bhagavatarth guj 1 12 skandh (gujarati bhasha)

8/13/2019 Bhagavatarth Guj 1 12 Skandh (Gujarati Bhasha)

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1

dlpcy uhgcpQpeQfZ rhfrQs shpvurb^dpy

ucpNhspL fZ

ucpNhsp L fZ fQhpy epS>-kp^kd|l:

L dop A c[s epN A Z a gp[sp dy e kp^p Sy>vp-Sy>vp Frj-dyrApA L l gp R>. sL u pQ L pfp L d A op gpL {Q s dpV kp^ sfuL L l gp R>, R>sps kp^ u Ad Z u.L du sp opu Z cNhp[s a g ps pe R>, fsy cNhpu L p S>p Df lpe s S> s kp^u a g ps pe R>. su a gp[sy dye kp^ spcNhpu L p S> R>, L pfZ L Dh DviApsp cNhp uL ZL lg R> L :""ep N, kpe, vp, hs, s, eop, epep, hvp Aepk A kepku e L fhp R>sp Z S>du p[s su u shp d(uLZ) NpuAp , Npep, hnp, lfZp, pNp,rkp A S> bu d|Y byrhpmpAp A dp cphu klgpCu ps L fg R>... su l Dh! L pe L fhpu

A L pe L fhpu hvu ApopApp, hr A rhr dpNp, hZ L fhpy R> sp A hZ L fgppepN L fu, prZdpp Apdp d A L gp S> k|Z fus ifZ Aph, L pfZ L dpfpu sy kh sfa ucefrls Ci'' (cpN.yfp.11&12&8,9-14,15).

L d op hNf a gp[sp hpsrhL kp^ lps sp cNhp s Aphp Dvi L fs. L d, ophNfu cNhp L V pe R>, cNhpy pL V L fphpfps kp^p pe R>, fsy S> d gpqL L dpV p y{j OZuAp L fhpu ep Ap sd Ap kp^pu cNhp Dvpku flu L V sp lphpu dye a g Apsp u.fsy c[su spcNhp OZp du L V pe R> Asu R>u pspp Apdpy Z vp L f R> sp R>ucs kyM Ap sdp L lhy S> iy ?(shp.vu.r.khr.307-311).

sfk gpNsp s v|f L fpfp Z kp^ R>:1.sfk kl L fhu; Ap op S> hykp^ R> . 2.L| hp MpvhpApZu L pY u uhy ; Ap epN(L d) S>hy kp^ R>. 3.NPNpp (S>gpiep) L pW hpk L fhp ; Ap c[s S>hykp^ R>. sdp Z cNhp Df d fpMhp A Dd kp^ R> . d lpe sp NP Np ps DpN L fuNP NpS>gu Tpfu gphu S>d p L fphs d cNhp Df d lpe spcNhp ps Dd L fu dhpmp cspk^pfu s vi Apu spDpf L f R> . S>hu fus rsp bpgL kyM pe s hy ApQfZ L f R> sd cNhpcs kyM pe sd L f R>. L pfZ L NpuApAcNhpu du k hp L fu su cNhp s d vp L fhpepe L pdyZ vp L ey . ""khu Dd a g cNhp pspu Aphu lgL u [rs ip dpV L f?'' Ahu ZiL p L fhu, L pfZ L ldpNdp lgL u [rs ^pfZ L fhpdp L pC vpj u. cNhp Np uAp gp qL L fus

L pdy vp L eyAd Z dphy . L pfZ L cNhp sp |ZL pd (S>du L pdp kvp |Zegu lphpu S> dL pdp L fhp epe L pC S> u shp) R>, A S> L pC BR>p lpe shpL p C Z gpL dpAhu fus L pdy vpL fspu (|h hs.312-315).

S>dp vi pe sdp Df d pe, fsyS>dp L pC L pf vi sp u s dp Df d L dC iL ? Ahu iL p Z epe u. L pfZ L rL pd flu pspu epesp dpZ cNhpu AL pfu khpL fhpu S> kh cNhpp vi L fu iL R>, bu L pC fus cNhpp vi C iL sp u. pspu epespdpZ klAkhp L fhu CA, khp h^pfL fu R> L Ap R>u syL pC ep S> u. cNhpp vi L fhpyApApsf kp^ R>.(|hhs316)


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pZudp Df vep fpMhu, S> L pC ps pe sdp kspj fpMhpA kh B[ep ips fpMhu.

Apd L fhpu cNhp sfs k pe R>. Ap sdp vi L fhpyblpfy kp^ R>.(|h hs317).

""S>dyep App Qqfy hZ L f R>, Np L f R>, hpfhpf ikp L f R>, dfZ L fR> A spuApv pdR> , sApkkpfp hplp pi L fpfp App QfZpfrhvp A kdedp S> vi pe R>''(cpN.yfp.1&8&36) Ad cNhpu syrs L fsp Ly suA cNhpp vi hpy Dd kp^ L lgy R> .vpdpu BR>p Ahp S>qfeps p epN L fu, cNhpp csp kp cNhpp fp dpdp Apk[s fpMuApvf L fhp AcNhpp vi L fhpy Dd kp^ R> A d 3&25&34 dpvip hgy R>(| hhs318-19).

su cNhpp Ahspf L rg dy[s ps L fhpy kp^ op S>Zphg R> sdye kp^ u. fpuW uL Z L pCL hL pCL kp^u a g Ap sp s Dfu Ad dphy L kvp s kp^ L fhpu cNhpkhs a g Api. fp L pC kde pspu fpZu Z khL pk dpf dfph , su L pC dpV p Ar^L pfu ZfpZuprsfL pf L fhpp Ar^L p ps C S>sp u. iy pQpe L Zpv hNf Dd dy rApu byrdp dpl DL fgplp hpu sApAR> vp p Ahp kpm vpp opu dpn ps pe R> Ahp bp L fgpR>. Ap ipp dplhpmu [rsdp sApA fQgp R>. s h vu rh{ lphpu A cdu fQpegp lphpu dpZ u(|hhs320-25).

Ddkp^:

d S>hybuSy> L p C Z Dd-dye kp^ gpL dp u. cNhpu p[s L fhpyDd-dye kp^d S> R>. cNhp Df d D L fp{ Dd dye kp^ udvcpNhs S> R>. {rQ(Ndhp) hNf L pfZpu

d D eg lpe sp vpj hpdpAph epf s S>sp fl R>. hmu ipy op lpe sp gpqL L ruAgpqL L dpZ vp jpS>ZpC iL . s u kh ippp S>dp rZe L fhpdp Aphg R> shy, cNhpy kh dplpeS>Zphp{, udvcpNhs S> cNhp Df d L fphp{ R>. ""cNhpu c[s Apkpnps pi L fpfu R>Ad Zpf epk udvcpNhs ippp kpf fep, S>y hZ L fhpu y{j ipL dpl A OX Z ppi L fpfu fd y{j uLZdp c[s D pe R> S>'' (1&7&6&7) ""gpL dp udv cpNhsy hZL fpfpAp cNhp Df d lphpy hpdpAphsy u. su syhZ d L V hpykp^ u'' A huiL p L fhu. L pfZ L 1.ucpNhsp spey kfMu fus op, 2.csp dy Mu sy hZ A 3.hZL fpf k kpfdp hfpe A Z ucpNhsp hZp ANp R>. su p spp Ar^L pf C, ucpNhspArcpe kd csp dyMu sy hZ L fhpdp Aph sp dp AL hpf S> hZ L fhpu uL Zdp u d

D pe R>. S> gpL (kkpf) dp k|Z hfpe lpe A udvcpNhsdp S> L l g R> sdp L p CAkcrhs Ahp MpVy R> A hpS> rhQpf sp u, A S>y As:L fZ suhNfu iy eg lpe shp rhvyf S>hpAhp su Z Ar^L Dh S> hp S> lpe s s ucpNhsdp L l gu cNhpu AL S> gugpyhZ L fhpu cNhpdp d D pe R>, sp R>u ApMp cpNhsyhZ L f sp s d pe sdp i L p S>iu? su dye Ar^L pf ps hpdp L pC Z kvl S> u. su udvpQpeQfZ udvcpNhsp hpsrhLAp rhQpf L fu, s Ap rZe L fu shpvurb^p ucpNhsp L fZdp s A vip hg R>. sA yop spcNhpdp k|Z L pf c[s pe R> S>. hmu D ep bpv c[s ips bu S>su u, fsy gspu W qvhk-qvhk h^su S>C, uLZ a g ps L fph s hu D pe R>. su c[su BR>pfpMpf Ahe ucpNhspL fZyk|d rfunZ L fhy (|hhs 326&329)


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d L^-Ar^Lpf

dP NgpQfZ:uL Z fdpv vigugpeyskvp&khcskdypf rhazfsf y d:&&

udvcpNhsdp f hsy (fb) "uL Z' L lg R>. su Apfcdp d gp L uudvpQpeQfZ uLZu sy rs L f R>. fb pspu Avf flg ""fd kpve l L V L fy '' Ahu BR>pukpL pf C L V pe R>. skpL pf h s S> "uL Z' R> . su uLZ A L pC rhc|rs u, fsy fb S>R>. hmu s fdpv lpC a g Z R>. skvp vi L pfu gugp L ep L f R>. s vi gugpAphpmp cNhpuLZy hZ L fhpu s ps pe R>. p spp kh cspp Dpf L fhp A kpL pf h ^pfZ L fu L V

hpyA V gAhspf ghpy sdyepS> R> . sdpu Ar^L L pC R>S> rl. s kh u Dd R>. Ahspf gepf sd syrs L fhpdpAph s re lp hpu Apfcdp udvpQpeQfZ sd d L fR> 1

udvcpNhsp A sp Arcpe kpfu fus Zhpdp Aph s dpV S> udvpQpeQfZ cpNhsp L fZ fQgyR>. s kpfu fus ZhpdpV

1ip

2L ^

3L fZ

4Aepe

5hpe (gpL )

6v (iv) sp

7Anf

Akps p A bfpbf Zhp CA. Ap kpsp Adp L pC Z rhfp Aphshu fus , k|Z cpNhsdpN|pegpAL S> A Zhpdp Aph epf ucpNhsp A sp Arcpe bfpbf S>Zpe. Ap kpsp A R>.ee Anfpp Z A R>. L V L -L V L A L fhpdp Aph sp s A L [s pe. S> d cNhp Ahehue ei u op A hfpe AR> NyZp hpmp R> sd ucpNhspA Z bpf L ^p hN fp AhpmpR>.Ahu fus ip hN f kpsp rhfp rhpp AL A S> Z s kkpfu dys pe R> . Aphu dy[s; c[shpdpV S>fu R>. Ap kps L u ip, L ^, L fZ AAepe p A ucpNhsp L fZdp udvpQpeQfZviphg R> A bpL up Zp Aukybpr^udp S>Zphgp R> 2

1.ipp A:

Apv lqfu gugp AucpNhsipp A R>. Apv cNhpu gugp Z Apv S> R> ,A khp vy:Mp lfpfu R>. su vy:Mp pi L fpfu A kyM (Apv) cNhpu gugp p s S>y{jpp R> Ahp ucpNhsipp AR>.


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udvcpNhs cNh R> s u pW L fu sy ^pfZ L fhpu, cpNhsp hu cNhp S> ^pfZL fgp Zhp. vedpfl gp cNhp S> L peL f R> s Ap dpZ cpNhsp hu ^pfZ L fgp cNhp Z

L f R>. spA Z k|Z Z gplpe sp Ap Aphy (cNh ) R> Ahyop c[sp AN lphpu,spu cNhpy op pe R> As u cNhp c[s Ap R>.

2.L^p A:

Apv lqfu gugp udvcpNhspA R> Ad Df L l gy R>. Ap lqfu gugp vi L pfu lphpyucpNhsdpS> L lgy R>: ""Al]

1kN

2rhkN

3p

4pjZ

5ErsAp

6dhsfp

7CipyL p

8rfp

9dy[s

A10

Ape L lgp R> ''(cpN.yfp.2&10&1) Ap vi gugpApy uu bpfdp ky up vi L ^p dp Ay drZ L fgyR> .

Ap vi Dfps "Ar^L pf' Z cNhpu gugp R>. fsy s dye gugp u, Z dye gugpdpDepNu gugp R>. Ar^L pfu W S> kp^p AV g kh L pfp op Z cNhpu gugp R> . L pfZ L kh L pfpop, hZ hNf c[sp ANp R> . Ap Z dye gugpApp AN lphpu dye gugp NZpe rl,R>spipp A dp AppZ kdph i hp CA. su vi dye gugp Ab dye gugpAp p AN gugpA kh y rZ udvcpNhsdp L fgy R>. su sp bpf L ^ R>. lgp L ^dp Ar^L pfuy A buL ^dp kp^p y rZ L fgy R>. dye gugpAp sp vi S> fl R> , u h^su L u OV su. Ap dpZucpNhsp bpf L ^p lphp R>sps A L S> ip Ahp yfpZ R> A slqf S> R>. Ap yfpZ ivuAAu Z cNh R>.

ucpNhs cNh R> A cNhp y{j R> . ""y{j MfMf bpf ANhpmp R>'' A yrs dpZ

y{jp bpf ANpR>, s u Z ucpNhsp bpf L ^p R>. yrs dpZ rhQpfsp b kpmp, bbpl Ap, rif,ve, b lsp, bQfZp A b sp A y{jp bpf Ahehp R> .

1-2lgp Abu L ^ b QfZ R>. s dpZ Ar^L pf A op A b cpNhs y{jp b QfZpR>.3-4kN A rhkN (u A Qpp L ^) b bpl (Mcpu L pZu ky ^up cpN bpl A L pZuuApPNmuAp ky up cpN ls L l gp lphpy A Y ]QZu uQ p cpN QfZ L lgp lphpy S>Zpe R>)Ahp L f R>.5-6p A pjZ (pQdpA R> p L ^) b kpmp R>.

7,12kpsdp L ^ Abpfdp L ^ b ls R>. kpsdp A bpfdp L ^ b ls lp e spucpNhs L vygpNiA hu iL p pe spZhy L kpsdyL ^ hpdls R> A s KQp fpMu cNhp cs pspu pkbpgphR>.8-9 ApW dp A hdp(dhsfpA CipyQqfs) b sp R>.10 vidpL ^ (rfp ^) "de' Ahp ve R>.11 ArNepfdpL ^ (dy[s) rif R> .12 bpfdp L ^ (Ape) vrnZ ls R>.

cNhp S>hp cpNhs ep, shpy Al] hZ L fgy R>. Ap (ucpNhs) bpf ANhpmp lqf ps


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S> R>.

L V gpL Dpkp L fpfpApA d dpR> L d dpZ Dpkp L fhpu S> a g ps pe. su sApy{jp Ahehpp d dpZS> L ^p lphpy L l R> . bQfZp lgp b L ^p , bkpmp u A Qpp L ^, L qV pQdp, Ny Aheh R> p, Dvf kpsdp, ve ApW dp, b L fphdp, dy M vkdp, ggpV ArNepfdpA rif bpfdp L ^ R> . sdp L qV dpA V gpQdp L ^dp dgp pf S> hp fL p R>. Dpkp L fpf Aphufus Dpkp L f sZ epe R> 3-10&&

Z cpjpAp:

epk cNhpp Ahspf lphpu sdy sS> Adp R>. hu A NyZu s OZp dpV p R>.udvcpNhs A sdu kdpr^cpjp R>.

udvcpNhsdp L pCL mop hNf u ikp L fgu R>, epL L pdpApNm-pR>mp rhfp hpdpAph R>A epL sp s S> hps a fu L lhp (y {[s) hNfvp jp hpdp AphR> . syL pfZ A hy R> LudvcpNhsdp Z cpjpAp R>:

1.kdpr^cpjp2.dspsfcpjp A3.gpqL L cpjp.

1.epkA S>V gprhje kdpr^u Zu L p s "kdpr^cpjp'.

2.spu rh{ rhje epL lg R> s "dspsfcpjp' R> .3.A gpL dp rk rhje ep L lg lpe s"gp qL L u cpjp' R>.

s L u dspsf cpjp A gpqL L u cpjp bpgpfp Arcpe |fsu dpZ R>, fsys dpS> rhjeS>Zphg lpe skb^dp kdpr^cpjpu W k| Z fus dpZ u. su S> Ap b cpjpAp kp kdpr^-cpjpp rhfp flsp u. Ap b cpjpApudv cpNhsdp epL lgu R> s ep viphhpdp Aphi .

Ap Z cpjpAp S>Zpe L hu fus ? Ahp EW , sp Zhy L kpdpe red sfuL udvcpNhsdpkh kdpr^cpjp R> , fsyep ""l buy L lgy L l Ry>'' Ad uiyL L lg lpe ep sZ

fdscpjp L lhp dpX u R> Ad Zhy.

A 10&79&16 hNfu W ep gpqL L fusu hZ L fgy lpe ep gpqL L u cpjp L lgu Zhu. ApbcpjpApdp kdpr^cpjpu rh{ S> L p C L lg R> srhQpf| hL Zu C L lg lphpu, Ap rhfp vpju.

