upwelling di laut selatan cina

7/23/2019 Upwelling Di Laut Selatan Cina

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AMNAGL[A _XZODDAMJ NA XOYLAYLM DL_^ KAML [ODL^LMDa~oyl~uy amnagl{a _xzoddamj na xoylaylm dlu~ kaml {odl~lm

Lyu{ xoca{lelm nlm uxzoddamj l~l{ ylg ômjjlylPao~mlc na Dlu~ Kaml [odl~lm

Kelmj{eomj Keom$ <$9Reajlmj Dla$ <$; Yfioy~ K- Iolyn{doq$ > \akeum Uu$ < Euakelm Dam$<lmn Mjuqom ^yumj Pao~ ? Comoyacl <5 Clyo~ 98<<- yopa{a 9< Blmulya 98<97 na~oyacl ~lmjjld ;8 Blmulya 98<97 Na~oyia~glm 9< Clyo~ 98<9-

LI[^YLG_m~ug cocoyag{l coglma{co à{ag qlmj comqoiliglm lyu{ xoca{lelm nlm uxzoddamj qlmj nalcl~a na

ylg ômjjlyl Pao~mlc na Dlu~ Kaml [odl~lm- @PKFC comql~lglm ilezl lyu{ xoca{lelm doxl{ xlm~lana cu{ac xlml{ nlxl~ na{oiliglm fdoe xoy~oculm iufqlmkq#nyapom go lyle {odl~lm {oxlmblmj#ylg gul{a#

jof{~yfxea kkfl{~ld nlya u~lyl nlm mfy~eol{~zlyn iufqlmkqnyapom$ {oy~l lyu{ ioy~amjgl~ xl{lmj {uyu~nlya {fu~ezo{~- Nldlc gl{u{ ama$ yog~aàgl{a xl{lmj {uyu~$ noia~ {umjla nlm ilyfco~ya dfgld coclamglm

xoylm xom~amj nldlc comamjgl~glm gonul lyu{ xlm~la {odlcl cu{ac xlml{ qlmj ioy~amjgl~ gfmna{a-

Yo{fdu{a ~amjja$ ~oy{~yug~uy jyan eamjjl#Pfduco gfcuma~l{ Fkolm Cfnod %@PKFC! najumlglm um~ug cocoyag{l coglma{co à{ag qlmj comqoiliglm lyu{ xoca{lelm nlm uxzoddamj l~l{ ylg ômjjlyl Pao~mlc naDlu~ Kaml [odl~lm %[K[!- Xyf{o{ ioyfyaom~l{a xoykfillm comqlylmglm ilezl lmjam cu{fm {fu~ezo{~oydq lnldlecoglma{co à{ag gumka um~ug uxzoddamj na nloyle a~u$ ~o~lxa iuglm coyuxlglm xyl{qlyl~ um~ug comqoiliglmlyu{ xoca{lelm- Nomjlm lmjam ~anlg coclg{l$ lyu{ xoca{lelm na cu{ac xlml{ nlxl~ ~oyblna {oiljla lgail~xoybucxllm lyu{ xo{a{ay go lyle {odl~lm {oxlmblmj ylg nlya u~lyl nlm mfy~eol{~zlyn lxumj#nyapom nlm ioydlxa{naxoyilaga xl{lmj lyu{ nlya {fu~ezo{~- [ll~ ama go {odl~lm nlxl~ na~odu{uya Eudu [umjla Efmj na ôdug ^fmgam-[ll~ ama nanfcaml{a fdoe {ocajof{~yfxeak namlcagl nlm nail~l{a um~ug ylg {ocxa~ {oxlmblmj xo{a{ay Pao~mlc_~lyl- Lyu{ mfy~eol{~zlyn nael{adglm fdoe yog~aàgl{a xl{lmj#{uyu~ nlm na~amjgl~glm fdoe [umjla Cogfmjxodoxl{lm nlm coclg{l lmjam cu{fm {fu~ezo{~oydq- Namlcagl qlmj comjomnldaglm lyu{ ama {oxomuemqlmfmdamaoy$ nomjlm gfm~yaiu{a qlmj {ajmaàglm nlya lnpok~afm nlm xomklcxuylm ioyjfdlg poy~agld- _xzoddamj na

rfml xoca{lelm ama nlxl~ naxyfnug{a fdoe dlnlmj lmjam gfm{~lm {xl{ald {oyljlc nlm nlxl~ nabodl{glmcomjjumlglm lmjam#amnukon Ogclm ~ylm{xfy~l{a ~ofya {onoyelml- ôculm ama ioyionl nlya {oioducmql ~ofya naclml yojafmld naxfd lmjam {~yo{ kuyd nagdlac {oiljla coglma{co gumka um~ug lyu{ xoca{lelm nlm uxzoddamj nazadlqle xlm~la ama- Glca @PKFC [K[$ nanfyfmj fdoe lmjam {~yo{$ noia~ {umjla nlm fcilg$ clcxuioyoxyfnug{a$ dfgl{a nlm na{~yaiu{a doxl{ xlm~la danle#{oxoy~a {ueu {oxoy~a qlmj ~oydael~ xlnl ka~yl {ueuxoycugllm dlu~ ioyl{ld {l~oda~-Gu~axlm2 Keom$ K-$ R- Dla$ Y- K- Iolyn{doq$ ~- Uu$ E- Dam nlm M- ^- Pao~ %98<9!$ lyu{ xoca{lelm nlm uxzoddamjl~l{ ylg ômjjlyl Pao~mlc na Dlu~ Kaml [odl~lm$ B- Jofxeq{- Yo{-$ <<:$ K8;8;;$ nfa2<8-<891 & 98<<BK88:<?8-

<- XomnleudulmGul~ uxzoddamj ioydlgu {oxlmblmj xlm~la ~omjjlyl Pao~mlc na Dlu~ Kaml [odl~lm %[K[! {odlcl cu{ac

xlml{ %jlcily <!- _xzoddamj ama bodl{ nldlc dlu~ ioyl{ld {l~oda~ {ueu xoycugllm %[[^! jlcily {oiljla rfml laynamjam qlmj codul{ doxl{ xlm~la na zadlqle go lyle {odl~lm %[odl~lm <9! W^lmj o~ ld-$ 988>7 Nfg~fyjylno{$ 98857

Ela o~ ld-$ 98<8S- [gldl {xl{ald nlm am~om{a~l{ uxzoddamj comumbugglm {ajmaàglm blmjgl xomnog %uyu~lm elya! nlmplyaliada~l{ cu{aclm %jlcily 9!- [ueu na rfml uxzoddamj lnldle ial{lmql 9>#9? K$ qlmj coyuxlglm ; ‛ ? Kdoiae namjam nlya lay {oga~lymql- Xyf{o{ à{ag qlmj comnfyfmj xociom~uglm uxzoddamj ama ~odle na~oda~a nldlc{~una ~ofya~a{ nlm mucoyag Wca{ldmql$ [elz nlm Kelf$ <11>7 Uao o~ ld-$ 988;7 Jlm nlm \u$ 9885S- [~una amacomqlylmglm ilezl uxzoddamj na zadlqle xo{a{ay a~u lnldle el{ad nlya yo{xfm [lcunoyl ioydlxa{ um~ug naamnug{acfm{um dfgld naxfd lmjam {~yo{ kuyd na nloyle xo{a{ay nomjlm ~ail#~ail xoyuilelm na ilzle ~fxfjylà- Lmjam naxfdkuyd {~yo{ comqoiliglm doxl{ xlm~la lyu{ xoca{lelm nlm nomjlm nocagalm uxzoddamj na glzl{lm xo{a{ay qlmjclml ~fxfjylà gfm~uy comqacxlmj go lyle {odl~lm-

Glca uo{~afm ama comju{udglm coglma{co um~ug ioioylxl ldl{lm- Qlmj xoy~lcl lnldle ilezl nalxayqlmj nalcl~a nldlc ioyl{ld {l~oda~ [[^ jlcily cumkud {oiljla à~uy {gldl dfgld nlyaxlnl lklyl ioy{gldl io{ly-Qlmj gonul lnldle ilezl ldaylm na zadlqle a~u nanfyfmj fdoe gfciaml{a namlcag xyf{o{ doiae gfcxdog{nlyaxlnl {aygudl{a nanfyfmj lmjam- Qlmj go~ajl lnldle ilezl lmjam naxfd {~yo{ kuyd ianlmj qlmj najumlglmnldlc {~una ama {oioducmql nailmjum comjjumlglm MKOX yolmldq{a{ nl~l nomjlm yo{fdu{a efya{fm~ld <$55 <-55$

qlmj cumjgam comlg{ay ~oydldu ~amjja {gldl {xl{ald lmjam {~yo{ kuyd glyoml guylmjmql yo{fdu{a efya{fm~- Glca~odle



Jlcily <- Xo~l nlya ilyl~ dlu~ Kaml [odl~lm ~oycl{ug ôdug ^fmgam$ xudlu Elamlm$ nlm Pao~mlc nomjlm xfdl {aygudl{acu{ac xlml{ {keocl~aron comjjumlglm Kaml xo{a{ay @PKFC cfnod fu~xu~ nlm {l{~yl qlmj ~oygla~ nomjlm xomjlcl~lm-Gf~lg am{o~ lnldle il~l{ {uiàjuyo- â~ag coyle gokad coyuxlglm dfgl{a nlya [~l{aum [fm~lq nlm Elmfa na [umjla Efmj nlm[~l{aum âom nlm Elu na [umjla Cogfmj- â~ag coyle io{ly coyuxlglm dfgl{a nlya ldl~ xomjuguy xl{lmj {uyu~ na Klc Ylmenlm Pumj ^lu- [oja~ajl coyle coyuxlglm dfgl{a nlya {a~u{ L$ I$ nlm K najumlglm nldlc lmjgl <9 nlm <;- Blduy coylelnldle iljalm qlmj najumlglm um~ug comjjlcily jlcily <8- Jlya{ klelql iayu comumbugglm 98$ ?8$ <88$ 988$ <888$ 9888$;888$ nlm >888 c gonldlclm gfm~uy-

naea~umj udlmj xoycugllm lmjam {~yo{ kuyd ianlmj comjjumlglm MKOX yolmldq{a{ 0 xoy blc lmjam nl~l um~ug xoyafno <11?##988?- _m~ug Lju{~u{$ ca{ldmql$ plyal{a {xl{ald kdacl~fdfjaklddq iudlmlm yl~l#yl~l lmjam na nloylexo{a{ay ilyl~ nlql yodl~a` gokad gokulda xoyionllm lm~lyl ~lmle nlm dlu~ %jlcily ;l!- Co{gaxum ~anlg {o{ula um~ug comjea~umj kuyd {~yo{ lmjam dlu~ qlmj comjjumlglm nl~l ~lmle$ kuyd naea~umj ~oycl{ug ~lmle nl~l ~anlg comjel{adglm {~yug~uy naxfd nanoàma{aglm nomjlm ilag$ nomjlm madla clg{acuc kuyd elmql <-0 <8 : Xl&c %lmjgl;i!- Comjjumlglm Ogclm cocfcxl xoy{lcllm z 3 kuyd%~&y`!#glca naxoygaylglm gokoxl~lm clg{acucuxzoddamj elyu{ ?-9 <8 > kc&{$ qlmj ~lcxlgmql ~oydldu gokad um~ug comqoiliglm à~uy nalxay qlmj na~lcxadglmnldlc jlcily [[^ ioyl{ld {l~oda~ %jlcily 9!-

[o~odle {~una {oioducmql nadlguglm$ eajeyo{fdu~afm %8$9? 8$9?! xoy blc 0 cud~a{l~odda~o ioyl{ld nlya)naklcxuy) lmjam xyfnug comblna ~oy{onal um~ug <11?#988? xoyafno WRelmj o~ ld-$ 9880S- Kuyd {~yo{ lmjam



nael{adglm ^lcxadglm {~yug~uy nano`ama{aglm nomjlm ilag naxfd doxl{ xlm~la ~omjjlyl Pao~mlc %lmjgl ;k ‛ ;n!$~o~lxa madla clg{acuc kuyd %;$5 <8 : Xl&c! nldlc uyu~lm io{lymql {lcl {oxoy~a qlmj na~ocuglm na MKOX lmjam{~yo{ kuyd ianlmj- Gokoxl~lm poy~agld qlmj naxoygaylglm fdoe Ogclm cocfcxl lnldle <$9 <8 ; kc&{$ qlmjcoyuxlglm `lg~fy nul doiae io{ly nlyaxlnl qlmj nael{adglm fdoe MKOX lmjam {~yo{ kuyd- Jlya{ xoyil~l{lmioyfyaom~l{a ~acuy dlu~ na lm~lyl xf{a~a` nlm mojl~a` {~yo{ kuyd$ Mlcum$ ~oydo~lg blue na [odl~lm %58 ‛ 988 gc!yodl~a` go dfgl{a clml uxzoddamj ~oynamjam lay nalcl~a nldlc jlcily [[^ ioyl{ld {l~oda~- Bagl ama lmjam {~yo{ kuyd

bujl comnfyfmj lyu{ xoca{lelm$ gocunalm nldlc gl{u{ ama$ uxzoddamj ~anlg cumkud {oiljla `a~uy na rfmlxoca{lelm ama-Glca lmlda{a{ {~una {oioducmql na zadlqle ama comaciudglm nul xoy~lmqllm na {ama2 %<! ia{l uxzoddamj nanfyfmjfdoe lmjam {xl{ald {oyljlc nlm %9! lyu{ xoca{lelm nlxl~ ~oyblna na cu{ac xlml{ nomjlm ~anlg lnlmql lmjamcoclg{l6

