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8/6/2019 FrontLines Magazine Summer 2011

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:sIzdhpCeho| \uggoz :>== vvv(be(dz

@omz Izeoh`|#

Iez|p mh` dzogd|p vo bmyo pd pbmha pbo Cdz` mh`gmh fdd` goh mh` vdgoh eh Buhfmz dz pboezHov Ldh|pepupedh# vbelb vm| zmpeo` ku|p mozOm|poz :>==( Pe| ldh|pepupedh zom||ozp| pbo zefbp

pd Ceo zdg ldhlo~pedh( Pe| e| fzduh`o` dh pbouh`mgohpmc mzgmpedh d pbo Lbze|pemh zddp|d Buhfmz( Vo lmh mc|d zo~dzp fdd` hov| zdgdpboz Lohpzmc Ouzd~omh lduhpzeo| ceao \cdymaem#Cepbumhem mh` Lzdmpem# vbelb lduc` dccdv pbe|orloccohp ormg~co |ddh(

Eh ^dcmh` mjdzpedh e| befbc zo|pzelpo` j cmv#jup hdv pbozo e| gduhpehf ~dcepelmc ~zo||uzo pdmjdce|b ohpezoc pbo aeccehf d jmjeo| eh pbo vdgjd pboez gdpboz| pbzdufb m `zm cmv pbmp bm| mc'zom` jooh mydzmjc ydpo` dh dhlo eh pbo cdvozbdu|o d pbo ^mzcemgohp( Ku|p jodzo comyehf Epmc#

E vm| jzeoo` dh pbe| yoz ymcumjco ehepempeyo jMcelkm Jmjaeovel|# vbd vdza| vepb pbo ^dce|bIo`ozmpedh d pbo zd'Ceo Gdyogohp vboh E gopboz mp pbo \uggoz \g~d|eug d pbo ZdgmhIdzug mp Fmz`dho eh pbo hdzpb d Epmc(

Vo lmh |oo pbo mlpeyepeo| d duz `eozohp m'cempo| vdzc`ve`o eh pboez ldh|pmhp `ooh|o d ceomh` mgec( Vo lmh gohpedh |dgo ormg~co|( Duzmcempo eh Oc \mcym`dz e| mlpeyoc ~zdgdpehf m ldh'|pepupedhmc mgoh`gohp pbmp vecc `oho gmzzemfom| pbo uhedh d m gmh mh` m vdgmh( Duz ^dce|bmcempo bm| cmuhlbo` m voj|epo pd ldccolp |efhm'

puzo| pd ~zdgdpo pbo zoldfhepedh d ldh|ledu| dj'kolpedh d ~bmzgmle|p| mfmeh|p pbo |occehf d ldh'pzmlo~peyo mh` mjdzpemleohp|( Jup pbo gd|p eg'~dzpmhp jmppco e| joehf vmfo` eh Po ^bece~~eho|#vbozo duz mcempo| mzo d~~d|ehf vepb mcc pboezohozfeo| pbo |d lmcco` Zo~zd`ulpeyo Bomcpb

Jecc( Pe| jecc vduc` cofmce{o mh` gmao uheyoz|mc;Ldg~zoboh|eyo \or O`ulmpedh# Ldhpzmlo~pedh#Mjdzpedh pbzdufb pbo jm` mepb ~zdlo`uzo d~zdgdpehf pbo |d lmcco` zo~zd`ulpeyo bomcpb1

cm|pc# pbe| lduhpz vecc gdyo pdvmz`| joldgehfm ldozleyo |olucmz |pmpo# ~uhe|behf vepb kmec |oh'pohlo| pbd|o vbd d~~d|o pbe| jecc( \d bozo vo |oo mp~elmc lm|o d pbo pdpmcepmzemh poh`ohleo| d ldh'pog~dzmz `ogdlzml pbmp vozo `ohduhlo` vepb~zd~bopel yefdz j pbo Jco||o` Kdbh ^muc EE(

Cm|p omz vo o|pmjce|bo` BCE Mgozelm m| mLmpbdcel o`ulmpedhmc m~d|pdcmpo `o`elmpo` pd pbobdgo zdhp vepb pbo djkolpeyo d ~zdgdpehf pbopzuo `efhep d pbo ~oz|dh# `ooh`ehf mupbohpelbugmh zefbp|# mh` d|pozehf pbo fdd` d gmzzemfomh` mgec( Eh pbe| e||uo# vo ~zo|ohp mh u~`mpo d

pbo mlpeyepeo| j pbo hov Hmpedhmc @ezolpdz d BCEMgozelm# Mzcmh` A( Helbdc|(

Po fdd` hov| vo mzo zoloeyehf zdg Ouzd~omh` pbo bozdel cmjdz| d mcc duz mcempo| vdzc`'ve`o mzo |efh d bd~o pbmp vepb pbo Cdz`| m||e|'pmhlo pbo mhpe'ceo pe`o pbmp bm| jooh |uzfehf mccdyoz pbo ~cmhop vecc jo puzho` mzduh`( d ldh'pehuo pbe| |pzuffco# vo hoo` duz fohozdu| boc~#z|p mh` dzogd|p duz ~zmoz| m| gogjoz| d pbog|pelmc jd` d Lbze|p# mh` |oldh`# duz hmh'lemc m||e|pmhlo(

\ehlozoc eh Lbze|p#

G|fz( Efhmled Jmzzoezd'LmzgjucmEhpozeg ^zo|e`ohp

G|fz( Efhmled Jmzzoezd'Lmzgjucm# \(P(@#Ehpozeg ^zo|e`ohp

LDHOH\< Hov| zdg pbo Ge||edh|

9 BCE Mgozelm

6 BCE Vdzc`Vmplb

2 @oyocd~gohp Hov| ) ^zdfzo||

=> Po Hov Buhfmzemh Ldh|pepupedh

=: BO ZB JECC; Copbmc Ehkolpedh ehpdpbo \duc d pbo ^bece~~eho|

=0 occ Yopozmh ^zd'Ceo Com`oz|Pmha|-

=? M zejupo pd Kdo \lboe`coz

Eh Pe| E||uo

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IzdhpCeho| \uggoz :>== s == vvv(be(dz

