7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

1/69

THE NATIONAL RURAL

EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE

ACT (NREGA)SAURABH KUMAR C-48

PURANJAI KUMAR

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

2/69

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

3/69

LOGO

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

4/69

OBJECTIVE OF THE NREGA

To enhance livelihood security in rural areas by

providing at least 100 days of guaranteed wage

employment in a financial year to every householdwhose adult members volunteer to do unskilled

manual work .

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

5/69

NREGA - OverviewSalient Features

Employment to all those who are willing to work (100 days)

Unlimited supply of funds for this project

Free registration with a job guarantee within 15 days of application

At least 1/3rd of the employees must be women

Fixed minimum wage rate and no upper limit

Weekly disbursement of wages and delays not beyond a fortnight

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

6/69

Registration in writing or orally to the local GramPanchayat

The Gram Panchayat after due verification will issue a Job

Card The Job Card should be issued within 15 days of

application.

Employment will be given within 15 days of applicationfor work

Work should ordinarily be provided within 5 km radius ofthe village

Wages are to be paid according to the Minimum WagesAct 1948

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

7/69

NREGA GOALS

Empowerment of rural poor through theprocesses of a rights-based Law

Growth engine for sustainable development of

an agricultural economy.

Through the process of providing employment

on works that address causes of chronic poverty

such as drought, deforestation and soil erosion The natural resource base of rural livelihood and

create durable assets in rural areas

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

8/69

In its fourth year, NREGA has been rechristened after

Mahatma Gandhi in a move which marks Congresss

tribute to the Father of the Nation and is also expected

to stall rivals from appropriating its pro-poor flagshipscheme. Announcing the decision at a conference of

panchayat members to commemorate the birth

anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi on Friday, Prime

Minister Manmohan Singh called it apt as Gandhi heldthe concept of gram swaraj in high esteem. An

amendment will be tabled in the winter session of

Parliament to prefix NREGA with Mahatma Gandhi.

MGNREGA

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

9/69

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

10/69

Objective ofNREGA

Unemployment Sustained Development

Enhancement of

livelihood security of

households

Arrest rural migration

Create rural assets

Create livelihood

resource base

Restore environment

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/ad%20of%20nrega.mp4http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/ad%20of%20nrega.mp4

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

11/69

Expectations fromNREGA

Process

Outcomes

Streng then grass roo t

processes of democracy

Infu se transparency and

accountabi l i ty

in governance

Auxi l iary

Regenerate natural resou rce

base

of rural l ivel ihood fo r

sustainable

development

Primary

Supplement employment opportun i ties

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

12/69

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

13/69

COVERAGE

The Act was notified in 200 districts in the first phase with

effect from February 2nd 2006 and then extended to

additional 130 districts in the financial year 2007-2008

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

14/69

Phase I NREGA(200)

(Backward Districts ranked onbasis of agricultural wages,output per agricultural worker

and SCT/ST population of thedistrict)

Phase II NREGA(130)

Phase III NREGA(266)

NREGA COVERAGE(1st Nationwide employment scheme )

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

15/69

State and Local GovernmentState Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (REGS)

25 per cent of the cost of material and wages for semi-skilled/ skilled workers

Unemployment allowance if the state is unable toprovide employment within 15 days

Administrative expenses of the State EmploymentGuarantee Council

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

16/69

District PanchayatsStateGovernmentMinistry ofRural

Development

CentralEmployment

GuaranteeCouncil (CEGC)

Rural

EmploymentGuarantee

Scheme(REGS)

DistrictProgramme Co-

coordinator(DPC)

Gram Sabha(GS)

DistrictPanchayats

ProgrammeOfficer (PO)

IntermediatePanchayat (IP) OthersState

EmploymentGuarantee

Council

(SEGC)Gram

Panchayat (GP)

