amaravati, andhra pradesh

7/27/2019 Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh

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Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh 1

Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh

Amaravati

Dhanyakataka, Dharanikota historical town

Amaravati Maha Stupa

Location in Andhra Pradesh, India

Coordinates: 16.58N 80.36E[1]

Coordinates: 16.58N 80.36E[1]

Country India

State Andhra Pradesh

District Guntur

Elevation 8 m (26 ft)

Population (2009)

Total 5,49,370

Languages

Official Telugu

Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)

Telephone code 254

Vehicle registration AP 7

Amaravati (Telugu: ) is a small town situated on the banks of the River Krishna in the Guntur District

(of which it is a mandal) of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is famous for its Amareswara temple dedicated to Lord Shiva.

The temple is one of the famous Pancharamas. Amaravati, also known as Dhanyakataka/Dharanikota[2][3][4]

was the

site of a great Buddhist Stupa built in pre-Mauryan times. It was also the capital of Satavahanas, the first great

Andhra kings who ruled from the 2nd century BCE to the 3rd century CE, after the downfall of Maurya empire.
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Amareshvaraalaya gopuram

Legends

The Skanda Purana gives a picture of the place and the Siva

temple located here.[5]

Sage Narada explains to Sounaka and

other saints that Amareswara is situated in Amareswaram on the

bank of river Krishna and is on the north-eastern side of the

Srisailam temple.

Amaravati Stupa relief at Chennai Museum, India
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AAmaravati_Stupa_relief_at_Museum.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chennaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amaravati_schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Srisailamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Krishnahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naradahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shivahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skanda_Puranahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AGopuramxx.jpg


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History

Holy relic sites map of Andhra Pradesh

According to Vajrayana traditional sources the

Buddha preached at Dharanikota/Dhanyakatakam and

conducted Kalachakra ceremony, which would take

the antiquity of Amaravati back to 500 BCE.[6]

Taranatha, the Buddhist monk writes: "On the full

moon of the month Caitra in the year following his

enlightenment, at the great stupa of Dhanyakataka,

Buddha emanated the mandala of "The Glorious

Lunar Mansions" (Kalachakra).[7]

This shows that

Dhanyakatakam (Amaravati) was a very important

place at the time of composition of this tantra. The

recorded history of Amaravati and nearby Dharanikota

dates from 2nd century BCE.[8]

It was the capital of

Andhra Satavahanas who ruled from 2nd century BCE

to 3rd century CE. After the decline of Satavahanas,

Andhra Ikshvakus and later Pallava kings ruled

Krishna river valley. Subsequently, Eastern Chalukyas

and Telugu Cholas held sway over the region. Kota Kings were in control of Amaravati during the medieval times.

Kota kings were subdued by Kakatiyas in 11th century CE and Amaravati became part of the unified Telugu empire.

The stupa

The town was the site of a great Buddhist stupa originally built during the reign of emperor Ashoka. It was

completed in 200 CE and is decorated with carved panels which tell the story of Buddha's life. The region between

Krishna and Godavari rivers was an important place for Buddhism from the 2nd century BCE and some ancient

sculpture in low relief has been found here. During the Satavahana period (2nd century BCE-3rd century CE),

Dharanikota near Amaravati was chosen as the capital. The stupa was then adorned with limestone reliefs and free

standing Buddha figures. During the period of the decline of Buddhism, this stupa was also neglected and it was

buried under rubble. There is a 14th century inscription in Sri Lanka which mentions repairs made to the stupa and

after that it was forgotten.

Around the year 1796 CE, Colonel Colin Mackenzie, who visited the site twice, prepared drawings and sketches of

the relics in the area. Eventually, several European scholars including Sir Walter Smith, Robert Sewell, James

Burgess and Alexander Rea excavated the site and unearthed many sculptures that once adorned the stupa. Many

bas-relief medallions and paneled friezes decorated the Amaravati stupa.

[9]

Similar to Sanchi Stupa, the stupa wasdecorated with carvings of life and teachings of Buddha and events of Jataka Stories, e.g. taming of a rogue elephant

by Buddha. The 95 ft tall stupa was made of brick with a circular dome and platforms protruding in four cardinal

directions. Recent excavations have revealed remains of an Ashokan pillar, the first such example of Mauryan art to

be found in South India.

