arth vyavastha (3) - निर्धनता : एक चुनौती

7/22/2019 Arth Vyavastha (3) - :

1/12

fukZurk % ,d pqukSrh 29

fp=k 3-1 %jkelju dh dgkuh

bl v;k; esafukZurk osQ fo"k; esappkZdh xbZgS] tksLora=k

Hkkjr osQ lEeq[k ,d lokZfkd dfBu pqukSrh gSA mnkgj.kksa}kjk

bl cgqvk;keh leL;k dh ppkZdjusosQ i'pkr~;g v;k;

lkekftd foKkuksaesafukZurk osQ fr n`f"Vdks.k dh Hkh ppkZ

djrk gSA Hkkjr rFkk fo'o esafukZurk dh o`fk;ksadksfukZurkjs[kk dh vokkj.kk osQ ek;e lsle>k;k x;k gSA fukZurk osQ

dkj.kksa,oaljdkj }kjk fd, x, fukZurk fuokj.k osQ mik;ksadh

Hkh ppkZdh xbZgSA fukZurk dh vkfkdkfjd vokkj.kk dksekuo

fukZurk rd foLrr djosQ v;k; dk lekiu fd;k x;k gSA

ifjp;

viusnSfud thou esage vusd ,slsyksxksaosQ laioZQ esavkrs

gSa] ftuosQ ckjsesage lksprsgSafd osfukZu gSaA os xkoksaosQ

Hkwfeghu Jfed Hkh gksldrsgSa vkSj 'kgjksadh HkhM+Hkjh>qfXx;ksaesajgus okysyksx HkhA os fuekZ.k&LFkyksaosQ nSfud

osruHkksxh Jfed Hkh gksldrsgSavkSj kj[kaM esa jkph osQ fudV xsgwosQ

vkVs dh ,d fey esa nSfud Jfed osQ :i esa dkedjrk gSA tc dHkh mlsjkskxkj feyrk gS] rks og ,deghus esayxHkx 1500 #i;s dek ysrk gSA ;g NglnL;ksa osQ ifjokj dks pykusosQ fy, i;kZIr ugha gS]ftlesa mldh iRuh vkSj 6 ekg ls12 o"kZrd dh

vk;qosQ pkj cPps'kkfey gSaA mlsjkex


2/12

30 vFkZ'kkL=k

fp=k 3-2 %yD[kk lg dh dgkuh

D;k eSadHkh viusifjokj osQ fy, u, diM+s

[kjhn ldwxk\

xko esajg jgsviuscw


3/12


ij osQ nksuksafof'k"V mnkgj.k fukZurk osQ vusd vk;keksadks

n'kkZrsgSaA osn'kkZrsgSafd fukZurk dk vFkZ Hkq[kejh vkSj vkJ;

dk u gksuk gSA ;g ,d ,slh fLFkfr Hkh gS] tc ekrk&firk viuscPpksadksfo|ky; ughaHkst ikrs;k dksbZchekj vkneh byktughadjok ikrkA fukZurk dk vFkZLoPN ty vkSj lI+kQkbZlqfokkvksadk vHkko Hkh gSA bldk vFkZfu;fer jkskxkj dhdeh Hkh gSrFkk U;wure 'kkyhurk Lrj dk vHkko Hkh gSAvarr% bldk vFkZgSvlgk;rk dh Hkkouk osQ lkFk thukAfukZu yksx ,slh fLFkfr esajgrsgSaftlesamuosQ lkFk [ksrksa]dkj[kkuksa] ljdkjh dk;kZy;ksa] vLirkyksa] jsyosLVs'kuksavkSjyxHkx lHkh LFkkuksaij nqO;Zogkj gksrk gSA Li"V gSfd dksbZHkh

fukZurk esathuk ughapkgrkAviusdjksM+ksayksxksa dksn;uh; fukZurk lsckgj fudkyuk

Lora=k Hkkjr dh lclscM+h pqukSfr;ksaesals,d jgh gSA egkRekxkakh ges'kk bl ij cy fn;k djrsFksfd Hkkjr lgh vFkksesarHkh Lora=k gksxk] tc ;gk dk lclsfukZu O;fDr Hkh ekuoh;