Other

Institutions

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

17/69

At least one-third beneficiaries shall be women who

have registered

Work site facilities such as crche, drinking water,

shade have to be provided

The shelf of projects for a village will berecommended by the gram sabha and approvedby

thezilla panchayat

At least 50% of works will be allotted to Gram

Panchayats for execution

A 60:40 wage and material ratio has to be

maintained. No contractors and machinery is

allowed

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

18/69

Key Stakeholders

i) Wage seekers

ii) Gram Sabha

iii) PRIs, specially the gram panchayat iv) Programme Officer at the block level

v) District Programme Coordinator

vi) State Government

vii) Ministry of Rural Development

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

19/69

The Gram Panchayats responsibility

i) Planning of works

ii) Receiving applications for registration

iii) Verifying registration applications

iv) Registering households

v) Issuing Job Card

vi) Receiving applications for employment

vii) Issuing dated receipts,

viii) Allotting employment within fifteen days of application

ix) Executing works

x) Maintaining recordsxi) Convening the Gram Sabha for social audit

x) Monitoring the implementation of the Scheme at the village level

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

20/69

Generation ofjob card

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/Presentation-NREGA.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/Presentation-NREGA.pdf

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

21/69

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

22/69

OUTCOMES

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/out%20come.xlshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/out%20come.xls

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

23/69

Demand for Employment met (until March

2007)

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000

3500000

AP

Ar.

P.

Assam

Bih

ar

C

hattis

garh

Guja

rat

Harayana

HP

J&K

Jharkh

and

K

aranataka

Kerala

MP

Maharashtra

Manip

ur

Megh

alaya

Miz

oram

Nagaland

Orissa

Punjab

Rajasth

an

Sikki

m TN

Trip

ura

Uttranch

al UP

WB

Employment Demanded: 2.12 crore HHs

Employment Provided: 2.10 crore HHs

Si ifi t I i P d

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

24/69

Significant Increase in Person-days

Generated1 2 3 4

Person-daysgenerated

SGRY in586

districts

(2005-06)

Average Person-daysper year in 586 distts:

(SGRY+ NFFWP)

. (2001-06)

NREGA in200 districts

(2006-07)

Total 82.18 83.3 90.4

Average per

District0.14 0.142 0.45

More than three times increase in employment generation per district

under NREGA

Primary Objective of NREGA to augment employment generation met

Person-days in crores

M j Sh f SC/ST HH i

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

25/69

Major Share of SC/ST HHs in

Employment

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

A.P

AR.PRADESH

ASSAM

BIHAR

GUJARAT

HARYANA H

.P

J&K

KARNATAKA

KERALA

M.P

MAHARASHTRA

MANIPUR

MEGHALAYA

MIZORAM

NAGALAND

ORISSA

PUNJAB

RAJASTHAN

SIKKIM

TAMILNADU

TRIPURA

U.P

W.BENGAL

CHHATTISGARH

JHARKHAND

UTTRANCHAL

SCs STs

Share of ST & SC >61. 77%

ST > 36.38%/SC > 25.39%

At least 1/3rd of the beneficiaries shall be women who have

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

26/69

WOMEN

40%

OTHERS

60%

At least 1/3rd of the beneficiaries shall be women who have

registered and requested for work under the Scheme

(NREGA ACT, Schedule II, Section 6)

Actualachievement

Better than

target

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

27/69

WOMEN40%Tamil Nadu (82%)

Rajasthan (69%)

Kerala (67%)

Andhra Pradesh (56

Karnataka (52%)

Gujarat (49%)

UP (15%)

J&K(1%)

Participation of Women

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

28/69

National average: 40%

Highest shares: Tamil Nadu81%

Rajasthan67%

Kerala66%

Andhra Pradesh55%

Lowest shares: 17% BiharUttar Pradesh

17% Himachal Pradesh12%4% Jammu & Kashmir

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

29/69

Share of Women in NREGA Employment

i ifi h f i kf

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

30/69

Significant Share of Women in Workforce

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

AP

Ar.P

Assam Biha

r

Cha

ttis

garh

Gujar

at

Haryan

aHP

J&K

Jharkh

and

Karanatak

a

Kerala

MP

Maharastr

a

Manipu

r

Miz

oram

Nagaland

Oriss

a

Punjab

Rajastha

n

Sikkim T

N

Tripur

aUP

Utt

rancha

l

WB

Employment provided to women [%age of total employment provided] upto MAR-2007

National Average

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

31/69

State wise performance

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/Contacts%20(1).xlshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/Contacts%20(1).xls