Jlcily 9- [l~oda~ qlmj na~uyumglm [[^ jlcily f`` xlm~la ~omjjlyl Pao~mlc xlnl <; Lju{~u{ 988;$ 99 Lju{~u{ 988?$ <;Buda 9885$ nlm <0 Buda 9885- Nl~l {l~oda~ qlmj D9 xyfnug nlya cfnoyl~ Yo{fdu~afm Acljamj [q{~oc %CFNA[! nfzmdfln nlyaML[L zoi{a~o %dael~ e~~x2&&fkolmkfdfy-j{`k- ml{l-jfp!-

Gfm~yaiu{a lmjam {xl{ald {oyljlc um~ug uxzoddamj nlxl~ naxoygaylglm nomjlm comjjumlglm ~ofya ~ylm{xfy~l{aOgclm {onoyelml {oiljla ioyagu~- Lju{~u{#yl~l#yl~l gokoxl~lm lmjam xlnl go~amjjalm <8 c na lyol iodlbly%ioynl{lyglm Xyfnug lmjam <11?#988? )naklcxuy)! lnldle :-8 c&{- Nomjlm {unu~ jlya{ xlm~la :8$0 xlnl <9 M$

~ylm{xfy~l{a Ogclm doxl{ xlm~la xoy uma~ co~oy go lyle {oxlmblmj ylg lnldle <-1> c;&no~ag- Ialyglm dz comblna{gldl {ldai#ylg rfml uxzoddamj nomjlm madla gel{ ?? gc %naxoygaylglm nlya jlcily [[^ ioyl{ld {l~oda~!$ clgl



gokoxl~lm poy~agld l~l{ zadlqle ioyil~l{lm nomjlm doily {ldai#ylg dz nlm xoy uma~ co~oy {oxlmblmj#ylg xlmblmjlnldle uyu~lm ;-? <8 ; kc&{$ qlmj {oga~ly nul glda doiae io{ly nlyaxlnl Ogclm cocfcxl ~amjgl~ naxoygaylglmcomjjumlglm )naklcxuy) lmjam- [gldl lmlda{a{ ama comumbugglm ilezl lmjam {xl{ald {oyljlc clcxucomjel{adglm nalxay qlmj nalcl~a na cu{ac xlml{ nlya jlcily [[^ ioyl{ld {l~oda~-

[oxoy~a qlmj na~umbugglm nldlc {~una {oioducmql$ xoyuilelm koxl~ iom~ug jlya{ xlm~la nlm dfgldil~aco~ya l~l{ ylg ômjjlyl Pao~mlc coclamglm xoylm xom~amj nldlc xociom~uglm lyu{ xoca{lelm nlm

uxzoddamj- ânlg bodl{$ mlcum$ lxlgle l~lu ~anlg naxfd lmjam {~yo{ kuyd lnldle gogul~lm xomnfyfmj gya~a{comqoiliglm lyu{ xoca{lelm doxl{ xlm~la- Lmjam cu{fm {fu~ezo{~oydq ioydlgu na [K[ {odlcl cu{ac xlml{WZqy~ga$ <10<7 [elz nlm Kelf$ <11>7 Keu o~ ld- <115$ <1117 [ea o~ ld-$ 98897 Qlmj o~ ld- 9889S- _xzoddamjlnldle$ iljlaclmlxum$ elmql {ajmaàglm na lyol ~oyil~l{ na rfml xoca{lelm ama %jlcily 9!- Eld ama comumbugglmilezl lnl xyf{o{ à{ag dlammql qlmj cocil~ldglm oòg lmjam uxzoddamj`lpfylido na xo{a{ay eudu na {oxlmblmjPao~mlc _~lyl nlm âcuy- Xoy~lmqllmmql na {ama lnldle2 Bagl xyf{o{ à{ag ama lnl$ ia{l coyogl ioygfm~yaiu{a~oyelnlx xociom~uglm rfml xoca{lelm {ll~ ama na nloyle eaday na {oga~ly << Clyq M6

[K[ nakayaglm fdoe joylg xl{lmj#{uyu~ qlmj gul~ qlmj na{oiliglm fdoe C9$ [9$ M9$ G<$ F< nlm X<nfcamlm gfm{~a~uom W@lmj o~ ld-$ <1117 [ea o~ ld-$ 98897 Iolyn{doq o~ ld-$ 988>7 Nunl nlm Ylampaddo$ 9885S-Co{gaxum lyu{ xl{lmj {uyu~ uyu~lm <8 kc&{ l~lu guylmj {oxlmblmj xo{a{ay {odl~lm Pao~mlc$ yog~aàgl{a xl{lmj{uyu~$ xyf{o{ am~oylg{a mfmdamaoy lyu{ xl{lmj {uyu~ codldua jo{oglm ilzle l~l{ xoyuilelm comnlnlg nldlcil~aco~ya dfgld$ nlxl~ comqoiliglm l{aco~ya{ joylg xl{lmj#{uyu~ nlm nomjlm nocagalm comjel{adglm {a{l ldaylml~lu bo~ {oxlmblmj dfgld ~fxfjylà WEu~emlmko$ <1:;7 Dfnoy$ <1587 [ea o~ ld- 9889S-

Jlcily ;- Na{~yaiu{a Lju{~u{ iudlmlm yl~l#yl~l lmjam gokoxl~lm pog~fy xlnl go~amjjalm <8 c nlm lmjam {~yo{ kuyd xlnlxoycugllm dlu~ nael{adglm nlya %l$ i! MKOX yolmldq{a{ nlm nl~lil{o naklcxuy %k$ n!-Go~agl lay ioy~amjgl~ na cu{ac xlml{$ lyu{ ama {a{l nlxl~ na~amjgl~glm {oxlmblmj doyomj {oiljla lgail~ nlyaioydlxa{ yog~aàgl{a xl{lmj WCll{ nlm Raccoyclm$ <1517 Keom nlm Iolyn{doq$ <11?$ <115S- Lxlgle xyf{o{xocio~udlm xl{lmj mfmdamaoy ama ioygfm~yaiu{a lyu{ xoca{lelm {oxlmblmj xlm~la ~omjjlyl Pao~mlc6

[oiljla lgail~ nlya cu{ac eublm agdac$ lay ~lzly na{kelyjo nlya [umjla Efmj na ôdug ^fmgam na u~lylnlm [umjla Cogfmj na {odl~lm ioyplyal{a {oklyl cu{aclm$ nomjlm xumklg na lgeay cu{ac xlml{ %Luju{~ ‛ [ox~ocioy!- Glca ~odle comjucxudglm nl~l duku~lm ~oykl~l~ xoy blc [umjla Efmj <1:9 ‛ <111 xoyafno nlm[umjla Cogfmj um~ug <110#988<- Iudlmlm yl~l#yl~l ~amjgl~ noia~ [umjla Cogfmj %bucdle nl~l qlmj nauguy na[~l{aum Elu nlm âom! nlm [umjla Efmj %bucdle nl~l qlmj nauguy na Elmfa nlm [fm~lq [~l{aum! codoiaea 9-8<8> c;&no~ag nlm <-8 <8> c;&no~ag na lgeay cu{ac xlml{$ cl{amj#cl{amj$ nomjlm plyaliada~l{ qlmj am~oylmmuldnldlc ioyiljla <8> c;&no~ag %Jlcily>!-

Xociulmjlm lay ~lzly nlya [umjla Efmj comjel{adglm xduco {umjla nlm ldaylm ioyagu~mqliufqlmkqnyapom go lyle {odl~lm {oxlmblmj ylg Pao~mlc- Ldaylm ama am~om{a` {odlcl cu{ac xlml{ {oiljla duku~lm{umjla comamjgl~-



Jlcily >- Cu{aclm {agdu{ iudlmlm yl~l#yl~l [umjla noia~ nlya [umjla Cogfmj nlm Efmj- Nl~l qlmj najumlglm um~ug [umjla Cogfmj lnldle nlya [~l{aum Elu nlm âom xoy blc Yokfyn{ nlya <110 {lcxla 988<- Nl~l qlmj najumlglm um~ug {umjla Efmj lnldle nlya [~l{aum Elmfa nlm [fm~lq nomjlm xoy blc yokfyn{ nlya <1:9 eamjjl <111 %dael~ jlcily < um~ug {~l{aum dfgl{a!- Ily poy~agld lnldle {~lmnly nopal{a duku~lm [umjla nailmnamjglm yl~l#yl~l {odlcl xoyafno xomjuguylm-

Ia{l ldaylm go lyle {odl~lm lxumj qlmj ~oygla~ nomjlm xodoxl{lm [umjla ioygfm~yaiu{a lyu{ xoca{lelm {oxlmblmjxlm~la ~omjjlyl Pao~mlc6 [oklyl ucuc$ xduco {umjla qlmj nael{adglm fdoe duku~lm [umjla Cogfmj komnoyumjum~ug cocxoydul{ go {odl~lm {oxlmblmj xo{a{ay- [odlcl gfmna{a lmjam cu{fm {fu~ezo{~oydq$ ia{l nanfyfmjlxumj ldaylm ama comjuile lyle ldaylm mfy~eol{~zlyn nlm ioygfm~yaiu{a ~oyelnlx lyu{ xoca{lelm doxl{ xlm~la6Bagl eld ama ~oyblna$ iljlaclml à~uy ama ioyeuiumjlm nomjlm xl{lmj {uyu~ yog~aàgl{a nlm lmjam {~yo{6

Glca$ ~ac xomoda~alm ioy{lcl _mapoy{a~l{ Cl{{lkeu{o~~{ Nly~cfu~e %_CL[[N! nlm Zffn{ EfdoF{olmfjylà dociljl %ZEFA!$ ~odle comjocilmjglm eajeyo{fdu~afm$ ~oy{~yug~uy#jyan$ eamjjl#pfduco xo{a{ayKaml cfnod- Cfnod ama nagfmàjuyl{a comjjumlglm @PKFC %poy{a ;-<! nomjlm xomu~ux gfcxu~l{a nfclamBoxlmj âcuy Dlu~ %BO[!$ Dlu~ Ifela&gumamj&~acuy Kaml %fdoe OK[! nlm [K[- Jyan {oja~ajl ~oy{~yug~uy qlmjnajumlglm nldlc @PKFC comqonalglm yo{fdu{a qlmj ilag nlya jlya{ xlm~lanlm {lmjl~ ioyplyal{a ~fxfjylà l~l{ ylg nlm {ocxa~ doyomj na [K[- Ldjfya~cl eamjjl#pfduco comblcam dfgldgfm{oypl{a cl{{l nldlc ly~a `dug{ ldkudl~afm$ cociul~ xylg~a{ um~ug cocoyag{l yodl~a` xom~amjmql ioyiljlaxyf{o{ à{ag- Nanfyfmj fdoe jodfcilmj$ {umjla na{kelyjo nlm lmjam {oklyl ~oyxa{le$ glca ~odle cocoyag{l à{ag

coglma{co um~ug lyu{ xoca{lelm nlm uxzoddamj na {oga~ly xlm~la ~omjjlyl Pao~mlc- [~una ama ioy~ubulm um~ug comjanom~aàgl{a nlm coclelca gfm~yaiu{a nlya ioyiljla xyf{o{ à{ag xlnl à~uy umag ama na zadlqle a~u-

[a{l goy~l{ nal~uy {oiljla ioyagu~- Kaml xo{a{ay @PKFC nlm no{lam og{xoyacom mucoyag nabodl{glmnldlc iljalm 9- El{ad cfnod um~ug gl{u{#gl{u{ qlmj nanfyfmj fdoe ioyiljla coclg{l na{lbaglm nldlc iljalm;- Coglma{co à{agl qlmj nailel{ nldlc iljalm >$ nlm go{acxudlm naylmjguc nldlc Iljalm ?- 9- Cfnod nlmno{lam mucoyag xoykfillm-

