. Lets take the lawmentioned by Dr. Hawking above the law ofgravity, Spitzer wrote. It has a specific constantassociated with it and specific characteristics, andit has specific effects on mass-energy and evenon space-time itself. This is a very curiousdefinition of nothing. Now, he continued, ifwe rephrase Dr. Hawkings statement in the above

fashion, then he has clearly not explained whythere is something rather than nothing. He has onlyexplained that something comes from something,by describing the development of a functioning

universe on the basis of lawssuch as gravity.

Almost all the Globalmedia covered the news on


16/104

Linguists reporting from a National Geographicexpedition to Indias remote northeast cornerhave identified a language completely new toscience. The language, known as Koro, belongsto the Tibeto-Burman language family, a groupof some 400 languages that includes Tibetan andBurmese, the linguists said. Although some 150Tibeto-Burman languages are spoken in Indiaalone, the expedition team has been unable toidentify any language closely related to Koro, sodistinct is it from the others in the family.

The expedition was part of NationalGeographics Enduring Voices project (http://

on.natgeo.com/dDyLox), led by NationalGeographic Fellows Gregory Anderson and K.David Harrison. Before the expedition, the teamhad targeted the remote Arunachal Pradesh statein North-Eastern India as one of its LanguageHotspots a place on the world map that hostsa rich diversity of languages, many unwritten thatare little studied or documented.

On a scientists tally sheet, Koro adds justone entry to the list of 6,909 languagesworldwide. But Koros contribution is muchgreater than that tiny fraction would suggest,Harrison writes in The Last Speakers, newlypublished by National Geographic Books. Korobrings an entirely different perspective, history,mythology, technology and grammar to what wasknown before. A scientific paper on the newly

identified language will be published in volume71 of the journal Indian Linguistics.

The revelation of the new language was

black hole on the linguistic map: Because special permit is required to enter the region, fewlinguists have worked there, and no one has drawup a reliable list of languages spoken there, theilocations or numbers of speakers.

The Enduring Voices team began its searcin Arunachal Pradesh in 2008 for two poorlyknown languages Aka and Miji known tbe spoken in one small district. The team, whichincluded Indian linguist Ganesh Murmu of RanchUniversity, climbed steep hillsides to reachspeakers villages, going door-to-door among thbamboo houses that sit on stilts. As they listene

to and recorded the vocabularies of these poorlyknown tongues, Harrison, Anderson and Murmbegan to detect a surprise third language, onlocally known as Koro. None of the scientifiliterature they had studied had reported thexistence of a third and completely distinclanguage in the region its not listed in standarinternational registries of languages or even iIndian language surveys or censuses.

To reach the tiniest Koro village, the teamcrossed a rushing mountain river by bamboo raftThey sat on shaded verandas of the stilt-supportehouses, making recordings as people shared theivocabularies and life stories in the hidden languagof Koro. Thousands of words were captured the first known time that Koro was recorded as itown distinct language, Harrison said.

Koro shaped up as distinct from the regionother languages on many levels, the linguists saidIts inventory of sounds was completely different

Koro : A New Language Identified in

Remote Corner of Arunachal Pradesh3

not spend a seconds to explore new horizon ofgalaxy, but, will say and write thousands of wordsto refashion the great scientists historicdeclaration. Br. Consolmagno has unique designto accomplish his job. He says The god thatStephen Hawking doesnt believe in, is one I dont

believe in either. God is not just another force inthe Universe, alongside gravity or electricity. Godis not a force to be invoked to .... start a scene otwo and fill the momentary gaps in ouknowledge...God is the reason why existenceitself exists.[PEB]


17/104

Kachim, a speaker of the hidden language Koro, talks to

National Geographic Fellow Gregory Anderson. Anderson and

a team made the first known recordings of Koro, an endangered

language that is new to science. The expedition is featured in

a new National Geographic book, The Last Speakers, by K.

David Harrison. (Credit: Photo by Chris Rainier)

[inputs taken from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/10/101005133339.htm]

Bridges arent Built Theyre Grown here, in NE India4

In the depths of North-Eastern India , in one ofthe wettest places on earth, bridges arent built theyre grown. Grown from the roots of a

rubber tree, the Khasis people of Cherapunjee usebetel-tree trunks sliced down the middle andhollowed out, to create root-guidance systems.When they reach the other side of the river, theyreallowed to take root in the soil. Given enoughtime a sturdy, living bridge is produced.

The root bridges, some of which are over ahundred feet long, take ten to fifteen years to

become fully functional, but theyreextraordinarily strong. Some can support theweight of 50 or more people at once.

One of the most unique root structures of

Because the bridges are alive and stilgrowing, they actually gain strength over timeand some of the ancient root bridges used dail

by the people of the villages around Cherrapunjemay be well over 500 years old. One can checthese Blogs for details:

1) http://rootbridges.blogspot.com/2)http://www.babakoto.eu/Articles/India

Cherrapunjee/Cherrapunjee-English.htm.[PEB

ngg. Aka speakers call a pig a vo while toKoro speakers, a pig is a lele. Koro couldhardly sound more different from Aka,Harrison writes in The Last Speakers. Theysound as different as, say, English andJapanese. Strangely, the Aka and Korospeakers didnt seem to see or hear it that

way. Aka speakers considered their Koro-speaking neighbors and cousins as speaking adialect of the same language as they did.Anderson and Harrison said that Aka is thetraditional language of the regions historicslave traders; they hypothesize that Koro mayhave sprung from the slaves, though they saymore study is needed to determine precise

origins.Languages are dying around the world; oneblinks out about every two weeks. Linguists considerabout half of the worlds nearly 7,000 tongues areendangered, the victims of cultural changes, ethnicshame, government repression and other factors.

National Geographics Enduring Voicesproject works to identify language hotspots,document vanishing languages and cultures, and

assist with language revitalization. Harrison, an

associate professor of linguistics at SwarthmorCollege, and Anderson, director of the LivingTongues Institute for Endangered Languageswork with National Geographic Fellow andphotographer Chris Rainier on the effort.

The National Geographic Enduring Voicescientific team will return to India in Novembe

to continue studying this enigmatic, newlyclassified language.[PEB]


18/104

Thomas Carlyle once said A man without aGoal is like a ship without a Rudder. Goalsetting is something most of us recognize asnecessary for our success. So, dear students inthis topic we have chosen to talk something onGoal setting. Let us first see what is meant byGoal ? Simply said , a Goal means the desiredend-point. It is a specific and measurableoccurrence, object, or state of affairs that one plansor intends to achieve or obtain in the future.

