arahan penyediaan fasilitas pelayanan kota di daerah urban sprawl surabaya
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7/23/2019 Arahan Penyediaan Fasilitas Pelayanan Kota di Daerah Urban Sprawl Surabaya
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arahan-penyediaan-fasilitas-pelayanan-kota-di-daerah-urban-sprawl-surabaya 1/25
E{ecem _jm~janeem Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem @iqe an Aej{ec Z{kem \p{exd \z{eke~e
Fjqiaidihn _jmjdnqnem
E[ECEM _JM^JANEEM BE\NDNQE\ _JDE^EMEM
@IQE AN AEJ[EC Z[KEM \_[EXD \Z[EKE^E
Idjc 7
Ednbneme Cebnanem [- <2?> 5?? ?5;
\n C dnq <2?> 5?? ?5<
7/23/2019 Arahan Penyediaan Fasilitas Pelayanan Kota di Daerah Urban Sprawl Surabaya
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\n|le Cjmdnqe <2?> 5?? ?5<
E{ecem _jm~janeem Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem @iqe an Aej{ec Z{kem \p{exd \z{eke~e
KEK N
_JMAECZDZEM
5-5 Deqe{ Kjde`emh
@iqe anajbnmn|n`em |jkehen |zeqz xnde~ec ~emh ae{n qeczm `j qeczm fjmhedefn pj{qzfkzcem
aem pj{`jfkemhem ~emh lz`zp pj|eq- _j{`jfkemhem `iqe ann{nmhn ajmhem gzfdec pjmazaz` ~emh
e`em qj{z| fjmnmh`eq |jaemh`em gzfdec decem pj{`iqeem e`em |jfe`nm fjm~z|zq- Ced nmn eaedec
|n`dz| edefn ae{n pj{`jfkemhem `iqe- \edec |eqz bjmifjme ~emh fzmlzd aedef p{i|j| qzfkzcm~e
`iqe eaedec bjmifjme z{kem |p{exd$ ~enqz pj{dze|em `exe|em pj{`iqeem- Fjmz{zq Ajrn{e #;??3.$
fjmgjde|`em kecxe pj{dze|em `exe|em pj{`iqeem qj{gean |jle{e qj{z|&fjmj{z| an `exe|em |j`nqe{
pz|eq `iqe eqez `iqe nmaz` an`e{jme`em `jqj{|janeem decem ~emh |jfe`nm qj{keqe| an pz|eq `iqe-
Ajfema eqez pj{fnmqeem ~emh qnmhhn ajmhem |zppd~ decem ~emh qj{keqe| fjm~jkek`em kne~e
|jfe`nm qnmhhn$ |jcnmhhe fjmhe`nkeq`em pjmazaz` zmqz` fjfndnc qjfpeq qnmhhed an `exe|em
pnmhhn{em #|zk&z{kem.-
Hjgede z{kem |p{exd an |zeqz xnde~ec |emheq qj{`enq ajmhem z{kemn|e|n$ ~emh |jle{e zfzf
kj{e{qn pjmh`iqeem #p{i|j| fjmgean `iqe.- Eaepzm pj{fz`nfem ~emh fjmhedefn p{i|j|
pjmh`iqeem eaedec pj{fz`nfem {z{ed- \jdemgzqm~e$ `iqe&`iqe qj{|jkzq qzfkzc fjdze|$ aej{ecpnmhhn{em ~emh |jfzde kj{zpe aej{ec pj{aj|eem jfzanem kj{zkec fjmgean `iqe-
Bjmifjme z{kem |p{exd kne|em~e qj{gean peae `iqe&`iqe kj|e{ |jpj{qn Ge`e{qe$ \z{eke~e aem
Kemazmh- \edec |eqz bjmifjme qj{|jkzq qj{gean an `exe|em \z{eke~e Fjq{ipidnqem E{je #\FE.
~emh qj{an{n ae{n @iqe \z{eke~e |jkehen `iqe nmqnm~e |j{qe @ekzpeqjm \naie{gi$ Kemh`edem$ aem
H{j|n` |jkehen xnde~ec pnmhhn{emm~e- @ekzpeqjm \naie{gi fj{zpe`em aej{ec |p{exdnmh `iqe
\z{eke~e ~emh qj{an{n ae{n @jlefeqem Xe{z$ @jlefeqem \jaeqn$ @jlefeqem Hjaemhem$ aem
@jlefeqem Qefem Eaem~e pjfj`e{em `iqe an |zk z{kem `iqe \z{eke~e anqemaen ajmhem hjgede
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E{ecem _jm~janeem Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem @iqe an Aej{ec Z{kem \p{exd \z{eke~e
ajmhem bzmh|n `jhneqem pj{fz`nfem$ nmaz|q{n aem pj{aehemhem |`ede di`ed$ {jhnimed$ aem
nmqj{me|nimed-
Fjmz{zq [jrn|n [Q[X @ekzpeqjm \naie{gi qeczm ;??3&;?;3$ dze|em decem zmqz` be|ndnqe|
pjde~emem `iqe an @jlefeqem Xe{z |jkj|e{ :1$215 Ce ae{n qiqed `j|jdz{zcem dze| decem ~emh eae-
Eaem~e pjmhjfkemhem xnde~ec an @jlefeqem Xe{z nmn anqemaen ajmhem kem~e`m~e pj{fz`nfem
~emh eae an @jlefeqem Xe{z- Mefzm$ kem~e`m~e pj{fz`nfem ~emh eae qnae` annfkemhn ajmhem
pjm~janeem be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe-
_eae zfzfm~e pj{fz`nfem ~emh peaeq fjmhnman`e|n`em qzmqzqem `jkzqzcem ~emh qnmhhn
e`em be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe- Ced nmn an|jkek`em |jqnep pjmazaz` fjfkzqzc`em |e{eme ~emh
fefpz fjfbe|ndnqe|n |jhede e`qnrnqe| aedef `j|jce{nemm~e- Be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe ~emhanfe`|za fjdnpzqn be|ndnqe| pjmanan`em$ be|ndnqe| `j|jceqem aem be|ndnqe| pj{aehemhem- _j{m~eqeem
nmn |j|zen ajmhem pjmaepeq Qe{nhem #;??:. ~emh fjmheqe`em kecxe `jqj{|janeem be|ndnqe|
pjmanan`em$ be|ndnqe| `j|jceqem aem be|ndnqe| pj{aehemhem |jpj{qn pe|e{ aem pj{qi`iem$ fj{zpe`em
be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe ~emh fjmlnpqe`em ae~e qe{n` kehn |jkzec `iqe-
Fjmz{zq Depi{em Be`qe aem Emedn|e [AQ[@ @jlefeqem Xe{z Qeczm ;?5?$ be|ndnqe|
pjmanan`em an @jlefeqem Xe{z ~emh eae peae |eeq nmn kj{gzfdec 5>; zmnq ~emh qj{an{n ae{n Q@
|jkem~e` >? zmnq$ \A)FN |jkem~e` 21 zmnq$ \F_)FQ| |jkem~e` ;; zmnq aem \FZ)FE |jkem~e` 52 zmnq- Be|ndnqe| pjmanan`em qj{|jkzq djknc anaifnme|n idjc |j`idec |xe|qe- \jfjmqe{e nqz
pjm~janeem be|ndnqe| `j|jceqem |jpj{qn {zfec |e`nq aem {zfec kj{|ednm$ djknc fjmgean ae~e qe{n`
kehn fe|~e{e`eq zmqz` fjde`z`em liffzqnmh- @jaze gjmn| be|ndnqe| `j|jceqem ~emh fj{zpe`em
pjde~emem `j|jceqem p{nfj{ qj{|jkzq fj{zpe`em be|ndnqe| ~emh |emheq ankzqzc`em idjc |jkehnem
