dr. r. e. bradbury

International African Institute

Dr. R. E. BradburySource: Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, Vol. 40, No. 2 (Apr., 1970), pp.164-170Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of the International African InstituteStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1159573 .

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Notes and News Offprints of' Notes and News ' are available on a subscription basis as from January I966. They are printed for filing on one side of the paper only. The annual subscription is I5s. ($1.95; F Io), post free.

Information on Current Research in African Studies ' Notes and News ' endeavours to provide a comprehensive coverage of reports on current, prospective, and completed field research projects, special study courses, conferences, and other activities relevant to African studies. Effectiveness in making such information generally available in this way must

largely depend on the co-operation of university and other study centres and of individual research workers in sending reports promptly and on their own initiative. We would therefore greatly appreciate the assistance of all organizations andpersons actively concerned with African studies. Itemsfor inclusion in ' Notes and News ' should be concise, but should indicate the name and address of the organization, the scope and area of the study, names of participants, time-table, and plans for publication. Reports should be in English or French and, save in exceptional cases, should not exceed oo words. They should be addressed to Miss Barbara Pym, the Assistant Editor of Africa.

Dr. R. E. Bradburjz WE deeply regret to record the death on 23 December 1969 at the age of 40 of Dr. R. E.

Bradbury who held a Field Research Fellowship of the Institute from I952 to 1954 and contributed a volume on the Benin Kingdom to the Ethnographic Survey of Africa. Dr.

Bradbury devoted seven years to intensive anthropological field work on Benin and the

Edo-speaking peoples of Nigeria on which he was the outstanding authority. His numerous

published papers on many aspects of the political organization, religion, art, and history of Benin were marked by exceptional richness and theoretical insight. Since his appointment to a Senior Lecturership at the Centre of West African Studies at the University of Birming- ham he had been engaged on a major work on the political development of the Benin King- dom. This loss will be deeply felt by his colleagues and all concerned with the advancement of Nigerian studies.

Seminar on the Development of African Trade and lMarkets in West Africa THIS seminar, the tenth in the series of International African Seminars, arranged by the Institute with the generous support of a grant from the Ford Foundation, was held at Fourah

Bay College, Freetown, Sierra Leone, from I4 to 22 December I969, under the chairman-

ship of M. Claude Meillassoux of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France. The Institute is most grateful to the Principal, the Revd. Canon Harry Sawyerr, for

welcoming the seminar and to Mr. Jonathan Hyde, Secretary of the Institute of African Studies and other members of the staff at the College for their valuable assistance in the local arrangements.

The following papers, relating to their own special fields of research were prepared by the participants for consideration in advance of the seminar:

M. Samir Amin (Universite de Poitiers): 'La politique coloniale fran~aise a l'egard de la bourgeoisie commercante sendgalaise (I820-1900) '.

M. Jean-Loup Amselle (Institut des Sciences Humaines, Bamako): 'Parente et commerce chez les Kooroko '.

Notes and News Offprints of' Notes and News ' are available on a subscription basis as from January I966. They are printed for filing on one side of the paper only. The annual subscription is I5s. ($1.95; F Io), post free.

Information on Current Research in African Studies ' Notes and News ' endeavours to provide a comprehensive coverage of reports on current, prospective, and completed field research projects, special study courses, conferences, and other activities relevant to African studies. Effectiveness in making such information generally available in this way must

largely depend on the co-operation of university and other study centres and of individual research workers in sending reports promptly and on their own initiative. We would therefore greatly appreciate the assistance of all organizations andpersons actively concerned with African studies. Itemsfor inclusion in ' Notes and News ' should be concise, but should indicate the name and address of the organization, the scope and area of the study, names of participants, time-table, and plans for publication. Reports should be in English or French and, save in exceptional cases, should not exceed oo words. They should be addressed to Miss Barbara Pym, the Assistant Editor of Africa.

Dr. R. E. Bradburjz WE deeply regret to record the death on 23 December 1969 at the age of 40 of Dr. R. E.

Bradbury who held a Field Research Fellowship of the Institute from I952 to 1954 and contributed a volume on the Benin Kingdom to the Ethnographic Survey of Africa. Dr.

Bradbury devoted seven years to intensive anthropological field work on Benin and the

Edo-speaking peoples of Nigeria on which he was the outstanding authority. His numerous

published papers on many aspects of the political organization, religion, art, and history of Benin were marked by exceptional richness and theoretical insight. Since his appointment to a Senior Lecturership at the Centre of West African Studies at the University of Birming- ham he had been engaged on a major work on the political development of the Benin King- dom. This loss will be deeply felt by his colleagues and all concerned with the advancement of Nigerian studies.