Next comes Goal setting. Goal setting is apowerful process which helps us to choose wherewe want to go in life. The main importance ofgoal setting is that it provides us direction andpurpose. When we set goals, we will knowprecisely what we want to achieve, so that we can

focus our minds on a single worthwhile target andalways channelize our efforts to achieve that goaland not get distracted easily. It can also be highlymotivating once we get into the habit of settingrealistic goals and achieving them.

You cannot hit a target without knowingwhat the target is. So, the initial step in Goalsetting is to identify your goal. You must first find

out what you really want to achieve in your life.Think forward 5 to 10 years and ask yourself whatyou want to achieve in your life. You can try withsmaller goals to start with. As you reach one goal,

yourself always keep in mind the followingimportant tips : Set goals that really motivate you

When you set goals for yourself, makesure it is something thats important to youand there is value in achieving it. To makesure your goal is motivating , write downwhy its valuable and important to you

Motivation is key to achieving goals. Set goals that relate to the high priorities

in your life : Without this type of focus youcan end up with far too many goals, leavingyou too little time to devote to each one.

Always set realistic goals : It importanto set goals that you can achieve. Otherpeople can set unrealistic goals for you

without knowing your own desires andambitions. Alternatively you may also segoals that are too high, because you maynot appreciate either the obstacles in theway or understand how much skill youmay need to develop to achieve that leveof performance.

Set time bound goals : Your goals mushave a deadline. When you are workingon a deadline, your sense of urgencyincreases and achievement will come thatmuch quicker.

Nandita G Sarma


19/104

missions to accomplish in your life andhence it will lead you to destination.

Make an Action Plan and take action :Plan and write down all of the steps thatare needed along the way to arrive at thegoal. Then take consistent action as per planeveryday to move closer towards your goal.

Many people fail to achieve the goalsbecause of lack of action. Success is aboutgetting things done. If you want to besuccessful you must be a doer.

Review and update : Once you havedecided your first set of plans, keep theprocess going by reviewing and updatingyour todo list on a daily basis. Your end

destination may remain quite similar overthe long term but the action plan you setfor yourself along the way can changesignificantly. Make sure the relevance,value and necessity remain high.

So, in short, Goal setting techniques give uslong-term vision and short-term motivation. Theyfocus our knowledge acquisition and help us toorganize our time and resources, so that we can

make the most of our life. By setting realistic,clearly defined goals we can raise our self-confidence, as we would be able to recognize ourability and competence in achieving those goals.

Students, a few key points for you as a partof goal setting. Clarity Use clear and specific

goals. Challenge Goals should have enougchallenge to sustain the interest.

Commitment : Goal achievement requirecommitment, so to maximize the possibility osuccess, you need to feel a sense of urgency anhave an I must do this attitude.

Feedback : Feedback on goal performanc

provides opportunities to clarify expectationconsider complexity of the task and adjust godifficulty. If you follow these simple rules, yougoal setting process will be much more successfand your overall performance will improve.

Yes, you should also know how to celebrayour success ! Whenever you have achieved a goatake the time to enjoy the satisfaction of havin

done so. Realize the implications of goachievement and watch the progress you havmade towards other goals. All of this would helyou build the self-confidence you deserve.

At the same time be prepared for failures awell. Failure to meet goals does not matter mucas long as you learn from it. Add your learninback into the goal setting program foimprovement.

Finally, remember too that your goals wichange as time goes on. Adjust them regularly treflect growth in your knowledge and experience an if any particular goal does not hold any attractioany longer, then let it go. Because, the whole poin

of goal setting is to facilitate success.

Dr. P.J.M: Yes, I have discussed all the 6schools of Vedic philosophy, plus other non-vedicIndian philosophical schools like Carvaka,Buddhism and Jainism. I have compared and

contrasted them with Advaita.Pragyan:What is your opinion on famous

modern Indian philosopher Debi Prashad

Ch tt dh d hi b ti S i d

mainly with the non-Vedic schools of Indiaphilosophy, specially the atheist schools which htermed Lokayata. These schools are based on a verstrong rationalism and are very interestin

However, I feel that the Advaita philosophy offea more logical ground to explain the phenomenof the world than these schools.

P Th k Y i W i h k

(Contd. from Page 18)

An Interview with Dr. Palash J. Mazumdar

(The author is a resident of Digboi and professionally a psychological counsellor)


20/104

Mazumdar on publication of the book. The Circle

of Fire in America by North Atlantic Books, which

is receiving high acclaim from readers. Weve

published here in Pragyan (Vol.Viii, I. I; June

10, page 65) a write up about your book by Rajen

Barua, a Houston, Texas; US based freelance

writer and CMD of Friends of Assam and Seven

Sisters, who has also written a good review of your book in Amazon.com. Do you have any

comments?

Dr. P J Mazumdar: Thank you very muchI am very happy and honored that you have chosento give space for my book and interview in yourPragyan. The book is the culmination of severalyears of effort. I had always been interested inthe philosophy of Advaita with which I becameacquainted through reading the works of SwamiVivekananda and Ramakrishna Paramahamsa. Iam happy to think that my thoughts are nowavailable for others to read.

Pragyan:We shall be much obliged if youkindly answer a few questions were asking

which we had a plan to publish along with Sr

Baruas write up in the last issue. But we could

not make it then. Now we want to have thisinterview for the next one, which will be published

in November, 2010. At the very outset what we

k i b i M di l D h

....Ihave been exploring on my ownlimited way to find a happy synthesis between

science and religion. In view of above, it was a pleasant surprise when the American publisher

sent me for reviewing a courtesy copy of the book,

The Circle of Fire, (The Metaphysics of Yoga)

written on similar subject. I was doubly pleased

and surprised because the book was written by

an Assamese. Frankly speaking, I was starting to

read the book with certain skepticism in my mind.

However, once I started the book, I could not stop

before finishing the 400 page long book. After

reading it, I realized that The Circle of Fire is

indeed another outstanding book where science

and metaphysics meet. This was how RajenBarua, described the book The Circle of Fire,written by Dr Palash J Mazumdar and publishedin America by North Atlantic Books, in his review(The Circle of Fire The Metaphysics of Yoga)

published in the June, 10 issue ofPragyan. Thebook is not yet available in Indian Market, butone can try it from www.Amazon.com. We had aplan to publish an interview of Dr Mazumdaralong with that review itself. Due to time constrain,Dr Mazumder couldnt made it then but he waskind enough to respond our request latter on andhere it is. Dr. P.J.Mazumdar holds an MBBS and

MS from GMC, Assam. He works as an ENTsurgeon and has published his poetry in India andabroad. The questionnaire for his interview wasprepared by Sushanta Kar executive editor of


21/104

Swami Vivekananda and RamakrishnaParamahamsa. I had begun going to theVivekananda Kendra in Guwahati and also theRamakrishna Mission from my teenage years. Ifound the Advaita philosophy on which my bookis based to be the most logical and rational, and itstruck me as the one philosophy which was most

in harmony with science and reason.Pragyan:How long it took to write the book?Dr. P.J.M: It took me nearly 3 years to write

the book, because I had very limited time for it inthe middle of my medical career.

