konferensi asia afrika 1955

7/21/2019 Konferensi Asia Afrika 1955

1/25

Pntnr Cmsnlfm

Xencmrle fml Celgnrnlsk Mskm Mgrkcm =;>>

Xnsufmd Pnrmlo Fulkm KK celgkourmsk peaktkc fulkm fktmlfmk eand

bulhualym fum cncumtml rmcsmsm fulkm ymlo smaklo jnrtnltmloml, ymclk

Mbnrkcm Xnrkcmt fml ^lk Xevknt. Cnfum cncumtml rmcsmsm ktu bmsklo

bmsklo bnbpulymk skstnb peaktkc fml jnltuc pnbnrkltmd ymlo jnrjnfm.

Cnfum cncumtml ktu smaklo jnrtnltmloml fml jnraebjmaebjm bnlyusul

fml bnlonbjmlocml cncumtmllym jmkc snhmrm peaktks bmupul bkaktnr

bnakputk pnlonbjmloml snl!mtm lucakr. Xktumsk pnrtnltmloml ktu fksnjut

Pnrmlo Fklokl. "kmptkmp pkdmc bnlultut supmym snbum lnomrm fk fulkm

klk bnl!mtudcml pkakdmllym cnpmfm smamd smtu jaec ktu. "kfmc # pre $

sufmd fkmloomp # mltk $, snfmlocml skcmp lntrma fkcutuc.

Fmamb %mctu sklocmt, cntnomloml mltmrm jaec cmpktmaks pkbpklml

Mbnrkcm Xnrkcmt fnloml jaec cebulks fk jm%md pkbpklml ^lk Xevknt

tkfmc dmlym tnrjmtms fk &repm, bnamklcml bnaums cn %kamymd%kamymd amkl

tnrbmsuc Mskm "kbur. Fk 'klm, bksmalym, pnrbusudml mltmrm cnaebpec

lmskelmaks fml cebulks ymlo tnamd jnramlosulo snlokt fk lnonrk ktu

bnlhmpmk pulhmclym cntkcm pmfm tmdul ()*) pnbnrkltmd lmskelmaks

Ceubkltmlo fk jm%md pkbpklml 'dkmlo Cmk sdnc cmamd fml bnamrkcml

fkrk cn "mk%ml Pnbnrkltmd 'klm Fmrmtmlpul fkmbjka makd fml fkcumsmk

eand cnaebpec cebulks fk jm%md pkbpklml +me nfelo. Cnbnlmloml

cnaebpec cebulks klk mbmt bnlonhn%mcml Mbnrkcm Xnrkcmt snjmj

snambm klk pnbnrkltmdml 'dkmlo Cmksdnc bnlfmpmt fuculoml ymlo mbmt

cumt fmrk -msdklotel.

(


2/25

Xnbnltmrm ktu, fmamb %mctu sntmdul sntnamd pnlombjkmakdml

cncumsmml fk 'klm eand cnaebpec Cebulks, ymclk pmfm tmdul ()/,

Cernm ^tmrm ymlo !uom cebulks bnbutuscml ultuc bnloklvmsk Cernm

Xnamtml ymlo mltkcebulks. Fmamb upmym bnbpnrtmdmlcml cnfmuamtml

%kamymdlym fml bnlomamdcml busudlym ktu, Cernm Xnamtml fkjmltu eand

Mbnrkcm Xnrkcmt, snbnltmrm Cernm ^tmrm bnlfmpmt fuculoml fmrk ^lk

Xevknt bmupul 'klm. Xntnamd jnramlosulo snambm tkom tmdul, tnrlymtm

tkfmc mfm pkdmc ymlo fklymtmcml bnlmlo mtmu cmamd. Pmfm tmdul ()0,

Pnrmlo Cernm pul jnrmcdkr, tntmpk jucml fnloml pnr!ml!kml fmbmk mtmu

surmt pnlynrmdml fkrk fmrk pkdmc ymlo cmamd, bnamklcml dmlym fnloml

onlhmtml snl!mtm, snjmomkbmlm dma ktu jnramcu smbpmk dmrk klk.

"kfmc pnamc amok, cnbnlmloml cnaebpec cebulks fk 'klm Fmrmtml

jnrkcut Pnrmlo Cernm bnbjumt pnbnrkltmd Mbnrkcm Xnrkcmt bnl!mfk

onbntmr sncmakous smfmr jmd%m cebulksbn tkfmc dmlym bnrupmcmlmlhmbml jmok pnlomrud cnpnltkloml cmpktmaks fk &repm =mrmt, bnamklcml

!uom fk Mskm, tnrbmsuc Mskm "nloomrm. =nrcmktml fnloml mlhmbml

cebulksbn fk Mskm "nloomrm klk sn!ubamd pn!mjmt tklook Mbnrkcm Xnrkcmt

snbmckl ymckl pmfm mpm ymlo fksnjut snjmomk # tnerk febkle #.

=nrfmsmrcml tnerk klk bnrncm jnrpnlfmpmt jmd%m jkam smtu lnomrm,

cdususlym fk Mskm "nloomrm, !mtud cn tmloml cebulks, dma ktu mcmlfksusua fnloml !mtudlym lnomrmlrnomrm tntmloom cn tmloml ymlo smbm.

Xnjmomk smamd smtu upmym !mloml smbpmk # ngnc febkle # klk

bnl!mfk cnlymtmml, pmfm tmdul ()* Mbnrkcm Xnrkcmt bnbprmcmrsmk

fkjnltuclym sumtu pmctm pnrtmdmlml bkaktnr jnrsmbm lnomrmlnomrm Mskm

"nloomrm ymlo fksnjut Xeutd &mst Mskm "nnmty :romlk8mtkel 6X&M":>.

Xnjmomkbmlm 7M":, eromlksmsk klk !uom fkbmcsufcml eand Mbnrkcm

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3/25

Xnrkcmt ultuc bnbjnlfulo pnlomrud ^lk Xevknt fml cebulksbn pmfm

ubublym, fmamb dma klk fk cm%msml Mskm "nloomrm, Klfelnskm bnleamc

bnl!mfk mlooetmlym.

+nsckpul pmfm prklskplym Pnrmlo Fklokl tkfmc bnakjmtcml celgakc

bkaktnr mltmrm Mbnrkcm Xnrkcmt fml ^lk Xevknt snhmrm amlosulo, fmamb

prmctnclym Pnrmlo Fklokl bnamdkrcml pnrmlo jnrcnpml!mloml mltmrm

pkdmcpkdmc ymlo fkfuculo eand cnfum lnomrm mfkfmym tnrsnjut. 4ma klk

tmbpmc mbmt !nams mamb trmonfk Pnrmlo ;kntlmb, fk bmlm Mbnrkcm Xnrkcmt

tnrakjmt fmrk tmdul ()9* 3 ()1. Mfm anjkd fmrk 2./// tnltmrm Mbnrkcm

Xnrkcmt ymlo tn%ms fmamb pnrmlo ktu, snfmlo fk pkdmc ;kntlmb !ubamd

cerjml tn%ms bnlhmpmk sncktmr fum !utm ermlo. +nsckpul fnloml !ubamd

cerjml tn%ms bnlhmpmk sncktmr fum !utm ermlo. +nsckpul fnloml !ubamd

tetma cerjml pnrmlo ymlo jnoktu jnsmr, pkdmc cebulks bnbnlmlocml

pnrmlo, fml pmfm tmdul ()1 fnloml pnrmsmml ontkr Mbnrkcm Xnrkcmt

dmrus mlocmt cmck fmrk ;kntlmb.

Xufmd jucml rmdmskm amok jmd%m snambm Pnrmlo Fklokl usmdm

usmdm Mbnrkcm Xnrkcmt fml ^lk Xevknt ultuc bnlmrkc lnomrmlnomrm Mskm

"nloomrm cn cuju bmsklobmsklo !uom fkamcucml tnrdmfmp Klfelnskm.