Cefmm Mld|pm# BCE|Zofedhmc Lddz`ehmpdz

idz M|em

Hov| izdg pbo Ge||edh|

Gmzed Zdkm|# BCE|Zofedhmc Lddz`ehmpdz idz

Cmpeh Mgozelm

Zofedh; Cmpeh MgozelmBCE Lddz`ehmpdz; Gmzed Zdkm|

Oc \McyM`DZ Kucem Zofehm `o Lmz`ohmc#^zo|e`ohp d BCE| Iduh`mpedh Uo| pd Ceo vzdpom ldcugh dz pbo cdlmc gmkdz hov|~m~oz Po

Kduzhmc d m "Oc @emzed `o Bd%# vbelb vm| oh'pepco` Coppoz pd Ldhfzo||gmh \efze`d Zoo|# pbohov ^zo|e`ohp d pbo Cofe|cmpeyo M||ogjc eh Oc\mcym`dz# vbozo |bo `ohduhlo` pbmp bo mh` pbo~dcepelmc ~mzp pd vbelb bo jocdhf| bmyo hdp lmz'zeo` dup pboez ~zdge|o pd |u~~dzp m ldh|pepupedhmcmgoh`gohp pbmp vecc `oho gmzzemfo m| jopvoohdho gmh mh` dho vdgmh( Pe| mgoh`gohp vm|pbo zuep d gulb cmjdz mh` `elucp dh BCE|~mzp dz |oyozmc omz|( Kucem gm`o zoozohlo pd pbocofe|cmpeyo goopehf| vbozo BCE Oc \mcym`dz bm`jooh ~zo|ohp dz pbe| gmppoz( \bo m|ao` pbmp m| bo

jofeh| be| ~zo|e`ohl eh pbo Cofe|cmpeyo M||ogjc#bo vecc gmao m |ehlozo odzp pd gdyo dzvmz` pbe|cofe|cmpeyo jecc(

BcE ^OZu ~mzpele~mpo` vepb dpboz Lmpbdcel dz'fmhe{mpedh| eh m Zd|mz dz ^omlo# vbelb vm| zo'lepo` eh zdhp d pbo Lmpbo`zmc d Cegm homz pbocdlmpedh vbozo gecepmhp bdgd|orumc| mh` co|je'mh| |pmfo` m Ae||'eh Mfmeh|p Bdgd~bdjem( BCE^ozu gogjoz Hmhl Izouh`p vm| ehpozyeovo`j Lmpbdcel Hov| Mfohl dz mh mzpelco pepco`Lmpbdcel| @ooh` Lmpbo`zmc d Cegm Mfmeh|p Fm

^zdydlmpedh vepb ^zmozpbmp vm| pboh ~ujce|bo`(Po dccdvehf ~mzmfzm~b m~~omzo` eh pbo mzpelco;Hmhl Izouh`p d pbo Lohpoz dz pbo ^zdgdpedhd Hmpuzmc Imgec ^cmhhehf |me` pbmp eh ^ozu bd'gd|orumc| mzo hdp ~oz|olupo`# jup pbo `d ~zd'

ydao mh` lbmccohfo u| jolmu|o pbo vmhp pd `dmvm vepb oyoz gdzmc ~zehle~co# mh` dz pbog pboLmpbdcel Lbuzlb zo~zo|ohp| oyozpbehf pbo vmhppd pomz `dvh( Po Lmpbdcel Lbuzlb e|hp m ~eco djzela|( Po Lbuzlb e| mcc d u| Lmpbdcel| vbd ceyomh` ~zdo|| duz mepb# Izouh`p |me`(

Zofedh; M|emBCE Lddz`ehmpdz; Cefmm Mld|pm

BcE ^EcE^EHM\ M| pbo ^bece~~eho| fbp|dz ep| ceo mfmeh|p ehlzom|ehf ohlzdmlbgohp zdgpbo `ompb ~zdgdpoz|# @z( Zoho Juccoloz ldhpehuo|be| mz`udu| lmg~mefh dz ceo# ~mzpelucmzc mfmeh|ppbo |d'lmcco` Zo~zd`ulpeyo Bomcpb Jecc pbmp bm|jooh uh`oz ehpoh|o `e|lu||edh( Bozo e| m |mg'~cehf d be| mlpeyepeo|; Cmzfo |lmco o`ulmpedhmc d'zug| or~d|ehf pbo pozzejco oyec| pbmp pbo ZB Jecc

pbzompoh|1 hugozdu| zm`ed mh` Y ehpozyeov|1 m

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IzdhpCeho| \uggoz :>== s ?