Pragyan:Did you write any other articleson similar topic before?

Dr. P.J.M: Yes, I have written short articles

on various topics. I have now collected them andput them on my website,www.thecircleoffire.comPragyan: How did you get the American

publisher?

Dr. P.J.M:The process began way back in2002, when I wrote a brief synopsis of a proposedbook and sent it to several publishers through theinternet. One publisher then offered to publish mybook when completed. I began writing the book

earnestly despite my lack of time due to my medicalcareer and completed it in 2005. By that time, myproposed publisher had been taken over by anothercompany, so I had to find a new publisher, whichtook a lot of effort till I finally found my presentpublisher. I sent my synopsis to a wide range ofpublishers including several from India, but Ireceived a firm offer only from North Atlantic

Books, Berkeley. From there, it was another longwait as the manuscript went through the publishingprocess for 2 years till it was finally published inDecember, 2009.

Pragyan:Are you planning to write more onthe subject ?

Dr. P.J.M: Perhaps yes, if I can get sufficientsuccess through this book.

Pragyan:When do you think, your book willbe published in India?

Dr. P.J.M: The distributors of my book areRandom House, the largest book publishers in the

enough.Pragyan:Are you planning to translate th

book into Assamese if publisher is available?

Dr. P.J.M: Yes, certainly. I have sold onthe English rights and still retain the rights in othlanguages. But I would like to have a collaboratosince I am not familiar with the technical words o

philosophy in Assamese. I hope to find someonwho is interested and comes forward for a joieffort in translation. Perhaps even through thinterview.

Pragyan: You mentioned Buddhism an Advaitya are the two branches of India

Philosophy which are not in contradiction t

Science. Can you explain this?

Dr. P.J.M: Yes, this is the main argument omy book. Both Buddhism and Advaita arcompletely rational philosophies which can breached through logical arguments. Buddhisbelieves in no-absolute while Advaita believes ian Absolute. Either one or the other must be truthere must be either an Absolute beyond this woror there may be no-absolute. So either one or thother must be the truth.

Pragyan:Do you believe in a personal GodCan God be justified through science?

Dr. P.J.M:No, I do not believe in a personGod. I believe only in the Absolute of AdvaitWhen we see the Absolute through our mind, wsee it as a personal God.

Pragyan:The Circle of Fire is a term coineby Buddhist scholar Nagarjuna. Are Buddhism an

Advaitya similar?Dr. P.J.M: I have used the term, the Circ

of Fire, because it is an evocative term, and becauGaudapada, the teacher of Sankaracharya, used thterm to define Advaita as different from BuddhismHence this sutra is very important both foBuddhism and Advaita. Buddhism and Advaita acomplete opposites in their metaphysical roots, anthis sutra is an important way to understand thdifference.

Pragyan:As we know that most of the Indiaschool of philosophy was silent on existence of Go


22/104

"u>> @ (Self-discipline) "u>>A &Ao >>t [o

[W [W> A[ [, [ >t> >t> [Wz-l>t = z A

[>\ [W [A> [>[ A "

[JA A :"[A [>Wi Wi (City of St. Paul, Minnestota,USA) >K "[

W S rW\(Joseph Frank Landsberger) [Kt 7 , 1 }J &[A J[>" A[[ [t [Kt }J Ai ">[t "} \ rW\ [>\ i www.studygs.nett >t> " A " "> Kt zA A } "> tt A[t " " }i Kt > " [t[>WA [ i }v &At \ rW\A [KtA[ > A A zA &[t Study Guides & Strategies [A> A >" > Study Guides & Strategies " A[ [ " &A lR > " [[ i >K A[* > nA A= >t [J "[ = "> A[ t y-y l[ A[ A [A> A= A , Kt > lo lJ

\ rW\ [J t@ t* Wi [J " * [A[t t*[J[> t A (Interactive)"=; [JA " kA "}No "[> At "= i> A [A "[ t (*) [W> [W[t A[ "} t* Wt K t* >i y-yA [ lAt i Ji} & [J \ AA \ Wi W l;[tAi" --- A)

: W S rW\">: [z

iA lv Kn [, ">> \t [J, [>\A > [ [[A " t *t "* [J ---= N,"[A >t[, 1894-1991


23/104

"u>>A No A[ K "u+">>="u>> "u > [>\(Self);">>(discipline) > [A> [>[t [>T [> W t> "u>> >\ "=t [>\A [A> >[t-[>-T"> A "=; [>\A ">[t A

y : [>i &i [>[ [>o A[ *

&i A A A= A [>[ i >A Ai

"KtA A[ Z [t=AA

" K[ i t A[ &i &i

A [>[ A[ *A A =-[`> &Ai > }\ [ k">

Ai 15 [[>itA [ =t> > [ [ [tt >, t=[ Q >A[

[kA i " AA K

K Ai " AA "\[ " [Ait "KtA t [>[ "[t A* & AW ">o AA

"zt@ & t -K[ [>[ [J[> "[> [W =[ > A > A W "t JA }\ky k ">t >[> AA

lA : &> [>[t A-W ">A A [t "N [A [[vt >K At At A[ [A> A > [WztA " [> [t> At Ai A Ai " >At"[z A= [ "ut[ [t Ai[kA t [kA t " A[ "K[n t A[ [, & [tWA [WzA P [ [A>&i A t A[ [ &>A [

[ A " A [t =A [ [>z [i> : y-yA " "Kt

A lv t [[J [ & i \> Kn t*A "> t [ft [ A> o W t >A A

> [ A[ [>o AA "[t A> " [t [[-=[ [ A[ "

> A >t A[ A>W, lWt[> JA [J [A A A[ K A t\>A Ao, &>A At [> " "z[At ";[t[ t* >=A

"[> A A "NK[t A Wt>t [ JA [>[t

Ai A [tt "[[A> "K[n [ [A A =[A>[[HA [[ AA A, "> k [ &Ai " "> (n, \v [J, > "[) [A> [J[>A> o A[, t>A A[ "[>, A >[A " [A A[=[A K>[A -- & A[J[> t= A

"=W \ W A [[J JAlA :

