Download - HoistingSystem (1)

Drilling Engineering – Fall 2012

Prepared by: Tan Nguyen

Drilling Engineering – PE 311Rotary Drilling System



Instructor: Tan Nguyen

Class: Tuesday & Thursday

Time: 11:00 AM - 12:15 PM

Room: WIER 129

Office: MSEC 372

Office Hours: Tuesday & Thursday 2:00 – 4:00 pm

Phone: ext-5483

E-mail: [email protected]

General Information



1. Applied Drilling Engineering – Adam T. Bourgoyne – SPE

Textbook OR

2. Fundamentals of Drilling Engineering – Robert Mitchell & Stefan

Miska – SPE Textbook.

3. Class notes

4. PowerPoint slides

Required Materials



Homework: 20%

Quizzes: 20%

Midterm exam: 30%

Final: 30%

Grading



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DniNIvE69SE&feature=related

Movie





Main Rig Components



1. Power System

2. Hoisting System

3. Fluid Circulating System

4. Rotary System

5. Well Control System

6. Well Monitoring System

Main Rig Components



1. Rotary drilling

2. Drilling fluids

3. Drilling hydraulics

4. Drilling bits

5. Directional drilling

6. Formation and fracture pressure

7. Cements

8. Casing design

9. Tubing design

10. Other topics: under balance drilling, cutting transport, etc.

Main Topics in Drilling



1. Complete or obtain seismic, log, scouting information or other data.

2. Lease the land or obtain concession.

3. Calculate reserves or estimate from best data available.

4. If reserve estimates show payout, proceed with well.

5. Obtain permits from conservation/national authority.

6. Prepare drilling and completion program.

7. Ask for bids on footage, day work, or combination from selected drilling

contractors based on drilling program.

8. If necessary, modify program to fit selected contractor equipment.

Steps To Drill an Oil/Gas Well



9. Construct road, location/platforms and other marine equipment necessary for access to site.

10. Gather all personnel concerned for meeting prior to commencing drilling (pre-spud meeting)

11. If necessary, further modify program.

12. Drill well.

13. Move off contractor if workover unit is to complete the well.

14. Complete well.

15. Install surface facilities.

16. Analysis of operations with concerned personnel.

Steps To Drill an Oil/Gas Well



A drilling rig is a machine which creates holes (usually called boreholes) in the

ground. Drilling rigs can be massive structures housing equipment used to drill

water wells, oil wells, or natural gas wells, or they can be small enough to be

moved manually by one person.

Rotary table drive: rotation is achieved by turning the kelley at the drill floor.

Top drive: rotation and circulation is done at the top of the drill string, on a

motor that moves in a track along the derrick.

Drilling Rig



Drilling Rig

Water well drilling rig

Drilling rig preparing rock blasting



Drilling Rig

Oil drilling rig onshoreRotary table drive

Oil drilling rig onshoreTop drive



Drilling Rig

Rotary Table drive Drilling Top Drive Drilling



An advantage of a top drive is that it allows the drilling rig to drill longer

sections of a stand of drill pipe. A rotary table type rig can only drill 30’

sections of drill pipe while a top drive can drill 90-feet drillpipe. Therefore,

there are fewer connections of drill pipe and hence improving time efficiency.

Drilling Rig



While the bit cuts the rock at the bottom of the hole, surface pumps are forcing

drilling fluids down the hole through the inside of the drill pipe and out the bit. This

fluid lubricates and removes cuttings. The fluid (with the cuttings) then flows out the

center of the drill bit and is forced back up the outside of the drill pipe onto the

surface of the ground where it is cleaned of debris and pumped back down the hole.

This is an endless cycle that is maintained as long as the drill bit is turning in the

hole.

In generally, there are four main systems of a rotary drilling process including: Rig

power system, hoisting system, drill string components, and circulating system.

Drilling Rig



The power generated by the power system is used principally for five main

operations: (1) rotating, (2) hosting, (3) drilling fluid circulation, (4) rig lighting system,

and (5) hydraulic systems. However, most of the generated power is consumed by

the hoisting and fluid circulation systems. In most cases these two systems are not

used simultaneously, so the same engines can perform both functions.

Rig power system performance characteristics generally are stated in terms of output

hoursepower, torque, and fuel consumption for various engine speeds. The following

equations perform various design calculations:

Rig Power System



Rig Power System



Rig Power System

P – shaft power developed by engine, hp

Qi – heat energy consumed by the engine, hp

Et – overall power system efficiency

– angular velocity of the shaft, rad/min;

= 2pN with N is the shaft speed in RPM

T – output torque, ft-lbf

Wf – volumetric fuel consumption, gal/hour

H – heating value of diesel, 19,000 BTU/lbm

d – density of diesel, 7.2 lbm/gal

33,000 – conversion factor, ft-lbf/min/hp

(1)

(2)

(3)



Rig Power System

FuelType

Density(lbm/gal)

Heating Value(Btu/lbm)

dieselgasolinebutane

methane

7.26.64.7---

19,00020,00021,00024,000



Example 1.1. A diesel engine gives an output torque of 1740 ft-lbf at an engine speed

of 1,200 rpm. If the fuel consumption rate was 31.5 gal/hr, what is the output power

and overall efficiency of the engine.

Solution:

Angular velocity: = 2N = 2(1200) = 7,539.84 rad/min

The power output:

Heat energy consumed by the engine:

Overal efficiency:

Rig Power System



The function of the hoisting system is to get the necessary equipment in and out of

the hole as rapidly as is economically possible. The principal items of equipment that

are used in the hole are drillstring, casing, and miscellaneous instruments such as

logging and hole deviation instruments. The major components of the hoisting

system are:

(1)the derrick,

(2)the block and tackle system,

(3)the drawworks,

(4)miscellaneous hoisting equipment such as hooks, elevators, and weight indicator.