Cnlymtmml jmd%m Klfelnskm tkfmc dmlym bnbkakck antmc ymlo strmtnoks

tntmpk !uom cmym mcml subjnr fmym mamb bnbjumt cnfum cuju PnrmloFklokl tnrtmrkc ultuc bnbkakck snjmlymc bulockl pnlomrud 6cmamu jucml

celtrea> mtms lnonrk ymlo jmru bnrfncm klk.


4/25

jaec cncumtml rmcsmsm fulkm ymlo jnrtnltmloml ktu Klfelnskm tkfmc bmu

bnbkakd smamd smtu pkdmc. Klfelnskm bnlombjka !maml snlfkrk fmamb

bnlodmfmpk bmsmamdbmsmamd kltnrlmskelma. :and cmrnlm ktu, peaktkc aumr

lnonrk klk fksnjut # peaktkc jnjms #. Xnrklo puam peaktkc klk fkpnr!nams

fnloml bnlmbjmd cmtm # mctkg $ sndkloom bnl!mfk # peaktkc jnjmsmctkg #.

Fnloml # mctkg $ fkbmcsufcml jmd%m Klfelnskm jnrusmdm sncumtcumtlym

ultuc bnbnakdmrm pnrfmbmkml fml bnrnfmcml pnrtnltmlomlpnrtnltmloml

snsumk fnloml hktmhktm P==. Peaktkc aumr lnonrk klk snfmpmt bulockl

fkusmdmcml momr bnlfmpmt jmltuml fml fuculoml snjmlymc bulockl fmrk

lnomrmlnomrm ymlo bnl!mfk mlooetm P==.

Cmjklnt Mak Xmstrembkf!e!e K bnamcsmlmcml egnlskg fkpaebmtkc

ymlo bnlel!ea. 4ma ktu tnrhnrbkl fmamb !m%mjmllym pmfm tmlooma 0 5ulk

()? cnpmfm Pmranbnl momr pnbnrkltmd bnlntmpcml skcmp ymlo pmstk

mltmrm tkom cnbulocklml peaktkc aumr lnonrklym, ymktu 6(> cnr!m smbm

fnloml snbum lnomrm fnloml bnlktkcjnrmtcml cnr!m smbm fnlomlMbnrkcm Xnrkcmt, fnloml snomam celsncunlsklym@ 6?> cnr!m smbm fnloml

snbum lnomrm fnloml bnlktkcjnrmtcml cnpmfm cnr!m smbm fnloml ^lk

Xevknt, fnloml snomam celsncunlsklym@ fml 60> cnr!m smbm fnloml snbum

lnomrm fnloml bnlktkcjnrmtcml cnpmfm pnlyusulml cncumtml cntkom, fk

smbpklo jaec Mbnrkcm fml jaec ^lk Xevknt.

Xnaml!utlym fmamb cntnrmlomllym cnpmfm Pmranbnl pmfm tmlooma

? Moustus ()0, Pnrfmlm +nltnrk Mak Xmstrembkf!e!e bnlonbucmcml

jntmpm pnltklolym usmdm pnbupucml cnr!m smbm mltmrm lnomrmlnomrm

MskmMgrkcm. Fmamb cntnrmloml tnrsnjut fkcnbucmcml #Cnr!m smbm

fnloml lnomrmlnomrm MskmMgrkcm 6Mrmj> cmbk pmlfmlo pnltklo jnlmr,

cmrnlm cmbk ymckl jmd%m cnr!m smbm nrmt mltmrm lnomrmlnomrm tnrsnjut

*


5/25

tnltuamd mcml bnbpnrcumt usmdm cn mrmd tnrhmpmklym pnrfmbmkml fulkm

ymlo cncma.$

Ksk pnrlymtmml tnrsnjut tkfmc jnrmrtk jmd%m Klfelnskm dnlfmc

bnbjnltuc sumtu jaec cntkom, oulm fkdmfmpcml cnpmfm cnfum jaec

amkllym, snjmomkbmlm ymlo cnbufkml fk!namscml eand P+ Mak

Xmstrembf!e!e@ # J..Fmamb dma klk jucml bmcsuf pnbnrkltmd Klfelnskm

ultuc bnbjnltuc sumtu jaec cntkom, tntmpk mfmamd bnl!mfk pnlfmpmt

Klfelnskm, jmd%m sumtu celgnrnlsk MskmMgrkcm smlomt bulockl

bnlferelo tnrhkptmlym sumtu gmcter pnrfmbmkml fml fmpmt bnbjnrkcml

subjmloml jmok pnrfmbmkml fulkm. # Pnl!namsml pnbnrkltmd pmfm tmlooma

? Moustus ()0 tnrsnjut bnrupmcml amlfmsml fmamb rmlocm bnbupuc

seakfmrktms MskmMgrkcm fml bnlyusul cncumtmllym momr bnlfmpmtcml

pesksk ymlo bnloultulocml fk tnlomdtnlomd pnrhmturml peaktkc

kltnrlmskelma.

. Peaktkc

jnrtntmloom jmkc snrklo fktel!eacml tnrutmbm eand Cmjklnt Mak

Xmstrembkf!e!e K fmamb juaml 5mlumrk ()0 tmtcmam bnamcsmlmcml

dujuloml fml celsuatmsk fnloml lnomrmlnomrm tntmloom snpnrtk Klfkm,

Pmckstml, =krbm, fml Xrk Hmlocm, ymlo smbm pmlfmlomllym bnlonlmkpeaktkc kltnrlmskelma, tnrutmbm bnlonlmk Pnrmlo Fklokl, bksmalym ultuc

bnlodnltkcml pnrmlo fk Cernm. +nlurut bnrncm, Pnrmlo Fklokl klk

smlomt fktmcutk eand ubmt bmluskm. Mamt pnrmlo ymlo snbmckl dnjmt fml

fmdymt ymlo fmamb sncn!mp bmtm ymlo smlooup bnbuslmdcml fmnrmd

ymlo aums jnsnrtm pnlfufuclym, bmckl bnlnbjmacml cnymcklml fmamb

dmtk jmlosmjmlosm tnltmlo butamc pnraulym pnrfmbmkml fml dmrus

fkhnomdlym pnrmlo. Cnymcklml klkamd ymlo bnl!mfk pnomloml jmok


6/25

Klfelnskm ultuc jnr!umlo jmok pnrfmbmkml, sndkloom tkfmc bnbkakd smamd

smtu pkdmc fk mltmrm cnfum rmcsmsm ktu.

Peaktkc jnjms mctkg fktul!uccml eand Pnrfmlm +nltnrk Mak

Xmstrembkf!e!e pmfm Celgnrnlsk Ceaebje ymlo jnramlosulo fmrk tmlooma

?2 Mprka smbpmk fnloml ? +nk ()* fml fkdmfkrk eand Pnrfmlm +nltnrk ^

7u fmrk =urbm, Pnrfmlm +nltnrk 5m%mdmrama fmrk Klfkm, Pnrfmlm

+edmbbmf Mak fmrk Pmckstml, Pnrfmlm +nltnrk Xkr 5edl Cetnam%mam fmrk

'nyael, fml Pnrfmlm +nltnrk Mak Xmstrembfe!e!e.