Seminar on the Development of African Trade and lMarkets in West Africa THIS seminar, the tenth in the series of International African Seminars, arranged by the Institute with the generous support of a grant from the Ford Foundation, was held at Fourah

Bay College, Freetown, Sierra Leone, from I4 to 22 December I969, under the chairman-

ship of M. Claude Meillassoux of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France. The Institute is most grateful to the Principal, the Revd. Canon Harry Sawyerr, for

welcoming the seminar and to Mr. Jonathan Hyde, Secretary of the Institute of African Studies and other members of the staff at the College for their valuable assistance in the local arrangements.

The following papers, relating to their own special fields of research were prepared by the participants for consideration in advance of the seminar:

M. Samir Amin (Universite de Poitiers): 'La politique coloniale fran~aise a l'egard de la bourgeoisie commercante sendgalaise (I820-1900) '.

M. Jean-Loup Amselle (Institut des Sciences Humaines, Bamako): 'Parente et commerce chez les Kooroko '.



Dr. Kwame Arhin (Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana): ' Atebubu markets: c. I884-I930'.

M. Marc Auge (ORSTOM, Abidjan): 'L'organisation du commerce pre-colonial en Basse C6te-d'Ivoire et ses effets sur l'organisation sociale des populations c6tieres'.

M. Jean Louis Boutillier (ORSTOM, Paris):' La cite marchande de Bouna dans l'ensemble economique Ouest-Africain pre-colonial'.

Dr. Abner Cohen (School of Oriental and African Studies, London): ' Cultural strategies in the organisation of trading diasporas '.

Mme Coquery-Vidrovitch (Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris): 'De la traite des esclaves a l'exportation de l'huile de palme et des palmistes au Dahomey: xrxe siecle '.

Professor Philip Curtin (University of Wisconsin): 'Precolonial trading networks and traders: the Diakhanke '.

Mr. K. Y. Daaku (University of Ghana): ' Gold, guns and the Gold Coast: a study of the organisation of trade among the Akan in the precolonial period '.

Dr. B. W. Hodder (Queen Mary College, London): 'Periodic and daily markets in West Africa '.

Mrs. M. E. Humphreys (Dr. Polly Hill) (University of Cambridge): 'Two types of West African house trade'.

M. Michel Izard (CNRS and Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Sociale, Paris): 'Les Yarse et le commerce dans le Yatenga pre-colonial'.

Mrs. Rowena Lawson (University of Leeds): ' The supply response of retail trading services to urban population growth in Ghana'.

M. Claude Meillassoux (CNRS, Paris): 'Le commerce pre-colonial et le developpement de l'esclavage a Gubu du Sahel (Mali) '.

M. Memel-Fote (Institut d'Ethno-Sociologie, Universite d'Abidjan): ' Strategie de la politique des marches dans une societe sans etat de Basse C6te d'Ivoire: les Adioukrou '.

Professor Marvin Miracle (Dept. of Agricultural Economics, University of Wisconsin): 'Capitalism, capital markets and competition in West African trade '.

Dr. Colin Newbury (Institute of Commonwealth Studies, Oxford):' Prices and profitability in early nineteenth century West African trade'.

M. Marc Piault (CNRS and Centre Nigerien de Recherches en Sciences Humaines, Niamey): ' Cycles de marches et " espaces " socio-politiques '.

Professor Robert Smith (African Studies Program, University of Wisconsin): 'Market periodicity and locational patterns in West Africa: theory and empirical evidence'.

M. Emmanuel Terray (Universite de Vincennes): ' Commerce pre-colonial et organisation sociale chez les Dida de C6te d'Ivoire '.

Professor Ivor Wilks (University of Cambridge): ' Asante policy towards the Hausa trade in the i 9th century'.

Members of the staff of the departments of History, Economics, and Political Science at Fourah Bay College and several visiting observers took part in the discussions at the seminar. These were organized with reference to the following themes:

Pre-colonial Trade and Politics: relations of developments in trade to political organization and expansion.

Trading Areas and Market Centres: factors affecting the location and periodicity of markets; differing modes of exchange, market, and non-market trading; the social functions of markets.

Trade and Social Organization: effects of external trading on the structure of groups, social relations, and division of labour; the emergence of new social categories.

Long Distance Trade and the Development of Specialized Trading Groups: forms of

NOTES AND NEWS 165



long-distance trading, expeditions, networks, relay trading, and transit markets; conditions for the emergence of specialized trading groups, their distinctive organization and ideology and their relations with host communities.