A "NK[t A A= [[ A[ [J *t A " [t ">t-t [W A[ \ Kt "[> A Ai J [kA [ " t A

A > [ , > [ [At "Kt [

[ " [> [>[ A [ [tA[ [W A[J[> o t A =[A t[t A [ [J[> AA " [>\ [ [J[> [* [[J JA

lo [W = [`> k Kt U[=A "}A ">> A, [CA A A "Kn, [ Kt A

[ [


24/104

" K[n t[ l i>[A A, >>A ">>, A Kk[> > A[KA= \[> , JA [J " At[ >>> A A A[ K l[

>[> A-W o [>\ =

l[t A[ *A [>it A Qsi* &Ai At &Ai

[t [K =[A "> A "> [t [ > Ai " K [>* JW A[ K t> " tA K K A [>it K *A &>A it

[ti [> [[ A [ A[ t "KnA &> A[ [[v, K, &AQ > "t[, [Wy"[ [[ A o A l[t [n &Ai [ &\> [v >[> \>t Q- [ A[K t A =A, [>A[ "[ [ [*A \- A, [[ [ iA \[, Q [[ A Ao [Kt t"Kn, [\A A [A>t K A,*W-W A [-"t J-J, \>t A t[ [>\ n-[J A Kt &> o A =A \> Kn t \>t " [

"u>> \[t "v A[ [ >[> W [t nt >K [A

[t [ A A A=, t[t A AA A-[W A[ [[=tA [>[ y-yA [i [>t [ [ A " A[ [Wz A[ t>AA[ >i [ [K Ao "

> K " > [A> l t l>t

[>o Ai >A \ t>A

[J > " &i "[ t[t-[> [t A [> A[ >[>A l [Wt, , A[ --- &> >">i [tAA [t [ = A[ [ A, "> K A>\ [> [t, "> Qt [A

">> , "> [W>[A A ktQi> ! &> [[[tt "> l[[ \ [ t[t ">>[> A-Wt Qt Q[i & "[> "[\ [J[> "zt@ At [W [ tA >t>A [>[A A= [

& [t A A, A t[yt K A[ A t A[ t[t l[ , >[AW "> A " t [>\ [>A "> = t \J">A "P K

lA : "[> &AK A A A= >[&i &i Kt K A[ A [A> A[" &i K[n lki & " "> A ">-"[> > [ "K[n t[t " A-W o [Wz">A l[N A[ >[J, e A A[ t "u>> t P [\ lv

A[ [AA

A > " > "v Ai &" P`A A

"> [>\ *t [>|o =[A [>|o> A[ [

[>[ A > \[t "u>> ">> " AA " [J[> [>\A t K[n t [t yt "N

*AlA :A *t [>|o "[> [ "[ [>\A T[t A[ [, [>\A ">[t A[


25/104

A > A[ l;-l A[ " >t A> W >=[A, A[z *"[> >A[ [t t[ &i >\ [J [i ">A "P t o[ Kt t t A "u>> At [oA iA &J>

Kt JA t "[> A[ A " [o "

> Ao [[J JA "> "NK[t A J[t> [[ A[

K K >[oo * JA

lA : A >[> [o J & iA J>

"> A K[t-A[t [ &J> [R [ &A > \[ P ">A> A "Kt A[K " A> [tA[ [* o A[ [ t "N[A[[vt \> A [>o A[ \ "=; A "> lv A[ [i "tz A A= "> "> " ">> A t[Av

AA [ti A [> " A "Kt [>it

"> A[ K [ A[K A [kA[A> K K A[ t[AvAA t A [>i [tt [>[A A[

t[AJ> "N[A [[vt AA [t [i A K K " At n *A [i[ "> Ao [> \> [ [kA A[ *A

&A=[ A[>> & [> [> A AA " W*A &i " [W Kn>! > A[ t@o[t [ "[>[> \t [ " t A>

A "[ "> A > t[t "t [ot &[t "[> [W A[[ A "P [> yt "

A t A[ K " K n lk AA, &Ai " K n [ [A K & &i " "[> t t A &>A [W "[> "> [A A(t[Av >*) l[ [

A, "> >i \ " t\ AA= [, "> K A &i AA-- K> >A, [ "AA, -| \ W=[A tA AA, J AK\, > [["W> K-A[t nA, [>\* [JW AA [i.[. t [A W*A; >-[A J A A, [>\* J*A Q A

AA J *A [A> t>A K A l[ [ Q AA Kt ">-> A[ [ [-* A[ ; > [>\ K A=A tA [>\ Ao* "zU "Ao> A [ >i \ A[K `>i [ >[K &Ao " "> >[> A-Wt

&i [* lA @ [>i " A[ *t [>i A[ [W A[J[> &i o "[> [ o A[ >i">A l; A[ [J K[tA [>i AW [[ A[ [>i A>A A[t "W[> &J> Pt A[ = >

[ AW> [A &i A[ [[ =At [A> [> , &A >A[A> > A![i> @ y-yA \>i - t K t[, ">t >[> A >tA t[At "zv A[ \t>A [>\ [A [A, [v Kk> " [

t ">> \>t* " A">> A[ >[> A-Wt [>[ A[t[Av A[ " Kk> A[ [ t > [t [Kt A [=J>t Kt [>\


26/104

W [t l J [K t [>K[= >[> AW [[ t =A A'A[zA ">>tAAo :

A t A[ >[ [St >

t> J[J AA

[ [A , t[t* [W[zt> \ , [, \>t &[A Qi> [t [> " [ [Wz A[ "[tyA l l[

t>A " J> " [At [t [>\A [[[t A[ A[

\AA " >t> l At v *AAi> A @

[o " Kt >t> " }[\tAA [ "> [>i " [o &A W A[ A " " tz J *At [t [>[ A[ t A " AA

lA @ &>A [o " Kt >t> "

}\> ">A ">A W l A[ \A[ > >t> "A "v A[ *t"> ">z >iA [o [[Z A JA-W Kt ">A &Au t R [A[ t[A Ai A[ [K,[A[t A [>\ [kA A[ tA[ "N "ii [J &A Ao [

"> A[ [ &A >[ >t> At[A "NK[t [W[tAo @ "[> t A[ A-t[AJ> &A

A t [W> [ AA & Ai =*At A[ "> K Qt =A ArJ>t

J it A[liit [J

lA : &>A [J =AA A [W[tAo A"NK[t A ">A \> =[A >t "\ [ [ K > [ A Ao o

" [v : \>t "[> K "Ao

[Jt [vA > AA, [\ W AtJtA [v t [A tJtA[[t " }J \> Knt A[, \> ot "u>> " t K "[A[t A[ &[ \[> ; " "> [vA \> "> AAt K AA K AA, A= tA\[> W AA " * [WA t [>t [>\* t> " "K [t[t *A [>, tt, "u[ , [t, tK, t " "uW>-- & Ao AA kt [ A[ A" W[> Pt l A A[ *A [Jt A W[ "[ " &[> "[> [>\A [t[t A[ [

and research activities. Some of them are alsointerested in administrative job. The studentsconsidered the college as their platform for futuredevelopment and basic needs. According to them,if they get the proper guidance and skill from their

own institution they can perform an all-roundperformance. Therefore they sought for a careerguidance cell and a community information center

for them. As the college already cross the 50th yeamilestone, the students think that college will dsomething new innovation in favour of them. Moof them sought in favour of semester system oeducation. Thus, I would like to conclude tha

though the students are facing some problems, bstill they feel very proud as students of PUCthBest of the Best college of Mizoram.