Hov| izdg pbo Ge||edh|

Zofedh; Ouzd~oBCE Lddz`ehmpdz; Kdmhho|

Julboz

EZOcMH` ^mpzela GlLz|pmc ldhpehuo| be|lmg~mefh dz |~olemc ~zmoz mh` mlpedh eh pbo mlo

d cddgehf pbzomp| eh Ezocmh`( Po ldhpehuo pdzmcc pbo ~od~co eh m cmzfo |lmco zd|mz `zeyo# `e|'pzejupehf 2#>>> zd|mz lmcoh`mz| mh` 0>#>>> BdcImlo jddacop| pbzdufbdup pbo lduhpz(

^mpzela mc|d ldhpehuo| pd feyo pmca| pbzdufbEzocmh`( M| m ~bmzgmle|p# bo |~oma| mupbdzepmpeyo'c mjdup pbo ~ecc m `zuf vbelb `o|pzd| bu'gmh ceo mh` pbo u|o d vbelb e| mh eh|ucp pd Fd`(Bo |ohp m ~zo|| zocom|o pd mcc ?>> go`em dupcop| ehpbo lduhpz dh pbe| go`elmc mjdzpemleohp# mh` boldhpehuo| pd jo ompuzo` eh hmpedhmc mh` ehpozhm'pedhmc go`em ceao OVH(

^DcMH` Colb mh` Ovm Advmcov|ae bmyocmuhlbo` m voj|epo pd ldccolp |efhmpuzo| dz m ~ope'pedh pbmp vduc` zoldfhe{o pbo zefbp d ~bmzgmle|p|pd m ldh|leohpedu| djkolpedh lcmu|o |d pbo lmh zo'u|o |mco mh`dz ~zdgdpedh d ldhpzmlo~peyo| mh`mjdzpemleohp|( Mh ohdzgdu| lmg~mefh e| uh`oz'vm mh` joehf ~elao` u~ j pbo go`em( Luzzohpc#pbo ~opepedh bm| gdzo pbmh 9#?>> |efhmpuzo|(

Dh Gmzlb =5':?# Ovm gm`o m =>'`m ge||edh'mz pze~ pd Am{mab|pmh dz pbo Hmpedhmc Vooad pbo \mhlpep d Ceo( \bo ~zdye`o` colpuzo| eh

~mze|bo|# |lbddc|# mh` uheyoz|epeo| eh gmh lepeo|(omgehf u~ vepb BCE Zu||em'Gd|ldv| FmcehmGm|cohheadym# |bo boc~o` ldg~copo m |ullo||ucomz d pzmehehf ~zdfzmg| dz ~zd'ceo com`oz| ehAm{mab|pmh(

\EjOZEM Gmzehm Azcdym zo~dzp| pbmp `uopd pbo eh`eye`umc lduh|ocehf pbmp pbo ~zdye`o#9 gdpboz| bmyo zokolpo` mjdzpedh mh` lbd|oh pdfeyo ceo pd pboez lbec`zoh( M||e|pmhlo ldhpehuo| m'poz pbo jmjeo| mzo jdzh# mh` boc~ bm| zolohpc joohfeyoh pd pbo gdpboz| vbd bmyo d~po` dz ceo mh`

pd mgeceo| vepb |gmcc lbec`zoh vbd hoo` dd`(Zofucmz |ogehmz| mzo mc|d dozo` dz pbo gdpb'oz| vbd zoloeyo gmpozemc |u~~dzp( Po vdgoh mzopmufbp mjdup zocmpedh|be~| vepbeh mgeceo| mh`gdpboz'mh`'lbec` jdh`ehf( Pe| mcempo mc|d d'oz| zofucmz goopehf| vepb |ehfco gdpboz| vbdmzo ceyehf eh m |bocpoz dz bdgoco|| vdgoh vepbjmjeo|(

\cDyMAEM @uzehf pbo `m| ~zolo`ehf mh`ehlcu`ehf pbo Iom|p d pbo Ehlmzhmpedh# pbe| mcempo|~dh|dzo` ep| jeffo|p omzc lmg~mefh# vbelb luc'

gehmpo` dh Gmzlb :?; @m d pbo Ldhloeyo` Lbec`(Po lmg~mefh ehlcu`o` m hmpedhve`o lddz`ehmpedhvepb ~zd'ceo mh` hdh'fdyozhgohpmc dzfmhe{mpedh|dz pbo ~zdgdpedh d zo|~olp dz pbo ceo d oyozldhloeyo` lbec`( Pzdufb m ymzeop d ehepempeyo|#pbo zme|o` pboez ydelo| cdu`c mh` ~ujcelc# pbo`e||ogehmpo` ehdzgmpedh eh mydz d pbo ~zdpol'

pedh d mcc bugmh ceo# mcc eh pbo bd~o| d ~zdgdpehfbomcpb mppepu`o|# o|~olemcc mgdhf pbo duhf mh`pboez ~mzohp|# mjdup |ulb lzepelmc e||uo|( Pe| omz|oyohp| gmza pbo ==pb mhhumc locojzmpedh d pbe| eg'~dzpmhp lmg~mefh# vbd|o gdppd eh :>== vm| Ceoe| jomupeuc( ^zdpolp ep zdg ldhlo~pedh(

Zofedh; Izohlb'\~omaehf

MzelmBCE Lddz`ehmpdz; Fodzfo

VezhamzHEfOZEM Lbmzco| Hhmfjdb# BCE| mcempocom`oz eh Hefozem# ogjmzao` dh m gm||eyo leyelo`ulmpedh mh` |oh|epe{mpedh lmg~mefh pd boc~ ydp'oz| uh`oz|pmh` ~zd'ceo e||uo| mh` pbo ~d|epedh dpbo lmh`e`mpo| zocmpehf pd ceo( Pe| pdda Lbmzco|pd gmh lepeo| mh` yeccmfo|# vbozo bo m``zo||o`

ymzedu| mu`eohlo| pbmp ehlcu`o` zocefedu| fzdu~|#pzm`oz| mh` gmzaop vdgoh# dupb| mh` |pu`ohp|(M| m ~zme|ovdzpb |u~~dzp dz ceo# Lbmzco| gm`om fe pd pbo Dz~bmhmfo mh` Lze|e| ^zofhmhl

Lohpoz d pbo Ge||edhmzeo| d Lbmzep cdlmpo` mp[ea Myohuo# Dhep|bm# Mhmgjzm \pmpo(

Kdmhho| Julboz# BCE|Zofedhmc Lddz`ehmpdz idz

Ouzd~o

Lbmzco| Hhmfjdb# BCE| micempo com`oz eh Hefozem# vepb

Ge||edhmzeo| d Lbmzep(

Fodzfo Vezhamz# BCE|Zofedhmc Lddz`ehmpdz idz

Izohlb'\~omaehf Mizelm

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9sIzdhpCeho| \uggoz :>== vvv(be(dz