Hoisting System



The function of the derrick is to provide the vertical height required to raise sections

of pipe from or lower them into the hole. Derricks are rated according to their height

and their ability to withstand compressive and wind loads. The greater the height of

the derrick, the longer the section of pipe that can be handled. The most commonly

used drillpipe is between 27-30 feet. To provide working space below the derrick floor

for pressure control valves called blowout preventer, the derrick usually is elevated

above the ground level by placement on a substructure.

Derrick



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5f3STxhzICQ

http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/oilandgas/drilling/trippingout_in.html#

Making a Trip

http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/oilandgas/drilling/trippingout_in.html



Making a Trip

Tripping Out Tripping In• Setting Slips• Breaking Out and Setting Back the Kelly• Attaching Elevators to the Elevator Links• Latching Elevators to Pipe• Working on the Monkeyboard• Breaking Out Pipe• Maneuvering Pipe to Racking Area

• Elevators raised• Tripping In -- Latching Elevators to Top of Stand• Moving pipe to rotary• Pipe is made up• Slips are pulled• Slips are set• Elevators are unlatched• Process repeated for all stands• Pickup kelly and attach to drill string• Break circulation, and• Resume drilling

http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/oilandgas/drilling/trippingout_in.html#set_slips

http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/oilandgas/drilling/trippingout_in.html#breakout_kelly

http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/oilandgas/drilling/trippingout_in.html#breakout_kelly

http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/oilandgas/drilling/trippingout_in.html#attach_elevators_to_the_elevator_links

http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/oilandgas/drilling/trippingout_in.html#attach_elevators_to_the_elevator_links



Making a Connection / Tripping In

Making a mouse hole connection



Making a Connection / Tripping In

Moving Kelly to Single in Mousehole

Stabbing the Pipe

Single Added. Ready to Drill



Tripping Out

Use Elevators

fortrippingPut Kelly in

Rathole



Tripping Out



Block and tackle is comprised of the crown block, the travelling block, and the drilling

line. The principal function of the block and tackle is to provide a mechanical

advantage which permits easier handling of large loads.

Block and Tackle



The mechanical advantage M of a block and tackle is defined as the ratio of the

load supported by the traveling block, W, and the load imposed on the

drawworks, Ff.

Machenical Advantage

(4)



A pulley transfers a force along a rope without changing its magnitude. In Figure a,

there is a force (tension) on the rope that is equal to the weight of the object. This

force or tension is the same all along the rope. For this simple pulley system, the

force is equal to the weight, as shown in the picture. The mechanical advantage of

this system is 1!.

In the Figure b, the pulley is moveable. As the rope is pulled up, it can also move up.

Now the weight is supported by both the rope end attached to the upper bar and the

end held by the person! Each side of the rope is supporting the weight, so each side

carries only half the weight. So the force needed to hold up the pulley in this example

is 1/2 the weight! Now the mechanical advantage of this system is 2.

Pully



Pully

a b c d



Without friction between the block and the tackle, the mechanical advantage is given by

Equation (1.5) tells us the ideal mechanical advantage is equal to the number of lines.

For frictionless between the block and tackle, the power efficiency is given by

In general, the power efficiency can be calculated

Block and Tackle

(5)

(6)

(7)



The load applied to the derrick, Fd, is the sum of the hook load, W, the tension in the

dead line, Fs, and the tension in the fast line, Ff:

The total derrick load is not distributed equally over all four derrick legs. Since the

drawworks is located on one side of the derrick floor, the tension in the fast line is

distributed over only two of the four legs. Also, the dead line affects only the leg to which

it is attached. If E > 0.5, the load on leg A is greatest of all four legs. Since if any leg

fails, the entire derrick also fails, it is convenient to define a maximum equivalent derrick

load, Fde, which is equal to four times the maximum leg load.

Block and Tackle

(8)



Block and Tackle

(9)

Maximum equivalent derrick load:



The drawworks is a complicated mechanical system with many functions:

1. To lift drill string, casing, or tubing string, or to pull in excess of these string loads to

free stuck pipe.

2. Provide the braking systems on the hoist drum for lowering drill string, casing string,

or tubing string into the borehole.

3. Transmit power from the prime movers to the rotary drive sprocket to drive the rotary

table

4. Transmit power to the catheads for breaking out and making up drill string, casing

and tubing string.

Drawworks



Drawworks



Efficiency Factor, E

The input power to the drawworks is calculated by taking into account the efficiency of the chain drives and shafts inside the drawworks. The efficiency factor E is given by the following equation:

Where K is sheave and line efficiency per sheave; K = 0.9615 is in common use.



Example

Example 1.2: A rig must hoist a load of 300,000 lbf. The drawworks can provide an

input power to the block and tackle system as high as 500 hp. Eight lines are strung

between the crown block and traveling block. Calculate:

1. The static tension in the fast line when upward motion is impending

2. The maximum hook horsepower available.

3. The maximum hoisting speed

4. The actual derrick load

5. The maximum equivalent derrick load

6. The derrick efficiency factor



Example1. The static tension in the fast line when upward motion is impending

2. The maximum hook horsepower available.

Ph = Epi = 0.844 x 500 = 420.5 hp

3. The maximum hoisting speed

4. The actual derrick load

5. The maximum equivalent derrick load

6. The derrick efficiency factor

Download - HoistingSystem (1)

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