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    Chapter SevenChapter Seven

    Resolving Conflict withResolving Conflict withOthersOthers

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    ConflictConflict

    Functional conflict serves theorganizations interests while

    Dysfunctional conflictDysfunctional conflict threatensthe organizationsinterests.

    Conflict:Conflict:A process in which one party perceivesthat its interests are being opposed or negatively

    affected by another party.

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    Antecedents of ConflictAntecedents of Conflict

    Incompatible personalities or valuesystems.

    Overlapping or unclear job boundaries.

    Competition for limited resources.

    Interdepartment/intergroup competition.

    Inadequate communication.

    Interdependent tasks.

    Organizational complexity.

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    Antecedents of ConflictAntecedents of Conflict

    (continued)(continued)

    Unreasonable or unclear policies, standards,or rules.

    Unreasonable deadlines or extreme timepressure.

    Collective decision making.

    Decision making by consensus.

    Unmet expectations.

    Unresolved or suppressed conflict.

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    Sources of Interpersonal

    Conflict Competition for Limited Resources Role Conflict

    Competing Work and Family Demands Building Stone Walls

    Personality Clashes

    Aggressive Personalities IncludingBullies

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    Sources of Conflict and Use of

    Rational vs. Political ModelSources of

    Potential

    Inter-group

    Conflict

    Goal

    Incompatibility

    Differentiation

    Task

    Interdependence

    Limited

    Resources

    Consistent across

    participants

    Centralized

    Orderly, logical,

    rational

    Norm of efficiency

    Extensive,

    systematic, accurate

    When Conflict Is

    Low,

    Rational Model

    describes

    organization

    Inconsistent, pluralistic

    within the organization

    Decentralized, shifting

    coalitions and interest

    groups

    Disorderly, result of

    bargaining and interplay

    among interests

    Free play of market forces,

    conflict is legitimate and

    expected

    Ambiguous, information used

    and withheld strategically

    When Conflict Is

    High,

    Political Model

    describes

    organization

    Goals

    Power and

    Control

    Decision

    Process

    Rules and

    Norms

    Information

    Organization

    Variables

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    Marketing Manufacturing

    Areas of Potential Goal ConflictMARKETING VS. MANUFACTURING

    Operative goal is Operative goal is

    Goal Conflict customer satisfaction production efficiency

    Conflict Area Typical Comment Typical Comment

    Breadth of product line: Our customers The product line is too

    demand variety. broad, all we get areshort, uneconomical runs.

    New product introduction: New products are our Unnecessary design changes

    lifeblood. are prohibitively expensive.

    Production scheduling: We need faster response. We need realistic customer

    Lead times are too long. commitments that dont

    change like the wind direction

    Physical distribution: Why dont we ever have We cant afford to keep huge

    the right merchandise inventories.

    in inventory?

    Quality: Why cant we have Why must we always offer

    reasonable quality options that are too

    at low cost? expensive and offer little

    customer utility?

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    Desired Outcomes of ConflictDesired Outcomes of Conflict

    AgreementAgreement:Strive for equitable and fairagreements that last.

    Stronger relationships:Stronger relationships:Build bridges ofgoodwill and trust for the future.

    Learning:Learning:Greater self-awareness and creativeproblem solving.

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    Tips for Managers Whose EmployeesTips for Managers Whose Employees

    Are Having a Personality ConflictAre Having a Personality Conflict1. Follow company policies for diversity, anti-

    discrimination, and sexual harassment.

    2. Investigate and document conflict.

    3. If appropriate, take corrective action (e.g.,feedback or B Mod).

    4. If necessary, attempt informal dispute resolution.

    5. Refer difficult conflicts to human resourcespecialists or hired counselors for formal

    resolution attempts and other interventions.

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    --Relationships and minimizeRelationships and minimize

    ConflictConflict

    BehaviorBehavior RankRankBe a good listener 1

    Be sensitive to the needs of others 2

    Be cooperative, rather than overly competitive 2

    Advocate inclusive (participative) leadership 3Compromise rather than dominate 4

    Build rapport through conversations 5

    Be compassionate and understanding 6

    Avoid conflict by emphasizing harmony 7

    Nurture others (develop and mentor) 8

    TieTie

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    Five Conflict-Handling StylesFive Conflict-Handling Styles

    Sharing Accomodative

    Competitive Avoiding

    Collaborative

    High Low

    High

    Low

    Concernf

    orOt

    hers

    Concern for Self

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    Wh i C fli H dliWh t i C fli t H dli

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    What is your Conflict-HandlingWhat is your Conflict-Handling

    Style?Style?

    How important are conflict-handling skills in themodern workplace? Explain.

    Did this instrument do a reasonable good job ofidentifying your primary and backup conflict-handlingstyles? Explain.

    Do you need to improve your conflict-handling skills?Explain.

    In your opinion, which conflict-handling style wouldtend to be most successful in todays workplace? Whichis the least successful?

    What is your experience with managers who haddysfunctional conflict-handling styles? What was theimpact on work motivation and job satisfaction?

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    Conflict Resolution Confrontation and Problem-Solving Constructive Handling of Criticism

    Image Exchanging (creating empathy) Cognitive Restructuring

    Negotiating and Bargaining

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    Alternative Dispute ResolutionAlternative Dispute Resolution

    (ADR) Techniques(ADR) Techniques

    Facilitation:Facilitation:Third party gets disputants to dealdirectly and constructively with each other.

    Conciliation:Conciliation:Neutral third party acts ascommunication link between disputants.

    Peer review:Peer review:Impartial co-workers hear both sides andrender decision that may or may not be binding.

    OmbudsmanOmbudsman::Respected and trusted member of theorganization hears grievances confidentially.

    MediationMediation::Trained third-party guides disputantstoward their own solution.

    Arbitration:Arbitration:Neutral third-party hears both sides in acourt-like setting and renders a binding decision.

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    NegotiatingNegotiating

    Distributive negotiation:Distributive negotiation:Single issue; fixed-pie; win-lose.Integrative negotiation:Integrative negotiation:More than one issue; win-win.

    Negotiation:Negotiation:A give-and-take decision-makingprocess involving interdependent parties with different

    preferences.

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    An Integrative Approach:An Integrative Approach:

    Added-Value NegotiationAdded-Value Negotiation

    Clarify interests.

    Identify options.

    Design alternative deal packages.

    Select a deal.

    Perfect the deal.

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