REFERENCES

Types of Exceptional Learners....Contd. from Page : 26

(">[A " [K [[y)


27/104

All children exhibit differences from oneanother in terms of physical attributes andlearning abilities. The differences among mostchildren are relatively small, enabling them tobenefit from the general education programme.The physical attributes and/ or learning abilitiesof some children, howeverthose we call

exceptional learnersdiffer from the norm tosuch an extent that an individualized programme ofspecial education is required to meet their needs.The term exceptional learners both students whoexperience difficulties in learning and learners whoseperformance are so superior that special educationis necessary to help them fulfill their potential. Thus,exceptional learner is an inclusive term that refers

to children with learning and/ or behaviour problems,children with physical disabilities, and children whoare intellectually gifted.

Disability refers to reduced function or lossof a particular body part or organ; the termimpairment is often used synonymously. Adisability limits the ability to perform certain tasks(e.g. to see, hear, walk, etc) in the same way thatmost nondisabled persons do.

Handicap refers to the problems a personwith a disability or impairment encounters ininteracting with the environment. A disability may

handicap in classroom. The term handicappedstudentis more restrictive than exceptional learnersand does not include gifted and talented student.

At Risk refers to students who are nocurrently identified as handicapped or disabledbut are considered to have a greater-than-usuachance of developing a handicap. The term is mosoften applied to infant and preschoolers who

because of conditions surrounding their births ohome environments, may be expected toexperience developmental problems at a latetime. The term also refers to students who areexperiencing learning problems in the regulaclassroom and therefore at risk of beingidentified as handicapped. Besides, these, someother so-called defining characters of differen

categories of exceptional learners are:1. Mental Retardation, 2. Learning Disabilities3. Behaviour Disorder (emotional disturbance)4. Communication Disorder (speech or language)5. Hearing Impairments 6. Visual Impairments7. Physical and other Health Impairments8. Severe Handicap, 9. Gifted and Talented

Special education may be defined from manydifferent perspectives. One may, for example, view

special education as a legislatively governedenterprise. From this view point, one would beconcerned about the legal implications of informing

Ghanashyam Deka


28/104

education might be seen as that part of a schoolsystems operation that requires certain teacher-student ratios in the classroom and has specialformulas for determining levels of funding accordingto the category of exceptional children served. Or,from a sociological or political perspective, specialeducation can be seen as an outgrowth of the civil

rights movement, a demonstration of societyschanging attitudes about people with disabilities ingeneral. Each perspective has some validity, andeach continues to play a role in defining what specialeducation is and how it is practiced. None of thoseviews, however, would yield the essence of specialeducation.

Exceptional children, their teachers, and their

family may need a wide range of special educationand related services from time to time. Today, most

schools provide a continuum of servicesthat is, arange of different placement and service options to

meet students needs. The continuum is oftensymbolically depicted as a pyramid, with placementsranging from least restrictive (regular classroom

served in regular classrooms, and the number ochildren who require more restrictive, intensive, anspecialized placements gets smaller as we move uAs we have already noted, the majority of childrereceiving special education services have mild moderate disabilities. The number of children wimild mental retardation e.g. is far greater than tho

who experience severe retardation. It is worth notinthat, of the seven levels of service depicted in tabthe first five is available in regular public schobuildings. Children at levels 1 through 4 attenregular classes with non handicapped peersupportive help is given by special teachers whprovide consultation to the childrens regulteachers or in special resource rooms. A resourc

room usually has a specially trained teacher whprovides instruction to exceptional students for paof the school buildings are gaining acceptancas an appropriate placement for many childrewith severe and multiple disabilities.A CASE STUDY OF A FEWSELECTED STUDENTS:

Regarding the problems, facilitieand different aspects, I made a case stud

of some selected students froPachhunga University College. For thcase study I have conducted ainterview of 10 students selecterandomly from different streams. Ithe time of interview the followinquestions were considered for bettresults to fulfill the objectives. Th

questions are like:1. What are his or her aimambition?2.Are they satisfied witcurrent system of education

a) If yes, upto what level?b) If no, why ?

3. What are the problems they faced in thclassroom?

4. What are the facilities they are getting frothe authority?

5. Are they interested in semester system o


29/104

write is purely based on an imperial observation. Thestudents response and my personal judgment duringthe time of interview combined herewith the writeup. Generally all of them are not satisfied fully withthe current education system. Basically, the studentsare belonging to a state where the literacy rate issecond highest in the nation after Kerala. Therefore,

most of them are very conscious regarding their highereducation. But in the field of higher education thestates contribution is very limited. It is because oflack of proper motivation and innovation. Most ofthe students are belonging to a very fun lovingcommunity living with the nature. Their ignorancenature is the big factor that affecting the entire scenarioof higher education. The students believe that only

with the syllabus study of their course is not enoughfor good results. They need some extra care/help fromthe concerned teacher. As they responded that withinthe limited period of class time the thorough studyfor the teacher is not possible. Moreover the teachersusing lecture method inside the class is not satisfactoryto them.

Most of the students suppose to go outsideof the state for their higher education. But due to

the lack of proper guidance and motivation theyare not able to anything beyond the averageperformance. Again the library strength is verygood of the institution. But most of the books areoutdated for their syllabus. That is the big problemsfor the students. Most of them faced the problemsof ready reference. It is because of the changingnature of the syllabus. As mentioned, most of the

references are either very old edition or not suitablefor their present syllabus.In response of the course structure, all of them

responded in favour of semester system. Accordingto them the yearly system is not suitable for bettermarking and to gear up to a high percentage. Insemester system it is easy to score high percentageof marks within the limited time spun in comparethe old yearly syllabus. So far the teachers, thosefollowing the lecture method only in the class arenot effective to them. Most of them are notinterested in such method. According to them it is

regarding the problems of pronouncing differencspoken English problems, and extra load of seveclass test etc. with some teacher. Thus communication gap is there with some teachwhich is also demoralized the students. So fmaintenance discipline among the students aconcerned, they ignored the matter. Inefficienc

among the students is very common in the studarea. The lack of equipped classroom, well timinroutine, distance from the town etc are also somproblems faced by the students.

