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vklu lksy cnZoku dh esjh tsy ;k=kA

15 tqykbZ] 1915 - 31 fnlEcj 1998

lkr Hkaojksa ds ifj.k;&lw= eas ca/ks lkr

fnu Hkh ugha chrs FksA lqgkx jkrksa dk

jrtxk tkjh FkkA uoo/kq ds xksjs yky

xkykas dk xqykch jax fu[kkj ij FkkA

vifjfprk ls ifjp; dh e/kqj ?kfM+;ksa dh

>u>u cgkj ij FkhA fnu jkr iydas

>ids chr jgs fd dydRrk dkaxzsl

vf/kos”ku dh ?kks’k.kk gks xbZA

1933 yxk Fkk ml fnu lkbfdy ij

fdlh dke ls xka/kh ekxZ ls tk jgk Fkk]

rHkh fdlh us eq>s iqdkjk *vjs fot; lquks*

eSaus ihNs ns[kkA og HkkbZ lkgc

dUgS;kyky [kknh okys FksA cksys&

dydRrk vf/kos”ku esa ugha pyksxs \ eSaus

dgk D;ksa ughaA mUgksus crk;k “kke 7 cts

dh Vsªu ls pyuk gSA rc 5%30 ct pqds

FksA eSaus dgk ?kj ls diM+s ys vkrk gwaaA

HkkbZ lkgc us dgk rc rks D;k py

ldksxs \ vjs ,sls gh pys pyks] [kknh

HkaMkj ls diM+s [kjhn ysaxsA eSaus lkbfdy

,d ifjfpr ds ?kj j[k nh vkSj dgk fd

bls ?kj ij igqapk nsuk vkSj dguk fd eSa

dydRrk tk jgk gwaA

,d {k.k vius gkFk esa ca/ks

dad.k&Mksjksa dh vksj ns[kk] uoo/kq dk

eq[kM+k vka[kksa esa >ydk] ekrk&firk dh

ukjkth dk [;ky vk;k fdUrq rHkh Hkkjr

eka dh iqdkj lqukbZ nhA eSa lcdqN

Hkwydj gks fy;k HkkbZ lkgc ds lkFk vkSj

LVs”ku ij [kM+h jsyxkM+h ds fMCcs esaa p<+

x;kA Vsªu [kaMok tkus okyh Fkh vkSj ogka

ls dydRrk ds fy;s Vsªu cnyuk FkkA

HkkbZ lkgc lkFk Fks ekuks lxs HkkbZ gkasA

vkSj Vsªu jokuk gks xbZA [kaMok ls Vsªu ges

dydRrk dh vksj ysdj Hkkxus yxhA

fnu&jkr Vsªu pyrh jgh vkSj eSa dkaxszl

vf/kos”ku ds ckjs esa lkspus esa exu gks

x;kA vf/kos”ku ij jksd yxk nh Fkh vkSj

tsy ds QkVd lkeus FksA

ysfdu dydRrk igaqp gh ugha

ik;sA lqcg 8 cts gksxsa fd ekxZ ds vklu

lksy jsYos LVs”ku ij iqfyl o lh-vkbZ-Mh-

okys gekjs fMCcs esa vk /kedsA gesa

fxj¶rkj dj fMCcksa ls uhps mrkjk x;k

vkSj iqfyl ykjh eas vklu lksy dh tsy

eas can dj fn;k x;kA ;g tsy nks

eaftyk FkhA ge 50&60 dkaxzslh canh tsy

esa FksA fdlh izdkj dk d’V ugha Fkk geas

eftLVsªV ds le{k Hkh is”k ugha fd;k

x;kA

vkSj lqcg 11&12 cts ds djhc

jktf’kZ ia- enueksgu ekyoh; fxj¶rkj

dj tsy eas yk, x,A tSls gh ekyoh;

th tsy ds QkVd ls vanj vk;s caxkyh

tsyj us tehu ij ysVdj mUgsa lkLVkax

iz.kke fd;kA gekjs fy;s ;g ,d vk”p;Z

dh ?kVuk FkhA gesa ckn esa Kkr gqvk fd

tsy egkeuk ekyoh; th }kjk laLFkkfir

cukjl fgUnw fo”ofo|ky; dk fo|kFkhZ

jgk gSA fgUnh fgUnw vkSj fgUnqLrku ds

egku lsod ekyoh; th lp esa jktf’kZ Fks]