Fmamb celgnrnlsk tnrsnjut Mak Xmstrembkf!e!e bnlymrmlcml momr

pnrtnbumlpnrtnbuml snaml!utlym fkpnraums fnloml pnbkbpklpnbkbpkl

lnomrmlnomrm amkllym fmrk Mskm Mgrkcm. Xnaml!utlym fmamb mcdkr

cul!uloml Mak Xmstrembkf!e!e cn Klfkm pmfm tmlooma ? Xnptnbjnr ()*

fk 7n% Fnadk fkcnaumrcml Pnrlymtmml =nrsmbm KlfelnskmKlfkm ymlo

bnlncmlcml cnbjmak pnraulym fksnanloomrmcml celgnrnjsk lnomrmlnomrmMskmMgrkcm ymlo mcml jnrbmlgmmt jmok usmdm bnlul!mlo pnrfmbmkml

fulkm snrtm bnlomfmcml pnlfncmtmlpnlfncmtml bnlonlmk bmsmamd

bmsmamd ymlo snfmlo fkdmfmpk. Xntnamd jnrcul!ulo cn Klfkm, Mak

Xmstrembkf!e!e bnloul!ulok =urbm. Pmfm mcdkr cul!ulomllym

fkcnaumrcml puam pnrlymtmml jnrsmbm. Fk fmamb pnrlymtmml klk fk!namscml

jmd%m Pnrfmlm +nltnrk =urbm !uom bnlomloomp jmd%m Celgnrnlsk MskmMgrkcm pnrau fml mcml jnrbmlgmmt jmok pnrfmbmkml fulkm. Xntnamd ktu,

fkmfmcml pnrtnbuml cnbjmak pmrm pnrfmlm bnltnrk pnsnrtm Celgnrnlsk

Ceaebje fk Klfelnskm ultuc bnbjkhmrmcml pnrskmpmlpnrskmpml

celgnrnlsk lnomrmlnomrm Mskm Mgrkcm fk Klfelnskm.

Pnrtnbuml ymlo fksnanloomrmcml fk =eoer fmrk tmlooma ?2 3 0(

Fnsnbjnr ()* fml fksnjut Celgnrnlsk =eoer ktu tnamd bnlom!ucml

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7/25

rncebnlfmsk ultuc 6m> bnlomfmcml Celgnrnlsk Mskm Mgrkcm fk =mlfulo

fmamb juaml Mprka ()@ 6j> bnlntmpcml cnakbm lnomrm pnsnrtm

Celgnrnlsk =eoer snjmomk lnomrmlnomrm spelser@ 6h> bnlntmpcml ?

lnomrmlnomrm Mskm Mgrkcm ymlo mcml fkulfmlo@ fml 6f> bnlnltucml

nbpmt tu!uml pecec fmrk Celgnrnlsk Mskm Mgrkcm, ymktu ultuc 6(>

bnbm!ucml cnbmuml jmkc fml cnr!m smbm mltmrm jmlosmjmlosm Mskm

Mgrkcm fmamb bnl!nam!md fml bnbm!ucml cnpnltklomlcnpnltkloml

jnrsmbm bnrncm snrtm bnbpnrcucud dujuloml pnrsmdmjmtml fml

tntmloom jmkc@ 6?> bnlkl!mu bmsmamdbmsmamd seskma, ncelebk, fml

cnjufmymml fmrk lnomrmlnomrm ymlo fk%mckak@ 60> bnbpnrtkbjmlocml

bmsmamdbmsmamd seskma, ncelebk, fml cnjufmymml fmrk lnomrmlnomrm

ymlo fk%mckak@ 6*> bnbpnrtkbjmlocml bmsmamdbmsmamd cnpnltkloml

cdusus fmrk jmlosmjmlosm MskmMgrkcm, snpnrtk bmsmamd cnfmuamtml

lmskelma, rmskmaksbn, fml ceaelkmaksbn@ fml 6> bnlkl!mu cnfufucml Mskm

Mgrkcm fml rmcymtlym, snrtm bnbjnrkcml subjmloml ymlo fmpmt bnrncm

jnrkcml fmamb usmdm bnbm!ucml pnrfmbmkml fml cnr!m smbm fulkm.

Xntnamd Celgnrnlsk Pnrskmpml fk =eoer, fmrk tmlooma (2 3 ? Mprka

() fksnanloomrmcml Celgnrnlsk Mskm Mgrkcm fk =mlfulo fnloml fkdmfkrk

eand ?* lnomrm ulfmloml fml lnomrm pnlombjka prmcmrsm. 7nomrm

lnomrm ceaelkma =mrmt pmfm ubublym bnlymloskcml cnbmbpuml lnomrm

lnomrm jmru ktu ultuc bnlynanloomrmcml celgnrnlsk peaktkc. Xnjmakclym,smbjutmlsmbjutml fml ferelomlgereloml pesktkg tnrfnlomr fmrk pkdmc

lnomrmlnomrm seskmaks. Fnloml bmckl cumtlym usmdm lnomrmlnomrm

seskmaks fml lnomrmlnomrm amkl ultuc bnlel!eacmlpnmhnguaa-henxkstnlhn,

monlfm Celgnrnlsk =mlfulo bnbumt akbm pecec mhmrm ymlo mcml

fkjkhmrmcml, ymktu 6(> cnr!m smbm ncelebk @ 6?> cnr!m smbm jufmym @ 60>

dmcdmc msmsk bmluskm fml dmc bnlnltucml lmskj snlfkrk 6fk fmamblym

mltmrm amkl tnrbmsuc sema Pmanstklm fml rmskmaksbn>@ 6*> bmsmamdbmsmamd

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8/25

jmlosmjmlosm ymlo tkfmc bnrfncm 6 fk fmamblym mltmrm amkl tnrbmsuc

sema Krkml =mrmt fml Mgrkcm> @ fml 6*> bmsmamd pnrfmbmkml fulkm fml cnr!m

smbm kltnrlmskelma 6fk fmamblym tnrbmsuc jnjnrmpm snok tnltmlo P==,

sema cencskstnlsk bmsmamd Klfe'klm, Mfnl, snrtm bmsmamd pnlourmloml

pnrsnl!mtmml snrtm bmsmamdbmsmamd snl!mtm pnbuslmd bmssma.

Fmamb pkfmte pnbjucmml Celgnrnlsk Mskm Mgrkcm, Prnskfnl

Xencmrle bnlomtmcml mltmrm amkl bnloklomtcml jmd%m ceaelkmaksbn

jnaub cmok bmtk

Fml, smym bkltm cnpmfm "umltuml, !mlomlamd dnlfmclym bnakdmt ceaelkmaksbn

fmamb jnltuc camskclym sm!m, snpnrtk ymlo cktm fk Klfelnskm fml smufmrm

smufmrm cktm fk jnrjmomk %kamymd Mskm fml Mgrkcm, bnlonlmalym. Ceaelkmaksbn

bnbpulymk !uom jm!u befnrl, fmamb jnltuc pnloumsml ncelebk, pnloumsmml

kltnanctuma, pnloumsmml bmtnrkka ymlo lymtmlymtm, fkamcucml eand sncubpuaml

cnhka ermloermlo msklo ymlo tklooma fk tnlomdtnlomd rmcymt.

