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LAKSHMI NARAYAN COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

PROJECT REPORT ONNETWORKING(INFRASTRUCTURE)

6/24/2010

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Mohd. Anis Shibi Choudhary

IT Manager-TCS

TTSL BHOPAL


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INDEX

1. Acknowledgement.

2. CertificateofApproval.

3. TATA Teleservices Limited.

4. Introduction.

5. Basicsofnetworking.

6. RJ-45.

7. Switchconfiguration

8. V-Lan


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KNOWLEDGEMENT

Nocreationinthisworldisasoloeffortandneitheristhisproject. I would beveryremissifI didnotthankmanypeoplewhohavehelpedmedirectlyorindirectlytosurvivetheproject.

InparticularI wouldliketothank:

Information Technology HeadMr. DeepanjanNathforbeingtrulygenerousandallowingmetoworkinhis

department.

Information Technology ManagerMohd. Anisforallowingmetodotheprojectintherespectivedepartment.

My sincere thanks toMohd. Anis (IT Manager-TCS) for theconstantenormous

supportthroughthethickandthinandpolishingituntilitshines.

While talkingabout football forany tediousworkwesay bend it like Beckhamsowasthecasehereworkingwith TTSL, wheneverI hadanyproblemMr. Rajeshpandey (Network Manager) wasalwayshere togiveahelpinghandandpixilate

theproblem. Soformeit became benditlike Rajesh Sir.

I always believe in transforming things in theireasiestpossiblestateand I thankMr. Mohd Anisforallowingmeworkmyway.

Godhelpthosewhohelpthemselves butintechnicalfieldwesaygodhelpthosewhoarehelped by Help Desk. Theseveryimportantpeoplefulfilledtheredutiesinallaspect. So myspecialvotesof thanks toMr. Ganesh More, Mrs. Babita

Diwakaran and Mr. Wasim Khan.

A healthy environmentplays a vital role in the functionality of any companyTeam TTSL Bhopalproves it right! I would take the opportunity to thank andappreciateall thosewhohavegivenmea friendlyworkingenvironmentwhere Ienjoyed learning. I have a list to thank people for this favor Mrs. PriyankaParmar, Mr. Vivek Upadhayay.


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I thank the facultyof mycollege forkeeping me updatedwith the scopeof mysubjectwhichhelpedmealotduringthetrainingandmydearfriendsforkeepmegoing.

Familycomesfirst buthere I ammentioningthemintheend becausetheirsupporthasalways beenandwillalways bethelayingstoneofanywork I do. So I thankmyfamilywithallmyheartforencouragingandsupportingmealways.


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CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

This is to certify that Ms.Shibi Choudhary of Lakshmi

Narayan College Of Technology, Bhopal (M.P.) have completed

their training and project on NETWORKING

(INFRASTRUCTURE) during the session 24/06/10 to 24/07/10

and have submitted satisfactory report in this volume for the

partial fulfillment of Bachelor Of Engineering granted by RGPV,

Bhopal (M.P.).

[COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING]

Mohd. Anis Mr. Deepanjan Nath

(IT Manager-TCS) (IT Head- TCS)

Mr. Rajesh Pandey Mr. Ganesh Moore

(Network Manager) (Helpdesk Engg.)


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TATA TELESERVICES LIMITED

Tata Teleservices Limitedspearheadsthe Tata Groupspresenceinthetelecomsector. The Tata Grouphadrevenuesofaround US $75 billioninfinancialyear2008-09, andincludesover90 companies, over350,000 employeesworldwideandmorethan 3.5 millionshareholders.

Incorporatedin 1996, Tata Teleservices Limitedisthepioneerofthe CDMA 1xtechnologyplatformin India. IthasembarkedonagrowthpathsincetheacquisitionofHughes Tele.com(India) Ltd [renamed Tata Teleservices(Maharashtra) Limited] bythe Tata Groupin 2002. Itlaunchedmobileoperationsin January 2005 underthe brand Tata Indicomandtodayenjoysapan-IndiapresencethroughexistingoperationsinallofIndias 22 telecom Circles. Thecompanyisalsothemarketleaderinthefixedwirelesstelephonymarketwithits

brand Walky. Thecompanyhasrecentlyintroducedthe brand Photontoprovidea

varietyofoptionsforwirelessmobile broadbandaccess. Thecompanysnetworkhas beenratedasthe Least Congestedin Indiaforlastfiveconsecutivequarters

bythe Telecom

RegulatoryAuthorityofIndiathroughindependentsurveys.Tata Teleservices Limitednowalsohasapresenceinthe GSM space, throughitsjointventurewithNTT DOCOMO ofJapan, andoffersdifferentiatedproductsandservicesunderthe TATA DOCOMO brandname. TATA DOCOMO arisesoutofthe Tata Groupsstrategicalliancewith JapanesetelecommajorNTT DOCOMOinNovember2008. TATA DOCOMO hasreceivedapan-Indialicensetooperate