The Adaptation of African Economies and Trading to Changes in the nineteenth-century European Trade on the Coast: economic and social consequences of the growth and changing character of overseas trade.

The Impact of Modern Capitalism on African Trade: the position of African traders in the development of modern commerce, problems of African capital formation, responses to the development of urban consumer markets.

Comparative review of the Spheres and Categories of African Trade: the influence of geographical, socio-cultural, and political factors; the classification and elements of trade; reconsideration of concepts and theories.

The work of the seminar is being prepared for publication in a book which will include an introductory essay by the chairman which will review the discussions and the preparatory papers.

Budapest Conference on Problems of Economic Development in Africa A CONFERENCE on 'The Implementation Problems of Economic Development Plans and Government Decisions in the Countries of Black Africa ' was held in Budapest from 3 to 9 March I969, and was attended by participants from the U.S.S.R., German Democratic Republic, Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Mongolia, India, and Hungary. Further information may be obtained from: Mr. Paul Paricsy, Centre for Afro-Asian Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest XII, Kallo esperes I 5, Hungary.

Societe Africaine de Culture: Symposium at Porto-Novo A SYMPOSIUM on traditional African religions as a source of cultural values, organized by the government of Dahomey and the Societe Africaine de Culture, with the co-operation of Unesco, will be held at Porto-Novo from i6 to 22 August 1970. A number of African and non-African specialists are being invited to contribute papers relating to institutions and legal systems, customs, technology, art, and cosmology. The influence of Islam and Christ- ianity in Africa will be considered in the context of traditional African religions. There will also be papers on the Antilles and the Americas. Further information about the Symposium may be obtained from the Secretary-General, Societe Africaine de Culture, 'Presence Africaine ', 42 rue de Descartes, Paris 5e; or, M. le Secretaire-Rapporteur, Comite National de Preparation du Colloque sur les Religions Traditionnelles Africaines, Commission Nationale pour l'Unesco, Ministere de l'Education Nationale, Porto-Novo, Dahomey.

African Folklore Conference: Bloomington, Indiana, July go70 THE Folklore Institute of Indiana University will sponsor an African Folklore Conference, to be held in Bloomington, Indiana, on I6, I7, and I8 July I970. It will continue the series of special summer programmes in Folklore held at Indiana University every four years since 1942. Scholars from Africa, Europe, and the United States will discuss the genres of African folklore, oral tradition as literary art, the influence of African folklore on modern African literature, relationships between African folklore and American Negro lore, African folklore as a source for the historian, and teaching materials for courses in African oral traditions. Further information and reservations may be obtained from the Director of the Folklore Institute, 714 East 8th Street, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 4740I.

I66 NOTES AND NEWS



NOTES AND NEWS I67

University College, Dar es Salaam: Current Researches in pre-Colonial History (see also Africa, xl. i, Jan. 1970, p. 78)

THE following projects in pre-colonial history in Tanzania are listed by the History Depart- ment, University College, Dar es Salaam, in Tanzania Zamani, no. 5, July 1969:

Dr. Israel K. Katoke (Boston University): the history of Karagwe (completed). Mr. Peter Schmidt: multidisciplinary approach to the history of Buhaya. Mr. Gerald W. Hartwig (Indiana University): collection of oral traditions of Ukerewe

(completed). Mr. Lorne Larson: the social, economic, and political interaction of the Roman Catholic

missionaries, the colonial authorities, and the peoples of Ulanga District. Mr. Patrick N. Redmond (School of Oriental and African Studies, London): the Ngoni

of southern Tanzania. Mrs. Beverly A. Brown (Boston University): history of Ujiji. Mr. Walter Brown (Boston University): history of Bagamoyo. Mr. August H. Nimtz Jr. (Indiana University): the role of tariqas in the political develop-

ment of Tanzania. Mr. Abdul M. H. Sheriff: the commercial history of Zanzibar in the late eighteenth and

nineteenth centuries.

The Nembe Cultural Association THE Nembe Cultural Association (c/o S. D. Dambo, Secretary, Central Bank of Nigeria, Research Department, Lagos) has recently published Owoma Kalai Anumo, a booklet of traditional songs written in the Nembe (Ijaw) dialect of the Rivers State of Nigeria. The songs, generally used by children at play, are arranged in alphabetical order so that children and those wishing to study the dialect may get to know the Nembe alphabet more easily.