Z cpjpApu hs y{jp uL Zu gugp A S> cpNhsp rhje R>. Ap hZu cNhpuL Z Df Ahe d sp lp hpu A d S> sd ps L fhpydye kp^ lphpu udvcpNhsp A kpfu fuskd sy hZ hNf L fhp CA&&10-12&&


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Ar^L pf, kp^p Ahp kh L pfp op A kN hN f cNhpu vi gugp Ahp Ay d

ucpNhsp bpf L ^pp Aep. vf L L ^dp L V gpL L fZp A Aepep lpe R>, s u lh vfL L ^gC sp L fZpp sp Aepepp AS>Zphhpdp Aph R> .

2-3LfZpp sp Aepepp A:

d L ^dp Ar^L pfy rZ L f gy R>. su psp=hZ L fpf A hsp=hZ L fphpf pAr^L pfyAp L ^dp rZ R> . hS>Zphpfp Ar^L pf R>. Ar^L pf lpe s cpNhsp h, A sp Arcpe y op C iL sy u.

hZ L fpf (psp) Ahsp p Ar^L pf A l gp L ^pA R>. App L fZp b L pf pX uiL pe R>:

1.Aepep A dpZ A2.vi AL pg epdp gC.

1.Aepepp AdpZ L fZ pX sp, |g fus Ar^L pf Z L pfp R>:1.kp^pfZ, 2.Akp^pfZA3.Ny Zu f Ahp rNyZ. k|d fus Ap Ar^L pf ApNZuk L pfp R>. kp^pfZ Ar^L pf h L pfp,Akp^pfZ Ar^L pf h L pfp A NyZu f Ar^L pf AL L pfp A dpZ ApNZuk L pfp Ar^L pfhpu ApNZuk Aepedps y rZ L fgy R>. lgp h Aepepdp kp^pfZ, vidpu AY pfdp ky up hAepepdp Akp^pfZ, AApNZukdp Aepedp rNy Z Ar^L pfy rZ L f gy R>. lf L pC h Nd s

rsp L Nd shp NyZ rhpp lp e spZ ucpNhsy hZ L fhpu BR>phpmp lp e sp s Ar^L pfu R>,AhpAp L ^p A R> .

2.vi A L pg epdp gC L fZ pX sp Z Ap L ^p Z L fZp pe R>:1.lu Ar^L pfyL fZ. 2.ded Ar^L pfy L fZ A 3.Dd Ar^L pfy L fZ. Ap dpZ L fZ pX sp , lgp ZAepepy lgy, Qppu R> p ky up Z Aepepy buSy> A kpsdpu Ap NZukdp ky up sf AepepyuSy> L fZ pe R>. Ap L fZpdp psp Ahsp b p Ar^L pf S>Zphgp R>12&&-14&&

Lpu kNrs:

iL p:udvcpNhsu L ppkb^ bfpbf u, L pfZ L s epkA fey A s iyL vhS>Zpey(12&13&19). iyL furns L y epf k|s ep-ep s hZ L ey A k|s ipL p u ip L hNfFrjAps L y Ad udvcpNhsp Apf cdpS> L lgy R>. su epf epkA ucpNhs fey epf sp iy Ls furns L lg lsy A k|s-ipL p khpv ep S> lsp R>sp Ap khpvp DM ucpNhspApfcdpS> Lhu fus ep ?''

kdp^p:Ahu iL p L fhu, L pfZ LulqfA ps epkp Ahspf gC dPNg hNf lgp L lu, R>uS> hps s kde eg lsp fsy crhedp hpp lsp s kdpr^u Zu (Sy >Ap 1&7&3-7) kN kpgpL u S>Zphg R>. su iyL vh S> L p furnscrhedp L l hpp lsp, sdpS> fp L fhpp lsp A


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uiyL sp S> Df Aphpp lsp s, A s L p kpcmuip L hNfp u k|s S> L p sd L lhpplsps kh pspp vedp Apey s gp L ucpNhsdp L lg R> 14&&-17

ucpNhsu ffp:

""iy b kpL pf R>, dpep su Dd i[s R>, spu khg dp l (D) pe R>A c[s(kkpfdpu) kpnpsdys L fphpfu R> ''. Aphu L p cNhpp s bp L l gu AbpA s pfv L l gu.hmu epk, S>dy hpe kh dpZ NZpe R>, s ^d Zpf uL Z dp l D L fu (c[srkhpep), kh kp^p rfL R> A d S>Zpey. pfv epk sd L y , R>sp epk p s cNhppAhspf lphpy Arcdp lphpu sds bfpbf S>Zpey rl (Sy >Ap1&4&14-33). s u pfvS> L lg s S>rhje sdZ kdpr^u ep (1&7&3-7) A R>u kh kp^p L fsp c[s Dd R> Ad cpNhsdp sdZS>Zpey. ucpNhs epku kdpr^cpjp lphpu dpZ R>. hmu cNhp sp b p bp L ep, bpApfv A pfv epkbp L ep, Ahu ffp gu^ Z s dpZ R>, fsy Arcdp gu^ ffpvybg R>17&&-21&&

Df ucpNhsu ffp L lgu R>. cNhpb pA bpA pfv S>hy ucpNhs L y , shypfv epk Ahp k|s ipL L lg u fsy sAp ps S> hp spA kdS> gp shy pspp hQpu L lg.su ucpNhsp A sdZ ps-pspp Ar^L pf dpZ Ap R>p Ahp h^pf S>Zphg. su k|s Ahppfv Z ucpNhspk|Z A S>Zpeg rl lp hpu, sp k|Z Ay op hpdpV dye Ar^L pfuS>f R>, Ahpl gp L ^pA OV phhpp R>. s u Apdp Z L fZp L lgp R> . hmu ucpNhspkN,(sy op hpp) kp^pA sy a g S>Zphhy AZ Ap Z L fZpy epS> R>.

lgp L fZdp AskN S>Zphg R> (1&3&39-45). bu L fZu dedp ucpNhsy hZhNfcNhpu p[sy dy e kp^ lphpyA bu kp^p L pdp lp hpy S>Zphg R>(1&5&8-22). Au L fZp Apfcdp S> ucpNhsu Dr, hr A spu c[s D hpyL l g R> (1&7&3-8).

ucpNhsp kN ep-epS> d-sd L fhppu, fsy iy , supApe L fpfp, OZp dp V py{jp s dpV p p L f spS> L fhp ep e R>. pspyop sd S>Zphu, sApp ucpNhs dpV p ApvfY L fu, R>u ucpNhsp kN L fhp. sd L fhpdp Aphsp kN (L fhp)u a g ps sy u. hmu epkA pfvp khpvu kp^ S>Zphg R>(1&5&8-22). s k hpvu Ad S>Zphgy R> L opp Arcdphpmp

lpe, rkps Zhp R>spZ ps opu R> A d dpsp lpe, s ucpNhs L l hy CA. su S>""cNhpp NyZpy Np L eyu su sdpfp Apdp ksp j ep u'' Ad pfv epkS>Zpey , fsybpA S>cpNhs psp L l g s epk L l g u. pR>mu MpVy op ps L fu, s dpV p (psp DviL fpf)p oppZ pspp opdp k hpvu sp kspj gu^kdphi L fhp BR> R> s Z ucpNhsL lhy CA. sdS> ucpNhsp hZu, hZ L fpfdp kpnps cNhpph i pe R>, sp khkvlpv|f pe R>, skh rc e pe R> AcNhp Df s OZp S> d pe R> A hyucpNhsy a g furnsAiy L p kdpNdu epyZ Ap kdpNdp As S>Zph gyR> (12&6&2-7)21&&-22&&&

d Ar^L pfhpmpp sp:


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cNhpu Lpu S> kkN egp R> s hp supA eop u rh egp Dd y{j e| hLuL Zkb^u L f (1&1&4-5) epf ucpNhs L l hpu hr C iL. Aphp psp Z AL pAL

ucpNhsp Dvi L fhpepe u, fsy s p veu funp L fuS>, s epe S>Zpe sp S> Dv i L fhp,AhpL pf epkA ucpNhsdp vip hg R>. ucpNhsyop kpdpe fus ps L fhpu BR>p lp e sphspA p s s AV L phu v hu CA. su ipL u Aphu BR>p lgp Aepedp hpdp Aphspk|s buA u Aepepdp kpdpe hps S>Zphu s AV L phu. AV L phhp R>sp Z R>u rhij BR>p pe spL pphi L fphhp. ipL 1&4&2-13 gpL p u rhij Zhpu BR>p viphsp, k|scpNhsu Dr L hufus C s L lu L pp hi L fpep . R>u Z Ar^L |R>hpdp Aph sp ucpNhsu L p L l hu. kpsdpAepedpcpNhsu Dr L p R>u Z ipL Ar^L L ep epf k| s L p L lhp dpX u. ucpNhsu L pAphu fus S> L lhu CA. lf L pC ep-ep L lhu epe u22&&&-25

hsppAr^Lpf:

hsp 1ucpNhsp Dvi L fhpp Ar^L pfhpmp, 2kh Zpf, 3kvpe dpZ Dd hspu S>ZucpNhsyhZ L fgy lp e shp A

4cNhppcs lphp CA.

ucpNhsdp S>Zph g d hsp(k|s) hfpefrls lsp. sZ uiyL pku cpNhsy hZ L f gy(1&3&45), R>sp sk|s "y fpZu' lphpu ucpNhsu L p kcmphhu ssp ^ ^plsp. s u s hZya gfurns S>hy dey . L k|s ipL hNf hZ L fpey epf s du pku L pC gu^g rl, R>sp ucpNhsyfpZ Apd cNhpy h S> R> . su S> sp rh e L f (NyS>fpdpV DepN L f), sds rh eu S>(^ hNf) a g ps pe s rkhpe buSy> a g Apsy u. su k|s lu(lgL p) Ar^L pfhpmphsp R>26-27

pfvbp pku cpNhsy hZ L f g R>sp sDd Ar^L pfhpmp hsp u, L pfZ L pfv brj lpC kh g L pd-L pS>dp N| peg flsp lphpu sd Y hfpe ep lsp . pfv |Z op lsy R>sphfpe |Z lphpu s ded Ar^L pfhpmp R> . k|s cpNhsy dp ip[vL ivy op lsy . pfvip[vL u kp Ay op Z lsy, fsy h fpe krls shy op sp dp iyL S> lsy. cNhpp pspdpAphi pe s dpV hsp hfpeu S>f R>. hfpe lpe sp opu rhd|Y C S>hpe. dpZ(ip) L fspde(cNhp)ybg Ar^L R>. su ipy k|Zop lp hp R>spcNhpu BR>pu pfv h fpe eyrl.

cpNhs sp ""S>y hZ L fhpu ip L dpl A OX Z v|f L fpfu fd y{j uL Zdp c[sD pe R>'' (1&7&7) Ad su Drp kNdp L lg a g L fsp Ar^L a g Apsy u. s u S>

Ar^L pfp rhjedp hfpe Sy>vy L lgy R>, A s u S> furns hfpe eyAd S>Zphhp kpsdpu AY pfdpky up bpf Aepep L lgp R>. hfpe ps eyepf S> furns hZ L fhpp Ar^L pf ps ep A s uS> iyL pku qfnus hZ L fsplsp epf pfv epk hN f Z hZ L fpfpApdp cmgp (1&19&17).su kkpfdphfpe ps L fu ucpNhsy hZ L fhy . Ad (hfpe ps) L fhpu (hZ L fhpp) Ar^L pfa g R> . rhjepdp vp jp Aych hpu (kkpfdp) hfpe pe R>. hfpe hpy Ap kp^ lphp R>sp k| scNhpp pd cpNhsp rh e L fhpu A pfv vhrj Zpp Ar^L pf lphpu, Dd hsp pseg u. iyL vh pd cNhp (ucpNhs)p rh e L fsp lsp A hmu sdkkpfdp hfpe Z lsp;su sdpdpk| s sp pfv dpS> vp j lsp s lphpu s Dd hsp R> .


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iyL Dd Ar^L pfu lsp sp epk pk u cpNhsyhZ L ep R>u Dd c[s ps sp sdsfs cNhpdp h i(dpn) ps Ld ep? A hu iL p L fhu. L pfZ L Y c[s ps pe epf

cNhpdpsfs hi hpy AV L phpfu Z cNhpu L p S> R>. L p S> csp yd ey AV L phpfu R>28-29

psppAr^Lpf:

pspApdp lu Ar^L pfhpmp p sp ipL R>. s1eo hNf L ddp Apk[shpmp lsp (1&1&4),

2riepOZp fpMsp A

3hsp k|s (suu i| lphpu sp)u ps Dd R> Ahydpsp , su s hZy

k|Z a m ps eyrl. ucpNhs hZ L ep R>u Z s k kpfdph fpe hNf ps ep; R>sp syucpNhsy hZ eNey Ad dphy , L pfZ Ls su ipyY op hpu cNhp dp, cNhp[spkp^ OZu c[s C A su cNhpu L pu (c[s kp^ lphpu) L dpfp S> s dpn pshpp.

epk kkpfdp h fpe lsp, sdS> (sdp hsp) pfv Z lsp, R>sp epk luAr^L pfhpmp psp u, fsy ded Ar^L pfhpmp psp R>. ( L eo hNf L ddp Apk[s, riep fpMhpA hsp L fsp l Ar^L Ry>A hu dpesp A vpjp epkdp Z lsp, R>sp) b Ny Zp gu^ s ip L L fspAr^L (Ar^L pfhpmp) R>. 1.s sL u pspu dm S> op ps L fu isp A 2.sApcNhpp opphspflsp. ApV gy lp hp R>sp s ApDd psp u, L pfZ L s Ap cNhp[sp Sy>vp-Sy>vp OZp kp^p lphpy dpsp. kp^p Sy>vp-Sy>vp OZp R> Ahy s dy op Y lsyA pfvp Dvi s u vybg lsp. s Dv iukp^p OZplphpu dpesp v|f C s u sded psp R>, Dd psp u30-31&&

furnseo hNf L d dpApk[s lsu. riep sp lsp S> rl. hsp iyL L fsp l h^pf ophpmp Ry> AhyArcdp Z lsy . bpZpip hpu fpe s NP NpsV Ne g, su sk kpfdp hfpe Zeg. su uiyL s cpNhs L y sV gpu S> ssdp kvl flhpu hZy a g ps ey , su furnsDd Ar^L pfhpmp psp R>. s Dd psp R>A hps Dd L fZdp L lhpdp Aphi 31&&-32&&

d L fZ:

k|s ApMyA cpNhs ipL hNf L lgyR>. R>sp Ap l gy L fZ pfcp Z Aepepy S> R>,L pfZ L ipL S> |R> R> s p k|s kpdpe fus pspphsp sfuL p Ar^L pf S>ZphhpdpV Df Ap R> .L pp Apfc L fhpA S> Ap Dfp dy e A R>.

k|s b L pfp Df L l R>:1.Ap L ^p bu A u Ab Aepep sZ hs fus L l gpR>. Ap b Aepepu s pspp ucpNhsu L p L lhpp Ar^L pf S>ZphR> (Sy>Ap 1&3&40-45). 2.buDfp S>s Ap R> s ucpNhs sfuL Ap R>. s u sDfpp Ap L fZdp kdph i sp u. Ap lgpL fZu dp k|sp L p L lhppAr^L pf S>Zph g R>. su Ap L fZ Ap L ^p u Aepe ky uy S> R>,fsy ApMy cpNhs k|s ipL hNfL l g lphp R>spL p | fu pe epky uy Ap L fZ u. Ap L fZuL p L lhpp k|spAr^L pf rk ep epf R>u s L p L l i. k|s Ap L ^p bu L fZdpcpNhs fQpepy L pfZ L li A u L fZdp cpNhsu Dr A hr epy L li, fsy s-srhjep pspp Ar^L pfS>Zphhp L lspu, fsy ucpNhsp AN sfuL S> L l R>. (su sp Ar^L pf viphhp L lgp u).


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iL p:cpNhsp AN sfuL L lhpdp Aph su hspp Ar^L pf rk sp lpe, sp ded L fZ

(Aepe 4-6) A Dd L fZ (Aepe 7-19) u pfvpA uiyL p Ar^L pf Z rk pe, L pfZLs L fZp ucpNhsp AN sfuL L lgp R>.

kdp^p:Ahu iL p pe sp Zhy L bup hQp L l hpdp Aph epf s L l pf ps s L lhppAr^L pfhpmpu A d rk pe R>. Z ps S> hQp L lsplpe sp s L lhpp s Ar^L pf R>S> AdS>Zpe. lu L fZdpk|s p spp hQp L l R>, su sps L lhpp Ar^L pf rk pe R>, ded L fZdppfv pspphQp L l R> , sk| s ipL hNf S>Zph R>, su s L lhpp Ar^L pf pfvp R> . Dd L fZdpsp psp(furns) p S> Ar^L pf vip hg R> A dp furns L fg p S> L lgp R> . sp Df buL ^p AY u Aepepu iyL Apu psppAr^L pf rk L f R>. p sppAr^L pf dye lp hpu Dd L fZdps S> S>Zph g R>. hsp (iyL )pAr^L pf V lphpu s Ap L ^dp S>Zph g u. Dd hsp (iyL )pAr^L pf cNhpp Qqf lphpu, cpNhsu kdp lpC lgp L ^dp S>Zphg u, fsy bu L ^plgp AY u Aepepu S>Zphg R>. su S> dP NgpQfZ Z s L ^p Qpp Aepedp L fgy R> (Sy >Ap2&4&12-24). su ded A Dd L fZdp L lgp Dfp pfv L l gp A k| s L lgp Ad b L pfpR>33&&-35

ded LfZ:

ded L fZp Z Qppu R> p ky up Z Aepe R>. sp hspp Ar^L pf pfvp R>. L pfZ LucpNhs fQhpp epS> Ahp L pfZ s epk L l R>. pfv epk cpNhsp bp^ L fhp Aphg u,L pfZ Lepk (cNhpp opphspf lpC) pfvu Dd R> . epk ucpNhs fQhy AyL pfZ Ahp epS>

epk S>Zphhp S> sAph g R>sphsp sfuLp s Ar^L pfu R> .