GSM telecomservicesandhasalso beenallottedspectrumin 18 telecom Circles.Thecompanyhasrolledout GSM servicesin 14 ofIndias 22 telecom Circlesinaquickspanofundersixmonths. Thecompanyplanstolaunchpan-Indiaoperations

bytheendofFY 2009-10.


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TATA DOCOMO marksasignificantmilestoneinthe Indiantelecomlandscape,andhasalreadyredefinedtheveryfaceoftelecomsin India, beingthefirsttopioneertheper-secondtariffoptionpartofits PayforWhat You Usepricingparadigm. Tokyo-basedNTTisoneoftheworldsleadingmobileoperatorsinthe Japanesemarket, thecompanyistheclearmarketleader, used byover50 percentofthecountrys

mobilephoneusers.

Today, Tata Teleservices Limited, alongwith Tata Teleservices(Maharashtra)Limited, servesover58 millioncustomersinmorethan 410,000 townsandvillagesacrossthecountry, witha bouquetoftelephonyservicesencompassingmobileservices, wirelessdesktopphones, public boothtelephony, wirelineservicesandenterprisesolutions.

In December2008, Tata Teleservices Limitedannouncedauniquereverseequityswapstrategicagreement betweenitstelecomtowersubsidiary, Wireless TT Info-Services Limited, and Quippo Telecom Infrastructure Limitedwiththecombinedentitykickingoffoperationsinearly 2009 with 18,000 towers, thereby becomingthelargestindependententityinthisspaceandwiththehighesttenancyratiosin

theindustry. The WTTIL-Quippocombineistargetingover50,000 towers bytheendofFY 2010-11.


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INTRODUCTION

"Wethinkwestartedwithsoundandstraightforward businessprinciples,consideringtheinterestsoftheshareholders, ourownandthehealthandwelfareoftheemployeesthesurefoundationofoursuccess."

JamsetjiNusserwanji Tata, Founder, Tata Group

R.M. Lala, authorofvariouscriticallyacclaimed booksonthe Tata Grouphas, inanarticlein The Hindu, clearlydefined businessethicsfromthe Tata Groupperspective. Hesaysthatinthepublicmind, ethicsin businessismainlyidentified

withfinancialintegrity, buttherealmeaningofethicsgoes beyondthat. Thedictionarydefinesethicsasthescienceofmoralsinhumanconduct, amoralprincipleorcode. Businessethicslaysdownhowapersonin businessdealswithhisorhercolleagues, staffandworkers, shareholders, customers, thecommunity,thegovernment, theenvironmentandeventhenationatlarge.

As Tata Teleservices Limitedwearepartofthelargerwholethatis Tata Group;andas TTSLiteswehavetoensurethatweupholdthehigheststandardsof

businesspracticesandhumanethicsthathave beenset bythe Tatasovertheyears.

Inanyfastmovingindustry, especiallyoneasdynamicastelecom, therearetimeswhenyoumight betemptedtotakeshortcutsforthesakeofgrowth. However,manyatimestheseshortcutsmaybeunethicalandagainstthenormsofbusinessethicswhichexistwithinthe Groupandtheworldoutside. The Tata CodeofConductclearlydefinestheideal behaviorandethicsthatevery Tataemployeeshouldfollowinhis/herdaytodaywork.

If, inyourdailycourseoflifehereat TTSL, youseesomeonetakingthoseshortcutsandviolatingwhatweasapartofthe Tata Groupandasdecenthuman

beingsstandfortakeastandand blowthewhistle;itistherightthingtodo!Speakoutforwhatisrightandreportanyviolationofourethicalstandards.Clickthe Ethics Violationlinkbelowtoreportaviolationyouhaveobserved.

Ethics Violation

Trustustodotherightthingforweexpectyoutodothesame.Ethics:(defn.)


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1. Thedisciplinedealingwithwhatisgoodand badandwithmoraldutyandobligation

2. Asetofmoralprinciples:atheoryorsystemofmoralvalues

3. Theprinciplesofconductgoverninganindividualoragroup

4. Aguidingphilosophy(Source: Merriam-Websters Online DictionaryPhilosophySharpeningthesawistheessenceoflife. Itisimperativetocreatetimetorenewknowledge, skillsandallowoneselftheopportunitytoformnewmentalframes."

