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ManagementChapter 1

Prepared by:Prince Dudhatra


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Planning Ahead Chapter 2 Study Questions

What can be learned from classical managementthinking?

What ideas were introduced by the humanresource approaches?

What is the role of quantitative analysis inmanagement?

What is unique about the systems view andcontingency thinking?

What are the continuing management themes ofthe 21st century?

prince dudhatra-9724949948


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Study Question 1: What can be learned from

classical management thinking?

Classical approaches to management

include:

Scientific management

Administrative principles

Bureaucratic organization



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Figure 2.1 Major branches in the classical

approach to management.



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Scientific management (Frederick Taylor)

Develop rules of motion, standardized work

implements, and proper working conditions for everyjob.

Carefully select workers with the right abilities for the

job.

Carefully train workers and provide proper incentives.

Support workers by carefully planning their work and

removing obstacles.



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Scientific management (the Gilbreths)

Motion study Science of reducing a job or task to its basic

physical motions.

Eliminating wasted motions improves

performance.



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classica

lmanagement thinking?

Administrative principles (Henri Fayol) rulesof management:

Foresight to complete a plan of action for the future.

Organization to provide and mobilize resources toimplement the plan.

Command to lead, select, and evaluate workers toget the best work toward the plan.

Coordination to fit diverse efforts together andensure information is shared and problems solved.

Control to make sure things happen according toplan and to take necessary corrective action.



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classica


Administrative principles (Henri Fayol) key

principles of management:

Scalar chain there should be a clear and unbrokenline of communication from the top to the bottom of the

organization.

Unity of command each person should receive

orders from only one boss.

Unity of direction one person should be in charge of

all activities with the same performance objective.



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classica


Administrative principles (Mary Parker

Follett)

Groups and human cooperation: Groups are mechanisms through which individuals

can combine their talents for a greater good.

Organizations are cooperating communities of

managers and workers. Managers job is to help people in the organization

cooperate and achieve an integration of interests.



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classica


Administrative principles (Mary ParkerFollett)

Forward-looking management insights: Making every employee an owner creates a sense of

collective responsibility (precursor of employeeownership, profit sharing, and gain-sharing)

Business problems involve a variety of inter-related

factors (precursor of systems thinking) Private profits relative to public good (precursor of

managerial ethics and social responsibility)



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classica


Bureaucratic organization (Max Weber)

Bureaucracy

An ideal, intentionally rational, and very efficient

form of organization.

Based on principles oflogic, order, and legitimate

authority.



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classica


Characteristics ofbureaucraticorganizations:

Clear division oflabor

Clear hierarchy ofauthority

Formal rules and

procedures Impersonality

Careers based on merit

Possible disadvantagesof bureaucracy:

Excessive paperwork

or red tape

Slowness in handlingproblems

Rigidity in the face of

shifting needs Resistance to change

Employee apathy


management prince dudhatra 9724949948

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