chemistry modul chapter 2

7/23/2019 chemistry modul chapter 2

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Chapter 2 Structure Of Atom PTIU SPM INTENSIVE 2015

1.Diagram 3.1 shows the results of an experiment to investigate the

movements of bromine particles in air.

Diagram 3.1 menunjukkan keputusan bagi satu eksperimen menyiasat

pergerakan zarah bromine dalam udara.

Diagram 3.1

(i) State the name of the process involved in this experiment. [1M]

Nyatakan nama proses yang terlibat dalam eksperimen ini. [1M]

......................................................................................................

(ii) State the type of particles present in bromine gas, Br2. [1M]

Nyatakan jenis zarah yang hadir dalam gas bromin, Br2.[1M]

......................................................................................................

(iii) Explain the observation in this experiment based on the kinetic

theory of matter. [3M]

Terangkan pemerhatian bagi eksperimen ini berdasarkan teori kinetic

jisim. [3M]

.......................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................

(iv) This experiment is repeated at a higher temperature.

Predict the time taken for the bromine vapour to spread

throughout the space in both gas jars. [1M]

Eksperimen ini diulang pada suhu yang lebih tinggi.

Ramalkan berapakah masa yang diperlukan bagi wap Bromin untuk

merebak ke seluruh ruang dalam kedua-dua bekas gas itu. [1M]

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SET 1 Practice SPM08-03a


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.......................................................................................................

SET 1 Drill (SBP2013)

1.

a.Diagram 1 shows the set-up of the apparatus an experiment to

study Process I.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu eksperimen bagi

mengkaji Proses I.

Diagram 1.1

Rajah 1.1

(i) Name the process involved in this experiment? [1M]

Namakan proses yang terlibat?[1M]

.

(ii) State the type of particles present in potassium manganate(VII). [1M]

Nyatakan jenis zarah dalam kalium manganat(VII). [1M]

.

(iii) Explain the observation in this experiment based on the kinetic theory

of matter.[3M]

Terangkan pemerhatian dalam eksperimen ini berdasarkan teori kinetik jirim.

[3M]

.

...........................

................................................................. .

...........................

................................................................. .

...........................

................................................................. .

.........

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b.Diagram 1.2 shows the symbols for three atoms of carbon.

Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan simbol bagi tiga atom karbon.

Atom

Atom

Proton number

Nombor proton

Nucleon number

Nombor nukleon

12

C66 12

13

C6

6 13

14

C6

6 14

Diagram 1.2Rajah 1.2

(i) Name one subatomic particles present in the nucleus of carbon atom.

[1M]

Namakan satu zarah subatom yang terdapat dalam nukleus atom karbon. [1M]

.

(ii) 126C,126C and

126C are isotopes.What is meant by isotope?[1M]

12

6C,

12

6C and

12

6C adalah isotop. Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan isotop?[1M]

.

(iii) Determine the number of neutrons for the isotope of carbon-14,146C.

[1M]

Tentukan bilangan neutron bagi isotop karbon-14,146C.[1M]

.

(iv) State one use of carbon-14,146C.[1M]

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Water/air

Thermometer/termometer

Substance Xbahan X

Boiling tube/tiub didih


Nyatakan satu kegunaan karbon-14,146C.[1M]

.

1.Figure 1 shows the setup of the apparatus used in an experiment to

determine the melting point and freezing point of substance X.

rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas yang digunakan dalam satu

eksperimen bagi menentukan takat lebur dan takat beku bahan X.

FIGURE 1/RAJAH 1

(a)Why is a water bath used to heat the substance X? [1M]

Mengapakah air digunakan untuk memanaskan bahan x? [1M]

............................................................................................................

(b)Graph 1 show the temperature against time when solid of substance X

is heated.

Graf 1 menunjukkan suhu melawan masa apabila pepejal bahan X

dipanaskan

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Time,masa(min)

Temperature,suhu (oC)

20

40

0

!0

"00

#

B C$

%


(i) What is the melting point of substance X? [1M]

Apakah takat lebur bagi bahan X? [1M]

............................................................................................................

(ii) State the physical state of substance X at point M. [1M]

Nyatakan keadaan fizikal bahan X pada titik M. [1M]

............................................................................................................