O;Fkk lseqDr gksxkA

lkekftd oSKkfudksadh nf"V esafukZurk

pwafd fukZurk osQ vusd igywgSa] lkekftd oSKkfud mlsvusd lwpdksaosQ ek;e lsns[krsgSaA lkekU;r;k ;ksx fd,tkusokyslwpd osgSa] tksvk; vkSj miHkksx osQ Lrj lslacafkrgSa] ysfdu vc fukZurk dksfuj{kjrk Lrj] oqQiks"k.k osQ dkj.kjksx izfrjkskh {kerk dh deh] LokLF; lsokvksadh deh] jkskxkjosQ voljksadh deh] lqjf{kr is;ty ,oaLoPNrk rd igqpdh deh vkfn tSlsvU; lkekftd lwpdksaosQ ek;e lsHkhns[kk tkrk gSA lkekftd viotZu vkSj vlqj{kk ij vkkkkfjrfukZurk dk fo'ys"k.k vc cgqr lkekU; gksrk tk jgk gS

(ns[ksa ckDl)A

lkekU; vFkZ esa lkekftd viotZu fukZurk dk ,d

dkj.k vkSj ifj.kke nksuksagksldrk gSA eksVs rkSj ij ;g

,d izf;k gS ftlosQ ek;e lsO;fDr ;k lewg mulqfokkvksa] ykHkksavkSj voljksals vioftZr jgrsgSa]ftudk miHkksx nwljs(muls vfkd vPNs*) djrs gSaAbldk ,d fof'k"V mnkgj.k Hkkjr esa tkfr&O;oLFkkdh dk;Z&'kSyh gS] ftlesa oqQN tkfr;ksaosQ yksxksadksleku voljksals vioftZr j[kk tkrk gSA bl dkj]lkekftd viotZu yksxksa dh vk; gh cgqr de ughadjrk cfYd ;g blls Hkh dgha vfkd {kfr igqpkldrk gSA

vlqj{kk

fukZurk osQ izfr vlqj{kk ,d eki gStksoqQN fo'ks"kleqnk;ksa (tSls fdlh fiNM+h tkfr osQ lnL;) ;kO;fDr;ksa (tSls dksbZ fokok ;k 'kkjhfjd :i lsfodykax O;fDr) osQ Hkkoh o"kksesafukZu gksus;k fukZucusjgus dh vfkd laHkkouk trkrk gSA vlqj{kk dkfukkZj.k ifjlaifk;ksa] f'k{kk] LokLF; vkSj jkskxkj osQvoljksaosQ :i esathfodk [kkstusosQ fy, fofHkUuleqnk;ksa osQ ikl miyCk fodYiksa ls gksrk gSA blosQvykok] bldk fo'ys"k.k izkfrd vkinkvksa(HkwoaQi]lqukeh)] vkradokn vkfn ekeyksa esa bu lewgksa osQle{k fo|eku cM+stksf[keksaosQ vkkkj ij fd;k tkrkgSA vfrfjDr fo'ys"k.k bu tksf[keksa ls fuiVus dhmudh lkekftd vkSj vkFkd {kerk osQ vkkkj ijfd;k tkrk gSA okLro esa] tc lHkh yksxksa osQ fy, cqjkle; vkrk gS] pkgs dksbZck


4/12

32 vFkZ'kkL=k

O;fDr dksfukZu ekuk tkrk gS] ;fn mldh vk; ;k miHkksx

Lrj fdlh ,sls^U;wure Lrj* lsuhpsfxj tk, tksewy

vko';drkvksa osQ ,d fn, gq, lewg dksiw.kZdjus osQ fy,vko';d gSA ewy vko';drkvksadks iw.kZ djusosQ fy,

vko';d oLrq, fofHkUu dkyksa ,oafofHkUu ns'kksa esafHkUu gaSA

vr% dky ,oaLFkku osQ vuqlkj fukZurk js[kk fHkUu gksldrh

gSA R;sd ns'k ,d dkYifud js[kk dk ;ksx djrk gS] ftls

fodkl ,oamlosQ Lohr U;wure lkekftd ekunaMksa osQ

orZeku Lrj osQ vuq:i ekuk tkrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,]