Celgnrnlsk klk bnlodmskacml jnrjmomk cnputusml pnltklo ymlo

fktumlocml fmamb sumtu cebulkcn jnrsmbm. Fk smbpklo ktu tnamd

fksntu!uk prklskpprklskp dujuloml kltnrlmskelma fmamb rmlocm

bnbnakdmrm fml bnbm!ucml pnrfmbmkml fulkm. Prklskpprklskp tnrsnjut

fkcnlma fnloml # Fmsmskam =mlfulo.$ Hnlocmplym Fmsmskam =mlfulo

mfmamd snjmomk jnrkcut 6(> +nloderbmtk dmcdmc fmsmr bmluskm fmltu!umltu!uml snrtm msmsmsms ymlo tnrbumt fmamb Pkmomb P==@ 6?>

+nloderbmtk cnfmuamtml fml kltnorktms tnrrkterkma snbum jmlosm@ 60>

+nlomcuk pnrsmbmml snbum rms fml pnrsmbmml snbum jmlosm jnsmr

bmupul cnhka@ 6*> "kfmc bnamcucml kltnrvnlsk mtmu hmbpur tmloml fmamb

semasema fmamb lnonrm lnomrm amkl@ 6> +nloderbmtk dmc tkmptkmp jmlosm

ultuc bnbpnrtmdmlcml fkrk snlfkrk snhmrm snlfkrkml mtmu snhmrm ceanctkg,ymlo snsumk fnloml Pkmomb P==@ 69 m > "kfmc bnlooulmcml pnrmturml

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9/25

pnrmturml fmrk pnrtmdmlml ceanctkg ultuc jnrtklfmc jmok cnpnltkloml

cdusus fmrk smamd smtu fmrk lnomrmlnomrm jnsmr fml 69 j > "kfmc

bnamcucml tncmlml tnrdmfmp lnomrm amkl.@ 61> "kfmc bnamcucml tklfmcml

tklfmcml mtmu mlhmbml mornsk mtmupul pnlooulmml cncnrmsmml tnrdmfmp

kltnorktms tnrrkterkma mtmu cnbnrfncmml peaktkc snsumtu lnomrm@ 62>

+nlynansmkcml snomam pnrsnakskdml kltnrlmskelma fnloml !maml fmbmk,

snpnrtk pnrulfkloml, pnrsntu!uml, mrjktnrmsn mtmu pnlynansmkml ducub

mtmu hmrm fmbmk amklamkl bnlurut pkakdml pkdmcpkdmc ymlo jnrsmlocutml,

ymlo snsumk fnloml pkmomb P==@ 6)> +nbm!ucml cnpnltkloml jnrsmbm

fml cnr!m smbm @ fml 6(/> +nloderbmtk ducub fml cn%m!kjmlcn%m!kjml

kltnrlmskelma,

Celgnrnlsk Mskm Mgrkcm klk bnlhnrbklcml cnkloklml pnbnrkltmd

Klfelnskm ultuc jksm anjkd jnrpnrml fk pmlooulo kltnrlmskelma, tnrutmbm

fk mltmrm jmlosmjmlosm MskmMgrkcm. Celgnrnlsk Mskm Mgrkcm klk

jnrtu!uml bnbjmloul seakfmrktms fml cnr!m smbm fk mltmrm jmlosmjmlosmleljaec. 7mbul fnbkckml, eand pnbnrkltmdml &ksnlde%nr. Celgnrnlsk

Mskm Mgrkcm fkpmlfmlo bnbjmdmymcml cnsnkbjmloml kltnrlmskelma ymlo

snfmlo tnrpeamrmksmsk eand Pnrmlo Fklokl, fml bnloultulocml =aec

Xevknt. Xnhmrm cdusus, -msdklotel cdm%mtkr jmd%m ^lk Xevknt fml 'klm

mcml bnlooulmcml Celgnrnlsk Mskm Mgrkcm ultuc bnlynjmrcml pnlomrud

cebulks fk Fulkm Cntkom. Cntmcutml klk fkfmsmrcml pmfm msubsk jmd%mpmrm pnsnrtm fmrk lnomrmlnomrm cebulks bnbkakck cntrmbpkaml eromlksmsk

ymlo anjkd jmkc fmrkpmfm pmrm pnsnrtmpnsnrtm amkl. Pmrm pn!mjmt fmamb

pnbnrkltmdml &ksnlde%nr snonrm bnlyusul snjumd rnlhmlm ultuc

bnbpnlomrudk pnrskmpml celgnrnlsk. Fkjnltucamd sumtu fn%ml

ceerfklmsk cdusus oulm bnl!mamlcml rnlhmlm tnrsnjut. Hmperml Fn%ml

Ceerfklmsk :pnrmsk tnrtmlooma ( 5mlumrk () bnlul!uccml jmd%m

tu!uml rnlhmlm tnrsnjut mfmamd bnlombmtk pnrskmpml fml pnamcsmlmml

)


10/25

Celgnrnlsk =mlfulo snrtm bnlklocmtcml cn%mspmfmml bmsymrmcmt jaec

=mrmt mcml jmdmym mornsk fml kbpnrkmaksbn Xevknt'klm fk Mskm "kbur.

Hnjkd !mud, rnlhmlm ktu fkbmcsufcml ultuc bnbjumt pmrm pnsnrtm

celgnrnlsk fmrk lnomrmlnomrm cebulks snhmrm pskceaeoks tnrtncml.

Fkrnlhmlmcml mlooetmmlooetm fn%ml ceerfklmsk tnrsnjut mcml jncnr!m

bnamauk smaurmlsmaurml ymlo tnpmt, ymclk pmrm fnanomsk fmrk lnomrm

lnomrm ymlo tnroeaelo bnbkakck dujuloml jmkc fnloml Mbnrkcm Xnrkcmt,

snpnrtk kakpklm, "dmkamlf, Pmckstml fml "urck. Hn%mt lnomrmlnomrm klk

pnbnrkltmdml &ksnlde%nr jnrdmrmp mcml fmpmt bnbelkter fklmbkcm

celgnrnlsk fml bnbpnlomrudk !mamllym celgnrnlsk sndkloom mcml

bnl!mfk sn!maml fnloml jnrjmomk cnjk!mcml fml cnpnltkloml Mbnrkcm

Xnrkcmt.

Fnloml bnl!mamlcml rnlhmlm snbmhmb ktu pmrm pn!mjmt

pnbnrkltmdml &ksnlde%nr ymckl jmd%m bnrncm mcml fmpmt bnlhkptmcml

sumtu celfksk ymlo lmltklym mcml bnlferelo jmlymc lnomrm MskmMgrkcmultuc ultuc bnbpnrtmlymcml betkvmsk fk jmakc rnterkcm mltkceaelkmaksbn

=aec Cebulks. Xklocmtlym, pnbnrkltmd &ksnlde%nr jnrdmrmp mcml fmpmt

bnbmlgmmtcml amlocmdamlocmd ymlo tnamd fktnbpud eand =aec Cebulks

fml bnbjmakclym ultuc bnlynrmlo bnrncm. Hnjkd !mud bnrncm jnrdmrmp

jmd%m rnlhmlm ktu mcml smlooup bnlodmamlok upmymupmym =aec

Cebulks ultuc bnbmlgmmtcml Celgnrnlsk Mskm Mgrkcm ultuc bnlonhmbMbnrkcm Xnrkcmt Xncmakous bnrncm jnrdmrmp mcml bnbmlggmtcml upmym

upmym ktu ultuc cnpnltkloml Mbnrkcm Xnrkcmt fml sncutusncutulym.

=nrteamc fmrk pnrtkbjmlomlpnrtkbjmloml fk mtms, pmrm pn!mjmt 'KM

snbpmt bnlousuacml snjumd rnlhmlm tnrsnlfkrk, ymclk upmym pnbjuludml

mtms snermlo teced pnltklo fnloml bmcsuf ultuc bnloomomacml

Celgnrnlsk Mskm Mgrkcm.


11/25

!mlocm %mctu ymlo ambm tnrcujur snjmomk sumtu rmdmskm. =mru pmfm tmdul

()1, cntkcm Cebksk 'durhd 3 snjumd cebksk Xnlmt Mbnrkcm Xnrkcmt ymlo

fkcntumk Xnlmter rmlc 'durhd ultuc bnloklvnstkomsk epnrmskepnrmsk

rmdmskm 'KM 3 bnlnrkbm cnsmcskml bnlymlocut jnrjmomk cnokmtml rmdmskm

'KM fk cm%msml Mskm "kbur rmdmskm ktu buamk tnrcumc. +nlurut cnsmcskml

pmrm monl 'KM tnamd jnrnlhmlm ultuc bnbjulud snermlo pnbkbpkl Mskm

"kbur oulm bnloomomacml snjumd celgnrnlsk fk =mlfulo, ymlo bnrncm

snjut Celgnrnlsk Cebulks. Xnaml!utlym, Cebksk 'durhd bnlnbucml

jmd%m rnlhmlm ultuc bnlodkamlocml snermlo pnbkbpkl Mskm "kbur klk

bnakjmtcml rnlhmlm 'KM bnbjulud Prnskfnl Xencmrle.