@PKFC xo{a{ay Kaml lnldle yo{fdu{a ~amjja$ ~oy{~yug~uy#jyan$ eamjjl#pfduco$ ~ajl nacom{a$ jyl~a{$xoycugllm$ xyaca~a` xoy{lcllm mucoyag cfnod lzldmql fdoe Keom o~ ld- W988;S nagocilmjglm nlm na~amjgl~glmfdoe ~ac xomjocilmjlm _CL[[N#ZEFA ioy{lcl WKeom o~ ld-$ 9880l$ 9880i$ 988:$ 98817 Eulmj o~ ld-$ 9885S-@PKFC nabodl{glm {oklyl yamka nldlc glyql Keom o~ ld- W9880iS nlm {oiule yamjgl{lm {amjgl~ nlya cfnud gumkaqlmj najumlglm um~ug {~una ama naioyaglm na {ama- Glca comjjumlglm {o~ux {~lmnly nacfnaàgl{a Coddfy Qlclnl~amjgl~ nlm 9$? %CQ#9$?! WCoddfy nlm Qlclnl$ <159S nlm [cljfyam{gq W[cljfyam{gq$ <10;S ioyjfdlg xomu~uxlm {gocl um~ug poy~agld nlm efya{fm~ld xomklcxuylm$ cl{amj#cl{amj- Xoy{lcllm na @PKFC

na{kyo~aron fdoe iom~ug am~ojyld l~l{ gfm~yfd pfduco na clml a{~adle#a{~adle lnpok~afm naxokleglm fdoe {gocl`dug{ lguyl{a uyu~lm gonul pfduco ~oyil~l{ qlmj codlzlm lmjam WGfilql{ea o~ ld-$ <1117 Euiilyn$ <111S nlm



am~ojyl{a zlg~u qlmj naiul~ comjjumlglm nauile og{xda{a~ uyu~lm goocxl~ Yumjo ‛ Gu~~l %YG>! zlg~u dfmkl~lm{gocl- @PKFC nadlg{lmlglm nomjlm nul xocokle2 {fdpoy cfno#{xda~ %<! na clml am~oymld nlm og{~oymld cfnoqlmj clbu ioy{lcl#{lcl xlnl zlg~u qlmj ioyionl dlmjgle nlm {fdpoy %9! {ocaacxdaka~ nomjlm dlmjgle {l~uzlg~u qlmj ioyilmnamj ~oyildag nomjlm lay {ll~ ama cljma~unf- Og{xoyacom qlmj nabodl{glm nldlc glyql ~uda{ amanadlguglm comjjumlglm cfno#{xda~ {fdpoy-

Gfcxu~l{a nfclam comklgux {oduyue BO[$ fdoe#OK[ nlm [K[ %jlcily ?! nlm nagfmàjuyl{a nomjlm

jyan {oja~ajl ~oy{~yug~uy- Yo{fdu{a efya{fm~ld %nanoàma{aglm {oiljla xlmblmj {a{a ~oyxlmblmj {oja~ajl! ioyplyal{al~l{ ga{lylm 8$9?#8$? gc gc na nldlc ylg nlm culyl$ 8-: ‛ 8-5 gc nldlc zadlqle

Jlcily ?- ôy{~yug~uy jyan {oja~ajl Kaml xo{a{ay @PKFC- [a{axlm gf~lg lnldle nloyle na clml jyan na {uiàjuyona~lcxadglm-doxl{ xlm~la {oxlmblmj xlm~la Pao~mlc nlm ;? gc nogl~ xoyil~l{lm ~oyiugl- Gffynaml~ eaiyanl nomjlm ~f~ld >8dlxa{lm najumlglm nldlc poy~agld2 gffynaml~ { najumlglm na zadlqle gonldlclm = 58-8 c$ nomjlm ~ylm{a{a xlnlgonldlclm 58-8 c um~ug {#gffynaml~ na nloyle nlmjgld- Nldlc Gffynaml~ {$ dacl dlxa{lm qlmj {oyljlc nomjlmgo~oildlm 9-8 c na~om~uglm nlya xoycugllm nlm ilzle um~ug comqodo{laglm xoycugllm naklcxuy nlm ilzledlxa{lm il~l{ l~l{ doyomj- Eld ama comjel{adglm go~oildlm 9 c um~ug {oyljlc {o~alx dlxa{lm na { nlm { gffynaml~~ylm{a{a nlm yo{fdu{a poy~agld 9 c l~lu guylmj na nloyle nlmjgld-

Mucoyag xoykfillm naylmklmj um~ug comlmjlma nul xoy~lmqllm2 %<! iljlaclml codlguglmxocio~udlm xl{lmj {uyu~ nlm ldaylm [umjla na{kelyjo#nyapom lxumj ioygfm~yaiu{a {ll~ ama xoca{lelm6$ nlm %9!Lxlgle xoylm lmjam na uxzoddamj6 _m~ug comblzli xoy~lmqllm xoy~lcl$ glca cociul~ nul og{xoyacom

mucoyag- Xoy~lcl$ cfnod nanfyfmj fdoe elmql coclg{l xl{lmj %nailmjum comjjumlglm lcxda~unf xl{lmj#{uyu~ nlm `l{o gfm{~a~uom u~lcl dacl xl{lmj {uyu~2 C9$ M9$ [9$ F< nlm G<! xlnl il~l{ ~oyiugl um~ug cocoyag{l namlcagl xl{lmj#{uyu~ nlm xocio~udlm xl{lmj {uyu~ nldlc gfmna{a efcfjom %O x#{lql!- Gonul$cfnod combldlmglm nomjlm coclg{l xl{lmj#{uyu~ nlm xodoxl{lm lay ~lzly nlya {umjla#{umjla qlmj ~oycl{ug nldlc nfclam gfcxu~l{a %O x#AA!- Na u~lyl il~l{#il~l{ ~oyiugl na Xl{aàg Fkolm$ Guyf{eaf lnldle nailmjumnomjlm ldaylm ~ylm{xfy~l{a 91$? [p xlnl xoyil~l{lm {odl~lm ~oyiugl na xlm~la ~acuy Durfm xudlu$ 90-1 [p um~ug ômjjlyl Guyf{eaf Boxlmj$ <-0 [p codldua [odl~ ^{ujlyu nlm <-< [p codldua [odl~ [fql WKeom o~ ld-$ 9885S-Ldaylm codldua {qlyl~ il~l{ qlmj na~oylxglm xlnl nul [odl~lm ~oyiugl il~l{ %Glyacl~l nlm [odl~ Cldlgl!-Co{gaxum Guyf{eaf blue nlya lyol {~una nlm ~anlg cocadaga dlmj{umj namlcag nlcxlg xlnl lyu{ xoca{lelm nlmuxzoddamj l~l{ ylg ilyl~ nlql Pao~mlc W[elz$ <11<7 @lyya{ nlm Zaciu{e$ <1107 Klyu{f o~ ld-$ 9880S$ ga~l~oycl{ug um~ug doiae lguyl~ com{acudl{aglm [K[ dl~ly iodlglmj yojafmld {aygudl{a-

_m~ug comblzli xoy~lmqllm gonul$ glca ioydlya cfnod nomjlm nacl{ugglmmql lmjam coclg{l nldlcnul klyl- Xoy~lcl$ lmjam coclg{l na~lcileglm go ianlmj coclg{l {xam#ux nldlc gl{u{

nomjlm xl{lmj {uyu~ nlm [umjla xociulmjlm %O x#AAA!- Nul boma{ lmjam coclg{l nalmjjlx$ dlnlmj lmjam{xl{ald {oyljlc nlm dlnlmj lmjam kdacl~fdfjaklddq yl~l#yl~l iudlmlm- Nl~l lmjam qlmj najumlglm um~ug



cocilmjum gdacl~fdfja ioyl{ld nlya cud~a{l~oda~ ~uyumlm 0 xoy blc naklcxuy lmjam ianlmj jyan nomjlm yo{fdu{aefya{fm~ld 8$9? 8$9? um~ug xoyafno <11?#988? WRelmj o~ ld-$ 9880S- Gonul$ ga~l codlguglm xoykfillm um~ug gl{u{ nomjlm elmql lmjam coclg{l %O x#AP!-

nldlc gl{u{ ama$ ga~l bujl nalmjjlx {oiljla gonul ianlmj lmjam {xl{ald {oyljlc nlm mfmuma`fyc-_m~ug O x#A$ O x AA nlm O x#AAA$ gfmna{a lzld {ueu lay nlm {ldama~l{ na~om~uglm comjjumlglm ianlmj

kdacl~fdfjaklddq yl~l#yl~l iudlmlm Lju{~u{- Iudlmlm kdacl~fdfjak {ueu {ldama~l{ ianlmj nlm nailmjumcomjjumlglm ioioylxl {ucioy2 MFLL Ml~afmld Fkolmfjylxeak Nl~l Kom~oy %MFNK! nlm amnapanu E anyfjylàg {uypoa nl~l qlmj naioyaglm fdoe xlyl adcuzlm nlya Lcoyagl [oyagl~$ Boxlmj$ Gfyol [odl~lm nlm Kaml- Nl~l amanaxyf{o{ comjjumlglm dlmjgle#dlmjgle ioyagu~- Xlnl dlmjgle <$ nl~l nlya ioyiljla {ucioy na{odomjjlylglm gonldlc `fycl~ nl~l {~lmnly {od`no{kyaion- Na dlmjgle 9$ {ocul xyfàd qlmj ~anlg {~liad {oklyl poy~agld cluxum naduly blmjglulm yolda{~a{ glyoml {ueu l~lu cl{ldle {ldama~l{ ~odle naelxu{- Na dlmjgle ;$ xyfàd ~oy{a{l lnldlepoy~agld am~oyxfdl{a um~ug dlxa{lm {~lmnly nlm gocunalm jyan go mfmfpoydlxxamj 98 gf~lg 98 gc- Yo{fdu{a amana{onalglm gdacl~fdfja kugux yolda{~a{ {ueu lay nlm {ldama~l{ l~l{ {gldl io{ly$ ~o~lxa elmql iuyug na{odo{laglmEanyfjylàg à~uy na glzl{lm xo{a{ay nlm gfm~amom~ld clyjam- Cfnod Eanyfjylàg à~uy na zadlqle ama %qlmjnaxoygaylglm nomjlm am~ojyl{a xyfjmf{~ag! lnldle el{ad nlya xomqo{ulalm dlu~ um~ug coclg{l og{~oymld %xl{lmj

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;- Xyf{o{ ioyfyaom~l{a el{ad xoykfillm;-<- Xl{lmj#{uyu~ naamnug{a yog~aàgl{a lyu{ xoca{lelm

_m~ug O x#A$ {acudl{a xl{lmj lnldle cfnod 18 elya combldlmglm nadlguglm ~lmxl {~yl~aàgl{a nlm[umjla noia~- CL^DLI Lmlda{a{ elycfmag ~ffdif %^Vâno! WXlzdfzakr o~ ld-$ 9889S najumlglm um~ug comjea~umj xl{lmj gfm{~lm~l %lcxda~unf nlm `l{l! nlya xl{lmj {uyu~ odopl{a nlm odax{ xlylco~oy %io{ly nlmgokad {uciu$ `l{o nlm fyaom~l{a! lyu{ xl{lmj {uyu~ um~ug cl{amj#cl{amj gfm{~a~uom xl{lmj {uyu~- Gfm{~a~uomxl{lmj coylcldglm cfnod naxoyilmnamjglm dlmj{umj nomjlm nl~l xomjuguylm xl{lmj#{uyu~ qlmj ~oy{onal na<09 xl{lmj ldl~ xomjuguy %11 na IQ#OK[! nlm 0; na [K[ WKefa$ <1587 @lmj o~ ld-$ <111S- Go{ldlelm nopal{a{~lmnly go{oduyuelm um~ug {~l{aum [K[ lnldle nldlc ga{lylm qlmj {lcl nomjlm {acudl{a xl{lmj#{uyu~ qlmjnadlxfyglm nldlc {~una ~oy{~yug~uy#jyan xl{lmj cfnod {oioducmql W@lmj o~ ld-$ <111S- Cfnod glca comqonalglm{acudl{a doiae lguyl~ xl{lmj go~amjjalm na nloyle xo{a{ay na {oxlmblmj xlm~la Pao~mlc- Kfm~fe um~ug

xoyilmnamjlm cfnod nl~l na Klc Ylme %<< ?;‹$ <81 <9‹! nlm Pumj ^lu %<8 98‹ <81 8>‹7 dael~ jlcily <! lglmna~lcxadglm nldlc ~liod <-

Ga~l ioyagu~mql comoda~a zlg~u {oylmjglalm lyu{ xl{lmj {uyu~ l~l{ ylg [odl~lm Pao~mlc- Lyu{ xl{lmj{uyu~ {lmjl~ l{aco~ya{ l~l{ {agdu{ xl{lmj {uyu~ na zadlqle a~u qlmj clml ilzle ~fxfjylà gfm~uy comqacxlmj golyle {odl~lm %jlcily 0 0!- Xlnl xl{lmj#{uyu~ clg{acuc$ lyu{ xl{lmj {uyu~ cocamnleglm lay nlya eudu _~lyl go{odl~lm nlm lay nlya mfy~eol{~zlyn eaday- [oiljla lgail~mql$ xoylaylm ama ioygucxud {oga~ly <9 M$ cocxyfnug{adoxl{ xlm~la rfml xoca{lelm {ll~ ama na nloyle clml ilzle ~fxfjylà ioyplyal{a ~ail#~ail- Xlnl xl{lmj#{uyu~cocilmbaya ~ylm{a{a$ onnq ilnla cociom~ug na zadlqle a~u- Lay ioyjoylg go {odl~lm {oxlmblmj ylg$ ~oymql~l doxl{xlm~la nlm gocunalm yokaykudl~o{ kqkdfmaklddq na lay qlmj doiae nldlc- Na clg{acuc ilmbay$ {oduyue nloyle amananfcaml{a fdoe lyu{ xl{lmj {uyu~ qlmj comjlday go {odl~lm xlyldod go il~aco~ya dfgld- Xlnl ilmbay um~ug ~ylm{a{axl{lmj {uyu~$ doxl{ xlm~la lyu{ xoca{lelm cumkud gocilda$ nlm lyu{ gul~ na u~lyl nlyaxlnl na {odl~lm- L{aco~yalyu{ xl{lmj {uyu~ comjel{adglm ldaylm {a{l doxl{ xlm~la na nloyle xo{a{ay na nogl~ <<$9? M$ qlmj cociom~ug lgail~ lyu{ go lyle {odl~lm nlya eudu nlm lyu{ mfy~eol{~zlyn nlya nloyle eaday [umjla Cogfmj %jlcily :!- Eld ama



comumbugglm ilezl lyu{ xoca{lelm {oxlmblmj xlm~la ~omjjlyl Pao~mlc nlxl~ ~oyblna {oiljla lgail~ xl{lmjyog~aàgl{a ~lmxl {~yl~aàgl{a$ co{gaxum lyu{ docle nlm dfgl{a xoca{lelm ama {ll~ ama ~odle ioyjo{oy go {odl~lmyodl~a` ~oyelnlx fylmj#fylmj qlmj ~oyno~og{a nldlc jlcily [[^ qlmj na~umbugglm xlnl jlcily 9- Gumka na {amalnldle ilezl na ilzle gfmna{a mfm{~yl~aàon nomjlm ~anlg lnlmql lmjam cu{fm {fu~ezo{~oydq$ yog~aàgl{a xl{lmj{uyu~ nlxl~ comjel{adglm {a{l mfy~eol{~zlyn {oxlmblmj xlm~la {ll~ ama nlya nloyle eaday nlya [umjla Cogfmj-