TheroleofLearningand Developmentteamwill betoformallycreatethis

opportunityofrenewalandcontinuouslearningforteammembers, leadingtoimprovedorganizationalandindividualeffectiveness.

Key Highlights

Trainingstrategyfinalizedandreadyforrollout. Gyan Tarangreleasedandrolledourforall TTSL employees. Thisapplication

aimsatconsolidatingthe Talentin TTSL. SixskilldevelopmenttrainingprogramsorganizedforGM andaboveemployees.Someofthekeyprogramswere FinanceforStrategic Decisionmaking,Breakthrough Leadership, Strategic Planningand Leadershipskills. Induction Dates Standardizedand Prereadmaterialuploadedonintranet. Trainingcalendarpublishedonintranetsothatitiseasilyaccessibletoall TTSLemployees.


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SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS IN TATA:-

1. OS/windows 7(Enterprise).

2. MS-Office 2007.

3. OCS (Office Communicator).

4. Print Manager.

5. E-attendance.

6. Acrobat Reader

7. WinZip 14.1.


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BASICS OF NETWORKING

# NETWORK TOPOLOGY:-

1. Bustopology.

2. Startopology

3. Meshtopology.

4. Hybridtopology.

5. Ringtopology.

# OSI-MODEL:-

OSI stands for open system interconnection reference model.The Open SystemInterconnection (OSI) reference modeldescribes how information from a software

application in one computer moves through a network medium to a software

application in another computer. The OSI reference model is a conceptual model

composed of seven layers, each specifying particular network functions. The

model was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

in 1984, and it is now considered the primary architectural model for inter-

computer communications. The OSI model divides the tasks involved with moving

information between networked computers into seven smaller, more manageable

task groups. A task or group of tasks is then assigned to each of the seven OSI

layers. Each layer is reasonably self-contained so that the tasks assigned to each

layer can be implemented independently. This enables the solutions offered by

one layer to be updated without adversely affecting the other layers.


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The seven layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) reference model:

Applicationlayer.

Presentationlayer.

Sessionlayer.

Transportlayer.

Networklayer.

Datalinklayer.

Physicallayer.

CHARACTERISTICS OF OSI LAYER:-

Thesevenlayersofthe OSI referencemodelcan bedividedintotwocategories:upperlayersandlowerlayers.

Theupper layersofthe OSI modeldealwithapplicationissuesandgenerallyareimplementedonlyinsoftware. Thehighestlayer, theapplicationlayer, isclosesttotheenduser. Bothusersandapplicationlayerprocessesinteractwithsoftwareapplicationsthatcontainacommunicationscomponent. Thetermupperlayerissometimesusedtorefertoanylayeraboveanotherlayerinthe OSI model.

Thelower layersofthe OSI modelhandledatatransportissues. Thephysicallayerandthedatalinklayerareimplementedinhardwareandsoftware. Thelowestlayer, thephysicallayer, isclosesttothephysicalnetworkmedium


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(thenetworkcabling, forexample) andisresponsibleforactuallyplacinginformationonthemedium.

Information being transferred from a software application in one computer

system to a software application in another must pass through the OSI layers. Forexample, if a software application in System A has information to transmit to a

software application in System B, the application program in System A will pass its

information to the application layer (Layer 7) of System A. The application layer

then passes the information to the presentation layer (Layer 6), which relays the

data to the session layer (Layer 5), and so on down to the physical layer (Layer 1).

At the physical layer, the information is placed on the physical network medium

and is sent across the medium to System B. The physical layer of System B

removes the information from the physical medium, and then its physical layer

passes the information up to the data link layer (Layer 2), which passes it to thenetwork layer (Layer 3), and so on, until it reaches the application layer (Layer 7)

of System B. Finally, the application layer of System B passes the information to

the recipient application program to complete the communication process.

# NETWORKING DEVICES:-

1.Switches:-Inelectronics, aswitchisanelectricalcomponentthatcan breakan

electricalcircuit, interruptingthecurrentordivertingitfromoneconductor

toanother.[1][2]

Themostfamiliarformofswitchisamanuallyoperated

electromechanicaldevicewithoneormoresetsofelectricalcontacts. Each

setofcontactscan beinoneoftwostates:either 'closed' meaningthe

contactsaretouchingandelectricitycanflow betweenthem, or 'open',

meaningthecontactsareseparatedandnonconducting.