Consortium for the Study of Nigerian Rural Development THE Michigan State University Consortium for the Study of Nigerian Rural Development, (Director, Glenn L. Johnson) in collaboration with the Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, Ibadan, has been conducting studies in co-operation with Nigerian agencies for the past two years. The CSNRD took as its point of departure the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations report Agricultural Development in Nigeria I96-80o and has published a series of reports on various aspects of agriculture and rural development in Nigeria. Information regarding these may be obtained from CSNRD, 204 Agricultural Hall, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, U.S.A.

International Institute of Differing Civilisations: The FRAG Project THE FRAG Project is a large-scale survey being undertaken by members of INCIDI on the obstacles and restrictions hindering agrarian reform in the developing countries. It is divided into three panels the objects of which are to discover (a) the nature, intensity, and geographical extension of the various obstacles and restrictions impeding the growth of agricultural productivity and the success of agrarian reforms in intertropical regions, (b) the steps already taken by national and other authorities to induce or encourage agrarian reform, the effects of such measures and causes of possible failure, and (c) new policies which should be promoted to ensure the success of' genuine' agrarian reforms. The initial objec- tive is an extensive collection of documentary material on a world scale susceptible of close comparison and recorded to facilitate its eventual computerization. A questionnaire has been sent out with the primary aim of assembling data for phase (a). Further information



i68 NOTES AND NEWS

about the FRAG Project may be obtained from: Pierre de Brey, General Secretary, INCIDI, ii. boulevard de Waterloo, Bruxelles i. Belgium.

' Food and Nutrition in Africa' THIS is the News Bulletin of the Joint FAO/WH-O/OAU-STRC Regional Food and Nutrition Commission for Africa, created in I963 to collect, analyse, and disseminate all information on food and nutrition matters in African countries. Beginning with the July I968 issue of the Bulletin, abstracts of articles are presented in a separate publication entitled Nutrition Briefs. The address of the Commission is P.O. Box 1938, Accra, Ghana.

' African Law Studies' THE first issue of this journal from the African Law Center, Columbia University, New York (Director: Professor A. Arthur Schiller), was published in June I969. African Law Studies aims to provide tools for research and information concerning current developments which are not adequately presented elsewhere, and will include bibliographical essays, analysis of comparative legislation, and annual or biennial surveys of legal development in particular countries or in particular fields. Three issues a year are planned for which the annual subscription of $5.00 should be sent to The African Law Center, Box 3 , 435 West I16 Street, New York, N.Y. 10027.

' The Tanzania High Court Digest' THIS monthly publication from I967 of the Faculty of Law, University College, Dar es Salaam, presents in edited form all cases of legal significance decided in the High Court of Tanzania. An average of 500 cases are reported yearly, touching on a wide range of civil and criminal topics and extensive coverage is given to customary and Islamic law as well as to principles of sentencing. Each issue contains an index of legal points raised in the cases reported. A cumulative index is published annually. Annual subscription rates are $io.oo or its equivalent.

Oxford University Colonial Records Project: Publication of Selected Papers THE Oxford University Colonial Records Project which has been engaged in collecting original materials relating to the political and administrative history of former British possessions in Africa, Asia, and elsewhere plans to inaugurate a series of edited publications. Scholars interested in submitting for publication edited texts from manuscripts in the Colonial Records collection and other collections in Oxford are invited to forward their inquiries to the Project's Director at the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, 21 St. Giles', Oxford.

A Bibliography of Primary Sources for Tanzania, i799-1899 (Books only) THIS bibliography, compiled by Dr. Andrew D. Roberts of the University of Zambia, is intended to be a complete list of books containing accounts, however brief, based on per- sonal observation during the nineteenth century in the mainland or islands of what is now Tanzania. Since most of the works listed are rare, an indication is given at the end of each entry of one or more libraries in which the book may be found. Cyclostyled copies of the bibliography have been sent to a number of librarians known to be interested in the field and the author hopes eventually to lhave it printed.



Africana on Microfil#m A aMICROFILM of the Taveta Chronicle, 895-1901, concerning the Taveta of Kenya, with an introduction by A. T. Matson, has recently been issued by Micro Methods Ltd., East Ards- ley, Wakefield, Yorkshire, in the African Studies Association of the United Kingdom ' Sources Relating to Africa' series. Africana reproduced by Micro Methods Ltd., include oral literature in African vernaculars, rare periodicals, rare linguistic material, newspapers in African vernaculars, rare British Official Publications, unpublished historical records, and collections of rare African pamphlets.