BCEMgozelmBCE MGOZELM e|

m Lmpbdcel o`ulm'

pedhmc m~d|pdcmpo pd

pbo _hepo` \pmpo|#

vbelb e| `o`elmpo`

pd ~zdgdpehf pbo

pzuo `efhep d pbo

~oz|dh# pd `ooh`'

ehf mupbohpel bu'

gmh zefbp|# mh` pd

d|pozehf pbo fdd`

d gmzzemfo mh`

pbo mgec(

Mzcmh` A( Helbdc|

Hmpedhmc @ezolpdz# BCE Mgozelm

E vo vmhp fdd` gmzzemfo|# bomcpb# bm~~ mg'eceo| mh` m gmpuzo mh` cdyehf |orumcep# pboh vogu|p ahdv Fd`| gdzmc pzupb| mh` lbdd|o pd ceyopbog( Po|o vdz`| d Impboz ^muc Gmzr or~zo|| muh`mgohpmc pzupb pbmp lmhhdp jo dzfdppoh m| vo

|pzeyo pd juec` m lucpuzo d ceo; E duz mgeceo| mzopd zm`empo jomup# mh` e duz lucpuzo vecc jo m luc'puzo d ceo mh` cdyo# ep e| mj|dcupoc o||ohpemc pbmpomlb ~oz|dh ~uz|uo o`ulmpedh mh` ahdvco`fo ehpbo gdzmc pzupb| d pbo mepb(

Po ge||edh mh` ldggepgohp d BCE Mgozelme| pd boc~ duz |dleop# pbo mgec# mh` omlb eh`e'

ye`umc ahdv Fd`| gdzmc pzupb|( M| duz ge||edh|pmpogohp zom`|# BCE MGOZELM e| m Lmpbdcelo`ulmpedhmc m~d|pdcmpo pd pbo _hepo` \pmpo|# vbelbe| `o`elmpo` pd ~zdgdpehf pbo pzuo `efhep d pbo~oz|dh# pd `ooh`ehf mupbohpel bugmh zefbp|# mh`

pd d|pozehf pbo fdd` d gmzzemfo mh` pbo mgec(Po|o mzo orlepehf pego| mp BCE Mgozelm m|vo mzo `oyocd~ehf mh` eg~cogohpehf m hugjozd ~zdfzmg| pd boc~ uccc duz ge||edh( Vo ehyepodu pd ye|ep pbo hovc zo`o|efho` BCEMgozelm(dzf pd lbola dup pbo hov ompuzo|( Vbeco du mzomp pbo voj|epo `dhp dzfop pd |efh u~ dz pbo BCEMgozelm Hov|coppoz# vbelb du vecc zoloeyo ehduz ehjdr oyoz pvd vooa|-

M| du vecc |oo vboh du ye|ep pbo |epo# BCEMgozelm e| juec`ehf m fzomp pomg d Ioccdv|#Ldhpzejupehf Vzepoz|# mh` Uduhf \lbdcmz|(

Mgdhf dpboz pbehf|# pbe| orloccohp fzdu~ d gohmh` vdgoh vecc jo |~zom`ehf pbo Fdd` Hov| jvzepehf eh ymzedu| cdlmc mh` hmpedhmc ~ujcelmpedh|#j `dehf zo|omzlb# mh` ohfmfehf pbo go`em( Pomc|d vecc aoo~ u| ehdzgo` d pbo e||uo| d omlb

`m dh duz hov dhceho dzug# zupb mh` Lbmzep(Mh` vbd mzo pbo|o Uduhf \lbdcmz|4 JdpbJco||o` Kdbh ^muc EE mh` ^d~o Joho`elp bmyo zof'ucmzc og~bm|e{o` pbmp pbo dupb mzo hdp pbo u'puzo d pbo Lbuzlb jup# zmpboz# pbo ~zo|ohp d pboLbuzlb( Vo mfzoo- \d BCE Mgozelm e| orlepo` pdcmuhlb pbo z|p ~bm|o d m Uduhf \lbdcmz| ~zd'fzmg pbmp vecc dlu| dh pzmehehf mh` vdzaehfvepb ldccofo'mfo` |pu`ohp| pd boc~ feyo pbog pbovzepehf# |~omaehf# mh` com`oz|be~ |aecc| holo||mz

^ZDPOLPEHF CEIO MP BDGO

Mzcmh` Helbdc| vepb be| veo# Leh`# mh` pboez pbzoo lbec`zoh#

Gmz Lmpbozeho# Pdgm|# mh` Kd|o~b(

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IzdhpCeho| \uggoz :>== s 6

E duz mgeceo| mzo pd zm`empo

jomup# mh` e duz lucpuzo vecc

jo m lucpuzo d ceo mh` cdyo#

ep e| mj|dcupoc o||ohpemc pbmp

omlb ~oz|dh ~uz|uo o`ulmpedh

mh` ahdvco`fo eh pbo gdzmc

pzupb| d pbo mepb(

pd juec` pbo Lucpuzo d Ceo( Vo or~olpfzomp pbehf| zdg pbog jdpb hdv mh` ehpbo upuzo-

Vepb pbo ldd~ozmpedh d GmfmcCcmfuhd# BCE| fzomp m~d|pco d ceoeh Cmpeh Mgozelm# BCE Mgozelm veccmc|d jo or~mh`ehf ep| dupzomlb pd pbo

Be|~mhel ldgguhep eh pbo _hepo`\pmpo|( Po Be|~mhel ldgguhep eh pbo_hepo` \pmpo| e| fzdvehf zm~e`c# mh`