(iii) State the change of kinetic energy along the region AB. [1M]

Nyatakan perubahan tenaga kinetic sepanjang kawasan AB. [1M]

............................................................................................................

(iv) Draw the arrangement of particles of substance X at 60 C and 90 C.

[2M]

Lukiskan susunan zarah bagi bahan X pada suhu 60C dan 90C. [2M]

60oC 90oC

(v) Explain why the temperature remains constant from point B to point

C. [2M]

Terangkan mengapakah suhu kekal dari titik B hingga titik C. [2M]

..........................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................

(vi)A substance Y has a melting point of 150oC. Predict whether the

melting point of Y can be determined using the water bath. Explain

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why. [2M]

Bahan Y mempunyai takat lebur pada suhu 150C. Jangkakan samada

takat lebur bahan Y boleh ditentukan menggunakan air didih. Terangkan

jawapan anda. [2M]

..........................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................

Table 1 shows the melting point and boiling point of substance X, Y and Z

Jadual 1 menunjukkan takat lebur dan takat didih bahan X,Y dan Z

Substance/bah

an

Melting

point/takat

leburC

Boiling

point/takat

didihCX -110 5

Y -18 66

Z 98 413

Table 1/Jadual 1

(a)

i. What is the state of matter of substance X at room temperature?

[1 mark]

Apakah keadaan fizikal jirim bagi bahan X pada suhu bilik?[1M]

..................................................................................................

ii. Give reason to your answer in (a)(i). [1M]

Berikan alas an bagi jawapan anda dalam (a)(i).

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

(b) i. Substance Y is heated from room temperature to 100C. Sketch

a graph of temperature against time for the heating of substance

Y. [2M]

Bahan Y dipasakan dari suhu bilik ke suhu 100C. Lakarkan graf suhu

melawan masa bagi pemanasan bahan Y. [2M]

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SET 2 Drill SBPTrial10-01


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!np

np


ii. What is the state of matter of substance Y at 66C? [1M]

Apakah keadaan fizikal jirim bagi bahan Y pada suhu 66C? [1M]

..................................................................................................

(c)Explain why the melting point of substance Z is higher than

substance Y. [2M]

Terangkan mengapakah takat lebur bagi bahan Z lebih tinggi

berbanding bahan Y.[2M]

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................

(d)What is meant by melting point? [1M]Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan takat lebur? [1M]

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................

(e)Draw the particle arrangement of substance Z at room condition. [1M]

Lukiskan susunan zarah bagi bahan Z pada keadaan bilik. [1M]

Diagram 1 shows the atomic structure for two isotopes of carbon atoms.

Diagram 1 menunjukkan struktur atom bagi dua isotop untuk atom karbon.

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DIAGRAM 1

(a)What is meant byisotopes? [1M]

Apakah yang dimaksudkan denganisotop? [1M]

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................

(b)

i.Name the positively charged subatomic particles found in the

nucleus of an atom. [1M]

Namakan zarah subatom yang bercas positif yang ditemui dalam nukleus

atom. [1M]

.......................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................

ii. What is the relative mass of the particles in b(i)? [1M]

Apakah jisim relatif bagi zarah di dalam (b)i? [1M]

......................................................................................................

......................................................................................................

(c)Name the subatomic particle which is neutral. [1M]

Namakan zarah subatom yang bercas neutral. [1M]

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................

(d)Write the symbol ofoneof carbon isotopes above in the form of

XA

Z

.

[2M]

Tuliskan simbol salahsatuisotop kepada karbon dalam bentuk

XA

Z

.[2M]

.......................................................................................................

(e)In which period and group is carbon element located in the Periodic

Table of Elements? Explain your answer. [4M

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Pada kumpulan dan petala manakah unsur karbon terletak dalam Jadua

Berkala Unsur? Terangkan jawapan anda. [4M]

Group/kumpulan : ............

Reason/alasan: ...

Period/kala: .

Reason/alasan: ...

Table 1 shows the number of proton, electrons and neutrons for atom W, X,

Y and Z.

Jadual 1 menunjukkan bilangan proton, elektron dan neutron bagi atom W,X,Y danZ.

Atom Number of protons Number of neutrons

W 8 9

X 8 10

Y 12 12

Z 11 12

(a)(i) What is meant by nucleon number? [1M]

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan bilangan nukleon? [1M]

......................................................................................................

......................................................................................................