kj|e{ fe|~e{e`eq |j{qe fjfndn`n mnden |q{eqjhn| #\z`{im$ ;??>.- [zfec |e`nq an @jlefeqem Xe{z
qj{aepeq ; zmnq$ |jaemh`em zmqz` {zfec kj{|ednm qj{aepeq < zmnq- \jdenm nqz$ be|ndnqe| pj{aehemhem
~emh qj{an{n ae{n pe|e{ aem pj{qi`iem gzhe fjfndn`n ae~e qe{n` kehn `iqe Be|ndnqe| pj{aehemhem an
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E{ecem _jm~janeem Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem @iqe an Aej{ec Z{kem \p{exd \z{eke~e
pjfjmzcem pjfkemhzmem e`em |e{eme fezpzm p{e|e{eme fj{zpe`em |jkzec `jkzqzcem zmqz`
fjfjmzcn `jkzqzcem ae|e{ femz|ne$ ken` aedef dnmh`zp |i|ned fezpzm j`imifn-
Fjdnceq eaem~e `jqj{hemqzmhem @jlefeqem Xe{z qj{ceaep @iqe \z{eke~e aedef ced
fjfpj{idjc pjde~emem be|ndnqe| `iqe$ fjmemae`em kecxe pjm~janeem be|ndnqe| `iqe an @jlefeqem
Xe{z fe|nc ankzqzc`em zmqz` fjfjmzcn `jkzqzcem pjmazaz` `exe|emm~e ~emh kn|e anpe|qn`em
e`em qj{z| fjmnmh`eq- Kj{ae|e{`em pjmgjde|em ~emh qjdec angeke{`em |jkjdzfm~e$ aepeq an`jqeczn
kecxe fe|nc anpj{dz`em pjfjmzcem be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe an @jlefeqem Xe{z- _jfjmzcem nmn
qjqep fjfpj{qnfkemh`em an|q{nkz|n be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe ~emh |j|zen ajmhem p{jbj{jm|n
fe|~e{e`eq- Ced qj{|jkzq anqzgz`em zmqz` fjfe|qn`em kecxe qnep `exe|em an @jlefeqem Xe{z
kjme{&kjme{ qj{de~emn- Idjc `e{jme nqz$ @jlefeqem Xe{z fjfj{dz`em e{ecem qj{`enq pjm~janeembe|ndnqe| `iqe kj{ae|e{`em p{jbj{jm|n pjmazaz` an|eme$ |jcnmhhe qj{gean `j|j|zenem emqe{e
`jkzqzcem ajmhem pjm~janeem aedef pjfkemhzmem `iqe- Hefke{em ae{n `jeaeeem pjm~janeem
be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe an @jlefeqem Xe{z qj{|jkzq fj{zpe`em qnqn` exed anpj{dz`emm~e z|ece
zmqz` fjm~z|zm e{ecem pjm~janeem be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe |j|zen ajmhem `jkzqzcem pjmazaz`
an @jlefeqem Xe{z |jkehen aej{ec z{kem |p{exd @iqe \z{eke~e-
5-; [zfz|em Fe|edecKj{ae|e{`em be`qe `jpeaeqem pjmazaz` ~emh lz`zp qnmhhn aem `iman|n pj{|jke{em be|ndnqe|
pjde~emem `iqe an @jlefeqem Xe{z$ an|q{nkz|n be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe an @jlefeqem Xe{z fe|nc
`z{emh ipqnfed- @jlefeqem Xe{z ~emh fj{zpe`em aej{ec z{kem |p{exd @iqe \z{eke~e e`em
fjmhedefn pj{`jfkemhem `iqe$ anfeme aedef `iman|n qj{|jkzq ce{z| annfkemhn ajmhem
`jkzqzcem pjmhjfkemhem be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe-
@z{emh ipqnfedm~e be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe an @jlefeqem Xe{z nmn anqemaen ajmhem eaem~e
`jhneqem liffzqnmh eqe mhdegz `j \ {eke e emh ande` `em idjc fe| e{e`eq @jlefeqem Xe{
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E{ecem _jm~janeem Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem @iqe an Aej{ec Z{kem \p{exd \z{eke~e
:
Hefke{ 5-5
_jqe [zemh Dnmh`zp Xnde~ec \qzan
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E{ecem _jm~janeem Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem @iqe an Aej{ec Z{kem \p{exd \z{eke~e
5-1-; [zemh Dnmh`zp _jfkece|em
Dnmh`zp pjfkece|em pjmjdnqnem nmn anbi`z|`em peae be`qi{&be`qi{ ~emh
fjfpjmhe{zcn pjm~janeem be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe an @jlefeqem Xe{z- \jdemgzqm~e
fjmhnajmqnbn`e|n `jkzqzcem be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe kj{ae|e{`em p{jbj{jm|n fe|~e{e`eq
aem fjmhemedn|e pjmndenem `nmj{ge be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe an @jlefeqem Xe{z- \jqjdec
nqz fj{zfz|e`em an|q{nkz|n be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe an @jlefeqem Xe{z-
5-1-< [zemh Dnmh`zp \zk|qem|n
Demae|em qji{n eqez `im|jp ~emh kj{pjmhe{zc peae pjmjdnqnem nmn fjdnpzqn qji{n
|q{z`qz{ {zemh `iqe aem an|q{nkz|n be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe-
5-: Fembeeq _jmjdnqnem
Fembeeq ~emh nmhnm anlepen aedef pjmjdnqnem nmn fjdnpzqn7
5- Fembeeq Qji{nqn|
Fembeeq qji{nqn| ae{n pjmjdnqnem nmn eaedec zmqz` fjfkj{n`em fe|z`em |qzan qj{ceaep
knaemh ndfz pj{jmlemeem xnde~ec aem `iqe qj{`enq |q{z`qz{ {zemh `iqe$ `cz|z|m~e aedef
pjm~janeem be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe an aej{ec z{kem |p{exd- ;- Fembeeq _{e`qn|
Fembeeq p{e`qn| ~emh ance{ep em ae{n pjmjdnqnem nmn eaedec fjfkj{n`em
{j`ifjmae|n `jpeae pjfj{nmqec @ekzpeqjm \naie{gi$ `cz|z|m~e @jlefeqem Xe{z aedef
pjm~z|zmem `jknge`em kj{zpe e{ecem pjm~janeem be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe |jkehen zpe~e
pjfjmzcem `jkzqzcem be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe an @jlefeqem Xe{z aedef fjmemhhepn
bjmifjme z{kem |p{exd-
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E{ecem _jm~janeem Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem @iqe an Aej{ec Z{kem \p{exd \z{eke~e
KEK NN
QNMGEZEM _Z\QE@E
;-5 Z{kem \p{exd
Z{kem |p{exd fj{zpe`em p{i|j| pj{jfkjqem `jmefpe`em bn|n` `iqe `j e{ec dze{ #^zmz|$