BCE Mgozelm e| ldggeppo` pd goopehfpbo hoo`| d pbe| eg~dzpmhp fzdu~ dLmpbdcel|(

Iehmcc# BCE Mgozelm| horp ldhoz'ohlo vecc dlu| dh Oh` d Ceo E||uo|(Bd|po` eh \mh Mhpdhed# orm| Gmzlb :=:# pbe| ldhozohlo vecc ~ze'gmzec |ooa pd o`ulmpo ~b|elemh|# huz|'o|# mh` lbm~cmeh|( Vo vecc |ddh jo mh'hduhlehf mh orloccohp cehou~ d |~oma'oz| dh BCEMgozelm(dzf(

Impboz Gmzr zoldfhe{o` pbmp QpWbomgec e| mcvm| lohpzmc pd pbo vocmzodz pbo hmpedh( BCE Mgozelm e| jco||o`pd ohfmfo eh pbo o`ulmpedhmc m~d|pdcmpo|d holo||mz pd dzgehf mgeceo| pbmpvecc juec` m lucpuzo d ceo mh` cdyo ehpboez bdgo|( Vepb Impboz Gmzr# vo mzo

ldhyehlo` pbmp vboh pbo mgec ceyo| pbogdzmc pzupb| d pbo mepb# pbo lucpuzo dceo lmh ~ohopzmpo mh` pzmh|dzg duz |d'leop mh` duz lduhpz(

Fd`| jco||ehf| pd du mh` duz| m|du |ooa pd ceyo pbo gdzmc pzupb| d duzmepb(

Mzcmh` A( Helbdc|Hmpedhmc @ezolpdz# BCE Mgozelm

BCE

VDZC@VMLBM HOV BcE VOj EHEPEMPEyO

BCE e| `ocefbpo` pd mhhduhlo m jzmh` hovehepempeyo mh` ymcumjco zo|duzlo pd mzgpbo lucpuzo d ceo mh` fbp pbo lucpuzod `ompb mzduh` pbo vdzc`; BCE Vdzc`Vmplb( Mp BCEVdz`Vmplb(dzf# duz pomgd ehpozhmpedhmc ~zd'ceo or~ozp| mh` ge|'|edhmzeo| gdhepdz oyohp| mh` pzoh`| pbmp

molp pbo ~zd'ceo mh` ~zd'mgec gdyo'gohp mh` boc~ du uh`oz|pmh` pbo cmzfozldhporp jobeh` pbo |pdzeo|(

VB E\ PBE\ EG^DZPMHP4

dd doh mhpe'ceo dzlo| d~ozmpo uh`oz pbo zm`mz# eg~cogohpehf pboez `o|pzul'peyo mfoh`m( Vo gu|p |bo` cefbp dh pbe| mfoh`m eh oyoz ldzhoz d pbo vdzc` jzoldfhe{ehf mh` zoupehf pboez mc|o lcmeg|# mh` j ~dehpehf pdvmz` pbo pzupbmh` bd~o dozo` j m lucpuzo d ceo(

M| du gm ahdv# BCE d~ozmpo| eh dyoz =>> hmpedh| mzduh` pbo vdzc`( Vo

pzmeh mh` o}ue~ `ooh`oz| d ceo mh` mgec# boc~ehf pbog zoldfhe{o mh` `o'omp mhpe'ceo ehepempeyo| pbmp pbzompoh vdgoh# lbec`zoh# mgeceo| mh` pboez ~zd'ceolucpuzo|( M| pbo vdzc`| cmzfo|p ehpozhmpedhmc ~zd'ceo dzfmhe{mpedh# vo ooc ep e|duz `up pd ~zdye`o m| gmh zo|duzlo| m| ~d||ejco pd pbo ehpozhmpedhmc ~zd'ceogdyogohp( BCEVdzc`Vmplb(dzf vecc |ozyo m| m ~dvozuc zo|duzlo pd o`ulmpomh` pd zo|~dh` vboh pbo `efhep d bugmh ceo mh` mgec e| pbzompoho` mzduh`pbo vdzc`(

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zeoh`| mh` mgec mjdup BCEVdzc`Vmplb(dzf |d pbmp# pdfopboz# vo lmh `oomppbo lucpuzo d `ompb vdzc`ve`o(

Fd pd BCE(dzf pd ldhholp vepbmcc di duz Ehpozhop ehepempeyo|-

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2sIzdhpCeho| \uggoz :>== vvv(be(dz

Jecc Veccemg|

@oyocd~gohp Gmhmfoz

Udu vecc jo bomzehf m cdp mjdup pbo hov Buhfmzemh ldh|pepu'pedh m~~zdyo` j pboez ~mzcemgohp dyoz pbo horp ov gdhpb|(Buhfmz| ~zd'ceo ldh|pepupedh ldg~copoc zogdyo| mjdz'pedh mh` e| pbo z|p Ouzd~omh lduhpz pd gmao pbo ldg'~copo lbmhfo zdg mjdzpedh dh `ogmh` pd ~zdpolpehf ceo

zdg ldhlo~pedh( Lbmhfo| ceao pbe| `dhp bm~~oh dyozhefbp# ep pmao| omz| d bmz` vdza dh pbo zdhp ceho|(

Ceao BCE Buhfmz# duz

mcempo| mzduh` pbo vdzc`

mzo vdzaehf bmz`# fbpehf

pbo lucpuzo d `ompb mh` pbo

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IzdhpCeho| \uggoz :>== s 5

E duzo dyoz 6> mh` bmyo mh EZM#

du mzo zo}uezo` j cmv pd pmao m

gehegug e|juz|ogohp(

EZM `e|pzejupedh| pd BCE vecc jo orlcu`o` zdg o`ozmc pmrmjco ehldgo(

Udu lmh `d pbe| j gmaehf mh EZM

Lbmzepmjco @e|pzejupedh pd

Bugmh Ceo Ehpozhmpedhmc(

EZM Lbmzepmjco @e|pzejupedh Orpoh`o` idz :>==

Idz ehdzgmpedh dh bdv pd gmao pbo pzmh|oz# ldhpmlpJecc Veccemg| mp ?0>'9::'?:2? dz mp vveccemg|Nbce(dzf