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

32/69

NREGA Progress

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

33/69

Date: July 12, 2006

Sl. No. State Districts Rural households Applications Job cards Employment provided No. of works Funds released

1 Andhra Pradesh 13 6104032 3954522 3954522 704101 22063 20000

2 Arunachal Pradesh 1 7905 45070 16256 272.85

3 Assam 7 923966 160897 104383 6990 534 13970.845

4 Bihar 23 8943456 2401836 1071522 505281 17619 40503.38

5 Chattisgarh 11 1792584 1696860 1534636 162480 9671 17321.726 Gujarat 6 1596636 604695 597028 73791 1716 4113.94

7 Harayana 2 304178 81489 76421 15573 288 913.39

8 Himachal Pradesh 2 167349 70084 62408 24848 2249 683.64

9 Jammu & Kashmir 3 319692 169038 65531 4127 283 986.365

10 Jharkhand 20 3806040 1755005 1171831 467832 9451 37618.59

11 Karanataka 5 1484815 572892 315412 118810 3678 6329.69

12 Kerala 2 603527 225133 2179.51

13 Madhya Pradesh 18 3890287 4281258 4144413 1804953 69783 93617.22

14 Maharashtra 12 3706706 4139778 1094659 183075 6152 17961.64515 Manipur 1 22299 45172 17880 570.89

16 Meghalaya 2 109577 2064.68

17 Mizoram 2 22828 41808 29016 298.9

18 Nagaland 1 48697 430.11

19 Orissa 19 3503354 2702290 1900553 563681 23559 31516.56

20 Punjab 1 237480 39318 33375 21284 976 755.75

21 Rajasthan 6 1461606 1443720 1423013 846263 13809 40000

22 Sikkim 1 7955 4696 4696 451.5

23 Tamil Nadu 6 1811557 541568 535519 82009 668 9889.21

24 Tripura 1 57709 62736 58114 16218 327 1456.66

25 Utttar Pradesh 22 9021545 1950901 1641250 466726 15627 33498.69

26 Uttranchal 3 211495 282182 176636 6206 1739 1910.6

27 West Bengal 10 7374151 3322241 1149145 495493 3305 18358.84

TOTAL 200 57541426 30595189 21178219 6569741 203497 397675.175

# In column applications are for registration of households

# Blank spaces in the table denote information not received from States

Index:

1. Funds released pertain to 2006-7 [in lakh Rs.]

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

34/69

Funds

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

35/69

Funds

NREGA 09 Budget Allocation -39,000 Cr.

Central Govt. provides only 75% of the material costs,

promoting labour intensive works in NREGA

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

36/69

Components of Expenditure

Material Cost

Tamilnadu and Mizoram have achieved

almost Zero expense on material

Orissa has high Material expenses owing to

royalties

Expenditure on Wages

Administrative expenses

Nagaland and Gujarat have high

administrative expenses

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

37/69

A Snapshot for 07-08

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

38/69

Payment through Smart cards

Based on new generation Near FieldCommunications (NFC) mobile phones;contact-less RFID smart cards and integratedbiometrics.

Alternate option of attaching fingerprintscanner + card reader to a PC or PoS.

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

39/69

T h l (M/ Fi )

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

40/69

Technology (M/s Fino)

Receipt lt Slot

Generation

Arrow Key

for starting

the device

Slot to insert

Operator /

Customer card

Slot to

Code

capture

thumb print

ASSETS CREATED UNDER NREGA

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

41/69

Type of WorkTotal works

taken (no.)

Works

completed

(no.)