Dd Ar^Lpfy LfZ

Dd Ar^L pfp L fZdpAp L ^p kpsdpu ApNZukdp ky up s f Aepepu psp furnspAr^L pf viphg R>. hsp iyL p Ar^L pf sp lphpu Al] Mpk L lg u. su Ap L ^dp pspp Ar^L pf S>Zphsp dp S> L lg R> (1&19&38-39).

Ap p Df bu L ^dp l gp AY u Aepepu iyL Api A sV gpu s p hsp sfuLpAr^L pf rk i (Ad pR>m L lgy R>). iyL p ephlpqfL Ar^L pf sp lphpu L lhpu S>f u. AL

(bu L ^) u S> kpdpe fus ucpNhsp ANp iy L L lgp R> A lgp L ^p lgp Aepedp kpdpe ( 1-2) A cNhp kb^u Mpk Ahp b L pfp p lphpu iyL b (L ^ bup busp u) Aepepu Df Apgp R>, fsy Ap Aepepu V| L pZu dp Df k|Qhgp S> R>. hpsrhLk|ZcpNhsu kh p p Df pe R>. ucpNhsp bp^ L fsp, Apfcdp bu L ^u uiyL spANp L lgp R> A s p hsp sfuL p Ar^L pf Z ucpNhsy AN lp hpu lgp b (AY u) Aepepu sZ L lg R>. b^y cpNhs lgp L ^p lgp AepedpS>Zphg pp Df S> R> , su s AepeApMp cpNhsp Aepe L lhpe R>37-39

Aepe lgp


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Ap l gp Aepe Aepe R> Ad Df S>Zpey. ucpNhsdp b^ cNhppbp L fhpp R>.cNhp AV g cNhpmp. Ahe, hue, ei, u, op A hfpe A R> NyZp "cN' L lhpe R>. su ipL

hNfdy rAp cNhp kbû R> p L f R>. ucpNhsp A gu^ Ahu L p L fhpdpAph R> L b^pAcpNhsdp cNhp kbû bp L fhpp R> A "cN' ivpA Df S>Zph g R> NyZplp hpu, s NyZpyS> op ps L fhpy lphpu, R> p L fgp R>. "cN' ivu Zusp R> NyZpyop cpNhsu sy lp esp cpNhsu hr rfL R>, su S> Aepep R> p L fgp R>. A su k|s 1&2&5 dp Ap uL Zkbû L fhpdpV ip L hNfy Arcv L f R>. Ap R> pAy d Ap Aepep gpL 8-10, 11-16, 17-22 A23 gpL u L f gp R>. ApMye cpNhs Ap pp Df lphpu, sdpkh m gugpuLZy S> rZ L fgy R>A s u S> ApMp Nu kNrs pe R>. Ap R> L u vfL NyZy b-b L ^p urZ L fgyR> .

lgp b L ^p dp opy, u A Qpp dp hfpey, pQdp AR> pdp p A p jZ bL pfp huey kpsdp AApW dpdp l gpv dy hNf p hpsu Ahey, hdp A vidp dp eiy AR>gp b L ^pdp cNhp hdp fdZ L f R> A d rk sy lphpu sdpu uy rZ L f R>; AhpAhe, ^d, ei, u, op A hfpe A R> L u vf L ^dy lgp L û Apfcu bpfdp ky up b -bL ^pu Ay d rZ L fgy R> Ad OV phhy .

Ap pp k|s pspp Ar^L pf OV phhp b (bu A u) Aepepu Df Ap R>. buAepedpQpf p p Au Aepedp b pp Df Ap R>. Ahp uky bprûdp vipeyR> sd Ab AepepdpkfMp AV g Z-Z p p Df Ap R>. ukybprûdpAd S>Zphg R> L lgp a mkbû A bu kp^ kbû p cNp L fu sdp Df bu Aepep 6-22 gpL pu Apg R>

A 23-29 ky up gpL u L pu c[s L fhu s S>Zphg R>. cNhpp L dpkbû Qpp p Df 30-34 ky up gpL pu Apg R>. u Aepedp Ahspfpkbû p Qdp p Df lgp R>huk gpL puApg R> A 27 sp 28 dp gpL dp kpdpe fuss dp h sp a m L lgpR> . R> p p Df 43 dpgpL u Apg R>. u uLZphspfp ep S>kbû pDf Apg lphpu, s kbû p sppAopp bQph L fhp Ahspfp Zu iL pe s hp lpsp u Ad 29 dp gpL u Apfcu L l R>. suukybprû dpZ lgp bu AQpp p p Df bu AepedpA pQdp-u-R> p p p Dfu Aepedp k|sApg R> . Qpf pp Df bu AepedpApg R> A d NZuA epf s Aepep23-29 ky up gpL pu u uLZphspf kbû p Df Ap gp Zhp Au Aepep 1-42 ky up gpL pu Ahe S>Zphpfp Ahspfpkbû pp Df Apg Zhp. Ap dpZ Df Apg

lphpu Ad S>Zphg R>L vf L p Sy>vp sp b^pp cNp Df Aphp CA40-42&&

hpep:

hpep(gp L p) A ukybprûdp Apg R>, R>sphpepp A p kfhpmpA S> Aepep AR>A d S>Zphhp uQAp Aepep hpepp A Aphpdp Aph R> .

gpL :1. dPNgpQfZ.2-3. ucpNhsu sp.


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4-5. ucpNhsp kN (sphp-)6-8. k|su syrs.

9. R> p L u lgp kp^pfZ (^d kbû) ,10-11&&.bu opkbû .12-23.uL Zkbû Qpf p.

(1)uL Zphspfp epS>kbû 12 sp uL Zphspfy dplpe 13-16.(2)uL ZpQqfskbû 17.(3)uL Zp Sy>vp-Sy>vp Ahspfpu L p kbû 18.

Ap Z pAL kp L f gp R>, L pfZ L Ap pu Ad k|QhgyR> L cNhp uL Z c|sg DfrhfpS>sp lsp epf S> gp L p lsp sd dy[sy vp L fsp. sdZ Ahspf ^pfZ L fu csp, epNuApA opuAp dy[s Apu. 1.cspdy[s Aphp sp sdZ Ahspf S> ^pfZ L f g. 2.kr fQhu hNf psppQqfpu (sZpf) opuAp dy[s Apsp A 3.p spp hu (sy ep L fpf) epNuAp dy[sApsp. Arhrls (hs) c[s L fpfpAppZ sdp -Apdpkdph i pe R>, AV ghs csp ZcNhp hu kkpfdpu dys L fphg. lh uL Zkbû QppA L S> fp. s AL gp S> ApZu kdp bghpmp lphpu Sy>vpS> L l g R>, L pfZ L crhedp psAhspf c| sg Df rhfpS>sp rllpe epf ep kpû kh dy [s Api s kbû A R> . A kp^ L fhpu pspu epesp ZS>Zphhu CA, su s |R>ep lgp FrjAp (ipL hNf) 19-22 gpL u s kp^ (ucpNhsyhZ) L fhpu pspu epesp S>ZphR> A 23 dp gp L u R> p | R> R>.

cNhp uL Z Qpf d|rshpmp lphpu, sdp kbû Qpf p |R>g R>. hvp L dL pX AopL pX Ahp b L pX lphpu A uL Z s b L pX p p A lphpu ^dkbû ( lgp) Aopkbû ( bu) Ahp bp |R> gp R>. su lgp b puL Z kp kb^ S> u A d dphy, fsy dpNp cvu S> A-Ap L f gp R>. Ap pu AV g lgp Aepeu Ad S>Zphg R> L S>ucpNhs Zhpu BR>phpmp lpe s Apfcdpsy hZ L fhpp, A S> Z ucpNhsy hZ L fgy R>s ,sL l hppAr^L pfu R> 42-46

Aepe bu:

lh Ahu S> fus bu Aepep gpL pp A L luAR>uA.

1.dp k|sp Dkpl A L p L lhpy L pfZ,2-3.u k|s uiyL dL pf L f R>.4.u k|s ipp Apfc L fhpy S>ZphR> .5.u k|s ipL hNfA| R>gp ppArcpe S>Zphusp y Arcv L fR>.

6-10. A pQ gpL u lgp ^d (L d) kbû p Df Ap R>, L pfZ L L d (A[lp ,vi|Zdpk, rY iyepN, Qpsydpk A kpd) pQ L pfyR>.


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11-22 A bpf gpL pu bu opkb^u p Df Ap R>, L pfZ L y{j bpf L pfp

ANhpmp lphpu keop kb^u rhQpf bpf gpL u Ap R>. ""rs kf hpmp R>'' A yrs dpZhvp ApV gp S> (pQ L pfyL d A y {j yop) A R> . su hvp Ap rZe S>Zphhpdp kf gpL pL lgp R>. Apu Ad k|QhgyR> L hvdp A u Ar^L Nrs u (AV g Apu Ar^L a g hvu ps syu).Ap d L lg R>, L pfZ L L d Ay{jp opp rZe pe epf S> cNhp p NyZpy hZ hNfpe R> .su hZ hNf C iL s dpV S> Ap b pp Df Apep. R>u Apvf|h L cNhpp NyZpyhZ hN fL fsp, cNhpdp d D pe R>. R>u cNhpu hZ hNfL fpf Df urs pe R>. R>u s p DpfL fhp cNhpp Ahspf hNfpe R>, Ahp d R>47-49

23-29. A kps gpL pu cNhpp S>d (Ahspfp) hpy L pfZ L lgy R> . (Apu pDf NZu iL pe. sd L fhpu Ap AepedpQpf pp Df Apgp NZpe). cNhp p Ahspfp csppDpf L fhp pe R>. Ap Ahspfpdp b L pf R> . lgp pQ(23-27) gpL pu khNyZ lphpp S>ApdprQe pe R> shp Ahspfpy cS> L fhpy L lgy R>, L pfZ L rhQpf L fpfp pQ R> . (cNhvNusp 18&14dpS>Zphgp Ar^ p, L sp, [h^ L fZ, rhrh^ Qp A vh A pQ dye S> L p C L d L f R> , sp L pfZlphpyL l gyR> ) Dd c[s pe A rhQpfyepS> R>. hmu kpdpe fus b^p Ahspfp y d|m spNy Zpu fcNhphpky vh R> Ahy Zhy AZ Ap rhQpfy buSy> epS> R>. bpL up b (28-29) gpL pu NyZpuf hpkyvhp Ahspf L lgpR>.

ipL hNfA uL ZAhspf g hpyep S> |R>gy, R>spk| s kpdpe fusAhspf g hpyepS>Dfdp L y . L pfZ ipL hNf uL Zp hy op lsy . S> hy op lpe s S> sdp S>d

(Ahspf)y epS> L lhpe. S> hy op lpe s Z ep S> L lhpdp Aph sp S>d a my epS> lpe epf a m L pdy pe R> sd hp Aophpmp s (Ahspf)u sy a m L l hpdp Aph spshQ L pdy pe R>. Apu A d k|Qey R> L kh g Ap dpZ hy op R> Ad Zu S> S>dy epS> S>Zphhy CA. su S> Ap L ^p ApW dp Aepedp LysuA L fgu syrsdp d ""de y {j''Agp L u Apfcu k|s Z gpL u ipL hNf uL Zyh S>Zphi , R>u sdu OZu p hpu,sdZs ey R> A hp rQe L fu, R>u ""L rQvplfS> s '' AgpL u Apfcu uLZp Ahspfy ep S>sAp L li50-52&&

30-34. Ap Q gpL u cNhpu gugp Ahp Qqfs L lR>, A V gQpp p Df Ap R> .

Ap gpL dpAy d 1.S>Ns D L fhpu 2.sdp h i L fhpu 3.b^p c|spdp p s AL lphp R>spSy >vp-Sy>vp lpe shp vMphpu 4.cpN L fhpu A 5.fnZ L fhpu Ahu pQ gugpApL lgu R> . Ahspf gu^p lgp;pspp hdpfl gp cNhpu Ap pQ L pfu gugpApL l gu R>. Al] Ap Aepe |fppe R>.

Ahspf gu^p R>u cNhp AL L pfu S> gugpAp L f R> s u Aepedp L li . Ap uAepepA Ahp R> L (ucpNhs) hZ L fpf Cep rhpp lphp CA . Ap lu Ar^L pfhpmpp buNyZp S>Zpep52&&-53&&

Aepe u:


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gpL u cNhpp Ahspfp L p. Ap pQdp p Df ep65-65&&

28-29.u Ahspfp ^pfZ L fhpy kpdpe epS> L y. A Ap epS> sp ucpNhs S>Zpey (gp L40-42) su hQuQp Qpf rhjep L l gp R>:30-32.u cNhpy dplpe S>Zphhpdp Aph epf hu dy [s pe R>, su dy[s pe s dpV ApgpL pu hp b^ A cNhpy dplpe S>Zphgp R>,33-34.u hu dy[sp L pf A dy[s S>Zphg R>.35-36.u cNhpredy s lphpy S>Zphg R>.37.u cNhpu gugpysp cNhp y op hy Ovyg c lphpyS>Zphg R>65&&-66

38-43.u lgpp y{jpA Ap rhjey rhhfZ (ucpNhs) L fg lphpy, (40-43) sp s rhhfZulu Ar^L pfhpmp sp ded Ar^L pfhpmpAp Z c[s ps su lphpy (38-39) S>Zph g R>. DdAr^L pfhpmp sp kPn u s L lhpdp Aph su Z c[s ps pe R>, fsy lu A dedAr^L pfhpmp s hu fus c[s ps su lp hpu, c[s ps pe s dpV Df S>Zphg rhhfZ(ucpNhs) fQgy R>.

44.Ap gpL u R> p p Df Apg R>.45.ucpNhs L lhpu Ap gpL u rsop L f R>.

Ap Aepeu fley op lphy A hspp A s flep hZdp Apvf lphp A psppu NyZ lphpyS>Zphgy R> . Al] Aepe sp lu Ar^L pfy lgyL fZ |Z pe R> .

Ap L fZp Z Aepepu Ay d L .ucpNhsy hZ L fg lphy. M.Qpsye A N.fley opAZ lu Ar^L pfhpmp hspp A L .hZ L fhpu BR>p M.Cep lphu A N.flep hZdp Apvflphp A Z lu Ar^L pfhpmp pspp NyZp lphpyS>Zphg R> 65&&-66&&

ipLp :

lgp Aepep hukdp gpL dpip L hNfA cNhp uLZ hLy W dp ^pep epf ^d L p ifZNepAhp dp rhQpf hpu S> L fgp. sp Df Apsp k|s u Aepep s spgukdp gpL dp S>ZpeyL ""ldZp (uLZ hLy W ^pep R>u) ucpNhs pdp yfpZ k| ey pL V ey R>'' hNf . Ap kpcmu

ipL OZplj ep, L pfZ L gp L pspu {rQ dpZlf L p C rhjedphr L f R> , Z epfsd cppe L psS> rhjedp hr L f R> s S> ipdp dpZ NZpeg R> epf s dlj pe S>. su ipL k|s ucpNhs kbû h^pfp L f R>.

1.""cNhp iyL L lgu ucpNhsu rh L p Ad L lp '' (Aepe 4&2) Ad ucpNhsphkbû L ep. 2.""ep eyNdp ucpNhsu hr C?'' Ad su Dr kbû L epA 3.""L pu fZpu epks fey ?'' Ad su Drp L pfZ kbû L ep. Apd Ap Z dye pL ep.