In the said institution, there is no careeguidance cell to serve the students. In the presenday world communication is most significant factoregarding the career development. To know the jo

vacancy, modern and updated information centeare also necessary for a good institution. Still thcollege not connected with the internet facilitThere is now a newly established IGNOU studcenter to serve the students with some nediscipline like tourism etc. But in the field ovocational and professional course college nshowing a serious interest. Such type of course mahelp the students in their career. Also som

professional course may help the students as aearning source. During the time of interviestudents shows a deep concern regarding thmatter. However, in the field of informatiotechnology the college is tacking some initiativebut it is yet to open for the students. Only feselected departments are availed the net facility.

So far the institution provides well infrastructu

for the students. In compare to other colleges of thstate the said college has advantages in thinfrastructure and accommodation facilities. Studencoming from far are getting hostel facilities iminimum cost. Regular bus services, well facilitieof laboratory, canteen services, playground etc. arprovided by the authority. For some selectedepartment the students are also getting financial hefor their field trip every year. From this view poistudents feel lucky to studying this college. Thcollege library is also one of the biggest in north-eas

Belonging to the second highest literate stat


30/104

Education has been seen as animportant instrument of socialascent and personal development.The objective of education systemtoday should be to guide people

through the change and prepare torespond to the needs of a changingsociety. The continuously improvinglevel of education will contribute tosocial progress and consequentlyrapid economic development.

Knowledge is the mostprecious resource in the 21st century& success of our future generationin the North East depends on itsability to innovate and adapt tochange. Our Education system playsthe most vital role for thedevelopment and further upliftmentof the Region. With the induction ofnew technologies, new courses &introducing new ways of learning is

the need of the hour. Professionaleducation and skill enhancementtrainings are the ones that studenth ld f d d l h

Prashant Barooah

North East Region need to focus on how, we become knowledge generating society, rather than only knowledgabsorbing society.

To uplift the entire Region to world standards, it canbe possible only through higher and professional educationresearch and development. We need to realize what the worlneeds from us and what our future needs from the worland engage ourselves for all needed development in holistic and co-operative manner. Education system has tobe distinctively contributing for further developments

Survey shows that college degrees no longer commandauthority in the job industry and are now needed to go furtheto professional, Masters and PhD levels. Another studyh f d f NE R i ki


31/104

courses one can gain skills and experience, whichis directly linked to a career in future and in turn,offers better employment opportunities. This wouldhelp our students in our rural areas in a big way.

In the absence of exact causes, hitherto noqualitative & quantitative evidence to prove it, asto why North East still lagging in development to

One of the major natural resources of North EastIndia is its forests. And forestry is an importantand interesting subject of study in todays world whenthere is big need for save our environment and toprotect, conserve our ecosystem. North East is hometo the most amazing herbs, medicinal compounds,natural cosmetics etc. Forestry and Wild Life gotogether since forests serve as home for wildlife.

Forest wealth contributes significantly to theeconomy of our Region. Specially trained personnelare therefore needed to maintain and regenerate theforest cover, forest wealth and resources. Thisinvolves the services of forestry specialists, forestrymanagement experts and forest officers. Forestryinvolves protection of forests and farming.

Eligibility: The minimum qualificationsrequired to pursue a 3-4 years, B.Sc (forestry) is to

have passed the 10+2 examination with physics,chemistry and biology or agriculture as subjects.

The major courses in forestry and wildlife inIndia are: B.S.C Forestry M.S.C Forestry M.S.C wood science and technologyInstitutions and colleges in India that providescourses on forestry and wildlife: Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke,

Ranchi - 6. Forestry Research Institute, Dehra Dun -

248 006. Indian Institute of Forest Management

Wildlife Institute of India, ChandrabanDehra Dun.

Agricultural College and ResearcInstitute, Coimbatore( Tamil NaduCoimbatore ( Coimbatore Dist. ) 65100

Chaudhary Charan Singh (C.C.S.) HaryanAgricultural University, Hisar( HaryanaHisar ( Hisar Dist. ) 125004

College of Agriculture, Mysore( KarnatakHebbal , Mysore(Mysore Dist.) 560024

College of Agriculture, Pantnaga(Uttarakhand ) Pantnagar ( UdhamsingNagar Dist. ) 263145

College of Agriculture and RegionResearch Station, Dharwad( KarnatakaDharwad ( Dharwad Dist. ) 580005

College of Forestry, Srinagar ( Jammu an

Kashmir ) Srinagar ( Srinagar Dist. ) College of Horticulture and Forestry, Sola

(Himachal Pradesh) Solan (Solan Dist.) 173230

College of Technology and AgriculturEngineering, Udaipur(Rajasthan) Udaipu(Udaipur Dist.) 313001

Dolphin (P.G.) Institute of Bio-Medical an

Natural Sciences, Dehradun(UttarakhandManduwala, Chakrata Road , Dehradu(Dehradun Dist.) 248007

D B l h b S t K k K i h

the level where it can be, but at the very first glancthere seems to be need of generating awarenesmotivate, inform and expose to world oinformation. As our students are the building blockof our society, they have to be provided access knowledge, enhance their skills and expose themto world of opportunities.


32/104

Vidyapeeth, Akola(Maharashtra) POKrishinagar , Akola (Akola Dist.) 444104

Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya :College of Agriculture, Jabalpur(MadhyaPradesh) Krishi Nagar, Jabalpur (JabalpurDist.) 482004

Kerala Agricultural University,

Vellanikkara(Kerala) Vellanikkara(Thrissur Dist.) 680654

Punjab Agricultural University,Ludhiana(Punjab) Ludhiana (LudhianaDist.) 141004

University of Agricultural Sciences,Bangalore(Karnataka) Gandhi KrishiVignan Kendra, Bellary Road , Bangalore

(Bengaluru) Dist.) 560065 College of Agriculture, Jorhat, Assam(Assam Agricultural University)

North Eastern Regional Institute of Scienceand Technology (NERIST), Nirjuli,Arunachal Pradesh - 791109

Job Prospects and Career Options: There are amplejob opportunities available in the government sector.The Indian Forest Services is another good option.