Ongoing

Works

(no.) Benefit Created

Water Conservation

and Water Harvesting 266365 121921 144444

737 Lakh Cu Mt.of water storage capacity

through Digging new tanks/Ponds

,percolation tanks ,Small Check Dams

Flood Control and

Protection 17113 10206 6907

3 Lakh Km of Drainage in wager logged

areas through Construction & repair of

embankment

Micro Irrigation

Works 27682 12151 15531 .13 Lakh Km of canals

Provision of Irrigationfacility to Land

Owned by SC/ST 80794 27362 53432.16 Lakh Hectares of land provided with

irrigation facilities

Renovation of

Traditional Water

bodies 59924 25472 34452

481 Lakh Cu Mt. of water storage

capacity through desilting of tanks/ponds

,desilting of old canals ,Desilting of

traditional open wells

Land Development 88557 43370 451873.35 Lakh Hectares of land leveling &bunding

Drought Proofing 77305 30989 463163.45 Lakh Hectares of land Afforestation

and tree plantation

Rural Connectivity 179661 91244 88417 2.37 Lakh Km of Roads

AnyOther activity. 33537 20776 12761

TOTAL 830938 383491 447447

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

42/69

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

43/69

CommunityBuilding

Building Rural India

Regenerating Natural Resource Base of Rural Livelihood

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

44/69

g g

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

45/69

Community Building

WaterConservati

on- 51% of the works

undertaken

- Water Conservationand Water Harvesting

- Renovation ofTraditional WaterBodies

- Micro IrrigationalWorks

- Drought Proofing

Afforestation

-14% of the worksundertaken- AP and MP leadingin the forefront inthese activities

RuralConnectivi

ty- 17% of total worksundertaken

- UP, MP and Biharleading in the number

of works undertaken

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

46/69

Highest Priority to Water Conservation in choice of

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

47/69

54

10

1

11

4

Water Conservation

Provision of Irrigation facility toLand Owned bySC/ST

Rural Connectivity

Land Development

Any Other activity

Highest Priority to Water Conservation in choice of

works under NREGA

(54%)

(10%)

(21%)

(11%)

(4%)

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

48/69

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

49/69

Case : NREGA in Kerala

Highest literacy rate (90.86)

Very high rate of unemployment

Tendency to link literacy to employment (myth)

First implemented on 5th Feb 2006

Only in 4 districts (Palakkad, Waynad, Idukki andKasargod)

These districts had very low unemployment rate

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

50/69

Major features

Popularity of Trade Unions

Village Panchayats played the pivotal role with the

help of technical staffs

Effectiveness of Kudumbasree

Organized into Neighborhood group (NHG) AreaDevelopment Society (ADS) Community DevelopmentSociety (CDS)

ADS played a pivotal part in NREGA

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

51/69

Major features

Focus on eco-restoration works

Wages are paid directly to individual bankaccounts

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

52/69

Lag in the implementation (only 4/14 districts)

Problems

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

53/69

Problems

Minimal participation from SCs and STs One of the lowest

Strategy for Strengthening

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

54/69

Action InitiatedCentral Employment Guarantee Council (CEGC) setup. CEGC members actively involved in field visits,social audit along with the State Government,District officials: Jharkhand Ranchi, Lohardaga,Pulamao) Chattisgarh (Sarguja, Bilaspur). Proposedto cover other States: TN, MP, Orissa.

Executive Committee set up to expediteimplementation of Council decisions

Technical Secretariat to bring in multi -disciplinaryprofessional expertise outside Government systemsto provide resource support to the Ministry in criticalareas, inter alia Works design, National Data

System, Social audit, Monitoring evaluation

Strategy for Strengthening

Management Support to NREGA

N d t d t Mi i M d t t

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

55/69

Need to adopt a Mission Mode to supportimplementation

Strengthening of Programme Division in the Ministry

National Programme Coordinator

Adequate Officers for close monitoring and

supervision

National Data Centre

Key FunctionsConformity to statutory processes

Grievance Redressal

Follow up with States

MADHYA PRADESH Sidhi

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

56/69

MADHYA PRADESH, Sidhi

(Jatropha Plantation - Nursery)

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

57/69

Qualitative monitoring and

studies by professionalinstitutions*Five institutions of repute identified to

undertake studies in 12 States

Report to be submitted in 90 days

Covering roughly 10 villages over 2 blocksand 20 households to be covered in eachvillage

D t il f I tit ti

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

58/69

58

Details of Institutions

Indian

Institute ofWomensStudies

Centre for

Budget &GovernanceAccountability

IIM Bangalore Institute of

HumanDevelopment

Centre forDevelopment

Alternatives

Objective Analyse womenaccess toNREGA, assess

State Schemes,document labourmarketconditions, assistdesign gendersensitive works.