12/25

bnbpnrtmdmlcml fkrk #jmkc snlfkrksnlfkrk bmupul snhmrm ceanctkg$

sn!mud klkskmtkg tnrsnjut snsumk fnloml Pkmomb P==.

7mbul fnbkckml, rmsm pums -msdklotel mtms dmska Celgnrnlsk Mskm

Mgrkcm fml fmbpmclym jmok sktumsk fk Klfelnskm tkfmc jnramlosulo ambm.

Pmfm tmlooma ?) Xnptnbjnr (), pnbnrkltmd Klfelnskm

bnlynanloomrmcml pnbkakdml ubub. "kom pmrtmk ymlo bnrmup sumrm

tnrjmlymc mfmamd Pmrtmk 7mskelma Klfelnskm 6??.0 pnrsnl sumrm>, +msyubk

6?/,) pnrsnl>, 7mdfamtua ^ambm 6(2,* pnrsnl> Gmlo bnbjumt

pnbnrkltmdml &ksnlde%nr smlomt cnhn%m mfmamd bulhualym Pmrtmk

Cebulks Klfelnskm snjmomk pnbnreand sumrm tnrjmlymc cnnbpmt, fnloml

sumrm (9,* pnrsnl sumrm. Pmrtmkpmrtmk ymlo amkl dmlym bnbpnreand sumrm

curmlo fmrk tkom pnrsnl.

-msdklotel tnrcn!ut jmd%m PCK bnbkakck fuculoml rmcymt ymlo

jnoktu jnsmr, bnloklomt jmd%m bnrncm tnamd fktncml eand pnbnrkltmdpmfm tmdul ()*2 bnlyusua pnbjnreltmcml +mfkul ymlo omoma.

-msdklotel !uom bnrmsm cdm%mtkr snjmj pmrtmk +msyubk, ymlo sufmd

bnrncm jmltu fnloml subjmloml cmbpmlyn snlkamk smtu !utm feamr, omoma

bnbnlmlocml sumrm tnrjmlymc.

Cdm%mtkr mcml snbmckl cumtlym pesksk PCK fmamb peaktkc lmskelmaKlfelnskm, -msdklotel bnrnlhmlmcml amlocmdamlocmd jmamsml. +nrncm

bnlomcuk suaktlym bnlodmfmlo pnrcnbjmloml pmrtmk cebulks ktu nltmd

snhmrm amlosulo mtmu an%mt cnaebpec bkaktnr. +nrncm jnrpkckr, amloacmd

ymlo anjkd bmsuc mcma ymlo mcml bnrncm mbjka sncmrmlo mfmamd #

bnlynambmtcml Xencmrle fmrk pnlomrud anjkd !mud cnaebpec cebulks

fnloml hmrm bnbjmloul dujuloml prkjmfk fnlomllym. +nsckpul bnrmsm

ousmr fnloml pnleamcml Xencmrle ultuc jnromjulo fnloml pkdmc

(?


13/25

Mbnrkcm Xnrkcmt fmamb pnrsntnruml Pnrmlo Fklokl. Mbnrkcm Xnrkcmt

bnbutuscml ultuc bnlfncmtklym snhmrm prkjmfk oulm bnbpnlomrudklym

snjnaub fkm tnramau !mud bnlfncmt cn cuju Cebulks. +uamk mcdkr tmdul

() pnbnrkltmdml &ksnlde%nr snhmrm snrkus bnlfkscuskcml hmrmhmrm

ymlo fkrmsm pms ultuc bnbpnlomrudk Xencmrle.

Pmfm tmlooma (? +mrnt ()9, +nltnrk Humr 7nonrk M.X.

bnloul!ulok Prnskfnl Xencmrle fk 5mcmrtm. Fmamb pnbjkhmrmml Fuaans

bnbpnrklomtcml Xencmrle mcml usmdm tnrusbnlnrus pkdmc ^lk Xevknt

ultuc bnbmcsmcml skstnb ymlo bnrncm ymcklk cn snaurud fulkm. Xnbjmrk

bnloklomtcml M.X. tnamd bnlfuculo Klfelnskm sn!mc mcdkr Pnrmlo Fulkm

Cnfum, +nlau Fuaans !uom bnbpnrklomtcml Xencmrle ymlo snjnaublym

tnamd bnlomlocmt bmsmamd Krkml =mrmt 3 mcml cnaebpec cebulks ymlo

bnlooulmcml snomam hmrm ultuc bnbpnrtm!mb celgakc kltnrlmskelma fnbk

cnpnltkloml bnrncm snlfkrk. Xnjmomk tmloompml, Xencmrle

bnloulocmpcml rmsm tnrkbm cmskdlym mtms jmltuml Mbnrkcm snambmpnr!umloml cnbnrfncmml Klfelnskm, tntmpk amltms bnlomtmcml

+msmamd jmlosmjmlosm Mskm jucmlamd bmsmamd pre mtmu mltkCebulks,

bnamklcml jmd%m snaurud pmlooulo Mskm 6snfmlo> bnlul!uccml # snbmlomt

lmskelmaksbn$... Xntkmp skcmp ymlo fkmbjka eand sumtu lnomrm fkucur eand

rmcymt Mskm fmamb cmktmllym fnloml hktmhktm lmskelma 6bnrncm>J..Xmmt

klk sumrm Mbnrkcm, smbm tkfmc !namslym fnloml curul %mctu mltmrm ()*

fml Fnsnbjnr ()*) 6 Cntkcm Klfelnskm snfmlo jnr!umlo bnbpnrtmdmlcml

cnbnrfncmmllym> . =nrcmktml fnloml pnrsemaml lmskelmaksbn Mskm smmt klk,

sumtu Cebulks 6 anjkd !nams >

+nsckpul bnlfmpmtcml !m%mjml ymlo smlomt tkfmc fkdmrmpcml

+nltnrk Humr 7nonrk Fuaans tkfmc ousmr. Km tntmp bnlymbpmkcml jmd%m

Prnskfnl &ksnlde%nr bnloulfmlo Xencmrle cn Mbnrkcm Xnrkcmt oulm

(0


14/25

bnloul!ulok -msdklotel fml cetmcetm amkl fk smlm. Prnskfnl Xencmrle

bnlmloompk ulfmloml ktu fnloml smlomt mltuskms.