;-9- Lxumj nlm ioydlxa{ xl{lmj naamnug{a yog~aàgl{a lyu{ xoca{lelmNa O x#AA$ go~agl {umjla duku~lm na~lcileglm nlm lzld {ueu nlm {ldama~l{ {~yl~aàgl{a na~om~uglm fdoe

cu{ac xlml{ gdacl~fdfja$ cfnod comjel{adglm rfml xoca{lelm ama zoddnoàmon doxl{ xlm~la ~omjjlyl Pao~mlc${ueu qlmj comumbugglm am~a namjam cudla nogl~ xlm~la nlm gocunalm cocxoydul{ doxl{ xlm~la %jlcily 5!-[~yug~uy ama {oyuxl nomjlm qlmj nalcl~a na cu{ac xlml{ {l~odda~onoyapon [[^ jlcily- [odl~lm {ll~ ama nlya u~lyllnldle ldaylm xo{a{ay nanoàma{aglm nomjlm ilag nomjlm gokoxl~lm <8#<? kc&{$ qlmj nlxl~ na~odu{uya gocilda goxociulmjlm Efmj {umjla-

Jlcily 0- Xfdl {xl{ald naea~umj cfnod lyu{ xl{lmj {uyu~ qlmj ~oyam~ojyl{a {oklyl poy~agld %~ylm{xfy~l{a! pog~fy %c;&no~ag! naxl{lmj#{uyu~ clg{acuc$ oii ilmbay$ clg{acuc ilmbay$ nlm ilmbay go oii nomjlm {~yl~aàgl{a ~anlg-

[umjla Cogfmj duku~lm ~oyilja comblna nul klilmj2 {l~u comjlday go lyle ilyl~ nlql {oxlmblmj xo{a{ay nlmmfy~eol{~zlyn dlammql comjlday {oxlmblmj xo{a{ay comubu << M clml cocomuea lyu{ xo{a{ay go lyle {odl~lm-Gokoxl~lm ldaylm ama lnldle uyu~lm ?#<8 kc&{- [ll~ ama mfy~eol{~zlyn lnldle el{ad nlya ioydlxa{ yog~aàgl{a xl{lmj%dael~ na{gu{a na go{oacilmjlm cfcom~uc!2 cociom~ug lzldmql fdoe yog~aàgl{a xl{lmj#{uyu~ nlm comblna{oclgam gul~ glyoml {~yl~aàgl{a nael{adglm fdoe duku~lm [umjla Cogfmj- Rfml xoca{lelm ama doxl{ xlm~lanocagalm cociom~ug {oiljla el{ad nlya xoy~oculm ldaylm lxumj#nanfyfmj go lyle {odl~lm na u~lyl Eudu nlmmfy~eol{~zlyn lxumj nlm yok~aàon lyu{ xl{lmj {uyu~ na {odl~lm eaday- ^ylm{xfy~l{a doxl{ xlm~la na rfml xoca{lelmnaam~om{a`glm {oiljla ldaylm lm~akqkdfmak nlya zadlqle ~omjjlyl ioyjliumj ldaylm xoca{lelm doxl{ xlm~la na{oga~ly <88 ‛ <888 c a{fil~e{-

Glca comocuglm ~lm~lmjlm nanfyfmj lmjam coglma{co qlmj nau{udglm xlnl {~una {oioducmql- El{adcfnod ama comumbugglm ilezl gfciaml{a nlya lyu{ xl{lmj {uyu~ naxoyilaga nlm nanfyfmj lxumj {unle kuguxum~ug comjel{adglm rfml xoca{lelm doxl{ xlm~la {ll~ ama ~lmxl coclg{l lmjam- Co{gaxum glca coclelcailezl lmjam cu{fm {fu~ezo{~oydq coclamglm xoylm xom~amj nldlc {aygudl{a cu{ac xlml{ na nloyle ama$ el{adglca comumbugglm ilyu coglma{co à{ag um~ug lyu{ xoca{lelm doxl{ xlm~la nalcl~a doxl{ xlm~la ~omjjlylPao~mlc-

;-;- Oòg lmjam;-;-<- Gl{u{ nomjlm xl{lmj {uyu~ nlm [umjla na{kelyjo

Na O x#AAA$ glca ioydlya cfnod nomjlm comlcileglm lmjam coclg{l um~ug xl{lmj nlm lxumj#nanfyfmj {acudl{a qlmj nabodl{glm na l~l{- Nul gl{u{ lmjam nalmjjlx2 lmjam gfm{~lm {xl{ald {oyljlc %<! nlm %9!Lju{~u{ iudlmlm yl~l#yl~l kdacl~fdfjaklddq lmjam ianlmj naxoyfdoe nomjlm comjjumlglm <11?#988?



Jlcily :- Na{~yaiu{a naea~umj cfnod nogl~ xoycugllm yo{anu {ll~ ama %kc&{! nomjlm {~yl~aàgl{a ~anlg- Lyu{ xl{lmj {uyu~naelxu{ comjjumlglm Lmlda{a{ elycfmag CL^DLI ~ffdif %^Vâno! fdoe Xlzdfzakr o~ ld- W9889S-

ianlmj ioyl{ld {l~oda~ naklcxuy lmjam- Ianlmj {xl{ald {oyljlc lmjam na~om~uglm fdoe gokoxl~lm lmjam <8 c c&{?-0; go lyle ~acuy nlm >-<0 c&{ go lyle u~lyl$ qlmj lnldle Lju{~u{ ioyly~a gokoxl~lm lmjam na xu{l~ rfmlxoca{lelm ama-

Ama cfnod xoykfillm nomjlm lmjam coclg{l comumbugglm ilezl lmjam cu{fm mfy~eol{~zlyn lnldle{oiule coglma{co xom~amj um~ug comjam~om{a`glm uxzoddamj na rfml xoca{lelm ama {odlcl cu{ac xlml{- Lmjamgfm{~lm nlm {xl{ald ioyplyal{a {oklyl {ajmaàglm comamjgl~glm lyu{ xoca{lelm doxl{ xlm~la nlm nomjlm nocagalmuxzoddamj %jlcily 1!- [oiljla lgail~mql$ nogl~ xoycugllm dlu~ na rfml xoca{lelm {ll~ ama$ {ueu lay ~uyum~om~lmj 9#; K nlm comamjgl~glm gokoxl~lm doxl{ xlm~la um~ug ;8 kc&{ %<8 kc&{ doiae io{ly nlya qlmj nalcl~anldlc gl{u{ ~lmxl coclg{l lmjam!- ânlg lnl xoyionllm qlmj {ajmaàglm na~ocuglm na io{lymql lay gokoxl~lmlm~lyl nul gl{u{$ ~o~lxa rfml uxzoddamj nogl~ xlm~la blue doiae dul{ nldlc gl{u{ coclg{l lmjam gfm{~lm-Comnoàma{aglm gfm~uy {ueu 9?$? {oiljla il~l{ nlya rfml u~lcl uxzoddamj$ xoyionllm nloyle lm~lyl nul gl{u{lnldle <8; {oga~ly 5$0 gc9- El{ad ama gfm{a{~om nomjlm na{~yaiu{a {xl{ald ioyiljla lmjam {~yo{ kuyd %jlcily ;n!$qlmj comumbugglm kuyd mojl~a` nogl~ xlm~la na nloyle eudu nlya rfml xoca{lelm {ll~ ama- Kuyd mojl~a`

comjel{adglm go ilzle Ogclm cocfcxl#amnukon ~ylm{xfy~l{a qlmj komnoyumj um~ug cocil~ldglm~ylm{xfy~l{a go l~l{ qlmj ~oygla~ nomjlm naamnug{a lmjam doxl{ xlm~la Ogclm ldaylm- @lg~l ama comumbugglmilezl naxfd xoycugllm lmjam {~yo{ kuyd coclamglm xoylm xom~amj nldlc comom~uglm na{~yaiu{a {xl{alduxzoddamj nanfyfmj lmjam ~lxa ~anlg coglma{co xom~amj um~ug uxzoddamj-

Gfm~yaiu{a lmjam coclg{l um~ug uxzoddamj dfgld nlxl~ nadael~ bodl{ na nldlc xoyilmnamjlm nlya [ldai#a{fil~e {ueu na{~yaiu{a nldlc gl{u{ nomjlm nlm ~lmxl lmjam %jlcily <8!- ^lmxl coclg{l lmjam$ lyu{xoca{lelm doxl{ xlm~la bodl{ nanoàma{aglm ~o~lxa uxzoddamj docle- Nldlc gl{u{ ama$ gokoxl~lm clg{acucpoy~agld na nloyle lay xoycugllm ~oynamjam lnldle <-< <8 ; kc&{2 madla qlmj doiae io{ly nlyaxlnl madla uxzoddamjnaxoygaylglm comjjumlglm kuyd {~yo{ lmjam MKOX nlm cayax nomjlm qlmj na~ocuglm comjjumlglm kuyd {~yo{naklcxuy lmjam- Go~agl lmjam cu{fm coclg{l na~lcileglm$ ~ylm{xfy~l{a Ogclm doxl{ xlm~la ioyjoylg lay nal~l{ lay gfdfc doxl{ xlm~la$ nomjlm ~ylm{xfy~l{a go l~l{ gfcxom{l{a l~l{ ylg nlm l~l{ doyomj- Nldlc gl{u{ ama$gokoxl~lm clg{acuc poy~agld ~oy{oyle <-< <8 9 kc&{2 {l~u uyu~lm io{lymql doiae io{ly nlyaxlnl nldlc gl{u{~anlg#lmjam- [odlam a~u$ {ldai#a{fil~e {ll~ ama nldlc rfml uxzoddamj à~uy jlmnl {od#{od nlya {aygudl{a- Na l~l{ 0?c$ lay lnpok~on go lyle xlm~la nlm gocunalm go l~l{ nlm doxl{ xlm~la$ cociul~ xoycugllm nldlc klcxuylmdlxa{lm lay namjam- Na nloyle qlmj doiae nldlc$ lay komnoyumj comubu doyomj a{fil~e{ <88 c {oioduc codlcil~



{oklyl {ajma`aglm- [~yug~uy ldaylm ama comumbugglm ilezl lmjam#amnukon uxzoddon lay xoycugllm lnldle nlyagfdfc l~l{ lay$ iuglm nlya dlxa{lm il~l{ ilzle doyomj-

Jlcily 5- Naea~umj cfnod nogl~#xoycugllm {ui~anld {ll~ ama pog~fy %kc&{! najlcilyglm xlnl ianlmj {ueu xoycugllm xlnl >8 elya {xam#uxcombldlmglm$ nacudla nomjlm {ueu gdacl~fdfja Lju{~u{ nlm {ldama~l{ ianlmj um~ug gl{u{ nomjlm lnl lmjam- Jlya{#jlya{ ea~lc lnldle gfm~uy<88$ 988$ <888 nlm 9888 c a{fil~e{-