The Indian Council of Forestry Research andEducation (ICFRE) and its affiliated Forestry researchinstitutes employ trained personnel. NGOs whichhave taken up the job of preserving forests also appointsuch individuals. Timber or plywood manufacturersalso employ forestry specialists as consultants. Foodand Agricultural Organization also hire forestryspecialists for various functions in their organization.

The job prospects in the education sector are also verybright. One can also opt for research work in variousinstitutions. There are also jobs abroad as wildlifeconsultants for esteemed organizations.In forest and wildlife conservation people can beemployed as Foresters Dendrologists Entomologist Ethologist Silviculturist Forest range officers Zoo curators.

Having said as above look at one of the Survey

on North East

Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, MeghalayMizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura. occupies 7.7% of Indias total geographical aresupporting 50% of the flora (ca. 8000 species), owhich 31.58% (ca. 2526 species) is endemic. It a transitional zone between the Indian, IndoBurman-Malaysian and Indo-Chinese regions.

is also a part of the Vavilovian centre of biodiversitand origin of many important cultivated planspecies and some domesticated animals.

The region supports a rich biodiversitspanning from tropical rainforests to alpine scrubTakhtajan describes the region as the cradle oflowering plants because of its diversifieangiosperms. This rich biodiversity has

significant role in the maintenance of thecosystem. Besides, the biodiversity of the regiois used ethnologically by locals for various socioeconomic and developmental purposes.

The region is rich in orchids, ferns, oak(Quercus spp.), bamboos, rhododendron(Rhododendron spp.), magnolias (Magnolia spp.), et

With the shrinkage of green cover everywherthe region is also experiencing an impact on i

ecological system. The major threats to the ricbiodiversity of the region are expansion oagricultural activities, over-exploitation of foresfor firewood, shifting cultivation, extensivtimbering, grazing, urbanization, manmade forefires, introduction of exotic plants, ill-managed roaconstruction, mining, etc. which lead to habitat loand habitat fragmentation that ultimately results i

biodiversity loss. Natural calamities such alandslides, floods and forest fires also result biodiversity loss to some extent. The region is knowfor its age old institutional mechanisms on culturand social values for biodiversity conservationamely sacred groves or forests in MeghalayManipur and Nagaland; sacred landscapes in Sikkiand sacred hilltops in Arunachal Pradesh.

Conserved as the abode of local deities, thesecosystems represent remnants of ancient forests. Bthese practices are rapidly vanishing due to modereducation and conversion of religion, which have lea


33/104

A few words from the writer:The contents of this write up is actually have been reproduced forPragyan from my career blog: www. careerquips.blogspot.com. As the contents was actually made for the blog

to present it to the students as a published form we needed some minor edits.

Full potential of the knowledge imparted here can be found only online at the blog, since many content

can not be presented in hard published form say for example, the video on demo GD in section GroupDiscussion. Also we may not be in position to write in details about links of other sites those our blog have

Well try to mention the related web IDs here. Students are advised to visit those sites or our blog to search it

simply type Career Quips or careerquips or any combination of these two words. The first result shown is

Quest for the first job always bogs down astudent even before the student appears in his/her final examination. And most of the time, thatmost-in-demand first job is always elusive. Fearof becoming an unemployed haunts majority ofstudents.Are you one of them?

Than you are in the right place! Through thisblog, we are trying to take you through a guidedtour to tell you various ways of getting that firstjob.How would we go about it?

We are doing it through two sections of ourblog: www. careerquips.blogspot.com.For absolute beginners: Section-Freshers JobT l

[Editors Note : Prasanta Bora is an Engineer by profession. His blog Career Quips is worlds 5th bestcareer blog. Its Google page rank is 4th. With more than 3,500 blog subscriber Career Quips gets more than

3,50,000 visitors per month, but, very few of them are from NE India, for whom its created. To make such a

wonderful blog popular among NE Indian students and Pragyan readers we invited Prasanta to write for us.

We are grateful that he has started a new series.]

Prasanta Borah

test, how to appear in a Group Discussion and Interviewas well as the Post selection processes that a selectedstudent goes through.


34/104

you ready?) aboutthe variousresources that areavailable in Internetto hone their skillsto perfection.

In addition to

above two sections,we are publishinghere spotlights on

specific areas from time to time on our continued postsin the blog. Well write here in Pragyan serially.Would you be successful in getting the first job aftergoing through the contents of our blog/ writing ?

The answer lies in your hand. No amount of

teaching can get you the first job, until and unlessyou try for it yourselves.

For this you must:1.0 Try to attempt as many Written Tes

questions from the resources given in thblog as well as from other career relatebooks/web-sites.

2.0 Improve your communication-skills (threquired lingua-franca being Englis

always!) to shine in following two areas: Group Discussion ii) Interview.

You must conduct as many mock-GD mock-Interview sessions among your friends apossible so that you are confident of yourself welahead of the real time. Also you must be familiwith Psychometric Tests, Resume-making etc.

Be positive about yourself... Yes, you a

going to get that job! Best wishes for the job-haunt.(to be continued

Among the present days students, the veryfamiliar words are Career& Counsellingor Career Counselling. Counselling is a veryfield and over the years, it has acquired specializationin its areas of operation- parental, child, marriage,personality development psychological sex and

Let us first see what we mean by these twwords Career and counselling .According t

UNESCO, definitions of these words are afollowing :Career: The interaction of work roles an

other life roles over a persons lifespan includin

Rajiv Deka [Editors Note : The author Rajiv Deka is states well known career counselloand writes regular column on career in popular dailies of the state. He owns a

career counselling centre namedDecaz at Guwahati. Established in 2002 Decaz is the first Career Guidance and

Counselling Centre in Guwahati and the whole of NE India. We are grateful that he has started to write for Pragyan

and hope he will continue to do so. Visit his site on :www.decaz.org]


35/104

Counselling: Actively listening to anindividuals story and communicatingunderstanding, respect and empathy; clarifying goalsand assisting individuals with the decision aremaking process. Counselling is a mutual relationshipbetween a counselor (a professionally trained helper)and a client (a consumer of counselling services).