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ApNm bu Z p L f R> : 1.""iyL epk pku ucpNhs ip dpV cZ ?'' Ap 1&4&4dp iyL p hcph S>Zphu k|Qhg R>. 2.""epk iyL ucpNhs L hu fus cZph!'' Ap Z 1&4&6 dp

iyL u q epy hZ L fu k|Qhgp R>. 3.""furns kphcpd fpS>gdupApvf L fu ip dpV NP Np suf dfZes Dhpk L fhp bk?'' (1&4&10). 1&3&42 dpk|s L lg L ""dfZ es Dhpk L fhp NP Npp sufbW gp furnsiyL ucpNhsy hZ L fphg'' su Ap u Dvcep.

furnsydplpe lgp ipL hNf p ZhpdpAphgy . sZdfZ es Dhpk Apvep s u sydplpe S>hykpcmgy shy R> L rl shp kv l hpu 4.sp S>d A L d kbû Z AL L ep(1&4&9). Ap Qpp ep . Ap L fhpyL pfZ Ahy R> L ucpNhsu Dr sp hr p rhjedpS> sL u rh{ lpe shy kpcmhpdpAph sp p spZ Dd a g ps pe. hmu Ap rhje Agp qL Llphpu sdp pspu L p L fpe. gpqL L rhjedp p spu BR>p dpZ L p L fu iL pe. fsy AgpqL Lrhjedp shu L p L fpsu lp hpu, S>hu L p L fhpu sLp rhfp ^ fl shu L p Ap rhjedp L fuiL pe sd lphpu, sL prhfp L hu fus flsp u A Zhp ipL Ap p L fg R>. Ap rhjedp ipL sL p rhfp S>Zpe R>, L pfZ L s Ad S>Zph R> L ""Apdp S> a g R> , A sps L fhpdp rhjep (^,fpe hNf) S> rh L fpfp R> A su b^p ipp; rhjeppS> epN L fphhpdpV fQpe gpR> . iyL spp spudmS>du S> rhjepu v|f fl gp, su sducpNhsy hZ L fhpy iy epS>? sucpNhsy hZ L fhpy (furns L l hpy) sp S>fuAepS> lp e. pspyDd S>Zphhp Z sd L fhpy iyL L pCepS> lsy, L pfZ Ls Ap l gpp S>ddp S> khu Dd |Zophpmp lsp A s u Ap S>ddpsS>pC ghpu Z S>f lsu. Ahp Dd opu ucpNhsy hZ Ahp Dvi L fhpu ipgpc? hmuuLZu L p Z A p Df Au dm S> egu. furns Z Aphp S> lsp. kphcp d fpS>gdu hNfrhjeppepN L fu NPNpp suf dfZ ky u Dhpk L fhp bW gp A cNhpu Z A p Df L p lsu su

s Z ucpNhsy hZ L fhpy iy epS>? Aphp sL p rhfp S>Zphpu ipLDf S>Zphg Z pL ep A furns Df cNhpu L p lsu s L fhp sp S>d kbû L ep.

buAp (bpvh) pArcpe A hp R> L pR>mu L f g Z psp furnsp S>dkbû uLZ rs c[s lp hp gu^ ipLk Nhi L fg R>, L pfZ Lcsp Df cNhpu Lp lp e R> Ad skpfu fus Zsplsp . Ap Arcpe epe u. hpsrhL fusl gp S> Z ucpNhsp h, DrA(Drp) L pfZ kbû L f g sS> dye p R>. spp Df Zhpdp Aphsp , bu ppDfp sdpS> kdph i C S>i, su dye p Z S> R>&&66-70

Ap Z dye p L u lgp ucpNhsp h kbû p Df bu L ^dp Api.bu Au p p Dfp Ap L ^dp Apg R>. sdp Z u p Df Ap ded L fZ (Aepe4-6) dpAp g R>. bu hr kbû ppDf Dd L fZ (Aepe 7-19) dp Api . Apu Adk|Qhgy R> L A L -AL p Df AL -AL L fZu Apg R>. L pu fZpu epk ucpNhs fey? Au p Df: pfvu fZpu fey, Ahp R>. s Df Ap L ^p Aepe 4-6 u Apg R>. QppAepedp s fQhpy L pfZ L lg R>. pQdp Aepedps fQhpu epesp S>Zph gu R>. A R> p Aepedppfv epks fQhpu fZp L f R> s R>u epk s fey A sp Ay hpv (s S> hps a fu L lhu s) ep. suAp L fZ ucpNhsu Drsy L pfZ S>Zphhpdp S> kdps pe R>. s u Ap DpvOps ucpNhsuDrsp L pfZ R>.


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ucpNhs fQhpy L pfZ Atl DpvOps sfuL S>Zphgy lphpu, Ap L fZdp L pfZp Z rhQpf

L fhp CA. su1

pfvepk ucpNhs kbû bp L fhpp ep kN lsp2

sZs dA bp L fhpy iyepS> lsy A

3pfv L pZ (Lhp y{j) lsp, A Zy h Z S>Zphhy CA(s 4-6 ky up Z

Aepepu Ay dS>Zph gy R>).

iL p:lgp Aepedpip L S> hp L fg shp S> Ap p R>. su lgp Aepedp L fg pAsp Dfp pS>d lu L fZdp kdph i L ep sd Ap pA sp Dfp u NZp Z lu L fZdpL fhu CA, L pfZ Lkdpr^pfp S>Zpe g k|Z ucpNhsdp ucpNhsu Dry L pfZ S>Zphpf sfuLAp psp Dfpp kdph i pe R> Ahu i L p L fhu. kdp^p: L pfZ L Ap sp Dfpu psp epkAhsp pfv A b a g ps epy S>Zph gy R>. cNhpp cs hyA a g p sp sp hsp bps eg lphpy Al] S>Zphg R>. AphyipL A k|sp kb^dp Ap L ^p lgp Z Aepep dpS>Zphg u. su Ap lgpu Sy>vyded Ar^L pf viphp{ L fZ NZgy R> 71-71&&

L fZp Aepepp A:pfvepk ucpNhs fQhpu S> kN gu^ fZp L fu s kN Qpp Aepedp L lgpR>. Qp p

AepedpipL L fg Ap k Np AN R>. L fZp Apfcdp L fg Ap Aepep AMp V pW fphu isp u. epk hvp Qpf cpN L ep , Brslpk A y fpZ pQdp hv fep, uAp-i|p Apddpp rhvp Aee hN fp Ar^L pf lphpu sdy L epZ k^pe s dpV cpfs fey, R>sp sdpddpkspj ep , sdksp ps C, su s y L pfZ rhQpfsp kfhsup suf s M v L fsp lspepf pfv ep sdp Apd Apep A kN R>.

S>epky hQ lphp gu^ kh S>dp rhhpk fl R> s epk S> hv hNf y a g DgVy S>Zpey .hvp rhcpN L fhp R>sp, sdS> Brslpk A (ucpNhs rkhpep) bu yfpZp gMhp R>sp s d S>ksp ps C, sp R>u sdZ L lgp Ap Brslpk Ay fpZp u Ae gpL p a g Lhu fus ps i,Ad S>Zphhp sdu rQspy Ap Qpp Aepedp hZ L fgy R>.

pQdp Aepedp epk pfv pspu Ap rQspy L pfZ |R>sp(gp .5) pfv sdDf Ap R>.pfv L l R> L ""sd (epk ) cNhpp NyZpy Np L fgyu, su sd Ap rQsp C R>. su kdprûcNhpy c[s D L fp{ Qqf Zu, sy dfZ L fp (gp.13), sdpfp Ahspfyep S> ZpA

cNhpp Qqfy V| L pZdp rZ L fp. L pfZ L cNhp y Qqf hpZu A du Z Zu iL pe shy lphpu sy k|ZrZ C iL sd u(gp .21)'' AdpZ kpdpe fus epkp p Df Apu,Apfcdp L fhpp kpû dpX u a g ps pe epky ûp kp^pAy d L lhpdpV ps sfuL pfv p spyQqf Z epkAp Aepedp L l R>.

R> p Aepedp pfv L fg kp^p kp s ps eg a g L l R> 71-73&&

epk A pfv psp sp hsp sfuLp Ar^L pfu rkr:

Ap ded L fZdp epk A pfv psp A hsp p Ar^L pf Ay dps epy S>Zphg R> .


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epk pspp hvp rhcpN L fhp hNf L peu ksp ps sp Mv ep A hps sdy cNhvuelphpy viphR>. L pfZ L S> cNhvue lp e AcNhp u Dvpku lpe scNhp Ahu fus M v L fph.

su epk cNhvue R> Ad p Qdp Aepe(gp.20-21) dp S>Zph gy R>. cNhvue lp hy A dedAr^L pfhpmpy a g R>epf cNh ps hy A Dd Ar^L pfhpmpy a g R>. iyL cNh ps L fgA fp furns Z sdp S>hp S> egp, pfv Z cNhvue eg Ad pQdp A R> p Aepepdp S>Zphgy R>.

cNhvueZyb L pfy R>: 1.cNhp pspp L pedpV Apfcu S> L p CL (L pCL cNhvue) L f R> epf s kp^ L fhpu S>f flsu u. epf 2.bu kp^p L fu cNhvue ps L f R>. kp^p L fucNhvue L hu fus hpe s S>Zphhp pfv pspp hps Ay d L l R>. Ap kp^pdpd kp^

1kkN

R>(A. gp.23-28). R>uy kp^2hp hyop A cNhp p hyop R>(gp.30-31).

R>u3cNhpp Aych pe R> L cNhp kh lphp R>spL pisp lphp R>sp L V sp u, A hp sdu

dpepp cph R>(gp.31). su cNhp kh L pisp lphp gu^ sdu p[s L fhpp rhjedp L pCL fhp u Ahp cNhpp Aych pe R> . A dpZ p sp cNhpp Ay ch ep epf R>u dprQlpu cNhpp Aych pe srf L lphpu, psp cNvue ps ep R>u Z ""lpfv Ry> '' Adsdpsp lsp. s v|f pe A V g ""l cNhpp vpk Ry>'' Ahu dpesp pe s dpV

4L dpcNhp kd Z

L fhpy Qp y kp^ L ey(gp.32-39) epf sd cNhpp kdpr^dp Ay ch ep(A.6 gp.17). R>ucNhpp hQu(gp.22-25) sd cNhvueZyps ey . Aphy S> pfv hZ L fgyR>(gp L 27,32-34)

iL p:kp^yApA pfvhp A cNhp p hp opp Dvi L ep su a g (cNhvue)

Au dm S> ps hpy. su R> p Aepedp cNhpp skdpr^dp Ay ch ephNf L l hpy L pC epS> lsy A d dphy. kdp^p: L pfZ L ivb A V g hvdp S> huZ lpe s Z ep ky u fbpkpnpL pf pe ep ky u a gu p[s su u. su pfvpsp a g (cNhvueZy) ps epy Ap R> pAepedp L lgy R>74-75&&

epk Z cNhpu opL gpp Ahspf lsp. s Ahspf lphpu S> cNhvue lsp, R>sp sdcNvueZpu p[s pfvp Dviy hZ L ep R>u S> C, su s Ahspf lphpy a g Z sd A DviyhZ L ep R>u S> ps ey . cNhvue epk ps ey Ad S>Zphhp sdZ ucpNhs feyA d ApL fZdp L l hpu S>f u, L pfZ L ucpNhs sp sdZDd Ar^L pfudpV fQ gy, su s Dd Ar^L pfp

L fZdp L l hpi. cNhvue sp epk ucpNhs fQhpp kN gu^ s p kb^u pspu dm psp{ a g R>, su sAp ded L fZdp L l g u75&&-76&&

Ap dpZucpNhs fQhpp k N gu^sp kb^u pspu dm ps p{ a m Ap L fZdp L lg lphp R>sp Ap L fZdpepkp sp pfvp ded Ar^L pf lphpy rk pe R>.1.epk cNhpp NyZNp rkhpep bu kp^pdp Apk[s lsu s cNhvueZpdp X sf lsu; s pfvp Dviu v|f C. pfv su dp cNhvue ps L fhpdp X sf lsu; s kvi sp suAX QZ Z v|f C.2.epk pfvu | hNf kp^ L ep(A.4&33). pfvkp^yAp u khp hNf kp^p L ep .


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3.epk bu kp^pp ApNl fp A pspu MpduAp lpe s S>Zphhp s dZpfv L y (A.5&7).pfvu kkpfdpu urs v|f C.

Ap Z L pfZp gu^sAp cNhvue NZpe.

pfv sp Ar^L pfu(vhrj) lsp, scNhvue Lhu fus lp C iL? A hu iL p pe sp Zhy L cNhpphQu s cNhvue ep. ApL pihpZuu cNhp s L l g L ""sy dpfp k hL Ci''(A.6&21) sucNhvueZp ded a g ps ey. epf R>u pfvyS> d ep(A.6&29, 31), R>sp su s A^dAr^L pfhpmp sp u, L pfZ Ls yS>d hpu AV g kkpfdp Aphhpu vy:M ey lsy, sdS> s fsep lsp fsy hs S> fp lsp(A.5&32). hmu sdkkpfp Ahp rhjepp ce sp lsp. susdps eg pfvZy (cNhvue sfuL flhpu) a g S> lsy (A.6&33). hmu sdkvp cNhpp vi Z sp lsp(A.6&34) su sAp cNhvue lp hpu, cNhp Df sd d lphpu, sd pfv hyS>d ps eps ded a g lsp75&&-78&&

epkZ ded Ar^L pf ps ep , fsy sdpfvu W AphpAr^L pf ps L fhpu S>f lsu. S>d pfvkepku kp^y ApA opp bp L fgps d epkbp L fhpu S>f lsu. L pfZ LsAp cNhpu opL gpp Ahspf lsp. hmu gp s S>d cNhpppdpp DQpf L fsp pfv a fsp sda fhpu Z epkS>f lsu. L pfZ L cNhpu sdp Df urs Au dm S> e gu.

Apfcdp epk pfv Df rhhpk lsp, s u S>d k|s ffpu ps eg ucpNhsipL hNfkcmpey s d ""bpp ^pddp l S> ucpNhs cZg ssd L l Ry >'' Ad pfvepk sL lg u. L pfZ LucpNhsu ffp s kde gpL dp rk lp hpu s rhjedp khu kdrs lsu.

R>spZ ""kdpr^hX cNhpp Qqfp y dfZ L fp'' Ad sp kpdpe fus L lg lpe sp Z, epkpfvL l gy kpQy R>A d dp sp S> kdpr^ L fhpu hr L f. sd lpe spucpNhsu ffp pe. pfvL lgykpQy R> Ad epkA ey epf sdZ s u ""Alp! vhrj^e R>''(A.6&38) A d syrs L fu. Apsyrsu Ad S>Zpe R>L pfv S> L lg s epkp vedp Esey . epk s ke S>Zpeys u Ap syrsuS> L fZ |Z pe R>79-80

ucpNhsu fQp A sp hZya g:

Ap dpZApMp Np DpvOps L ep. ded L fZ Ap Nu Dry L pfZ vip hp{ ey .pfvp epk pku Nep R>u sfs S> epk ucpNhs fQ sp S> pfv L fg Dvi Ap Nu

DryL pfZ NZpe. sd sp epf R>u gp bp kdeN fQhpdp Aph sp pfvp Dv i sy L pfZ NZpe. su pfv Aepk p Ap khpv ucpNhsp Ap rhQpf lp C Np DpvOps R>.

ucpNhsp b^pAhu |Z sp pe sdpV ipL A L (1&7&1) L f R>. p DfdpepkAkdpr^ L fu cpNhs fepy k|s s L l R> (A.7&3,6). R>u iyL ucpNhsp hsp hpy OV , dpV ipL bu L f R> (A.7&9). Ap bu lgp L lg(A.4&5,7) sp s S> R>. Ap L l hy OZy ApheL R> Ad S>Zphhp a fuu Ap L fg R>. iyL a g (dpn) ps eg, A sp lgp S> (iy LcNhps L f g Ad) L lgy R>. a g ps eg lphpu iyL Dd hsp R>, Ahp Ap pArcpe R>.


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ucpNhsy hZ L fhpu sy a g gp.7dp k|s L lgy . ""ucpNhsyhZ L fsp S> dy e ipL ,dpl A ce ppi L fpfu fdy{j uL Zdp c[s D pe R>'' Ahy sy a g L lg. Ap rhje sLu

MpV pW fphu iL pe sd u. L pfZ L ucpNhsdp cNhpy dplpe hZ hgy R> A sdpkvl fl s dpV kh hsyApp rZe L fgp R>. su ucpNhsyhZ L fsp S> s hZu c[s D pe R>.