;???.- _j{n|qnxe pj{jfkjqem `jmefpe`em bn|n` nmn qj{gean `jqn`e `jkzqzcem e`em {zemh an
pj{`iqeem kj|e{ mefzm qnae` ann`zqn ajmhem `jqj{|janem {zemh an aedef `iqe$ |jcnmhhe
fjm~jkek`em pjmhefknd edncem decem mim z{kem idjc pjmhhzmeem decem z{kem an aej{ec
pnmhhn{em `iqe-
Be`qi{ ~emh fjmai{imh qj{geanm~e p{i|j| pj{jfkjqem `jmefpe`em bn|n` `j`iqeem `j e{ec dze{#Z{kem \p{exd. emqe{e denm anpjmhe{zcn idjc hj{e` |jmq{nbzhed- Anfeme hj{e` |jmq{nbzhed nmn
fjmai{imh hj{e` `jdze{ ae{n pjmazaz` aem {jdi`e|n z|ecem~e$ dedz qj{gean an|pj{|n `jhneqem
femz|ne aem {jdi`e|n |j`qi{&|j`qi{ aem wime&wime `iqe- Qj{aepeq jmef ced ~emh fjmai{imh hj{e`
|jmq{nbzhed #^zmz|$ ;??2. ~enqz7
5- Eaem~e hemhhzem ~emh kj{zdemh |jpj{qn feljqm~e dedz dnmqe|$ pidz|n aem hemhhzem kzm~n
fjmgean`em pjmazaz` `iqe fj{e|e qe` jme` kj{qjfpeq qnmhhed aem kj`j{ge an `iqe-
;- Nmaz|q{n fiaj{m an `iqe fjfj{dz`em decem&decem ~emh {jdeqnb `i|imh an pnmhhn{em `iqeanfeme anfzmh`nm`em pjfz`nfem ~emh qe` peaeq pjmhczmnm~e$ `jdemle{em dedz dnmqe|
`jmae{eem `jfzanem pe{`n{ fiknd-
<- \jxe decem ~emh gezc djknc fz{ec gn`e ankemanmh`em ajmhem an qjmhec `iqe-
1- Hjazmh&hjazmh kj{qnmh`eq an qjmhec `iqe qe` fzmh`nm dehn anpj{dze|$ nmn kj{de`z gzhe
zmqz` pj{nmaz|q{nem$ `jlzedn ajmhem kne~e ~emh |emheq qnmhhn-
:- _j{zfecem an aedef `iqe peae zfzfm~e |j{ke |jfpnq$ `zfzc aem qe` |jceq$ |jkedn`m~e
c c a q ank an d ` q a q an c ` d a c q
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E{ecem _jm~janeem Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem @iqe an Aej{ec Z{kem \p{exd \z{eke~e
e- @zfpzdem ae{n pjde~emem ge|e qj{fe|z` an aedefm~e pj{aehemhem$ pjfj{nmqecem$
`jzemhem ~emh ljmaj{zmh qj{an|q{nkz|n |jle{e kj{`jdifpi` aedef pz|eq pjde~emem-
k- @zfpzdem ae{n nmaz|q{n |j`zmaj{ #femzbe`qz{. pj{hzaemhem aem pj{aehemhem h{i|n{ ~emh
ljmaj{zmh zmqz` kj{`zfpzd peae |zeqz qjfpeq-
l- Dnmh`zmhem pj{fz`nfem |jkehen qjfpeq qnmhhed ae{n femz|ne aem {zemh qj{kz`e cngez-
a- Ge{nmhem q{em|pi{qe|n ~emh fjmhczkzmh`em pjde~emem ge|e$ |j`zmaj{ #femzbe`qz{.
pj{hzaemhem aem pj{aehemhem$ aem pj{fz`nfem-
Fjmz{zq \nmzdnmhhe #;??:75?<&5?:.$ kjmqz` |q{z`qz{ {zemh `iqe epeknde anqnmgez ae{n pz|eq
pjde~emem #{jqend. qj{kehn fjmgean kjkj{epe pj{`jfkemhem ~enqz 7
5- Fimiljmq{nl lnq~ eaedec `iqe ~emh kjdzf kj{`jfkemh pj|eq$ gzfdec pjmazaz`m~e kjdzfkem~e`$ aem cem~e fjfpzm~en |eqz pz|eq pjde~emem ~emh |j`ednhz| kj{bzmh|n |jkehen
LKA #Ljmq{ed Kz||nmj| An|q{nlq .-
;- _id~ljmq{nl lnq~ eaedec pj{`jfkemhem `iqe fjmhe`nkeq`em pjde~emem idjc |eqz pz|eq
pjde~emem qnae` jbn|njm dehn- @iqe&`iqe ~emh kj{qefkec kj|e{ fjfkzqzc`em djknc ae{n
|eqz pz|eq pjde~emem ~emh gzfdecm~e qj{hemqzmh peae gzfdec pjmazaz` `iqe- Bzmh|n
pjde~emem LKA anefknd ednc idjc pz|eq pjde~emem ke{z ~emh anmefe`em |zk pz|eq `iqe
#{jhnimed ljmq{j. eqez pz|eq kehnem xnde~ec `iqe- \jfjmqe{e nqz$ LKA |jle{e kj{emh|z{&emh|z{ kj{zkec ae{n pz|eq pjde~emem {jqend #jlj{em. fjmgean `ifpdj`| `jhneqem
pj{`emqi{em `ifj{|ned ~emh ae~e gemh`ezem pjde~ememm~e aepeq fjmle`zp kz`em
xnde~ec `iqe |ege$ qjqepn xnde~ec |j`jdndnmh `iqe ~emh an|jkzq gzhe xnde~ec pjmhe{zc `iqe-
Eaepzm fiajd |q{z`qz{ {zemh epeknde andnceq kj{ae|e{`em pz|eq&pz|eq pjde~emem #\nmzdnmhhe$
;??:. ~enqz 7
5- Fimi ljmqj{ja
Q an n a n q q a k k k q qna ` dn q c k q k
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E{ecem _jm~janeem Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem @iqe an Aej{ec Z{kem \p{exd \z{eke~e
;-< Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem @iqe
Be|ndnqe| eaedec |jhede |j|zeqz ~emh anmnden |jkehen |e{eme zmqz` fjmlepen qzgzem qj{qjmqz
eqez zmqz` pjfjmzcem `jkzqzcem qj{qjmqz #Fnqlcjdd$ 5>2>$ aedef Emme$ ;?5?.- Be|ndnqe|
pjde~emem `iqe ~emh ankzqzc`em fe|~e{e`eq aedef dnmh`zmhem |zeqz `iqe fjdnpzqn be|ndnqe|
pjmanan`em$ `j|jceqem$ pj{aehemhem aem ge|e$ pjfj{nmqecem aem pjde~emem zfzf$ pj{nkeaeqem$
{j`{je|n aem `jkzae~eem$ idec{ehe aem depemhem qj{kz`e$ [zemh Qj{kz`e Cngez #[QC. aem
fe`ef |j{qe be|ndnqe| pjmzmgemh `jhneqem |i|ned denmm~e an `exe|em pj{`iqeem-
Fjmz{zq Qe{nhem #;??:.$ qj{aepeq kjkj{epe be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe ~emh qnae` an{ehz`em dehn
fjmlnpqe`em ae~e qe{n` kehn |jkzec `iqe$ fn|edm~e pe|e{ #qj{fe|z` qi`i |j{ke eae eqez |xede~em
aem `ifpdj`| pj{qi`iem ){z`i.$ be|ndnqe| pjmanan`em aem be|ndnqe| `j|jceqem- E`em qjqepn$ lz`zpkem~e` be|ndnqe| denm ~emh eae an pj{`iqeem ~emh gzhe fjfndn`n ae~e qe{n` aem epeknde qnae`
ankeqe|n e`em fjfkzeq aebqe{ be|ndnqe| fjmgean |emheq pemgemh- Be|ndnqe| denm fn|edm~e pj{kem`em$
epiqj`$ miqe{n|$ pjmhele{e$ pj{`emqi{em aem denm&denm- Epeknde annmhnm`em |jfze be`qi{ denm aepeq
anfe|z``em aedef emedn|n|$ qjqepn kn|e gzhe an|jaj{ceme`em ajmhem cem~e fjfe|z``em qnhe