Career counselling: A largely verbal processin which a counsellor and counselee(s) are in adynamic and collaborative relationship, focused onidentifying and acting on the counsellees goals, inwhich the counselor employs a repertoire of diversetechniques and processes, to help bring about selfunderstanding, understanding of behavioral optionsavailable, and informed decision making in the

counselee, who has the responsibility for his or herown actions (Herr& Crammer96).There is no doubt about it that career

counselling is gaining more popularity amongstudents gradually. One of the major contributingfactor for the popularity of the field is the increasingnumber of student that are coming out of schools,looking for some help which the school may ornot provide. All that these students are looking for

is someone who knows the various careers availableas well as advice on which field wills suit theiracademic and psychological temperament. There aremillions of career options available and now, morethan ever, youngsters are open to considering moreoffbeat career options. But these students needguidance and assistance in making the right choice.And thats where career counselors play a crucial

role. Globalization and the technology drivenknowledge era have opened up a myriad careeropportunity. There are so many choices and optionsthat students arte getting confused. Moreover parentsalso feel the need to know the latest trends. Thusalong with counselling the students, parentalcounselling has become an urgent need. Thus thereis an increasing requirement for career counsellors.

So, what does the career counselors do? Anindividual is naturally presented with careerchoices through out his/her life and a careercounselor assist the individual to explore, pursue

abilities and personality style,b) Connecting students to resources so th

they can become more knowledgable abojobs and occupations,

c) Choose a career path that is well suited their own interests, values, abilities anpersonality style and

d) Associating individuals to be act ivmanagers of their career paths.

(including managing career transitions anbalancing various life roles) as well as becominlearners in the sense of professional developmenover the lifespan.

Becoming a career counselor is not as easy ait sounds. A career counselor apart from being ver

well informed and up to date on educational ancareer trends, must also posses all these qualitieperception, understanding, motivation, analytical ysensitive to the needs of the others and a grecommunicator. Most importantly, a careecounselors should be aware of the latest opening various areas and should maintain a databank of thtraditional, conventional and up-coming careoptions so as to offer a wide range of options to th

students. Besides this, a counsellor should also bin a position for further assistance to their clients related areas such as job search, resume writinarranging financial assistance and scholarships fhigher studies etc. A career counselor helps peopwith career indecision on a number of frontDevelopmental problems such as career immaturiare resolved by exploring the clients interest an

career alternatives and applying decision makinstrategies. Situational problems such as job streare worked on within the context of a supportivproblem solving relationship to develop alternativresponses. In recent years, however there has beea gradual yet perceptible shift in emphasis fovocational issues to personal/emotional issues anthe systemic context for career development. Manstudies devoted to career counselling focus ocontemporary problems that involve personal as weas work-related issues, such as workaholics and reentry for women in the workplace. In additio


36/104

Womens education is a priority sector in thegovernments policy planning. The NationalPolicy on Education 1986 states that educationwill be used as an agent of basic change in thestatus of women in society. Education for womenis a vital component of the overall strategy of

securing equity and social justice for women.Special support services are needed to remove theobstacles inhibiting the access of women to highereducation. Lack of adequate infrastructure requiredto meet the special needs of women students andteachers, including non-teaching staff, is one of themajor factors responsible for obstructing the greater

participation of women in higher education.A large number of institutions do not have

proper infrastructure for women. In certaininstitutions there are no common rooms and evenseparate toilets for women students, teachers andnon-teaching staff members. A general feeling hasbeen expressed at different forums that the

S.No. Facility Percentage of allocated grant

1. Ladies toilets (both Indian and Western) with possible self-flushing 30facilities. Preferably one toilet per 100 women (including students,teachers & non-teaching staff/researchers).

2. Womens common room with adequate furniture for sitting, 30working and for special needs.

3. Gym facilities, separate for female students and teachers, equipped 30with treadmills, cycles, etc., and sufficient place for other exercises,including yoga. Lockers as well as a shower room may also be provided.

4. For maintaining/upgrading existing infrastructure meant for women. 10This grant may also be utilised for making appropriate arrangementsfor special needs and for any medical infrastructure requirementsof women.

infrastructure for women students, teachers andnon-teachers in universities.

Eligibility/Target : All Colleges underSection 2(f) & 12(B) of the UGC Act are eligibleto receive grant under this scheme. The targegroup is women students, teachers and non

teaching staff of all eligible universities.Nature of Assistance Available Under theScheme: Under the scheme, a maximum of Rs. 10lakh as a one-time grant in the Plan period will beprovided to a university for creation andupgradation of infrastructure as per ratio mentionedbelow.

Procedure for Applying under theScheme: Institutions should submit proposalscomplete in all respects along with requireddocuments to the UGC office by 31 October oeach year. The Commission will not entertain anincomplete proposal. Terms and conditionsapplicable to UGC-approved building project


37/104

: An NE Career Guidance Presentation - 2

N

E Career Guidance is working towards helping students in North Eastern States to choose right career for thelife. It is very crucial for students to choose right Institution or College and be careful that they dont fall int

trap of choosing an UNAPPROVED or UNRECOGNIZED Institute, College or a Course.To ensure that students do not make any mistakes choosing an unapproved Institute or College or a cour

which are not recognized by Government or UGC, we share here the list available in public domain.Please note that students taking up such courses or getting admitted to such institutes may not affect in som

instances getting employment but at the same though it does not guarantee. Studying in such institute may impayour higher educational ventures or taking up any Government job or employment.

However, NE Career Guidance suggests further investigation by admission seeker should be done prioto taking admission.

(1) http://www.ugc.ac.in/financialsupport/guideline_14.htmlCompiled by Anita Baruwa from the UGC website

1. Bangalore Institute of Aeronautical Engg.& Information Technology, Bangalore 72Programmes : Aeronautical Engg.Information Technology Mechanical

2. Indian Institute of Aeronautical anMarine EngineeringPadmanabhanagar, Bangalore 560 070P A ti l E

Procedure for Approval: Institutions maysubmit their proposal for assistance under this schemeon the pro forma (given in Annexure I of UGCswebsite). The proposal will be examined andprocessed in the concerned bureau of the UGC. Incase it is found fit in terms of the conditions governingthe scheme, necessary approval of the Commission

will be conveyed to the concerned insitution. Thefollowing categories of universities/colleges will begiven priority while approving proposals: Universities/colleges located in backward/

rural and semi-urban areas; and Universities/colleges with higher percentage

of women teachers, non-teachers and students.Procedure for Release of Grant: Once the

proposal is approved, the grant will be released inthree instalments: The first instalment (50 per cent) of the grant

will be released with the letter of approval.

The second instalment (40 per cent) wibe released on receipt of the utilisatiocertificate of the first instalment of the gra(Annexure II), submission of statement oactual expenditure and progress report oconstruction project undertaken.

The remaining 10 per cent of the grant wi

be released on the receipt of completiocertificate (in respect of building projectsutilisation certificate and statement oactual expenditure incurred Annexure III

Procedure for Monitoring: The UGC wimonitor the utilisation of grants through its owmechanism and can call for any information frothe institution. Howeve

pragyan november 10

Documents