Ap^yrL hp ucpNhsp dp hZu cNhpdpc[s D su u. L pfZ L ucpNhsdp L lgp rhjepdp s Ap rhhpk u. su sdp L lg rhjedp rhhpk lp hp A c[s hpdpV h^pfpy S>fuL pfZ R>. epkp hQdp rhhpk lphpu ucpNhsdp L lg rhjedp rhhpk pe, R>sp Z rhhpk sp AV L phpf kkpfp u-y-^ hNf rhjep Df d lphpu sAp rhhpk sp u, A d k|Qhhp(kkpfdp d frls hfpehpmp) iyL epk ucpNhs cZpey Ad gp.8 dpL lg R>.

ucpNhsya g dy [s R>. s a g ps pe sp Z Ap N yhZ hN f L fhpCA. L pfZ L ApN c[sp kb^hpmpR> A su a g (dy [s) L fspkp^ (N p hZ hNf S>) Dd R>. kkpfdpurs lpe sd S> AphpAych pe R>, bu sp u Ad k| s L lg gp.10-11 Dfu rQe peR>. su Ad rk pe R>L kkpfu ^dpgdp dep fl gpApZ c[s ps pe s dpV Ap N fQpe gpR>. Aphp rhjeu y{jp Dd rhjep ps L fhp S> h r L f R> A Dd rhje ps pe s dpV lgL prhjep epN L f R>, su (rhjeu gpL p Z Apy hZ hNfL f s dpV ) Ap dp nykp^ R> Ad L l g uA shu L p Z pe s dpV dy s hp Z Apy hZ L fhpu hr L f R> Ad 10-11dp gp L pdpL lgy R> . su epkA Ap N Ahp fQgp R> L sp rhjep kpve gu^ S> gp L u sy hZ hN fL fhpdp hr pe. Aphp L pfpN fQhpy pfvk|Qh gy Ad A. gp.16 Dfu S>Zpe R>. Ap gpL dppfv epk L lgy R> L S>Ap vl hN fp rhjepdpdep fl R>, sAp dpV A V gs Ap Dpf pe s dpV

sd cNhpp NyZpy rZ L fp .

iL p:dyMpAp Dd rhjedp Z hr L fsp u, su gpL Ap Np rhjep kpve gu^sy hZ hNf L fi Ahu iu Mpsfu? A hu iL p L fhu. kdp^p: L pfZ L pfv crhey op lsy. epkAhp N fQs dpV S> pfv pspp crhep op A.5&16 dp k|Qhgy R>. epk Ahp kyvf N fQepf S> sdZ pfvp L p dpZ L f gy NZpe. Apu Ad S>Zphgy R> L S> ucpNhsp hZ hN f dpV hr L f R> s s dp Y rhhpk pe R> . Apu Ad rk pe R> L pfvp Dv iu epkA a g psL fph shy ucpNhs fQgy R>81-83

7 u 11 ky up pQ Aepepp rhje:iyL ucpNhs furns hZ L fphg lp hpu ucpNhsu hr S>ZphhpdpV furnsp S>d

hNfL l hp CA su s bpfdp Aepedp L lg R>. slgp-kpsdp Aepedp Ahpdp Df ASy> ps L fg rhS>e,-ApW dpdp Ly suu syrs,-hdpdpcudu dy[s,-vidpdp cNhpy pfL p S>hp epZ A-ArNepfdpdp pfL pdph i

Ahp pQ rhjep L lgp R> . Ap rhjepZ furnsp S>dp AN sfuL S> L lgp lp hp CA.


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L V gpL V uL pL pfp Ad L l R> L eyr^r f hNf p spp kNpAp p A cud hNf pX hpp iyApp

Asfpe rhpp OZu kdrhpmp fpep epN L ep, Ad furnspY h fpe S>Zphhp pQ AepepdpAppQ rhjep L lgp R>, L pfZ Lfurns dfZe s Dhpk Apvepep ky u kNpAp A iyAp leps lpssps rhjep (fpe) ps e g lphpu S> sphfpe Dd NZps, s u sp hfpe Dd S>Zpeshp L pfu Lp gu^ s OZy kd fpe ps egy A sdp Asfpe kNp sp iy Apfp lsp.

Ap sApy L l hy epe u, L pfZ LAhpdp Df rhS>e ASy >dmep (A.7 gp.17-56)epf furnsp S>d Z ep lsp, sp R>u s fpe depy As fpep Asfpe su v| f epy L dS> kch? su Ap rhS>e furnsp fpep Asfpe v|f L fpfp u S>. hmu eyr^r f spfurns fpeApgy. (A.15&38) su ssp fpep Asfpe lsp S>. Ly suu syrs, cudu dy[s, cNhpy pfL p ^pfhp epZ As dp pfL pdp h i A rhjepfurnsp fpe kp L p C kb^ S> u. su srhjepu sp fpep Asfpep pi epy L d L lhpe? hmu Ap L pedpV cNhpu L p DepNu u.cNhpu Lp sp epN L fsp AV L phpfu R> . bpfdp Aepedp furnsp S>du L p L lgu R> . sfdpAepedp(gp.39-49) uLZu L p L lgu R> (Sy>Ap uky bp.gp.49p Apcpk). Qpvdp Aepedp(gp.34-38dp) uL Zy Lyig |R>sp eyr^r f sdu syrs L f gu R>. Avfdp Aepedp cNhp h^pd^pepu dplL p L lgu R>. 7-11 ky up pQ Aepep furnsp epN Dd lphpy S>Zphhp S> L lgplphpydpp sp s Aepep u sd syrl lp hpu Ap Q Aepep sdS> 13-15 ky up Z AepepAApW Aepep L pdp L l gp NZpe. su A pQ Aepep kb^u sApp ds epe u84-86

hsys: S>d pQ A[Ap iy L fpfp R> sd Ap pQ Aepep furns S>du iy lsp Ad

viphpfp R>. bpfdp Aepedp furnsp S>d L l gp R> . S>d ep R>u Z s dy[s ps hpdp L p CAsfpe hppu, A d S>Zphhp sfu vf ky up Z Aepepu eyr^r f hNfu dy[s L lgu R>. L pfZ Lrspu dy[s C lpe sp sy u dy[s hpdp Asfpe R>. epf R>u L pgu furnsdy [sdpAsfpehpp u Ad viphhp kpmdp sp kfdp Aepe L l gp R>. R>u AY pfdp Aepedp Avcys L d L fpfcNhpu furns Df ip L p S>Zphgu R> AAp NZukdp Aepedp s psp bR>. s u S>p ZhX hpAp iy lpe A S>p Df S>d kdeZ cNhpu L p egu lp e, skh p epN L fu ky{jppkN L f epf s ucpNhsu L pdpk| Z rhhpk pe R>, Ahp furnsp Ar^L pf rk L fhp Ap NdppX hpyhZ L fgy R>.

Ap L fZp sf Aepeu kNrs uQdpZ R>:iyrp R> rhcpN R>. s L u ifufp L pfZ S>buS> s vy ffpgu^ p Q L pfAiy lpe R>. shu Aiyr lpe spQ L pfu iyr NZpe. s buS>LyVybp hX p y{j gu^ Ahp u gu^Ad b L pf Aiy lpe.1.furnsp kb^dp s y{j gu^ Aiy lsy Ad S>Zphhp kpsdp Aepedp ASy > Df uLZuLp lphpy L lgy R>.2.uu Aiy lsyAd S>Zphsp Ly su Df cNhpu OZu Lp lp hpy ApW dp Aepedp S>Zphgy R>.(Ap Aepep gp.40-41dp Lysu; yp hN f Dfp lp epN A cNhp Dfp ldpV Ay dpp L fR> A gp .44dpsZ dpNgy cNhp sAp R>).3.hdp Aepedpp jZ L fpfp Au iyr S>Zphhp cudp Dviy rZ L fgy R>, L pfZ L h fl


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epky u Ap vpj Ahe pe (vpjhpmy A ghpdp Aph ). su opuAp S> iyr ps pe R>. L pfhppAu pjpeg lphp R>sp cud dy [s ps C su Ad kde R> L opu su iyr u L pfu

iyr R>.4.buS> (furns) p kp^pfZ kb^uApZ cNhp Df dhpmp lp hpy vidp Aepedp L lgy R>. ApQpp L pfu iyr R>. cNhp pfL p ^pfhp epZ L f R>epf rhflp spu Ap Zhpdp Aph R>.5.R>u vpj Aphu X s dpV cNhpp L peu kdp[s (pfL p lp Qu S>hpy) ArNepfdp Aepedp L lgR>. Ap pQdp L pfu iyr C.6.cNhpu L p Adye iyr R> . bpfdp Aepedpfurnsp S>d kde cNhp p s furns Df L pL epy(gp.7-11) sdS> L pghZ L p L epy (gp.12) L lgy R>. Ap bpfdp AepepA S> cNhp S>d kdefurns Df L f gu L p R>.

A dpZ R>A L pfu iyr furnsdp lsu. s fdpu kfdp ky up pQ Aepepdp furnsukhp epN pe R> A R> hV p b AY pf sp ApNZukdp Aepepdp s kkN ps pe R>, epf sucpNhsdprhhpk pe R>. ucpNhsp hZdp rhhpkS> (dye) AN R>. sp Z dy e kp^pR>:

1.ky{jpp kN (A.18-19)2.khp epN A (A. 13-17) A3.Dd L pfu iyr (A. 7-11).

su udvpQpeQfZp Ap ds dpZs f Aepepu furns pspp Ar^L pf ps pe R>. buL pCp ds dpZsd sy u. Ar^L pf k|Z fus rk pe s dpV S>, ipL p Xyp ypp d eykb^u |R>g lphp R>sp, fpS>rj furnsp S>d L d sp dpn A S> uLZu L pdp qfZd R> spXyyp y dey(s ) l L lui Ahu k| su rsop OV R>. Ap rsopdp "A' iv R> su cNhpu pX hpDfu Lp L lgu R> A iyr S> Ar^L pfy d|g R> Ad S>Zphhp ""S> uL Zu L pdp qfZd R> s'' Ad

L lgyR>. s u Ap AucpNhsdp S> k| Qhgp lphpu Apdp S>fpevpj lphpy kchsy u87-88

furns S> psp ip dpV ?:

kL hNf hs:iy opuAp lphp R>sp, furns S> Al] psp eg R>, L pfZ L dp Ar^L pfviphhp A S> ep S> Al] u, fsy ucpNhsu S> khp Dpf pe R> A d Z rk L fhpy R>.cNhp uL Z Ahspf ^pfZ L fu ep ky u c|sg Df rhfpep ep ky u sAp uA p spp hu S>kh dy[s ps L fphu. sApu c|sg Dfu ^pfu Nep R>u ucpNhs S> dy[s ps L fphp{R>, L pC Z dpV L pC Z k Ndp dy[s ps L fhpp bu L pC Dpe u, Ad S>Zphhp cNhp ^pfu Nep R>usfs S> furnsp S>d ep AucpNhsu S> s dy [s ps C Ad L lgy R>. hmu S>pX hpp Ap

gpL p Z kh L pedp uLZp cph hpdp Aphsp lsp , sApp hidp L pC Z rhR>v rhp ku^pfurns S>dg lspsu S> s ucpNhsdp k|Z p lsu. kL hN f hs:iy opuAp X sp d|L ufurnsS> p sp sfuL hZhg R>. hmu epp X hpy kpde L pCL R>A hp rZe C iL, shu Z cpfsuL p X su d|L u epdp uL Zy S> kpde S>Zpe shu S> cpfsu L p ucpNhsdp L lgu R>. hpsrhL fuskh cyyS> kpde R>, R>sp Z Ahpdp Dfp ASy>p rhS>e hNf S> ucpNhsdp L l g R> ssp uLZp cphu S> e g lphpprQe pe R>. s u kpjy[sL (AhpdpA k|sgp pvup yp leps) L pu Apfcu pX hp hNdpNep ep ky uu dlpcpfsu L p, p X hpApk[shpmp R> A d viphhp Al]L lgu R>. pX hpdp p spp dm p spy fnZ L fhpu i[s lsu A cNhp sAp y fnZ L ey, L pfZ LcNhp rkhpe sd bu L pCyifZ lsy Ahy Ap L lhpyep S> R>. sApcNhp rkhpe bu L pCy


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ifZ lsy Ad S>Zphhp pvup yp AhpdpA lep epu Apfcu pX hp hNNep ep ky uu L pL lgu R>. pX hpu dy[s Z furnsp Ar^L pf viphhp S> L lgu R>, L pfZ L S>Apdy [s ps C lpe

sAp cpN ApheL R>A p spp cpNdpV sAp yu dy[sdp L pC k NAsfpe L f . furnsp rspArcdey Z Asfpe L f sd lsy , L pfZ L

1skpdp dyM ey L fsp dey pd gp. drsdp L l gy R> L

""gpL dp Ap b y{jp k|ep dX g c vpfp (Dd Nrs ps L fpfp) R>:epN ApQfpf kepku Aeydpkpdp dy M lZpeg (huf)'' su spZ dp n egp.

2sp AL Ai Q lpC sZhmu vhu [rs

ps L fgu s Apep[dL Ai lsp.3hmu scNhpp kbû lsp, Ap Ar^v rhL Ai lsp. Aphpdy[s

Ld ps pe? s u Arcdeyp Apr^cprsL , Apep[dL , Apr^vrhL A Z Aiu furns Asfpepe sd lsy89-93&&

kpsdpu hdp ky up Z AepeppA:

pX hpvy :M b L pfy egy 1pspp v lu Sy>vplp e s(y ) pfp egy A

2pspp v lu egy.

y hNf pspp vlu Sy>vp R>, sApp kb^dp AL L pfy vy:M egy. pspp vlu pRy> bL pfy vy:Meg:

AAopu egy A

Apiyu egy. Aop pRy> b L pfy lsy:

Lhp kbû A

Mbp

kbû. Apd lphpu pspp vlu Z L pfy vy :M ey:1iyu

2hkbû Aopu A

3bkbû

Aopu. S>pu pspp vlu eg vy:M v|f pe, spu S> yp hNfu pfp egyvy:M Z v|f pe. suZ L pfy S> vy :M fl R>. su s vy:M v| f L fhp Ap Z Aepep L l gp R>. sdp kpsdp Aepedp ypphû eg vy:M L lgy R>(gp.20-21). skde ASy >u BR>p |Z L fu(gp.27-28) cNhp S> svy :Mv|f L f R>. iy Df rhS>e ps sp (gp.29-56) spu eg vy:M v|f pe R>. ASy> cNhpu syrsL fgu(gp.22-26), su cNhp su BR>p |Z L fgu. kh m vy:M v|f hpy L pfZ cNhpu syrs Asdu ksp R>. su Ap Z AepepdpcNhpu syrs L fgu R>. kpsdp Aepedp ASy > vy:Mp kN

syrs L fu. ApW dp Aepedp ASy> vy :Mp kN syrs L fu. ApW dp Aepedp S> p X hpp pi L fhpAhpdpA bu hpf bp epS>g epf, spu Dfpp Ncy A pX hpy cNhp fnZ L ey, epfpspy BR> gy (fnZ) ps sp Ly suA kyMp kN syrs L fu(17-42). Apu bkbû Aop v|fepy S>Zphg R>. hdp Aepedp cud psp dpn ps pe s dpV syrs L fu(gp.32-42). Apuh kbû Aop v|f epy S>Zphgy R>. su S> s syrsp As cud dp n epy L l gyAN. Apsyrs L fpfpApcNhvue lphpu S> sdp vy:M sp v| f pe. vy:M v|f L fhpdpV syrs L fhpy epS> u,fsy (c[s L fhpp) Ar^L pf ps pe s dpV syrs L fhpu S>f lsu. Ap sy rs (kkpfp Sy>vpvppdpu) Apk[s v|f L fhpp kp^ R>, L pfZ L s Sy>vp-Sy >vp vpp ps L fhp fZp L fsp Apr^vrhL cNhp Ap syrs gu^ sd L fsp AV L phR> 93-97

khu dpV p cpC eyr^r f lsp, R>sp ASy> lgpsyrs L fu. L pfZ L ASy > fp Ai lpC khdpdye lsp. Lysu uL Zu a pC lphpu cNhpp kb^ gu^ Dd lsu. cud kh u (hX ug) lspZ sdu sp gpqL L S> lsu. Ap Zdp ASy> Dd lsp, spu Dsfsp Ly su A sdpu Dsfspcud. A[R>L syrs L fgu Ad dphy, fsy kvp syrs L fhu CA su L f gu. dye y{j Ahe syrsL fhu CA. su syrs kvp ka g pe R>. cNhp khg kpdpe fus psppu fnp L f R> , fsy syrsL fhpdpAph epf OZp du fnp L f R>A s hu du L fgu fnp csp cS>p Dkpl h^pfpfu R>.sd CS> L pf buAp Z cS> L fhp gpN s hp sdpcS>dp Dkpl pe R> 98-99&&


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bppu cNhp L fgyfnZ:

pvup pQ yp JOsp lsp epf AhpdpA lep. p vu cNhpu cs lsu, ypp

deydpV fX hy CA, R>spZ yp b pZ Ahpdpu dep A sZ ey L fspdfg rl, su fX hy Apey. L pfZ L b pZu dey ps L fpf Mf Mf fL dp X R> . L dp a g (fL dp X hp)y DP O spcNhpu OZu L p lpe spS> pe R>, su cNhpu sAp Df L p pe s dpV pvu fX u(A.7&16).ASy>s qvgpkpp hQp L p(gp .16). Ap hQpke lsp. L pfZ L ""uAp pk, dL fudp , rhhpldp... Ake t u''(cpN.yfp.8&19&43). uL Z sp csu BR>p | Z L fpfp R>, su bpZlZhpdp vpj R> Ad Zhp R>sp, ASy> Ahu rsop L fsp AV L phsp u. Apu Ad k| Qhgy R> L cNhpp cspA Z iy L fhy epe R> s ipu Zu S> L fhy CA. L pfZ L cNhp AdyL L pedp vp jR>A d Zhp R>sps L pe L fsp AV L phsp u. cNhp csp s d L fspAV L ph, sp b^pe cS> L fhpepe NZpe, L pfZ L kkpf A R>.

iL p:A splp e sp cNhp AV L phhpCA. s sdZ L d AV L pep ? Ahu iL p Z L fhu.

kdp^p:L pfZ L Ape epf Z s dpu (csy) fnZ L fhp cNhp i[shpmp R>. AAphursop ASy>p A sp Df pvup d L fphpfp R>. hmu Ahpdp vepA i lphpu ASy> shursop L fgu AcNhp Z s lZhp AS>y L l gy(A.7&35-39). Ahpdp lZhpdp hvp rhfp fl s dpV cud Z s p h^ L fhpdp Aph shp Dd L ep(A.7&51). L pfZ L pZhpey cud hv R>. s vep rs Ly vfsu j lpe R>. su dpZ (pZhpey-hv cud) A de (cNhp uL Z) bpArcpe AhpdplZhpp ep R>sp s dp Arcpe dpZASy> ApQfZ L ey . ASy> sdS> pvub gpqL L lsp, su gpL AV g Ly gp rhQpfgu^ A ""b pZ lZhp rl'' Ahp hvp hpe gu^

Ahpdpph^ L ep. Ahpdp v ep Ai lspA pvu k lpfi[s lpC vep AyL|m lpe, su sZ s R>pX u d|L hp L y(A.7&43-48). cNhp sp s kh lphpu b nkdp R> , su sdZASy>pspu rsop pmhp A cudk pspp re gpN sd L fhp L y(A.7&53-54). L pfZ L rhr AphuX sp Z csy fnZ cNhp buS>L pf Z L fhpp S>. dpZ (cud) Ade (cNhp), gp.35-39 dp S>Zpey sdpZ , Ahpdp ASy> lZsp S>hp vu^p, s u pX hp rhr Aphu X u, L pfZ Lbu hpf hpmu iL pe shy bp ep sZS>Nsdp u pX hpyd| g L pY u pMhp epk L ep.

