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28.10.71
Sri Ch. Markandcqa Sastrq
Inspector of Orie-ntal Schools, Andhra State, Vijayawada.
(At Present Deputy Director for Oriental studies,
Andhra State)
I visited the Ninikta Bharati, Vijayawada, to-day
and am highly pleased with the diversified work that:
is being conducted here The more important work.
that is being conducted by the institution is research in,
Vedic interpretation. I had a good opportunity to go
through the papers prepared so far and am highly delighted,,,
by the standard of performance contained there in. Thework is a useful and detailed suppliment to Yaska's Nirukta
and it is not an exaggeration to say that it even excels the-
latter. I wish every success to the complete and speedytermination of this work and hope that it will be of good
help to oriental scholars. The effort of Han Brothers and
their elder Sri Challa Satyanarayana Sastry garu, is
commendable for their enthusiasm in putting forth this-
diversified work in promotion of Sanskrit and its culture.
Vijayawada 1
26 101956J (Sd) Ch.. Markandeya Sastri
Dr. Veluri Sybbo RaoM. A.. Ph, D.
9 B. O. L. f B. Ed.
Professor of Sanskrit, Andhra University,; '\
;: '
,;'
W A L T A I R (Andhra Pradesh.),
The theory that Veda, the Holy writ of the Hindus,"was without a beginning in time and was intrinsically valid,lias been assailed in some measure or other from time totime by 'the Buddhist, the Jain .and other heretics. Eventhe Logician etc. of somewhat orthodox leanings, whileadmitting its validity *n their own way, attacked its intrinsic
validity and established the extrinsic nature of its validity.We have ample evidence of the controversies that ragedover centuries on Pramanya Vada between the votaries ofthe two schools of thought. What the outcome of thesearguments and counter arguments Is, is a matter we hadbetter leave to the individual scholar who can boldly and.leisurely enter Into the subtleties of Epistemology and Logic.
During the recent one or two centuries, it so happenedthat European scholars have begun to evince great interestin the recondite branch of the vedic Lore of the Hindus andattempted in course of time, not only translations' of thevedic Texts but also a criticism of these texts. Broadlyspeaking these scholars appear to be of the opinion that thevedas are the works written by sages or seers (as they alsocaBed them) and belonged to one period of time or' theother.
Some modern Indian Scholars, however, disputed thepoint aad suggested a more remote date in the past. AH
: 85
the evidences cited in respect of the date of the origin of
the vedas were based on': Linguistic
'
studies etc.'
mostlyinternal. 'Not much' credence, was given to Parana and
Itihasa literature which roust really have handed down to us
the traditional interpretation of the veda. The exegetist
(Mimamsaka) since hoary times has tried to interpret' Vedic
Texts but this, too, did not weigh much with these scholars
on important points. Great differences of opinion raised
their heads in exegetical expositions between the traditional.
and the occidental scholars. Nevertheless as the Universi-
ties and higher institutes of learning \vere manned by
scholars occidental!}' trained and paid by the Government
(as they were mostly trained to study texts in English), the-
theories propouned by the western scholars gradually beganto gain ground and the other traditional theories were-
relegated to the background-the only votaries of these being
the orthodox scholars teaching a student or two in their ownhouses. It is thus that the traditional interpretation of
Vedic Texts sank into oblivion. These Vedic scholars too,,
poor and unaided that they were, never came into open,
controversy with the moderns ; nor did they write books.
vindicating the traditional exposition. Even if some were
written, they were few aod far between and very often left
in manuscripts for want of necessary funds.
At or about the period when a nationalist spirit took
possession of India, however, some Indian scholars tried
to enter more studiously into the intricacies of these ques-
tions on the age of Veda, its origin, content and interpreta-
tion with the help of commentaries aided by a study of
Mimamsa and tradition. But no persistent efforts appear
to have been made in this connection in spite of the innate
Hindu Conviction to the effect,
86
The present work is one such and probably the one ofits kind taking into consideration the number of questionsraised, western opinions quoted and criticised basing its
views on expert Indian traditional exposition of a host ofcommentators,
In the present work, the authors have tried to show,as nhink, the futility of pure reason and the arrogaace ofRationalism in expounding subjects of a transcendental.nature.
The Hari brothers have boldly undertaken this gigantictask of
^vindicating the ancient vedic etymologies and
expositions with a conviction and they richly deserve the'honour and glory of being the authors of such a work asthis. The work speaks volumes of the labour these scholarshave put forth over decades of study of ancient texts andcommentaries. I wish them well and appeal to modernscholars of veda to study and understand their arguments-sympathetically.