be`qi{ zqefe qj{|jkzq- _jm~j{ajcemeem nmn anae|e{`em eqe| e|zf|n kecxe kem~e` be|ndnqe| denm
kj{kemanmh |jle{e p{ipi{|nimed ajmhem gzfdec pjmazaz` `iqe |jcnmhhe ajmhem fjfe|z``em
be`qi{ gzfdec pjmazaz` `iqe fe`e be`qi{ denm nqz anemhhep qj{xe`ndn-Kj{n`zq pjmgjde|em djknc demgzq fjmhjmen kjkj{epe be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe ~emh qnae`
an{ehz`em dehn fjmlnpqe`em ae~e qe{n` kehn |jkzec `iqe 7
5 Be|ndnqe| _j{aehemhem
Be|ndnqe| pj{aehemhem fjmz{zq Emi{ehe aedef Cj{dnemn #;??<7 2. eaedec qjfpeq
kj{e`qnrnqe|m~e pjfkjdnem ke{emh ajmhem fe`|za zmqz` angzed `jfkedn `jpeae pjaehemh
denm$ `im|zfjm eqez e`cn{ pjfe`en nmaz|q{n- Kjmqz` be|ndnqe| pj{aehemhem aepeq kj{zpe
pe|e{ fiaj{m #fedd.$ pe|e{ h{i|n{ aem {jqend fiaj{m #Hnemq$ C~pj{fe{q$ Le{{jbiz{.$ pe|e{
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E{ecem _jm~janeem Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem @iqe an Aej{ec Z{kem \p{exd \z{eke~e
kem`$ `dnmn` aem {zfec |e`nq `jlnd$ |j`idec fjmjmhec$ gedem e{qj{n$ dn|q{n`$ pnpe en{$ pj{|efpecem$
q{em|pi{qe|n$ qj{fnmed$ dzfkzmh)hzaemh$ be|ndnqe| pjf{i|j|em fe`emem$ qjdjpim$ `emqi{ pidn|n$
`emqi{ pi|$ pjfeaef `jke`e{em$ aem pjde~emem `jefemem-
Kj{ae|e{`em z{enem fjmhjmen be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe aneqe|$ fe`e aedef pjmjdnqnem nmn aepeq
an`eqe`em kecxe be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe ~emh fjmgean ae~e qe{n` |zeqz `iqe emqe{e denm$ be|ndnqe|
pjmanan`em$ be|ndnqe| `j|jceqem aem be|ndnqe| pj{aehemhem- Ajmhem `eqe denm$ be|ndnqe|&be|ndnqe|
qj{|jkzq fjmgean be|ndnqe| zfzf zqefe kehn |jkzec `iqe-
;-1 An|q{nkz|n Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem @iqe
Kj{`jfkemhm~e `jeaeem |i|ned j`imifn fe|~e{e`eq ajmhem |jman{nm~e e`em fjfpjmhe{zcnqzmqzqem fe|~e{e`eq qj{ceaep ke{emh aem ge|e$ fjm~jkek`em `iqe qj{|jkzq fjmgean kj{`jfkemh-
Fjmz{zq Lceppnm aem @en|j{ #5>8>. aedef ^zanq{nmz{lec~i #;??:.$ |edec |eqz be`qi{ ~emh
fjfpjmhe{zcn pide eqez |q{z`qz{ qeqe hzme qemec eaedec an|q{nkz|n be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe-
Be|ndnqe| `iqe |jdenm fefpz fjfkjmqz` |q{z`qz{ bn|n` `iqe$ gzhe ankzqzc`em |jkehen xeaec
e`qnrnqe| ken` j`imifn fezpzm |i|ned |jce{n&ce{n kehn fe|~e{e`eq |jqjfpeq #Fi{{n| aedef Anqe
;??8.- \jdenm nqz$ fjmz{zq Zmnqja Meqnim| #5>8>. aedef Anqe #;??8. fjmgjde|`em kecxe be|ndnqe|
~emh ce{z| qj{|jane aedef |zeqz `iqe anemqe{em~e eaedec be|ndnqe|7 pjmanan`em$ j|jceqem$
`j|jgecqj{eem$ idec {ehe$ `jehefeem$ {j`{je|n$ `jkzae~eem$ eafnmn|q{e|n$ `jefemem$ `ifj{|ned$
`jzemhem$ pj{qemnem$ pjqj{me`em$ nmaz|q{n$ q{em|pi{qe|n$ pi| aem qjdj`ifzmn`e|n$ pj{zfecem$
pj{|efpecem$ a{enme|j$ dn|q{n`$ |j{qe gedem-
Aedef an|q{nkz|n be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe ce{z| fjfpj{ceqn`em kjkj{epe ced$ emqe{e denm
pj{dzm~e fj{nmln {zemh dnmh`zp pjde~emem$ gzfdec aem `zednqe| be|ndnqe| zmqz` fe|nmh&fe|nmh
`jdifpi` zfz{$ `jkzqzcem {zemh$ aem denm |jkehenm~e- _jmaj`eqemm~e ande`z`em eqe| |eqzem
pjmazaz` ~emh aepeq fjmaz`zmh eaem~e be|ndnqe| qj{|jkzq-
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E{ecem _jm~janeem Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem @iqe an Aej{ec Z{kem \p{exd \z{eke~e
;??> aedef Hidem~$ 5>82.- \jdenm nqz fjmz{zq pemaemhem _{nczqifi #5>33. aedef Ajrn{e
#;??3.$ be`qi{&be`qi{ aifnmem ~emh kj{`enqem ajmhem di`e|n aedef pjmhhzmeem decem an aej{ec
z{kem |p{exd$ ~enqz be`qi{ e`|j|nkndnqe| aem be`qi{ pj{emh`zqem- Qj{aepeq pzde pemaemhem denmfjmz{zq \z{~i`z|zfi #;??3. aedef Xec~z #;?5;. ~emh fjm~eqe`em kecxe qj{aepeq be`qi{ ~emh
fjfpjmhe{zcn djfecm~e pjm~janeem nmb{e|q{z`qz{ #|edec |eqzm~e be|ndnqe| `iqe. ~enqz be`qi{
jbj`qnrnqe| aem jbn|njm|n- Jbj`qnrnqe| fjfbi`z|`em peae qnmh`eq pjmlepenem qj{ceaep qzgzem ae{n
i{hemn|e|n pzkdn`$ qnmh`eq pjde~emem$ aem aj{egeq `jpze|em fe|~e{e`eq$ ~emh `j|jfzem~e
fj{zpe`em |edec |eqz z`z{em jbj`qnrnqe|- \jaemh`em zmqz` jbn|njm|n djknc fjdj`eq peae zpe~e
i{hemn|e|n pjfj{nmqec zmqz` fjmhcjfeq |zfkj{ ae~e pzkdn` ~emh anqnqnp`em `jpeaem~e-
;-2 \nmqj|e Qnmgezem _z|qe`e
\nmqj|e qji{n fjmgjde|`em kehenfeme ce|nd qnmgezem ae{n pz|qe`e&pz|qe`e peae |zk kek
|jkjdzfm~e- [zfz|em |nmqj|e `egnem pz|qe`e nmn e`em fjfpj{fzaec aedef pjmjmqzem be`qi{&
be`qi{ aem re{nekjd&re{nekjd qj{`enq aedef pjmjdnqnem nmn-
Mi \zfkj{ \nmqj|e
@e{e`qj{n|qn` Z{kem \p{exd
5 ^zmz|$ ;??? @jmefpe`em bn|n` `j e{ec dze{ `e{jme eaem~e e`|j|nkndnqe|
; _{niczqifi$ 5>33 Be`qi{ e`|j|nkndnqe| aem pj{emh`zqem
@e{e`qj{n|qn` \q{z`qz{ [zemh @iqe
5- \nmzdemhhe$ ;??: _jm~jke{em pjde~emem fjmaj`eqn pz|eq `jhneqem
Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem @iqe ~emh Fjmgean Ae~e Qe{n` @iqe
5 Q n ;??:
e- Be|ndnqe| pj{aehemhem #pe|e{ aem pj{qi`iem.