vesfjdk esaml vkneh dksfukZu ekuk tkrk gS ftlosQ ikl

dkj ugha gS] tcfd Hkkjr esavc Hkh dkj j[kuk foykflrkekuh tkrh gSA

Hkkjr esa fukZurk js[kk dk fukkZj.k djrs le; thou

fuokZg osQ fy, [kk| vko';drk] diM+ksa] twrksa] bku vkSj

dk'k] 'kSf{kd ,oafpfdRlk lacakh vko';drkvksavkfn ij

fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA bu HkkSfrd ek=kkvksadks#i;ksaesa mudh

dherksalsxq.kk dj fn;k tkrk gSA fukZurk js[kk dk vkdyu

djrs le; [kk| vko';drk osQ fy, orZeku lw=k okafNr

oSQyksjh vko';drkvksaij vkkkfjr gSA [kk| oLrq,tSlsvukt]

nkysa] lfCk;k] nwk] rsy] phuh vkfn feydj bl vko';d

oSQyksjh dh iwfrZ djrh gSaA vk;q] yx] dke djusdh izfr

vkfn osQ vkkkj ij oSQyksjh vko';drk,cnyrh jgrh gSaA

Hkkjr esaLohr oSQyksjh vko';drk xzkeh.k {ks=kksaesa 2400

oSQyksjh izfrO;fDr izfrfnu ,oauxjh; {ks=kksasa esa2100 oSQyksjh

izfrO;fDr izfrfnu gSA pwfd xzkeh.k {ks=kksaesajgus okysyksx

vfkd 'kkjhfjd dk;ZdjrsgSa] vr% xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa oSQyksjh

vko';drk 'kgjh {ks=kksadh rqyuk esa vfkd ekuh xbZ gSA

vukt vkfn osQ :i esa bu oSQyksjh vko';drkvksadks[kjhnus

osQ fy, izfrO;fDr ekSfnzd O;; dks] dherksaesa o`f dks

;ku esaj[krs gq,] le; ij la'kksfkr fd;k tkrk gSA

bu ifjdYiukvksaosQ vkkkj ij o"kZ2000 esafdlh O;fDr

osQ fy, fukZurk js[kk dk fukkZj.k xzkeh.k {ks=kksaesa328 #i;s

izfrekg vkSj 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa454 #i;s izfrekg fd;k x;k FkkA

de oSQyksjh dh vko';drk osQ ckotwn 'kgjh {ks=kksa osQ fy,

mPp jkf'k fuf'pr dh xbZ] D;ksafd 'kgjh {ks=kksaesa vusd

vko';d oLrqvksa dh dhersa vfkd gksrh gSaA bl dkj]o"kZ2000 esa xzkeh.k {ks=kksaesajgusokyk ikp lnL;ksadk

ifjokj fukZurk js[kk osQ uhps gksxk] ;fn mldh vk; yxHkx

1] 640 #i;sizfrekg ls de gSA blh rjg osQ ifjokj dks

'kgjh {ks=kksaesaviuh ewy vko';drk,iwjk djusosQ fy, de

lsde 2] 270 #i;sizfrekg dh vko';drk gksxhA fukZurk

js[kk dk vkdyu le; ij (lkekU;r% gj ikp o"kZij)

izfrn'kZlosZ{k.k osQ ek;e ls fd;k tkrk gSA ;g losZ{k.k

jk"Vh; frn'kZ losZ{k.k laxBuvFkkZr~ us'kuy lSaiy losZvkWxZukbks'ku (,u-,l-,l-vks-) }kjk djk, tkrsgaS] rFkkfi

fodkl'khy ns'kksaosQ chp rqyuk djusosQ fy, fo'o cSad

tSls vusd varjkZ"Vh; laxBu fukZurk js[kk osQ fy, ,d

leku ekud dk iz;ksx djrs gSa] tSls,d MkWyj izfrO;fDr

izfrfnu osQ lerqY; U;wure miyCkrk osQ vkkkj ijA

vkb, ppkZ djsa

fofHkUu ns'k fofHkUu fukZurk js[kkvksadk ;ksx D;ksadjrsgSa\ vkiosQ vuqlkj vkiosQ {ks=k esa U;wure vko';d Lrj*