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2.Routers:-Anetwork switchisasmallhardwaredevicethatjoinsmultiplecomputerstogetherwithinonelocalareanetwork(LAN). Technically, networkswitchesoperateatlayertwo(Data LinkLayer) ofthe OSI model.

Networkswitchesappearnearlyidenticaltonetworkhubs, butaswitch

generallycontainsmoreintelligence(andaslightlyhigherpricetag) thanahub.Unlikehubs, networkswitchesarecapableofinspectingdatapacketsastheyarereceived, determiningthesourceanddestinationdeviceofeachpacket, andforwardingthemappropriately. Bydeliveringmessagesonlytotheconnecteddeviceintended, anetworkswitchconservesnetworkbandwidthandoffersgenerally betterperformancethanahub.


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RJ-45

The RJ-45 connector is commonly used for network cabling and fortelephony applications. It's also used for serial connections in special

cases.

RJ-45 Cables

Thereare 3 maintypesofRJ-45 cablesthatyouwillrunacrossinnetworking, both

LANand WAN.

y Straight-throughy Crossovery Rolled

Toidentifythe RJ-45 cabletype, holdthetwoendsofthecablenexttoeachother

soyoucanseethecoloredwiresinsidetheends.

ExaminethesequenceofcoloredwirestodeterminethetypeofRJ-45 cable, asfollows:

y Straight-throughthecoloredwiresareinthesamesequenceat bothends

ofthecable.y Crossoverthefirst(farleft) coloredwireatoneendofthecableisthe

thirdcoloredwireattheotherendofthecable.y Rolledthecoloredwiresatoneendofthecableareinthereverse

sequenceofthecoloredwiresattheotherendofthecable.


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Thesequenceofwiresforestablishingtheconnectionisasfollows:-

1. Whiteoforange.2. Orange.3. Whiteofgreen.4. Blue.5. Whiteofblue6. Green.7. Whiteofbrown.8. Brown.

# STATIC CABLE MAKING:-

Stepsformaking Staticcable:-

1. Cutthecableusingtheclippingtoolandaligntheminorder, cuttheminsamelevel, nowwithtoolputallthewiresin RJ-45 connector.

2. Colorshould beinorderotherwisethecablemadewill beofnouse.

#CROSS CABLE: -

Stepsformakingcrosscable:

1. Onesidewillinorderofstaticcableorder.2. Secondsideorderwill bechangedasfollows-- Whiteofgreen.- Green- Whiteoforange.

- Blue.- Whiteofblue.

- Orange.- Whiteofbrown.- Brown.


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SWITCH CONFIGURATION

#. HOW TO CONFIGURE IP ADDRESS OF A SWITCH:-

Tostartthe HYPER TERMINAL

1. Goto Start ProgramsAccessoriesCommunicationHyperTerminal.2. Giveanyusernamesay XYZ.3. Clickon DefaultsettingsandclickOK.4. Hit entertostarttheprocessing.

USERACCESS VERIFICATION

Username:

Password:

-Type entoenabletheconfiguration.

Password:

-Type shruntoshowtherunningconfiguration.

-Type congifttoconfiguretheterminal.

Now Give CommandsAs Follows:-

Config()#hostnamettsl

ttsl(config)#interfacefastethernet 0/1

ttsl(config-if)#description ***SHIBI***

ttsl(config-if)#exit

ttsl(config)#vlan 1(IP addresswithsubnetaddress)


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Weassign IP toonlyone V-lanandtogiveaccesstootherportsweneedtomakethemthememberofthatoneport.CommandtomakethememberofV-LAN:-

Switchportaccessvlan 6

y Switchcan beaccessedintwowaysafteritisconfigured:-

1. Through TELNET:- In TELNET, weaccessthrough LAN. Tomakesomeoranynumberofusersgainaccesstotheswitch, thecommandisasfollows-

Linevty 0 4[Thiswillallowfiveuserstogainaccess.]

Toaccess TELNET, firstwearerequiredtogiveapasswordas-

Password XYZ

Thengotostartruntypecmdtypetelnet.

Thenitwillaskforthepassword, enterthepasswordyouhaveassigned

earlier. Onlyafterenteringthepasswordwecangainaccesstotheswitch.

2. Through CONSOLE:- Inserttheconsolecableintheconsoleportoftheswitchandoneendconnectedtothesystem. Nowwecangainaccesstotheswitch.


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V-LAN

A Local Area Network (LAN) was originally defined as a network of computers

located within the same area. Today, Local Area Networks are defined as a single

broadcast domain. This means that if a user broadcasts information on his/herLAN, the broadcast will be received by every other user on the LAN. Broadcasts

are prevented from leaving a LAN by using a router. The disadvantage of this

method is routers usually take more time to process incoming data compared to a

bridge or a switch. More importantly, the formation of broadcast domains

depends on the physical connection of the devices in the network. Virtual Local

Area Networks (VLAN's) were developed as an alternative solution to using

routers to contain broadcast traffic.