k B ndnq anan`
Qekjd ;-5
\nmqj|e @egnem Qji{n _jmjdnqnem
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E{ecem _jm~janeem Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem @iqe an Aej{ec Z{kem \p{exd \z{eke~e
5;
Re{nekjd\zk
Re{nekjd
\zfkj{
^zmz| _{nczqifi \nmzdemhhe
Lcepnm
aem
@en|j{
\zgemqi
Aemnjd
aem
Xe{fj{|
Fz|aednbec \z{~i`z|zfi
E`|j|nkndnqe|
Ge{e` qjfpzc r r r
Xe`qz qjfpzc r r
@jaj`eqem ajmhem
pz|eq jhneqemr r r r
Jbj`qnrnqe|
_jde~emem
Be|ndnqe|
@iqe
Qnmh`eq pjde~emem r r
@jpze|em
fe|~e{e`eq
r
\`ede pjde~emem r r
Gzfdec be|ndnqe|
`iqer
_jmazaz`@jpeaeqem
pjmazaz` r
\qeqz| \i|ned
J`imifn
Fe|~e{e`eq
Qnmh`eq
_jmaepeqemr
@jkzqzcem
{zemh
@jqj{|janeem
decemr
Qekjd ;-;
\nmqj|e _z|qe`e
\zfkj{ 7 _jmjdnqn$ ;?5;
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E{ecem _jm~janeem Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem @iqe an Aej{ec Z{kem \p{exd \z{eke~e
KEK NNN
FJQIAIDIHN _JMJDNQNEM
Fjqiaj pjmjdnqnem fj{zpe`em ae|e{ aedef fjmzmqzm |jkzec pjmjdnqem aedef fjfpj{idjc kjmqz`
kj{zpe demh`ec&demh`ec aedef pjmjdnqnem ~emh ande`z`em- peae kek fjqiaidihn pjmjdnqnem nmn e`em
fjfkece| fjmhjmen fjqiaj kj{zpe demh`ec pjmjdnqnem qj{|jkzq |jpj{qn pjmaj`eqem pjmjdnqnem$ gjmn|
pjmjdnqnem$ re{nekjd pjmjdnqnem$ qj`mn` pjmhzfpzdem aeqe$ aem qj`mn` emedn|n|-
<-5 _jmaj`eqem _jmjdnqnem
Fjmz{zq pe{eanhfe `jndfzemm~e$ fjqiaj pjmaj`eqem ~emh anhzme`em aedef pjmjdnqnem nmn
eaedec pjmaj`eqem {e|nimedn|qn`- ^z{n #;?5;. fjm~jkzq`em kecxe pjmaj`eqem {e|nimedn|qn`
fj{zpe`em |jkzec `jkjme{em kz`em cem~e kj{ae|e{`em jfpn{n| mefzm gzhe ae{n e{hzfjmq |zeqz
`im|q{z`|n kj{pn`n{- _jmaj`eqem {e|nimedn|qn` |jman{n zfzfm~e anhzme`em aedef pjm~z|zmem
`j{emh`e `im|jpqzedn|qn` qji{nqn` ~enqz anfeme |jfze ndfz kj{e|ed ae{n pjfe`meem nmqjdj`qzed
~emh ankemhzm eqe| `jfefpzem kj{e{hzfjmqe|n |jle{e dihn` ~emh anqj`em`em peae pjfe`meem
|jm|zed$ jqn`$ dihn` ajmhem |~e{eq jfpn{n` ~emh {jdjrem-
Aedef pjmjdnqnem nmn$ exedm~e fj{zfz|`em h{ema qcji{~ ~emh fjmgean {zemh dnmh`zp
pjmjdnqnem$ ajbnmn|n qji{nqn`$ aem jfpn{n` ~emh kj{`enqem ajmhem |q{z`qz{ {zemh `iqe aem an|q{nkz|nbe|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe- `jfzanem ae{n h{ema qcji{~ qj{|jkzq an{zfz|`em fjmgean |zeqz
`im|jpqzedn|qn` qji{nqn` ~emh fjdecn{`em re{nekjd ~emh anemhhep redna aem {jdnekdj |jkehen
`{nqj{ne be`qi{ pjmjmqz pjm~janeem be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe an @jlefeqem Xe{z- Aedef ced nmn$
pe{e ecdn eqezpzm pe`e{ ~emh fjmhj{qn andnkeq`em ajfn pjmjmqzem mnden) kikiq pjmhe{zc qnep
re{nekjd- @jfzanem peae qecepem qj{e`cn{ ~enqz qecep hjmj{edn|e|n anfeme qecepem nmn kj{qzgzem
fjme{n` |jkzec `j|nfpzdem kj{ae|e{`em ce|nd emedn|e-
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E{ecem _jm~janeem Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem @iqe an Aej{ec Z{kem \p{exd \z{eke~e
Mi \e|e{em Re{nekjd \zk Re{nekjd Ajbnmn|n Ipj{e|nimed5- Emedn|e pjmndenem
`nmj{ge be|ndnqe|pjde~emem `iqe an
@jlefeqem Xe{z
E`|j|nkndnqe| Ge{e` qjfpzc Kj|e{ ge{e` ~emh anqjfpzc zmqz`
fjmlepen be|ndnqe| pjde~emem`iqe
Xe`qz qjfpzc Defe xe`qz ~emh ankzqzc`em
zmqz` fjmlepen be|ndnqe|
pjde~emem iqe
@jaj`eqem ajmhem pz|eq
`jhneqem
Kj|e{ ge{e` emqe{e be|ndnqe|
pjde~emem iqe ajmhem pz|eq
`jhneqemJbj`qnrnqe| pjde~emembe|ndnqe| `iqe
Qnmh`eq pjde~emem Qnmh`eq pjmndenem qj{ceaeppjde~emem be|ndnqe| iqe
@jpze|em fe|~e{e`eq Qnmh`eq `jpze|em fe|~e{e`eq
qj{ceaep pjde~emem be|ndnqe| `iqe
\`ede pjde~emem Gemh`ezem pjde~emem be|ndnqe|
`iqe
Gzfdec be|ndnqe| `iqe Kem~e`m~e be|ndnqe| pjde~emem
`iqe an @jlefeqem Xe{z
;- Najmqnbn`e|n be`qi{&be`qi{ ~emh
fjfpjmhe{zcn
pjm~janeem be|ndnqe|
pjde~emem `iqe an
@jlefeqem Xe{z
E`|j|nkndnqe| Ge{e` qjfpzc Kj|e{ ge{e` ~emh anqjfpzc zmqz` fjmlepen be|ndnqe| pjde~emem
`iqe
Xe`qz qjfpzc Defe xe`qz ~emh ankzqzc`em
zmqz` fjmlepen be|ndnqe|
pjde~emem iqe
@jaj`eqem ajmhem pz|eq
`jhneqem
Kj|e{ ge{e` emqe{e be|ndnqe|
pjde~emem iqe ajmhem pz|eq
`jhneqem
_ a a ` @ a q a a ` K ` a q a a ` a
Qekjd <-5
Re{nekjd _jmjdnqnem
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E{ecem _jm~janeem Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem @iqe an Aej{ec Z{kem \p{exd \z{eke~e
aem pjmndenem `nmj{ge
be|ndnqe| pjde~emem
`iqe an xnde~ec |qzan
pjde~emem iqe
@jaj`eqem ajmhem pz|eq
`jhneqem
Kj|e{ ge{e` emqe{e be|ndnqe|