D;k gksxk\

fukZurk osQ vuqeku

rkfydk 3-1 ls;g Li"V gSfd Hkkjr esa fukZurk vuqikr esa

o"kZ 1973 esayxHkx 55 izfr'kr ls o"kZ1993 eas36 izfr'kr

rd egoiw.kZfxjkoV vkbZgSA o"kZ 2000 esafukZurk js[kk osQ

uhpsosQ fukZuksa dk vuqikr vkSj Hkh fxj dj 26 izfr'kr ij

vk x;kA ;fn ;gh ofk jgh rksvxys oqQN o"kksesa fukZurk

js[kk lsuhpsosQ yksxksadh la[;k 20 izfr'kr lsHkh uhpsvk

tk,xhA ;|fi fukZurk js[kk lsuhps jgus okysyksxksa dk

izfr'kr iwoZosQ nks n'kdksa (1973&93) esafxjk gS] fukZu

yksxksa dh la[;k 32 djksM+ osQ yxHkx dkiQh le; rd fLFkj

jghA uohure vuqeku] fukZuksadh la[;k esadeh] yxHkx 26

djksM+ mYys[kuh; fxjkoV dk laosQr nsrsgSaA


5/12


vkb, ppkZ djas

rkfydk 3-1 dk v;;u dhft, vkSj fuEufyf[kr 'uksaosQ

mkj nhft, % 1973&74 vkSj 1993&94 osQ e; fukZurk vuqikr esa

fxjkoV vkusosQ ckotwn fukZuksa dh la[;k 32 djksM+ osQ

yxHkx D;ksa cuh jgh\

D;k Hkkjr esa fukZurk esadeh dh xfrfd xzkeh.k vkSj

'kgjh Hkkjr esaleku gS\

vlqjf{kr lewgfukZurk js[kk lsuhps osQ yksxksa dk vuqikr Hkh Hkkjr esa lHkh

lkekftd lewgksavkSj vkFkd oxks esa,d leku ughagSA tkslkekftd lewg fukZurk osQ izfr lokZfkd vlqjf{kr gSa] os

vuqlwfpr tkfr vkSj vuqlwfpr tutkfr osQ ifjokj gSaA blh

rkfydk 3-1 %Hkkjr esa fukZurk osQ vuqeku

fukZurk vuqikr (izfr'kr) fukZuksa dh la[;k (djksM+)

o"kZ xzkeh.k 'kgjh ;ksx xzkeh.k 'kgjh la;qDr ;ksx1973&74 56-4 49-0 54-9 26-1 6-0 32-1

1993&94 37-3 32-4 36-0 24-4 7-6 32-0

1999&00 27-1 23-6 26-1 19-3 6-7 26-0

lzk sr %vkFkd losZ{k.k 2002&03] fok ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj

izdkj] vkFkd lewgksaesa lokZfkd vlqjf{kr lewg] xzkeh.k

f"k Jfed ifjokj vkSj uxjh; vfu;r eknwj ifjokj gSaA

fuEufyf[kr vkjs[k 3-1 bu lHkh lewgksaesa fukZu yksxksaosQizfr'kr dksn'kkZrk gSA ;|fi fukZurk js[kk osQ uhpsosQ yksxksa

dk vkSlr Hkkjr esalHkh lewgksaosQ fy, 26 gS] vuqlwfpr

tutkfr;ksa osQ 100 esa ls 51 yksx viuh ewy vko';drkvksa

dks iwjk djusesa vleFkZgSaA blh rjg uxjh; {ks=kksa esa50

izfr'kr vfu;r eknwj fukZurk js[kk osQ uhpsgSaA yxHkx 50

izfr'kr Hkwfeghu f"k Jfed vkSj 43 izfr'kr vuqlwfpr

tkfr;kHkh fukZu gSaA vuqlwfpr tkfr ;k vuqlwfpr tutkfr

osQ lkekftd :i ls lqfokkoafpr lkekftd lewgksa dkHkwfeghu vfu;r fngkM+h Jfed gksuk mudh nksgjh vlqfokk

dh leL;k dh xaHkhjrk dks fn[kkrk gSA gky osQ oqQN

vkjs[k 3-1 %Hkkjr easfukZurk] 2000 lokZfkd vlqjf{kr lewg

ksr %fjiksVZvkWu ,aIyk;esaV ,aM vu,aIyk;esaV vekSax lks'ky xqzIl bu bafM;k u- 469] 472] ,u-,l-,e-vks-] fefuLVh vkWiQ LVSfVfLVDl,aM izksxzke bafIyesaVs'ku] xouZesaV vkWI+kQ bafM;k