AS>y Ahpdpp h^ L fsp s p dppdpu drZ L pY u gC s d|X p (A.7&55). sy dpyd|X hpyop ASy> s kde ey L pfZ L s kde cNhpp spdp Aphi e gp. cNhpASy> dp Aphi

L fu s dpZ L fgy, su sZ sy dpy gphu Aphpu lgp rsop L fgu(gp.16) sp rhfp ^ flspu(gp.57). cNhp ASy >dpAphi L fu s dpZ L ey lp s spklpf i[s-p vu cud hNfp Zh^ L fs. Aphy Dpep Z L p C L pC g rk R>. R>u p p Aph i S>sp fp epf lgpuW ANbpZu deyA ey L fsp ey s dpV ) pvu A pX hpA yp p deydpV rhgp L ep. R>uAhpdpA hpmu iL pe shp bp epey. ASy> ps l gy bp hpmgy sp Nh fl s dpV cNhp Ap epN L fphgp100-104&&

bp b L pfp R> :hpmu iL pe shp A hpmu iL pe shp. lgp hpmu iL pe s hy b pAhpdpA epS>gy, su cNhps hpmhp ASy> L l gy (A.7&28) AASy> s hpm gy (A.7&32).


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NyZpu cf|f cNhp sdp As:L fZdpL pisp lphp R>sp , ""sdpfp hQ L pCL eh^p (ApX Mugu) R>''Ared dpZ ApX Mugu lphpu sd cNhpy op lsy. ldZpcNhp en L pf fnZ L ey s gu^

ApX Mugu gNcN uL mu NC, AV g cNhppAp L pe gu^ s dcNhp uLZp hy kpfu fus opey111

pX hp cNhpp hy op kpfu fus ey , R>sp Z pR>mu eyr^r f dpl ep(A.8&45-51), L pfZ L du L pu Ahp cNhppviu e gy op dpl v|f L fsy u. L pfZ L vpjy hZsp ivu dpl D pe R>. ipu cd gu^ D egp opgu^ eyr^r f dp l egp, sippL pf S> v|f pe. su ep ky u khp rZe S>Zphu Ny{ bp L f ep ky u h dp l fl S>, sueyr^r fe g dplyhZ L fgyR> . su ep ky u cud eyr^r f s hu fusbp L f ep ky u sp dp l e. hdp Aepedp cud eyr^r f bp L f R>(gp.12&38) su Ap Aepe hp hy opL fphpfp R>112

Al] cud eyr^r f Ahpbp ^ L fgp L h cNhpy cS> L fhpu S> L sp pe R>(gp.22-23). sbp pspp ApQfZu Y L fhp cud epf R>u cNhpu syrs L f R>(gp.32-42) su Apsyrs kNrs frls u. L pfZ L su cud kp^ A a g en vMpX R>. syrsu kp^(cNhpp cS>)kbû kvl v|f L f R> A s dy[s ps pe R>(gp.44-45). su s kpû sp a g kbû kvlv|f L fR> . A dpZkpsu h ky up Z Aepep u eyr^r fp khkvl v| f L fgp R>. A fus pX hpyvy:Mv|f epy L lgyR> .

vidpu bpfdp ky up Z AepeppA :

vidpu bpfdp ky up Z Aepepdp pX hpkyM ps ey sy hZ L fgy R>. vidp Aepedplgp eyr^r fy uLZ Dfp d krls fpe kbû kyM kpdpe fus L lgy R>(gp.2-6). uL ZprhepN pe epf su fp dykyM O hû e, su cNhp l[spyfdpu pfL p S>hp uL mhpu L pApNm L lgu R>(gp.7-32). uL Zp kyMdp S> eyr^r fyky M lsy Ad S>Zphhp eyr^r fp kyMyhZL fspuL Zu Ap L p L l gu R>. vidp AArNepfdp A b Aepepdp cNhp ky M ey s L lgy R>, L pfZL uL Z S> L pe dpV l[spyf ^pfgp s L pe L fu ky Mu pe R>. s cspp Dpf L fhp ^pfgp. AsdZcsp Qdpu Dpf L ep. hL ue (pspp kb^hpmp) csp A fL ue (shp kb^ hNfp)csppDpf cNhp L ep, s u syhZ vidp A ANuepfdp A b Aepep u L fgy R>. bpfdp Aepedpy (furns) u p[s sp eyr^r f ky M pe R> sy Mpk L pf hZ L fgy R>. Ap Z Aepepdp

pX hpp kyMy rZ L ey su Ad rk pe R> L pX hpy kh kyM uL Z Aû lsy . Ap ZAepepp A Ay op vfL hpep A rhQpfhpu pe shu fus sy rZ L fgyR> 113-115&&.

sfdpu vfdp ky up Z AepeppA:

sfdpu vfdp ky up Z Aepepdpp X hp dy[s ps C sy rZ L f gyR>. s L u sfdpAepedp^sfpu dy [s L lgu R>. ^sfp Ofdpu uL mu Nep A buS> R>. epf ^sfpZ Ofdpu uL muS>hpu dy[s ps C epfApZ Z s d L fhpu dy[s ps i, Ahp spu buAp Z rhhpkpe, su ^sfpu buS> dy[s Ap sfdp Aepep AR>. pX hpu dy [sy Ap buS> R> Ad S>Zphhp S>pfv eyr^r f ^sfpy Qqf L l R>(gp .50-57). eyr^r f Of s uL mu S>hpy L pfZ hfpe, A Ap


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buS>dy[sy qfZpd R> . Ap Qpvdp AepepA R>. vfdp Aepedp pX hp dy[s ps pe R> sdp dy[s a gy rZ L fgy R>.

hX hpApu dy[s C lpe sp pspu dy[s hpdps Asfpe pe R> A d Df L lgyR>, s ufurnsu dy[sdpAphp Asfpe fp lsp A d S>Zphhp Al] pX hpu dy[s epy L lg R>. hmu hX ugpOf s hdpS>C dy [s dmh, shu sdu dy[s psp Z epN L fhpp kp^ pe R>. pX hpA epNL ep, sdy ps gC furns Z epN L fA epN L f epf uL Zdp ge A V gdy [s pe Ad khpkb^dp L lgy R>. su psp L pfu Z pX hpu dy[s furnsu dy[s hpdp DepNu R>. suAl] sApu dy[sy rZ L fgy R>. Al] vfdp Aepedp ASy > uLZp hy rZ L fgyR>(gp.7-21). pX hp b^p uL Zdp rQhpmp lsp Ad viphhp s L fg, Ahu su kNrs shpvurb^ fep lgp udvpQpe QfZ S> k|d V uL p L fgu sdp viphgu(Sy>Ap ukybp r^u A.15&7 pApcpkdpu L pqfL pAp). Ap AepepA sp p X hpu dy[s S> R>. su uL Zp hy rZ ASy> L fg spip DepN R> s Al] rb^dp sAp uA viphg u. furnsu dy[s hpdp Asfpe u AdS>Zphhp kpsdpu vfdp ky up h NyZ Aepepp A S>Zpep A buS> hN fu iyrpfp sfurnsu dy[s hpdpDep Nu R> Ahpsdp DepN Z L p 115-117&&

kpmdpu ApNZuk ky up Qpf AepeppA :

a g dy[s ps L fph shy kp^ furns L fgy Ad kpmdpu ApNZukdp ky up Qpf Aepep furnsp Ar^L pf viphpfp R>. fpe A spepN Ahp b Ap Aepepp rhcpN R> . kpmdp A kfdpAepedp sp fpey A AY pfdp sp ApNZukdp Aepedp sp epNy rZ L f gy R>. gpqL L AAgpqL L Ahp b L pfysy kpde Ay d viphhp fpey b Aepepu rZ L fgy R> . kpmdp Aepedp

khc|rdp S>e gpqL L kpdeyA kfdp Aepedp L pg(L rg) Dfp rhS>e AgpqL L kpde yrZL fgy R> . kpmdp Aepedp ^fZu A ^d pkhpv (gp.18-35) L p, s kfdp Aepedp L rg Dfp rhS>e L lg R> sp AN R>. L pfZ L ^fZu A ^d b L rgu ce pdgp L lgp R>A s d cedpX pf L rg fp kfdp Aepedp hi L f R>.

Ahp furns kh Apr^cprsL AApep[dL ^d y p L eyA d ^fZu A ^dp k hpvuS>Zphgy R>. Akfdp Aepedp Apr^vrhL ^dp rhfp ^u L rgp rNl L fu s^d p ce Z v|f L epAhufpu kfkpC S>Zphgu R>118-120

Ap L fZ bu L pf Z ucpNhsydlpe vip h R>. ^fZu A ^dp Ap L fZdp k N R>.^fZu Df flpfpAp ^du S> Lsp pe. shp Z L rgA rfpi L ep. cNhp c|sg Dfu ^pfu NepR>u S>ZL rg Z hi L fu s ^fZu Df flpfpApy fnZ L ey s furns Dd y{j S> lsp Ahpkp mdpsp kfdp Aepep Aep. Apu Ad k|Qh gy R> L c|rd Dfp sup, vhpA Qpgy kde(L rgL pg)dpL fhpdp Aphsp^d dpgp R> . L pg Df rhS>e ps L fpfpAp A dey Df rhS>e ps L fpfpAp ZcNhpu AV g cNhpu L pu Ahp ucpNhsu S> dpn ps L f R>, buSy>L p C sAp Z dpn Aphpkdu sp R>u bu sp ucpNhs rhp dp n dm AdpL lhy S> iy ? 121-121&&

iL p:pX hp Df cNhpu L p r lphp R>sps ApA L rgspb L f gp rl. su L rg hi L fpf


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furns ps S> Dd y{j lphp CA, su ucpNhsu rsW p pe sdpV S> iy L Dd y{jcpNhsy hZ L fphgy R> Ahu iL p L fhu.

kdp^p:L pfZ L pX hpcNhp Df dhpmp lphpu, cNhp ^pfu S>sp s Ap i[shpmp lphpR>spQpepS> Nep. s u furnsyS> kpdpe lsy s sy pspy lsy fsyp X hppku s dm gy lsy.

iL p:ucpNhs dp n Aphpu OZu i[shpmy lp e sp sy Nd s hZ L fsp dp n Ap,furnsy S> iyep S>?

kdp^p:S>Ap L rgp vpju OfpC Negp R> sAp cNhpy NyZNp L fhpdp p lpsu u.furns ucpNhsdp p lsu Ad S>Zphhp S> sp Ar^L pfy rZ L fgy R> . fsy hZ L fpf Ar^L pf lphpu cpNhsS>f u. ucpNhs s y hZ L fpfdp n AphpdpV spdp hZ L fhppAr^L pf lphpu S>f lpe sp ""vl hNf S>X vpp p NyZpdp hr L fpfp Dpf pe s dpV cNhppNyZpL lp'' A d 1&5&16 dp L lgyR> sp rhfp ^ pe. su S> ucpNhsdpOZu p lp e sS> s yhZL fhppAr^L pfu R> . L rg furns ce dpX gplp hpu cNhpp csp X sp u112-122&&

Lrg:

iL p:furns Z L rgA vybyr D L fu. su pk Frjp Nmpdpdfgp k Mpep A s usykviu dey L fpey . spR>u buAp u dy[s ucpNhsp hZu Z s L d hp v?

kdp^p:Ahu iL p Z fpMhu. L pfZ L furnsA vy byr L rgA D L fu lsu, fsy

cNhp S> D L fgu Ahp rZe pe R>. furns L rg flhpp p Apep(17&37&39) subpZy Adp L fhpu su byr C. vy L rgp Apey s u Frjp Nmpdp dfgp k pMhp spdkL dL fhpu su by r C. su shu byr A^dgu^ S> e gu. op A[u bmgp sp vlpgp qL L vplpe s epe rl su cNhpb pZp ipp blppu snL p rhj A[s bpmhp fZp L fu AsfpS>rjp vl hNgpL p vMsp snL p rhj A[u sfs S> bmu Nep(12&6&13).

iL p:L rg L pg lpC ApLrsfrls A kvp fl pfp R>. s hi iu fusL fpe A flhpy p ZLhu fus Ape? Ahp Dvch

kdp^p:L rg L rgeyNp Arcdphpmp vh R> . furnsp kdedp s L pgp ^dpu hr hu,AV g L rgp Ar^L pf furnsp kdedp fl A S> L rg hi L fhpy eyA s p hy furns fnZ L ey(slep rl) s S> s fl hpyp Apey 123-125

A^d L rg p Apey A s u spu FrjyAdp ey . shp L peu Z furns dpnep, L pfZ L L rg Aes vy u. eo hNf^d L fhpdp v i, L pg, e, L sp, d AL d A R>e iy lphpCA, Z sApu iyr vi A L pg dpZ L fhpu lpe R>. L rgdpA iy lp hpu S>f u. dfZ kdeS>d fpN pe R>sd L rgdp cNhpy dfZ pe sp dye Df S>ZphgpR>e kp^p rhp pspu dm S> iy pe R>. su ^dps L fhpdp L pC klpe L fpf lp hp R>sp, L rg i|fp lphpu, sp hy fnZ


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furns L fhpu ^du hr C. su furnsp spdk L du Z s dpnu p[s C.

iL p:Ad lpe sp Ahp Dd L rgy fnZ kp[hL L dS> NZpe. s hp L du Frjy Adp L fhpufurnsu byr L d C A ku syd eyL d ey ? Ahp pe.

kdp^p:L rgdp^d sp lphpu fpu s hu byr As L pf dey ep. L rgdp d sp lpesp^d ps L fphhpdp L p Cu klpe rhp Z L rg i|fp lphpu sy fnZ kp[hL L dNZpe; fsy s L pgdp^d C iL sp lphpu, L rgp fnZu fpA hy a m dey. hmu L rg spdk R>. Qpf eyNpdp L sey N kp[hLR>, sp fpS>k Akp[hL R> , pf fpS>k Aspdk R> , AL rg |fp spdk R> . spdkyfnZ Z spdkL pe lphpu fp shya m dey . hmu L rgdp L fgp ^du rQu iyr su u fsy dp hN hNf a g dmR>. shp ^du Aydpv C iL shy S> a m dm R> , Apvf L fu iL pe shy a m dmsy u. S>d L QfphpmpS>gp |fu ^phpdp Aphg L pC vp iy spu sd L rgdp L f gp ^du rQu iyr su u. p L fg lpe R>sp L rgdpL f g ^du rQu iyr su u L pfZ Ldrg gp L dpdrgsp S> lpe, re gpN shy L C lpe. Ap drgsp vycpe R>. sfL dp pMsu u fsy p gu^ Ap gp L dp S> vy:M ps L fphR> . svy:M spdk R>. suhhvp u, fsy d|Y (bu S>Zpe sd ApLy gsp L fphp{ ) lphpu kl L fhyXR>. hmu s AgpqL L AV gS> u gpL dprvp hNf pe shy lp e R>. A L pf L rgdpkpfp Ny Z lphpy L y .L rgpDd NyZ sp A R> L sdp ""uL Zy L us L fhpu S> dye b^u dys C cNhp ps L fR>''(12&3&51). fsy ucpNhsipu hr pe sp uL ZpL us hNf pe. s hu hr pe rl epky u L us hNfdp Apvf lpsp u. AL usp Apvf lp e spA dpZ cNhpu p[s su u. s uAl] lgp L ^dpcpNhsu h r ep lgpphps lphpu L rgp Dd NyZ L l gp u. ApNm bpfdpL ^dpsu L p L l hpu R> ep sp s Dd NyZ L li. Ap S> L rgpDd NyZ R> A hp rkpsp kpf

Zhp126-129

iL p:dlpcpfsdp furns Dd lphpy L lgy u. s hp dpV egu cpNhsu hr Dd LdNZpe? Ahp pe.