Cntkcm jnlmrjnlmr tkjm fk -msdklotel fnloml pnsm%mt prkjmfk

Prnskfnl &ksnlde%nr, Vdn Heaubjkln, Prnskfnl Xencmrle bnlfmpmt

smbjutml dmlomt fmrk %mrom kjucetm Mbnrkcm Xnrkcmt. ktu. Fkm !uom

bnlfmpmtcml smbjutml bnrkmd fk jnrjmomk tnbpmt amkl fk Mbnrkcm

Xnrkcmt ymlo fkcul!uloklym. 7mbul fnbkckml, ymlo pmaklo bnlonsmlcml

fmrk cul!ulomllym klk mfmamd smbjutmllym fk skfmlo Celorns M.X. pmfm

(1 +nk ()9 fk -msdklotel. Fmamb pkfmte ymlo jnramlosulo snambm *

bnlkt 3 fksmbpmkcml fmamb mpm ymlo eand Vdn Lnw [erc Vkbnsfksnjut #

jmdmsm Kloorks ymlo !nrlkd fml pnlud snbmlomt # 3 Prnskfnl Xencmrle

bnlmbpkacml fkrk snjmomk snermlo ermter uaulo ymlo sn!mtk. +nlomktcml

pnrcnbjmloml peaktkc fk Mskm fml Mgrkcm smmt ktu fnloml


15/25

Prnskfnl Xencmrle !uom bnymcklcml Mbnrkcm Xnrkcmt. jmd%m

Klfelnskm bnlhejm bnlnrmpcml fnbecrmsk, snjmomkbmlm fktul!uccml

fmamb Pnbkau tmdul (). Fkm bnbkltm fuculoml Mbnrkcm Xnrkcmt. jmok

pnr!umloml Klfelnskm ultuc bnlfmpmtcml cnbjmak Krkml =mrmt fmrk tmloml

cncumsmml =namlfm. +nlyktkr cmtmcmtm Prnskfnl Mjrmdmb Hklheal jmd%m

sumtu jmlosm tkfmc fmpmt dkfup snpmrebnrfncm fml snpmretnr!m!md,

Xencmrle bnlomtmcml jmd%m jmlosm Klfelnskm tkfmc mcml snpnludlym

bnrfncm snambm Krkml =mrmt bmskd jnrmfm fk jm%md celtrea snjumd

cncumsmml msklo.$ Fmamb snomam dma, fml cmrnm mfmlym kcmtml pnlomambml

ceaelkma ymlo smbm,$ cmtm Xencmrle,$ Krkml =mrmt fmrk fuau smbpmk

sncmrmlo bnrupmcml jmokml ymlo tmc tnrpksmdcml fmrk Klfelnskm.$

+nsckpul pkfmtelym jnrcejmr fml smbjutml tnrdmfmplym aumr

jkmsm, tmbpmclym Prnskfnl Xencmrle snlfkrk tkfmc tnramau pums fnloml

cul!ulomllym cn Mbnrkcm cmak klk. Prnskfnl Xencmrle jnrusmdmbnl!namscml cnpmfm +nltnrk Humr 7nonrk Fuaans jmd%m Klfelnrskm tkfmc

bnbpulymk cnkkloklml ultuc kcut ^lk Xevknt mtmu Mbnrkcm Xnrkcmt.

Klfelnskm tkfmc bnbpulymk cnkloklml bnl!mfk smatnakt fmrk jaec bmlm

pul. "ntmpk, skcmp tkfmc klokl bnbkdmc fksmamdbnlonrtk eand Mbnrkcm

Xnrkcmt, Mbnrkcm Xnrkcmt bnlyucmk Klfelnskm dmlym jkam Klfelnskm jnrmfm

fk pkdmc ymlo fktnltucmllym. 5m%mjml Fuaans mfmamd $ Peaktkc Mbnrkcmjnrskgmt oaejma, Mlfm bnstk bnbkdmc ymlo smtu mtmu bnbkdmc amkl. Xkcmp

lntrma ktu kbberma.$

Prnskfnl Xencmrle jnrusmdm bnl!namscml pskceaeok seskma pmshm

pnrmlo jmlosmjmlosm Mskm cnpmfm Prnskfnl &ksnlde%nr,$ Xkcmp

pnbnrkltmd Mlfm sncmrmlo klk snpnrtk skcmp ermlo ymlo tkfmc bmbpu

bnlynambk pkckrml rmcymt Mskm, Mskm snfmlo jnrmfm fmamb nupderkm

(


16/25

cnbnrfncmml. Xnaurud jnlum ktu snfmlo fkakputk sucmhktm cnbnrfncmmml,N

cmtm Xencmrle. 7mbul cnsml Xencmrle, &ksnlde%nr anjkd tnrtmrkc

jnrjkhmrm tnltmlo gkab fmrkpmfm peaktkc aumr lnonrk Mbnrkcm Xnrkcmt.

Xencmrle bnlfuom, jmlymc fk cmamloml fk Mbnrkcm Xnrkcmt bnrmsm

ousmr cntkcm bnlontmduk jmd%m snpuamlolym fmrk cul!uloml cn Mbnrkcm

fkm bnamcucml cul!uloml cn ^lk Xevknt fml


17/25

Cnjmlymcml pnbnrkltmdpnbnrkltmd fk Mskm fml Mgrkcm bnbkakck

pnrmsmml cmoub tnrdmfmp prnskfnl Klfelnskm tnrsnjut. +nrncm onbjkrm

fml bnbjnrkcml fuculoml mtms cnhmbmllym tnrdmfmp kbpnrkmaksbn.

^ltuc pnrkefn ymlo dmlym anjkd fmrk nlmb tmdul, hktmhktm jk!mcsmlmml

aumr lnonrk Klfelnskm fkurmkcml snhmrm tnrpnrklhk fnloml okmt fml pnlud

snbmlomt. Xencmrle jnrjkhmrm sneamdeamd dma ktu bnrupmcml tuoms

sn!mrmd ultuc bnbpnlomrudk pnrdktuloml peaktkc ultuc bnlfmpmtcml

omltk ruok mckjmtmckjmt juruc ymlo fktkbjuacml eand kbpnrkmaksbn.

Cnhmbmllym tnrdmfmp kbpnrkmaksbn pmfm ubublym bnrupmcml

pnlonbjmloml pmlfmloml ymlo tnamd fkm cnbucmcml snjnaub Pnrmlo

Pmskgkc jnramlosulo fnloml bnlombjka snjmokml fmrk pmlfmloml +mrO

fml Hnlkl. Pmlfmloml ymlo celskstnl snpnrtk klk tnamd fkpnrtmdmlcml eand

pnlomambml jnr!umlo bnam%ml =namlfm, pmfm pnrkefn ktuamd skcmp

bnlfum =mrmt dmbpkr bnlomckjmtcml rnpujakc bmtk tnrhnckc sn!mc

cnamdkrmllym.

Xnjmomk tu!uml cnjk!mcsmlmml aumr lnonrk snhmrm ubub, Xencmrle

bnamlhmrcml sumtu tmltmloml tnrdmfmp pnloomltk ceaelkma =namlfm ymlo

fkauckscml snjmomk cncumtml 7nceakb 6lneceaelkmaksbn, ceaelkmaksbn fml

kbpnrkmaksbn>. 7nceakb bnrupmcml vnrsk tmdul ()9/ml ultuc mltk

kbpnrkmaksbn pmfm tmdul ()?/ml, ymlo fkrmlhmlo ultuc

bnlynsumkcmllym fnloml sktumsk fmamb bmlm pnbnrkltmdml ceaelkmaamlosulo tnamd fkuskr fml kbpnrkmaksbn fmamb jnltuc febklmsk mtmu

fmnrmd pnlomrud =mrmt bmskd jnramlosulo. Fmamb bnlonbucmcml

tmltmloml klk, Xencmrle bnbpnrakdmtcml jmd%m fkm anjkd hnpmt smtu

fncmfn fmrkpmfm bmssmlym. 5mud snjnaub cnmrkgml celvnlskelma "mtm

&celebk Kltnrlmskelma =mru fkrubuscml pmfm tmdul ()1* eand +m!naks

^bub P==, fkm tnamd bnbuamk bnbpnrsemacml structur skstnb

kltnrlmskelma. ;krus %m%msml kltnrlmskelma Xencmrle klk pnrtmbm cmak

(1


18/25

fktuamrcml fmamb sumtu pkfmte ymlo fksmbpmkcml pmfm pnrtnbuml rnouanr

+m!naks ^bub P== pmfm tmdul ()9/ ymlo fktmlfmk eand cndmfkrml

sn!ubamd cnpmam pnbnrkltmdml ymlo tmc pnrlmd tnr!mfk snjnaublym.