oxZesaizfr'kr

O;fDr;ksaosQ

ihNsfukZuksa

dhla[;k

0

10

20

30

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60

5150

47

43

26

vuqlwfprtutkfr;k

uxjh; vfu;retnwj

Xkzkeh.k [ksfrgj

etnwj

vuqlwfprtkfr;k

vkSlr Hkkjrh;

fu/Zurk vuqikr+ +

lkekftd lewg vkSj vkFkd oxZ


6/12

34 vFkZ'kkL=k

v;;uksaus n'kkZ;k gSfd 1990 osQ n'kd osQ nkSjku vuqlwfpr

tutkfr ifjokjksa dks NksM+ dj vU; lHkh rhuksa lewgksa

(vuqlwfpr tkfr] xzkeh.k f"k Jfed vkSj 'kgjh vfu;fer

eknwj ifjokj) esafukZurk esadeh vkbZgSA

bu lkekftd lewgksaosQ vfrfjDr ifjokjksa esaHkh vk;

vlekurk gSA fukZu ifjokjksaesalHkh yksxksadksdfBukb;ksadk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS] ysfdu oqQN yksx nwljksa ls vfkd

dfBukb;ksadk lkeuk djrsgSaA efgykvksa] o yksxksavkSj

cfPp;ksa dks Hkh lqO;ofLFkr


7/12


vkb, ppkZ djsa

viusvkl&ikl osQ oqQN fukZu ifjokjkssa dk voyksdu djssa

vkSj ;g irk yxkusdk ;kl djsa fd %

osfdl lkekftd vkSj vkFkd lewg ls lac gSa\

ifjokj esadekusokys lnL; dkSu gSa\

ifjokj esao`ksadh fLFkfr D;k gS\ D;k lHkh cPps(yM+osQ vkSj yM+fd;k) fo|ky; tkrsgSa\

jkT;ksaesavyx&vyx gSA gky osQ vuqeku n'kkZrsgSafd 20 jkT;ksa

vkSj osaQnz'kkflr izns'kksaesafukZurk vuqikr jk"Vh; vkSlr lsde

gSA nwljh vksj] fukZurk vc Hkh mM+hlk] fcgkj] vle] f=kiqjkvkSj mkj izns'k esa,d xaHkhj leL;k gSA tSlk fd vkjs[k 3-2

n'kkZrk gS] mM+hlk vkSj fcgkj e'k% 47 vkSj 43 izfr'kr

fukZurk vkSlr osQ lkFk nks lokZfkd fukZu jkT; cus gq, gSaA

mM+hlk] e; izns'k] fcgkj vkSj mkj izns'k esa xzkeh.k

fukZurk osQ lkFk uxjh; fukZurk Hkh vfkd gSA

bldh rqyuk esaosQjy] tEew&d'ehj] vkakzizns'k] rfeyukMq]

xqtjkr vkSj if'pe caxky esafukZurk esa mYys[kuh; fxjkoV

vkbZ gSA iatkc vkSj gfj;k.kk tSlsjkT; mPp f"k of nj lsfukZurk de djusesa ikjaifjd :i lsliQy jgsgSaA osQjy

usekuo lalkku fodkl ij vfkd ;ku fn;k gSA if'pe

caxky esaHkwfe lqkkj mik;ksalsfukZurk de djusesa lgk;rk

feyh gSA vkakz izns'k vkSj rfeyukMqesavukt dk lkoZtfud

forj.k blesalqkkj dk dkj.k gksldrk gSA

oSf'od fukZurk ifjn`';

fodkl'khy ns'kksa esavR;ar vkFkd fukZurk (fo'o cSad dhifjHkk"kk osQ vuqlkj izfrfnu 1 MkWyj lsde ij thou fuokZg

djuk) esajgusokysyksxksadk vuqikr 1990 osQ 28 izfr'kr ls

fxj dj 2001 esa21 izfr'kr gksx;k gSA ;|fi oSf'od fukZurk

esamYys[kuh; fxjkoV vkbZgS] ysfdu blesac`gr {ks=kh; fHkUurk,

ikbZtkrh gaSA rhozvkFkd izxfr vkSj ekuo lalkku fodkl esa

c`gr fuos'k osQ dkj.k phu vkSj nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;k osQ ns'kksa