kdp^p:sp Zhy L dlpcpfsdp A cpNhsdp Sy>vp-Sy >vp L u L p L lgu lphpu ucpNhsuL p dlpcpfsu L pu rh{ u129&&

ucpNhsp hZdpVFrjAp y ApNd:

FrjApkh o lsp, su sAp Zsp lsp L epA epf ucpNhsy hZ iyL furns L fphi.su sAp epe kdeep L p hpu lsu ep p spu dm Apep, fpu vepu Apep lsp. epk Apfv ded Ar^L pfhpmp lphp R>sp ucpNhsu Drp L pfZ lphpu Apep rl lpe Ad gpN, fsyucpNhsu hr su hpu BR>pu s b Z Apep(A.19&10). sdhfpe rl lp hpu sAp dedAr^L pfhpmp lsp A s u s hr hpu sdu BR>p C. fiyfpd sp cNhpu q epi[sp Ahspflphpu q epi[s A opi[s b i[shpmp uL Zy rZ L fpf ucpNhsy hZ L fhp Aph sepe S> R>(A.19&9)130-131

iyL iLfp Ahspf:


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iL p:kh L fsp cNhp Dd R> , su AdyL y{jdp AgpqL L ^dp h^pfAhp ApR>p R> A hprhQpfip dpV L fhp? cNhp kh u Dd lphpu cNhpp Aip Ahsfgp lpe s b^p iyL u Dd S> R>. su iyL

hsp pe Aepk Ld pe?

kdp^p:Ahu iL p pe sp Zhy L iyL A rih R> . sZ cNhpp Ny Zphspf lphpu Dd R>.hmu s brhv(bp ophpmp) lphpu sdpdp gpqL L kfkpC Z R>. hmu sdp hsp hpy buSy>A ZepS> R> L Chf pku ps L f gy op kpfu fusV L R>, buSy> (Chf lpe sdu pku ps L f gy)op dpep hNfu S>sy fl R>. Apu A d k|Qhgy R> L ""k| e pk u Apfpeu BR>p L fhu...'' A gpL dpS>Zphg Qpf vppu Ap S> dye ehp R>.

rihiy L sfuLucpNhsu h r L fphhp S> Ahspf gu^p R>. cNhp uL Zkh dy [s AphpAhspf gu^gp. s epfc|sg Dfu ^pfu Nep epf p spp p rih d|sp Nep. su ucpNhsuhr L fphhp S> rihp iyL sfuL Ahspf ep R> . L piudp flu rih opp Dvi L f R> S>, R>sp p s"hjhS>' hp iyL sfuL Ahspf gu^p R>. "hj' AV g ^d. ^d R> ^ S>du s"h jhS>'. su ^dp L pfkh dy[s ps L fphhp Ap Ahspf sdZ gu^g R>. L| dyfpZdp ""iyL rihp Ahspf R>'' Ahy hpe Z R>,R>spgnZpu Z iy L dlpy{j lphpyS>Zpe R>. s buk gnZhpmp A cspp L hn R> . Aphp iyLepffpA dfZ ky up Dhpk Apvep epf su pk NP Npp suf ^pep. s kde fpA sd b |R>ep. 1.dyekvp iy L fhy CAA 2.dfZ kde dye iy L fhy CA? (A.19&37)132-133


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L^ bu-ANpkrls hZ

L^p A:

Dd hsp iyL Dd p sp furns S> L ep s 1&19&37dp L p. iy L s p DfdpucpNhsy ANpkrls hZ L fhy Ad L l R> . h iy L fhy CA A Zhpu furnsu BR>p sp,ucpNhsyA Npkrls hZ L fhy CA Ad L lR> . ucpNhsp vi ANplphpu Ap vi Aepepu L l R>.su ucpNhsp ANpy rZ AAp L ^p A R>1

LfZp:

k|ZcpNhsy hZ L fhpy R> . s L u S>y hZ L fhpy R>s uu Apf cu bpfdp ky up vi

L ^p R>. lgp L ^ Ar^L pf vip h R> A bu L ^ ucpNhsp ANp S>Zph R> . (ucpNhsp bL pfpipp R>:1.Zhp epe A 2.L fhp epe. s L u vi gugphpmp cNhp (Aepe 3-12) Zhpepe R> AANp kp ucpNhsy hZ L fhy A L fhp epe R> . Ahp rhQpf L fsp lgp L ^p A (hZ)L fpfpNy Z(Ar^L pf) viph R>. bu L ^p AklL pfuZpu a g vip h R>A uu bpfdpky up L ^ppA hZy (S>dp NyZpyhZ L fhpy R> s cNhpy h S>Zph R> AphfZ cP N)Ahp rhQpf L fhpu ""hZ L fhy CA'' Ahp ucpNhsp dlphpe (ApMp N)p A R>. epf shZAV giy ? Ahp pe.

v(ivp) Ahpep p i[s* A spe p rQe s "hZ'. ivu i[sp Ly vfsu, kP L p Q

rhp rQe L fhp, Ahp iv A hpe bp i[s Aspe A bp rQe L fhp s.*i[s AV givu p spp AS>Zphhpu kp. Ap i[sAp Z R>:1.Arc^p-ivp S>A kdsp lpe s S>Zphhpu kp.2.gnZp-Ly vfsu Ab bksp lp e epf qY gu^ Ahp L pC epS> gu^s p kb^hpmp

buA S>Zphhpu kp. A 3.eS>p-ApNm-pR>mp kb u OZp Ahpmp ivu AdyL Ak| Qhhpui[s.

hZp Z AN R>:1.shep2.veu ksp A3.d.

sh-hy rQs A V g shpy rQs A hy rQs. Ap rQs s shep. ApL ^p lgp bAepepdp Ay d A L lg R>.

veu ksp AV g rQu iyr. Ap u A Qpp Aepedp L lg R>.uSy> AN d R> s pQdpu vidp ky up R> Aepepdp L l g R>. Apu Ap L ^p Z

L fZpp rhcpN vipep2

ep ivpu i[s sp spe p rQe L fhp ? AZhpu BR>p pe sp Zhy L ucNhp


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hpkyvhu vi L pfu gugp ucpNhsdp L lhpu R> sy hZ L fhy. cNhpu vi L pfu gugp L ^ 3 u12 ky udpL l gu R>s y hZ L fhy. Apd (bu) R>up vi L ^pp AV| L pZdp L lg R>.

^d} (gugp L fpf) cNhpy sdp lf L p C ^d (NyZ) krls hZ cg pe, vi L pfu gugpL fpfp cNhpy S> hZ L fhy A hp ApNl ip dpV fpMhp? Ahu iL p pe spZhy L vi L pfu gugpL fpf cNhpy S> hZ pe s dpV S> pR>mp N (Aepe 3-12) fQ g R>. gugp L fpf cNhpy hZ L fhpy lpe sp uu bpfdp ky ^up vi L ^pL pdp pe. hmu hZ L fpsp ivp A hpep Z Aphhpu hZp ANpp rhQpf L fhp Z e pe. s u Nd s ^d kpp cNhpy hZ L fhpupR>mpN L pdp sp lphpu vi L pfu gugphpmp cNhpy S> hZ L fhy.

lgp LfZpA :

iL p:ivpA hpep p i[s A spe p rQe kpdpe fus L hu fus L fhp A L pZ L fhp?Ahp pe.

kdp^p:sp Zhy L hZp ANpS>Zphhpu S> ANu(hZ) Z S>Zphg pe R>, L pfZ Lb^pe ANp S>ZphhpdpAph epf ANu S>Zphhpy bpL u flsy u. Ap ANp S>Zphhp bu L ^ L lgp R>.Ahp hZp ANp(vi gugpAp) S>ZphhpdpAph epf A Nu(cNhp) S>Zphhpy bpL u flsy u. ANpS>Zphpf L ^dpANu S>Zphhpdp Aph s Z ep e S> R>.

ivpA hpep p i[s A spep rZe Ap bu L ^dp vMpsp u fsy sp ivp A hpepDfu Ahp rQe C iL R> L uLZ kh R>. (uL Z vpdp Ahp b^yeS>Ns e gp

R>. cNhpp |g hdp d fphhpu sdpc|s, hs dp A crhe kh rhh, kh vpp hpdpAphR>(2&1&23-37).) i[sp kP L pQ L fhpu Ahp A az fsp u fsyi[sp kP L pQ L fsp , Ak| sipL L y R> L ""sd uL Z kb^u Dd L ep R> ''(1&2&5) A hpep ipL p khpp rhjecNhp S> R> Ahp spep rhQpf L fsp Al] S>ivp A hpep L lgp R> s cNhpp S> bp L fpfp R> A sS> spehpmp R> Ad rk pe R>. Apd lphpu S> rhjey hZ L fhpy R> s vi gugphpmp cNhpS> R>. sd lpe spivp As lp hpu hZ L fhpu i[s flsp hZ L fhpy L peA| Z S> fl. lfL pC mS> L p C ivp Ahpep lpe sApp Ap rZ e L fhps hZ u. su pR>mp(L ^ 3-12ky up) b^pe Ny epS> R>.

iL p:epkk|pdpS> Ap rZe L fgpR> L ""Apdpy hZ L fhy CA''. shuS> fusb^p N pdphZ L fhpu Apop L fguR>!

kdp^p:Ahu iL p pe spZhy L rNy Z yrsApcNhpp NyZpsus (Ny Zpu f, NyZfrls)hp rZe L f R>. cNhppb hp R> :1.NyZpsus h A2.kNyZ h. s L u h vdp NyZpsushy S> rZ R>s u hvp rZe dpZ rZe L fhpdpAph sp NyZpsus hy S> hZ L fhpypspe su Al] Sy>vy rZ L fhy epe R>. L pfZ L yrsAp (hvp hpep) rNyZ R>. Apu Ad S>Zphg R> Lshpyep (cNhpp epy ) AN R>, AAvfy A N R>, su Apfcdps (shpp ep)y rZL fhy epe R>3-5


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bu L fZp A:

s S> L pf hZ L fpfu A L p L l pfu p hZy buSy> AN R>, L pfZ L cNhL pL lpfA s y hZ L fpfsdp p lp e spZ hZ bfpbf sy u. d L fZdp i[s Aspep rQe hZy AN lphpy S>Zpey, su S> W p Z hZy AvfyAN R>.

iL p:lgp L fZdp sp cNhp kh vpdp b gp lphpu b^p v hNfp Ap(khp AcNhp R> Ahp) rZe pe. Al] bu L fZdpp L hu fus (hZdp) DepNu pe? L pfZ L kh m (vpdpdp) iy p lpC iL rl. hmu vi L pfu gugphpmp Sy >vp pX u sdp (hZdpS>) p fpMu iL pe, L pfZ Lsd L fhpu NyZpsus hy hZ L fhpdp p fl, su p hZp hdp DepNulphp R>spL ep hdp p fpMhu sp rZe sp lphpu, p hZy AN C iL su u, Ahu iL ppe.

kdp^p:hZ L fpf vi gugp L fpf cNhp rkhpe buu khp L fhpu brldyM sp lp hpu,sdpdpp lphu A hZy AN R>. S>d vi L pfu gugp L fpfu Sy>vp (vh hNf)yhZ L fhpy u,sd s (gugpApp hZ)dpvip hg h rkhpe bu hdpp lphu CA. su ep hdppfpMhu AprZ e Z R>S>. s hu Sy >vp bp hNf vhpy sdpV S> Ap pp L fZdp rZ L fgy R>(2&3&2-9).

shp A phuk lphpu Al] sh A phuk vhp L lgp R>. hvdpS>Zphgp s uk vhpp Z Apdpkdphi pe R>. Ap vhpp NyZpy Z hZ L f sps vi gugphpmp cNhp rkhpe budp p lphpu, s

Ap vi gugphpmp cNhpyhZ L f s e pe. su hZ L fpf vi gugphpmp cNhpp S> hZdpp lphu CA. hspu p spA.4&12-23 ky udp s cNhp d L f R> A sdp rs Apvfviphu pspp L p L lhpp Dkpl L V L fR> s Dfu kde S> R> 6

u LfZp A:

uSy> L fZ pQdpu vidp ky up R> Aepepy R>. sp b rhcpNp R>:1.Dru L fgy rQs(d) A 2.Dru(sL u) L fgy rQs. vfL rhcpNp Z-Z Aepep R>. b L pfprQsu cNhp kh R>(cNhp S> vpdp bgp R> ) A khu Sy>vp Z R>A hp rhQpf L fgp R> .hmu Drdp DrpA shuS> fus Drdp Drp Z rhQpf L f gpR>. L pfZ L kh (vp dpp)

Dru S> rZe L fhpdp Aphsp cNhp vp dpy*Dpvp L pfZ lp C khvp R> Ahp rZe sp,hndpu buS> pe R> AbuS>dp u hn pe R> A red kh gpNy X sp, L pC Dr L fpf flirl.AV gcNhpy Sy>vyL s h flhpu Dr S> kchi rl.

(*S> hsy pS> vp bgp lpe s hsy s vp y Dpvp L pfZ L lhpe R>; S>dL OX p dpV up bgp lphpu dpV u OX pyDpvp L pfZ R>.)

iL p:cNhpy L s dp Sy>vy h S> lpe sp Z sApMy S>Ns fQpf lpC, sdy dplpeS>Zpi A su l c[s Z i. su cNhp kh Z R> AhyhZ L fhpyiy epS>? Ahu iL ppe.


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kdp^p:khS>Nsu cNhpdpu Dr egu R> Ad L lhpdp Aph sp S> d kNf A s p

i[slu ypu NPNp c| rd Df gphhpu i[shpmp cNufu Dr C sd gpqL L L spp ^pfZsduNZsfu sp, sdy dplpe Arsie Ahp Dd rl S>Zpe. cNhpdpu khu Dr pe R> A hprhQpfu cNhpy Sy>vy h Drfrls lphpu sdy OZy dplpe S>Zpi.

iL p:epf cNhpp s Sy>vp hu Dr lphpu A s rk L fpf sL lphpu, s yhlphpprZe L hu fus pe? A hp pe.

kdp^p:sp rZe a gu pe R>. Dr AsL b L pfp rhQpfu rZ e L fgy s a g (a gh) R> A hsys: a g ps L fphp{ R>, su sp rZe L fhp kb^dp L pC L lhpy flsy u.ANp(cNhpu vi gugpAp) L lhpu S> ANu(s gugpAp L fpf cNhp)y h Z S>Zphpegy Zhy7

su cNhpu vi gugpAp kvp L l hu. cNhpp rZ e L fu cNhpu gugpApy L us L fhy,L pfZ Lsd cNhpp rZe L fhpdp Aph sp s gugpAp S> pe(NZpe). shu S> fus cNhpp rZeL fuhZ L fpf Z gugpAp yhZ L fhy As hu S> fuss dy dfZ Z L fhy. A fus dye S>kvpL fhpy R> srk i .

Ap dpZ fp furns L fg lgp (1&19&37)p Dfdpdy ekvp L fhp ep e (vi gugpL fpf cNhpp)hZdp b^y ucpNhs DepNu R> Ad L lu, bu (dfhp Xgp dye iy L fhy ? Sy>Ap2&1&1 Dfpukybpr^up Apcpk) p Dfdp L l R> L dfhp X gp dy eMpk L fu ApW ANhpmp epNy

ApQfZ L fhy, L pfZ L dfZ kde dyeu S>hu drs lpe R>shu Nrs pe R> . dfZ kde s S> rhQpfsplpe, S>dp sy d lp e, s a m s dm R>. d OZy QQm A A[f R> , su sp (A[fZppkchspZ) vp j v|f L fhp OZp kp[hL lpe sApAepNp Dep N L fhp8-9

Aepepp A:Aepe 1 sp 2:

dye kvp iy L fhy? A furnsp lgp p Dfdp khp Apdp cNhp lqfy kvp hZL us A dfZ L fhy (2&1&5) Ad iyL L lgy R>. L pfZ LAs (dfZkde ) pfpeZydfZ pe A S>S>dp Dd gpc R>(2&1&6). L dp b^ S>d u shp rNyZ Ahphpmp dyrAp Z cNhppNyZpy L us L fhpdpApv dp R> (gp.7) Ap hvu kdp ucpNhs yfpZp Dvi R>. s yfpZ, iyL

furns L lhpu rsop L f R>.

furnsp bu p Dfdp L lR> L dfhp X gp dye epNy ApQfZ L fhy. epNp Z ANpR>:

1.OfpepN2.sudphpk A3.epNp Aepk.

dfZkde spS> L pf rQ cNhpu buS> epe e shu fus Ahe ApQfZ L fhy .


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L V gpL L l R> L Al] A hp rZe L fgp R> L cNhpu gugpApy hZ Ahp epN, A b dpupsp Nd s L fhy . LV gpL Ad L l R> L s b L fhp . hmu buAp L lR> L p s-pspp Ar^L pf dpZ

hZ Ahp epN S>ep e lpe s L fhy . iy L fhy sp rZe L fphpf pspp dpkL pf R>. hmu buApL lR> L blpfu cNhp Zhpu BR>p lpe sp ep N ApQfhp.