(ii) What is the nucleon number of atom W? [1M]

Berapakah bilangan nukleon bagi atom W? [1M]

......................................................................................................

(b)Write the symbol of atom Y in the form of

YA

Z

. [1M]

Tuliskan simbol bagi atom Y dalam bentuk

YA

Z

.[1M]

...........................................................................................................

(c)

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(i) Write the electron arrangement of atom Z. [1M]

Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom Z. [1M]

..........................................................................................................

(ii) What is the number of valance electrons in atom Z. [1M]

Berapakah bilangan elektron vaens bagi atom Z. [1M]

..........................................................................................................

(d)Which atoms are isotopes? Explain why. [2M]

Pasangan atom-atom manakah merupakan isotop? Terangkan mengapa. [2M]

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................

(e)Solid Q is a compound of element W. Solid Q has melting point of 85

C and boiling point of 150 C. A boiling tube containing solid Q is

heated at room temperature until 180 C.

Pepejal Q ialah sebatian dari unsur W. Pepejal Q mempunyai takat lebur pada

suhu 85C dan takat didih pada 150C. Satu tiub didih mengandungi pepejal

Q dipanaskan dari suhu bilik hingga 180C.

(i) Sketch a graph of temperature against time during the

heating. [2M]Lakarkan satu graf suhu melawan masa semasa pemanasan[2M]

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(ii) Draw the arrangement of particles of substance Q at 50 C.

[1M]

Lukiskan susunan zarah bagi bahan Q pada suhu 50C [1M]

Graph 2.1 shows the temperature against time when solid naphthalene is

heated.Graf 2.1 menunjukkan suhu melawan masa apabila pepjal naftalena dipanaskan.

Graph 2.1Graf 2.1

(a)State the melting point of naphthalene. [1M]

Nyatakan takat lebur naftalena.[1M]

........................................................................................................

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Temperature,Suhu/0C

S

Q R T1

T0 P

Time,Masa/s


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(b)What is the physical state of naphthalene at: [2M]

Apakah keadaan fizikal naftalena pada: [2M]

(i) PQ: ...........................................................................................

(ii) RS: ...........................................................................................

(c)Explain why there is no change in temperature from Q to R. [2M]

Terangkan mengapakah tiada perubahan suhu dari Q ke R. [2M]

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................

(d)State how the movement of naphthalene particles changes between R

and S during heating. [1M]Nyatakan perubahan pergerakan zarah-zarah naftalena antara R dan S

semasa pemanasan. [1M]

............................................................................................................

(e)Table 2.2 shows four substances and their respective formulae.

Jadual 2.2 menunjukkan empat bahan dan formula masing-masing.

Substances/bahan Chemical

formula/formula

kimia

Iodine/iodine I2

Copper/kuprum Cu

Naphthalene/

naftalena

C10H8

Copper(II)

sulphate/

kuprum(II)sulfat

CuSO4

Table 2.2

Use information from table 2.2 to answer the following questions.

Gunakan maklumat dari jadual 2.2 untuk menjawab soaan-soalan berikut.

(i)State one substance which exists as a molecule. [1M]

Nyatakan satu bahan yang wujud sebagai satu molekul.[1M]

............................................................................................................

(ii) Which substance can conduct electricity in the solid state? [1M]

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Bahan manakah yang boleh mengalirkan elektrik dalam keadaan pepejal?

[1M]

............................................................................................................

(iii)What type of particle presents in copper(II) sulphate? [1M]

Apakah jenis zarah yang hadir dalam kuprum(II) sulfat? [1M]

............................................................................................................

(f)A few drops of liquid bromine are dropped into a gas jar. The brown

bromine vapour spreads to the upper part of the gas jar. The time taken is

very short.

Name the process occurs. [1M]

Beberapa titis cecair bromin telah dititis ke dalam bekas gas. Wap perang bromin

telah merebak hingga ke bahagian atas bekas itu. Masa yang diambil adaah sangatsingkat.

Namakan proses yang berlaku.[1M]

.....................................................................................................................

Table 1 shows the melting point and boiling point of four substances.

Jadual 1 menunjukkan takat lebur dan takat didih bagi empat bahan.