This stupa is related to the Vajrayana teachings of Kalachakra, still practiced today in Tibetan Buddhism. According

to the Kalachakra tantra texts, Suchandra, the King of Shambhala and many of his retinue received the initiation into

this practice by the historical Buddha.[10]

For this reason, the Dalai Lama of Tibet conducted a Kalachakra initiation

at this location in 2006.

Art historians regard the Amaravati art as one of the three major styles or schools of ancient Indian art, the other two

being the Gandhara style and the Mathura style. Some of the Buddhist sculptures of Amaravati betray a

Greco-Roman influence that was the direct result of the close trade and diplomatic contacts between South India and
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gandharahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mathura%2C_Uttar_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gandharahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mathura%2C_Uttar_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mathura%2C_Uttar_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gandharahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tibethttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dalai_Lamahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buddhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kings_of_Shambhalahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suchandrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tantrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalachakrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vajrayanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mauryan_arthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ashokahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sanchi_Stupahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bas-reliefhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dharanikotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satavahanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Godavarihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Krishnahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ashokahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stupahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kakatiyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kota_Vamsahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telugu_Cholashttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Chalukyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Krishna_riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pallavahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andhra_Ikshvakuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satavahanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andhrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dharanikotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tantrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalachakrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalachakrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dharanikotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gautama_Buddhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vajrayanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AHoly_relic_sites_map_of_Andhra_Pradesh.jpg


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the ancient Romans. Indeed, Amaravati has itself yielded a few Roman coins. The Government Museum at Egmore

(Madras Museum) and British Museum, London host the "Amaravati Gallery".[11]

Chinese traveller and Buddhist monk Hiuen Tsang (Xuanzang) visited Amaravati in 640 CE, stayed for sometime

and studied 'Abhidhammapitakam'. He observed that there were many Viharas and some of them were deserted,

which points out that Hinduism was gaining ground at that time. Xuanzang wrote a glorious account of the place,

Viharas and monasteries that existed.

[12]

Amaravati School

In Amaravati, situated in the eastern Deccan, a different type of art form evolved and flourished for nearly six

centuries commencing from 200-100 BC. Patronized first by the Satavahanas and later by the Ikshvakus and also by

other groups (feudatories, officials, and merchants), four periods of activity are easily discernible.[13]

The Amaravati school of art occupies a pre-eminent position in the history of Indian Art. With its beginning in 3rd

century BC the Amaravati unfolds its chapters through the galaxy of sculptural wealth that once adorned the

Mahachaitya the majestic monument of the Buddhists situated here with its history extending over a period of a

millennium and a half.[14]

Shiva Temple

The Amareswara (Shiva) temple walls have lot of inscriptions that give information about the kings who ruled over

the area.

The present holy shrine of Amaralingeswara (Lord Shiva) temple is associated with the reign of Vasireddy

Venkatadri Nayudu who ruled the region before the advent of the British rule (See Amararama). He was well known

for his benevolence, munificence and construction of a large number of temples and education centers in the Krishna

river delta.[15]

Geography

The city is located at 1634N 8022E[16][17]

on the south bank of Krishna river. hb

Transport

It is reachable by road or by boat / coracle on the Krishna River. Amaravati is located 35 km northwest of Guntur. It

is connected by the Amaravati road from the heart of Guntur. It is 46 km south west of Vijayawada. Gannavaram,

north of Vijayawada is the nearest airport.

CultureThe people speak Telugu. The common traditional clothing for women is a Saree and for men a Pancha or a Lungi

and Uttariyam. The town was given a hagiographic portrayal in the famous short story series Amaravati Kathalu by

Satyam Sankaramanchi. The stories describe the contemporary culture of local people during the reign of Vasireddy

Venkatadri Nayudu and also post-independent times.