Go~amjjalm xoycugllm dlu~ yl~l#yl~l {ui~anlddq yl~l#yl~l %[[E! ~o~lx xfdl qlmj {lcl nldlc gl{u{ ~lmxl

nlm nomjlm lmjam qlmj coclg{l %jlcily <<!- Naea~umj cfnod {gldl io{ly [[E xfdl {lcl nomjlm qlmj ioyl{ldnlya ^FXOU & XF[OANFM ld~aco~oy na~uyumglm [[E qlmj nabodl{glm fdoe [elz o~ ld- W<111S- Nl~l [[E ioyl{ldld~aco~oy qlmj nabodl{glm nldlc glyql [elz o~ ld- W<111S naxoyfdoe nomjlm Yo{fdu{a {xl{ald {lcxdamj >8 gc$qlmj comkojle comqonalglm {~yug~uy yamka na nloyle xo{a{ay qlmj na~umbugglm xlnl jlcily <<- Nailja nomjlm{uciu clg{acuc doxl{ xlm~la lyu{ na rfml xoca{lelm ama$ xoycugllm dlu~ na~lmnla fdoe noxyo{a coclmblmjqlmj cociom~lmj _~lyl ‛ [odl~lm na u~lyl nlm doxl{ xlm~la#comamjgl~glm jylnaom na {odl~lm- Nomjlmgokomnoyumjlm jof{~yfxeak um~ug ilyf~yfxak lyu{ um~ug comjagu~a dlu~ ~amjgl~ gfm~uy$ xoycugllm dlu~ xfdlkfkfg nomjlm xfdl {aygudl{a qlmj na~umbugglm xlnl jlcily 52 {agdfm na u~lyl nlm lm~akqkdfmak na {odl~lm-Comlcileglm coclg{l lmjam ~anlg xudl cocildagglm na{~yaiu{a odopl{a xoycugllm gokulda comamjgl~glmjylnaom nogl~ xlm~la na rfml lm~akqkdfmak ldaylm nlm doxl{ xlm~la na rfml {agdfm ldaylm- Jylnaom [[E clg{acuclnldle 0-: <8 : um~ug gl{u{ ~lmxl lmjam coclg{l nlm eamjjl <-; <8 0 nlm <-? <8 0 um~ug gl{u{#gl{u{ nomjlmioyiljla nlm {xl{ald {oyljlc lmjam coclg{l$ cl{amj#cl{amj- Co{gaxum ioydlxa{ lyu{ xl{lmj {uyu~ nlmnanfyfmj lxumj nfcamlm na nloyle ama$ xoycugllm dlu~ doxl{ xlm~la jylnaom ~anlg nlxl~ nalilaglm nldlc

xociom~uglm rfml xoca{lelm ama- [odlam a~u$ na{~yaiu{a jylnaom xoycugllm dlu~ doxl{ xlm~la {ui~anld nlya [umjlaCogfmj gfm{a{~om nomjlm xoca{lelm lyu{ lnl2 ldaylm ilyl~ nlql go {odl~lm nlm ~acuy dlu~ comjlday go u~lyl-

;-;-9- Gl{u{ nomjlm elmql coclg{l lmjamW9?S [l~u xoy~lmqllm qlmj naio{lyglm nldlc {~una ama lnldle lxlgle l~lu ~anlg lmjam cu{fm {fu~ezo{~oydqkugux um~ug cociom~ug nalcl~a lyu{ xoca{lelm nlm uxzoddamj- [oklyl ~ofya~a{ ioyiaklyl$ lmjam {fu~ezo{~oydqkomnoyumj um~ug cocamnleglm lay doxl{ xlm~la nogl~ xoycugllm codldua xyf{o{ ~ylm{xfy~l{a Ogclm nlm nomjlmnocagalm comjel{adglm uxzoddamj nogl~ xlm~la- Glyoml lmjam {fu~ezo{~oydq comlmj l~l{ [K[ {oduyue$uxzoddamj elyu{ cumkud {oxlmblmj xlm~la Pao~mlc- [uda~ um~ug



Jlcily 1- Naea~umj cfnod nogl~#xoycugllm {ui~anld {ll~ ama pog~fy %kc&{! najlcilyglm xlnl ianlmj {ueu xoycugllm xlnl

<8 elya {o~odle lmjam {xl{ald {oyljlc %! nlm %i! lmjam {xl{ald ioyiljla na~lcileglm- Jlya{#jlya{ ea~lc lnldle gfm~uy <88$988$ <888 nlm 9888 c a{fil~e{-

Jlcily <8- Kyf{{#a{fil~e na{~yaiu{a naea~umj cfnod %l~l{! lay {ueu nlm %ilzle! gokoxl~lm %kc&{! xlnl iljalm xlyldod golyle lyu{ doxl{ xlm~la nldlc rfml xoca{lelm %dael~ jlcily < um~ug iljalm dfgl{a! um~ug gl{u{#gl{u{ ~lmxl nlm nomjlmcoclg{l lmjam- Jlya{ poy~agld xu~u{#xu~u{ comumbugglm il~l{ doxl{ xlm~la qlmj najumlglm um~ug comjjlcily gokoxl~lm-Gokoxl~lm poy~agld lnldle {gldl `lg~fy <8; um~ug comkfkfgglm {gldl poy~agld nlm efya{fm~ld-

Mlcum Ilqlmjglm$ ilezl lmjam coclg{l {omnaya ia{l comjel{adglm xfdl xoca{lelm qlmj {ll~ ama na~lcxadglmnldlc jlcily 5- O x#AP naylmklmj um~ug comjopldul{a gfm~yaiu{a lmjam coclg{l um~ug lyu{ xoca{lelm nlm



uxzoddamj l~l{ xlm~la ilyl~ nlql Pao~mlc- Coclg{l lmjam najumlglm um~ug comjjoylgglm cfnod qlmj {lcl{oxoy~a qlmj najumlglm na O x#AAA-

_m~ug nomjlm lmjam {xl{ald {oyljlc coclg{l$ cfnod cocxyonag{a ldaylm mfy~eol{~zlyn l~lu go u~lylqlmj gul~ l~l{ ylg ilyl~ nlql Pao~mlc %jlcily <9l!- Ldaylm komnoyumj comjuile {olyle blyuc blc {o~odlecocl{ugglm kogumjlm am~oyafy- Cfnod comumbugglm rfml uxzoddamj nanoàma{aglm nomjlm ilag nomjlmxoyionllm {ueu lay 9 k {oxlmblmj xlm~la$ ~lxa ~anlg lnl rfml xoca{lelm {ocxa~ {ll~ ama na~ocuglm-

Comjjumlglm lmjam {xl{ald ioyiljla coclg{l$ ldaylm doxl{ xlm~la na zadlqle u~lyl <9 M {oklyl {ajmaàglm doiaegokad %{oga~ly <8#<? kc&{ doiae gokad!$ co{gaxum lyle ldaylm ~o~lx {onaga~ ioyuile- [oxoy~a nldlc gl{u{ {xl{ald{oyljlc lmjam$ rfml xoca{lelm {ll~ ama ~anlg lnl {ocxa~ qlmj nael{adglm- Nldlc eld ama$

Jlcily <<- Cfnod#naea~umj elyalm yl~l#yl~l go~amjjalm xoycugllm dlu~ {ui~anld xlnl >8 elya {xam#ux combldlmglm um~ug gl{u{ ~lmxl coclg{l lmjam nlm <8 elya {o~odle coclg{l lmjam {xl{ald ioyiljla na~lcileglm- Jlya{#jlya{ xu~ae lnldle <88$988$ <888$ nlm 9888 c gonldlclm gfm~uy-

Rfml {ajmaàglm uxzoddamj comqu{u~ um~ug lyol qlmj doiae gokad {oga~ly <9 M- El{ad ama comnugumj ~oculmglca cocxoyfdoe nlya O x#AAA$ na clml ga~l naadu{~yl{aglm ilezl uxzoddamj nlxl~ nael{adglm fdoe lmjam {xl{ald{oyljlc coclg{l nlm xoycugllm lmjam {~yo{ kuyd cocioyaglm gfm~yaiu{a dlmj{umj um~ug {gldl {xl{alduxzoddamj na nloyle a~u-

>- Cfcom~uc go{oacilmjlm lmlda{a{_m~ug cocxodlblya coglma{co à{ag lyu{ xoca{lelm nlm uxzoddamj {oxlmblmj xlm~la ~omjjlyl

Pao~mlc$ ga~l comoda~a go{oacilmjlm cfcom~uc um~ug gl{u{#gl{u{ ~lmxl nlm nomjlm coclg{l lmjam-Comnoàma{aglm ilezl lnldle {uciu {ldai#ylg %xf{a~a` doxl{ xlm~la! nlm q lnldle {uciu {oxlmblmj ylg %xf{a~a` go u~lyl! dfgld {a{~oc gffynaml~ Kly~o{alm$ nlm q cfcom~uc xoy{lcllm ama nlxl~ na~uda{ {oiljla



Jlcily <9- Naea~umj cfnod nogl~#xoycugllm {ui~anld {ll~ ama pog~fy %kc&{! najlcilyglm xlnl ianlmj {ueu xoycugllm

xlnl elya go <8 cfnod um~ug gl{u{#gl{u{ nomjlm elmql coclg{l lmjam- %! gl{u{ {xl{ald {oyljlc lmjam- %i! {xl{ald ioyiljlalmjam gl{u{- Jlya{#jlya{ ea~lc lnldle gfm~uy <88$ 988$ <888 nlm 9888 c a{fil~e{- Pog~fy naxadae doiae nlya blylg nlya 8$<?noylbl~ na xdf~{ nul-

Jlcily <;- Poy~agld xyf`ad xoy{qlyl~lm yl~l#yl~l elyalm xoy{lcllm cfcom~uc lyle kyf{{ ‛ nlm {oxlmblmj#ylg xlnl >8 elya{xam#ux ioybldlm na {a~u{ %l~l{! L$ %~omjle! {a~u{ K$ nlm %ilzle! {a~u{ I um~ug gl{u{ nomjlm ~anlg coclg{l lmjam- Mfcfycozlgada ioyagu~2 <$ Kfyafda{ gogul~lm7 9$ jylnaom odopl{a xoycugllm7 ;$ jylnaom ~oglmlm ilyfkdamak7 >$ lnpok~afm efya{fm~ld7

?$ lnpok~afm poy~agld7 0$ na`u{a poy~agld7 nlm :$ xoykoxl~lm-



naclml u$ p nlm z lnldle $ q nlm r gfcxfmom gokoxl~lm lay7 ` lnldle Kfyafda{ xlylco~oy7 r lnldle odopl{axoycugllm7 X lnldle ~oglmlm ilyfkdamak7 y lnldle goxlnl~lm lay7 Gc lnldle pa{gf{a~l{ poy~agld7 nlm ~ lnldlezlg~u- _m~ug comqonoyelmlglm na{gu{a$ ga~l mlcl xoy{qlyl~lm xlnl {a{a gaya xoy{lcllm {o~alx comjjumlglmmfcfy nlya < {lcxla :- W95S _m~ug ~lmxl lmjam$ Jlcily <; comumbugglm {ldai#ylg nlm ylg {oxlmblmjcfcom~uc {ldnf na {a~u{ L %nldlc ldaylm xo{a{ay go lyle {odl~lm nlya _~lyl!$ {a~u{ K %nldlc rfml xoca{lelm {ll~ama! nlm I %na {a~u{ mfy~eol{~zlyn ldaylm nlya {odl~lm eaday nlya fu~do~ u~lyl [umjla Cogfmj!$ cl{amj#cl{amj-

Dfgl{a nlya ~ajl zadlqle {a~u{ ama na~lmnla xlnl jlcily <-Xlnl {a~u{ L$ ldaylm cocadaga lyu{ {ocajof{~yfxeak- Nldlc xoy{lcllm cfcom~uc dam~l{#ylg$ ldaylm

ldfmj{eod` go lyle {odl~lm cocomuea |ul{a#jof{~yfxeak gfmna{a na clml Lmjgl~lm jylnaom odopl{a xoycugllmglqu {ldai#ylg ~oyu~lcl {oacilmj fdoe Lmjgl~lm Kfyafda{$ nomjlm uyu~lm xoy~lcl gfm~yaiu{a nlya jylnaom~oglmlm ilyfkdamak nlm lnpok~afm efya{fm~ld %dael~ jlcily <;!- Nldlc xoy{lcllm cfcom~uc {oxlmblmj ylg$ldaylm nagomnldaglm fdoe xyf{o{ mfmdamaoy qlmj gfcxdog{ na clml lnpok~afm efya{fm~ld$ jylnaom ~oglmlmxoycugllm nlm ilyfkdamak$ jlql Kfyafda{$ nlm naù{a poy~agld na {ocul uyu~lm io{lymql {lcl-

Na {a~u{ I$ nldlc xoy{lcllm cfcom~uc dam~l{#ylg$ ldaylm mfy~eol{~zlyn {oxlmblmj ylg comocxl~a{oduyue gfdfc lay- Mlcum$ namlcagl qlmj comjomnldaglm ldaylm ama ioyionl na poy~agld- Na gfdfc lay l~l{ <? c$ldaylm nanfcaml{a fdoe lyu{ jof{~yfxeak nomjlm go{oacilmjlm lm~lyl Kfyafda{ nlm xl{uglm jylnaom ~oglmlmxoycugllm- Na gfdfc lay qlmj doiae yomnle na ilzle gonldlclm <? c$ mlcum$ ldaylm mfy~eol{~zlyn {oxlmblmjylg nagomnldaglm fdoe xyf{o{ à{ag jfqle$ {oxomuemql mfmdamaoy qlmj lnpok~afm efya{fm~ld$ poy~agld naù{a$Kfyafda{ gogul~lm$ gogul~lm jylnaom ~oglmlm xoycugllm nlm ilyfkdamak ~oglmlm jylnaom gogul~lm qlmj xom~amj-

A{~adle ~oyio{ly cl{ae lnldle xoycugllm nlm ilyfkdamak ~oglmlm jylnaom xl{uglm$ {oeamjjl ldaylm nanfcaml{afdoe ldaylm jof{~yfxeak- Mlcum$ mfmdamaoy