pjde~emem iqe ajmhem pz|eq`jhneqem
Jbj`qnrnqe| pjde~emem
be|ndnqe| `iqe
Qnmh`eq pjde~emem Qnmh`eq pjmndenem qj{ceaep
pjde~emem be|ndnqe| iqe
@jpze|em fe|~e{e`eq Qnmh`eq `jpze|em fe|~e{e`eqqj{ceaep pjde~emem be|ndnqe| `iqe
\`ede pjde~emem Gemh`ezem pjde~emem be|ndnqe|
`iqe
Gzfdec be|ndnqe| `iqe Kem~e`m~e be|ndnqe| pjde~emem
`iqe an @jlefeqem Xe{z_jmazaz` @jpeaeqem pjmazaz` Kj|e{ `jpeaeqem pjmazaz` peae
qnep `jdz{ecem an @jlefeqem
Xe{z
\qeqz| |i|ned j`imifn
fe|~e{e`eq
Qnmh`eq pjmaepeqem Qnmh`eq pjmaepeqem fe|~e{e`eq
an @jlefeqem Xe{z
@jkzqzcem {zemh @jqj{|janeem decem @jqj{|janeem decem zmqz` fjman{n`em be|ndnqe| pjde~emem
`iqe
<-1 Fjqiaj _jmhzfpzdem Aeqe
Qecepem pjmhzfpzdem aeqe eaedec le{e ~emh anhzme`em idjc pjmjdnqn zmqz` fjfpj{idjc aeqe
~emh ankzqzc`em zmqz` fjmlepen qzgzem aem |e|e{em pjmjdnqnem- Aedef pjmhzfpzdem aeqe nmn
ande`z`em ajmhem aze le{e ~enqz 7
5- Aeqe p{nfj{ eaedec aeqe ~emh anaepeq`em demh|zmh ae{n depemhem$ ~enqz anpj{idjc ae{n
ik|j{re|n depemhem aem `zn|nimj{-
\zfkj{ 7 _jmjdnqn$ ;?5;
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E{ecem _jm~janeem Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem @iqe an Aej{ec Z{kem \p{exd \z{eke~e
#Fz|qebe$ ;???.- Aedef pjmjdnqnem qj`mn` pz{pi|nrj |efpdnmh anhzme`em zmqz` fjmhjqeczn
p{jbj{jm|n fe|~e{e`eq qj{ceaep be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe- Eaepzm ~emh angean`em |efpjd
pjmjdnqnem eaedec anpj{idjc |qe`jcidaj{ `zmln aem |qe`jcidaj{ zqefe ~emh kj{pjmhe{zc |j{qeaepeq fjfkj{n`em nmbi{fe|n ~emh |pj|nbn` kj{ae|e{`em pemaemhem aem `jpjmqnmhem `jdifpi`
|efpjd qj{|jkzq |jkem~e` aem |je`z{eq fzmh`nm-
<-2 Fjqiaj Emedn|e
Emedn|e aeqe eaedec |zeqz p{i|j| fjmheqz{ z{zqem aeqe$fjmhi{hemn|e|n`emm~e `j aedef |zeqz
pide$ `eqjhi{n aem |eqzem z{enem ae|e{ #_eqqim aedef Fidjimh$ ;??5.- Fjqiaj emedn|e ~emh
anhzme`em aedef pjmjdnqnem nmn eaedec emedn|n| `zednqeqnb- Emedn|n| `zednqeqnb anhzme`em zmqz` fjmhjqeczn be`qi{&be`qi{ ~emh fjfpjmhe{zcn pjm~janeem be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe$
fjmhnajmqnbn`e|n `jkzqzcem be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe kj{ae|e{`em p{jbj{jm|n fe|~e{e`eq$ fjmnden
`nmj{ge be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe |j{qe fjmhjqeczn e{ecem pjm~janeem be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe an
@jlefeqem Xe{z - Emedn|n| `zednqeqnb aedef pjmjdnqnem nmn fjmhhzme`em emedn|e aj|`{npqnb$ emedn|e
|`i{nmh aem emedn|n| q{nemhzde|n-
<-2- 5 Emedn|e Aj|`{npqnb
Eaem~e emedn|e aj|`{npqnb nmn eaedec zmqz` fjfkj{n`em hefke{em zfzf qjmqemh aeqe~emh qjdec anpj{idjc- An aedef pjmjdnqneem nmn$ emedn|e aj`|{npqnb kj{qzgzem zmqz`
fjmhjqeczn be`qi{&be`qi{ ~emh fjfpjmhe{zcn pjm~janeem be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe an
@jlefeqem Xe{z kj{ae|e{`em qji{n ~emh eae- Zmqz` nmpzq aeqe ~emh anhzme`em eaedec
pjmh`ifpe{e|nem `iman|n j`|n|qnmh ajmhem qnmgezem pz|qe`e-
<-2-; Emedn|e \`i{nmh
\jqjdec anqjmqz`em `ifpimjm&`ifpimjm ~emh fjfpjmhe{zcn pjm~janeem be|ndnqe|
pjde~emem `iqe peae `exe|em pjmjdnqnem$ e`em ande`z`em najmqnbn`e|n fjmhjmen `jkzqzcem
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E{ecem _jm~janeem Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem @iqe an Aej{ec Z{kem \p{exd \z{eke~e
Qekjd <-<
\`ede _jmhz`z{em Dn`j{q peae Re{nekjd @jkzqzcem Be|ndnqe| \j|zen _{jbj{jm|n Fe|~e{e`eq an
Xnde~ec \qzan \`ede _jmhz`z{em @jqj{emhem
5 Qnae` Ankzqzc`em
; Lz`zp Ankzqzc`em
< Ankzqzc`em
1 \emheq Ankzqzc`em
\zfkj{7 _jmjdnqn$ ;?5;
<-2-< Emedn|e Q{nemhzde|n
Zmqz` fjmhnajmqnbn`e|n e{ecem&e{ecem aedef pjm~janeem be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe gzhe
ande`z`em ajmhem fjmhhzme`em qj`mn` q{nemhzde|n- Ced ~emh fjfkjae`em emedn|e
q{nemhzde|n nmn eaedec pjmaj`eqem q{nemhzde|n ~emh anhzme`em- Ced ~emh fjmgean ae|e{ aedef
fj{zfz|`em e{ecem pjm~janeem be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe aedef emedn|e q{nemhzde|n nmn eaedec
be`qi{&be`qi{ ~emh fjfpjmhe{zcn pjm~janeem be|ndnq| pjde~emem `iqe aem pjmndenem `nmj{ge
be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe ~emh anp{ni{nqe|`em zmqz` anqemhemn |j{qe re{nekjd qndn`em ~enqz
e{ecem pjm~janeem be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe-
Qekjd <-1
Emedn|e Q{nemhzde|n aedef _j{zfz|em E{ecem _jm~janeem Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem @iqe an @jlefeqem Xe{z