The town is a center of pilgrimage to both Hindus and Buddhists. Amaravati is also famous for the temple dedicated

to the god Shiva. The main Hindu festivals celebrated are Mahashivaratri and the Navaratri. The 30th Kalachakra

festival, a popular Buddhist ritual was held at Amaravati in the first week of January 2006.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalachakrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Navaratrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shivahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vasireddy_Venkatadri_Nayuduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vasireddy_Venkatadri_Nayuduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satyam_Sankaramanchihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amaravati_Kathaluhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uttariyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lungihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dhotihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sareehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telugu_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijayawadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gannavaramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijayawadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunturhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunturhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Krishna_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Krishna_riverhttp://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Amaravati,_Andhra_Pradesh&params=16_34_N_80_22_E_http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Krishna_riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Krishna_riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amararamahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vasireddy_Venkatadri_Nayuduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vasireddy_Venkatadri_Nayuduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shivahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satavahana_dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viharahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xuanzanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hinduismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xuanzanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buddhisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Rome


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Gallery

Amaravati Stupa Guntur

District

Dhyana Buddha under

construction on the banks of

River Krishna at Amaravati

Bathing

ghat at

River

Krishna

A

representation

of Mara's

assault on the

Buddha,

depicted in an

iconic form,

2nd century

CE,

Amaravati.

Guimet

Museum

Amaravati triratna

Buddhist symbols

Scroll supported by Indian

Yaksha, Amaravati, 3rd century

CE. Tokyo National Museum

Villages

Villages in Amaravati Mandalam include MUNUGODU Attalur, Chavupadu and Lemalle.

Notes

[1] http:/ /tools.wmflabs. org/geohack/geohack. php?pagename=Amaravati,_Andhra_Pradesh& params=16. 58_N_80.

36_E_type:city(549370)_region:IN-AP

[2] The Hindu : Andhra Pradesh News : Amaravati gearing for Buddhist festival (http://www.hinduonnet. com/2005/12/25/stories/

2005122514050400.

htm)[3] The Hindu : Magazine / Events : On a mission for enlightenment (http://www.hindu. com/mag/2006/01/08/stories/2006010800370800.

htm)

[4] The Kalachakra Mandala (http://www.tibet.com/Buddhism/kala1. html)

[5][5] Skanda Purana In: Puranic Encyclopedia, 1975, Vettam Mani, Motilal Banarsidas, New Delhi

[6][6] Buddha's Preaching of the Kalachakra Tantra at the Stupa of Dhanyakataka, H. Hoffman, in: German Scholars on India, Vol. I, 1973, PP.

136-140, Varanasi

[7] Taranatha; http://www.kalacakra.org/history/khistor2. htm

[8] The History of Andhras, Durga Prasad (http://igmlnet. uohyd. ernet. in:8000/gw_44_5/hi-res/hcu_images/G2.pdf)

[9][9] Amaravati: Buddhist sculpture from the Great Stupa, R. Knox, 1992, The British Museum Press, London

[10] Kilty,G Ornament of Stainless Light, Wisdom 2004, ISBN 0-86171-452-0

[11][11] Sculptures from Amaravati in the British Museum, D. Barrett, 1954, Trustees of the British Museum, London

[12] Travels of Xuanzang: http://www.odiseos.net/XTWeb/index. html

[13] http://www.preservearticles.com/2011101815589/what-were-the-salient-features-of-amaravati-school. html

[14] http://asi.nic.in/asi_museums_amravati.asp
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AMaraAssault.jpghttp://asi.nic.in/asi_museums_amravati.asphttp://www.preservearticles.com/2011101815589/what-were-the-salient-features-of-amaravati-school.htmlhttp://www.odiseos.net/XTWeb/index.htmlhttp://igmlnet.uohyd.ernet.in:8000/gw_44_5/hi-res/hcu_images/G2.pdfhttp://www.kalacakra.org/history/khistor2.htmhttp://www.tibet.com/Buddhism/kala1.htmlhttp://www.hindu.com/mag/2006/01/08/stories/2006010800370800.htmhttp://www.hindu.com/mag/2006/01/08/stories/2006010800370800.htmhttp://www.hinduonnet.com/2005/12/25/stories/2005122514050400.htmhttp://www.hinduonnet.com/2005/12/25/stories/2005122514050400.htmhttp://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Amaravati,_Andhra_Pradesh&params=16.58_N_80.36_E_type:city(549370)_region:IN-APhttp://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Amaravati,_Andhra_Pradesh&params=16.58_N_80.36_E_type:city(549370)_region:IN-APhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lemallehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chavupaduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Attalurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MUNUGODUhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AAmaravatiScroll.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokyo_National_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AAmaravatiTriratnaSymbols.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Triratnahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AMaraAssault.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guimet_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guimet_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ABathx.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ADhyaana.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Krishna_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AAmaravati_Stupa.JPG