esafukZurk esa fo'ks"k deh vkbZ gSA phu esafukZuksa dh la[;k

1981 osQ 60-6 djksM+ ls?kV dj 2001 esa 21-2 djksM+gksxbZgSA nf{k.k ,f'k;k osQ ns'kksa(Hkkjr] ikfdLrku] Jhyadk]

usiky] ckXyk ns'k] HkwVku) esafukZuksadh la[;k easfxjkoV

bruh rhozughagSA fukZuksaosQ izfr'kr esafxjkoV osQ ckotwn

fukZuksa dh la[;k esa FkksM+h gh deh vkbZ tks 1981 eas

47-5 djk sM+ls?kV dj 2001 esa42-8 djksM+ jg xbZgSA fHkUu

fukZurk js[kk ifjHkk"kk osQ dkj.k Hkkjr esaHkh fukZurk jk"Vh;

vuqeku ls vfkd gSA

chekj gS vkSj frfnu osQ dkeksa easmlslgk;rk dh

vko';drk iM+rh gSA mldh 25 o"kZdh ,d vfookfgr

cgu gSvkSj mlosQ viuspkj cPpsgSaftudh vk;q1 o"kZls 16 o"kZosQ chp gSA muesa lsrhu yM+fd;k

gSavkSj lcls NksVk csVk gSA dksbZ Hkh yM+dh fo|ky;

ughatkrhA yM+fd;kssaosQ fy, fo|ky; dh iqLroasQ vkSj

vU; oLrq,[kjhnuk foykflrk gSvkSj mlosQ cl ls

ckgj gSA fiQj ,d fnu mudh 'kknh Hkh djuh gS]

blfy, og vHkh mudh f'k{kk ij [kpZughadjuk

pkgrkA mldh ek dh vc thusdh dksbZbPNk ugha gS

vkSj og eR;q dh rh{kk dj jgh gSA mldh cgu vkSj

lcls cM+h yM+dh ?kj dk dke djrh gSA f'kojeu

viuscsVsdkscM+k gksus ij fo|ky; Hkstuk pkgrk gSA

mldh vfookfgr cgu dh mldh iRuh osQ lkFk ugha

curhA 'kf'kdyk mls,d cks> le>rh gS] ysfdu

f'kojeu ku dh deh osQ dkj.k mlosQ fy, dksbZ

;ksX; oj ugha


8/12

36 vFkZ'kkL=k

lc&lgkjk vQhdk esa fukZurk okLro esa 1981 osQ

41 izfr'kr ls c


9/12


lzk sr %fo'o fodkl lwpd 2005] fo'o cSad

vkjs[k 3-3 %1 MkWyj izfrfnu ij thou ;kiu djus okysyksx] 1980&2001

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phu

phu

iwoZ ,f'k;k vkSj 'kkar

iwoZ,f'k;k vkSj'kkar

nf{k.k ,f'k;k

nf{k.k ,f'k;k

lc&lgkjkvQhdk

lc&lgkjk vQhdk

ySfVu vesfjdkvkSj dSjhfc;u

ySfVu vesfjdk

vkSj oSQjhfc;u

o"kZ1981 1990 2001

fr'kr

lzks=k %fo'o fodkl lwpuk 2005] fo'o cSad

vkjs[k 3-4 %{ks=kkuqlkj fukZuksadh la[;k (1 MkWyj izfrfnu) djksM+esa

iwoZ,f'k;k vkSj 'kkar

nf{k.k ,f'k;k

phu

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10/12

38 vFkZ'kkL=k

fukZurk osQ dkj.kHkkjr esaO;kid fukZurk osQ vusd dkj.k gSaA ,d ,sfrgkfld

dkj.k fczfV'k vkSifuosf'kd iz'kklu osQ nkSjku vkfFkZd fodkldk fuEu Lrj gSA vkSifuosf'kd ljdkj dh uhfr;ksa usikjaifjd gLrf'kYidkjh dks u"V dj fn;k vkSj oL=k tSlsm|ksxksa osQ fodkl dks grksRlkfgr fd;kA fodkl dh khehnj 1980 osQ n'kd rd tkjh jghA blosQ ifj.kkeLo:ijkskxkj osQ volj ?kVsvkSj vk; dh o`f nj fxjhA blosQlkFk&lkFk tula[;k esamPp nj lsof gqbZA bu nksukasusfrO;fDr vk; dh lao`f nj dkscgqr de dj fn;kAvkFkd izxfr dks c