Substances/bahan

Melting point/takat lebur C

Boilingpoint/takat didih

C

P -5 67

Q -105 -38

R 80 140

S 801 1413

TABLE 1/JADUAL 1

(a)What is the physical state of P and S at room temperature? [2M]

Apakah keadaan fizikal P dan S pada suhu bilik? [2M]

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P: ........................................... S: ...............................................

(b)Draw the arrangement of particles of P at room temperature. [1M]

Lukiskan susunan zarah bagi P pada suhu bilik. [1M]

(c)Explain why substance Q has a low melting point and boiling point.

[2M]

Terangkan mengapakah bahan Q mempunyai takat lebur dan takat didih

yang rendah. [2M]

..................................................................................................

............................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

(d)Draw the setup of apparatus to determine the melting point of

substance R. [2M]

Lukiskan susunan radas bagi menentukan takat lebur bagi bahan R. [2M]

(e)Sketch the graph of temperature against time for substance R when it

is heated from room temperature until it reaches a temperature of 100

C. [2M]

Lakarkan satu graf suhu melawan masa bagi bahan R apabila ia dipanaskan

dari suhu bilik hingga ia mencapai suhu 100C. [2M]

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& '%#*#$ !

&rocess


A compound changed from state P to state Q under process I.

Diagram 8 shows the arrangement of particles of the compound in state P

and state Q.

Satu sebatian bertukar dari keadaan P ke keadaan Q semasa proses I.

Diagram 8 menunjukkan susunan zarah dalam sebatian semasa keadaan p dankeadaan Q.

Table 8.1 shows the temperature of the compound during process I.

Jadual 8.1 menunjukkan suhu sebatian semasa proses I.

Time/masa(min) 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5

Temperature/suhu

(C)82 80 78 75 75 75 75 75 73 71

TABLE 8.1

(a)Name process I.Explain why the temperature remains constant from 1.5

minutes to 3.5 minutes. [4M]

Namakan proses I.Terangkan mengapakah suhu kekal dari minit 1.5 hinggaminit 3.5.[4M]

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.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

(b)Table 8.2 shows the melting point and boiling point of a compound M.

Jadual 8.2 menunjukkan takat lebur dan takat didih bagi sebatian M.

TABLE 8.2(i)State the physical state of compound M at 80C and 280C. [2M]

Compare the particles of compound M at 80C to those at 280C in

terms of the arrangement of particles, the movement of particles, the

forces of attraction between particles and kinetic energy of particles.

[4M]

Nyatakan keadaan fizikal bagi sebatian M pada suhu 80C dan 280C.[2M]

Bandingkan zarah bagi sebatian M pada suhu 80C dan 280C dari segi

susunan zarah, pergerakan zarah, daya tarikan antara zarah dan tenaga

kinetic zarah-zarah itu. [4M]

(ii)Describe an experiment to determine the melting point of compound

M.

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Melting point (oC) 105

Boiling point (oC) 210


17/18


Include a sketch of the heating curve and explain how you obtain the

melting point of the substance. [10M]

Terangkan satu eksperimen bagi menentukan takat ebur dan takat didih

bagi sebatian M.

Sertakan satu lakaran untuk lekuk pemanasan dan terangkan bagaimana

anda memperolehi takat lebur bagi bahan tersebut.[10M]

Any pure substance has its own fixed melting point. For example, the

melting point of pure acetamide is 83C.

Sebarang bahan tulen mempunyai takat lebur yang tetap. Sebagai contoh, takat

lebur bagi asitamida tulen ialah 83C.

You are given two beakers, each containing acetamide A and acetamide B.

One of them is impure acetamide.

Anda diberi dua bikar, masing-masing mengandungi asitamida A dan asitamida B.

Satu daripada nya ialah asitamida tidak tulen.

Plan an experiment to determine which of the acetamide is pure.Your planning must include the following items:[10M]

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SET 5 Drill (SBPdiag07-03-P3)


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Rancang satu eksperimen untuk menentukan asitamida yang manakah tulen.

Eksperimen anda mestilah termasuk yang berikut:[10]

(a) Problem statement/Pernyataan masalah

(b) All variables involved/semua pemboeh ubah yang terlibat

(c) Statement of the hypothesis/pernyataan hipotesis

(d) List of materials and apparatus/senarai bahan dan radas

(e) Experimental procedure/prosedur eksperimen

(f) Tabulation of data/menjadualkan data

chemistry modul chapter 2

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