@oyocd~gohp Hov| ) ^zdfzo||

Bmyo du oyoz vdh`ozo` mjdup pbd|o

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d feyo |myehf| jdh`| pd BCE `uzehf duz ceo'pego# du vduc` hoo` pd zoldfhe{o pbo mllzuo`ehpozo|p ehldgo( Mh mllugucmpo` ehpozo|p veccjo eggo`empoc pmrmjco pd du( E du u|o pbo~zdloo`| pd gmao m fe pd BCE# du vecc zoloeyom lbmzepmjco ehldgo pmr `o`ulpedh vbelb vduc`d|op |dgo dz mcc d pbo pmr `uo dh pbo jdh`|(

Udu lduc` mc|d lm|b duz jdh`| mh` fe pbouh`| dz pbo lzompedh d m Lbmzepmjco Fe Mhhuep(Mfmeh# duz lbmzepmjco ehldgo pmr `o`ulpedh lmhd|op |dgo dz mcc d duz pmro| `uo dh pbo jdh`|

m| vocc m| lzompo ehldgo dz pbo zo|p d duz ceo(

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Uduz vecc hoo`| pd |~olelmcc e`ohpe pbolbmzep pbmp bm| pbo zefbp pd zoloeyo pbo |myehf|jdh`| m| m `e|pzejupedh zdg pbo `olo`ohp| o|'pmpo( Po cmhfumfo u|o` eh pbo vecc |bduc` ldh'pmeh m lcmu|o# |ulb m| mcc d g |myehf| jdh`||bmcc jo feyoh pd Bugmh Ceo Ehpozhmpedhmc(Eh pbe| lm|o# pbo o|pmpo vecc `e|pzejupo pbo jdh`|pd pbo zole~eohp mh` pbo zole~eohp vecc zo~dzp pboehpozo|p ehldgo vboh pbo jdh`| mzo zo`oogo`

\myehf| Jdh`| hd cdhfoz omzhehf

Ehpozo|p

Pozo mzo m hugjoz d jdh`| pbmp mzo hd cdhfozomzhehf ehpozo|p; \ozeo| O# OO# B# BB# \myehf|Hdpo|# M# J# L# @# I# F# K# mh` A(

@d du ahdv e

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pehf pbog pd vdzaj `dhmpehf pbd|o

jdh`| pd boc~ uh`

duz ehpozhmpedhmc

ge||edh(

`dhmpeh \meh| jdh|

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=>sIzdhpCeho| \uggoz :>== vvv(be(dz

bo }uepo zogmzamjco hov BuhfmzemhLdh|pepupedh pbmp vm| zmpeo` ku|p mozOm|poz :>== fumzmhpoo| pbo zefbp pd ceozdg ldhlo~pedh- Ep e| m jzompbo d zo|b

mez eh Ouzd~o mh` eh ep| ~zomgjco mlahdvco`fo|pbo Lbze|pemh zddp| d Buhfmz( \~olemc zoozohloe| gm`o pd Aehf \p( \po~boh m| pbo duh`oz dBuhfmz( Bugmh Ceo Ehpozhmpedhmc "BCE% |pzdhf'c |u~~dzp| pbo ~zd'ceo mepb mh` mgec ldg~d'hohp| d pbe| ldh|pepupedh mfmeh|p pbo gmh cejozmclzepel| vbd bmyo mppmlao` ep(

@z( Egzo ofcm|# com`oz d pbo BCE mcempo eh

Buhfmz'pbo Mcm Mccemhlo dz pbo ^zdpolpedh d_hjdzh Jmjeo|# Ehmhp|# Lbec`zoh mh` Imgeceo|# e|vdzaehf bmz` pd gmao |uzo pbo ~zd'ceo m|~olp| dpbo ldh|pepupedh vecc jo lmzzeo` dup vboh ep ldgo|ehpd dzlo dh Kmhumz =# :>=:( Be| fzdu~ bm| mheg~zo||eyo zoldz` d boc~ehf ~zofhmhp gdpboz| ehlze|e| vepb m :0 bduz poco~bdho bdpceho( Mcm bm|mc|d dzfmhe{o` hugozdu| ~zmoz yefec| mh` ~zo||ldhozohlo|( Po bmyo pzmh|cmpo` mh` ~ujce|bo`~zd'ceo cepozmpuzo mh` oyoh ye`od| zdg BCE mh`dpboz|(

Mhdpboz Buhfmzemh ~zd'ceo bozd e| cmv ~zd'

o||dz Fmjdz Kdjjmfe d pbo Lmpbdcel _heyoz|epeh Ju`m~o|p( Iov ~od~co lmh zeymc be| mlbeoyogohpd bmyehf ehepempo` pvd cmv|uep| pbmp vozo ole`o`eh be| mydz j pbo befbo|p ldh|pepupedhmc lduzp|pzeaehf `dvh pbo mjdzpedh cmv m| uhldh|pepu'pedhmc( Be| z|p ldh|pepupedhmc lbmccohfo jofmh eh=55> ku|p moz pbo mcc d ldgguhe|g( Cmpoz vbohep vm| oye`ohp pbmp pbo fdyozhgohp vm| hdp |oze'du| mjdup lzmlaehf dvh dh mjdzpedh# bo jzdufbpdzvmz` mhdpboz cmv|uep eh :>>> vbelb zuco` pbmppbo mjdzpedh cmv vm| pdd ~ozge||eyo( Egmfehovbmp vecc jo ~d||ejco hdv pbmp pbo zefbp pd ceo

zdg ldhlo~pedh e| or~celepc eh pbo ldh|pepupedh-Buhfmz e| dzpuhmpo eh`oo` pd bmyo m |u~zogo

lduzp pbmp e| d~oh pd zmpedhmc mzfugohp| dh pbomjdzpedh e||uo uhceao pbo dhfdehf pzmfo` d pbo_\ \u~zogo Lduzp dz pbo cm|p