jk’Vª ds os izeq[k d.kZ/kkjksa esa FksA

ge Hkh viuh&viuh cSjdksa ls

ckgj fudys vkSj jktf’kZ dks iz.kke fd;kA

lka’Vkax iz.kke dj /kU; gqvk og tsyj gh

FkkA ekyoh; th ds lkFk mudk jlksb;k

Hkh Fkk] [kkus dh lkexzh Hkh Fkh] ;gha ugha

muds lkeku ds lkFk jlksbZ cukus dh

ydfM+;k Hkh FkhA ckn eas rhljs igj

ekyoh; th us ges izlkn forfjr fd;kA

os tsy ds pkSd esa dqlhZ ij fojkteku Fks

vkSj ge muds bbZ&fxnZ Q”kZ ij cSBs

muds n”kZuksa dk ykHk ys jgs FksA mUgksaus

ge lcdk ifjp; iwNkA mudh fnO; Nfo

vkt Hkh vka[kksa esa lekbZ gqbZ gSA

nwljs fnu ,d nqcyh&iryh]

xkSjo.kZ] nsoh dh izfrek tSls fd fBxus

dn dh o) efgyk us tsy esa izos”k

fd;kA rHkh tsy ekrk Lo:i jkuh usg:

ftUnkckn ds ukjksa ls xwat mBhA geus

igyh ckj egku usrk eksrhyky usg: dh

/keZiRuh] ohj tokgjyky usg: dh

iwT;uh; ekrq Jh vkSj bafnjk xka/kh dh

nknh eka Lo:i jkuh usg: ds n”kZu fd;s

mUgsa iz.kke fd;kA muds psgjs ij viwoZ

rst Fkk] vkBksa ij eqLdku vkSj xkSjo

xfjek dh viwoZ Nki >yd jgh FkhA

lk{kkr eka vUuiw.kkZ gh ekuks vorfjr gqbZ

FkhA “kke dks mRrjizns”k ds rstLoh usrk

Jh jQh vgen fdnobZ dk Hkh tsy esa

inkiZ.k gqvk vkSj Hkh vusd usrk fofHkUu

izkarks ds gekjs lkFk tsy canh cus FksA

ge jkst rhljs igj tsy izkax.k esa

dcÏh ;k vU; [ksy [ksyrs vkSj mDr

rhuksa jk’Vª usrk dqlh Z Mky gekjs lkeus vk

cSBrsA ;g tsy Ñ’.k eafnj Fkk gekjs

fy,A usrkvksa dh ok.kh lqurs] n”kZu djrs

vkSj viuh tsy ;k=k ij xoZ djrsA gesa

cSjdksa eas can u fd;s tkus dk egkeuk dk

vkns”k tsyj us flj ekFks fy;kA ge

15&20 fnu vklu lksy tsy esa jgs]

fdUrq cafn;ksa dh la[;k c<+ tkus ls dgha

ekyoh; th] ekrk us gkj vkSj fdnobZ th

vkfn dks d’V ugha igqaps] lks vU;

vf/kdka”k cafn;ksa ds lkFk gesa cnZoku tsy

esa LFkkukarfjr dj fn;k x;kA ;g tsy

vklu lksy tsy ls cM+h FkhA ;g cfg;ksa

ds lksus ds fy, lhesaV dh vksVykuqek

lS;k Fkh] ikuh dk vkjke FkkA ysfdu

vklu lksy eas usrkvksaa ds lkfu/; ls

oafpr gksus ls ge cM+s nq%[kh FksA vkf[kj

vkB fnu ckn gesa cnZoku tsy ls fcuk

“krZ fjgk dj fn;k x;kA HkkbZ lkgc eq>s

vius lkFk dydRrk ys x;s ysfdu rc

rd vf/kos”ku dHkh dk lekIr gks pqdk

Fkk vkSj ogka Hkh ,tcanh fjgk fd;s tk

pqds FksA dydRrk ?kwedj ge bankSj yksV

vk;sA

;gka eSa ;g dgs fcuk ugha jg

ldrk fd HkkbZ lkgc [kknhokyk u dsoy

eq>s jktuhfr esa yk;s cfYd mUgksaus

jk’Vªlsok dh nh{kk Fkh nhA os ,d tokaenZ

jk’Vªh; ;ks)k FksA NksVs ls Nk sVs dk;ZdrkZ

;k Lo;alsod ds lkFk Hkh mudk O;ogkj

NksVs HkkbZ lk] lEeku&ln~Hkkouk iw.kZ FkkA

;fn dgwa fd bUnkSj e/; Hkkjr vkSj e-iz-

eas os ,d fojys usrk Fks tks jk’VªHkfDr eas

thou >syrs jgs vkSj vafre {k.kksa rd

dkaxszl o ns”k dh layXu jgs esjh tsy

;k=kvksa ds gh izsjd gSa vkt os ikfFkZo :i

esa gekjs chp ugha gS] fdUrq mudh

jk’VªHkfDr dh xkFkk] lnSo J)kiwoZd

Lej.k dh tkrh jgsxhA ml fnoaxr usrk

dks esjk dksfV dksfV iz.kke& “kr “kr

J)katfyA