ApQpeup ds AhpR> L iyL lgpp S>ddp rihu epNy ApQfZ L fgy. s S>epN ApQfhpy L lR> s sp ps S> AS>dphg s L l R> A hZ L fhpy sp sZ epku Zgy , su S> dfZkde S>L pf rQ cNhpu buS> epe e sdpZ Ahe ApQfZ L fhpy L lgy R>10

opdpNp epN L fu iyL A dpZ c[sepNp bp Ld L ep (gp.21)? Ahp pe, sp Zhy L S>Zp sppApdp b R> Ad kpcmgyR> s kvp Apvp Aych sp u. ""Ap Apdp b R>'' ""sy s R>'' hNf hpepu psppApdp b R>, A d S>Z kpcmgy R> s buSy > L pC L fhp epe flhpu Apvp Aych Ahe hp CA. fsy shp Aych ssp u, su sZ Apvp Ay chL fhp buSy> L pCL kp^ ip ^hy CA. R>u S>dp a g r[Qs R> shp kp^pdp hZ R> , s kp^p L ep lgp Dep Nu sy lphpu s kp^p S> Dvi L fhp CA. sL u ""Apdp S> b R>'' Ahp rkegp ds Aychu rh{ R>, (L pfZ L Ahy hZ L fhpu Apv sp u). ""Ap rhopde Apdp bR>'' Ad ipdpS> Apdp b lphpy L lg R>s Aychu rh{ lpC S>d d|rs rh lphpu byr pe R>sd Apdpdpb lp hpu byr L fphpf R> (su bk| 2&3&29 dpS>Zph g) evi (pd Aphpp)ds NlZ L fgp R>. (Apdp bp Ai lphpu A sdp bp NyZp lp hpu, s b L lg R>. ""Aprhopde Apdp b R>'' A yrs S> Ap dsp Ap^pf R>, L pfZ L "rhopde' lphy A NyZ Apdp Ab bdp lphpu Apdp ipdp b L lg R> ). su Apdp ps S> b R>A ds sp, dp dpgp

fpe S>hplp C, DepNu lphpu opdpNp iyLDv i L fg u.

bu kp^dp ep N ApQfhp S>fu R> Ahp Dvi L fgpR>. d QQg lphpu, ep N ApQfu, s[f L fu, cNhpu NyZhpmu du L gu bpX d|rsy, Ahp Asepdu hy khu cf| fvedp ep ^fhy . AdpZ ep Nu rQ [f sp, sdp du L gu cNhpu d|rsy ep L fu, shpepu rQ khu cf|f pe epf fdpv L V pe R>, AV gs hu [rsdp kvp flhpu kyMu pe R>.sd L fhpu opy a g (Apv) Z ps pe R>. fsy epf NyZp hr L fph , epf fNyZ AsdpNyZ bghp C rQu [fsp flhp v, epf sZ rQ [f L fhpp ep Np kp^ S> L fhp CA11-13

S> dfhp X gp lpe sZ Df S>Zpep dpZ ep Ny ApQfZ L fhy . S> dfhp X gp lpe ZdeyBR>sp lpe s Z dey pe ep ky u Ahu fus epNyApQfZ L fhy . Z epNu Apey eu hr pespp spu BR>p dpZ vlp epN L fhp. sdp Z bn R> : 1.khL pfu L pC Z L pdp lp e sp vlpepN L fhpp kdeS> rgP Nvlp Z epN L fhp. sd L fhpu sfs S> dy[s ps pe R>. 2.fsy L pdpAplpe sp ûf-ûfrhcpNu (d | g vlpS>) epN L fhp A rgP N vl fpMu sp crhedp, L pdp flepf, epN L fhp. Ad L fhpu ddy[s ps pe R>. hN hN f ps L fphpf ^dpl gpL fgp lpe sps^dp epN kpep R>u ûf-ûf v| f hp R>sp a gp kb^dp hpkpu flu Nep lp e (a g ps L fhpuhpkp d|L u v|f ep lpe) sp fgpL (hN hNf) ps L fhpu BR>p fl R>. shp kN Ap ddy[spdpN


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NlZ L fhpdp Aph R>14-14&&

cNhpp Sy>vp-Sy>vp hy ep L fhpu Z Sy>vp -Sy>vp a g ps pe R>. |g bpX hy ep L fsplpCA epf dey pe sp ""d ey kdeS> hu drs lpe shy a g ps pe R>'' A reddpZ ep ^fpf Z rhfpV pe R>. rhfpV ygp L dp ehlpqfL bp R> (su s bp pe R>); fsy cNhpp k| d(Asepdu) hy ep L fsp dey pe sp dye a g sfs S> dy[s ps pe. Ahp ddy[s ps pe.

Ad lpe sp epNu S> dy[s ps su lphpu A c[su s ps su lphpu hZ hNfc[sdpN L pdp S> R>A hu iL p L fhu. L pfZ L ApW ANhpmp epNdp Z cNhpy ep S> a g psL fphp{ R>. sdp epNy pbe u Z epp rhje (AV g S> dy ep ^fhpdp Aph R> s cNhpud|rs) y pbe R>. su du L gu cNhpu d|rs Z dy [s Appfu L lgu R> sp R>u c[sdpNdpkpnps cNhpp hZ hNf L fhpdp Aph su dy[s ps pe sdp L lhy S> iy? hZ hNf L fhpu spcNhp pskpnps L V pe R> . su c[s A epN dpsp OZp S> c v R>. (epN L fspc[s OZu S> R>)15-16

Df L ys d dphpdpdpZ iy R> ? Ahp pe, sp Zhy L cNhpu | g bpX d|rsyrQdp rQs L fhpu cNhpdp c[s pe R> Ac[s hpu cNhpp k|d Asepdu hdp h i L fR>. su sp iyL ep ^fhpu bd|rsAp L lgu R>. s L u |g d|rsy ep c[sy AN R> Ad 2&2&14 dpS>Zphg R>. c[s C lpe Akkpfdp Apk[s lp e epky ^u cNhpp k|d hdp d hi L fsyu. hyop c[su ps sy lphpu S> a g ps L fphp{ R>17.

hmu hZ hNf L fhp CAAhp rZe A u Z pe R>L epN hN f khkp^p c[sp ANR>A hZ hNf c[s L fphpfp R>. su S> Ap L fZp Dk lpf L fsp 2&2&33 dp iyL L l gy R> L ""Apkkpfdp hi L fpfAp dpN L S>u cNhp hpkyvhdp c[sep N Ahp fd d D pe R>su bu L epZL pfL L pC dpN u''. Ahu fus Dklpfdp kp^p dp c[sp AN lphpy L lgy R> A c[sL fphpf hZ hNf R>. L ep N hNf vfL-vf L c[s L fphpf R>, R>sp Z sAp AL -buy pjZL fphpfp R>, su (hZ, |g hyep A k|dhy ep) Z L lgp R> . sAp AL -buy L hufus pjZ L fpfp pe R> A 2&2&33 Dfp ukybpr^udp S>ZphgyR>18

iL p:hZ Aep N bc[s L fphpfp lp C Abdpu Nd s L fhpy lpC, kvp hZ L fhpu ipgpc? dey kdeep N S> ApQfhp, L pfZ Ls pX p kdedp S> C iL ? A hu iL p pe.

kdp^p:spZhy L dey epf i sp kv l flsplpe epf epN ApQfpf vy:Mu pe R> . deyhpdp OZp kdep rhgb lpe epf sp Ap hZ S> klgpCu C iL shy R>. epN vy:Mu C iL, epfhZ-L us-dfZ L fhpdp sp ky M pe R>. su hZ kyMu C iL shy lphpu A Df S>Zpey sd|g hp epu c[s ps ep rhp k|d hy ep sy lphpu hZ L fhy S>fu lphpu hZL fhyCA.


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epN S> ApQfhp A hp rhQpf fpMpsp Z hZ L fhy S>fu R>. L pfZ L hZ L fp sp kvp h^spS>sp p gu^, epN L S>ep Ny AN R> s C iL i rl AhZ li sp 2&8&5 dpZ s p h^hp

rl v. hZ rl pe sp epN Z C iL irl. fsy AL gy hZ L fip spepN ApQfhpu Z S>f rlfl, L pfZ L epN lp e (epN ApQfg lpe) spZ hZu k egp cNhp ps S> a g psL fph R>. su epN NpZ kp^ lphpu iyLDklpfdp c[sdpNp S> Dv i L fgpR>.

Ap lgp b Aepedp cNhp uLZy cS> L fhpp S> Dvi L f gp R>, L pfZ L cS> S> reL fhpy R> . hZ hNf (cS>) S> dye kp^ R>, epN dye kp^ u. hZ (L us A dfZ) S>rQe a g ps L fph R>. hmu hZ hNf L fhpdpvp j Z R>, L pfZ L (2&1&5 sp 2&2&36) Ad ApL fZp Apfc sp As dp ""pse: L ursseQ dse:'' cNhpy hZ L fhy CA, L us L fhyCAA dfZ L fhy CA Ad rhe S> "se' eep ep N L fgp R> sipu Apop S>Zphpf R>Ad gpL dp huL pfpeg R>. su lgp b Aepep Ap L fZdp uL ZycS> L fhpp S> Dv i R>. Ap S>re L fhp epe R>, buSy> L pC re L fhp ep e u&&19-20&&

Aepe u : pdp bp^L:

u Aepedp Sy>vp-Sy>vp vppu L pdphpmpApuL Z rkhpe bu Sy >vp-Sy>vp vhpy cS> L f R>sL l gy R>. Sy>vu L pdp rk L fhp Sy>vp vhpycS> L f R>(2&3&1-12). bu vhpy cS> L fhy S>fu u,sdS> s L fhpdp Aph sp s u cNhpycS> L fhpdp L pC AX QZ su u, su s L fhy CA. fsySy>vu-Sy>vu L pdpAplpe epf s Sy >vu-Sy>vu L pdp |fu pX pf Sy>vp-Sy>vp vhpy cS> pe R>. Ap L pdpApps L fhpy L pe dlpcy uL ZycS> L fhpu Z pe R>. A uL Zu khp L fhpdp Aph sp khB[ep rha g Z pe R>. su b L pe L fhpp R>:

1.bu vhpy cS> A2.B[epu uL Zu khp L fhu s.

L fhp epe lphpAp bdp kdp lphpu Ap b AL kp u Aepedp L lgp R> . suuLZy cS> rlsL pfL R> Ad S>Zphhp u Aepe epS>gp R> . Apu Ad L lgy R> L cNhpy cS> L fpe sp opup vl A B[ep Z a gfrls R> (gp.17). su opuA, L pdp lphp R>sp, B[eprlsL pfL pe s dpV cNhpy cS> L fhy CA. s cS> L f sp Sy >vu-Sy>vu B[epp ArcdphpmpvhspAp cNhpp kb^ hpu vy:Mu spdpn ps L fhpdp Ahp opdp rh L f . s Apdp ep lpe

(AV g s |g vlp Ahp k|d vlpZ Aepk fp lpe) R>sp Z uL Zy cS> L fg lphpuS>d L d L fhp Ais lpe s A[dp hi L fR>, kp s p vl sp B[epa gfrls fl R> sd s u b^uB[epa gfrls S> fl R>. s u b^u B[epu cNhpy cS> L fhy CA Ad S>Zphu ucpNhsp hZhNfdp pyhZ L ey.

Ap u Aepedp1.bu vhy cS> L fhpy A 2.(vy B[epu) cNhpycS> sy uAb rhjep Ld L lgp R> ? Ahp pe sp Zhy L bu vhp y cS> L fhy A cNhppcS>rhpu B[ep fpMhu Ad L fhpy bdp kdp lphpu Ab rhjep Ap Aepedp L lgp R> .


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ipLp Dkpl:

Ap u Aepedp ucpNhsy hZ L fpfy sdp p lphpy L lhpy R>. fp furns sp

hZdpp R> A hp rQe C Nep R>, L pfZ L lgp L ^dp shZp Dd Ar^L pfu S>Zph gp R>.ipL hZdp p R> L rl s p kvl R>. Al] hZ L fpf hZ L fhpp Dkpl R> Ad L lhpy R>(L pfZ L p lpe sp Dkpl lpe S> tl). Al] ipL Dkpl R> L rl s rhjedpkvl lphpu s ZS> cNhpp cS> rhp Apeye vl A B[ep ra g R> Ad Al](gp .17-24) L lu, hZ L fhpppsppDkpl lphpy S>Zphgy R>.

uLZy cS> L fhpdp bu vhpy cS> X sf R> A rQe sp hZ L fpf kh kdp R> .vy B[ep Z X sf R>. Ap bAX QZp v|f L fhpy A L S> L pfu ApscNhpy hZ hNf L fhpurk sy lphpu Apop u Aepep A L lgp R> . (iyL Ap A 2&1&5dp L lg, s p ipL Al]gp.36u Ayhpv L fgp R>)*. bu vhy cS> A B[eppvp j hZ hNfdpX sf R> Ahp AepepA R>. B[epvp jhpmu lpe spbu v hy cS> pe R>. sdS> bu vhycS> L fhpdp Aph sp B[ep vpjhpmu pe R>. uL Zy cS> (hZ hNf) L fhpu Ap bAV L u e R> su cNhpy hZ, L us A dfZ L fhyAhu Apop L fu AL S> L pfu b vp j v|f L fhpyL y 21-23

(*Ap Aepep gpL 10dp iyLAp Aepep A Apop L fgp R>(AphfZcP N). 2&1&5 sp2&2&36 dp "se' ee S>rhr^(ipu Apop) viphpf R> s epS>gp lphpu s gp L pkb^ gu^p R>.2&3&10 dp "eS>s'iv ipu Apop viphpf u. hmu Aepep As p Asdp L lhpe su gpL 10,Aepep Asdp NZpe).

(2&2&36 gpL ipL L lg lphpu) cNhpy cS> Ahe L fhy CA Ahyop s lphpy rkpe R>, sp R>u sZgp.13 sp 25dp |R >eps |R>hpu iu S>f lsu?'' A hu iL p pe, spZhy L ep ky ^u cyp h NyZp L d hN f kpfu fus Zhpdp Aph ep ky ^u cS> hpdp kie fl R>.cNhpp h hNfy op lpe ep ky u cS> C iL sy u, su cNhpph hNf y op psL fhp ipL L fg24

Aepe Qpp-furnsp Dkpl:

u Aepedp ipL p Dkply rZ L fu, Qpp Aepedp Apfcdp furnsp Dkply rZ L fgyR>. furnsu ddspp pi ep R> Ad lgp S>Zphu cNhpy cS> (hZ hNf) L fhpdp

sp Dkpl S>Zphgp R>. furns iyL L f R> s l gp Ap Aepep d Qpf gpL pu iyL furnspDkply rZ L f R>. sdp gpL 2u su ddspp pi epy L lgy R>. Ap ddspp pi kpdpe fushZdpp S>Zphpfp R>.

iL p:furns sp lgp S> dfspky up Dhpk Apvfgp AV g fpe hNfdp u ddspp epN L fg,lha fuu s pepN L fhpp L hu fus lpe? A hu iL p pe.

kdp^p:sp Zhy L rhjep epN L fg lp hp R>sps du Avf fl gp lpe R> Aop pshpu S> sv|f pe R>. lqf cNhp kh egp R> Ahp cNhp lqf S> cS> L fhp epe R> , Ahy op lh


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sey s u ddp kvp h^u S>su ddspp sZ epN L ep . furns iyL S> L f R> , Dd psp sp hspAb Ddp dpS> L fpe R> , s uL Z S> cS> L fhp epe R>A hy op ep R>u pe R>, AV gfurns

fpe hNf rhjedp ddspp epN L fu L fgp lphpu(gp.6-10) s sp hZ L fhpp DkplS>Zphpfp R>. *lgp hsp k|s dp ucpNhsy hZ L fg lphpu dp op lsy bu hsp iyL epNkp op lsy su iyL pspp Ar^L pf dpZ d sp Apvf A pp p hQpu Df Ap R> .(gp.12-17 d; gp.18-24 pp). Ap d A pp u iyL p L us L fhpp Dkpl Z rkpe R>.

(*Al] kde Aykfu lgp sp bu L lgp u, Z ucpNhsdplgp k| s hsp sfuL Aph R>AR>u iy L Aph R>, su sd Ay dl gp Abu L lgp S>Zpe R> .)

A dpZhZ-L usdp kh p Dkpl epR>u furnsrhhpk fl s dpV iy L psS> cNhpy h hNf L lhpy X syd|L u, lgp bp A pfv p Ap rhjedp k hpv egp, s khpvu S> s L l hpdpV gp.25dps khpvp hps L l R> 25-26&&

Aepe pQdp; cNhpdpu d|s-S>X vppu Dr:

cNhp S> vpdp pe R> A s S> cS> L fhp epe R> A hyop ucpNhsu S> pe R> ,bu L pC L pf sy u. pQdp Aepep Apfcdp (gp.1-2) pfv bp S> L fg R> s Dfu S>Ap S>Zpe R>. khipp p AprZe kpdpe fus L lhpdp Aph sp Z ucpNhsy hZ L eprhp kpfufus Zhpdp Aphsp u su S> pfv kh Zpf lphp R>sp sZ bp Ap L f g R>. pfv khZpf lphp R>sps Z ucpNhsy hZ L fg

bhagavatarth guj 1 12 skandh (gujarati bhasha)

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