Jlcily <>- Poy~agld xyfàd xoy{qlyl~lm yl~l#yl~l elyalm xoy{lcllm cfcom~uc na glqu {ldai# nlm lyle {oxlmblmj ylg na {a~u{K xlnl <8 elya {o~odle lmjam coclg{l na~lcileglm- [qlyl~#{qlyl~ naanom~aàgl{a fdoe mfcfy {oxoy~a jlcily <;-

lnpok~afm efya{fm~ld nlm poy~agld naù{a a{~adle bujl cocadaga madla#madla clg{acuc coyogl na gfdfc lay qlmjdoiae yomnle$ qlmj comumbugglm ilezl ioydlxa{ yog~aàgl{a xl{lmj#{uyu~ bujl coclamglmxoylm xom~amj nldlc comjel{adglm ldaylm mfy~eol{~zlyn {oxlmblmj ylg- Ama gfm{a{~om nomjlm ~oculm ~ofya~a{fdoe Keom Iolyn{doq W<11?S qlmj ioy~amjgl~ yog~aàgl{a xl{lmj#{uyu~ qlmj na{oiliglm fdoe xl{lmjxomklcxuylm$ na~amjgl~glm xoyionllm l~lu gfmpoyjom{a `du cfcom~uc xl{lmj#{uyu~ nlm cfnaàgl{a am~oymldnaù{a codldua {~yl~aàgl{a nlxl~ comjlgail~glm am~om{aàgl{a ilzle xoycugllm ldaylm {a{l {oxlmblmj a{fil~e- Na{oxlmblmj ylg cfcom~uc xoy{lcllm$ gfdfc lay {oduyue cocadaga ldaylm doxl{ xlm~la2 doiae gul~ na l~l{ <? cgfdfc lay nlm comuyum nomjlm koxl~ nomjlm gonldlclm na gfdfc lay qlmj doiae yomnle- Namlcagl qlmjcomjomnldaglm ldaylm doxl{ xlm~la ama bujl ioyionl na l~l{ nlmgfdfc lay qlmj doiae yomnle- Na gfdfc l~l{ lay$ nanfyfmj fdoe jlql jylnaom ~oglmlm xoycugllm nlm gfmpoyjom{a`du cfcom~uc codlzlm jlql jylnaom ~oglmlm ilyfkdamak- Na gfdfc lay qlmj doiae yomnle$ nanfyfmj na ilzle

cfcom~uc go{oacilmjlm lm~lyl jlql jylnaom ~oglmlm xoycugllm$ naù{a poy~agld nlm efya{fm~ld lnpok~afm-Na {a~u{ K$ ldaylm nanfcaml{a fdoe lyu{ jof{~yfxeak damoly nomjlm go{oacilmjlm lm~lyl odopl{axoycugllm jylnaom$ jylnaom ~oglmlm ilyfkdamak nlm Kfyafda{- Ama iom~ug {ll~ ama doxl{ xlm~la {oiljla xoy~oculm



iufqlmkqnyapom go {odl~lm {oxlmblmj ylg jof{~yfxeak lyu{ nlya u~lyl nlm mfy~eol{~zlyn lxumj#nyapom nlmioydlxa{ naxoyilaga xl{lmj lyu{ nlya [odl~lm-

Comlcileglm coclg{l lmjam ~anlg ioyuile {ldnf namlcag xlnl {a~u{ L nlm I- Na {a~u{ K clmluxzoddamj gul~ naxoygaylglm$ mlcum$ ldaylm na l~l{ 98 c gfdfc lay ioykayaglm mfmdamaoy ljof{~yfxeak namlcaglnldlc xoy{lcllm cfcom~uc dam~l{#ylg$ co{gaxum ldaylm {oxlmblmj ylg nogl~ xoycugllm cl{ae ~oyu~lclioyclam jof{~yfxeak xyf{o{ {ll~ ama$ mfmdamaoy xoylm xom~amj nldlc cfcom~uc go{oacilmjlm na ilzle

xoycugllm na clml uxzoddamj clg{acuc naxoygaylglm- Eld ama bodl{ nldlc jlcily <> %gaya!$ clml lnpok~afmpoy~agld&efya{fm~ld nlm poy~agld naù{a comumbugglm xumklg clg{acuc xlnl gonldlclm 98 c- Go{oacilmjlmcfcom~uc nldlc xoy{lcllm cfcom~uc {oxlmblmj ylg %jlcily <>$ glmlm! comumbugglm nul#dlxa{lm ldaylmà~uy2 doxl{ xlm~la na gfdfc lay l~l{ 98 c nlm am{efyo na zadlqle qlmj doiae nldlc- Lmjam {oklyl {ajmaàglmcomamjgl~glm xomklcxuylm poy~agld na l~l{ lay$ nlm ldaylm doxl{ xlm~la na dlxa{lm qlmj nanfyfmj fdoe poy~agldNaù{a nlm xoyionllm `du cfcom~uc codlzlm jlql jylnaom ~oglmlm ilyfkdamak- Na dlxa{lm ilzle clmlxomjlyue lmjam docle l~lu comjeadlmj$ ldaylm am{efyo nanfyfmj fdoe ilyfkdamak ~oglmlm jylnaom Lmjgl~lm~oyelnlx gfmpoyjom{a cfcom~uc `du -

?- Go{acxudlm nlm na{gu{aGlca ~odle cocoyag{l coglma{co à{ag qlmj comqoiliglm lyu{ xoca{lelm nlm uxzoddamj nalcl~a na

ylg ômjjlyl Pao~mlc na Dlu~ Kaml [odl~lm- Xyfko{{fyaom~on mucoyag og{xoyacom nomjlm yo{fdu{a ~amjja Kamlxo{a{ay @PKFC comqlylmglm ilezl lyu{ xoca{lelm doxl{ xlm~la na cu{ac xlml{ nlxl~ na{oiliglm fdoe

xoy~oculm iufqlmkq#nyapom go lyle {odl~lm {oxlmblmj#ylg gul{a#jof{~yfxea kkfl{~ld {ll~ ama nlya u~lyl nlmmfy~eol{~zlyn iufqlmkqnyapom$ nlm ioy~amjgl~ lyu{ xl{lmj {uyu~ naxoyilaga nlya {fu~ezo{~- Nldlc gl{u{ ama$yog~aàgl{a xl{lmj {uyu~$ {umjla noia~ nlm dfgld il~aco~ya {ocul coclamglm xoylm xom~amj nldlccomjam~om{a`glm gonul lyu{ xlm~la {odlcl cu{ac xlml{ qlmj ioy~amjgl~ gfmna{a-

[odldu lnl lyu{ mfy~eol{~zlyn nlya ~omjjlyl cudu~ [umjla Cogfmj lgail~ yog~aàgl{a xl{lmj {uyu~-Ldaylm ama nlxl~ na~amjgl~glm {oklyl {ajmaàglm nomjlm xodoxl{lm {umjla io{ly nlm coclg{l lmjam cu{fm{fu~ezo{~oydq {odlcl cu{ac xlml{- [oiljla el{admql$ lay na nloyle ama nlya [umjla Cogfmj ioyjoylg mfy~eol{~zlyn- Namlcagl qlmj comjomnldaglm lyu{ ama {oxomuemql mfmdamaoy$ nomjlm gfm~yaiu{a qlmj {ajmaàglmnlya lnpok~afm nlm naù{a poy~agld-

Ldaylm go lyle {odl~lm nlya u~lyl lnldle ~oyu~lcl lyu{ xo{a{ay qlmj nlxl~ na~odu{uya Eudu [umjla Efmjna ôdug ^fmgam- [ll~ ama nanfcaml{a fdoe gul{a# namlcagl jof{~yfxeak nlm {oiljalm io{ly ~oyil~l{ ylg {ocxa~{oxlmblmj xo{a{ay Pao~mlc _~lyl-

Coclg{l lmjam cu{fm {fu~ezo{~oydq lnldle xyf{o{ à{ag gumka um~ug comjel{adglm uxzoddamj$ ~o~lxa

~anlg xyl{qlyl~ um~ug comqoiliglm lyu{ xoca{lelm doxl{ xlm~la {ocxa~ na nloyle a~u- _xzoddamj ama nlxl~na{oiliglm fdoe lmjam {xl{ald {oyljlc qlmj comjagu~a naamnug{a lmjam Ogclm ~ylm{xfy~l{a ~ofya {onoyelml- Kuyd{~yo{ lmjam naxfd ~anlg xyf{o{ qlmj nfcamlm um~ug nyapo uxzoddamj$ ~lxa comjfm~yfd {gldl {xl{ald uxzoddamj-Cfnod nanfyfmj nomjlm {~yo{ lmjam$ {umjla noia~ nlm ~ano{ na ilzle cu{ac xlml{ ioydlxa{ gfmna{a nlxl~coyoxyfnug{a dfgl{a nlm ~fmjuodago doxl{ xlm~la na{~yaiu{a {ueu {oxoy~a qlmj ~oydael~ nldlc jlcily [[^ ioyl{ld{l~oda~-

[oioducmql xocfnodlm {~una %nabodl{glm nldlc iljalm <! comqacxudglm ilezl lyu{ xoca{lelm doxl{xlm~la nlm uxzoddamj nalcl~a na cu{ac xlml{ doxl{ xlm~la ~omjjlyl Pao~mlc nanfyfmj fdoe naxfd xoycugllmlmjam {~yo{ kuyd ~oygla~ nomjlm lmjam cu{fm- El{ad glca$ mlcum$ comqlylmglm ilezl lmjam coclg{l ~anlg gfmna{a qlmj naxoyduglm um~ug comjel{adglm rfml xoca{lelm ama doxl{ xlm~la ~lxa coclamglm xoylm xom~amjnldlc cocxyfnug{a uxzoddamj- ânlg bodl{ bagl [umjla duku~lm na{oy~lglm nldlc {~una xocfnodlm {oioducmql-Glyoml go~oyil~l{lm gfcxu~l{a$ xoykfillm mucoyag qlmj {oioducmql naiul~ comjjumlglm yo{fdu{a yodl~a` gl{lycfnod nomjlm yo{fdu{a efya{fm~ld <8 gc l~lu doiae io{ly- Cfnod yo{fdu{a gl{ly {oxoy~a iuyug com{acudl{aglmNu~l xyf{o{$ ~oyu~lcl na nlm nogl~ culyl [umjla Cogfmj$ clml xl{lmj yok~aàon nlm naam~om{a`glm lxumj {ll~ama mfy~eol{~zlyn lnl- Xomoda~alm glca comumbugglm ilezl a~u xom~amj um~ug comqodo{laglm xyf{o{ à{ag Nu~l

bagl {ldle {l~u uxlql um~ug coclelca coglma{co à{ag comjocuna lyu{ xoca{lelm l~l{ xlm~la ~omjjlylPao~mlc na Dlu~ Kaml [odl~lm-

Xoydu nakl~l~ na {ama ilezl {~una xyf{o{ ama na`fgu{glm xlnl lyu{ xoca{lelm nlm uxzoddamj doxl{ xlm~laPao~mlc nalcl~a {odlcl gfmna{a cu{ac xlml{- Cfnod il{am{kldo {oioducmql nlm ~ofya~a{ {~una comumbugglmilezl plyaliada~l{ cu{aclm nauklxglm {aygudl{a il{am#{gldl nalcl~a na [K[ nanfyfmj ~oyu~lcl fdoe cu{aceublm L{al âcuy$ nomjlm {fu~ezo{~oydq xoycugllm lmjam qlmj gul~ na cu{ac namjam nlm {onaga~ doiae doclemfy~eol{~oydq lmjam na cu{ac xlml{- Dau o~ ld- W988<S comumbugglm zlg~u yo{xfm il{am [K[ um~ug lmjam kuyd ‛ amnukon ilyfkdamak Yf{{iq jodfcilmj kugux {amjgl~ %<#> iudlm! qlmj {aygudl{a cu{aclm na |ul{a#o|uadaiyaucnomjlm {agdu{ lmjam cu{fm- @lmj o~ ld- W9881S comjjumlglm cfnod jdfild nomjlm doiae ~amjja %< <&0&0! yo{fdu{aBO[$ fdoe#OK[$ [K[ nlm dlu~ Amnfmo{al um~ug comumbugglm ilezl {agdu{ lmjam cu{fm bujl comnfyfmjxocildaglm nalcl~a na [lcunyl Xl{aàg na#Amnal ~eyfuje`dfz$ nomjlm ldaylm go %nlya! [K[ {odl~lm codldua [odl~Cldlgl nlm Glyacl~l {odlcl cu{ac xlml{ %cu{ac namjam! eublm lmjam coclg{l- Cu{ac xlml{ ldaylm~ylm{xfy~l{a lnldle yodl~a` docle %< [p! nlm ~lcxlgmql cocadaga {onaga~ oòg xlnl {aygudl{a nogl~ xlm~la



~omjjlyl Pao~mlc WQlmj o~ ld-$ 9889S- _m~ug coclelca iljlaclml xoyuilelm cu{aclm [K[ coclg{l nlm{aygudl{a cumjgam xomjlyue lyu{ xoca{lelm nlm uxzoddamj ~oyblna na lgeay cu{ac xlml{ %Lju{~u{! nlya Pao~mlcna~oda~a nldlc glyql ~uda{ ama lglm cocoyduglm cfnod {a{~oc qlmj comklgux Yo{fdu{a {xl{ald nlm ~ocxfyld qlmjkugux um~ug comlmjglx xyf{o{ xo{a{ay nfcamlm %ca{ldmql$ xl{lmj {uyu~$ {umjla na{kelyjo$ ylg#il{am L{amj$xlm~la lmjam coclg{l$ ndd! nlm coyogl plyaliada~l{ xlnl {gldl zlg~u cu{aclm {qmfx~ak~f-