E|pj` Emedn|n| Q{nemhzde|n
\zfkj{
nmbi{fe|n
◉ Xeleme jfpn{n`
◉ Fe|~e{e`eq |jqjfpeq
◉ _e`e{
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E{ecem _jm~janeem Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem @iqe an Aej{ec Z{kem \p{exd \z{eke~e
Emedn|e q{nemhzde|n nmn ande`z`em ajmhem fjmle{n `j|jpe`eqem kj{ae|e{`em p{jbj{jm|n
fe|~e{e`eq aem `nmj{ge kj{ae|e{`em pjmndenem pe`e{ ~emh `jfzanem e`em an`ifpe{e|n`em
ajmhem |qzan eqez p{igjlq fjmhjmen be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe ~emh pj{mec eae$ |j{qe pjmaepeqae{n pe`e{ zmqz` fjmaepeq`em |jkzec {zfz|em kj{|efe-
<-8 Qecepem _jmjdnqnem
5- Qecep _jmaeczdzem
Fjdnpzqn `jhneqem pjfndncem di`e|n |qzan$ fjmle{n n|z |q{eqjhn| aem pj{zfz|em fe|edec
kj{ae|e{`em |qzan dnqj{eqz{- Di`e|n |qzan pjmjdnqnem ~enqz @jlefeqem Xe{z$ @ekzpeqjm
\naie{gi$ ~emh anpndnc kj{ae|e{`em n|z `jqnae`ipqnfedem an|q{nkz|n be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe~emh fjm~jkek`em liffzqnmh fe|~e{e`eq Xe{z fjmzgz \z{eke~e- \jfjmqe{e nqz |qzan
dnqj{eqz{ ande`z`em kj{ae|e{`em qji{n ~emh eae aedef {jbj{jm|n pz|qe`e ljqe` |j{qe gz{med
ndfnec an nmqj{mjq- @jfzanem aepeq an{zfz|`em pj{fe|edecem ~emh |jdemgzqm~e e`em qj{gexek
fjdedzn ce|nd pjmjdnqnem-
;- Qecep _jmhzfpzdem Aeqe
Fjdnpzqn `jhneqem ik|j{re|n ken` p{nfj{ fezpzm |j`zmaj{- Zmqz` |z{rj~ p{nfj{$ aeqe
anpj{idjc fjdedzn |z{rj~ `zj|nimj{ peae fe|~e{e`eq @jlefeqem Xe{z aem epe{eq pjfj{nmqec-\jfjmqe{e |z{rj~ |j`zmaj{$ ande`z`em ajmhem le{e pjmhifpnde|nem aeqe ae{n ai`zfjm
nm|qem|n&nm|eqem|n qj{`enq-
<- Qecep Emedn|e
Fjdnpzqn `jhneqem pjmhidecem aeqe ajmhem edeq emedn|e ~emh |j|zen |jcnmhhe anaepeq`em ce|nd
e`cn{ ae{n pjmjdnqnem nmn$ ~enqz emedn|e aj|`{npqnb$ emedn|e |`i{nmh aem emedn|e q{nemhzde|n-
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E{ecem _jm~janeem Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem @iqe an Aej{ec Z{kem \p{exd \z{eke~e
5>
Re{nekjd\zk
Re{nekjd
E`|j|nkndnqe|
Ge{e` qjfpzc
Xe`qz qjfpzc
@jaj`eqem ajmhem pz|eq
`jhneqem
Jbj`qnrnqe|_jde~emem
Be|ndnqe| @iqe
Qnmh`eq pjde~emem
@jpze|em fe|~e{e`eq
\`ede pjde~emem
Gzfdec be|ndnqe| `iqe
_jmazaz` @jpeaeqem pjmazaz`
\qeqz| \i|ned
J`imifnFe|~e{e`eq
Qnmh`eq _jmaepeqem
@jkzqzcem {zemh @jqj{|janeem decem
Qzgzem _jmjdnqnem 7
Fjmjmqz`em e{ecem pjm~janeem be|ndnqe|
pjde~emem `iqe |j|zen ajmhem `jkzqzcem
fe|~e{e`eq an @jlefeqem Xe{zBjmifjme z{kem |p{exd ~emh
fjm~jkek`em decem&decem an
`exe|em |zk&z{kem aem {z{ed
qj{`imrj{|n ajmhem aifnme|n
pj{fz`nfem ke{z
Aifnme|n pj{fz`nfem an
aej{ec z{kem |p{exd
fjmzmqzq qj{pjmzcnm~e
be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe
@jqj{hemqzmhem qj{ceaep
`iqe nmaz` #@iqe \z{eke~e.
|jkehen pjfjmzc jkzqzcem
Qecepem _j{zfz|em
Fe|edecQecepem
Qnmgezem _z|qe`e
Qecepem
Emedn|e
E{ecem pjm~janeem be|ndnqe| `iqe an
@jlefeqem Xe{z$ @ekzpeqjm \naie{gi
\e|e{em ; 7 Fjmhnajmqnbn`e|n be`qi{ ~emh kj{pjmhe{zc
qj{ceaep pjm~janeem be|ndnqe| `iqe
Emedn|e aj|`{npqnb
\e|e{em < 7 Fjmhnajmqnbn`e|n `jkzqzcem be|ndnqe| `iqe
kj{ae|e{`em p{jbj{jm|n fe|~e{e`eq an @jlefeqem Xe{z
Emedn|e |`i{nmh
\e|e{em 5 7 Fjmhemedn|e pjmndenem `nmj{ge be|ndnqe| pjde~emem
`iqe an @jlefeqem Xe{z
Emedn|e |`i{nmh
\e|e{em 1 7 Fjmhemedn|e `jkzqzcem pjmhjfkemhem be|ndnqe|
pjde~emem `iqe kj{ae|e{`em p{jbj{jm|n fe|~e{e`eq aem
pjmndenem `nmj{ge be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe an @jlefeqem Xe{z
Emedn|e q{nemhzde|n
\zfkj{ 7 _jmjdnqn$ ;?5;
Kehem <-5
Qecepem _jmjdnqnem
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E{ecem _jm~janeem Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem @iqe an Aej{ec Z{kem \p{exd \z{eke~e
Qekjd <-:
Qecepem _jmjdnqnem
\e|e{em \qzan Re{nekjd Emedn|n| Izqpzq
5 E`|j|nkndnqe|
Jbj`qnrnqe| pjde~emem
be|ndnqe| `iqe
Emedn|e \`i{nmh Qnmh`eq `nmj{ge be|ndnqe|
pjde~emem `iqe an
@jlefeqem Xe{z
#qnae` ken`$ lz`zp ken`$
ken`$ |emheq ken`.
; E`|j|nkndnqe|
_jmazaz`
\qeqz| \i|ned J`imifn
Fe|~e{e`eq
@jkzqzcem [zemh
Emedn|e Aj|`{npqnb Be`qi{ ~emh
fjfpjmhe{zcnpjm~janeem be|ndnqe|
`iqe an @jlefeqem
Xe{z
< E`|j|nkndnqe|
Jbj`qnrnqe| pjde~emem
be|ndnqe| `iqe
Emedn|e \`i{nmh Qnmh`eq `jkzqzcem
be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe
an @jlefeqem Xe{z
#qnae` ankzqzc`em$
lz`zp ankzqzc`em$ankzqzc`em$ |emheq
ankzqzc`em.