Xencmrle jnrusmdm bnlomakdcml cnsnkbjmloml pnrdmtkml ubub fmrk

mlhmbml tnrdmfmp pnrfmbmkml fulkm ymlo fktkbjuacml eand mltmoelksbn

ymlo jnrmcmr fk mltmrm lnomrmlnomrm jnsmr cn mrmd fuomml subjnr

cntnomloml kltnrlmskelma ymlo anjkd bnlomcmr. Fkm jnrpnlfmpmt jmd%m

Kbpnrkmaksbn fml ceaelkmaksbn fml jnraml!utlym cncumtml ymlo bnbnhmd

jmlosmjmlosm 3 Xmym tncmlcml cmtmcmtm ktu 3 mfmamd mcmr dmbpkr snbum

cn!mdmtml kltnrlmskelma fml mlhmbml cktm klk. Xnambm cn!mdmtmlcn!mdmtml

ymlo fkjnlhk pmfm bmsm amau ktu jnaub jnrmcdkr, tmc mcml mfm cntnlmloml fml

pnrfmbmkml fk snaurud ulkm.

Fmamb pkfmte klk, Xencmrle bnlnomscml jmd%m teanrmlsk Klfelnskm

mtms Krkml =mrmt dmbpkr dmjks jmtmslym fml jmd%m cnomomaml P==

fkauckscml snjmomk prefuc skstnb =mrmt, ymlo tnamd bnamdkrcmlkbpnrkmaksbn. ^ltuc bnlynbjudcmllym, fkm bnloml!urcml pnlhmltubml

Pmlhmskam fmamb Pkmomb P== fml jmd%m bmrcms jnsmr P== dnlfmclym

fkpklfmdcml fmrk 7n% Gerc cn sumtu tnbpmt fk Mskm mtmu Mgrkcm mtmu fk

nln%m. Pkfmte klk bnlmlfmk sumtu tm%mrml ultuc bnbkbpkl mpm ymlo

fksnjutlym # jmlosmjmlosm ymlo jmru jmlockt $ ymlo fkm auckscml

snjmomk bnanpmscml fkrk fmrk bmsm amau fml # +nbjmloul Fulkm =mru$ymlo bnrupmcml !ufua pkfmtelym.

^rmkml ymlo anjkd tnrpnrklhk bnlonlmk %m%msml kltnrlmskelma

Xencmrle fksmbpmkcml pmfm celpnrnlsk pnrtmbm lnomrmlnomrm lel jaec

ymlo fksnanloomrmcml fk =neormf, Guoesamvkm, pmfm juaml Xnptnbjnr

()9(. Fmamb pkfmte ymlo jnr!ufua # Fmrk 7el =aec cn Pnloomamloml

Cncumtml +erma "nrdmfmp Pnrsmdmjmtml, Pnrfmbmkml, fml Cnmfkaml

(2


19/25

Xeskma Mltmr =mlosm=mlosm #, fkm bnlourmkcml crktkc ymlo tm!mb

tnrdmfmp structur skstnb kltnrlmskelma. Fk smbpklo ktu, fkm bmamd

bnlmltmlo fectrkl ertefecs onrmcml leljaec ktu snlfkrk, ymlo snambm klk

anjkd fkcnlma snjmomk pmlfmloml 5m%mdmrdma 7ndru ymlo fkfuculo eand

7mssnr fml "kte. +nrncm klk bnbmlfmlo leljaec snjmomk !m%mjml ymlo

tnpmt tnrdmfmp pnrsmkloml pnrmlo fklokl mltmrm Mbnrkcm Xnrkcmt fml ^lk

Xevknt. Pnrsmkloml klk fkpmlfmlo snjmomk mlhmbml utmbm tnrdmfmp

pnrfmbmkml fulkm, bnloklomt mckjmtmckjmt ymlo fktkbjuacml eand

pnraebjmml lucakr. Xencmrle bnlnbpmtcml fkrklym jnrtnltmloml fnloml

pnlmgskrml pmteaeok skstnb kltnrlmskelma. Fkm bnl!namscml@

Pnrfmbmkml fulkm ymlo mfm fn%msm klk bnbjumt cktm pnrhmym jmd%m

subjnr cntnomloml fml pnrsnakskdml kltnrlmskelma ymlo snsulooudlym

kmamd celgakc kfneaeok mltmrm lnomrmlnomrm mfkcumsm. Xmym ckrm dma ktu

tkfmc jnlmr. Mfm celgakc ymlo bnlnbjus anjkd fmamb rmom bmluskm

ymktu celgakc mltmrm cncumtml ymlo jmru jmlockt jmok cnbnrfncmml

fml cnmfkaml fml cncumtml febklml ymlo ambm , ymlo smtu bnlferelocml

cnpmamlym tmlpm jnams cmskdml bnamauk ampksml jubk ymlo tnamd bnbjnrklym

fmrmd cndkfupml , snfmlocml ymlo jnr!umlo tmlpm anamd ultuc

bnbpnrtmdmlcml snbum ymlo km fmpmt hejm ultuc bnlmdml !mamllym sn!mrmd

Pmlfmloml celvnlskelma leljaec snambm klk bnlfmsmrcml fkrk

pmfm msubsk jmd%m lnomrmlnomrm pmshmceaelkma, ymlo jnrtklfmc snjmomk

cncumtml cntkom, tmc dmlym mcml bnlodklfmrk akaktml ourktm pnrmlo fklokl

tntmpk !uom mcml jnrpnrml snjmomk smrmlm jmok celskakmsk fml bnfkmsk ymlo

bmbpu bnrnfmcml cntnomloml kltnrlmskelma. Fmamb pkckrml Xencmrle,

tmc tnrsnfkm rumlo jmok cncumtml cntkom snpnrtk ktu cmrnlm skstnb

kltnrlmskelma fmamb pnlmgskrmllym bnrupmcml structur fum pkdmc ymlo

bnloombjmrcml sumtu celgakc nlfnbkc mltmrm cnmfkaml fml cntkfmcmfkaml

tmlpm mfmlym cnbulocklml ultuc dkfup jnrfmbpkloml. -mamupul

()


20/25

pnrlymtmml klk tmc bnlhnomdlym ultuc jnrpnrml snrtm fmamb usmdmusmdm

leljaec celvnlskelma ultuc bnbkltm Mbnrkcm Xnrkcmt fml ^lk Xevknt

momr bnlodnltkcml pnlkbjulml snl!mtm fml preormbpreormb pnrhejmml

bnrncm, lmbul fkm tntmp bnbpnrtmdmlcml pmlfmlomllym. +mamdml

pmlfmlomllym ktu fkcnbucmcml fmamb jnltuc ymlo snbmckl lymrklo

cntkcm cnjk!mcsmlmml aumr lnonrk Klfelnskm snbmckl bkaktml. Xnjmomk

helted, pmfm tmlooma (1 Moustus ()90 fmamb pkfmte tmdulmllym

bnbpnrklomtk dmrk Precambmsk Cnbnrfncmml. Xencmrle bnloombjmrcml

fulkm klk snjmomk tnrjmok mltmrm cncumtmlcnaumtml jmru ymlo snfmlo

jmlockt 7n% &bnroklo erhns 67&:X> fml cncumtmlcncumtml ambm

ymlo tnamd bmpml :af &stmjaksdnf erhns 6:HF&:X>. Gmlo pnrtmbm

fkauckscml tnrfkrk mtms # jmlosm Mskm, Mgrkcm fml Mbnrkcm Hmtkl, lnomrm

lnomrm seskmaks, fml cnaebpeccnaebpec preornskg fk lnomrmlnomrm

cmpktmaks.$

Fmamb bnlonfnpmlcml sumtu pmlfmloml rnvkskelks bnlonlmkbmsymrmcmt kltnrlmskelma, Xencmrle bnauckscml Klfelnskm snjmomk