_klxlm ~oyacl gl{ae- Glyql ama nanugumj fdoe F``ako f` Mlpld Yo{olyke jylm~ codldua {uikfm~ylk~ nlya

Zffn{ Efdo F{olmfjyl`a dociljl %ZEFA!- Glca ioy~oyacl gl{ae goxlnl Jdom J- Jlzlygaozakr na ZEFA$qlmj comjumnlmj ga~l um~ug ioyxly~a{axl{a nldlc xyfqog FMY dlu~ Kaml [odl~lm$ nlm glca madla {oyamjioyna{gu{a nomjlm nal ~om~lmj xogoybllm ama- Glca bujl ioy~oyacl gl{ae gfdlifyl~fy glca Pao~mlc qlmjcomjelia{glm zlg~u xlnl cocilm~u comjucxudglm nl~l noia~ lay ~lzly nlm ioyilja xomnlxl~ coyogl ~om~lmjlguyl{a xomjuguylm il~aco~ya dfgld$ {oy~l Xo~oy Reu na {ogfdle xl{kl{lyblml Mlpld um~ug ioyilja xomjldlclmmqlnldlc xocfnodlm [K[- Glca bujl amjam um~ug comjlgua ucxlm#ildag ioyjuml qlmj na{onalglm fdoe ~ajlxomjudl{ lmfmac$ qlmj cocilm~u comamjgl~glm ml{gle ama-Xomjocilmjlm @PKFC nanugumj fdoe Napa{a adcuFkolm M[@ codldua eaile FKO#89;>?>?$ FKO#899:0:1$ FKO#8080195$ FKO#8:<918;$ FKO # 8:905?<$ nlmFKO#85<>?8?7 Glm~fy M[@ xyfjylc#Lyg~ag gu~ui [kaomko{ Napa{afm codldua eaile LYK8:<918;$LYK8:;985>$ nlm LYK858>8917 Xyfqog#xyfqog CA^ dlu~ eaile 9880#YK#<8; nlm 98<8#Y&YK#<<07 nlmxyfjylc MFLL MOYLKFF[ um~ug ~ac _CL[[ Nly~cfu~e- K- Keom gfm~yaiu{a bujl nanugumj fdoe [elmjelaFkolm _mapoy{a~l{ goybl{lcl Xyfjylc Am~oyml{afmld %L#9;89#<<#888;!$ Xyfjylc {lam{ nlm ~ogmfdfja gfca{anlya [elmjela gf~lclnql %81;98?8;:88!$ cocacxam na{axdam xyfqog nlya [elmjela Cumakaxld xomnanaglm

lglnocag



AMNAGL[A _XZODDAMJ NA DL_^ KAML [ODL^LM COMJJ_MLGLM FKOLM

NL^L PAOZ % FNP !

EL[AD NLM XOCILEL[LM

A- EL[AD

NALJYLC ^ ‛ [



JLCILY JYL@AG [KL^^OY DL_^ KAML [ODL^LM



JLCILY NALJYLC ^A^AG [^L[A_M

Naljylc [uy`lko %xoycugllm!



AA- XOCILEL[LM

Nlya el{ad xomodu{uylm nlya cocilmnamjglm da~oyl~uy nomjlm el{ad nl~l qlmj

nacl{uglm gonldlc FNP$ comumbuglm lnldlmql amnagl{a qlmj bodl{ naclml {ueu

xlnl gonldlclm 988#9?8 comjldlca xocildaglm l~lu go~anlg {~liadlm$ {ueu qlmj

~amjja comblna ~uyum go ilzle nlm {ueu lay qlmj yomnle ioylmj{uy mlag- Eld ama

~odle xl{~a na{oiliglm fdoe lnlmql lyu{ mfy~eol{~zlyn nlya ~omjjlyl lgail~

yog~aàgl{a xl{lmj {uyu~- [oxoy~a qlmj ga~l go~leu ilezl xl{lmj#{uyu~ lnldle mlag

nlm ~uyummql xoycugllm lay dlu~ {oklyl xoyafnag {odlcl am~oypld zlg~u ~oy~om~u-

Xl{lmj#{uyu~ ~oyblna glyoml lnlmql am~oylg{a lm~lyl jlql jylpa~l{a cl~lelya nlm

iudlm ~oyelnlx iuca {oy~l jlql {om~yaùjld qlmj na~aciudglm fdoe yf~l{a iuca nlm

{q{~oc iudlm- Lgail~ nlya eld ama clgl lglm ~oyblna xoyionllm go~amjjalm na

xoycugllm l~l{ xoylaylm$ nlm gogf{fmjlm na iljalm l~l{ ~anlg nlxl~ naeamnlyglm-

Glyoml a~u xoyxamnlelm lay qlmj ioy{ueu yomnle nlya ilzle go iljalm xoycugllm

{oklyl ioylmj{uy ~oydael~ bodl{- Nlya jlcily {ok~afm na{~lmko lyu{ {ueu qlmj doiae

~amjja na cudla nlya ilyl~ go ~acuy ioyly~a uxzoddamj qlmj ~oyblna na Dlu~ Kaml

[odl~lm lnldle ~axo Kfl{~ld _xzoddamj- âxo Kfl{~ld uxzoddamj lnldle ~axo qlmj

xldamj ilmqlg cocadaga euiumjlm nomjlm lg~apa~l{ clmu{al nlm cocioyaglm

ilmqlg xomjlyue ~oyelnlxl xyfnug~apa~l{ xoyaglmlm na numal$ {oxoy~a aglm xodlja{

gokad %{lynamo{$ lmkefpao{$ ndd-!- Dlu~ nldlc glql lglm mu~yaom ~oycl{ug ma~yl~o

lmn xef{xel~o$ qlmj coyuxlglm el{ad nlya nogfcxf{a{a cl~oya fyjlmag

%noln&no~ya~ld xdlmg~fm! nlya xoycugllm dlu~- Go~agl {lcxla go xoycugllm$

mu~yaom ~oy{oiu~ najumlglm fdoe à~fxdlmg~fm$ io{oy~l KF9 ~oydlyu~ nlm nlm omoyja

klelql cl~lelya um~ug comjel{adglm ilelm fyjlmag codldua xyf{o{ `f~f{am~o{a{-

Nlya nl~l qlmj glca nlxl~glm ~anlg ~oynlxl~ no~l comjomla Fg{qjom ~oydlyu~ nlm

bujl bucdle Kedfyfxeqd$ ~lxa glca gayl nomjlm lnlmql òmfcoml ~ocxoyl~uy qlmj

~oydael~ {lmjl~ blmjjld nlm bujl da~oyl~uy ioyuxl buymld qlmj glca nlxl~glm {unle

kugux um~ug comjlciad go{acxudlm ilezl na zadlqle dlu~ kaml {odl~lm coclmj

~odle ~oyblna _xzoddamj-

AAA- GO[ACX_DLM_xzoddamj na zadlqle Xoylaylm Dlu~ Kaml [odl~lm {ldle {l~umql nlxl~ ga~l dael~

nlya {ueu lay qlmj ioyxamnle- Ioyxamnle na{ama clg{unmql lay qlmj ioy{ueu

~amjja ioylmj{uy ~uyum go ilzle$ eld ama na{oiliglm fdoe òmfcoml Xl{lmj#

{uyu~ xoycugllm dlu~ {oxoy~a qlmj na{oiu~glm nldlc da~oyl~uy buymld qlmj glca

nlxl~glm- [odlam `lg~fy nlya xl{lmj#{uyu~$ gocumjgamlm eld ama na xoyxlyle



nomjlm lnlmql lmjam qlmj cocaku lyu{- Xoyxamnlelm lay qlmj ioy{ueu yomnle

goiljalm l~l{ lnldle um~ug omja{a gogf{fmjlm$ nlm ama lnldle {ldle {l~u kaya

nlya ~oyblnamql _xzoddamj-

AP-

Jylpa~l{a xlnl Jlql [ogumnoy Lyu{ dlu~ l- Lyu{ dlu~

Lyu{ dlu~ lnldle xyf{o{ xoyjoylglm cl{{l lay dlu~ qlmj comqoiliglm xoyxamnlelm

efyarfm~ld nlm poy~agld cl{{l lay dlu~ ~oy{oiu~ qlmj ~oyblna {oklyl ~oyu{ %Jyf{{$<1:9!-

Xoyjoylglm cl{{l lay ama na~aciudglm fdoe ioioylxl jlql %Eoyumlna$ <110!-

Jlql#jlql xocilmjga~ lyu{ ia{l naionlglm comblna 9 qla~u2

<- Jlql#jlql xyacoy %comjjoylgglm lyu{ nlm comom~uglm gokoxl~llmmql!2 [~yo{{ lmjam$

og{xlm{a ~oycld nlm gfm{~ylg{a lay $ {oy~l xoyionllm nom{a~l{

9- Jlql#jlql {ogumnoy %cocxomjlyuea lyle joylglm nlm gfmna{a ldaylm lyu{!2 jlql kfyafda{$

jylpa~l{a$ jo{oglm$ cfy`fdfja xlm~la nlm dlu~--

i- Jlql [ogumnoy

Jlql {ogumnoy coyuxlglm jlql qlmj cocxomjlyuea lyle joylglm nlm gfmna{a ldaylm

lyu{- Jlql ama cumkud lgail~ lnlmql joylg %cf~afm!$ lm~lyl dlam 2

<- Comuyu~ Xfmn nlm Xakglyn %<15;!

Cfm~afm ~oy{oiu~ lnldle jlql Kfyafda{ nlm jo{oglm %`yak~afm!-9- Comuyu~ Jyf{{ %<118!

^oyblnamql lyu{ na dlu~lm na{oiliglm fdoe nul `lg~fy u~lcl$ qla~u `lg~fy am~oymld nlm `lg~fy

og{~oymld-

@lg~fy am~oymld {oxoy~axoyionllm nom{a~l{ lay dlu~ $ jylnaom ~oglmlm comnl~ly nlm

jo{oglm dlxa{lm lay -

`lg~fy og{~oymld {oxoy~ajlql ~lyag cl~lelya nlm iudlm qlmj naxomjlyuea fdoe ~lelmlm

nl{ly dlu~ nlm jlql kfyafda{ $xoyionllm ~oglmlm unlyl$ jlql jylpa~l{a$ jlql ~og~fmag

nlm lmjam-

k- Jylpa~l{a xlnl Jlql [ogumnoy

Jylpa~l{a ioyxoylm lxliadl ~oyblna {dfxo na cugl lay nlm xoyionllm nom{a~l{ lm~lyl

dlxa{lm lay- [dfxo cugl lay lnldle xoyionllm go~amjjalm xoycugllm lay$ kfm~femql jlql jylpa~l{a ama

ioyxoylm xlnl {ll~ Xl{lmj#{uyu~ lay dlu~-

Xl{lmj#{uyu~ lay dlu~



Xl{lmj#{uyu~ lnldle mlag nlm ~uyummql xoycugllm lay dlu~ {oklyl xoyafnag {odlcl

am~oypld zlg~u ~oy~om~u- Xl{lmj#{uyu~ ~oyblna glyoml lnlmql am~oylg{a lm~lyl jlql jylpa~l{a

cl~lelya nlm iudlm ~oyelnlx iuca {oy~l jlql {om~yaùjld qlmj na~aciudglm fdoe yf~l{a iuca

nlm {q{~oc iudlm- Lgail~ jlql jlql ama lay na nl{ly {lcunyl lglm ~oy~lyag go l~l{- Jlql

jylpa~l{a {l~u iomnl ~oyelnlx iomnl dlam lnldle coyuxlglm ùmj{a nlya cl{{l {o~alx iomnl

nlm blylg lm~lyl gonulmql- Gfmna{a ama comqoiliglm jlql jylpa~l{a iudlm ~oyelnlx iuca

doiae io{ly bagl nailmnamjglm nomjlm jlql jylpa~l{a cl~lelya ~oyelnlx iuca-

Iuca nlm iudlm cociom~ug {a{~oc fyia~ qlmj ioyxu~ly comjodadamja xu{l~ cl{lmql

nlm glyoml iuca yodl~a` doiae io{ly nlya iudlm$ clgl ~a~ag xu{l~mql ioylnl nldlc iuca-

Xoyxu~lylm {a{~oc iuca#iudlm cociom~ug jlql {om~yaùjld %go lyle duly! nlm naacilmja

fdoe jlql jylpa~l{a go nulmql- Xlnl iljalm iuca qlmj comjelnlx iudlm$ jlql jylpa~l{amql

doiae gul~ nlya xlnl jlql {om~yaùjldmql {oeamjjl comjlgail~glm lay dlu~ qlmj comjelnlx

iudlm ~oy~lyag go l~l{ %xl{lmj mlag!- Xlnl iljalm iuca qlmj ioydlzlmlm$ jlql jylpa~l{a iudlm

camacuc nlm jlql {om~yaùjld qlmj doiae io{ly lglm comlyag lay combluea iuca %xl{lmj

mlag!$ blna ~oynlxl~ nul xl{lmj mlag- Goblnalm ama lglm comjagu~a xf{a{a iudlm ~oyelnlx iuca

qlmj ioyxu~ly xlnl xfyf{mql-

[dlam [dfxo cugl lay$ jylpa~l{a bujl ioyxoylm nldlc xoyjoylglm Lyu{ nldlc l~lu Noox#zl~oy-