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IzdhpCeho| \uggoz :>== s ==

Po luzzohp Buhfmzemh fdyozhgohp e| ldh'`ulpehf m ~zd'ceo lmg~mefh vepb jeccjdmz`||bdvehf mh uhjdzh lbec`( Po go||mfo dh pbo|efh| e| m``zo||o` pd gdpboz| mh` zogeh`| pbogd pbo bugmhep d pboez ~zojdzh lbec`zoh mh`ohlduzmfo| pbo ceo'|myehf lbdelo d m`d~pedh( Ep|oog| pbo u|o` uh`| zdg pbo Ouzd~omh _hedh

mccdlmpo` dz mhpe'`e|lzegehmpedh lmg~mefh|-@e|lzegehmpedh mfmeh|p pbo ~zojdzh e| d lduz|om zomcep vbozoyoz mjdzpedh e| cofmc( Pe| bm| hdp~zoyohpo` cejozmc| mp pbo Ouzd~omh _hedh zdg`ogmh`ehf pbmp pbo lmg~mefh jo |pd~~o` mh`ldg~cmehehf cdu`c pbmp pbo uh`| vozo eg~zd~'ozc |~ohp(

Po Buhfmzemh fdyozhgohp e| luzzohpc ehm |pzdhf ~d|epedh jolmu|o pbo zucehf ldh|ozym'peyo ldmcepedh bm| dyoz pvd'pbez`| d pbo |omp| eh~mzcemgohp( Pe| bm~~ |pmpo d mmez| lmgo mozpbo ~zoyedu| co'vehf fdyozhgohp# |dgopego|

lmcco` pbo `e|m|poz fdyozhgohp# `e` |ulb m poz'zejco kdj pbmp pbozo vozo ~d~ucmz zedp| `ogmh`'ehf pbo zo|efhmpedh d pbo ~zego gehe|poz# m dzgozldgguhe|p(

Buhfmz mlpumcc boc` pbo zdpmpehf ~zo|e`oh'l d pbo Lduhlec d pbo Ouzd~omh _hedh zdgKmhumz pd Kuho :>==( Moz pbo zmpeo` pbo hovldh|pepupedh eh M~zec# pbo fdyozhgohp dzfmhe{o`m Lcm||elmc gu|el ldhlozp eh pbo Ympelmh dz ^d~oJoho`elp RYE eh Gm( Po Buhfmzemh ~zo|e`ohpmh` ~zego geh|poz jdpb lmgo pd Zdgo dz pbooyohp m| vocc m| Lmz`ehmc Oz`d d Ju`m~o|p( Ep

|ozyo` pd uh`oz|ldzo bdv mydzmjco pbe| hov ld'mcepedh e| pd pbo Lmpbdcel Lbuzlb(Po dzgozc ldgguhe|p lduhpzeo| d Ouzd~o

mzo eh gmh vm| gdzo ozpeco fzduh` dz ~zd'ceo mh` ~zd'mgec ymcuo| pbmh Vo|pozh Ouzd~o(Po mzo gdzo lm~mjco d |ooehf pbo `oym|pmpedhpbmp pbo lucpuzo d `ompb bm| jzdufbp( Ep e| mc|dpzuo pbmp mjdzpedh'dh'`ogmh` vm| eg~d|o` dhpbog j pbo \dyeop _hedh mh` pboez ldgguhe|pdyozcdz`|( Buhfmz e| hdv dccdvehf eh pbo ddp'|po~| d ^dcmh` vbelb lm|p d ep| Ldc` Vmz mjdz'pedh cmv( Dpboz hmpedh| eh pbo zofedh ceao \cdymaem#

Cepbumhem mh` Lzdmpem lduc` dccdv pbe| orloccohpormg~co |ddh( Po|o mzo mcc lduhpzeo| vepb cmzfogmkdzepeo| d Lmpbdcel|( BCE e| eh mcc pbo|o ~cmlo|mh` omfozc |u~~dzp| pbe| ~zdfzo||eyo zomvmaoh'ehf pd jm|el gdzmc mh` |~ezepumc ymcuo| pbmp e| pma'ehf ~cmlo(

Buhfmz e| mp m lzepelmc lzd||zdm`|( @uo pd m

jezpbzmpo "=(0 lbec`zoh ~oz mgec% |pecc mz jocdvpbo gehegug hoo`o` pd zo~cmlo pbog|ocyo|# pboez~d~ucmpedh occ jocdv pbo ~|lbdcdfelmcc eg'~dzpmhp pbzo|bdc` d => geccedh ~oz|dh| eh :>=>(Ldgguhe|g co m pozzejco |lmz dh pbe| lduhpzjup `e` hdp aecc ep( ^com|o kdeh BCE eh ~zmehf dzBuhfmz mh` |u|pmehehf pboez ~zd'ceo# ~zd'gmz'zemfo mh` ~zd'mgec mlpedh| pbmp vecc bd~ouccjomz zuep eh pbo zoyeymc d pbe| Lbze|pemh hmpedh(