Monitorimplementationof NREGA,

identifyimplementationchallenges facedby State Gov,Local admn andPRIs, increaseawareness of

NREGA,

Identify Practicalissues ofimplementation,

managementand coordinationthrough quicksurveys at theworksites,village,conformity with

Act & Guidelines

Processdocumentation;assess impact of

NREGA onwages,employment,durableassets;policy,recommendations; sensitise

stakeholders

Suggestivecorrectivemeasures,

assess strengthsand weaknessesin Schemes

Coverage 2 distts ofOrissa,Maharashtra, TN, WB

1 distt. In AP, 2each inChattisgarh,Jharkhand, MP

1 in AP and 1 inKarnataka

6 districts ofBihar

6 districts ofGujarat

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

59/69

ACTION TO BE TAKEN

Road Ahead

(Self Help Group at Nursery under NREGS,

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

60/69

Chattisgarh)

Initial Positive Trends

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

61/69

Initial Positive Trends

Financial Inclusion: Savings accounts of wage earners in

Banks/Post Offices in some States: AP( more than 20.00 lakhPost Office Accounts), Karnataka ( entire Gulbarga NREGworkforce with Bank Accounts) , Jharkhand, TN

Insurance of wage earners in some districts: Pakur, Gumla,

Ranchi ( Jharkhand)

Developing Literacy skills among wage earners (Raichur inKarnataka)

Convergence with other development programmes: Jetropha( Chattisgarh, MP) Forest Nurseries ( Udaipur in Rajasthan,Khandwa in MP)

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

62/69

Linkages with Development Programmes:

National Rural Health Mission: ASHA for awareness

generation about NREGA and health among NREGA

workforceNational Literacy Mission: Prerak of Literacy Programmes

for mobilising workforce and developing literacy skills in

NREGA workforce

Linkages with other Livelihood and Infrastructure initiatives

Horticultural ProjectsWatershed Management

Income Generation Projects to enable workers to move

from wage employment to self-sustaining employment: eg.

Tank excavation with pisciculture development by SHGs

Linkages with other Development

Initiatives

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

63/69

Increasing NREGA workers security thresholds by

extending cover of various life and health insuranceschemes

Act provides Rs 25000 compensation for death on

work site

Aim is to extend insurance cover beyond worksite to the

whole family.

Discussion on with LIC.

Insurance for NREGA workers

O i S i A t f

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

64/69

Opening Savings Accounts of

Wage-earners. Savings Accounts of workers in Banks and Post

offices to ensure greater transparency in wagepayment and encourage thrift and small savings

Dept of Posts has indicated need to strengthen itsSub Post office/ Branch Post Office throughcomputerisation of Sub Post office

Service charge proposed by Dept of Posts foropening wage earners accounts - matter still underdiscussion

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

65/69

Progress Report

Implementation & Effectiveness of NREGA

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

66/69

p

Highest ever allocation of Rs 39,100 Cr

About 4.19 Cr rural households provided jobs

Improved employment per rural household, share owomen in workforce, expenditure per district, share ofwages in total expenditure

Decreased % of STs benefiting from NREGAIncrease in daily wages by whopping 15%Improved utilization of funds from 73% to 80%

source -Times of india 28-01-2010

33lakh works generated in 619 districts

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

67/69

Major progresses after 2007Total corruption free implementation Panchayats took the responsibility seriously Implemented the programme very fast

Effectiveness of Kudumbasree system Community of poor people

Created a feeling of unity among them Doing work for their localities created an

urgency

Achievements

Constraints

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

68/69

Constraints Processes: Unintended Hierarchical roles assumed by

PRIS in approving plan of works in NREGA in some states

o Causes delay in work plan approvals by District andIntermediate Panchayats as reported by State RDSecretaries of Bihar, UP

o Superceding priorities of Gram Sabha and GramPanchayats reported in several states

o Legacy mindset of SGRY and tendency to followAllocation based instead of Demand driven approach

Delivery Systems: No PRIS in Jharkhand createsproblems of institutional delivery at the most criticallevel.

Recruitment of Personnel by States has taken time insome States due to election processes

7/28/2019 26662266-NREGA-ACT

69/69