Lyu{#nldlc l~lu Noox#zl~oy

Lyu{#nldlc lnldle lyu{ qlmj ~oyblna na nldlc nlm na ilzle dlxa{lm xagmfgdam

qlmj na{oiliglm fdoe xoyionllm nom{a~l{ nalm~lyl nul cl{{l lay dlu~ qlmj ioynlcxamjlm$

eld ama gocunalm comqoiliglm joylglm poy~agld lay dlu~ nlm comkax~lglm joylglm cl{{l lay

dlu~#nldlc %noox#zl~oy cl{{o{! qlmj ioyjoylg codam~l{a {lcunoyl {oklyl xoydlelm- Joylglm

cl{{l lay dlu~#nldlc ~oy{oiu~ glnlmj cocxomjlyuea {aygudl{a xoycugllm-

18/ nlya lay dlu~ numal ioyjylg na nldlc nlm na ilzle dlxa{lm xagmfgdam$ joylglm

lyu{ ilzle xoycugllm ama najoylglm fdoe jylpa~l{a lgail~ xoyionllm nom{a~l{ na lm~lyl dlxa{lm

lay$ qlmj cocilmjga~glm {aygudl{a ~eoycfeldamo-



Xoyionllm nom{a~l{ cl{{l lay dlu~ ~oyu~lcl na{oiliglm fdoe xoyionllm ~ocxoyl~uy

nlm {ldama~l{ lay dlu~- Fdoe glyoml a~u joylglm cl{{l lay dlu~#nldlc ~oy{oiu~ na{oiu~ bujl

{oiljla {aygudl{a ~oycfeldam %~eoycfeldamo kaykudl~afm!- Cfnod {aygudl{a ~oycfeldam {oklyl

jdfild nlxl~ nadael~ xlnl

Jlcily- {aygudl{a ~oycfeldam jdfild

P- ^#[ naljylc

Xlylco~oy#xlylco~oy qlmj {odldu nauguy nldlc xomoda~alm F{olmfjylà aldle 2

[ueu

[ldama~l{

Glmnumjlm F9 Glmnumjlm rl~ elyl mu~yaom~!2

Nlya nl~l xomjlcl~lm dlxlmjlm Na{~yaiu{a [ldama~l{ nlm [ueu ~oyelnlx gonldlclm- ânlg ia{l

najumlglm um~ug comom~uglm glylg~oya{~ag {ul~u xoylaylm

Glylg~oya{~ag {ul~u xoylaylm na~om~uglm nomjlm cocxdf~ nl~l {ueu nlm {ldama~l{ ~oyelnlx

gonldlclm-Euiumjlm {ldama~l{ nlm {ueu naxyo{om~l{aglm go nldlc Naljylc ^#[

Naljylc ^[ lnldle jylàg qlmj comumbugglm euiumjlm lm~lyl {ueu nlm {ldama~l{ {oxoy~a qlmj nalcl~a

ioy{lcl xlnl$ ca{ldmql$ gonldlclm qlmj na~om~uglm nldlc gfdfc lay- A{fxdo~e{ nom{a~l{ gfm{~lm{oyamj bujl najlcilyglm nldlc naljylc qlmj {lcl {oiljla ldl~ ilm~u am~oyxyo~l{a ~lcilelm qlmj



ioyjuml- Na dlu~ gfciaml{a ^[ ~oy~om~u doiae na{ugla qlmj comjlyle xlnl xyf{onuy anom~aàgl{a

codldua noàma{a boma{ lay nlm cl{{l lay nlm na{~yaiu{a coyogl-

Naljylc ~ocxoyl~uy#{ldama~l{ %^#[ ! xoylaylm xom~amj um~ug na`lelca glyoml ioyclm`ll~ um~ug

comjo~leua {ucioy cl{{l lay xoylaylm {o~ocxl~- Fdoe glyoml a~u xoydu xoclelclm qlmj ilag

comjomla namlcagl naljylc ^#[ na {o~alx xoylaylmGlylg~oya{~ag naljylc ^#[ geu{u{mql na~om~uglm

fdoexoyuilelm xfdl efya{fm~ld nldlc ~ajl dlxa{lm$ qla~u lay elmjl~ na dlxa{lm l~l{$ lay xoy~omjlelm$ nlm

lay namjam na dlu~ iljalm nldlc-

[ueu om~yfxa naljylc$ l~lu ^#{ naljylc$ najumlglm nldlc ~oycfnamlcagl um~ug cocpa{ulda{l{aglm

xoyuilelm {ueu nlm om~yfxa {odlcl xyf{o{ ~oycfnamlcagl l~lu {agdu{- Ama lnldle ldl~ qlmj ioyjuml

nlm ucuc$ ~oyu~lcl glyoml eld ama cocilm~u um~ug cocpa{ulda{l{aglm xoyxamnlelm xlml{ {odlcl

xyf{o{- _m~ug xyf{o{ %qlmj anold! yopoy{aiod$ lyol umnoy kuypo ^#{ xyf{o{ lnldle xlml{ qlmj na~ylm{òy

go {a{~oc {odlcl xyf{o{-

Naljylc ̂ #[

Mle ama coyuxlglm kfm~fe nlya naljylc ^#[

ôyu{ lnl qlmj ioy~lmql#~lmql lxlgle gojumllm nlya naljylc ama$

gojumllmmql lm~lyl dlam2

Nlxl~ najumlglm um~ug comjokog lxlgle nl~l {ueu nlm {ldama~l{ qlmj nalciad na dlxlmjlm nlxl~ naxoyklql l~lu ~anlg-

Nlya guypl nal~l{ nlxl~ nadael~ lnl qlmj {cff~e lnl qlmj guylmj {cff~e$ um~ug guypl qlmj {cff~ecomlmnlglm ilezl nl~l qlmj nalciad nlya dlxlmjlm ~oyea~umj ilju{ glyoml go~agl naiul~ naljylc ~#{

http://ctooy.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/kurva.jpg

http://ctooy.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/diagram-t-s1.jpg



mql comlcxadglm ~lcxadlm guypl qlmj {cff~e- [onlmjglm guypl qlmj ~anlg {cff~e goildaglmmql$nl~l qlmj nanlxl~ guylmj ilag glyoml guypl comlcxadglm ~lcxadlm qlmj ~anlg {cff~e-

9- Nlxl~ najumlglm um~ug comjanom~a`agll{a cl{{l lay nlm comom~uglm xyf{o{ xomklcxuylm

Lnl ; glylg~oya{~ag nlya cl{{l lay

LLIZ %Lm~ly~ak If~~fc Zl~oy! ‛ = [ueu yomnle

MLNZ %Mfy~e L~dlm~ak Noox Zl~oy! ‛ = [ldama~l{ ~amjja

LLA\ %Lm~ly~ak Acoynal~o Zl~oy! ‛ = [ldama~l{ yomnle

;-Nlxl~ najumlglm um~ug codael~ go{~liadlm gfdfc lay

Gldlu [~liad ‛ = Guypl ^#[ cocf~fmj guypl {~ golyle ilzle %golyle xoy#~lcilelm {~!-

^anlg [~liad ‛ = Guypl ^#[ cocf~fmj guypl {~ golyle l~l{ %golyle xomjuylmjlm {~!

Mo~yld ‛ = Guypl ^#[ {oblbly nomjlm guypl {~

>- Nlxl~ najumlglm um~ug codlklg joylglm cl{{l lay nomjlm klyl cocilmnamjglm ioioylxl naljylc^#[ {ul~u xoylaylm

http://ctooy.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/kurva-2.png



Xlnl 9 naljylc ^#[ nal~l{ nlxl~ nadael~ ilezl lnl mql xoyklcxuylm cl{{l lay xlnl {~l{aum qlmjnajumlglm um~ug comjlciad {lcxod

A~udle ioioylxl nlya gojumllm Naljylc ^#[

http://ctooy.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/kurva1.jpg

http://ctooy.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/kurva1.jpg



Nl`~ly Xu{~lglYlmna$ Caga 98<8- Lyu{ Dlu~-e~~x{2&&xyfàdo{-jffjdo-kfc&<<>8>90>1058<5;>019:9&iurr&XoNUMyfYNP> - na lg{o{ xlnl ~lmjjld 99Fg~fioy 98<9

Yfjo{gf$ Fgeyq 98<9- Ilelm Lyu{ Dlu~ ;- e~~x2&&an-{kyain-kfc&nfk&1><:>?<0&ilelm#lyu{#dlu~#;- nalg{o{ xlnl ~lmjjld 99 Fg~fioy 98<9

Elnagu{ml$ Azlmjofny{ 98<9- Lyu{ Dlu~-e~~x2&&{clcuelcclnaqle<~l{agcldlqljof-idfj{xf~-kfc&98<9&8>&lyu{#dlu~-e~cd - na lg{o{ xlnl~lmjjld 99 Fg~fioy 98<9

Iolyn{doq$ Y- K-$ ^- @- Nunl$ B- @- Dqmke$ B- N- Aya{e$ [- Y- Ylcx$ K- [- Keau$ ^- Q- ^lmj$ Q- B- Qlmj$lmn J- E- @lmj %988>!$ Ilyf~yfxak~ano am ~eo mfy~eol{~ [fu~e Keaml [ol$ AOOO B- Fkolmak Omj-$ 91$<8:? ‛ <850$nfa2<8-<<81&BFO-988>-5;;990-

Klyu{f$ C-$ J- J- Jlzlygaozakr$ lmn Y- K- Iolyn{doq %9880!$ Am~oylmmuldplyaliada~q f` ~eo Guyf{eafam~yu{afm am ~eo [fu~e Keaml [ol$ B- Fkolmfjy-$09$ ??1 ‛ ?:?$ nfa2<8-<88:&{<85:9#880#88:0#8-

Keom$ K-$ lmn Y- K- Iolyn{doq %<11?!$ L mucoyakld {~unq f` {~yl~aàon ~anld yok~aàkl~afm fpoyàma~o#lcxda~uno ilmg{$ Xly~ A2 [qcco~yak ilmg{$ B- Xeq{-Fkolmfjy-$ 9?$ 9818 ‛ 9<<8$ nfa2<8-<<:?&<?98#8>5?%<11?!89?498182LM[F[^=9-8-KF79-

Keom$ K-$ lmn Y- K- Iolyn{doq %<115!$ ânld ca amj fpoy àma~o#lcxda~unoilmg{2 L cfnod {~unq za~e lxxdakl~afm ~f Jofyjo{ Ilmg$ B- Cly- Yo{-$?0$ <<0; ‛ <98<$ nfa2<8-<;?:&88999>815:0?81;08:-

Keom$ K-$ E- Dau$ lmn Y- K- Iolyn{doq %988;!$ Lm um{~yuk~uyon jyan$ àma~opfduco$ ~eyoo nacom{afmld$xyaca~apo o|ul~afm{ fkolm cfnod2 Lxxdakl~afm~f kfl{~ld fkolm lmn o{~ulyao{$ B- L~cf{- Fkolmak ôkemfd-$ 98$ <?1 ‛ <50$nfa2<8-<<:?&<?98#8>90%988;!89848<?12L_J@P^=9-8-KF79-

Keom$ K-$ Y- K- Iolyn{doq$ lmn J- Kfzdo{ %9880l!$ Lm um{~yuk~uyon jyan$ àma~o#pfduco kfl{~ld fkolmcfnod %@PKFC! {q{~oc$ Fkolmfjylxeq$<1$ :5 ‛ 51$ nfa2<8-?0:8&fkolmfj-9880-19-

Keom$ K-$ J- Kfzdo{$ lmn Y- K- Iolyn{doq %9880i!$ Lm um{~yuk~uyon jyan$ àma~o#pfduco kfl{~ld fkolmcfnod2 @PKFC u{oy clmuld$ 9mn on-$ ôke-Yox- 80#8089$ ;<? xx-$ _map- f` Cl{{- Nly~cfu~e$ @layelpom-

Keom$ K-$ E- Eulmj$ Y- K- Iolyn{doq$ E- Dau$ \- Uu$ lmn J- Kfzdo{ %988:!$ L àma~o pfducomucoyakld lxxyflke `fy kfl{~ld fkolm kaykudl~afm {~unao{2Kfcxlya{fm{ za~e àma~o na`òyomko cfnod{$ B- Jofxeq{- Yo{-$ <<9$K8;8<5$ nfa2<8-<891&9880BK88;>5?-

Keom$ K-$ o~ ld- %9885!$ Xeq{akld cokelma{c `fy ~eo f``{efyo no~lkecom~ f` ~eo Kelmjbalmj nadu~onzl~oy am ~eo Ol{~ Keaml [ol$ B- Jofxeq{- Yo{-$ <<;$ K89889$ nfa2<8-<891&9880BK88;11>-

https://profiles.google.com/114042649680183469272/buzz/PeDXNroRDV4


http://id.scribd.com/doc/94174516/bahan-arus-laut-3



http://smamuhammadiyah1tasikmalayageo.blogspot.com/2012/04/arus-laut.html







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Mlcl 2 Zana Yo{~u Jucodly

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^^D 2 [uconlmj$ << Mfpocioy <119

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Buyu{lm Xoyaglmlm-

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