1 E`|j|nkndnqe|
Jbj`qnrnqe| pjde~emem
be|ndnqe| `iqe
_jmazaz`
\qeqz| |i|ned j`imifn
`
Emedn|e Q{nemhzde|n E{ecem pjm~janeem
be|ndnqe| `iqe an
@jlefeqem Xe{z
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E{ecem _jm~janeem Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem @iqe an Aej{ec Z{kem \p{exd \z{eke~e
AEBQE[ _Z\QE@E
Cj|qzeanpzq{n$ Anqe- ;??8- _j{em aem Bzmh|n Nkz @iqe @jlefeqem De|jf \jkehen _z|eq _j{qzfkzcem
an @ekzpeqjm [jfkemh- Jp{nmq| ZMAN_- \jfe{emh-
_zq{nemn$ Ajrn{e- ;??3- \qzan _j{`jfkemhem Z{kem \p{exd an \z{eke~e Fjq{ipidnqem E{je- Anhndnk
NQ\- \z{eke~e-
_{eqn|qe$ Xec~z Jman- ;?5;- E{ecem _jmhjfkemhem Nmb{e|q{z`qz{ an _nmhhn{em @iqe ^ih~e`e{qe
#|qzan `e|z| 7 @jlefeqem Zfkzdce{gi.- Anhndnk NQ\- \z{eke~e-
[jrn|n [Q[X @ekzpeqjm \naie{gi Qeczm ;??3&;?;3
[naxemew- ;?5;- _jmhj{qnem _jmjdnqnem Aj|`npqnb - Anzmazc ae{n xxx-{naxemew-lif peae qemhhed :
Gzmn ;?5; pz`zd 52-<8
_{eanmnj$ @e{nme- ;?5;- _e{eanhfe aem Fjqiaj _jmjdnqnem- Kecem Ege{ Fjqiaidihn _jmjdnqnem Gz{z|em
_j{jmlemeem Xnde~ec aem @iqe NQ\- \z{eke~e-
\ebj~ec$ Fzlcdn|nmn~eqn- ;??<- _j{`jfkemhem _j{zfecem aem _j{fz`nfem @jlefeqem Xe{z$
\naie{gi- Gz{med E`|ned 0 Fegedec ndfnec qj`mn` |npnd Z_M Rjqj{em Geqnf- \z{eke~e-
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E{ecem _jm~janeem Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem @iqe an Aej{ec Z{kem \p{exd \z{eke~e
DEF_N[EM
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E{ecem _jm~janeem Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem @iqe an Aej{ec Z{kem \p{exd \z{eke~e
;<
@ZN\NIMJ[ N
Mefe Djmh`ep 7
Mi-Cp 7
Gekeqem ) _j`j{geem 7
_jmndenem Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem @iqe
Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem
@iqe
_jmndenem @{nqj{ne
@jaj`eqem ajmhem pz|eq `jhneqem Qnmh`eq pjde~emem @jpze|em fe|~e{e`eq \`ede pjde~ememGe{e` Qjfpzc
#fjqj{.
Xe`qz Qjfpzc
#fjmnq.
\emheq
Qnae`
aj`eq
Qnae`
aj`eq
Lz`zp
aj`eq
\emheq
aj`eq
Qnae`
ken`
Lz`zp
ken` Ken`
\emheq
ken`
Qnae`
pze|
Lz`zp
pze|_ze|
\emheq
pze|Di`ed
[jhnim
&ed=
5???
:??&
5???
4
:??= ;?
5?&
;?4 5?
Be|ndnqe|
_jmanan`&
em
Q@
\A
\F_
\FE
Be|ndnqe|
@j|jceq&
em
[zfec
\e`nq
_z|`j|&
fe|
Be|ndnqe|
_j{aehemh
&em
_e|e{
_j{qi`i&
em
' @JQJ[EMHEM 7 N|n zn|nimj{ ajmhem qemae S
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E{ecem _jm~janeem Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem @iqe an Aej{ec Z{kem \p{exd \z{eke~e
;1
@ZN\NIMJ[ NN
#\e|e{em <.
Mefe [j|pimajm 7
Edefeq 7
_j`j{geem 7
_jmndenem Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem @iqe
Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem
@iqe
_jmndenem @{nqj{ne
@jaj`eqem ajmhem pz|eq `jhneqem Qnmh`eq pjde~emem @jpze|em fe|~e{e`eq \`ede pjde~ememGe{e` Qjfpzc
#fjqj{.Xe`qz Qjfpzc
#fjmnq.
\emheqQnae`
aj`eq
Qnae` aj`eq
Lz`zpaj`eq
\emheqaj`eq
Qnae` ken`
Lz`zpken`
Ken` \emheqken`
Qnae` pze|
Lz`zppze|
_ze|\emheqpze|
Di`ed[jhnim
&ed=
5???
:??&
5???
4
:??= ;?
5?&
;?4 5?
Be|ndnqe|
_jmanan`&
em
Q@
\A
\F_
\FE
Be|ndnqe|
@j|jceq&
em
[zfec
\e`nq
_z|`j|&
fe|
Be|ndnqe|
_j{aehemh
&em
_e|e{
_j{qi`i&
em
' @JQJ[EMHEM 7 N|n zn|nimj{ ajmhem qemae S
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E{ecem _jm~janeem Be|ndnqe| _jde~emem @iqe an Aej{ec Z{kem \p{exd \z{eke~e
;:
QEKJD GEAXED _JMJDNQNEM
\zfkj{7 _jmjdnqn$ ;?5;
Mi Z{enem @jhneqem Kzdem 5 Kzdem ; Kzdem < Kzdem 1
E _j{|nepem 5 ; < 1 5 ; < 1 5 ; < 1 5 ; < 1
5- Qnmgezem zdemh di`e|n pjmjdnqnem;- Qnmgezem zdemh dnqj{eqz{ ~emh anhzme`em
<- _j{|nepem |z{eq&|z{eq ~emh ankzqzc`em
K \z{rj~ aem _jmaeqeem
5- Ai`zfjmqe|n exe|em pjmjdnqnem
;- Ik|j{re|n fjmhjmen be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe ~emh eae an @jlefeqem Xe{z
<- \qzan jpz|qe`eem fjmhjmen e{e`qj{n|qn` pjm~janeem be|ndnqe| pjde~emem iqe
1- Najmqnbn`e|n piqjm|n aem pj{fe|edecem exe|em pjmjdnqnem
:- Fjm~jke{`em zj|nimj{ fjmhjmen jkzqzcem be|ndnqe| pjde~emem iqe kj{ae|e{`em
p{jbj{jm|n fe|~e{e`eq @jlefeqemXe{z
L Emedn|e Aeqe
5- Emedn|e pjmndenem nmj{ge be|ndnqe| pjde~emem iqe
;- Emedn|e be`qi{&be`qi{ ~emh fjfpjmhe{zcn pjm~janeem be|ndnqe| pjde~emem iqe
<- Emedn|e e{ecem pjm~janeem be|ndnqe| pjde~emem `iqe kj{ae|e{`em p{jbj{jm|n fe|~e{e`eq
1- Emedn|e jkzqzcem pjmhjfkemhem be|ndnqe| pjde~emem iqe kj{ae|e{`em p{jbj{jm|n
fe|~e{e`eq aem pjmndenem nmj{ge be|ndnqe| pjde~em iqe @jlefeqem Xe{z
A _jm~jdj|enem Depi{em Qzhe| E`cn{
5- _jm~z|zmem [j`ifjmae|n
;- _jm~z|zmem Defpn{em
<- _jm~z|zmem Aebqe{ _z|qe`e