mlooetm cnaebpec cncumtml preornskg fklmbks ymlo bkaktml ymlo fktuomsk

eand sn!mrmd ultuc bnam%ml fml bnlomhmucml cncumtml pnlklfmsml fml

ncspaektmsk ymlo rnmcskelnr. Hnjkd !mud fmrk ktu, mcdkrlym fkm bnlultut

pnrmlml pnltklo fmamb celstmamsk kltnrlmskelma fml jnrusmdm bnlyecelo

tultutml klk bnamauk cul!uloml cnlnomrmml fml jnrjmomk pnrsktk%mkltnrlmskelma amkllym. Fnloml cnumloml fmrk 'klm, fkm bnlkcbmtk sucsns

cnhka pmfm %mctulym fmamb bnbjnrkcml jnltuc cnanbjmomml jmok

7&:X cntkcm 5mcmrtm bnl!mfk tuml rubmd pnlynanloomrmml

pnrtmlfkloml :amdrmom 7nomrm7nomrm =mru ymlo Xnfmlo =mlockt mtmu

mbns eg 7n% &bnroklo erhns 6M7&:>. Xucsns tnrdmbjmt cntkcm

fkm jnrusmdm bnlynanloomrmcml Celgnrnlsk MskmMgrkcm ymlo cnfum

snjmomk pnlfmduauml jmok pnlynanloomrmml celpnrnlsk pnrtmbm 7&:X

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21/25

fk 5mcmrtm. Xnamkl rnterkcm fml skgmt rebmltkc pnrklomtml fml pnlynjmrml

skbjeaskbjea ymlo bnbmklcml gulosk peaktkc febnstkc pnltklo,

pmlfmlomlpmlfmloml rnvkskelkstkc bnlonlmk skstnb kltnrlmskelma,

snjmomkbmlm fkmrtkcuamskcml eand Xencmrle bnbpulymk cmktml amlosulo

fnloml pnamcsmmml peaktkc aumr lnonrk Klfelnskm. "nerklym bnlonlmk

dujuloml kltnrlmskelma mfmamd tultutml berma ymlo fklymtmcml fmamb

jnltuc pnbnrmtmml cnmfkaml ymlo snambm klk tmc fkjnrkcml cnpmfm

rnpujakc.

Fk smbpklo ktu fkm jnrusmdm bnlnbpmtcml tu!uml lmskelma ymlo

jnaub tnr%u!uf bnlonlmk Krkml =mrmt fml cnbufkml bnlonlmk +mamyskm

fk fmamb celtncs berma sndkloom fuculoml fkpaebmtkc mcml bulhua fmrk

lnomrmlnomrm preornskg fml tnrtklfms amkllym. "mbjmdml amok, lnomrm

lnomrm mfkcumsm, tnrutmbm Mbnrkcm Xnrkcmt ymlo bnbpulymk pnlomrud

mtms busudbusud Klfelnskm, bulockl fmpmt fkpnlomrudk ultuc jnrtklfmc

fnbk cnultuloml peaktkc 5mcmrtm cmrnlm pnrsmkloml sn!momf kltnrlmskelma.

Xnambm bmsm Fnbecrmsk "nrpkbpkl, cnjk!mcsmml aumr lnonrk

Klfelnskm jnromulo cnrms fml tnomr ymlo bnlhnrbklcml tnbprmbnl

Xencmrle fml skgmt dklomr jklomr peaktkc fmamb lnonrk. -mamupul

fnbkckml tnrfmpmt sumtu omrks cnsklmbjuloml fmamb pnamcsmlmml

mctumalym ymlo jnrbuam fmrk pnlomambml bnlhmpmk cnbnrfncmml.Fksnjmjcml pnlomambml pnrtubjudml ymlo bnakjmtcml fuculoml lnomrm

jnsmr ymlo jnrmcdkr fnloml sucsns peaktkc, sndkloom tkbjuaamd

cnhnlfnruloml ultuc bnlnrmpcml gerbuam klk mtms lmbm rnpujakc

bnrfncm.

Xencmrle bnbmlfmlo Klfelnskm jucml dmlym snjmomk lnomrm

pnltklo fk Mskm "nloomrm, tntmpk !uom snjmomk pnbkbpkl fk mltmrm lnomrm

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22/25

lnomrm Mskm fml Mgrkcm. "kfmc bnlodnrmlcml, bnamauk fereloml

lmskelmaks Mak Xmstrembkf!e!e, fnloml fuculoml pnlud fmrk Xencmrle.

Celgnrnlsk Mskm Mgrkcm K fkamcsmlmcml fk =mlfulo 6()>. Xnambm

pnrkefn Fnbecrmsk "nrpkbpkl 6())()9>, Xencmrle jmdcml

bnbpnrcnlmacml celsnp 7nges 7n% &bnroklo erhns fml :af

&stmjaksdnf erhns, fmamb dma klk Klfelnskm mfmamd pnbkbpkl 7nges.

Fmpmt fkbnlonrtk, sntnamd Klfelnskm bnloulfurcml fkrk fmrk Pnrsnrkcmtml

=mlosm=mlosm pmfm tmdul ()9, Klfelnskm fkjm%md Xencmrle, jncnr!m

smbm fnloml , ymlo jnrbmrcms jnsmr fk 5mcmrtm. Klk

fkdmrmpcml bnl!mfk Pnrsnrkcmtml =mlosm=mlosm jmok lnomrmlnomrm

jnrcnbjmlo. Xumtu cmak, Xencmrle !uom bnl!uauck Klfelnskm snjmomk

#+nrhu Xumr# fmrk Fulkm Cntkom. Fnloml cmtm amkl, Klfelnskm

bnbmlfmlo fkrklym fktmcfkrcml snjmomk pnbkbpkl Fulkm Cntkom.

7mbul sntnamd !mtudlym Xencmrle, pmrm pnbkbpkl Klfelnskm ymlojmru, pmfm m%malym tkfmc tnramau bnbpnrdmtkcml bmsmamdbmsmamd

kltnrlmskelma. Pnrdmtkml fkjnrkcml pmfm pnbjmloulml fmamb lnonrk, tntmpk

cnbufkml cnokmtmlcnokmtml ymlo bnlul!uccml jmd%m cnkloklml

Klfelnskm ultuc bnbkbpkl grelt kltnrlmskelma tkfmc pnrlmd pufmr. ^smdm

Klfelnskm bnlfkrkcml MX&M7, klkskmtkg ymlo fkmbjka fmamb bnlspelserk

Pnrtnbuml Klgerbma 5mcmrtm fmamb sema ksu Cmbje!m, cnkloklml ultucbnl!mfk cntum Celgnrnlsk nrmcml 7el=aec, cnputusml ultuc bnl!mfk

tuml rubmd pnrklomtml cn0/ Celprnlsk MsumMgrkcm, mfmamd klfkcmter

klfkcmter fmrk pnrsnpsk Klfelnskm mtms pnrmllym fmamb bmsmamdbmsmamd

fulkm. Fnloml cmtm amkl, Klfelnskm fk jm%md Xendmrte !uom jnrcnkloklml

ultuc bnbkbpkl.

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23/25

I> +mcmamd klk fkprnsnltmskcml fmamb mhmrm fkscusk # Fnloml

Xnbmlomt Mskm Mgrkcm, Cktm Pnrceced Xeakfmrktms Kltnrlmskelma,$ ymlo

fksnanloomrmcml fk ^P" Pnrpusmtmcmml Precambmter =ulo Cmrle, pmfm

tmlooma * +nk ?/(.

?0


24/25

Jkjakeormgk

Mjfuaomlk, .$reg. 'r *ulmrke

?*


25/25

+nampml $uaud Vmdul / Moustus !0 = / Moustus !/:

+mamb Lmgms $nr,umloml. 5mcmrtm # +M

konferensi asia afrika 1955

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