11/12


R;sd o"kZns'k osQ 200 fkyksa esaR;sd xzkeh.k ifjokj dks100 fnu osQ lqfuf'pr jkskxkj dk izkokku djrk gSA ckn esabl ;kstuk dk foLrkj 600 fkyksaesa fd;k tk,xkA izLrkforjkskxkjksadk ,d frgkbZjkskxkj efgykvksaosQ fy, vkjf{kr gSAoasQnzljdkjjk"Vh; jkskxkj xkjaVh dks"kHkh LFkkfir djsxhAblh rjg jkT; ljdkjsaHkh ;kstuk osQ dk;kZUo;u osQ fy,jkT; jkskxkj xkjaVh dks"kdh LFkkiuk djsaxhA dk;Ze osQvarxZr vxj vkosnd dks15 fnu osQ vanj jkskxkj miyCkughadjk;k x;k rksog nSfud csjkskxkj Hkksdk gdnkj gksxkA,d vkSj egoiw.kZ;kstukjk"Vh; dke osQ cnys vuktdk;Ze gSftls 2004 esa ns'k osQ lcls fiNMs+ 150 fkyksaesaykxwfd;k x;k FkkA ;g dk;Ze mu lHkh xzkeh.k fukZuksa

osQ fy, gS] ftUgsa eknwjh ij jkskxkj dh vko';drk gSvkSjtks voqQ'ky 'kkjhfjd dke djus osQ bPNqd gSaA bldkdk;kZUo;u 'kr&izfr'kr osaQnzh; fokiksf"kr dk;Ze osQ :i esafd;k x;k gS vkSj jkT;ksadks[kk|kUu fu%'kqYd miyCk djk,tk jgsgSaA ,d ckj ,u-vkj-bZ-th-,- ykxwgkstk, rksdke osQcnysvukt (,u-,iQ-MCY;w-ih-) dk jk"Vh; dk;Ze Hkh bldk;Ze osQ varxZr vk tk,xkA

izkkuea=kh jkskxkj ;kstuk,d vU; ;kstuk gS] ftls1993 esavkjaHk fd;k x;kA bl dk;Ze dk ms'; xzkeh.k

{ks=kksavkSj NksVs'kgjksa esaf'kf{kr csjkskxkj ;qokvksaosQ fy,Lojkskxkj osQ volj l`ftr djuk gSA mUgsay?kqO;olk; vkSjm|ksx LFkkfir djusesa mudh lgk;rk nh tkrh gSAxzkeh.kjkskxkj l`tudk;Ze dk vkjaHk 1995 esafd;k x;kAbldk ms'; xzkeh.k {ks=kksavkSj NksVs'kgjksaesaLojkskxkj osQvolj l`ftr djuk gSA nloha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa bldk;Ze osQ varxZr 25 yk[k u, jkskxkj osQ volj l`ftrdjusdk y{; j[kk x;k gSALo.kZt;arh xzke Lojkskxkj;kstukdk vkjaHk 1999 esafd;k x;kA bl dk;Ze dk

ms'; lgk;rk&izkIr fukZu ifjokjksadksLolgk;rk lewgksa esalaxfBr dj cSad .k vkSj ljdkjh lgkf;dh osQ la;kstu }kjkfukZurk js[kk ls ij ykuk gSAizkkuea=kh xzkeksn; ;kstuk(2000 esa vkjaHk) osQ varZxr izkFkfed LokLF;] izkFkfedf'k{kk] xzkeh.k vkJ;] xzkeh.k is;ty vkSj xzkeh.k fo|qrhdj.ktSlh ewy lqfokkvksaosQ fy, jkT;ksadks vfrfjDr oasQnzh;lgk;rk iznku dh tkrh gSA ,d vkSj egoiw.kZ ;kstukvaR;ksn; vUu ;kstukgS] ftlosQ ckjsesavki vxysv;k;esa foLrkj ls i