2-ltfllT Ik
-11-7*1. J (Sd.) V. Sabba Rao.\Valtair,13
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I. I. S. Radheirishaaa, fadiaa Piiiiosopiiy, Vol. I.
2, A. A, Macdoneli History of Sanskrit Literature.
3. Maxmuller History of Vcdic Literature.
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A Critical Study
-of RIgveda -Dr. Dev Prakash Paiafija! Sastry, PP. 28 to .30).
S3
*Let it not be supposed that, because are
several translations of the Rigveda ia English,
French and GermaB> therefore all that the Veda
can teach as Mas been learned. Far from It.
Every one of these translations has been pat for-
ward as tentative only. I, myself, though dbring
ike last thirty jears I have giveB translations of a
somber of the more important hymns, have only
ventured to publish a; specimen what I thiak a
translation of the eda ought to be; and that
translation of twelve hymns only, fills a
whole volume. We are still on the mete surface
of the Vedic Literature/'
MaxmullerWliat ladia can teach us. pp. 13L
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"The investigation of the Brahmanas has shown that,
being mainly concerned with speculation on the nature of
sacrifice, they were already far removed from the spirit ofthe composers of the Vedic hymns, and contain very little
capable of throwing light on the original sense of those
hymns. They only give occasional explanations of the senseof the Mantras and these explanations are often very fanci-
ful....,,"
A, A. Macdonell, Bkandarkar Commemoration
Volume - Poona 1917
.XXV
"With the exception of the occasional legend's and
striking thoughts which occur in them, they cannot be said
to be at all atrraclve as literary productions,, To support
their explanations of the ceremonial, they interweave exege-
tical, linguistic, and etymological observations, and intro-
duce myths and philosophical speculations in confirmation
of their cosmogomic and theosophic theories. They form
'an aggregate of shallow and pedantic discussions, full of
sacerdotal conceits, and fanciful, or even absurd identifica-
tions, such as is doubtless unparalleled anywhere else9 '
- A, A. Macdotiell, Hlsiory of Sanskrit Literature. PP* 32.
"The Brahmasas represent no doubt a most interest-
ing phase in the history of the Indian mind, but judged by
themselves, asjiterary productions,, they are most disappoint-
ing. No one would have supposed that at so early a period,
and in so primitive a state of society, there could have risen
up a literature which for pedantry and downright absurdity
can hardly be matched anywhere. There is no lack of
striking thoughts, of bold expressions, of sound reasoning,
and curious traditions in these collections. But these are
only like the fragments of a "Torso9
like precious gems set
brass and lead. The general character of these works is-
marked by shallow and Jnsipid grandiloquence, by priestly
conceits and antiquarian pedantry. It is most important to
'the historian that he should know how soon the fresh and
healthy growth of a nation can be blighted by preistcrafl
and superstition. It is most important that we should knowthat nations are liable to these epidemics in their youth as
well as In their dotage. These works deserve to be studied
as the physician studies the twaddle of idiots and the ravingof madmen."
Maxrnuller, -History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature*
PP. 389 (See Introduction to Vedic Kosha of Hamsaraja )
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*The gap between the poets and the early Interpreters.
was Indeed so great that one ofYaska's predecessors 9named, :
Kautsa, actually had the audacity to assert that the science
of Vedic exposition was useless, as the Vedic hymns andfoimidas were obscure, unmeaning, or mutually contra-
dictory,. Such criticisms, Yaska meets by replying that it
Was not the fault of the rafter if the bllndman did .not see
it Yaska himself interprets only a very small portion of the
hymns of the Rigveda. IB what he does attempt to explamhe largely depends oa etymological considerations for the
ftcrae he assigns. He often gives two or more alternative
m optional senses 10 the same word. The fact that he offers
a choice of meanings shows that he had no earlier authorityfor his guide* and that his renderings are simply conjectural;fcr no one can suppose that the authors of the hymns hadmore than one meaning in their minds/ .
.
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Apte-Sanskrit DictionaryVedic Index by A- A. Mac-
donell & A. B Keith.
Sx>.
History of Sanskrit Poetics [P. V. Kane]History of Indian Philosophy [S. Radhakrislinan]History of Sanskrit Literature [A. A. Macdonell]What India can teach us [Maxmuller]The Atharva Veda and the Gopatha Brahmana
[M. Bloomfield]