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[15] Sri Raja Vasireddy Venkatadri Nayudu, 1973, K. Lakshminarayana, Ponnuru (http://www.openlibrary. org/details/

rajavasireddyven022548mbp)

[16] http://tools.wmflabs. org/geohack/geohack. php?pagename=Amaravati,_Andhra_Pradesh& params=16_34_N_80_22_E_

[17] Maps, Weather, and Airports for Amaravati, India (http://www.fallingrain. com/world/IN/2/Amaravati.html)

External links

Valley of stupas (http://www.flonnet.com/fl2421/stories/20071102504206400.htm)

The Amaravati Gallery at the Madras Museum (http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/01/28/stories/

2002012800200300.htm)

Related Buddhist Sites of Andhra Pradesh (http://www.frontline.in/navigation/?type=static&page=flonnet&

rdurl=fl2421/stories/20071102504206400.htm)
http://www.frontline.in/navigation/?type=static&page=flonnet&rdurl=fl2421/stories/20071102504206400.htmhttp://www.frontline.in/navigation/?type=static&page=flonnet&rdurl=fl2421/stories/20071102504206400.htmhttp://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/01/28/stories/2002012800200300.htmhttp://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/01/28/stories/2002012800200300.htmhttp://www.flonnet.com/fl2421/stories/20071102504206400.htmhttp://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/2/Amaravati.htmlhttp://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Amaravati,_Andhra_Pradesh&params=16_34_N_80_22_E_http://www.openlibrary.org/details/rajavasireddyven022548mbp)http://www.openlibrary.org/details/rajavasireddyven022548mbp)


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Article Sources and Contributors 7

Article Sources and ContributorsAmaravati, Andhra Pradesh Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=562969090 Contributors: Adityamadhav83, Altruism, Anna Frodesiak, Ansumang, Antandrus, Arudraraju,

BD2412, Balloonguy, Barticus88, Brawn81, CalicoCatLover, Chphe, Chris the speller, ChrisGualtieri, Closedmouth, Colonies Chris, Cpq29gpl, D6, Digitalsuresh, Dilkibaatein, Dobromila,

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Lifebonzza, MER-C, Madhura meenakshi reddy, Mekong Bluesman, Mlpkr, Nagarjuna198, Nettem, Ohnoitsjamie, Paul Barlow, Per Honor et Gloria, Philip Trueman, Poojakaul, Poweroid,

Praneel, Pratyya Ghosh, Rammohan65, Richwales, Roland zh, Rudyh01, Sanjuprasad, Saravask, Scott5114, Serein (renamed because of SUL), Shyamsunder, Sidsahu, Sitush, Sk201, Squids and

Chips, Stephen Hodge, Suchetaav, Sumanthk, SumerianPrince, Sureshnukavarapu, Tabletop, Thaejas, Tom Radulovich, TomasBat, Triquetra, Utcursch, Varanasi480, Woohookitty, Xufanc,

Zimin.V.G., 83 anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsFile:Amaravati Stupa in AP W IMG 8075.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Amaravati_Stupa_in_AP_W_IMG_8075.jpgLicense: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0

Contributors: J.M.Garg

file:Location map India Andhra Pradesh.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Location_map_India_Andhra_Pradesh.pngLicense: Creative Commons

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File:Flag of India.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_India.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Anomie, Mifter

File:gopuramxx.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Gopuramxx.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Rammohan65

File:Amaravati Stupa relief at Museum.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Amaravati_Stupa_relief_at_Museum.jpgLicense: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0

Contributors: Adityamadhav83, FlickreviewR, Ismoon

File:Holy relic sites map of Andhra Pradesh.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Holy_relic_sites_map_of_Andhra_Pradesh.jpgLicense: Creative Commons

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amaravati, andhra pradesh

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