12/12

40 vFkZ'kkL=k

lkjka'k

vkiusbl v;k; esans[kk fd fukZurk osQ vusd vk;ke gSaA lkekU;r% bls fukZurk js[kk* dh vokkj.kk osQ }kjkekik tkrk gSA bl vokkj.kk osQ }kjk geus fukZurk esaeq[; oSf'od rFkk jk"Vh; o`fk;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k gSAijarqgky osQ o"kksesafukZurk dk fo'ys"k.k lkekftd viotZu tSlh vusd u;h vokkj.kkvksaosQ }kjk le` gksjgk gSAblh dkj pqukSfr;kHkh crsgSafd fukZurk vkdyu dk orZeku rjhdk lgh gS\3 Hkkjr esa 1973 lsfukZurk dh ofk;ksa dh ppkZdjsaA4 Hkkjr essa fukZurk esa varj&jkT; vlekurkvksadk ,d fooj.k Lrqr djsaA

5 mu lkekftd vkSj vkFkd lewgksadh igpku djsatksHkkjr esafukZurk osQ le{k fu#ik; gSaA6 Hkkjr ea s varjkZT;h; fu/Zurk easfofHkUurk osQ dkj.k crkb,A7 oSf'od fukZurk dh o`fk;ksadh ppkZdjsaA

8 fukZurk mUewyu dh orZeku ljdkjh j.kuhfr dh ppkZ djsaA9 fuEufyf[kr 'uks asadk la{ksi esamkj nsa %

(d) ekuo fukZurk ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\

([k) fuk Zuksa esaHkh lclsfukZu dkSu gSa\

(x) jk"Vh; xzkeh.k jkskxkj xkjaVh vfkfu;e] 2005 dh eq[; fo'ks"krk, D;k gSa\

lanHkZ

MsVu] ,saxl ,aM oSysjh] dkstsy (la-)] 2005] n xzsV bafM;u ikoVhZfMcsV] eSdfeyu bafM;k fyfeVsM] u;h fnYyhAbdksukWfed losZ2002&03] pSIVj vkWu lks'ky lsDVlZ]vkWuykbu osc ,pVhVhih% @ bafM;k ctV] ,uvkblh-vkbZ,u @

bZ,l] 2002&03] lks'ky ,p-Vh-,e] fefuLVh vkWI+kQ iQkbuSal] xouZesaV vkWI+kQ bafM;k] u;h fnYyhA

bdksukWfed losZ2004&05] pSIVj vkWu lks'ky lsDVlZ] vkWuykbu osc ;wvkj,y% ,pVhVhih @ bafM;k ctV] ,uvkbZlh-vkbZ,u @ bZ,l 2004&05] lks'ky ,p-Vh-,e-] fefuLVh vkWI+kQ iQkbuSal] xouZesaV vkWI+kQ bafM;k] u;h fnYyhA

feMVeZ,sky vkWiQ n VsUFk iQkbo bZ;j Iyku 2002&07] Hkkx&nks] v;k;&7% ikWoVhZ,fyfeus'ku ,aM :jy ,EiykW;esaVvkuykbu osc ,pVhVhih% @ MCY;wMCY;wMCY;w- Iykux deh'ku] ,uvkbZlh-vkbZ,u @ feMVeZ baaxfy'k&ihMh,iQ @pSIVj 07 ihMh,iQ] Iykux deh'ku] u;h fnYyhA

us'kyu :jy ,EiykW;esaV xkjaVh ,sDV 2005vku ykbu osc ,pVhVhih% @ :jy ,uvkbZlh-vkbZ,u @ jktLo ihMh,iQA

VsUFk i+Qkbo bZ;j Iyku 2002&07] v;k;& 3-2]ikWoVhZ ,yhos'ku bu :jy bafM;k% LVsVth ,aM ksxzkEl] vkuykbuosc ,pVhVhih% @ MCY;wMCY;wMCY;w-Iykux deh'ku] ,uvkbZlhvkbZ,u @ IykUl @ Iykufjy @ iQkbo bZ;j @ VsUFk]okY;we&2 @ oh&2 lh,p&3&2 ihMh,iQ] Iykux deh'ku] u;h fnYyhA

oYMZMsoyiesaV fjiksVZ2000&01] vVsdx ikoVhZ] n oYMZ cSad] vkWDliQksMZ;wuhoflZVh sl] fnYyhA

arth vyavastha (3) - निर्धनता : एक चुनौती

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