PBO ^ZD'CEIO VE\@DGd IZ( ^M_C GMZR# M^D\PCO DI CEIOMjdzpedhe|p| m~~omz uheg~zo||o` j pbo mzfugohp pbmp# |ehlo bugmh ceo gu|p |uzoc jofeh |dgo'vbozo jopvooh ldhlo~pedh mh` jezpb# bo vbd vduc` |hu ep dup gu|p jomz pbo juz`oh d ~zdd( Mzopboez zmpedhmce{mpedh| mh` oym|edh| hd gdzo pbmh oye`ohlo| d pbo ldg~duh`o` ~becd|d~belmc ldhu'|edh d mh muohp |dleop oh|cmyo` j bo`dhe|g4 Dz `do| pbo pzupb fd `oo~oz mh` jcmlaoz pbmh pbmp4^ozbm~| vbmp pbo mzo mzme` pd mlo e| hdp pbo bugmhep d pbo uhjdzh lbec` jup pboez dvh veccehfho||pd joldgo upecepmzemh aeccoz| d pboez dvh aeh`(( Po @ompb ^o``coz|# ~mfo =??'=?9(

Kd|o~b Gomho vepb @z( Egzo ofcm|# com`oz d pbo BCE micempo eh Buhfmz; pbo Mcm Mccemhlo

dz pbo ^zdpolpedh d _hjdzh Jmjeo|# Ehmhp|# Lbec`zoh mh` Imgeceo|( Ju`m~o|p# Kuho :>==(

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=:sIzdhpCeho| \uggoz :>== vvv(be(dz

M| |ulb# pbo Lucpuzo d @ompb ahdv| pbmppbo Iece~ehd| hmpuzmc cdyo d Imepb# ceo mh` mg'ec gu|p jo ~zdfzo||eyoc ozd`o`# `ecupo` mh` uc'pegmpoc `o|pzdo` e ep e| pd ohmlp ep| vdzc`ve`omfoh`m# vbelb e| mczom` mz m`ymhlo`(

Po `ompb ~o``coz| ~zegmz vom~dh eh pbo^bece~~eho| e| pbo |d'lmcco` Zo~zd`ulpeyo BomcpbJecc# vbelb bm| jooh ydpo` dh mh` `oompo` duzpego| eh pbo Ldhfzo|| d pbo ^bece~~eho| dyoz pbocm|p pvocyo omz|( Po ZB Jecc gmh`mpo| pbo uhe'

yoz|mc ~zdye|edh d mcc gopbd`| d jezpb ldhpzdc#ehlcu`ehf mjdzpedh'lmu|ehf `zuf|# ~eppehf pbo ZB

Jecc mfmeh|p pbo Ldh|pepupedh d pbo ^bece~~eho|#vbelb ~zdpolp| bugmh ceo zdg ldhlo~pedh( Ep

e| mc|d fzd||c ehpzu|eyo ehpd pbo ceyo| d pbo ~od'~co mh` ldg~copoc `e|zofmz`| pboez zefbp| dldh|leohlo(

Po ZB Jecc vduc` cofmce{o mh` gmao uheyoz|mcduz pbehf| eh pbo ^bece~~eho|;

Ldg~zoboh|eyo \or O`ulmpedh( Po ZB Jecc|~dh|dz| ahdv pbmp pbo jo|p vm pd jzoma `dvhpbo hmpuzmc gd`o|p d lbec`zoh e| pbzdufb ldg'~zoboh|eyo |or o`ulmpedh ~zdfzmg| `o|efho` ehpbo _hepo` \pmpo| mh` Fzomp Jzepmeh( Po|o ~zd'fzmg| mzo gmh`mpdz# vecc jofeh eh pbo b fzm`o#mh` vecc feyo ldg~copo ehdzgmpedh dh hdp dhc

pbo bugmh zo~zd`ulpeyo ||pog# jup mc|d dh mccgopbd`| d jezpb ldhpzdc# ehlcu`ehf `ogdh|pzm'pedh| d ldh`dg|# mh` dh mjdzpedh( ZB Jecc~zd~dhohp| joceoyo vbmp Mcmh Fuppgmlboz d^cmhho` ^mzohpbdd` |me`; Po dhc myohuo volduc` pzmyoc pd veh pbo jmppco dz mjdzpedh dh `o'gmh` e| pbzdufb |or o`ulmpedh( Pe| Jecc yedcmpo|pbo zefbp| d ~mzohp| jolmu|o pbo vecc hdp jo mc'cdvo` pd zogdyo pboez lbec`zoh zdg pbo |or o`u'lmpedh lcm||o| vepbdup joehf |oyozoc ~uhe|bo`(

Ldhpzmlo~pedh( Pe| ZB Jecc vecc oh|uzo pbmpldhpzmlo~pedh mh` mjdzpedh'lmu|ehf `zuf| vecc

idd` pbo ^bece~~eho|( Lbec`zoh vepb hd cdvoz mfocegep vecc jo mccdvo` pd fop ldhpzmlo~pedh vepbduppboez ~mzohp| ahdvco`fo dz ldh|ohp# yedcmpehf pbozefbp| d pbo ~mzohp| pd zme|o pboez lbec`zoh vepbpboez dvh ymcuo|( \~dh|dz| d pbo ZB Jecc mccofopbmp ep vecc ~zoyohp mjdzpedh| pbzdufb pbo ve`o'|~zom` ~zdgdpedh d ldhpzmlo~pedh( Bdvoyoz#pbo ahdv pbe| e| hdp pzuo( Po _hepo` \pmpo| bm|bm` pdpmc ldhpzmlo~pedh dz dzp omz|# mh` gd|pvdgoh djpmehehf mjdzpedh| vozo u|ehf ldhpzm'lo~pedh vboh pbo fdp ~zofhmhp# jolmu|o pbozo

PBO ZB JECC;

Copbmc Ehkolpedh ehpd

pbo \duc dpbo ^bece~~eho|J Jzemh Lcdvo|

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IzdhpCeho| \uggoz :>== s =% 9::'?:95

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