Inatraditional LAN, workstationsareconnectedtoeachotherbymeansofahuborarepeater. Thesedevicespropagateanyincomingdatathroughoutthenetwork.However, iftwopeopleattempttosendinformationatthesametime, acollisionwilloccurandallthetransmitteddatawill belost. Oncethecollisionhasoccurred,itwillcontinueto bepropagatedthroughoutthenetworkbyhubsandrepeaters.Theoriginalinformationwillthereforeneedto beresentafterwaitingforthecollisionto beresolved, therebyincurringasignificantwastageoftimeandresources. Topreventcollisionsfromtravelingthroughalltheworkstationsinthenetwork, a bridgeoraswitchcan beused. Thesedeviceswillnotforwardcollisions, butwillallow broadcasts(toeveryuserinthenetwork) andmulticasts

(toapre-specifiedgroupofusers) topassthrough. Aroutermay beusedtopreventbroadcastsandmulticastsfromtravelingthroughthenetwork.

Theworkstations, hubs, andrepeaterstogetherforma LANsegment. A LANsegmentisalsoknownasacollisiondomainsincecollisionsremainwithinthesegment. Theareawithinwhich broadcastsandmulticastsareconfinediscalleda

broadcastdomainorLAN. Thusa LANcanconsistofoneormore LANsegments.Defining broadcastandcollisiondomainsina LANdependsonhowtheworkstations, hubs, switches, androutersarephysicallyconnectedtogether. This

meansthateveryoneona LANmust belocatedinthesamearea .


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VLAN's allow a network manager to logically segment a LAN into different

broadcast domains (see Figure2). Since this is a logical segmentation and not a

physical one, workstations do not have to be physically located together. Users on

different floors of the same building, or even in different buildings can now

belong to the same LAN.

Logical View


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Physical View

VLAN's offer a number of advantages over traditional LAN's. They are:

1) Performance.

2) FormationofVirtual Workgroups.

3) SimplifiedAdministration.

4) Reduced Cost.

5) Security.


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#. V-LAN CONFIGURATION:-

Username:

Password:

switch>en

Password:

switch#configt

Enterconfigurationcommands, oneperline. Endwith CNTL/Z.

UserAccess Verification

Username:

Password:

switch>en

Password:

switch#configt


switch(config)#hostnameswitch

switch(config)#hostnameswitch

switch(config)#vlan 10

switch(config-vlan)#namecs

switch(config-vlan)#exit


switch(config-vlan)#nameit


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switch(config-vlan)#nameec


switch#

switch#configt


switch(config)#interfacefastethernet 0/1

switch(config-if)#description ***cs***

switch(config-if)#switchportmodeaccess

switch(config-if)#switchportaccessvlan 10

switch(config-if)#exit


switch(config-if)#description ***cs1***









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switch(config-if)#description ***it***





switch(config-if)#description ***it1***
















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switch(config-if)#description ***ec***





switch(config-if)#description ***ec1***








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switch(config)#exit

switch#configt

switch(config)#interfacevlan 10

switch(config-if)#172.18.100.263 255.255.255.2


switch(config)#exit

switch#

*Mar 1 01:31:08: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configuredfromconsole byhelpdeskonconsol

eshowvlan


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VLANName Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- ------------------------------

1 default active

3 HSRP_Zone active

6 VLAN0006 active

7 Franchisee active

8 OMC_Zone active

9 Internet_Zone active

10 cs active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4

Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7

20 it active Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11

Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15

30 ec active Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19

Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23

Fa0/24

1002 fddi-default act/unsup

1003 token-ring-default act/unsup

1004 fddinet-default act/unsup

1005 trnet-default act/unsup

VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1Trans2

switch#[Bswitch(config)#interfacegigabitethernet 0/


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THANK YOU.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://social.msdn.microsoft.com

http://www.tek-tips.com/

http://slacksite.com/


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http://www.devasp.net/net/articles/

http://www.tatainteractive.com

http://telespace:8080/default.aspx

c# by oreilly

http://www.webwizguide.com/kb/asp_tutorials/add_to_database.asp

http://www.microsoft.com/

http://www.dealing-with-data.net/index.html

http://www.asptutorial.info/learn/OpenReadCreate-files.html

http://172.17.14.119/crtool/cr_process.asp

http://www.wikipiedia.com

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