Download - intro biomecchanics
Kuan Boon, OngBiomechanics staff
Course OutlineCourse OutlineThis course studies the biomechanical factors involved in movement, with special focus on sports techniques, musculo-skeletal stress and understanding movement patterns.
Required Readings:•Hamill, J. and Knutzen, K. (2003). Biomechanical Basis of Human Movement. Williams and Wilkins.
• end chapter multi questions (answers on WebCT)
Course OutlineCourse OutlineLECTURES & Tutorials: • Approximately 39 individual lectures & tutorials
LABORATORIES:10 laboratories (1 per fortnight) (+ mid sem. exam)
ASSESSMENT: Course Work 60%•Final Exam (40%)
Course OutcomesCourse Outcomes• Describe movement from a biomechanical perspective.• Understand how kinematic and kinetic variables relate to 2-D
movements.• Report the forces on the body during exercise and sporting activities.• Apply the concepts of joint moments and muscle torque to exercise.• Link basic muscle mechanics to exercise.• Understand the characteristics of gait, while also expressing the
kinematic and kinetic changes needed to change from walking to running gait.
• Be able to understand how the internal and external forces associated with movement inter-relate in optimal performance.
• Be able to critically appraise movement from a biomechanical perspective
Student ExpectationsStudent Expectations• Please be punctual for the start of lectures and laboratories.• Please turn off your mobile phones during lectures and laboratories.• Please see the lab coordinator as soon as you have missed a class. • The first option is to attend another lab time but please • A doctor’s certificate must be produced for a missed laboratory if the lab
is not made up. (5% penalty may apply for missed labs).
What is the scope of What is the scope of biomechanics?biomechanics?Biomechanics is a study of human movement using mechanics and applied anatomy ....
Sport• Technique development• Injury reduction
Clinical• Rehabilitation• Disease identification and progression
Occupational• Ergonomics• Kinanthropometry (Growth)
Technique Development
Injury Reduction
Rehabilitation
Disease Identification & Progression
Ergonomics
Kinanthropometry (growth)
Learning path for skill?Learning path for skill? Tactical
Technical
Physical
Mental
Deciding what technique to Deciding what technique to teach?teach?
1.1. Past experiences as a Past experiences as a coach or playercoach or player
e.g. grip on the racquet
Deciding what technique to Deciding what technique to teach?teach?
2.2. Current world trendsCurrent world trends
e.g. two handed backhand
Deciding what technique to Deciding what technique to teach?teach?
3.3. Consider individual Consider individual FLAIRFLAIR of athleteof athlete
Deciding what technique to Deciding what technique to teach?teach?
Must use the previous three Must use the previous three ++ an understanding of an understanding of the the
mechanics of the movementmechanics of the movement
e.g. time on strings (5 ms)
What is the structure of What is the structure of biomechanics?biomechanics?Biomechanics (kinesiology)Biomechanics (kinesiology)
Chapter 1: Hamill & Knutzen
Describing position or movementDescribing position or movementCartesian Coordinate System (2D or 3D)
X
Y
Planes of motionPlanes of motionSagittal• right & left
Coronal (Frontal)• front & back
Transverse• Top &
Bottom
Planes of motionPlanes of motionSagittal• Front Knee
Angle
Coronal (Frontal)• Trunk Angle
Transverse• Shoulder
Alignment
Lecture OutcomesLecture Outcomes• Explain the role that biomechanics plays in sport, clinical
and occupational settings and give an example of each.
• How does a coach or teacher decide what techniques should be changed and those that should be left alone?
• What is the Cartesian measurement system?
• In a tennis serve define a movement in the:• Sagittal plane• Transverse plane• Frontal plane
Revision for upcoming lecturesRevision for upcoming lectures• Muscle groups and their actions at the major joints • Planes of motion• Basic trigonometry revision (pg 467-469)• Linear kinematics and angular kinematics? Chapters 8
& 9 (10&11)
JointJoint ActionAction Primary Primary MusculatureMusculature
Hip Flexion
Hip Extension
Hip Flexors•psoas major•iliacus •rectus femoris
Hip Extenders•gluteus maximus•adductor magnus (inferior)•hamstrings
JointJoint ActionAction Primary Primary MusculatureMusculature
knee Flexion
Knee Extension
Knee Flexors (hamstrings)•semitendinosus•semimembranosus•biceps femoris (2 heads)Hip Extenders (quadriceps)•rectus femoris •vastus lateralis, medialis & intermedialis
JointJoint ActionAction Primary Primary MusculatureMusculature
Ankle Dorsi-Flexion
Ankle Plantar-Flexion
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JointJoint ActionAction Primary Primary MusculatureMusculature
Shoulder Abduction
Shoulder Adduction
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JointJoint ActionAction Primary Primary MusculatureMusculature
Shoulder Internal Rotation
ShoulderExternal Rotation
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JointJoint ActionAction Primary Primary MusculatureMusculature
Elbow Flexion
Elbow Extension
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