Forthcoming Bibliographic Publications of the African Section, Library of Congress THE African Section of the Library of Congress has recently compiled a guide to serial publications relating to Africa South of the Sahara and has four other bibliographic studies in preparation. Sub-Saharan Africa; A Guide to Serials, now in press and scheduled for publication in 970, records 4,670 periodicals in western languages or in African languages in the Roman alphabet. Some are not devoted entirely to Africa but carry relevant articles with sufficient regularity. Islam in Africa South of the Sahara; An Annotated Guide, scheduled for publication in late I970 or early I97I, will cover a selection of books and periodical articles on the political, social, economic, and cultural influence of Islam from the seventh century. Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland; A Guide to Offcial Publications of the Former High Com- mission Territories, 1 868-19 68, scheduled for publication in 970, includes documents of the territorial and national governments from the beginning of British suzerainty to 1968, when the last territory achieved its independence. French-Speaking Central Africa; A Guide to Official Publications, a selection of published documents issued by the former federation of French Equatorial Africa and by colonial and independent governments of Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Kinshasa), Gabon, and Rwanda, is scheduled for publication in late 1970 or early 1971. East Africa; A Guide to Offcial Publications of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda, publication planned for 1972, will include material on former British and German administrations as well as documents of the three national governments.

Ohio University Centerfor International Studies: Occasional Papers THE African Studies Program of the Center for International Studies, Ohio University is publishing a new Africa Series of Occasional Papers. The first six are now available and may be obtained from: Center for International Studies, 98 University Terrace, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 4570I, U.S.A.

Archives in East and Central Africa THE inaugural conference of the East and Central Africa Regional Branch of the Inter- national Council on Archives (EARBICA) was held in Nairobi from 9 to iI June I969. This is the second regional branch of the council and groups the following Member States: Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and the East African Community.

EARBICA's objectives, as set forth in the fourteen resolutions adopted in Nairobi, are: to establish, maintain, and strengthen relations between its Member States in the field of archives; to promote the preservation and protection of the archival heritage of the region; to publicize the use of archives and facilitate access to them; to promote and co-ordinate activities relating to archives; to sponsor training for archivists; to co-operate with other organizations or institutions concerned with documentation.

NOTES AND NEWS I69



170 NOTES AND NEWS

L'Association des Ecrivains de Langue Franfaise L'ADELF (Association des Ecrivains de Langue Fran~aise) a decerne le zi Novembre son Grand Prix Litteraire de l'Afrique Noire a Guy Menga du Service de l'Information du Congo-Brazzaville pour son roman La Palabre Sterile. Rappelons que parmi les Prix Lit- teraires decernes par 1'ADELF figurent notamment le Prix de Madagascar (dernier laureat le Pere de Meritens pour Le Livre de la sagesse malgache) et le Prix des Mascareignes (dernier laureat Auguste Toussaint, Conservateur des Archives de Maurice pour l'ensemble de son ceuvre). L'ADELF (38, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, Paris XIVe) qui regroupe quelques 600 ecrivains dont une centaine originaires d'Afrique et de Madagascar, a pour organe la revue Culture Franfaise (Abonnement Annuel 20 F).

Standardization of African Proper Names THE Department of History of the University College of Rhodesia, in consultation with the Department of African Languages, is working on a proposed standardization of proper names for use in Central African History, with listings of some variants used by earlier writers with little or no knowledge of the African languages concerned. Lists can be obtained on request from Mr. P. R. Warhurst.

NOTES FOR CONTRIBUTORS TO AFRICA

CONTRIBUTIONS should be addressed to the Editor. Articles should not exceed 8,000 words, including footnotes and references. Longer papers can be accepted in exceptional circum- stances if a subsidy can be provided to meet the cost of printing additional pages.

Articles should be typed in double spacing, on one side of the paper only, with ample margins to allow for editorial marking. Clean copy ready for printing should be provided. Authors are advised to keep a copy of their texts as the return cannot be guaranteed. Words in African languages should be underlined and special characters kept to a minimum. Footnotes may be placed at the bottom of the page on which they occur or all together at the end. Bibliographical references should be cited only briefly (i.e. author and date) in the text or in footnotes, and an alphabetical list of references given in full at the end of the article. Where appropriate the text should be divided by suitable headings and sub-headings. Tables outside the text should be typed on separate pages, numbered consecutively and given headings. Maps and other line drawings should be submitted in final form (except for size) on good-quality paper.

Contributors are asked to provide a summary of their articles of z5o-300 words for translation into French or English.

Galley proofs are submitted to authors but only essential corrections can be accepted; additional matter cannot be inserted at proof stage. The Editor reserves the right to make any corrections or alterations he may deem necessary.

Contributors receive 25 free offprints of their articles; extra copies can be supplied at cost price on request, if ordered before publication.



dr. r. e. bradbury

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